Poem

MICRO - 85 EB
Technical Reference
Version 3.0
Technical Clarification /Suggestion :

/
Technical Support Division,
Vi Microsystems Pvt. Ltd.,
Plot No :75,Electronics Estate,
Perungudi,Chennai - 600 096,INDIA.
Ph: 91- 44-2496 3142, 91-44-2496 1852
Mail : sales@vimicrosystems.com,
Web : www.vimicrosystems.com
PREFACE
The Micro-85 EB Technical Reference Manual is presented with an aim to cover the technical
details of two of our 8085 based Microprocessor Trainers Model Micro-85 EB1 & Micro-85
EB2. The difference between the two models has been mentioned through out this manual,
wherever necessary.
Starting with a note on aspects concerning installation and precautionary measures, we proceed
to Chapter 1 which briefs the hardware and software features of the trainer. The ensuing
chapters elaborate upon these features.
Chapter 2 deals with the hardware features of the trainer in detail. Complete information
regarding the I/O and memory addresses and allocation can be obtained from this chapter.
Chapter 3 explains the working of all the keys available in the keypad with a full set of examples.
To put you at ease, each example is accompanied by the corresponding display format.
Chapter 4 gives you the actual method of implementing your programs in the trainer, with tips
to debug your programs effectively.
Chapter 5 has a discussion on the system calls provided by the monitor.
Chapter 6 illustrates the connector details to aid in external peripheral interfacing for
development.
CPU details, Instruction set, pin details of the ICs used, circuit diagrams and component layouts
are covered in the Appendices.
We welcome suggestions for further improvement of this manual.
Write to:
The Customer-Support Division,
Plot No.75, Electronics Estate,
Perungudi, CHENNAI - 600 096.
Phone # : (044) 2496 1842.

Fax # : (044) 2496 1536.
CONTENTS
CHAPTER PAGE No.
INSTALLATION PROCEDURE
1 GENERAL INFORMATION
1.1 Introduction .................................................................. 1-1

1.2 Specifications ................................................................ 1-2
2 HARDWARE DETAILS
2.1 Introduction .................................................................. 2-1

2.2 Basic Functional Block Diagram................................... 2-1
2.3 Memory Configuration ................................................. 2-4
2.4 Battery Backup ............................................................. 2-5
2.5 Allocation of I/O Addresses ........................................ 2-6
2.6 Timer Interface (U14) .................................................. 2-7
2.7 RS232C Serial Interface (U14,U17,U18) ............................ 2-8
2.8 Parallel I/O Interface (U3.U19) ........................................... 2-9
2.9 Keyboard/Display Interface (U10) ............................... 2-10
2.10 Audio Cassette Interface (U6,U9) ............................... 2-11
2.11 Bus Expansion ............................................................. 2-11
2.12 8K/32K Memory Jumper Configuration ..................... 2-12
2.13 Jumper Position and Details ........................................ 2-13
3 KEY FUNCTIONS
3.1 Introduction ................................................................. 3-1

3.2 Substitute Memory Command ..................................... 3-5
3.3 Register Command ...................................................... 3-9
3.4 Go & Execute Command with Break-Point ................ 3-12
3.5 Single Step Command ................................................. 3-16
3.6 Fill Command .................................................................... 3-17
3.7 Block Move Command ...................................................... 3-20
3.8 Compare Command ............................................................ 3-23
3.9 Insert Command ................................................................. 3-29
3.10 Delete Command ................................................................ 3-32
3.11 Input Command .................................................................. 3-34
3.12 Output Command ............................................................... 3-36
3.13 Serial Input Command ....................................................... 3-38
3.14 Serial Output Command ..................................................... 3-41
3.15 Tape Write Command ........................................................ 3-43
3.16 Tape Read Command ......................................................... 3-45
3.17 Block Search Command ..................................................... 3-47
3.18 Blank Check Command ..................................................... 3-49
3.19 Hardware Single Step Command ....................................... 3-52
4 USER PROGRAM EXECUTION
4.1 Introduction ................................................................. 4-1

4.2 Writing a Program ...................................................... 4-1
4.3 Entering & Executing the Program ............................. 4-2
4.4 Assembler List out ........................................................ 4-10
5 MONITOR SYSTEM CALLS
5.1 Introduction ................................................................. 5-1

5.2 System Calls Description ............................................ 5-1
6 CONNECTOR DETAILS
6.1 Introduction ................................................................. 6-1

6.2 Connector Layout ........................................................ 6-2
6.3 Multi Input Power Connector (P1) .............................. 6-7
6.4 +5V Power Connector (P2) ......................................... 6-7
6.5 CPU Interrupt Connector (P3) .................................... 6-7
6.6 SID & SOD Connector (P4) ....................................... 6-8
6.7 Parallel Port Connector (P5,P12) ................................ 6-9
6.8 VXT-Bus Connector (P6) ............................................ 6-9
6.9 Timer Port Connector (P7) .......................................... 6-10
6.10 Serial Port Connector (P8) .......................................... 6-12
LIST OF APPENDICES
Appendix A IC Pinouts ........................................................................... A-1
Appendix B CPU Data Sheets ................................................................. B-1
Appendix C Instruction Set of 8085A .................................................... C-1
Appendix D System Calls Quick Reference Card ................................... D-1
Appendix E Component Layout .............................................................. E-1
Appendix F Serial Cable Configuration .................................................. F-1
Appendix G Jumper Details .................................................................... G-1
Appendix H Circuit Diagram .................................................................. H-1

The Micro-85 EB which you have acquired is undisputably a product of great value and hence has
to be preserved in the proper manner. Hence here are a few guidelines as to how you should use
the trainer. At any stage please follow these hints to learn the maximum possible about the
software programming and interfacing aspects of the 8-bit processor 8085A.
Unpacking the trainer package you will observe the following:
i) Micro-85 EB Trainer
ii) A Technical Reference Manual
iii) A User Manual / Workbook [Optional]
iv) A Power Supply
It comes with an external power supply. Hence, connect the trainer to the +5V DC power supply
provided. You may refer to the figure below for locating the power connector.

INSTALLATION
* TURN ON the power-switch of the power supply. The light glows to indicate the power
availability.
* The trainer is issued a "Power On Reset" and the message shown below is displayed in the
display.
* If the message displayed is not as below, then press "RES" key and check for the same message.
* If there is a persistent problem, please contact our Customer Support Division before
proceeding further.
PRECAUTIONS
To utilize the trainer to your advantage you are advised to confirm to certain basic norms, and
adhere to certain precautionary measures listed below as dont's.
DONT'S
i) Please do not insert any add-on card while the trainer is powered ON.
ii) Please do not tamper with any of the components in the trainer.
iii) Please do not solder any wire from connectors when the power is up.
iv) Wires are to be soldered only from the solder side of the board.
v) The 26 and 50 pin headers should be used only with cables and not with wires soldered from
the pins.
vi) Do not attempt to service the trainer in case of problems.

1
GENERAL INFORMATION
1.1 INTRODUCTION
This chapter briefs the hardware and software facilities available in both the trainers. Micro - 85 EB1
and Micro - 85 EB2. Micro-85 EB1 is a powerfull Microprocessor Trainer with basic features such
as 24 TTL lines using 8255, Hardware Single Stepping and Software Single Stepping of user
programs.
In addition to the above features, it has RS232C compilable serial port and USB to RS232 bridge
converter, Bus Expansion for interfacing VBMB series of add-on cards, 24 TTL I/O lines and 8
Nos of Digital inputs and 8 Nos of digital outputs. A separate switch is provided for learning more
about hardware interrupts. There is also provision to add multioutput power supply for interfacing
experiment boards. Most of the control signals are terminated at test points for easy analysis on
CRO or logic probe.
The differences in the specification of Micro-85 EB1 and Micro-85 EB2 are highlighted in this
manual. The users are therefore requested to go through the Hardware specification carefully.
Vi Microsystems Pvt. Ltd., [ 1 -1 ]

MICRO-85EB TECHNICAL REFERENCE GENERAL INFORMATION
1.2 SPECIFICATIONS
1.2.1 HARDWARE SPECIFICATIONS
1. Processor, Clock Frequency
Intel 8085A at 6.144 MHz clock.
2 MEMORY
Monitor EPROM : 0000 - 1FFF

EPROM~ Expansion : 2000 - 3FFF & C000 - FFFF
System RAM : 4000 - 5FFF
Monitor Data Area : 4000 - 40FF (Reserved)
User RAM Area : 4100 - 5FFF
RAM~ Expansion : 6000 - BFFF
Note: The RAM area from 4000 - 40FF should not be accessed by the user since it is used as
scratch pad by the Monitor program.
3 INPUT/OUTPUT
Parallel : 48 TTL I/O lines using two numbers of 8255
Serial~ : One number of RS232C compatible Serial Interface using 8251A USART.
Timer : Three channel 16-bit Programmable Timer using 8253.
~Channel 0 is used as baud rate clock generator for 8251A USART.
Channel 1 is used for in single stepping user programs.
Channel 2 is used for Hardware Single Stepping user Programs.
4 DISPLAY
6 digit, 0.3", 7 Segment Red LED Display with filter. 4 digits for address display and 2 digits
for data display.
5 KEYBOARD
21 Keys soft keyboard including command keys and hexadecimal keys.
6) AUDIO CASSETTE INTERFACE with file management.

7) BATTERY BACKUP~ :
Onboard Battery backup facility is provided for the available RAM.
8) HARDWARE SINGLE STEP:
This facility allows the user to execute programs at machine cycle level using a separate switch.
9) SYSTEM POWER CONSUMPTION:
Micro-85 EB2 Micro-85 EB1
+ 5 V @ 1 Amp +5V @ 500 mA

+ 12 V @ 200 mA
- 12 V @ 100 mA
10) POWER SUPPLY SPECIFICATIONS: [External]
Micro-85 EB2 Micro-85 EB1
Input : 230 V AC @ 50 Hz 230V AC @ 50 Hz

Output : + 5 V @ 3A +5 V @ 600 mA
+ 12 V @ 250 mA
- 12 V @ 250 mA
+ 30 V @ 250 mA
(Unregulated)
11) PHYSICAL CHARACTERISTICS:
Micro-85 EB PCB : 230mm x 170mm [L x B]

Weight : 1 Kg.
12) BUS EXPANSION:
A VXT-Bus has been incorporated in Micro-85 EB which facilitates to patch up any extra hardware
to Micro-85 EB . All address, data and control signals are brought out to this bus. Using VXT-Bus
all VBMB boards can be interfaced with Micro-85 EB.
13) TEST POINTS:
Test points provided for MR*, MW*, INTA*, IO/M*, IOR*, IOW*, S0, S1, INTA. This enables
the user to study the hardware timing, easily.

1.2.2 SOFTWARE SPECIFICATIONS
Micro-85 EB contains a high performance 8K bytes monitor program. It is designed to respond to

user input, RS232C serial communications, tape interface etc. The following is a simple description
of the key functions. Out of the 21 keys in the keyboard 16 are hexadecimal, command and register
keys and the remaining are stand alone keys.
KEY FUNCTION SUMMARY
This RES key allows you to terminate any present activity

and to return your Micro-85 EB to an initialized state.
RES When pressed, the :--85" sign-on message appears in
the display for a few seconds and the monitor will
display command Prompt "-" in the left most digit.
INT Maskable interrupt connected to CPU's RST

7.5interrupt
DEC Decrement the address by one and display it contents

(or)Display the previous register contents.
EXEC Execute a particular program after selecting the

address through GO command.
NEXT Increment address by one and display its contents

(or) Display the next register content.

The 16 Hexa decimal keys have either a dual or a triple role to play.
i) It functions as a Hex key entry when a address or data entry is required.
ii) It functions as the Register key entry during Register command.
iii) It functions as command key when pressed directly after command prompt.
NOTE: The Hex-key function summary below is in the order:
i) hex key
ii) command key
iii) register key.
KEY FUNCTION SUMMARY
i. Hex key entry "0"

0 ii. This key is for substituting memory content
E When NEXT key is pressed immediately after this
SUB it takes the user to the start address for entering user
programs, 4100 Hex (User RAM).
iii. Register key "E"
1 i. Hex key entry "1"

D ii. Examine the 8085A registers and modify the same.
REG iii. Register key "D

C ii. Writes data from memory on to audio tape.
TW iii. Register key "C"

B ii. Retrieve data from an audio tape to memory.
TR iii. Register key "B"


F ii. Block search for a byte.
BLOC iii. Register key "F

A ii. Fill a block of RAM memory with desired data.
FILL iii. Register key "A"

L ii. Transmit/Receive data to/from the serial port.
SER The TW/TR keys are used for sending/receiving
respectively.
iii. Register key "L"
7
H i. Hex key entry "7"
F2 ii. Register key "H"

I ii. Start running a particular program.
GO iii. Register key "I"

PL ii. Single step a program instruction by instruction.
SNG iii. Register key "PCL"
i. Hex key entry "A"

A ii. Function key F3
PH F3 [0] = Input a byte from a port
F3 F3 [1] = Output a byte to a port
iii. Register key "PCH"
iv. Used with SNG key for hardware single stepping.

B i. Hex key entry "B"

SL ii. Check a particular block for blank.
BC iii. Register key "SPL"
C i. Hex key entry "C"

SH ii. Move block of memory to another block.
MOV iii. Register key "SPH"
D i. Hex key entry "D"

ii. Compare two memory blocks.
CMP
E i. Hex key entry "E"

ii. Insert bytes into memory (RAM).
INS
F
i. Hex key entry "F"
ii. Delete bytes from memory (RAM).
DEL

2
HARDWARE DETAILS
2.1 INTRODUCTION
The detailed hardware anatomy of Micro-85 EB, explained in this chapter, highlights on each and
every technical detail concerned with memory and peripheral interfacing.
2.2 BASIC FUNCTIONAL BLOCK DIAGRAM
Figure F2.1 is the Functional Block Diagram for Micro-85 EB. The functional block diagram
provides the complete system design in blocks. Have a careful look at the component layout for
the exact location of the connectors, ICs and so on. The component layout is provided in the
Appendix for your reference.
2.2.1 FUNCTIONAL BLOCK DIAGRAM DESCRIPTION
Referring to Figure F2.1 the following explanation outlines the working of the trainer as a system.
i. Inputs to and Outputs from the CPU
The CPU gets the clock from the clock generator which is a crystal at 6.144 MHz. The reset*,
interrupt lines, and data lines are also inputs to the CPU. The CPU outputs comprise the clock,
reset, address lines, data lines and control lines.
ii. Address and Data bus
The lower order address lines are latched using ALE and thus demultiplexer from the data lines. The
higher-order address lines are taken directly from the 8085. These two sets of lines makes the 16 bit
address bus. The 8 data lines are taken directly from the 8085.

MICRO-85EB TECHNICAL REFERENCE HARDWARE DETAILS
Fig. F2.1 Micro-85 EB Basic Functional Block Diagram

iii. Control Bus
The other bus is the control bus. The control signals required for proper operation of the system
are the IOR* (I/O Read), IOW* (I/O Write), MR* (Memory Read) and MW* (Memory Write). The
peripherals on the trainer are all I/O mapped and hence to input from or output to a peripheral
IOR* and IOW* are utilised. The memory read and memory write signals are used to enable an
EPROM & RAM and write into a RAM respectively. These signals are generated from the IO/M*
and WR*, RD* signals.
iv. Chip Select Logic
The selection of any peripheral or memory requires a CS* to enable that particular device. This
requires address decoding, both memory and I/O.
All the above signals address, data, control and chip select are routed to all the peripherals and
memory devices in the trainer.
v. Keypad and Display
The block diagram shows a 21 keys keyboard and an eight digit display. This is the unit which the
user communicates with the system. This is the unit with which the user communicates with the
system. The keypad and display are interfaced with the CPU with the help of an 8273, I/O mapped
with the CPU. The display is driven by display drivers driven by the KDC (8279). The keyboard
lines are encoded and sent to the KDC.
vi. Memory
The block diagram shows an 8 KB EPROM or 32 KB EPROM and an 8 KB RAM or 32 KB RAM.
vii. Peripherals
The 8253 TIMER for baud clock generation and single step operation; the 8251 USART for serial
communication with associated drivers for interference immunity and overcoming attenuation; the
8255 PPI for TTL I/O drivers; the audio cassette interface are also depicted in the block diagram.
System expansion is facilitated by virtue of the expansion slots provided on board.

2.3 MEMORY CONFIGURATION
This section explains the Memory Mapping facilities available on the Micro-85 EB. The memory
configuration of Micro-85 EB is given in Figure-F2.2 from which a clear idea about the memory
allocation can be had.
FIG. F 2.2 Memory Allocation Table for Micro-85 EB

2.3.1 ALLOCATION OF EPROM
The Micro-85 EB has a standard EPROM configuration of 8K Bytes using one 2764(8K x 8
EPROM). The address for the basic EPROM is 0000 - 1FFF.
START END SOCKET IC USED TOTAL

ADDRESS ADDRESS NO. CAPACITY
0000 1FFF U16, (U19 for 2764 × 1 8K Bytes
Rev 5)
2.3.2 ALLOCATION OF RAM
The standard Micro-85 EB comes with 8K bytes of Random Access Memory using one 6264 (8K
x 8 RAM), whose address is from 4000 - 5FFF, out of which the first FF locations are used by the
system for its data buffers. Hence User RAM area starts from 4100.
START END SOCKET IC USED TOTAL

ADDRESS ADDRESS NO. CAPACITY
4000 5FFF U15, (U16 for 6264 × 1 8K Bytes
rev5)
2.3.3 MEMORY EXPANSION
Apart from the basic EPROM and RAM at addresses 0000 -1FFF and 4000 - 5FFF respectively, the
address 2000 - 3FFF and , C000 - FFFF is meant for EPROM expansion. The addresses for the
expansion shall be as follows:
START END SOCKET NO. IC USED TOTAL

ADDRESS ADDRESS CAPACITY
2000 3FFF &
C000 FFFF U16 (U19 for Rev 5) 27256 32K Bytes
6000 BFFF U15 (U16 for Rev 5) 62256 32K Bytes
2.4 BATTERY BACKUP
Battery Backup facility is provided optionally for 32K RAM from address 4000 - 5FFF (8K) in mode
0 or from 4000 - BFFF (32K) in mode 1 at socket U15. A 3.6V NiCd battery or 3V Lithium Battery
is used which provides power to RAM during power-off and gets charged during power-on. The
data in RAM can be retained to a maximum of 12 hours if the battery has been charged to its
maximum extent.

2.5 ALLOCATION OF I/O ADDRESSES
The peripherals available on Micro-85 EB are all I/O mapped. The complete I/O allocation table
is given in Figure F2.3. As seen from the table, the On-board peripherals occupy I/O addresses
from 00 to 3F. The add-on application boards occupy I/O address from 80 to FF. Apart from
these reserved I/O addresses, the rest are available to the users for their own development purposes.
Succeeding sections briefly describe the various I/O peripherals and interfaces available on Micro-85
EB, emphasizing on the component used, its features, the I/O addresses and connector termination.
The connector pin assignments can be had from "Chapter 6 - Connector Details".
Fig. F 2.3 I/O Allocation Table for MICRO-85EB

2.6 TIMER INTERFACE (U14)
i. DEVICE USED
Intel 8253 - Programmable Interval Timer.
ii. KEY FEATURES OF 8253
3 independent 16-bit counters. Programmable counter modes. Input clock can be upto 2MHz.
Programable count from 2 to 216.
iii. SYSTEM MAPPING
I/O mapped I/O.
iv. CHANNEL 0
Input clock : 1.5 MHz (or) jumper selectable.

Output clock : Depends on selection of baud rate.
Used for : Baud rate generation for 8521 USART.
v. CHANNEL 1

Output clock : Pulse of undetermined frequency.
Used for : Reserved for single step operation.
vi. CHANNEL 2

Output clock : User determined.
Used for : Available for user development.
vii. CONNECTOR TERMINATION
Clock inputs and clock outputs of Channel 2 and 0 are brought out to connector P7 (P10 for
Rev 5) .
viii. I/O ADDRESS
FUNCTION I/O CONNECTOR NO. SOCKET NO.

ADDRESS
Control Register 0B U14, (U20 for Rev5)
Channel 0 08 P7, (P10 for Rev 5) U14, (U20 for Rev5)
Channel 1 09 P7, (P10 for Rev 5) U14, (U20 for Rev5)
Channel 2 0A P7, (P10 for Rev 5) U14 ,(U20 for Rev5)

2.7 RS232C SERIAL INTERFACE ( U14, U17, U18)
i. DEVICE USED
Intel 8251A (U17) - UNIVERSAL SYNCHRONOUS / ASYNCHRONOUS RECEIVER /

TRANSMITTER.
- One number available.
Both synchronous and asynchronous operations. Full duplex, double buffered, transmitter and
receiver. Parity, over run and framing error detection.
iii. SYSTEM MAPPING : I/O mapped I/O.
iv. INPUT CLOCK FOR 8251 : 3.072 MHz.
v. BAUD RATE : 9600.
vi. BAUD CLOCK
Baud clock for 8251 (U17) is programmable, provided by Channel 0 of 8253 (U21).
vii. INITIALIZED TO
9600 Baud rate, 8 data bits, one stop bit and no parity during transmission/reception.
viii. DRIVERS USED
ICL 232 is used for transmitting receiving of characters.
ix. CONNECTOR TERMINATION
The RTS*, CTS*, RxD and TxD lines are terminated at the connector P10, the connector being
standard 9 pin D type male.
x. I/O ADDRESS
FUNCTION I/O CONNECTOR SOCKET

ADDRESS NO. NO.
8251 Control/ Status 05 P8 U17
8251 Data 04 P8 U17

2.8 PARALLEL I/O INTERFACE (U3, U19)
i. DEVICE USED
Intel 8255 - Programmable Peripheral Interface.
24 programmable I/O lines, direct bit set/reset capability. Three modes of operation namely
Basic I/O, Strobed I/O and Bi- directional bus.
iv. I/O ADDRESS:
FUNCTION I/O ADDRESS CONNECTOR NO. SOCKET NO.

I 8255 Control
Register 0F U3
I 8255 Port A 0C P5 U3
I 8255 Port B 0D P5 U3
I 8255 Port C 0E P5 U3
II 8255 Control U19 (U4 for Rev 5)
Register 17 P11 (P6 for Rev 5) U19 (U4 for Rev 5)
II 8255 Port A 14 P11 (P6 for Rev 5) P11 U19 (U4 for Rev 5)
II 8255 Port B 15 (P6 for Rev 5) U19 (U4 for Rev 5)
II 8255 Port C 16

2.9 KEYBOARD / DISPLAY INTERFACE (U10) (U7 for Rev 5)
i. DEVICE USED
Intel 8279 - Keyboard / Display Controller (U10) (U7 for Rev 5).
Simultaneous Keyboard / Display operation.

Programmable modes.
Interrupt output on key entry. Programmable scan timing.
iv. MODE USED
Eight 8-bit character display - left entry for display and Encoded scan keyboard - 2 key lockout
for keyboard.
v. DISPLAY AND KEYBOARD USED
Six digit Seven segment displays for display and a 21 keys keyboard.
vi I/O ADDRESS
FUNCTION I/O ADDRESS CONNECTOR SOCKET NO

NO.
Read keyboard
RAM/WRITE 00 - U10, (U7 for Rev5)
Display RAM
Read status 01 - U10, (U7 for Rev5)
WORD/WRITE
Display RAM

2.10 AUDIO CASSETTE INTERFACE (U6, U9) (U6, U8 for Rev 5)
i. DEVICE USED
8085, SID and SOD lines.
- Filtering and wave shaping networks are provided for reading and writing onto tapes.
- SID for tape read operation
- SOD for tape write operation
ii. KEY FEATURES
File handling capability. A maximum of FF files can be stored in an audio tape.
iv. CONNECTOR TERMINATION
The tape write output is terminated at MIC socket and the tape read input is brought to EAR.
v. I/O ADDRESS
FUNCTION I/O ADDRESS CONNECTOR SOCKET NO

NO
Audio Cassette Write SIM Instruction 8085 P9, (P8 for Rev 5) U9, (U8 for Rev 5)
Audio Cassette Read RIM Instruction P10, (P7 for Rev 5) U9, (U8 for Rev 5)
8085
2.11 BUS EXPANSION
In Micro-85 EB, the hardware expansion facility has been provided through a bus based architecture
consisting of one slot of VXT-Bus.
All the CPU Address lines, Data lines and Control signals are brought out and terminated at the
VXT-Bus connector a direct interface connector for VBMB series cards.
The details of the VXT-Microbus connector can be had in the Chapter "Connector Details".

2.12 8K/32K MEMORY JUMPER CONFIGURATIONS
In Micro-85 EB, socket U16 can accommodate 8K/32K EPROM likewise socket U15 can
accommodate 8K/32K RAM. So jumper configuration is necessary to modify the socket signals.
Jumper J3, J4 & J5 are used for this purpose. The table given below describes the jumper positions
for various memory configuration.
Socket Jumper Memory Position

Details
U15 (U16 for Rev 5) J3 & J4 (J5 & J6 for Rev5) 8K RAM L o o - o R L o o -o R
U15 (U16 for Rev 5) J3 & J4 (J5 & J6 for Rev5) 16K RAM L o - o o R L o - o oR
U15 (U16 for Rev 5) J3 & J4 (J5 & J6 for Rev5) 32K RAM L o - o o R L o - o oR
U16 (U19 for Rev 5) J5 (J8 & J6 for Rev5) 8K/16K Lo o-oR
RAM
U16 (U19 for Rev 5) J5 (J8 for Rev5) 32K EPROM Lo o-oR
L = LEFT
R = RIGHT

2.13 JUMPER POSITION AND DETAILS
JUMPER POSITION DESCRIPTION

J1 A To connect SOD from 8085 Processor to 5 pin
connector P4) (P3 for Rev 5)
J1 B To connect SOD from 8085 processor to MIC output
J2 A To connect SID from 8085 processor to 5 pin
connector (P4) (P3 for rev 5)
J2 B To connect SOD from 8085 processor to 5 pin
connector (P4) (P3 for rev 5)
Close To connect 1.5 MHz clock to CLK 1 of 8253
J6, (J12 for Rev 5)
Open To terminate the CLK0 input of 8253 in the
connector P7 for external use.
J7, (J13 for Rev 5)
J8, (J14 for Rev 5)
Close To configure memory 0000-FFFF for VBMB-011
J9, (J4 for Rev 5) Board
Open To configure memory 0000-FFFF for VBMB-011

Board
J11, (J15 for Rev 5) A To connect with INTR
B To connect with RST 5.5
B To connect with RST 6.5
J10, (for Rev 5 VOUT A To connect with DAC output channel 1
only) VOUT B To connect with DAC output channel 2
VOUT C To connect with DAC output channel 3
VOUT D To connect with DAC output channel 4
J11, (for Rev 5 1 To connect with ADC input channel 1
only) 2 To connect with ADC input channel 3
3 To connect with ADC input channel 6

3
KEY FUNCTIONS
3.1 INTRODUCTION
This chapter describes your "Interaction" or "How you communicate" with your Micro-85 EB
through the keypad. The Micro-85 EB can accept any COMMAND pertaining to the following
Short listed functions once in the Command prompt mode, indicated by a "-" in the leftmost digit
of the 7-segment display.
* Display and Substitute memory locations.
* Display and modify the registers of the CPU.
* Enter and initiate execution of your own programs.
* Debug your program through the single step facility provided by the monitor.
* Write or Read to or from an audio tape.
* Fill a block of RAM memory.
* Move a block of memory to RAM or within RAM.
* Compare two blocks of memory.
* Insert bytes into RAM memory.
* Delete bytes from RAM memory.
* Search a block of memory for a particular byte.
* Search a block of memory for blank locations.
* Input a byte from an input port.
* Output a byte to an output port.
* Transmit or Receive a block of data through the Serial Port (Note: Available only in Micro-
85 EB2).
* Learn the status of address, data and control signals through hardware single step facility.
Vi Microsystems Pvt. Ltd., [3-1]

MICRO-85 EB TECHNICAL REFERENCE KEY FUNCTIONS
Each hexadecimal key has more than one function. Depending on the current state of the monitor,
the keys input will be treated either as a command key or as a hexadecimal key or as a register key.
The syntax notations used in the following descriptions are as follows,
i) <ADDR>, <START ADDR>,

<END ADDR>, <DEST ADDR>
<PROGRAM END ADDR>,
<INSERT ADDR> - 16 bit hex address to be entered by user.
ii) <DATA> - 8 bit data to be entered by user.
iii) <REG. KEY> - A valid Register key entry referring to the Table given
under REG command.
iv) <FILE NAME> - An 8-bit hex data which specifies the file name in Tape
commands.
v) <PORT ADDR> - An 8-bit hex data that specifies an I/O port.
NOTE : Pressing an invalid command key during any operation will display "Err". Certain
functions expect pressing two command keys in succession.
The display uses some notations to display characters which should be known before going further
into this chapter. They are given in Figure F3.1. In the subsequent explanations, the characters
shown are referred to instead of the displays. So, if character referred to is "M" in the Example, the
one displayed will be as shown in the Figure F3.1.

Fig. F3.1 Display Format

The Keyboard layout and the Display organisation for Micro-85 EB is as in Figure F3.2 and F3.3
respectively.
Fig. F3.2 Keyboard Layout
Fig. F3.3 Display Organisation

3.2 SUBSTITUTE MEMORY COMMAND
FUNCTION:
This command is used to examine the contents of selected memory locations & modify (for RAM
only) the contents if desired.
SYNTAX:
0
E < ADDR > NEXT < DATA > NEXT
SUB
PROCEDURE:
i) Press SUB key when prompted for entry.
ii) Enter address to be examined / modified.
iii) Press "NEXT" to confirm the address. Now the contents of that address are displayed in the
data field.
iv) Use "NEXT" key to examine subsequent locations and the "DEC" key to view previous
locations.
v) To modify the contents, enter the new data and press "NEXT" key.
vi) Press INT to terminate the command.
vii) You can go straight from step (i) to step (iv) by pressing "NEXT" immediately after "SUB".
This will take you to user RAM start address 4100.
ERROR CONDITION:
Attempting to modify the contents of a Read-Only or a Non-Existent memory location.
EXAMPLE-1:
To modify the contents of 4100 to 3E and 4101 to 22.

EXAMPLE-1

The above Example-1 is explained using the actual 7-segment display. But this format is not
followed in the subsequent explanations. This is only an example to show how the display format
will be. Using this as a reference, you can follow the forth-coming explanations.
EXAMPLE-2:
To examine a series of memory locations from 4203.
MESSAGE DISPLAYED
KEY PRESSED COMMENTS
ADDRESS FIELD DATA FIELD
SUB
Substitute memory
4 1004 command.
Address to be
2 0042 examined
0 0420
3 4203
NEXT 4203 XX Memory data contents

Next location and the
NEXT 4204 XX memory contents
NEXT 4205 XX
DEC 4204 XX
INT
XX - Undefined Data

EXAMPLE-3:
Attempting to modify contents of an EPROM location, say 0100. This is only an example to
illustrate an erroneous condition.
MESSAGE DISPLAYED
KEY PRESSED COMMENTS
SUB Substitute memory
command.
0 1000 Address to be
modified.
1 0001
0 0010
0 0100
NEXT 0100 XX Memory Contents
0 0100 00 Change data
NEXT Err - Error Message
NOTE : Trying to modify contents of Read Only locations displays an Error message and the
data already present there remains unaltered.

3.3 REGISTER COMMAND
FUNCTION:
To examine and modify the register contents of the CPU.
SYNTAX:
1
D < REG KEY> <DATA> NEXT < DATA > NEXT
REG
PROCEDURE:
i) Press REG key, when prompted for entry.
ii) Refer either Table-1 given below for the register key corresponding to the register, desired
to modify or view.
iii) Press the respective Register key.
iv) Use NEXT or DEC keys to view the subsequent or the previous register in the order as
given in the table.
v) Change data to any register if desired and press "NEXT" to confirm it.
vi) The sequence is circular and therefore pressing NEXT after the last register in order, will
again display the first one.
vii) Press INT to terminate this command.

Table-1 Register Keys and Display Acronyms
Vi Microsystems Pvt. Ltd., [ 3 - 10 ]

EXAMPLE-1:
Examine a series of registers and modify register B to 45.
MESSAGE DISPLAYED
KEY COMMENTS
PRESSED ADDRESS DATA FIELD
FIELD
REG .
Examine register command
3 b XX Register key ‘B’
4 b 04 Change data to 45
5 b 45 Update data and display

next register in order.
NEXT F XX Subsequent or previous
register is displayed,
NEXT A XX depending upon NEXT or
DEC Key
NEXT L XX
NEXT H XX
DEC L XX
DEC A XX
INT Command terminator

3.4 GO & EXECUTE COMMAND WITH BREAK-POINT
3.4.1 GO & EXEC COMMAND
FUNCTION:
The GO command is used to RUN a program. This command transfers control of the 8085A
CPU from the keypad monitor to user programs.
SYNTAX:
8
I < ADDR> EXEC
GO
PROCEDURE:
i) Press GO key when prompted for entry.
ii) The address displayed is the current contents of PC.
iii) Enter address from where execution should start.
iv) Press "EXEC" to begin program execution.
v) Now "E" is displayed in the status field and control is transferred to the address entered by
you.
vi) To exit from the execution and to return control to the monitor, press either "RES" or
"INT" key.
vii) If you press "RES", the control is returned to the monitor and the registers are reinitialized
i.e., their previous values are lost.
viii) If the "INT" key is pressed, it just returns control to monitor and does not save any
registers.
ix) Another way to return control to monitor while saving all registers is to use RST 01
instruction with opcode CF at the end of the program.
NOTE: Before transferring control from Keypad monitor to User programs, the register
contents are updated using their respective buffers.
For instance, if you initialize A = 23, and then use the GO and EXEC command, "A"
will be updated to 23 before executing the User program.

EXAMPLE:
To start the execution of a User program at 4200.
MESSAGE DISPLAYED
KEY COMMENTS
FIELD
GO XXXX Go command current PC
contents are displayed as
XXXX.
4 1004 Enter start address from
where execution has to start
2 0042
0 0420
0 4200
Transfer control to user
EXEC E program

3.4.2 GO & EXEC WITH BREAK-POINT
FUNCTION:
This command executes a block of program whose start and end address are specified. It is
equivalent to pressing INTR key while the program is being executed.
SYNTAX:
8 < BREAK
I < ADDR > NEXT POINT EXEC
GO ADDR >
PROCEDURE:
i) Press GO key when prompted for entry.
ii) Enter address from where execution should start and press "NEXT" to confirm it.
iii) Enter the break-point address and press "EXEC" key.
iv) The program is executed only till the break-point. After reaching break-point, the registers
are all saved up and the break address and its contents are displayed.
v) Press "RES" or "INT" to return to monitor command prompt.
NOTE:
i) You cannot break-point an instruction in a Read Only Memory location.
ii) The break-point once set will be cleared up after reaching it. So, break-point address must
be specified each time the program is to be executed with break-point.
iii) The break-point address specified must contain data which will be taken by the processor
as an opcode and not as an operand.
ERROR CONDITIONS:
Attempting to break-point a Read Only or a Non-Existent memory location.

EXAMPLE:
To break-point a program at 4262 whose execution starts at 4250.
MESSAGE DISPLAYED
KEY COMMENTS
FIELD
GO XXXX Go command
4 1004 Current PC is displayed.
2 0042 Enter address to where

control is to be displayed.
5 0420
0 4200
NEXT .
4 1004 Enter address where

program should break.
2 0042
6 0426
2 4262
EXEC Control transferred
4262 XX Breakpoint reached

XX=(4262)
Try the sample programs given in the User Manual using the GO with break-point and observe the
responses.

3.5 SINGLE STEP COMMAND
FUNCTION:
This command helps the user to execute programs in steps i.e, instruction by instruction. This
command will be very helpful while debugging programs.
SYNTAX:
9
PL < ADDR > NEXT
SNG
PROCEDURE:
i) Press the SNG key when prompted for entry.
ii) The address and data field display the current PC contents and the contents of that location
held by PC.
iii) Enter the address from where your program starts and and press NEXT.
iv) Now the first instruction is executed and the registers are updated.
v) The next instruction to be executed and the memory location are displayed now.
vi) Since registers are updated after each individual instruction, you can view the register
contents after any execution of individual instruction.
vii) Press INT to return to monitor and view register or memory locations as desired.
viii) Continue single stepping after viewing register contents, by again going into Single stepping
command.
NOTE: Please refer Chapter 5 "User program Execution" to know the working of this
command during a user program debugging.

3.6 FILL COMMAND
FUNCTION:
This command permits a block of RAM memory to be filled with the desired data byte.
SYNTAX:
5
A <START NEXT <END NEXT <DATA> NEXT
FILL ADDR> START>
PROCEDURE:
i) Press the FILL key when prompted for entry.
ii) Enter start address of block and press NEXT.
iii) Enter the end address of block and press NEXT.
iv) Enter the byte with which the specified block has to be filled and press NEXT.
v) Now, the block will be filled with the specified byte and system returns to monitor.
ERROR CONDITIONS:
i) If the start address > end address.
ii) Attempting to fill a Read-Only or a Non-Existent memory location.

EXAMPLE-1:
To fill a block from 4250 to 4256 with data 35.
MESSAGE DISPLAYED
KEY COMMENTS
FIELD
FILL - S Fill command key.
4 1004 S Start address of block
2 0042 S
5 0420 S
0 4200 S
NEXT . E End address of block
4 1004 E
2 0042 E
5 0425 E
6 4256 ..
NEXT byte
3 byte 03 Data address to be with
5 byte 35
NEXT The block has been filled

now

EXAMPLE-2:
Attempting to fill the EPROM locations from 0000 to 0005 with 2B. This is to illustrate an
error condition only.
MESSAGE DISPLAYED
KEY COMMENTS
FIELD
FILL - S Fill command key.
0 1000 S Start address of block
0 0000 S
NEXT . S
0 1000 S
5 0005 E End address of block
NEXT byte ..
2 byte 02 Data address to be with
E byte 2b
NEXT Err . Error message.

EPROM locations cannot
be written into.
NOTE: Although trying to write into EPROM displays an Error Message, the EPROM contents
will not be altered.

3.7 BLOCK MOVE COMMAND
FUNCTION:
This command moves the contents of a specified block of memory to another block whose start
address is specified (to RAM).
SYNTAX:
C
SH <START NEXT <END NEXT <DEST NEXT
MOV ADDR> START> ADDR>
PROCEDURE:
i) Press the MOV key when prompted for entry.
ii) Enter the start address of the source block and press NEXT. Enter the end address of the
source block desired to be moved to another location and press NEXT.
iii) Enter the destination address, to where the specified block will be moved.
iv) Now press the final NEXT key. The data is moved as specified and the command prompt
is displayed.
NOTE:
i) Actually this command copies the specified block to the destination block byte by byte. The
contents of the source block are not altered.
ii) So, if the destination address specified falls within the source block, then it does not do the
work of the MOVE. The memory locations overlap and filling of locations with a similar
data happens.
iii) The EPROM locations can be copied from but cannot be copied into.
ERROR CONDITIONS:
i) Start address > end address of the source block.
ii) Attempting to move data to EPROM or Non-Existent RAM locations.

EXAMPLE-1:
Move the contents of the block from 5620 to 5637 to the block starting at 5700.
MESSAGE DISPLAYED
KEY COMMENTS
FIELD
MOVE - S Move command
5 1005 S Enter Start address of

source block
6 0056 S
2 0562 S
0 5620 S
NEXT . E Enter End address of block
5 1005 E
6 0056 E
3 0563 E
7 5637 E
NEXT . d Enter destination address ot

which the specified block is
5 1005 d to be moved.
7 0057 d
0 0570 d
0 5700 d
NEXT Data copied

EXAMPLE-2:
To move the contents from 4100 to 4115 to the block at 1000. (1000 is an EPROM location,
please note that this is an illegal condition).
MESSAGE DISPLAYED
KEY COMMENTS
FIELD
MOVE - S Move command

source block
1 0041 S
0 0410 S
0 4100 S
4 1004 E
1 0041 E
1 0411 E
5 4115 E
NEXT . d Destination block address
0 1000 d
NEXT Err . Error message .

Cannot write into EPROM
locations

3.8 COMPARE COMMAND
FUNCTION:
This command compares the contents of two blocks of memory locations and displays addresses
whose contents are not identical.
SYNTAX:
D
<START NEXT <END NEXT <DEST NEXT
CMP ADDR> ADDR> ADDR>
PROCEDURE:
i) Press the CMP key when prompted for entry.
ii) Enter the start address of the source block followed by NEXT and the end address of the
source block followed by NEXT again.
iii) Enter the address of the destination block, with which the contents of the source block are
to be compared.
iv) Comparison will begin after NEXT is pressed.
v) If both the blocks contain identical data, then system returns to prompt to indicate that both
the blocks are equal.
vi) If unequal data is found anywhere in the two blocks, it is then displayed along with the
respective address of the destination block.
vii) Now, further comparison will be done only if the NEXT key is pressed.
viii) So, each and every time an unequal data is encountered press NEXT to continue further
comparison
ix) The system displays command prompt, if the rest of the blocks are equal, or after it has
finished the full comparison between the two blocks.
In the example given here, first fill two blocks with a similar data and then compare them both.
Now, change data within the blocks and check once again using the compare command. This is
a much easier way to understand the CMP command.

EXAMPLE-1:
First fill a block of memory from 4100 to 4130 with a hex data, say 23, and compare the block from
4100 to 4110 with the block from 4120 to 4130. They should be equal.
MESSAGE DISPLAYED
KEY COMMENTS
FIELD
FILL - S Fill command

source block
1 0041 S
0 0410 S
0 4100 S
4 1004 E
1 0041 E
3 0413 E
0 4130 E
NEXT byte . Data to be filled with
2 byte 02
3 byte 23
NEXT Block has been filled with

23.

MESSAGE DISPLAYED
KEY COMMENTS
FIELD
CMP - S Compare command

source block
1 0041 S
0 0410 S
0 4100 S
4 1004 E
1 0041 E
1 0411 E
0 4110 E
NEXT . d Address of destination

block
4 1004 d
1 0041 d
2 0412 d
0 4120 d
NEXT The command prompt

indicates that the two
blocks contain identical data
at corresponding addresses.
Since the two blocks specified contain the same data at respective address locations (ie.) (4100)
= (4120); (4101) = (4121) etc., the compare command returns to the command prompt, to indicate
that the blocks are identical.

EXAMPLE-2:
Now, change data within the block at some locations and check again, using the compare command.
Let us change at locations 4105, 4123, 4127 and 412C to some data, say 45, instead of 23. Use the
SUB command to change the data from 23 to 45 in the above specified four locations.
MESSAGE DISPLAYED
KEY COMMENTS
PRESSED ADDRESS FIELD DATA FIELD
SUB - S Substitute memory command

Enter address where the data
4 1004 S should be changed
1 0041 S
0 0410 S
5 4105 S
NEXT 4105 23
4 4105 04
5 4105 45
NEXT 4106 XX
INT E
SUB . .
4 1004 02 Change data at all the four

locations specified above using
1 0041 23 SUB command.
2 0412
3 4123
NEXT 4123 23
4 4123 04
5 4123 45

KEY MESSAGE DISPLAYED

PRESSED COMMENTS
NEXT 4124 23
NEXT 4125 23
NEXT 4126 23
NEXT 4127 23
4 4127 04
5 4127 45
NEXT 4128 23
NEXT 4129 23
NEXT 412A 23
NEXT 412B 23
412C 412C 04
4 412C 45
5 412C 23
NEXT 412D
INT
CMP . S Compare command
4 1004 S Start address of source block
1 0041 S
0 0140 S
0 4100 S
NEXT . E End address of source block
4 1004 E

MESSAGE DISPLAYED
KEY COMMENTS
FIELD
1 0041 E
1 0411 E
0 4110 E
NEXT . d Address of destination

block
4 1004 d
1 0041 d
2 0412 d
0 4120 d
NEXT 4123 45 (4103) # (4123)
NEXT 4125 23 (4105) # (4125)
NEXT 4127 45 (4107) # (4127)
NEXT 412C 45 (410C) # (412C)
NEXT Block comparison over

3.9 INSERT COMMAND
FUNCTION:
This command inserts the specified bytes in the desired memory location.
SYNTAX:
E <PROGRAM <INSERT <DATA>

END NEXT ADDR> NEXT NEXT
INS ADDR>
PROCEDURE:
i) Press the INS key, when prompted for entry.
ii) To insert bytes into a block of data, first specify the end address of the block and press
NEXT.
iii) Now, enter the insert address which should be within the block and press NEXT.
iv) Enter the number of bytes to insert starting from the insert address followed by NEXT.
v) Now, enter the bytes to be inserted against the addresses displayed followed by NEXT key
every time.
vi) After the specified number of bytes are over, the data entered are written into memory
starting from the insert address and therefore the entire block is shifted below one by one
to make space for the bytes to be inserted.
vii) To terminate the command at any time, press INT.
ERROR CONDITIONS:
i) Inserting into Read-Only or Non-Existent memory locations.
ii) If the Insert address > Program end address.

EXAMPLE-1:
To insert three bytes 3E, 80, and 80 starting at address 4121, the specified block ending at 4200.
MESSAGE DISPLAYED
KEY COMMENTS
FIELD
INS . PE Insert command
4 1004 PE End address of block
2 0042 PE
0 0420 PE Address at which data is to

be inserted
0 4200 PE
NEXT . IA
4 1004 IA
1 0041 IA
2 0412 IA
1 4121 IA
NEXT byte - Enter the number of bytes

to insert
3 byte 03
NEXT 4121 - Enter data to insert at 4121

MESSAGE DISPLAYED
KEY COMMENTS
FIELD
3 4121 03
E 4121 3E
NEXT 4122 . Enter data to insert at 4122
8 4122 08
0 4122 80
NEXT 4123 . Enter data to insert at 4123
8 4123 08
0 4123 80
NEXT 4124 Three data inserted from

4121.
INT
NOTE:
i) To insert bytes into memory, the block from (insert address+1) to the end address specified
is shifted down by one. Now a memory location is free to enter the data. This is what is
actually done in the insert command.
ii) For each and every data to be inserted, the same procedure is followed. If you are to insert
within a program you have entered, check the jump addresses to ensure they are correct
since you have inserted data into the program.

3.10 DELETE COMMAND
FUNCTION:
This command deletes bytes from memory.
SYNTAX:
F
<START NEXT <END NEXT <PROGRAM NEXT
DEL ADDR> ADDR> END
ADDR>
PROCEDURE:
i) Press the DEL key when prompted for entry.
ii) Enter the start address of the block that has to be deleted followed by NEXT key.
iii) Enter the end address of the same block and press NEXT key.
iv) Enter the address at which the program ends followed by NEXT.
v) Now, the block starting from (block end address+1) to the program end address, will be
moved to the block starting from block start address.
ERROR CONDITIONS:
i) Attempting to delete bytes from Read-Only or Non-Existent memory location.
ii) Block start address > Block end address.

EXAMPLE-1:
Delete the block from 4115 to 4120. The end address of the program that contains the block is
4180.
MESSAGE DISPLAYED
KEY COMMENTS
FIELD
DEL . S Delete command
4 1004 S Delete block start address
1 0041 S
1 0411 S
5 4115 S
NEXT . E Delete block end address
4 1004 E
1 0041 E
2 0412 E
0 4120 E
NEXT . PE Address where program

ends.
4 1004 PE
1 0041 PE
0 0418 PE
0 4180 PE
NEXT Data deleted from memory
NOTE : Now if you view at 4115, the data at 4121 would have been moved up here. Similarly,
data from 4122 to 4116 and so on till 4180.

3.11 INPUT COMMAND
FUNCTION:
This command inputs data from the desired port.
SYNTAX:
A 0
PH E <PORTADDR> NEXT NEXT
F3 SUB
PROCEDURE:
i) Press the "F3" key followed by "0" key, when prompted for entry.
ii) Enter the port address which is to be used to input data.
iii) Press NEXT to read data from that port.
iv) To read successive data, just go on pressing NEXT.
v) For each NEXT, the data from the port is input and displayed.
vi) Press INT to terminate the command.

EXAMPLE-1:
Input data from Port Address 11.
MESSAGE DISPLAYED
KEY COMMENTS
FIELD
F3 F3
0 IN Input data command
1 IN 01 Port address = 11
1 IN 11
NEXT XX Data input is displayed
NEXT XX
INT Command terminator

3.12 OUTPUT COMMAND
FUNCTION:
This command outputs data to the desired port.
SYNTAX:
A 1
PH D <PORTADDR> NEXT <DATA> NEXT
F3 REG
PROCEDURE:
i) Press the "F3" key followed by "1" key, when prompted for entry.
ii) Enter the port address which is to be used to output data.
iii) Press the NEXT key and enter the data that has to be output to the specified port.
iv) Now, if the NEXT key is pressed, the data entered is output to the port specified.
v) Similarly, enter any data to be output and press NEXT key.

EXAMPLE-1:
To output data 45, 05 to Port address OC.
MESSAGE DISPLAYED
KEY COMMENTS
FIELD
F3 F3
1 Ou Output command
C Ou 0C Port address to be written

into is 0C.
NEXT byte ..
4 byte 04 Data to be output
5 byte 45
NEXT byte .. Data output
5 byte 05
NEXT byte ..
INT

3.13 SERIAL INPUT COMMAND
FUNCTION:
This command inputs data from the 8251 port of the Micro-85 EB asynchronously.
SYNTAX:
6 3
L B <STARTADDR> NEXT
SER TR
PROCEDURE:
i) Press the SER key when prompted for entry.
ii) Press TR key directly if you want to specify the serial input command.
iii) Now, enter the address from where the data received serially, should be stored followed by
NEXT key.
iv) Now, transmit data from the host system. (Please scan through "NOTE-2" for further
discussion on DATA TRANSMISSION FROM HOST SYSTEMS).
v) The Micro-85 EB receives data and stores it from the given starting address and returns to
the command prompt on receiving the EOF MARK (Refer NOTE-2).
vi) Using "SUB" command check for the data from the starting address specified.

NOTE-1 :
i) An RS232C serial cable should be connected between the two systems.
ii) Ensure that the Baud rate setting of the host system is identical to that set in Micro-85EB.
iii) In Micro-85 EB, the Serial Data format is set as undermentioned. It should be similar at the
host system too.
SERIAL DATA FORMAT OF Micro-85 EB
DATA : 8 Bit
STOP BIT(S) :1
PARITY : None.
NOTE-2 :
i) The EOF mark is a Data string consisting of 5 "?" (3F).
ii) The host may be any system having RS232C Serial port. It can be IBM PC/XT/AT, a Kit
etc.
On a PC to kit communication the "DATACOM" package available with us, directly supports the
EOF Mark.
In a Kit to Kit communication, the EOF Data is directly supported.
While transmitting serial data from any other system ensure that the transmitting system adds 5 "?"
data at the end of transmission.
ERROR CONDITIONS:
i) Writing into a Read-only or a Non-Existent RAM location.
ii) Due to mismatched reception, which can occur if the baud rates, and other communication
parameters are not identical in both the transmitting and the receiving systems.

EXAMPLE:
To serial input from USART starting from address 4150.
MESSAGE DISPLAYED
KEY COMMENTS
FIELD
SER S
TR S Serial input command
4 1004 S Start address of block to

receive data
1 0041 S
5 0415 S
0 4150 S
NEXT Data rC Waiting for data at serial

port. Reception over.
NOTE : Transmit data from the transmitting system only after making the kit into receive mode.
If the trainer receives five 3F, it automatically comes to prompt, else use INT to
terminate the command.

3.14 SERIAL OUTPUT COMMAND
FUNCTION:
This command outputs data serially through the 8251 of the Micro-85 EB asynchronously.
SYNTAX:
6 2
L C <START NEXT <END NEXT
SER TW ADDR> ADDR>
PROCEDURE:
i) Press the SER key when prompted for entry.
ii) Press the TW key directly now, to select serial output command.
iii) Now enter the start address of the block that should be transmitted through the serial port
followed by the NEXT key.
iv) Enter the end address of the block.
v) Ensure that the host system is set in the RECEIVE MODE.
vi) Press the NEXT key and data will be transmitted out serially. Micro-85 EB returns to
command prompt after data transmission is over.
NOTE:
i) Be careful while uploading to another system for that system should be in the receive mode.
If the host is an IBM PC, while using our DATACOM package, make sure you don't keep
the host for a long time in the receive mode. Press the final ENTER key in the host and
then immediately press the final NEXT in the trainer.
ii) If the serial port of the receiving system is not proper, then the trainer waits with the
message.
iii) Make sure your end of file contains five 3F, if you are using our DATACOM package.
More details about the same can be had from CAT #M85EB 002 Chapter 5.

EXAMPLE-1:
To serial output data from 4250 to 4265.
MESSAGE DISPLAYED
KEY COMMENTS
FIELD
SER S Serial input command
TW S
4 1004 S Start address of block.
2 0041 S
5 0425 S
0 4250 S
NEXT . E End address of block to

transmit
4 1004 E
2 0042 E
6 0426 E
5 4265 E
NEXT Data SE Transmitting data

Transmission over
Now, the kit will transmit all the data serially out through COM1 and finally send the five 3F(?).

3.15 TAPE WRITE COMMAND
FUNCTION:
This command writes data from a specified block of memory onto an audio tape.
SYNTAX:
2
C <START NEXT <END NEXT <FILE NEXT
TW ADDR> ADDR> NAME>
PROCEDURE:
i) Press the TW key to specify the tape write operation.
ii) Enter the start address of the block from where data should be stored onto tape followed
by NEXT key.
iii) Enter the end address of the block to be written onto tape followed by NEXT key.
iv) Enter a file name, in which the specified block will be stored. (The file name is a Hex data
from 00 to FF).
v) Keep the tape recorder ready. Insert the audio cassette. Keep treble, bass and volume
controls to maximum.
vi) Depress the PLAY and RECORD key in the tape recorder and the NEXT key in the kit.
vii) Now data will be transmitted from the specified block along with the start address, end
address, the file name and a checksum of all the data in the block.
NOTE:
i) Prior to running the Tape Write Command, ensure that the EAR of tape recorder is
connected to the MIC of the kit, through the cable.
ii) It is advisable to wait for 1 second after pressing RECORD key in tape for the tape motor
to revolve at a constant speed.

EXAMPLE-1:
To write a block of data from 4100 to 4150 onto an audio cassette under the file name 2A.
MESSAGE DISPLAYED
KEY COMMENTS
FIELD
TW - S Start address of block to
write on tape.
4 1004 S
1 0041 S
0 0410 S
0 4100 S
End address of the block t
NEXT . E
4 1004 E
1 0041 E
5 0415 E
0 4150 E
NEXT File . File name under which

it will be stored
2 File 02
A File 2A
NEXT SAVE 2A Saving file onto tape keep

recorder ready before this
key is pressed after writing
data.

3.16 TAPE READ COMMAND
FUNCTION:
This command inputs data from the output of an audio tape recorder where data were stored using
the Tape write command.
SYNTAX:
3
B <FILE NEXT
TR NAME>
PROCEDURE:
i) Press the TR key to specify the tape read command.
ii) Enter the file name, that has to be searched for.
iii) You are not called to enter any addresses, for, the start address of the block will be taken from the
file that is read. (Remember it was written onto tape along with the data).
iv) Rewind the tape and connect the LINE OUT of tape recorder to EAR of the kit. Now press the
PLAY key.
v) The kit reads the data from the tape and starts checking for a file.
vi) If the file is found, the data is loaded, a separate checksum is found and compared with the
checksum read from tape.
vii) If both the checksum match, the system displays command prompt after displaying the start address
where the input file is stored.
ERROR CONDITIONS:
The checksum read from the tape and the calculated checksum are not equal.

EXAMPLE-1:
To read a file named 2A from an audio tape. Assume that the file 2A is the third one in the audio
cassette you have recorded it. Now, if the audio tape has been rewound fully, you should read only
the third file as the required one.
MESSAGE DISPLAYED
KEY COMMENTS
FIELD
TR FILE . Enter the file name that has
to be searched for.
2 FILE 02
A FILE 2A
NEXT . .. Waiting/searching for a file.

Press PLAY of tape
recorder
. XX The file name displayed is

the first one read. This is
not te required one.
. .. Again searching for a file
. YY The second file is displayed.
. 2A This is the required file
LOAD 2A So, start reading data from

file 2A.
4100 2A The address from where

data is stored, while reading
from tape is displayed now.
Command Prompt.

3.17 BLOCK SEARCH COMMAND
FUNCTION:
This command searches a block of memory for a particular byte.
SYNTAX:
4
F <START NEXT <END NEXT <BYTE> NEXT
BLOC ADDR> ADDR>
PROCEDURE:
i) Press the "BLOC" key, when prompted for entry.
ii) Enter the start address of the block to be searched.
iii) Press NEXT to input the start address.
iv) Enter the end address of the memory block.
v) Press NEXT to input the end address.
vi) Enter the data byte to be located.
vii) Press NEXT key to commence search operation.
viii) The display shows successive locations where the data byte is present.
ix) Press NEXT key to find successive locations.
x) Press INTR key to terminate the command.
ERROR CONDITIONS:
i) Start address > End address.

EXAMPLE-1:
Search from 0000 to 1FFF for the byte F3.
MESSAGE DISPLAYED
KEY COMMENTS
FIELD
BLOC . S Block search command
0 1000 S
0 0000 S
0 0000 S
0 0000 S Start address 0000
NEXT . E
1 1001 E
F 001F E
F 01FF E
F 1FFF E End address 1FFFF
NEXT byte ..
F byte 0F Search for F3
3 byte F3
NEXT 0000 F3
NEXT 009B F3
NEXT 0281 F3
NEXT -
INT Terminate search

3.18 BLANK CHECK COMMAND
FUNCTION:
To check a block of memory for locations that do not contain FF.
SYNTAX:
B
SL <START NEXT <END NEXT
BC ADDR> ADDR>
PROCEDURE:
i) Press "BC" key.
ii) Enter start address of block.
iii) Press NEXT.
iv) Enter end address of memory block.
v) Press NEXT.
vi) The display shows successive locations which are not blank with the data in the location.
ERROR CONDITIONS:
i) Attempting to change data to FF.
ii) Start address > End address.

EXAMPLE-1:
Blank check the block from 4100 to 41FF. Using FILL command fill the locations with FF and
then blank check.
MESSAGE DISPLAYED
KEY COMMENTS
FIELD
BC . S Blank check command
4 1004 S
1 0041 S
0 0410 S
0 4100 S Start address
NEXT . E
4 1004 E
1 0041 E
F 041F E
F 41FF E End address
NEXT Block is blank

EXAMPLE-2:
Change data at 4100 to EF. Now blank check the block from 4100 to 41FF.
MESSAGE DISPLAYED
KEY COMMENTS
FIELD
BC . S Blank check command
4 1004 S
1 0041 S
0 0410 S
0 4100 S Start address
NEXT . E
4 1004 E
1 0041 E
F 041F E
F 41FF E End address
NEXT 4100 EF 4100 contains EF. All other

locations in the block are
blank.
NEXT Command terminated.

3.19 HARDWARE SINGLE STEP COMMAND
FUNCTION:
To observe the status of address, data and control lines after the execution of instructions at
machine cycle level.
SYNTAX:
PROCEDURE:
i) Press "F3" key.
ii) Press "SNG" key.
iii) Enter start address of the program.
iv) Press NEXT.
v) Press NCNO switch. When you press NCNO switch. One machine cycle is executed.
You can observe the address and data lines at the appropriate points of 8085.

EXAMPLE:
Move some data for eg. AA to accumulator and see the same at data lines.
MESSAGE DISPLAYED
KEY COMMENTS
FIELD
F3 F3 Hardware single step
command
SNG XXXX XX
4 XXX4 XX
1 XX41 XX
0 X410 XX
0 4100 XX Start address
NEXT 4100 XX
NCNO
NOTE : Test program at 4100 should be as follows
4100 3E
4101 AA
4102 76
Enter the above opcodes at respective locations using `SUB' command. After that execute hardware
single step command, when you press NCNO switch first time you can see AA at data lines and
4101 at address lines. Similarly when you press NCNO switch again you can see 76 at data lines and
4102 at address lines. (To see higher order address, observe at the output points of 74 LS 373).

4
USER PROGRAM EXECUTION
4.1 INTRODUCTION
Now that you have learnt the key functions available on Micro-85 EB , it should be very easy for
you to write a program and either execute it or single step it. This fact may be new to initial stage
programmers and this chapter follows a sequel.
This chapter first explains as to how an 8-bit addition program with object codes is to be written.
The procedure to enter the program into the trainer and execute it are given. Execution of a
program can be done either using the unconditional GO and EXEC command or using the STEP
command.
4.2 WRITING A PROGRAM
The following is a simple 8-bit addition program which involves immediate mode of addressing.
MVI A,23 ;First operand to A.

MVI B,22 ;Second operand to B.
ADD B ;Add two operands.
STA 4200 ;Store result at 4200.
HLT
Now this program is to be entered into the kit in the form of hex codes. These are called object
codes which can be found by referring to the instruction set given in the Micro-85 EB User Manual
CAT #M85EB-002. The object codes for the above program are as follows:

MICRO-85EB TECHNICAL REFERENCE USER PROGRAM EXECUTION
HEX ADDRESS FROM

WHERE PROGRAM IS OBJECT CODES MNEMONICS
TO BE ENTERED
4100 3E MVI A, 23
4101 23
4102 06 MVI B, 22
4103 22
4104 80 ADD B
4105 32 STA 4200
4106 00
4107 42
4108 76 HLT
4.3 ENTERING & EXECUTING THE PROGRAM
To enter the above object codes in the kit, use the SUB (Substitute memory) command. Enter the
data starting from 4100. Now to execute the program make use of the GO and EXEC keys. Check
result at 4200 using SUB command again. The procedure to be followed, to enter and execute the
program is as given in Table-1.
Single-stepping through the Program:
The single step command can be used to execute your program in sequential steps, instruction by
instruction and facilitates debugging the program easily since the results or program flow can be
examined after each instruction.
Now that you know to enter and execute programs, study the User manual and know about writing
programs which is the most important part. In the user manual, the first chapter will give the object
codes in the above mentioned format.
But the programs in the second chapter are assembled using the PC based assembler and the list out
of that assembler has been given. Such an assembler list out is explained in a later section which
should be known before going deep into Chapter 2 of the CAT # M85EB-002.

TABLE - 1

TABLE - 1

TABLE - 1

TABLE - 1

TABLE - 1

TABLE - 1

TABLE - 1

4.4 ASSEMBLER LIST OUT
LINE NO. ADDR OPCODES LABEL MNEMONICS OPERANDS
1 ;Program to familiarize with

2 ;Assembler listouts !
3 00 42 RESULT: ``EQU 4200H
4 4100 ORG 4100H
5 4100 3A 0C 41 LDA (DATA1)
6 4103 47 MOV B,A
7 4104 3A 0D 41 LDA (DATA2)
8 4107 80 ADD B
9 4108 32 00 42 STA (RESULT)
10 410B 76 HLT
11 410C 23 DATA1: DB 23H
12 410D 22 DATA2: DB 22H
13 410E END
The above is a sample assembler list out written in 8085A mnemonics. The program must be written
using Assembler Directives like ORG, EQU, DB, END and many more which are not given here.
Only the basic Assembler Directives are used here. The explanations are as follows:
i) Any line starting with a ";" can be used to write comments for they will not be taken into
assembling.
ii) The "ORG" directive sets the program assembly address. If this directive is not executed, the
assembly address defaults to 0000.
iii) The "EQU" directive equates the labels used in the program to the specified values. The value
specified can be another symbol or any legal arithmetic expression. A label defined using an
"EQU" directive cannot be redefined again.
iv) The "DB" directive stores the value of the expression specified in a 8-bit storage location, the
address of which got in the order or assembling the program. ASCII characters, must be
enclosed within apostrophes (Eg.'A'). If no expression is given, one byte is reserved and
zeroed.
v) Finally, the "END" directive defines the end of a program or an included file. This "END"
directive is a requisite to all programs.
As explained above, these assembler listouts will be used for the hardware examples in the user
manual provided. The second chapter in the User manual does not use this assembler format.

5
MONITOR SYSTEM CALLS
5.1 INTRODUCTION
The monitor program is written in a MODULAR APPROACH. The users can now write their
own program easily and very efficiently, using the monitor program resources.
These resources are essentially SYSTEM SUBROUTINES accessed through a PRINCIPAL

ENTRY POINT. Instead of providing as an Interrupt function, it has been implemented as a
CALL function to the monitor.
Before making a SYSTEM CALL to the monitor, initialize the Function number, Information
number and the pointer, if necessary. The mentioned task under that Function number would be
done after the CALL is made and system returns back to the main program.
The principal entry point for this CALL function is 0005. So, to call a function, set the specified
registers so that the function you are calling knows what to do. Now CALL 0005 and the desired
task is done.
The use of these CALLs makes your programs small and efficient. The following is a summary of
the FUNCTION CALLS.
5.2 SYSTEM CALLS DESCRIPTION
5.2.1 RESET (Function 00)
This function resets the Microprocessor kit
* Input : A = 00
CALL 05
* Output : None
* Registers affected : All Registers

MICRO-85EB TECHNICAL REFERENCE MONITOR SYSTEM CALLS
5.2.2 BLANK DISPLAY (Function 01)
This function blanks the 7 segment display
* Input : A = 01
C = 00,01,02,03
CALL 05
* Output : None
* Result : Blanks the Address field of Display
* Registers : A,B,C,HL,DE affected
a) If C = 00, the Address field display is blanked
b) If C = 01, the data field display is blanked
c) If C = 02, the Status field display is blanked
d) If C = 03, all the digits of display are blanked
5.2.3 DISPLAY DOT (Function 02)
This function displays the DOT in any of the digit depending on the C register content.
* Input : A = 02
C = 00, 01, 02, 03
CALL 05
* Output : None
* Result : Display dot
* Registers : A,B,C,HL,DE affected
a) When C=00, dot will be displayed in the right most digit of the data field.
b) When C=01, dot will be displayed in the right most digit of the address field.
c) When C=02, dot will be displayed in the right most of the upper two digits of the address
field.
d) When C=03, dot will be displayed in the right most digit of the status field.

5.2.4 DISPLAY DATA (Function 03)
This function display the data, which are in the memory addressed by HL Register. Using C register,
data can be displayed in any area of the 7 segment Display (Data Display Area, Address Display
Area and Status Display Area).
* Input : A = 03
C = 00 to 0B
HL = Starting address of the data in the memory
CALL 05
* Output : None
* Result : Displays data in the display
* Registers : A,BC,DE,HL affected
a) When C=00, the data from the memory pointed by the HL register will be displayed in the
leftmost digit of the display. Similarly, when C=01 or 02 or 03 upto 07, data will be
displayed to the particular digit.
b) When C=08, 2 digit data will be displayed in the data field, two digits will be taken from
memory pointed by HL and HL+1.
c) When C=09, 4 digit data will be displayed in the address field.
d) When C=0A, 2 digit data will be displayed in the status field.
e) When C=0B, 8 digit data will be displayed in all the eight digits.
The following Alphanumeric can be displayed in the 7 segment display of the Micro-85 EB .
The subroutine takes care of all conversions for the 7 segment display. The user has to load the
corresponding data in the memory and is not required to do any conversion.

DATA FORMAT FOR 7 SEG DISPLAY
ALPHANUMERIC TO BE CORRESPONDING DATA TO BE

DISPLAYED LOADED IN MEMORY
0 00
1 01
2 02
3 03
4 04
5 05
6 06
7 07
8 08
9 09
A 0A
B 0B
C 0C
D 0D
E 0E
F 0F
BLANK 10
DOT 11
HYPHEN (-) 12
G 13
H 14
L 15
t 16
N 17
n 18
o 19
P 1A
R 1B
r 1C
U 1D
Y 1E
Mu 1F
u 20
l 21
x 26

5.2.5 DISPLAY THE MESSAGE "Err" (Function 04)
This function will display "Err" in the display and after a delay it will jump to command prompt
mode.
* Input : A = 04
CALL 05
* Output : None
* Result : Displays "Err" in display
* Registers : All registers affected
5.2.6 READ FROM KEYBOARD (Function 05)
This function will read a key and return the key code in the A register.
* Input : A = 05
CALL 05
* Output : A = code of the key
* Result : Returns key code in the A register
* Registers : A affected
5.2.7 HEX TO ASCII & ASCII TO HEX CONVERSION (Function 06)
a) Hex to ASCII.
When Reg 'C' is 00 this function converts a hex value to its equivalent ASCII value. The 8 bit hex
data will be converted to 2 ASCII values.
* Input : A = 06
C = 00
L = hex value
CALL 05
* Output : DE register pair will have the ASCII values D-Higher byte, E-Lower bytes
* Result : DE will have the ASCII values
* Registers : A, DE affected
b) ASCII to Hex
When Reg 'C' is 01 this function converts two ASCII values to its equivalent 8 bit Hex value.
* Inputs : A =06
C = 01
H = Higher byte ASCII value
L = Lower byte ASCII value
CALL 05
* Output : A contains the hex value
* Result : A will be returned with the 8 bit hex value
* Registers : A, DE affected

5.2.8 CALCULATE LENGTH OF A BLOCK
This function calculates the length of a block of memory.
* Input : A = 07
HL = Starting address of the memory
BC = End address of block
CALL 05
* Output : DE contains the Block Size
* Result : The Block size is returned in DE register in hex.
If HL>BC, then a calculation error is displayed.
* Registers : A,BC,DE affected
5.2.9 GENERATE TONE (Function 08) (Optional)
This function generates a tone for driving a speaker.
* Input : A = 08
C = 00 or 01
CALL 05
* Output : None
* Result : Generates a constant frequency for the speaker.
* Registers : A,BC,HL affected
a) When C=00, it generates 1 KHz

b) When C=01, it generates 2 KHz
5.2.10 ROUTINE FOR DELAY (Function 09)
* Input : A = 09
HL = Delay value
CALL 05
* Output : None
* Result : The delay time is equal to the value of HL * 6.9 Micro Seconds.
* Registers : A,H,L. affected

6
CONNECTOR DETAILS
6.1 INTRODUCTION
The following is a short list of the connectors available on Micro-85 EB. The sections below define
more on the pin Assignment of the connectors listed below. Each signal referred to below is given
a brief description.
P1 - Multi Input Power Connector

P2 - +5V Power Connector
P3 (P4 for Rev 5) - CPU Interrupt Connector
P4 (P3 for Rev 5) - SID, SOD Connector
P5 - First Parallel Port Connector
P6 (P9 for Rev 5) - VXT-Bus Connector
P7 (P10 for Rev 5) - Timer Port Connector
P8 (P11 for Rev 5) - Serial Port Connector
P9 (P8 for Rev 5) - EAR Input (Audio Cassette)
P10 (P7 for Rev 5) - MIC Output (Audio Cassette)
P11 - Keyboard Connector
P12 (P6 for Rev 5) - Second Parallel Port Connector
i) The signals, VCC and GND have common definitions for all connectors. They are
* VCC = +5 V Power Supply.

* GND = 0 V Reference Ground.
ii) Signals with an "*" to its right are active low signals.
Vi Microsystems Pvt. Ltd., [ 6 - 1]

MICRO-85EB TECHNICAL REFERENCE CONNECTOR DETAILS
6.2 CONNECTOR LAYOUT
Figure F6.1 shows the positioning of the various connectors on the Micro-85 EB trainer. All the
connectors listed above are shown in the connector layout. Please refer to the figure in following
the ensuing description regarding connector details. Each section contains information about the
connector used, the signal description and definition and detail about the mating connector to be
used.
In the figure the connector numbers and the pin numbers in the connector are indicated. You are
requested to refer to the layout while going through the signal description.

Fig. F6.1 Connector Details

Fig. F6.2 Connector Details of Micro-85 EB2

Fig. F 6.2a Connector Details of Micro-85 EB2

Fig. F 6.2b Connector Details of Micro-85 EB2

6.3 MULTI INPUT POWER CONNECTOR (P1)
Connector used:
* Single row 5 pin male connector - Unicon make.

* Spacing between pins 2,3,4,5: 5mm
* Spacing between pins 1 and 2: 7.5mm
Signal Description:
Pin Details
1 GND
2 -12V
3 +12V
4 +30V
5 Vcc
Mating Connector :
Single row 5 pin female connector - Unicon make.
6.4 +5V POWER CONNECTOR (P2)
Connector used :
* EP Socket.
Signal Description :
* Only 5V and ground signal is used.
6.5 CPU INTERRUPT CONNECTOR (P3)
Connector used :
* S 401 5 pin male straights.

* Pins are arranged in a single row.
* Pitch = 2.5mm.

Signal Description :
Pin Details
1 TRAP
2 RST 7.5
3 RST 6.5
4 RST 5.5
5 GND
Signal Definition:
* TRAP - The non maskable interrupt of 8085 CPU.

* RST 7.5 - Maskable interrupt of 8085.
Mating Connector:
* S 401 female straight connector with pitch = 2.5mm.
6.6 SID & SOD CONNECTOR (P4)
Connector used :
* S 401 5 pin male straights.

* Pins are arranged in a single row.
* Pitch = 2.5mm.
Signal Description:
Pin Details
1 GND
2 Vcc
3 SOD
4 SID
5 NC
Signal Definition:
* Serial input data and serial output data of 8085 CPU are terminated. Please verify jumper
settings before using these lines.
Mating Connector:
* S 401 female straight connector with pitch=2.5mm.

6.7 PARALLEL PORT CONNECTORS (P5,P12)
Connector used:
* 26 pin IDC male connector.

* 13 pins arranged in two rows.
* Pin to pin pitch distance = 2.54mm
Signal Description:
Pin Details Pin Details

1 PA0 14 PB5
2 PA1 15 PB6
3 PA2 16 PB7
4 PA3 17 PC0
5 PA4 18 PC1
6 PA5 19 PC2
7 PA6 20 PC3
8 PA7 21 PC4
9 PA0 22 PC5
10 PA1 23 PC6
11 PA2 24 PC7
12 PA3 25 GND
13 PA4 26 Vcc
Signal Definition:
* PA0 - PA7 = Port A I/O lines

* PB0 - PB7 = Port B I/O lines
* PC0 - PC7 = Port C I/O lines
Mating Connector:
* 26 pin FRC dual row connector.

* Pitch = 2.54mm.
* The flat cable used should be of pitch 1.27mm.
6.8 VXT-BUS CONNECTOR (P6)
Connector used:
* 50 pin IDC male connector.

* 25 pin arranged in two rows.
* Pin to pin pitch distance = 2.54mm.

Signal Definition:
Mating Connector:
* 50 pin FRC dual row connector.

* Pitch = 2.54mm.
* The flat cable used should be of pitch 1.27mm
6.9 TIMER PORT CONNECTOR (P7)
Connector used:
* S401 10 pin male straight connector.

* Pins arranged in a single row.
* Pitch = 2.5mm.

Signal Description:
Pin Details
1 CLK 0
2 CLK 1
3 CLK 2
4 OUT 0
5 OUT 1
6 OUT 2
7 GATE 0
8 GATE 1
9 GATE 2
10 GND
Signal Definition:
* CLK 0,1,2 - Clock input of channel 0,1,2 respectively.
* OUT 0,1,2 - Clock output of channel 0,1,2 respectively.
* GATE 0,1,2 - Gate input of channel 0,1,2 respectively.
Mating Connector:
* S401 female straight connector with pitch 2.5mm.

6.10 SERIAL PORT CONNECTOR (P8)
Connector used:
* 9 pin D type male connector.

* Pins arranged in two rows of 5 and 4 pins.
* Grid pitch 2.76mm x 2.84mm.
* The connector is Amphenol Standard.
Signal Description:
Pin Details
1 NC
2 TxD
3 RxD
4 RTS*
5 CTS*
6 NC
7 GND
8 NC
9 NC
Signal Definition:
* NC - No connection
* TxD - Transmit data
* RxD - Receive data
* RTS* - Request to send
* CTS* - Clear to send
Mating Connector:
* 9 position D female connector with same specifications.

APPENDIX - A
IC PINOUTS
APPENDIX - A IC PINOUTS
8085 8-BIT MICROPROCESSOR
Vi Microsystems Pvt. Ltd., [A-1]

8253 - PROGRAMMABLE INTERVAL TIMER
8255 - PROGRAMMABLE PERIPHERAL INTERFACE

8279 - PROGRAMMABLE KEYBOARD DISPLAY INTERFACE
8251 - PROGRAMMABLE COMMUNICATION INTERFACE

2764 - 8K UVEPROM
6264 - 8K STATIC RAM


APPENDIX - B
CPU DATASHEETS
APPENDIX - B CPU DATA SHEETS
Vi Microsystems Pvt. Ltd., [B-1]









Vi Microsystems Pvt. Ltd., [ B - 10 ]

APPENDIX - C
INSTRUCTION SET OF 8085A

APPENDIX - C INSTRUCTION SET OF 8085A
8085 CPU INSTRUCTIONS IN OPERATION CODE SEQUENCE
OP MNEMONIC OP MNEMONIC OP MNEMONIC

CODE CODE CODE
00 NOP 2B DCX H 56 MOV D,M
01 LXI B, D16 2C INR L 57 MOV D,A
02 STAX B 2D DCR L 58 MOV E,B
03 INX B 2E MVI L,D8 59 MOV E,C
04 INR B 2F CMA 5A MOV E,D
05 DCR B 30 SIM 5B MOV E,E
06 MVI B,D8 31 LXI SP D16 5C MOV E,H
07 RLC 32 STA Adr 5D MOV E,L
08 --- 33 INX SP 5E MOV E,M
09 DAD B 34 INR M 5F MOV E,A
0A LDAX B 35 DCR M 60 MOV H,B
0B DCX B 36 MVI M,D8 61 MOV H,C
0C INR C 37 STC 62 MOV H,D
0D DCR C 38 --- 63 MOV H,E
0E MVI C,D8 39 DAD SP 64 MOV H,H
0F RRC 3A LDA Adr 65 MOV H,L
10 --- 3B DCX A 66 MOV H,M
11 LXI D,D16 3C INR A 67 MOV H,A
12 STAX D 3D DCR A 68 MOV L,B
13 INX D 3E MVI A,D8 69 MOV L,C
14 INR D 3F CMC 6A MOV L,D
15 DCR D 40 MOV B,B 6B MOV L,E
16 MVI D,D8 41 MOV B,C 6C MOV L,H
17 RAL 42 MOV B.D 6D MOV L,L
18 --- 43 MOV B,E 6E MOV L,M
19 DAD D 44 MOV B,H 6F MOV L,A
1A LDAX D 45 MOV B,A 70 MOV M,B
1B DCX D 46 MOV C,B 71 MOV M,C
1C INR E 47 MOV C,C 72 MOV M,D
1D DCR E 48 MOV C,D 73 MOV M,E
1E MVI E,D8 49 MOV C,E 74 MOV M,H
1F RAR 4A MOV C,H 75 MOV M,L
20 RIM 4B MOV C,L 76 HLT
21 LXI H,D16 4C MOV C,M 77 MOV M,A
22 SHLD Adr 4D MOV C,L 78 MOV A,B
23 INX H 4E MOV C,H 79 MOV A,C
24 INR H 4F MOV C,A 7A MOV A,D
25 DCR H 50 MOV D,B 7B MOV A,E
26 MVI H,D8 51 MOV D,C 7C MOV A,H
27 DAA 52 MOV D,D 7D MOV A,L
28 --- 53 MOV D,E 7E MOV A,M
29 DAD H 54 MOV D,H 7F MOV A,A
2A LHLD Adr 55 MOV D,L 80 ADD B
Vi Microsystems Pvt. Ltd., [C-1]

APPENDIX - C INSTRUCTION SET OF 8085A
OP MNEMONIC OP MNEMONIC OP MNEMONIC

CODE CODE CODE
81 ADD C AC XRA H D7 RST 2
82 ADD D AD XRA L D8 RC
83 ADD E AE XRA M D9 ---
84 ADD H AF XRA A DA JC Adr
85 ADD L B0 ORA B DB IN D8
86 ADD M B1 ORA C DC CC Adr
87 ADD A B2 ORA D DD ---
88 ADC B B3 ORA E DE SBI D8
89 ADC C B4 ORA H DF RST 3
8A ADC D B5 ORA L E0 RPO
8B ADC E B6 ORA M E1 POP H
8C ADC H B7 ORA A E2 JPO Adr
8D ADC L B8 CMP B E3 XTHL
8E ADC M B9 CMP C E4 CPO Adr
8F ADC A BA CMP D E5 PUSH H
90 SUB B BB CMP E E6 ANI D8
91 SUB C BC CMP H E7 RST 4
92 SUB D BD CMP L E8 RPE
93 SUB E BE CMP M E9 PCHL
94 SUB H BF CMP A EA JPE Adr
95 SUB L C0 RNZ EB XCHG
96 SUB M C1 POP B EC CPE Adr
97 SUB A C2 JNZ Adr ED ---
98 SBB B C3 JMP Adr EE XRI D8
99 SBB C C4 CNZ Adr EF RST 5
9A SBB D C5 PUSH B F0 RP
9B SBB E C6 ADI D8 F1 POP PSW
9C SBB H C7 RST 0 F2 JP Adr
9D SBB L C8 RZ F3 DI
9E SBB M C9 RET F4 CP Adr
9F SBB A CA JZ Adr F5 PUSH PSW
A0 ANA B CB --- F6 ORI D8
A1 ANA C CC CZ Adr F7 RST 6
A2 ANA D CD CALL Adr F8 RM
A3 ANA E CE ACI D8 F9 SPHL
A4 ANA H CF RST 1 FA JM Adr
A5 ANA L D0 RNC FB EI
A6 ANA M D1 POP D FC CM Adr
A7 ANA A D2 JNC Adr FD ---
A8 XRA B D3 OUT D8 FE CPI D8
A9 XRA C D4 CNC Adr FF RST 7
AA XRA D D5 PUSH D -- ---
AB XRA E D6 SUI D8 -- ---
Vi Microsystems Pvt. Ltd., [C-2]

APPENDIX - D
SYSTEM CALLS QUICK REFERENCE

CARD
APPENDIX - D SYSTEM CALLS QUICK REFERENCE CARD
A C HL FUNCTION
0 - - RESET System
1 Blank Display
0 - Address Field
1 - Data Field
- Status Field
2
- All Digits
3
2 Display Dot
0 - Data Field right most
1 - Address Field rightmost
2 - Address Field second left
3 - Status field right
3 Data Pointer Display Data

0 to 7
Corresponding digit
8
Data Field
9 Address Field
A Status Field
B All digits
4 - - Display “Err .”
5 - - Read key from keyboard
6
0 Code conversion
1 L.Hex value Hex to ASCII
ASCII to Hex
7
BC:END
address Start address Block length in DE
8
0 Generate tone
1 - 1 KHz frequency
- 2 KHz frequency
9 - Delay count Time Delay
Vi Microsystems Pvt. Ltd., [D-1]

APPENDIX - E
COMPONENT LAYOUT
APPENDIX - E COMPONENT LAYOUT
Vi Microsystems Pvt. Ltd., [ E - 1]

APPENDIX - E COMPONENT LAYOUT
Vi Microsystems Pvt. Ltd., [ E - 2]

APPENDIX - F
SERIAL CABLE CONFIGURATION

APPENDIX - F SERIAL CABLE CONFIGURATION
RS232C CABLE
CONFIGURATION FOR PC,PC/XT
In the trainer the connector is a 9 pin “D” male connector

In the PC, PC/XT Connector is a 9 pin “D” male connector
Vi Microsystems Pvt. Ltd., [ F - 1]

APPENDIX - F SERIAL CABLE CONFIGURATION
RS232C CABLE
CONFIGURATION FOR PC/AT
In the trainer the connector is a 9 pin “D” male connector

In the PC/AT the connector is a 9 pin “D” male connector
Vi Microsystems Pvt. Ltd., [ F - 2]

APPENDIX - G
JUMPER DETAILS
APPENDIX - G JUMPER DETAILS
Vi Microsystems Pvt. Ltd., [ G - 1]

APPENDIX - G JUMPER DETAILS
Vi Microsystems Pvt. Ltd., [ G - 2]

APPENDIX - H
CIRCUIT DIAGRAM
APPENDIX - H CIRCUIT DIAGRAM
Vi Microsystems Pvt. Ltd., [ H - 1]







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MICRO - 85 EB

Technical Clarification /Suggestion :

Chapter 5 has a discussion on the system calls provided by the monitor.

We welcome suggestions for further improvement of this manual.

Phone # : (044) 2496 1842.

CHAPTER PAGE No.

1.1 Introduction .................................................................. 1-1

2.1 Introduction .................................................................. 2-1

3.1 Introduction ................................................................. 3-1

4 USER PROGRAM EXECUTION

4.1 Introduction ................................................................. 4-1

5 MONITOR SYSTEM CALLS

5.1 Introduction ................................................................. 5-1

6.1 Introduction ................................................................. 6-1

Appendix A IC Pinouts ........................................................................... A-1

Appendix B CPU Data Sheets ................................................................. B-1

Appendix C Instruction Set of 8085A .................................................... C-1

Appendix D System Calls Quick Reference Card ................................... D-1

Appendix E Component Layout .............................................................. E-1

Appendix F Serial Cable Configuration .................................................. F-1

Appendix G Jumper Details .................................................................... G-1

Appendix H Circuit Diagram .................................................................. H-1

Unpacking the trainer package you will observe the following:

Vi Microsystems Pvt. Ltd.,

vi) Do not attempt to service the trainer in case of problems.

Vi Microsystems Pvt. Ltd.,

Vi Microsystems Pvt. Ltd., [ 1 -1 ]

1.2.1 HARDWARE SPECIFICATIONS

1. Processor, Clock Frequency

Intel 8085A at 6.144 MHz clock.

Monitor EPROM : 0000 - 1FFF

Parallel : 48 TTL I/O lines using two numbers of 8255

Timer : Three channel 16-bit Programmable Timer using 8253.

~Channel 0 is used as baud rate clock generator for 8251A USART.

Channel 1 is used for in single stepping user programs.

Channel 2 is used for Hardware Single Stepping user Programs.

21 Keys soft keyboard including command keys and hexadecimal keys.

6) AUDIO CASSETTE INTERFACE with file management.

Vi Microsystems Pvt. Ltd., [ 1 -2 ]

Onboard Battery backup facility is provided for the available RAM.

8) HARDWARE SINGLE STEP:

9) SYSTEM POWER CONSUMPTION:

Micro-85 EB2 Micro-85 EB1

+ 5 V @ 1 Amp +5V @ 500 mA

10) POWER SUPPLY SPECIFICATIONS: [External]

Micro-85 EB2 Micro-85 EB1

Input : 230 V AC @ 50 Hz 230V AC @ 50 Hz

11) PHYSICAL CHARACTERISTICS:

Micro-85 EB PCB : 230mm x 170mm [L x B]

12) BUS EXPANSION:

13) TEST POINTS:

Vi Microsystems Pvt. Ltd., [ 1 -3 ]

1.2.2 SOFTWARE SPECIFICATIONS

Micro-85 EB contains a high performance 8K bytes monitor program. It is designed to respond to

KEY FUNCTION SUMMARY

This RES key allows you to terminate any present activity

INT Maskable interrupt connected to CPU's RST

DEC Decrement the address by one and display it contents

EXEC Execute a particular program after selecting the

NEXT Increment address by one and display its contents

Vi Microsystems Pvt. Ltd., [ 1 -4 ]

i) It functions as a Hex key entry when a address or data entry is required.

ii) It functions as the Register key entry during Register command.

NOTE: The Hex-key function summary below is in the order: