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Çré Ñaö-tilä Ekädaçé Issue no:104 31st January 2019

Material Life In All Its Complexities

King Citraketu's Lamentation The Chain Of Maya


Srila Sukadeva Goswami Srila Bhaktisiddhanta Saraswati Thakura

Reversed Situations In Life


His Divine Grace Material Life In All Its Complexities
A.C.Bhaktivedanta Swami Srila Prabhupada Srila Bhaktisiddhanta Saraswati Thakura

Circulaton 28, 652


Issue no 104, Page — 2 nityaà bhägavata-sevayä
King Citraketu's Lamentation answering his disciple with great affection.
Srila Sukadeva Goswami Sri Sukadeva Goswami said: O King, I
shall speak to you the very same history I have
King Pariksit inquired from Sukadeva heard from the mouths of Vyasadeva, Narada
Goswami: O learned brähmaëa, being and Devala. Please listen with attention. O King
obsessed with the modes of passion and Pariksit, in the province of Shurasena there was
ignorance, demons are generally sinful. How a king named Citraketu, who ruled the entire
then, could Vrtrasura have attained such exalted earth. During his reign, the earth produced
love for the Supreme Personality of Godhead, all the necessities of life for his citizens. This
Narayana? Even demigods situated in the Citraketu had ‘ten million‘ wives, but although
mode of goodness and great saints cleansed he was capable of producing children, he
of the dirt like desire for material enjoyment did not receive a child from any of them. By
hardly ever render pure devotional service chance, all his wives were barren. Citraketu,
the husband of these millions of wives, was
at the lotus feet of Mukunda. [Therefore how
blessed with with a beautiful personal form,
could Vrtrasura have possibly become such a
magnanimity and youth. He was born in a
great devotee?] In this material world there are
high family, he had a complete education, and
as many living entities as atoms. Among these
he was wealthy and opulent. Nevertheless, in
living entities, very few are human beings,
spite of being endowed with all these assets,
and among them, very few are interested in
he was full of anxiety due to not having a son.
following religious principles. O best of the
His queens all had beautiful faces and attractive
brähmaëa Sukadeva Goswami, out of many
eyes, yet neither his opulence and his hundreds
persons who follow religious principles, only
and thousands of queens, nor the lands of
a few desire liberation from the material world. which he was the supreme proprietor were
Among many thousands who desire liberation, sources of happiness for him. Once, when the
one may actually achieve it, giving up material powerful sage named Angira was traveling all
attachment to society, friendship, love, over the universe by his sweet will, without any
country, home, wife and children. And among specific engagement, he came to the palace of
many thousands of such liberated persons, King Citraketu. Citraketu immediately stood
one who can understand the true meaning of up from his throne and offered him worship.
liberation is very rare. O great sage, among He offered drinking water and eatables and
many millions who are liberated and perfect in in this way performed his duty as a host to an
knowledge of liberation, one may be a devotee honourable guest. When the åñi was seated
of Lord Narayana, or Krishna. Such devotees, very comfortably, the King, restraining his mind
who are completely peaceful, are extremely and senses, sat on the ground at the side of the
rare. Vrtrasura was situated in the blazing fire åñi’s feet. O King Pariksit, when Citraketu, bent
of battle and was an infamous, sinful demon, low in humility, was seated at the lotus feet of
always engaged in giving troubles and anxieties the great Angira , the sage congratulated him
to others. How could such a demon become for his humility and hospitality. He addressed
so greatly Krishna conscious? My dear lord Citraketu in the following words.
Sukadeva Goswami, although Vrtrasura was The great sage Angira said: My dear King,
a sinful demon, he showed the prowess of a I hope that your body and mind and your royal
most exalted kñatriya and satisfied Lord Indra associates and paraphernalia are well. When
in battle. How could such a demon be a great the seven properties of material nature [the total
devotee of Lord Krishna? These contradictions material energy, the ego and the five objects of
cause me great doubt, and they have made me sense gratification] are in proper order, the living
eager to inquire about this from you. entity within the material elements is happy.
Sri Suta Goswami said: After hearing Without these seven elements one cannot
MaharajaPariksit’s very intelligent question, the exist. Similarly, a king is always protected by
most powerful sage Sukadeva Goswami, began seven elements; his instructor (svämé or guru),
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his ministers, his kingdom, his fort, his treasury, Brahma’s mind, was very merciful toward
his royal order and his friends. O King, O lord of him. Because the sage was a greatly powerful
humanity, when a king directly depends upon personality, he performed a sacrifice by offering
his associates and follows their instructions, he oblations of sweet rice to Tvasta. O Pariksit
is happy. Similarly, when his associates offer Maharaja, best of the Bharatas, the remnants
their gifts and activities to the king and follow of the food offered in the yajïa were given
his orders, they are also happy. O King, are by the great sage Angira to the first and most
your wives, citizens, secretaries and servants perfect among Citraketu’s millions of queens,
and the merchants who sell spices and oil under whose name was Krtadyuti. Thereafter, the
your control? Are you also in full control of great sage told the King, “O great King, now
ministers, the inhabitants of your palace, your you will have a son who will be the cause of
provincial governors, your sons and your other both jubilation and lamentation.” The sage then
dependents? If the king’s mind is fully controlled, left, without waiting for Citraketu’s response.
all his family members and governmental As Krttikadevi, after receiving the semen of
officers are automatically subordinate to him. Lord Shiva from Agni, conceived a child named
His provincial governors present taxes on time, Skanda [Karttikeya], Krtadyuti, having received
without resistance, and what to speak of lesser semen from Citraketu, became pregnant
servants? O King Citraketu, I can observe that after eating remnants of food from the yajïa
your mind is not pleased. You seem not to have performed by Angira. After receiving semen
achieved your desired goal. Is this because of from Maharaja Citraketu, the King of Shurasena,
you yourself, or has it been caused by others? Queen Krtadyuti gradually developed in her
Your pale face reflects a deep anxiety. pregnancy, O King Pariksit, just as the moon
Sukadeva Goswami said: O King Pariksit, develops during the bright fortnight. Thereafter,
although the great sage Angira knew everything, in due course of time, a son was born to the
he inquired from the King in this way. Thus King. Hearing news of this, all the inhabitants of
King Citraketu, desiring a son, bent low in great the state of Shurasena were extremely pleased.
humility and spoke to the great sage as follows. King Citraketu himself was especially pleased.
King Citraketu said: O great lord Angira, After purifying his body by bathing and by
because of austerity, knowledge and decorating himself with ornaments, he engaged
transcendental samädhi, you are freed from all learned brähmaëas in offering benedictions to
the reactions of sinful life. Therefore, as a perfect the child and performing the birth ceremony.
yogi, you can understand everything external Unto the brähmaëas who took part in the
and internal regarding embodied, conditioned ritualistic ceremony the King gave charity of
souls like ourselves. O great soul, you are aware gold, silver, garments, ornaments, villages,
of everything, yet you are asking me why I am horses and elephants, as well as six hundred
full of anxiety. Therefore, in response to your million cows. As a cloud indiscriminately
inquiry, kindly allow me to disclose the cause. pours water on the earth, to increase the
As a person aggrieved by hunger and thirst is not reputation, opulence and longevity of his son,
pleased by the external gratification of flower the beneficent King Citraketu distributed like
garlands or sandalwood pulp, I am not pleased rainfall all desirable things to everyone. When a
with my empire, opulence or possessions, poor man gets some money after great difficulty,
which are desirable even for great demigods, his affection for the money increases daily.
because I have no son. Therefore, O great Similarly, when King Citraketu obtained a son
sage, please save me and my forefathers, who after great difficulty, his affection for the son
are descending to the darkness of hell because increased day after day. The mother’s attraction
I have no progeny. Kindly do something so and attention to the son, like that of the child’s
that I may have a son to deliver us from hellish father, excessively increased. The other wives,
conditions. seeing Krtadyuti’s son, became very agitated,
In response to the request of Maharaja as if afflicted by high fever, dueto desire to have
Citraketu, Angira Åñi, who was born of Lord sons. As King Citraketu fostered his son very
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carefully, his affection for Queen Krtadyuti both men and women came. Being equally
increased, but gradually he lost affection aggrieved, they also began to cry. The queens
for the other wives, who had no sons. The who had administered the poison also cried
other queens were extremely unhappy due pretentiously, knowing full well their offense.
to their being sonless. Because of the King’s When King Citraketu heard of his son’s death
negligence toward them, they condemned from unknown causes, he became almost
themselves in self-loathing envy and lamented. blind. Because of his great affection for his son,
‘A wife who has no sons is neglected at home his lamentation grew like a blazing fire, and as
by her husband and dishonored by her co- he went to see the dead child, he kept slipping
wives exactly like a maidservant. Certainly and falling on the ground. Surrounded by his
such a woman is condemned in every respect ministers and other officers and the learned
because of her former sinful life. Even brähmaëas present, the King approached and
maidservants who are constantly engaged in fell unconscious at the child’s feet, his hair
rendering service to their master are honored and dress scattered. When the King, breathing
by him, and thus they have nothing for which heavily, regained consciousness, his eyes
to lament. Our position, however, is that we are were tearful, and he could not speak. When
maidservants of the maidservant. Therefore we the Queen saw her husband, King Citraketu,
are most unfortunate. Sri Sukadeva Goswami merged in great lamentation and saw the dead
continued: Being neglected by their husband child, who was the only son in the family,
and seeing Krtadyuti’s opulence in possessing she lamented in various ways. This increased
a son, Krtadyuti’s co-wives always burned in the pain in the cores of the hearts of all the
envy, which became extremely strong. As their inhabitants of the palace, the ministers and
envy increased, they lost their intelligence. all the brähmaëas. The garland of flowers
Being extremely hardhearted and unable to decorating the Queen’s head fell, and her hair
tolerate royal neglect, they finally poisoned scattered. Falling tears melted the cosmetic
to the King’s son. Unaware of the poisoning collyrium under her eyes and moistened
of her son by her co-wives, Queen Krtadyuti her breasts, which were covered with red
strolled in her house, thinking that the child son kuìkuma powder. As she lamented the loss of
was sleeping deeply. She did not understand her son, her loud crying resembled the sweet
that he was dead. Thinking that her child had sound of a kurari bird (osprey).
been asleep for a long time, Queen Krtadyuti, Alas, O Providence, O Creator, You are
who was certainly very intelligent, ordered the certainly inexperienced in creation, for during
nurse, “My dear friend, please bring my son the lifetime of a father You have caused the
here.” When the maidservant approached the death of his son, thus acting in opposition to
child, who was lying on his back, she saw that Your creative laws. If You are determined to
his eyes were turned upward. All his senses contradict these laws, You are certainly the
having ceased to function, there were no signs enemy of living entities and are never merciful.
of life in the boy, and she could understand My Lord, You may say that there is no law that
that the child was dead. Seeing this, she a father must die in the lifetime of his son and
immediately cried, “Now I am doomed,” and that a son must be born in the lifetime of his
fell to the ground. father, since everyone lives and dies according
In great agitation, the maidservant struck to his own fruitive activity. However, if fruitive
her breast with both hands and cried loudly activity is so strong that birth and death depend
in regretful words. Hearing her loud voice, upon it, there is no need of a controller, or
the Queen immediately came, and when she God. Again, if You say that a controller is
approached her son, she immediately saw that needed because the material energy does not
he was dead. In great lamentation, her hair and have the power to act, one may answer that
dress in disarray, the Queen fell to the ground if the bonds of affection You have created are
unconscious. O King Pariksit, hearing the disturbed by fruitive action, no one will raise
loud crying, all the inhabitants of the palace children with affection; instead, everyone will
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nityaà bhägavata-sevayä Issue no 104, Page—5
cruelly neglect his children. Since You have cut laws are changed according to the whims of
the bonds of affection that compel a parent to providence, then providence certainly should
raise his child, You appear inexperienced and not be considered merciful, but rather must
unintelligent. My dear son, I am helpless and be considered inimical to the created being.
very much aggrieved. You should not give up Actually it is not the creator, but the conditioned
my company. Just look at your lamenting father. soul who is inexperienced. He does not know
We are helpless because without a son we shall how the subtle laws of fruitive activity work,
have to suffer the distress of going to the darkest and without knowledge of these laws of nature,
hellish regions. You are the only hope by which he ignorantly criticizes the Supreme Personality
we can get out of these dark regions. Therefore of Godhead.
I request you not to go any further with the — Çrémad-Bhägavatam » Canto 6: Prescribed Duties for
merciless Yama. My dear son, you have slept a Mankind » Chapter14: King Citraketu’s Lamentation » Verses 54,
long time. Now please get up. Your playmates Purport.
are calling you to play. Since you must be
very hungry, please get up, take my milk and The Chain Of Maya
dissipate our lamentation. Srila Bhaktisiddhanta Saraswati Thakura
My dear son, I am certainly most unfortunate,
for I can no longer see your mild smiling. You
kåñëera sevaka jéva kåñëera mayaya
have closed your eyes forever. I therefore
conclude that you have been taken from this kåñëa nä bhajile ei-mata duùkha päya
planet to another, from which you will not
return. My dear son, I can no longer hear your “Due to the actions of His illusory energy , the
pleasing voice. jiva who is constitutionally His servant suffers
Sri Sukadeva Goswami continued: in this way if he does not worship his eternal
Accompanied by his wife, who was thus master Lord Krishna.”
lamenting for her deceased son, King Citraketu Every living entity is constitutionally a Vaisnava,
began crying loudly with an open mouth, greatly an eternal servant of Krishna. As soon as he turns
aggrieved. As the King and Queen lamented, all away from that service , he comes under the
their male and female followers joined them in control of the covering and throwing potencies
crying. Because of the sudden accident, all the of Krishna’s deluding external energy. The
citizens of the kingdom were almost unconscious mentality of measuring through one’s sensory
in grief. When the great sage Angira understood knowledge every object under the shelter of that
that the King was almost dead in an ocean of illusory energy is certainly deluded and born of
lamentation, he went there with Narada Åñi. the desire for material enjoyment; therefore it is
— Çrémad-Bhägavatam » Canto 6: Prescribed Duties for the source of unlimited miseries.
Mankind » Chapter 14: King Citraketu’s Lamentation » Verses 1-61. In Çré Caitanya-caritämåta (Madhya 20.117-
118, 120) it is stated: “Due to forgetting Him ,
Reversed Situations In Life the living entity has been attracted by Krishna’s
external feature from time immemorial.
His Divine Grace
Therefore the illusory energy [maya] gives him
A.C.Bhaktivedanta Swami Srila Prabhupada all kinds of misery in his material existence.
In the material condition, the living entity is
A conditioned soul condemns the supreme sometimes raised to higher planetary systems
creator when he meets reverses. Sometimes he and enjoys material prosperity and sometimes
accuses the Supreme Personality of Godhead of he is drowned in a hellish situation. His state
being unjust because some people are happy is exactly like that of a criminal whom a king
and some are not. Here the Queen blames punishes by forcibly submerging him in water
supreme providence for her son's death. repeatedly. If the conditioned soul becomes
Following the general laws of creation, a father Krishna conscious by the mercy of saintly
should die first and then his son. If the creative persons who voluntarily preach scriptural
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Issue no 104, Page — 6 nityaà bhägavata-sevayä
injunctions and help him to become Krishna Lord Çré Krishna. If those who desire material
conscious, he is liberated from the clutches of enjoyment or merging into the existence of
maya, who gives him up.” the Absolute Truth also engage in the Lord
It is further stated in Caitanya-caritämåta Krishna’s transcendental loving service, they
(Madhya 22.12-15, 24-25, 33, 35, 37, 41): “Apart will immediately attain shelter at His lotus feet,
from the ever-liberated devotees, there are the although they did not ask for it. Krishna is
conditioned souls who always turn away from therefore understood to be very merciful. When
the service of the Lord. They are perpetually someone engages in Lord Krishna’s devotional
conditioned in this material world and are service for the satisfaction of the senses and
subjected to the material tribulations brought instead acquires a taste to serve Krishna, he
about by different bodily forms in various gives up his material desires and willingly offers
hellish conditions. Due to his being opposed to himself as an eternal servant of Krishna.”
Krishna consciousness, the conditioned soul is — Çré Caitanya-bhägavata » Madhya-khaëòa 1.234 Çréla
punished by the witch of the external energy, Våndävana däsa Öhäkura. With English Translation of the
maya. He is thus ready to suffer the threefold Gauòéya-bhäñya Commentary and Chapter Summaries of His
miseries—miseries brought about by the body Divine Grace Çré Çrémad Bhaktisiddhänta Sarasvaté Gosvämé
and mind, the inimical behavior of other living Mahäräja Translated by Bhumipati Däsa.
entities and natural disturbances caused by the
demigods. In this way the conditioned soul Material Life In All Its Complexities
becomes the servant of material desires, and Srila Bhaktisiddhanta Saraswati Thakura
when these are not fulfilled, he becomes a
servant of anger and continues to be kicked by
What is material desire?
the external energy, maya. Wandering aimlessly
throughout the universe, he may by chance get “To maintain a mentality that “I will simply
the association of a devotee ‘physician’, whose enjoy sense gratification as long as I live in this
instructions and hymns make the witch of the world.” is called material desire.
external energy flee. The conditioned soul thus
gets into touch with the devotional service of What is the nature of this material
Lord Krishna, and in this way he can gradually world?
approach the Lord. The living entity is bound Those akiïcana devotees who want nothing
around the neck by the chains of maya because from this world understand that there is nothing
he has forgotten that he is eternally a servant of in this world that can give us eternal happiness.
Krishna. If he engages in the service of the Lord There is no eternal happiness in this world. The
and simultaneously carries out the orders of his material world is considered a prison house
spiritual master and serves him, the conditioned for conditioned souls. We are imprisoned here
soul can get out of the clutches of maya and because we are averse to Krishna. This is the
become eligible for shelter at Krishna’s lotus feet. cause of our unlimited miseries and distresses.
One is immediately freed from the clutches of According to the dictation of the mind, which
maya if he seriously and sincerely says, ‘My dear is compared to the superintendent of a prison
Lord Krishna, although I have forgotten You for house, we think our lesser miseries to be
so many long years in the material world, today happiness and our greater miseries suffering.
I am surrendering unto You. I am Your sincere Fools who run after material happiness find
and serious servant. Please engage me in Your themselves completely entangled in Maya’s
service.’ Due to bad association, the living network.
entity desires material happiness, liberation or Attached householders think, “Becoming
merging into the impersonal aspect of the Lord, householders will make us happy. We will find
or he engages in mystic yoga for material power. ourselves some servants and will understand
If such a person actually becomes intelligent, everything we want to know through the
he takes to Krishna consciousness by engaging manipulation of our senses.” The desire to
himself in one pointed devotional service to become politicians, literateurs, scholars,
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aristocrats, philanthropists, national leaders, and
moral workers is simply an attempt to master the
illusory energy. But Prahlada Maharaja warned
us not to engage our senses in external activity
or to aspire for selfish interest.
We think we have become masters in this world
because we have become attached to family life
and have accepted the body as the self. We think
the material world and everything in it is meant
for our enjoyment. Earth, water, fire, air, ether,
sun, moon, planets, stars, animals, birds, trees,
and creepers— we imagine that all these have
been placed here for us to enjoy. Along with
that idea, we think everyone and everything
here is intended to serve us. We never think
about the actual purpose of this material world
which is that it is an ingredient for the Supreme
Lord’s worship. If we are not worshiping Hari,
we have no right to take even a blade of grass
from this world.
Such uphill work is a most puzzling task.
Why is this material world full of miseries? Çrémad-Bhägavatam has instructed us to
reject this “ uphill work” , or Ravana’s policy of
The Lord says to the embodied living entities,
building a staircase to heaven.
“I have arranged all these miseries and dangers
not to give you trouble but to teach you that There are two ways to look at things. One
such miseries (which result from material can, for instance, try to forcibly see the sun
pleasure) are not inevitable and that you should at night with the help of a lamp. Alternatively,
search after the supremely covetable eternal one can wait until sunrise and see the sun with
happiness.” the help of the sunshine itself. If one wants
material prosperity, one is bound to adopt the
ascending path. If one wants to tread the path
What is Maya? of jìäna (cultivation of knowledge), karma
Maya literally mean “that which is not” ( (fruitive work), or yoga, he must strenuously
illusion). Maya is that which we can measure. endeavor. But the ascending path will always
All temporary perishable objects are Maya. That remain incomplete. A twenty-year civilization
which is not the Supreme Lord is Maya. The or experience will prove faulty and incomplete
Supreme Lord is Maya’s controller and no one before a one hundred-year civilization or
can measure Him. According to the Christians, experience. Two hundred years of experience
Godhead is separate from Satan, but the Maya may seem silly in the eyes of a thousand years
described in Çrémad-Bhägavatam is not like of experience. Intelligent persons do not follow
that. According to the Bhägavata school Maya the ascending path but the descending path,
is present in the Supreme Lord, although, being which is based on real experience which is
ashamed of her role to rectify the living entities handed down by the truly learned.
who are averse to Krishna by punishing them,
she stays a little distant from Him.
Why do so few in this world respect a
real devotee?
What is the ascending path (self-help In a world full of cheating and deception ,
method) ? greater cheaters and deceivers are venerated.
The ascending path can be compared to Pure devotees who do not misguide people are
Ravana’s attempt to build a staircase to heaven.
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Issue no 104, Page — 8 nityaà bhägavata-sevayä
never respected in this world. It has become our aversion to the Lord and our attachment
fashionable to be cheated by those who to sense gratification will gradually diminish
misguide people even in the name of hari- if we, willingly or even unwillingly, chant the
kathä (spiritual teaching). Genuine devotees holy name and serve the Supreme Lord. As we
and those who expose non-devotees are often are cured, we will taste the sweetness of the
mistaken for ordinary people. This is because Lord’s service and the sweet holy name will
non-devotees and cheaters mislead ordinary automatically engage our spiritual senses in the
people by calling the real devotees thieves. In service of the transcendent Lord.
this way they try to prop up their own cheating.
The illusory energy does not allow the living What is our primary mistake and how
entities to become sincere at any cost. Therefore have we tried to rectify it?
she arranges various tricks to keep people away We all want to be happy, but we have mistaken
from the association of real devotees. distress for happiness. We often call a doctor to
treat our illness, but if, we advise him to prescribe
What kind of people find fault with a cure of our choice, instead of following his
Vaisnavas? prescription , then how can we be cured?
Only those who are averse to Lord Hari Similarly, after accepting a spiritual master, if
and whose sole capacities are their defective we act whimsically rather than following his
material senses will find fault with Vaisnavas. In instruction, how will we be benefited? That is
Bhagavad-gétä Lord Krishna emphatically states why a flatterer cannot be a doctor. If a flattering ‘
that His devotees never perish. Thus, can those doctor’prescribes according to the patient’s taste
who worship the Lord without deviation ever only to collect his fee , instead of prescribing
fall down? They certainly achieve perfection. suitable medicine and diet,, then although the
Since our vision is polluted, we find fault with patient may gain temporary relief, his disease
others and thereby ruin ourselves. When we will not be cured.
thus become materialists we are deprived of —Amrta Vani: Words of Immortality by Srila Bhaktisiddhanta,
service to guru and Krishna. We think of the Chapter 11, Material life Published by Éçvara däsa.
trouble of others because we ourselves are in
trouble. Because we are full of faults we find
fault with others. If we can take up the duty of
self-correction, we will then find that we have
no time to find fault with others.
!! Sri Sri Nitai Gaurchandra Jayati !!
Can our malady of mind be defined? ISKCON
Our main ‘disease’ is that we seek material Bhagavata Mahavidyalaya
involvement and accumulate things unrelated is a branch of
International Society for Krishna Consciousness
to Krishna, simply for sense gratification. We Founder-Äcärya: His Divine Grace
A.C. BhaktiVedanta Swami Prabhupāda
derive happiness from sense gratification, but
we do not find pleasure in chanting and serving Editor
Brajsunder Das
the Supreme Lord, who is the ultimate object
of all enjoyment. This is our misfortune. Just as Copy Editor
Isha Prakash Das
a jaundice patient does not relish sugar candy,
we who are attached to sense gratification do Sanskrit Editor,
Vrajsevika Devi Dasi
not relish the sweetness of holy names or the
Lord’s service. When the body is poisoned, Assistance
even honey tastes bitter. Rasa Manjari Devi Dasi
Quotations from the books, letters, and lectures of
Still, sugar candy is the only medicine for
His Divine Grace A.C. BhaktiVedanta Swami Prabhupada
jaundice. As one takes the medicine, the sugar ©Bhaktivedanta Book Trust International.
candy gradually begins to taste sweet. Similarly, ©All the paintings are copyrights of their respective artists.

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