Professional Documents
Culture Documents
SLD/T16-2.5
TED
A30808-X3580-H501-1-7618
TED Information
SLD/T16-2.5
Trademarks:
All designations used in this document can be trademarks, the use of which by third parties for their
own purposes could violate the rights of their owners.
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This document consists of a total of 142 pages. All pages are issue 1.
Contents
1 Notes on this Documentation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 11
1.1 Documentation Overview . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 11
1.2 Symbols Used in the Documentation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 12
1.2.1 Symbol for Warnings. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 12
1.2.2 Symbols for Notes. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 12
1.2.3 Symbols for Menu Displays and Text Inputs. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 12
1.3 Notes on Licensed Software . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 12
1.4 Form for your Ideas, Proposals and Corrections . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 13
2 Introduction, Application . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 15
2.1 Network Applications . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 15
2.1.1 Line Network (Chains) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 15
2.1.2 Ring Network . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 16
2.2 Compatibility with Existing Systems . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 18
3 System Overview . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 19
3.1 Overview of the Performance Features . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 21
3.1.1 Transmission Functions . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 21
3.1.2 Management and Control . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 25
3.1.3 System Architecture . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 26
3.1.4 Maintenance, Supervision and Diagnostics . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 27
3.2 External Interfaces . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 28
3.3 Operating Terminal LCT and NCT . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 29
3.4 Connection to Network Management Systems. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 30
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5 Functional Features . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 63
5.1 Operation, Control and Monitoring . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 63
5.1.1 Display and Operating Elements of the Network Element . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 64
5.1.1.1 Display and Operating Elements of the Plug-in Modules. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 64
5.1.2 Control and Monitoring by the LCT . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 64
5.1.2.1 System Requirements . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 66
5.1.2.2 Access Control . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 66
5.1.2.3 User Interface. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 66
5.1.3 Control and Monitoring by the NCT . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 67
5.1.3.1 System Requirements . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 69
5.1.4 Control and Monitoring by a Network
Management System . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 69
5.1.4.1 Access Control . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 69
5.2 Protection Switching. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 70
5.2.1 Module Protection Switching . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 70
5.2.1.1 Criteria for Initiating the Protection Switching Process . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 71
5.2.2 Linear Multiplex Section Protection (Linear MSP) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 71
5.2.2.1 Linear (1+1) MSP. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 71
5.2.2.2 Linear (1:1) MSP (SLT Devices only). . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 72
5.2.2.3 Criteria for Initiating the Protection Switching Process . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 74
5.2.3 Bidirectional Self Healing Ring Protection Switching (BSHR) . . . . . . . . . . . 74
5.2.3.1 2-fiber Ring Protection Switching (BSHR-2) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 74
5.2.3.2 4-fiber Ring Protection Switching (BSHR-4) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 77
5.2.4 Card Release Switching (CRS) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 79
5.2.5 (1+1) Path Protection Switching
(Subnetwork Connection Protection, SNCP) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 81
5.2.5.1 Path Protection Switching Connection Possibilities . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 81
5.2.5.2 Criteria for Initiating the Protection Switching Process . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 81
5.3 Supplementary Services . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 82
5.3.1 User-specific Data Channels . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 82
5.3.2 Engineering Order Wire . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 82
5.4 Clock Pulse Supply, Synchronization. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 83
5.4.1 Synchronous Equipment Timing Source, SETS . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 83
5.4.2 Timing Marker . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 84
5.5 Real Time Clock. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 84
5.6 Laser Safety Shutdown . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 85
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11 Abbreviations . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 129
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Illustrations
Fig. 2.1 Line Network (with Definition of Regeneration and Multiplex Section) . 15
Fig. 2.2 Ring Network with a Branching Line . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 16
Fig. 2.3 Example for Usage of Concatenation on Trib Side only . . . . . . . . . . . . 17
Fig. 2.4 Example for Usage of Concatenation on Trib- and Line Side . . . . . . . . 17
Fig. 3.1 Overview of the System Components . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 20
Fig. 3.2 Interface Connections of the LCT and NCT. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 29
Fig. 3.3 Linking to the TransXpress TMN . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 30
Fig. 4.1 Block Diagram of SLD16 and SLT16 (Equipping Example,
Shown without Line Protection Switching) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 32
Fig. 4.2 Block Diagram of SLD16E and SLT16E (Equipping Example) . . . . . . . 34
Fig. 4.3 Block Diagram of Module OIS16 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 36
Fig. 4.4 Block Diagram of Module OIS4 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 38
Fig. 4.5 Overview Circuit Diagram of Module OIS1 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 40
Fig. 4.6 Block Diagram of Optical Preamplifier . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 41
Fig. 4.7 Example for a System Configuration with OP Modules . . . . . . . . . . . . . 42
Fig. 4.8 Block Diagram of Optical Booster . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 43
Fig. 4.9 Example of a System Configuration with OB Modules . . . . . . . . . . . . . 44
Fig. 4.10 Block Diagram of SNL Module. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 45
Fig. 4.11 Example of (1:n) Protection Switching of EIPS1 Modules in the SLD16 47
Fig. 4.12 Block Diagram of Module EIPS1 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 48
Fig. 4.13 Connection Setup between Tributary OIS16 and SNL
via Modules CS4 (Only Possible in SLD16E) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 50
Fig. 4.14 Block Diagram of Clock Pulse Generation on Clock Unit Line CLL . . . . 51
Fig. 4.15 Block Diagram of CLA . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 53
Fig. 4.16 Block Diagram of the SCU-R2 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 55
Fig. 4.17 Block Diagram of Overhead Access Unit. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 58
Fig. 4.18 Block Diagram of Telemetry Interface TIF . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 59
Fig. 4.19 Front View of the SRAP-PI . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 60
Fig. 4.20 Local Alarm Signaling for SRAP and for
External Signaling Equipment via the SCU Module. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 61
Fig. 4.21 Display LEDs of the Phone Indication Panel PI . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 62
Fig. 5.1 Application Example for the Local Craft Terminal LCT
in a Transmission Network. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 65
Fig. 5.2 User Interface for SLD16-2.5 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 67
Fig. 5.3 Application Example for NCT and LCT in a Transmission Network. . . . 68
Fig. 5.4 Linear (1+1) MSP, Fault-free Case . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 71
Fig. 5.5 Linear (1+1)-MSP, Switch to Protection Line. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 72
Fig. 5.6 Linear (1:1) MSP, Fault-free Case . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 73
Fig. 5.7 Linear (1:1) MSP, Switch to Protection Line . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 73
Fig. 5.8 Example of BSHR-2 in a Fault-free State
(with Extra Traffic Using the Protection Channels) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 75
Fig. 5.9 BSHR-2 in the Event of a Line Interruption . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 76
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Tables
Tab. 3.1 External Interfaces of the Configuration Types . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 29
Tab. 4.1 Module Overview . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 35
Tab. 4.2 Alarm Displays of the SRAP . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 60
Tab. 5.1 Overview of Possible Protection Switching Configurations . . . . . . . . . . 70
Tab. 6.1 Configuration Types. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 91
Tab. 6.2 Subrack Equipping Options . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 91
Tab. 9.1 STM-16-Port 1300 nm . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 104
Tab. 9.2 STM-16-Port 1550 nm . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 105
Tab. 9.3 STM-16 Port 1550 nm for Multiwavelength Applications . . . . . . . . . . . 106
Tab. 9.4 STM-4 Port 1300 nm . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 108
Tab. 9.5 STM-4-Port 1550 nm . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 109
Tab. 9.6 STM-1 Port 1300 nm / 1550 nm. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 110
Tab. 9.7 Line and Tributary Interfaces with Maximum Possible Ports . . . . . . . . 111
Tab. 9.8 Quality Levels for the Reference Clock Pulse . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 117
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⇒ Notes on parts of the text which contain definite instructions for action.
Help Note on the on-line help system of the relevant software program.
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Please enter your ideas, proposals and corrections on the copy (enclose further
pages, if required).
Please forward your feedback as a letter or fax to our address given overleaf.
If you want a reply or need to discuss anything with us, please complete the “Sender”
field in full.
Many thanks for your feedback!
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To Sender
..........................................................................
Department: Telephone/Fax:
................................... ....................................
Date: Signature:
................................... ....................................
Page Remarks
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2 Introduction, Application
The synchronous line equipment SLD16/SLT16 forms part of the TransXpress product
line and belongs to the synchronous SL16 series 2 line system. It is suitable for both the
transmission of Synchronous Digital Hierarchy (SDH) signals and plesiochronous sig-
nals.
Signals with a bit rate of 2.5 Gbit/s are transmitted on the line side. A single mode optical
fiber in the wavelength range of 1300 nm or 1500 nm is used as the transmission medi-
um. The optical line signal is an STM-16 signal of the synchronous digital hierarchy. The
basic properties of the synchronous digital hierarchy are defined in ITU-T Recommen-
dation G.707 (03/96).
On the tributary side, depending on the equipping, there are interfaces available for
– electrical 140-Mbit/s (PDH) signals and/or electrical STM-1 (SDH) signals and
– optical STM-1-, STM-4- and STM-16 signals.
For Siemens’ optical multiwavelength system WL there are other special types of equip-
ment available (see Chapter 10). With these, the specific wavelength is selected accord-
ing to ITU-T Recommendation G.mcs.
RS RS
MS Multiplex Section
RS Regenerator Section
SLD Synchronous Add/Drop LIne Multiplexer
SLR Synchronous Line Regenerator
SLT Synchronous Line Terminal
Fig. 2.1 Line Network (with Definition of Regeneration and Multiplex Section)
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SLD16
SLD16 SLD16
SLD16 SLR16
Usage of Concatenation
Fig. 2.4 shows the usage of concatenation in a virtual traffic ring consisting of SLD16
devices equipped with OIS16 modules and OIS4-2 modules.
In Fig. 2.4 an example for contiguous concatenation on line- and tributary side is shown.
In this case the ring has to be equipped completely with OIS16-2 modules, no FEC is
allowed in the ring.
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STM4/4c or STS12/12c
STM4/4c or STS12/12c
OIS16 module
SL device
OIS4-2 module
STM4/4c or STS12/12c
STM4/4c or STS12/12c
OIS16-2 module
SL device
OIS4-2 module
Fig. 2.4 Example for Usage of Concatenation on Trib- and Line Side
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3 System Overview
The SL16 series 2 fiber optic (FO) system has been designed as a modular system and
can therefore be adapted flexibly to different requirements as they occur in local, region-
al and long-haul networks.
The following products belong to the FO system SL16:
– Synchronous Add/Drop line multiplexer SLD16 (single row)
– Synchronous Add/Drop line multiplexer SLD16E (double row)
– Synchronous line terminal SLT16 (single row)
– Synchronous line terminal SLT16E (double row)
– Synchronous line regenerator SLR16
– Rack for housing the line equipment
To operate the SL equipment, an LCT or NCT operating terminal is needed.
This documentation deals with the synchronous Add/Drop line multiplexer SLD16 and
i SLD16E as well as the synchronous line terminals SLT16 and SLT16E. The synchro-
nous line regenerator SLR16 is described in a separate document.
Fig. 3.1 shows an overview of the hardware and software components used in SL
equipment.
See Chapter 6.3 for detailed information about the network element types and configu-
ration possibilities such as number of modules to be equipped.
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EIPS1 LTU
UniGATE
OIS16 EBSL (Core software)
OIS4-2
OIS1
OP
OB
TIF
OHA
2WHS
CLL
CLL64-2 CLA
SCU
SNL
EIPS1 LTU
UniGATE
CS4 EBSL (Core software)
OIS4
OIS4-2
OIS1
OP
OB
TIF
OHA
2WHS
CLL
CLL64-2 CLA
SCU
SNL
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SONET Interworking
• for STS-3/3c, STS-12/3c, STS-12/12c, STS-48/3c, STS-48/12c, STS-48/48c
Traffic Interfaces
Electrical traffic interfaces
• 140 Mbit/s
– unstructured, asynchronous mode (VC-4)
– structured, asynchronous mode (VC-4)
(Note: No Plesiochronous Connection Supervision (PCS)
• STM-1 electrical
– Full overhead processing
Optical traffic interfaces
• Forward Error Correction (FEC)
– for STM-4 optical
– for STM-16 optical
• STM-1 optical
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Traffic Protection
• Linear Multiplex Section Protection (MSP)
– STM-16 linear MSP 1:1 with extra traffic, ITU-T G.783, A. 3.1 (SLT16 only)
– STM-16 single ended 1+1 MSP
(independent switching of both sides: no extra traffic)
– STM-16 dual ended MSP acc. ITU-T G.783 A.3.4.1 (MSP 1+1)
– STM-4 single ended 1+1 MSP
(independent switching of both sides: no extra traffic)
– STM-4 dual ended MSP acc. ITU-T G.783 A.3.4.1 (MSP 1+1)
– STM-1 (opt.) single ended 1+1 MSP
(independent switching of both sides: no extra traffic)
– STM-1 (opt.) dual ended 1+1 MSP acc. ITU-T G.783 A.3.4.1
– Non-revertive operation
– Revertive operation; user configurable wait-to-restore periods
– External switch requests
• Self-healing ring protection (SHR)
– SHR protection with protocol acc. to ETSI/ITU-T standards
– SHR protection acc. to ETSI/ITU-T standards (incl. squelching tables)
– 2 fiber shared ring protection opt. STM-16 (BSHR/2)
– 4 fiber shared ring protection opt. STM-16 (BSHR/4)
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– Support of extra traffic on 2 fiber rings (only one 2-fiber ring per SLD)
– Support of dual 2 fiber shared ring protection opt. STM-16 (2xBSHR/2 for
4 fiber ring capability)
• Revertive SHR operation
– Revertive SHR operation
– User configurable wait to restore periods for SHR operation
• Path protection – VC trail protection
(Sub)network connection protection (S)NCP
– VC-4 HO (High Order) path protection (1+1)
– Non-revertive SNCP operation
– Switch criteria configurable
– Path protection mechanism for drop & continue signals
– Signal degraded as switch criteria
– Single ended SNCP
• Path protection connectivity
– Line/line path protection
– Line/tributary path protection
– Tributary/tributary path protection
Equipment Protection
• Protected traffic cards/modules
– (1+1) card protection for STM-16 optical (combined with MSP)
– (1+1) card protection for STM-4 optical (combined with MSP)
– (1+1) card protection for STM-1 optical (combined with MSP)
– (1:N) card protection for 140M / STM-1 electrical
– (1+1) protection of switching network unit line (SNL)
– (1+1) synchronous equipment timing source (SETS) protection
– Distributed power supply
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Fault Management
• Traffic related fault types
– Alarm events of TTF-16 (Transport Terminal Function) and related consequent
actions
– Mismatch of trail signal label and related consequent actions (TSL, C2)
– Mismatch of trail trace identifier and related consequent actions (TTI, J0)
– Mismatch of trail trace identifier and related consequent actions (TTI, J1)
– Autonomous suppression of subsequent alarm events acc. to ETSI 300 417
– Configurable alarm suppression (for unequipped interfaces or paths via port
mode/TP/connection supervision mode)
– Per NE set global alarm mask (complete alarm suppression)
– Alarm events of TTF-1 and related consequent actions
– Alarm events of TTF-4 and related consequent actions
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Fault Log
• Current problem list
– Retrieval of all current transmission/equipment alarm entries
• Historical alarm event log
– Retrieval of all alarm log entries
– Manual reset of entire alarm log
Performance Management
• General
– Performance monitoring acc. to ITU-T G.774.01
– Monitoring functions acc. to ITU-T G.784
– Performance monitoring acc. to ITU-T G.826
• Performance data reporting
– Performance monitoring intervals 15 min and 24 h
– Simultaneous performance report generation for all monitoring points
– Configurable performance thresholds for TCN threshold crossing notifications
• Performance data reporting from SDH trail termination
– Near end STM-N performance data generation at TTF-16, TTF-4, TTF-1, HPT
– Far end STM-N performance data generation at TTF-16, TTF-4, TTF-1, HPT
• Performance data reporting from higher order connection supervision
– Near end VC-4 performance data generation at HSUM/HPOM
– Far end VC-4 performance data generation at HSUM/HPOM
• Performance log
– Retrieval of current configuration status
– Performance log size <= 16x15min entries and 3x24h entries using
FIFO principle
– Retrieval of all performance log entries
– Manual reset of performance log
Security Management
• Exclusion of parallel Element Manager/LCT Access
– LCT restricted to read-only whilst Element Manager active (and vice versa)
• Password concept
– Improved security concept with password stored inside the network element
26 A30808-X3580-H501-1-7618
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SLD/T16-2.5
• Electrical connectors
– Asymmetrical coax connectors (Type 1.6/5.6, screwed and quick lock) for electri-
cal signals 140 Mbit/s and 155 Mbit/s
• Optical connectors
– E2000 connectors or
– FC/PC connectors (via adapter connector) or
– DIN connectors (via adapter connector) or
– SC connectors (via adapter connector)
• Port capacity of electrical traffic interface modules
– Port capacity per 140 Mbit/s / 155 Mbit/s interface card (electrical):
4 x 140 Mbit/s / STM-1 el. (configurable per port base)
• Port capacity of optical interface modules
– Port capacity per optical STM-16 card: 1 x STM-16 opt.
– Port capacity per optical STM-4 card: 1 x STM-4 opt.
– Port capacity per optical STM-1 card: 4 x STM-1 opt.
• Port capacity of integrated optical (pre)amplifiers
– Integral optical booster 1 x per card (transmit side)
– Integral optical preamplifier 1 x per card (receive side)
• Switching matrix architecture
– Square matrix
• Power supply design
– Power supply voltage specification acc. to ETSI
– Duplicated battery feed
• Safety design
– ETSI equipment safety specifications
– Automatic laser shutdown, ALS (acc. to ITU-T G.958)
– CE label
A30808-X3580-H501-1-7618 27
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SLD/T16-2.5
Equipment Diagnostics
– Monitoring of laser parameter
(get transmit power/bias current/modulation current/receive power)
– Monitoring of –UBAT1
– Monitoring of –UBAT1 and –UBAT2
– Fault indication in case of UBAT shut down
• External alarm interface
– Dry equipment alarm contacts for fault signalization
Bw7R alarm interface (allowing for system compound alarm)
Configurable alarm table for external alarm interface
– Dry loop contacts for customer use
Up to 16 digital alarm inputs
Up to 16 digital alarm outputs
Support of alarms by Q interface and Q.ecc message set
• Local card/module supervision
– LED indication for modules taken out of operation
– LED indication for fault indication on modules
– LED indication for fault indication on subrack(s)
• Self monitoring/diagnostics functions
– Non-intrusive ASIC check routines during normal operation
– Internal bus and signal checksum tests during normal operation
– Card software self check
– Installation test routines executed by main system’s controller (also used after
hardware extensions)
– Main controller software self check
– Watch Dog function for autonomous software reset
Equipment Inventory
– User configurable card/module label in non-volatile memory (customer read/write)
– Factory card/module label in non-volatile memory (customer read access only)
– Inquire card software version
– Inquire main controller software version
– Inquire factory ASIC label
Hardware Change/Upgrade
– New traffic modules added without distortion of existing, unaffected traffic
– Hardware protection modules added without distortion of existing, unaffected traffic
– In-service reconfiguration of NE type without distortion of existing, unaffected traffic
(e.g. SLD ↔ SLT)
Software Change/Upgrade
– Software download into cards/modules without distortion of existing traffic on this
module
28 A30808-X3580-H501-1-7618
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An overview of the interfaces is given in Tab. 3.1 and the qualitative and quantitative
features are summarized in Chapter 9.
LCT LCT/NCT
NE-UniGATE NE-UniGATE
with local access with network access
Ethernet LAN
RS-232
Ethernet e.g. 10Base2
Q-F Q-B3 Q-B3
DCC
Local Craft terminal LCT is the preferred option for mobile operation and the operating
terminal NCT for stationary operation. In principle, the same hardware can be used for
both computers, but because of the different applications we recommend a notebook for
the LCT and a desktop PC for the NCT.
A30808-X3580-H501-1-7618 29
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SLD/T16-2.5
Two software types matching the hardware types are available – LCT software and NCT
software – in which case the last-mentioned includes the LCT software package. There-
fore, the operating terminals with the installed NCT software can be operated in either
LCT or NCT mode.
The decision between LCT and NCT mode is made on installing the corresponding vari-
ants of the gateway software NE-UniGATE or on startup (see customer documentation
of gateway software UniGATE).
The LCT mode allows access to the local network element when it is connected via the
Q-F interface. When connecting via the Q-B3 interface up to two network elements of a
given address range can be called up at the same time (without the possibility of a
graphical network view).
The NCT mode (connecting via the Q-B3 interface) allows all alarms to be monitored
which were reported by the network element to be reached in each case. A background
bitmap can be allocated to each communication channel (preferably a map) which al-
lows the network elements to be positioned according to their geographical position.
TransXpress
Network Management System
DCN
Data Communication Network
Q Q Q
SL16 SL16
WL SLR16-2
series 1 series 2
F F F F
30 A30808-X3580-H501-1-7618
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A30808-X3580-H501-1-7618 31
TED Information
SLD/T16-2.5
SLD16
SLT16
4 4 4
4 4 OB 4 4
Tributary interfaces
STM-1 STM-4 STM-1
and/or
140 Mbit/s electrical signals
optical signals
In the OIS16 module, the Section Overhead (SOH) is decoupled and written to the in-
ternal OH bus of the system to allow an OH access of the relevant modules in this way.
DCC communicates via a second internal bus system, the DCC bus.
32 A30808-X3580-H501-1-7618
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SLD/T16-2.5
In the tributary area a typical interface module is shown in each case along with its ports.
There is a choice of tributary interface module with either four electrical STM-1 /
140-Mbit/s interfaces, four optical STM-1-interfaces or one optical STM-4-interface:
– EIPS1, STM-1el/140 Mbit/s: Each module has four bidirectional STM-1el/140-Mbit/s
interfaces which can be programmed individually for the desired bit rate.
– OIS1, STM-1 optical: Each module has four bidirectional optical STM-1 interfaces.
– OIS4, STM-4: Each module has one bidirectional STM-4 interface.
The incoming signal is regenerated in the tributary interface module (with optical tribu-
tary signals optical/electrical conversion is undertaken first), the overhead is decoupled
and the signal is converted into an internal ISDH signal (VC4) (Optical STM-4 tributary
signals are initially demultiplexed from the STM-4 level to the STM-1 level). The VC-4
containers are transferred to the SNL, from where they are passed on to a line interface
module OIS16 or to a further tributary module EIPS1.
In the transmit direction the VC-4 signals selected by the SNL are scrambled after inclu-
sion of the section overhead. Where the STM-4/16 is involved, the signals are converted
at the STM-4/16 level. In the optical modules this is followed by electrical/optical conver-
sion; for the electrical tributary modules CMI scrambling is performed.
For the line interface modules, the system can be configured in such a way that the dif-
ferent ring and line protection switchings are supported. This takes place by allocating
two interfaces which are housed on various modules and therefore function as operating
and protection interface. To increase the availability of equipment, some modules
(OIS16, SNL, EIPS1 and CLL) can also have card protection facilities (see also Chapter
5.2).
A30808-X3580-H501-1-7618 33
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SLD/T16-2.5
SLD16E
SLT16E
OP 16
16 OB
STM-16 OIS16 STM-16
16 OIS16
16
OB OP
SNL
16 16
OP 16 16 OB
STM-16 OIS16 OIS16 STM-16
16 16
OB OP
4 4 4 4
East West
4 4 4 4
OB OP OB
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SLD/T16-2.5
OP Optical Preamplifier
OB Optical Booster
EBSL + PSUTP EIPS1 Backup Switch Line and “Power Supply Unit Tributary Protection” interface
module
OHA + TIF + 2WHS Overhead Access with “Telemetry Interface” interface module and engineering or-
der wire for two-wire interface
CLL64-2 Clock Unit Line in concern with Clock Line Adapter CLA
A30808-X3580-H501-1-7618 35
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SLD/T16-2.5
Optical receiver 16
Demultiplexer ISDHS
Data/clock pulse recovery
Clock pulse T1
STM-16
line OH/DCC bus
16
Optical transmitter Multiplexer ISDHS
PCU ICS
UBAT
PSU
ULED
36 A30808-X3580-H501-1-7618
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SLD/T16-2.5
The optical transmitter in which the laser module is housed controls the threshold value,
modulation and temperature of the laser. These parameters are transmitted via the spe-
cial PCU (Peripheral Control Unit) to the SCU module. The laser safety shutdown cor-
responds to the ITU-T Recommendation G.958 to avoid personal injury in the case of
fiber break.
Standard types or III/V-APD types are used as receiving diodes. A customer-specific
transimpedance amplifier is used which has a limiting amplifier with differential output
and a band limiting filter connected behind it. To increase the amplification factor, a sec-
ond differential amplifier is used. A control circuit monitors the amplitude of this 2.5-
Gbit/s signal and controls the APD bias current.
The optical input and output performance is monitored. Access takes place via the Q-F
or Q-B3 interface of the SCU module. The APD and the laser temperature are also mon-
itored.
The optical connectors are on the front of the module. Depending on the adapter used,
fibers with E2000, DIN, FC/PC or SC connectors can be attached.
After the optical/electrical conversion, the incoming STM-16 signal is descrambled and
converted in the demultiplexer on the VC-4 plane (16 x STM-1). The Section Overhead
is then decoupled. The total traffic related to the Overhead Bytes B1, B2, B3, J1, K1, K2,
C1 is processed in the module. The remaining Overhead Bytes including the data bytes
D1 to D12 are relayed to the bus systems OH bus/DCC bus.
The VC-4 signals are transmitted using the ISDH bus to the SNL module.
In the transmission direction, the VC-4 signals (ISDH) are received by the SNL module
and the Section Overhead is then coupled from the OH bus, the signals are converted
in the multiplexer on the STM-16 plane and transmitted to the laser module.
A30808-X3580-H501-1-7618 37
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SLD/T16-2.5
Serial-parallel converter
Parallel-serial converter
retrieval Protection)
E 4
ASIC
S6MD 4
STM-4 Opt.
link Peltier 4
transmitter
elem. 4
IMTS
O
8
4 2
Functionally the OIS4 module is subdivided into the optical front-end and SDH process-
ing parts.
The optical front-end consists of optical/electrical conversion (avalanche photodiode),
optical receiver, data and clock recovery, laser driver and control as well as electri-
cal/optical conversion (laser). Serial/parallel or parallel/serial converters establish the
required speed matching from/to the CMOS level.
SDH processing is undertaken in the ASIC S6MD. Here the STM-4 signal is decoded
and converted in the demultiplexer to the VC-4 level (4 x STM-1). The overhead is then
extracted and passed on to the bus systems (OH-Bus/DCC), the VC-4 signals will be
transferred as ISDH signals to module SNL.
In the send direction the VC-4 signals (ISDH) coming from ASIC S6MD will be received
by the SNL module ASIC S6MD, subsequently the section overhead will be decoupled
from the OH bus, the signals will be converted in the multiplexer to the STM-4 level and
transferred to the laser module in the optical transmitter.
38 A30808-X3580-H501-1-7618
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A30808-X3580-H501-1-7618 39
TED Information
SLD/T16-2.5
Optical receiver
3 x 4 STM-1,
O Data/ Working,
4 4
clock re- Protection,
covery MS-Protect.
E
ASIC
4
S4MDO
STM-1 4
STM-1-Loop
link 4
4 2
Functionally the OIS1 module is subdivided into the optical front-end and SDH process-
ing parts.
The optical front-end consists of optical/electrical conversion (avalanche photodiode),
optical receiver, data and clock recovery, laser driver and control and electrical/optical
conversion (laser). The serial/parallel or parallel/serial converter provides the necessary
speed matching from/to the CMOS level.
SDH processing is undertaken in ASIC S4MDO. Here the STM-1 signals are converted
to the VC-4 level. The overhead is decoupled and passed on to the bus system (OH-
Bus/DCC), the VC-4 signals are transmitted as ISDH to module SNL.
In the transmit direction the VC-4 signals (ISDH) coming from ASIC S4MDO will be re-
ceived by the SNL module ASIC S6MD, subsequently the section overhead will be de-
coupled from the OH bus, the signals will be converted in the multiplexer to the STM-1
level and transferred to the laser module in the optical transmitter.
40 A30808-X3580-H501-1-7618
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SLD/T16-2.5
Closed-loop control
circuit
The Optical Preamplifier module can be operated in the subrack in any tributary slot or
in a slot specifically provided for the optical amplifier modules. The connection to the cor-
responding optical receiver interface is established within the subrack using FO connec-
tions.
Optical amplification is achieved by an optical fiber amplifier (erbium-doped fiber ampli-
fier EDFA) which works with a pump laser light in the wavelength range of 980 nm. For
standard amplifications, Single Pump Lasers are available and for High Power amplifi-
cation Double-Pump-Lasers are used. The amplifier circuit contains the sensors needed
to monitor the input and output signal and the pump diode signal parameters.
A closed-loop control circuit on the module allows the following functions:
– Stabilizing the laser output performance by amplification control,
– Laser safety shutdown together with disconnecting the transmission input signal,
– Pump laser safety shutdown in case of hardware faults
– Monitoring functions within the ADC interface for the module-internal “peripheral
control unit PCU”.
The PCU (Peripheral Control Unit) is appropriate for module management functions
such as start procedures, disconnecting in the case of module faults and maintenance
alarms.
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SLD/T16-2.5
The system clock pulses 6.48 MHz, 2 kHz and 1Hz as well as a 15-min time signal are
relayed to the PCU via the T0 interface IMTS.
The way in which a possible system configuration with OP modules can be implement-
ed, is shown in Fig. 4.7.
Line side West Line side East
SNL (protect.)
STM-16 OP OIS16 OIS16 OP STM-16
STM-16 STM-16
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SLD/T16-2.5
The transmission properties of the optical line are determined by the output performance
of the optical booster together with the properties of the optical transmission signal.
Therefore, using the OB requires the selection of optical interface modules suitable for
this purpose.
The Optical Booster module can be operated in the subrack in any tributary slot or in a
slot specifically provided for an optical amplifier module. The connection to the corre-
sponding optical transmission interface is established within the subrack with FO con-
nections.
Optical amplification is achieved by an optical fiber amplifier (erbium-doped fiber ampli-
fier EDFA) which works with a pump laser light in the wavelength range of 980 nm. For
standard amplifications, Single-pump lasers are available and for high power amplifica-
tion Double-pump lasers are used. The amplifier circuit contains the sensors needed to
monitor the input and output signal and the pump diode parameters.
A closed-loop control circuit on the module allows the following functions:
– Stabilizing the laser output performance by amplification control,
– Laser safety shutdown together with disconnecting the transmission input signal,
– Pump laser safety shutdown should there be hardware faults
– Monitoring functions within the ADC interface for the module-internal “peripheral
control unit PCU”.
The PCU (Peripheral Control Unit) switching unit has the capacity for module manage-
ment functions such as start procedures, disconnecting in the case of module faults and
for maintenance alarms.
The system clock pulses 6.48 MHz, 2 kHz and 1Hz as well as a 15-min time signal are
relayed to the PCU via the T0 interface IMTS.
A30808-X3580-H501-1-7618 43
TED Information
SLD/T16-2.5
The way in which a possible system configuration with OB modules can be implement-
ed, is shown in Fig. 4.9.
SNL (Protect.)
STM-16 OB OIS16 OIS16 OB STM-16
STM-16 STM-16
OB OIS16 OIS16 OB
STM-16
STM-16
CLL Clock Unit Line Module SCU Synchronous Control Unit Module
ICS Internal Communication Channel SNL Switching Network for Line Systems Module
MS Multiplex Section STM-N Multiplex Signal with Bit Rate N x 155.520 Mbit/s
OB Optical Booster Module T0x/T0y System Clock Pulse of the CLL (x working or y protection)
OIS16 Optical Interface Synchronous STM-16 Module
44 A30808-X3580-H501-1-7618
Information TED
SLD/T16-2.5
UBAT
SCU and
ICS
module PCU PSU
PCUs ULED
S4CS S4CS
Preswitching Preswitching
Matrix for un- Matrix for even
OIS16 OIS16
even channel channel num-
OIS16 numbers bers OIS16
IMTS IMTS
Channel Channel
1, 3, ..., 15 2, 4, ..., 16
S4CS
EIPS1 EIPS1
Central
Switching Ma-
trix
IMTS
T0x Switching
T0y Matrix
EIPS1 Electrical Interface Plesiochronous/Synchronous
140 Mbit/s / STM-1 Module (interface module for electrical tributaries)
ICS Internal Communication Channel
IMTS Internal Time Reference for Multiplex Formation
OIS16 Optical Interface Synchronous STM-16 Module
PCU Peripheral Control Unit
PSU Power Supply
SCU Synchronous Control Unit Module
S4CS Channel Switch Module
T0x/T0y System Clock of the CLL Module (x working or y protection)
UBAT Supply Voltage
ULED Signaling Voltage
The SNL module contains three important groups with the following functions:
– The Switching Matrix contains three identical switching ASICs (S4CS) to intercon-
nect the ISDHS signals. The ISDHS of the tributary interfaces is only connected with
the Central Switching Matrix and the ISDHS of the STM-16 line interfaces only with
the two switching units of the pre-switching matrix.
Each OIS16 module is connected with the two pre-switching ASICs in which case
the uneven channel numbers are connected to the first line ASIC and the even chan-
nel numbers to the second line ASIC.
The IMTS macro which selects the T0 system clock pulse is present in all three
switching ASICs.
– The Peripheral Control Unit PCU sends commands coming from the SCU to the
Switching Matrix and vice versa module alarms to the SCU.
– The Power Supply Unit PSU converts the input voltage from nominal 48 V/60 V to
the voltages needed on the module.
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46 A30808-X3580-H501-1-7618
Information TED
SLD/T16-2.5
PBUS
OHB
DCCB
PBUS
PBUS
ICB
ICB
OHB
OHB
T0
T1
ICB
16 x 16 x
ISDHS ISDHS
Line side West SNL Line side East
Tributary side
4 each x
ISDHS
SBFP
UBAT
T1 PSUTP
T0 EIPS1 EIPS1 EIPS1 EIPS1 EIPS1
PBUS
PB (Work.) (Work.) (Work.) (Work.) (Prot.)
OHB/ (#3 to #6)
DCCB
ULTUY
UEBSL
ICB #1 #2 #7 #8
Switch control
EBSL SBFE
4 each x 4
SDH/PDH S 4
SBFL
SBFL
SBFL
SBFL
X
X
Y
X
Y
X
Y
Tributaries
DCCB Data Communication Channel Bus SBFL Signal Board File of LTU
EBSL EIPS1 Backup Switch for Card Protection SBFP Signal Board File of PSUTP
EIPS1 Electrical Interface Plesiochr./ module SCU Synchronous Control Unit module
Synchronous 140 Mbit/s / STM-1 SDH/PDH Synchronous Digital Hierarchy/
ICB Internal Control Bus Plesiochronous Digital Hierarchy
ISDHS Internal Signal of SDH for Switch SNL Switching Network for Line
LTU Line Terminating Unit Systems module
OHA Overhead Access module T0 System clock
OHB Overhead bus T1 Clock reference from line signal
PBUS Protection bus UBAT Power supply
PSUTP Interface module Power Supply Unit UEBSL Power supply EBSL
Tributary Protection ULTUY Power supply LTU
SBFE Signal Board File of EBSL
Fig. 4.11 Example of (1:n) Protection Switching of EIPS1 Modules in the SLD16
The four ports are configured (Configuration Management) by the Peripheral Control
Unit PCU on EIPS1. Incoming alarm and quality data is evaluated and relayed by the
PCU. The PCU communicates with the SCU and other modules via the bus connections
(PBUS/ICB).
The Power Supply Unit PSU converts the input voltage from nominal 48 V/60 V to the
voltages needed on the module.
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TED Information
SLD/T16-2.5
2 S4MD X
Port 1
Port 1 Y
from/to LTU S4TR ISDHS Port 1
2 PLL 280
(1) Port 1 from/to SNL
X
Monitor M1 Y
2 X
Port 2
Port 2 Y
from/to LTU S4TR ISDHS Port 2
2 PLL 280 from/to SNL
(2) Port 2
X
Y
Monitor M2
2 X
Port 3
Port 3 Y
from/to LTU S4TR ISDHS Port 3
2 PLL 280
(3) Port 3 from/to SNL
X
Y
Monitor M3
2 X
Port 4
Port 4 Y
from/to LTU S4TR ISDHS Port 4
2 PLL 280 Port 4
(4) from/to SNL
X
Monitor M4 Y
OHB
DCCB
PLL 311
IMTS
T0x
T0y
T1 Bus
Operating voltages
SLOOP1,2
ULTUX PSU PCU ICS
ULED
48 A30808-X3580-H501-1-7618
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SLD/T16-2.5
A30808-X3580-H501-1-7618 49
TED Information
SLD/T16-2.5
PBUS
DCCB
PBUS
PBUS
ICB
OHB
OHB
OHB
ICB
ICB
Line side West Line side East
T0
T1
16 each x 16 each x
ISDHS ISDHS
OIS16 OIS16
(Work.) (Work.)
SNL (Work.)
OIS16 OIS16
(Prot.) (Prot.)
SNL
4 each x (Prot.)
ISDHS
OIS16 OIS16
CS4 CS4 CS4 CS4 (Work.) (Prot.) CS4 CS4 CS4 CS4
Trib in /
Trib out
Tributary side
STM-16 STM-16
50 A30808-X3580-H501-1-7618
Information TED
SLD/T16-2.5
CLL Sync.
T3 Protec. PLL
T3 Selector T0155
2 Interface PLL 155
B 52 T0-
T1 Distribu- T0Bus
4 tion 6.48 MHz, 2 kHz,
1 Hz, 15 min
T0
T3 Selector PLL 6 T4 T4
A/C 12 1 Interface
OH-Bus T1
Add Timing
Reference
Drop
Selection
PSU
ICB PBUS
ICB Internal Control Bus
OH Overhead UBAT ULED
PBUS Bus for Protection Switching
PLL Phase Locked Loop
PSU Power Supply
T0 Internal System Clock Pulse
T1 Clock Pulse Reference Signal from Line Signal
T3 External Clock Pulse Reference Signal
T4 External Reference Clock Pulse Output Signal
UBAT Supply Voltage
ULED Signaling Voltage
Fig. 4.14 Block Diagram of Clock Pulse Generation on Clock Unit Line CLL
The input resistance of external synchronization input T3 can be configured via a switch
on the connection board of the subrack (75 Ω symmetrical/120 Ω unsymmetrical).
The T3 Interface has overvoltage disconnection and amplitude monitoring.
The synchronization status message (SSM) of the OH bus is evaluated and the new
SSM is inserted in the OH bus. The Timing Reference Selection identifies a possible
fault confirmation in the received SSM or a T3 signal failure and takes care of changing
to a new source (forced mode or automatic selection can be configured).
In the T0 Distribution switching unit, four different clock pulse frequencies and a 15-
minute pulse are generated and distributed via the T0 bus or T0155 bus. T0155 is dis-
tributed directly as T0 Traffic Processing Clock to the transmission modules OIS16, SNL
and EIPS1. The four different clock pulses of the T0 bus are needed for OH/DCC pro-
cessing, internal system communication as well as for time information.
The external synchronization output T4 Interface generates a 2048-kHz clock pulse. It
has an overvoltage protection and a direct voltage decoupling (symmetrical/unsymmet-
rical).
The Power Supply Unit PSU converts the input voltage from nominal 48 V/60 V to the
voltages needed on the module.
To increase system availability, module protection switching for the clock pulse module
CLL is also possible.
The CLL64-2 module is required in combination with the T3/T4 Clock Adapter CLA
i (e.g. for generating the T3 clock from a 2048 kbit/s signal).
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CLL64-2 module differs in relation to its modified input T3, which is able to identify the
quality of the T3 clock signal from the CLA output (see 4.3.4.2).
The CLA operates with input voltage 48/60V from station power supply in the rack and
is neither supervised nor controlled by the NE.
A green LED indicates the status of the CLA module. Only loss of synchronization in the
dedicated NE using the CLA signals points indirectly to the CLA may be faulty.
The block diagram in Fig. 4.15 shows the functional blocks of CLA.
The tasks of these functional blocks are listed below:
PSU
– Operation with input voltage 48/60V from station power supply in the rack
– Separation diodes and fuses for two input lines NUBAT1 and NUBAT2 for redundan-
cy
– Input filter for noise reduction
– DC/DC-converter for all internal used operating voltages
Control Logic
– Clock generation
– Initialization of the internal asics after power up
– Conversion from T3 2048 kbit/s SSM/QL into DC-levels for 2048 kHz T3 clock
– Conversion from T4 2048 kHz DC-levels into SSM/QL for 2048 kbit/s T4 signal
52 A30808-X3580-H501-1-7618
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SLD/T16-2.5
NE Network Element
NUBAT Battery Voltage (negative)
PUBAT Battery Voltage (positive)
PSU Power Supply Unit
SSM Synchronization Status Message
T3nLI T3 input 2048 kbit/s HDB3
T3nNO T3 output 2048 kHz
T4nNI T4 input 2048 kHz
T4nLO T4 output 2048 kbit/s HDB3
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SLD/T16-2.5
The SCU is the central processing unit of the SL equipment and here the software func-
tions SEMF (Synchronous Equipment Management Function) and MCF (Management
Communication Function) are processed. On the one hand, it controls and monitors the
transmission system modules and, on the other hand, it forms the interface to the
LCT/NCT or a management system. In addition, interferences occurring in the SL equip-
ment (including interferences of the SCU itself) are reported via the local alarm signaling
according to the signaling diagram of Bw7R both at the Subrack Alarm Panel SRAP-PI
and the higher-level monitoring devices.
Internal control takes place via the ICB bus system which connects the SCU processor
to the PCU processors of the other modules. A second bus system with the designation
PBUS (Protection Bus) connects the SCU to the main signal modules. This bus is used
as “Express channel” to process communication together with the protection switching
measures and in this way takes care of a quick conversion. Both buses form part of the
internal communication system ICS.
System control SCU communicates
• with the other modules (via the internal ICS communication system),
• with the ECC, QST/B3 and QST/F interfaces (via the MCF function),
• with the rack alarm lines and the alarm bus of the operating point via the relay con-
tacts (see also Fig. 4.20).
The SCU carries out the following functions:
• It monitors all alarms of the equipment and relays the alarm conditions to the net-
work system, the rack alarm bus and a LCT/NCT terminal.
• It relays the operating data of the synchronous line equipment to the network man-
agement system and a LCT/NCT terminal.
• It configures the synchronous line equipment according to the settings which were
transmitted by the network management system or the LCT/NCT terminal. The set-
tings used last are stored non-volatile in the flash EPROM of the SCU and in the
PCUs of the modules.
• It identifies each module within the synchronous line equipment.
Functional Description
Fig. 4.16 shows the basic mode of operation of the SCU module using a block diagram.
54 A30808-X3580-H501-1-7618
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Power UBAT1/UBAT2
Supply ULED
T0 T0x
T0int
Supervision T0y
In the SCU module, a RISC processor is employed as CPU (main processor), and
three additional CISC processors (peripheral processors) extend the CPU interfaces
as slaves.
A supervision module (T0 Supervision) ensures automatic changeover to the standby
clock in the event of a fault.
The RTC module (real time clock) contains a NVRAM (non-volatile random access
memory) with 8 kbytes memory capacity. It is battery buffered to supply time information
A30808-X3580-H501-1-7618 55
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SLD/T16-2.5
and store the test results and status information of the boot software. During shutdown,
the clock pulse oscillator automatically switches off to protect the battery. When the sys-
tem is installed for the first time, the time and the date have to be set.
The Program Memory (flash PROM) is used for storing the operating software, basic
software and application software.
The Main Memory can be equipped with EDO DRAM.
The Boot-EPROM stores the boot software for initiating startup of the operating soft-
ware. The boot software only loads a specific portion of the operating software from the
flash memory which in turn starts up the remaining part of the operating software. Prior
to loading of the operating software, the boot software performs a complete hardware
test.
The Card Label Memory is designed as serial EEPROM and is used to store the mod-
ule-specific data.
The Power Supply Unit converts the input voltage from nominally 48 V/60 V to the volt-
ages required on the module. The input voltage supply is duplicated to provide en-
hanced reliability. The voltage is monitored: a red LED on the module lights up in the
event of a fault.
Interfaces
AUXRS232 is a simple RS232 interface.
BDM (Background Debug Interface) is used for troubleshooting.
MMI (Man Machine Interface) comprises two LEDs (red and green) and a push button.
Bw7R is used to control the subrack alarm panel SRAP, the light signal equipment LZE
and the Central Service Observation Equipment ZBBeo (see also Fig. 4.20)
IDI is used to determine the mounting slot, module and backplane coding.
DCCB1/2 is used to transmit the DCC channels between the main signal modules and
the SCU.
QB3 is used for remote access (e.g. from a TMN or NCT) via the QST/B3 interface of the
SL equipment.
V is an RS485 interface and can be used between two SCU modules if operation has
been split between two modules.
ICB and PBus are used for communication between the PCUs of the other modules and
the SCU.
LCT allow an LCT terminal to be connected (via the QST/F interface of the SL equip-
ment).
SDI is a service and diagnostic interface.
USI provides two inputs and two outputs (TTL in each case).
EDI (External Database Interface) provides access to the backplane EPROM which
stores important network element data.
T0 system clock of clock supply module CLL/CLL64-2 (x working or y protection)
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SLD/T16-2.5
G. 703
Ext. bell PBX
4-Wire E&M Port 1,2 TIF
Port 1,2
2-Wire
Handset LEDs
2-Mbit/s-Bus CAS-
CAS
OHP Interf.
OH call control 4-Wire- Signal-
2-Wire- PBX- G.703-
OH Cross-Connect Interf. Proc.
Interf. Interf. Interf.
Tel. Conference 1, 2 1,2 1,2
Tel. Call manager
OHB Tel. Monitoring
Operating voltages
sV.11-
IMTS PSU PCU
Interf.
1...4
CAS Interface for cascading from up to four PBX Private Branch Exchange
OHA Modules PCU Peripheral Control Unit
ICB Internal Control Bus PSU Power Supply
IMTS Internal time Reference for Multiplex Formation TIF Telemetry Interface Module
LED Light Emitting Diode T0x/T0y System Clock Pulse of the CLL Module
OH Overhead (x working or y protection)
OHB Overhead Bus UBAT Supply Voltage
OHP Overhead Processing ULED Signaling Voltage
PBus Protection Bus
The Signal Processor consists of a digital DTMF transmitter/receiver and a tone gen-
erator.
The OHB Interface consists of two 6.48-Mbit/s interfaces for “Add” and “Drop” to trans-
mit the OH bytes between OIS16, EIPS1, CLL and OHA. The OH bytes can be config-
ured freely.
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Fig. 4.18 shows the basic mode of operation of the TIF module using a block diagram.
Switch 1
DC64 S 8 Signal
P Driver and generator
Channel 1
G.703 interface protection CUST-CT
64 kbit/s 8
S switching Sensor
P CUST-AL
Switch 2
S 8 Signal
Channel 2 P Driver and generator
64 kbit/s G.703 interface protection CUST-CT
S switching 8
2048 kHz Sensor
P CUST-AL
Timing
generator PSU
Controller UBAT
4096 kHz
Switches 1 and 2 specify how many and which 64-kbit/s channels can be used by the
TIF (neither of the two; channel 1; channel 2 or both channels).
The internal timing generator generates the clock pulses needed for the Controller and
the ASIC module DC64.
The Controller has the task of resetting the ASIC module DC64 and generating the
64-kbit/s signal.
The Serial/Parallel converter S/P converts the serial output signal to an 8-bit parallel sig-
nal or the 8-bit input signal to a serial signal.
The Power Supply Unit PSU converts the input voltage from nominal 48 V/60 V to the
voltages needed on the module.
The input and output drivers convert the signal from/to the E&M signaling level. The in-
puts and outputs are protected against overvoltage.
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A EL RT
#1
#2
ALARM
A LED Red Urgent alarm Can generally be released with the RT key.
Function is automatically reactivated.
Should the two power supplies be absent, acknowl-
edgment with RT is impossible.
B LED Yellow Non-urgent alarm Can generally be released with the RT key.
Function is automatically reactivated.
EL LED Yellow Reminder for oc- Cannot go out until all the acknowledged alarms have
curred alarm been eliminated.
Fig. 4.20 shows the principle of local alarm signaling for the subrack signal panel and
external signaling equipment via the SCU module in a block diagram.
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SCU
ZA(A) za(a)
ZA(B) za(b)
SEMF
A A a
Selection Logic
ICS
AZ B b
EL el Subrack Alarm Panel
B
SRAP
BZ
Uc
RT1
RT key
RT2
+S
a1 A LED A
b1 B LED B
el EL LED EL
za(a) ZA(A)
ZA(B) Central
za(b)
Service Observation
GND Equipment
ZBBeo
Bw7R Style 7R RT Reset Key
GND Earth SEMF Synchronous Equipment Management Function
ICS Internal Communication Channel SRAP Signal Panel
LED Light Emitting Diode Uc Operating Voltage
LZE Light Signal Equipment ZA(A) Urgent Alarm
SCU Synchronous ZA(B) Non-urgent Alarm
Control Unit (Module) ZBBeo Central Service Observation Equipment
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Phone Indication
PI
GN #1 #1 GN
OHA1 OHA2
GN #2 #2 GN
GN Green
OHA Overhead Access Unit module
Ι First display group for OHA module 1
ΙΙ Second display groups only for double-row subracks SLD16E/SLT16E
with Second OHA module
#1 Conference 1
#2 Conference 2
The phone indication PI of the SRAP-PI contains four LEDs for the signaling of service
channel connections.
The LEDs of group Ι on the Phone Indication Panel PI (Fig. 4.21) are controlled by mod-
ule OHA1, those of group ΙΙ (when the SLD/T16E and a second OHA module are used)
by module OHA2. An incoming call will be indicated by the corresponding LED flashing
(e.g. Ι #1), after the call is connected the indicator LED is lit continuously. Two indepen-
dent EOW conference calls #1 and #2 (express and omnibus channel) can be displayed.
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5 Functional Features
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DCC Q-B3
NE 6 NE 7
LCT in centralized service
Fig. 5.1 Application Example for the Local Craft Terminal LCT
in a Transmission Network
If required, several decentralized monitoring terminals can be used at the same time in
a network. When changing the alarm interrogation operation to the interactive operation
(configuring), the user logging-in first secures write access rights.
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Processor . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Pentium
Operating system . . . . . . . . . . . Microsoft Windows NT4.0 with Service Pack 3 or above
or
Microsoft Windows 2000
Main memory . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 64 Mbyte RAM
Free hard disc capacity . . . . . . Approximately 200 Mbytes (depending on the number
of application software packages)
Graphics board . . . . . . . . . . . . . VGA Color, 800 x 600, 256 colors (recommended for
correct color reproduction)
External interfaces . . . . . . . . . . COM interface for local operation and Ethernet inter-
face (3Com Ethernet Adapter, see Chapter 10.5.1) for
network operation
The LCT offers a menu-controlled, graphical, color user interface with English text.
The user interface shows a symbolic physical view (view “Module View”) of the network
element (display of the modules in the subrack as they are physically located), see
Fig. 5.2.
Menus and windows are basically handled in the same way as known from the use of
MS-Windows.
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– Configuration Management
– Performance Management
– Security Management
Using the NCT represents a practical solution for management tasks (Telecommunica-
tions Management Network TMN) in smaller to medium networks as well as for existing
networks with expansion stages staggered with respect to time. It is particularly suitable
for modern SDH transmission networks with high availability and correspondingly may
have few alarms.
Q-B3
(LAN)
NE 1
LCT NE 8 NE 9
DCC DCC
Q-B3
DCC DCC LCT monitoring areas
NE 7 NE 2 (NCT monitors all NEs)
DCC DCC
Fig. 5.3 Application Example for NCT and LCT in a Transmission Network
If requested, several NCTs can also be operated at the same time in a network without
data collision. When changing the alarm monitoring operation to the interactive opera-
tion (configuring), the user logging-in first secures the write access rights.
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Processor . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Pentium
Operating system . . . . . . . . . . . Microsoft Windows NT4.0 with Service-Pack 3 or above
or
Microsoft Windows 2000
Main memory . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 64 Mbyte RAM
Free hard disc capacity . . . . . . Approximately 500 Mbytes (depending on the number
of application software packages)
Graphics board . . . . . . . . . . . . VGA Color, 1024 x 768,
256 colors (recommended for correct color reproduc-
tion)
External interfaces . . . . . . . . . . COM interface for local operation and Ethernet inter-
face (3Com Ethernet Adapter, see Chapter 10.5.1) for
network operation
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Configura- Module protection switching Multiplex section protection switching Path protec-
tion types combined with protection switching of the optical modules1) tion switching
(SNCP)
Line (Linear MSP) Ring (BSHR)
SLD16 SNL EIPS1 16 x STM-1 16 x STM-1 2 x STM-16 ring 1 x STM-16 ring Can be imple-
CLL (n = 1 ... 7) (4 OIS1) (4 OIS1) w/o extra traffic w/o extra traffic mented with all
4 x STM-4 4 x STM-4 or features listed
SLD16E SNL EIPS1
(8 OIS4) (8 OIS4) 1 x STM-16 ring for line and ring
CLL (n = 1 ... 8)
2 x STM-16 2 x STM-16 with extra traffic
(4 OIS16) (4 OIS16)
1) The figures, e.g. 2 x STM-16 (4 OIS16), mean: 2 STM-16 lines or rings with protection switching; 4 OIS16 modules required.
The different types of protection switching with their functionalities are described below
in more detail.
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OIS1/4/16 SNL
(working)
OIS1/4/16
STM-N
(protection)
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The diagram in Fig. 5.5 shows the signal path after the switchover to the protection line
(e.g. because of “signal fail” on the working line).
w
A B Principle diagram
p
OIS1/4/16 SNL
(working)
OIS1/4/16
STM-N
(protection)
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w
A B Principle diagram
p
OIS1/4/16 SNL
(working)
OIS1/4/16
(protection)
The diagram in Fig. 5.7 shows the signal path after the protection path was switched
over (e.g. because of “signal fail” on the working line).
w
A B Principle diagram
p
OIS1/4/16 SNL
(working)
OIS1/4/16
AIS
STM-N extra traffic
(protection)
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74 A30808-X3580-H501-1-7618
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Fig. 5.8 shows an example of a 2-fiber ring with extra traffic (optional) in fault-free op-
eration. With this configuration 8 of the total of 16 channels will be used for the transmis-
sion of signals with low priority (extra traffic). If a fault occurs the transmission of the
extra traffic will be interrupted and an alarm indication signal (AIS) fed into the interrupt-
ed line.
A B C
D Principle diagram
G F E
West East
The diagram in Fig. 5.9 shows the signal path when a fault occurs (e.g. “signal fail”) on
line “West” of network element “F” as seen from the principle diagram (line G-F).
The working channels of line “East” (line F-E in the principle diagram) were switched
over to the protection channels of the same line. If extra traffic is configured, AIS will be
injected into the appropriate channels on the West side.
As seen from network element G the information given here is also applicable to line
“East”.
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A B C
D Principle diagram
G F E
OIS16 SNL
1)
2) STM-16
AIS
1)
West
OIS16 East
76 A30808-X3580-H501-1-7618
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A B C
D Principle diagram
G F E
UNEQ
STM-16 STM-16
(Working (Protection
WEST) EAST)
OIS16 OIS16
STM-16 STM-16
UNEQ
(Protection (Working
WEST) EAST)
The diagram in Fig. 5.11 shows the signal path in the event of a fault (e.g. “signal fail”)
on one of the two lines “West” from network element “F” seen from the principle diagram
(line G-F).
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SLD/T16-2.5
A B C
D Principle diagram
G F E
UNEQ
STM-16
(Operation (Protection
West) East)
OIS16 OIS16
STM-16 STM-16
(Protection Operation
West) East)
Fig. 5.11 BSHR-4 in the Event of a Line Interruption on Working Line West
Fig. 5.12 shows the signal path in the event of a fault (e.g. “signal fail”) on both lines
“West” (working and protection) from network element “F”, seen from the principle dia-
gram (line G-F).
78 A30808-X3580-H501-1-7618
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SLD/T16-2.5
A B C
D Principle diagram
G F E
STM-16
(Working (Protection
WEST) EAST)
OIS16 OIS16
STM-16
(Protection (Working
WEST) EAST)
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Card Release Switching can be used in combination with (1+1)-MSP and (1:1)-MSP and
also with BSHR-2 and BSHR-4.
Fig. 5.13 shows an example of (1+1) multiplex section protection in “Protection” state
without effective CRS. The transmission signal was diverted to the protection line, the
OIS working module is operating fault-free.
OIS1/4/16 (working)
PCU
SNL
OIS1/4/16 (protection)
Fig. 5.14 shows an example of a (1+1) multiplex section protection in “Protection” status
with effective CRS. The transmission signal here was diverted on both the transmission
line and on the working OIS module to the “Protection Line”/”OIS protection card”.
OIS1/4/16 (working)
PCU
SNL
PCU
OIS1/4/16 (protection)
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AU4/VC4 AU4/VC4
SL device
SL device
AU4/VC4 AU4/VC4
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• Internal initiation
– Trail signal fail (TSF): This criterion is generated by the HPOM function (High Or-
der POH Monitor), e.g. server signal fail (SSF) of the Multiplex Section Adaption-
function
– Trail signal degraded (TSD): This criterion is generated by the HPOM function
(High Order POH Monitor), e.g. Degraded defects (dDEG) as per ETSI
– ISDH signal fail (module SNL)
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• A PBX interface
An analog 2-wire a/b interface for DTMF dialing or pulse dialing is used to connect
a private branch exchange or a public exchange.
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Clock pulse T4
Selection Selection
suppres-
A C
sion
Clock pulse
suppression
4
T1
2 Selection
T3 SETG T0
B
Osc.
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6.1 Racks
The racks used should comply with the dimensions recommended by ETSI (European
Telecommunications Standards Institute): W = 600 mm, H = 2200 mm and D = 200 mm
(empty), 300 mm (equipped) (ETS 300 119-3).
A rack may include up to three subracks of the type SLD16 or SLR16 or two of the type
SLD16E (see typical equipping configurations Fig. 6.1).
The subrack is secured on the front of the rack. To make fitting easier, there are two sup-
port lugs in each case which have to be fitted in the points on the front of the rack where
the BGTs have to be installed. The space provided at both sides between the subracks
and the rack wall is available for cabling the subracks with one another and the copper
connecting cable of the telecommunications center and the point behind the subracks is
reserved for the FO cables. Each connecting point (connector) can also be accessed for
a cabled rack, e.g. for subsequent equipping without interrupting the line.
The top-most rack slot is used for fitting a terminal panel with the connecting elements
for the operating point. The terminal panel contains the fuse panels with up to six line
circuit breakers each as well as a module for signaling according to construction practice
7R.
The bottom of the rack is open so as to let in fresh air; likewise the top of the rack is open
as an air outlet and cable feed-through. The modules are ventilated by means of free
convection. If required, (e.g. in shelters with high room temperature) air conducting ele-
ments can be fitted between the subracks.
The rack is secured to a floor rail with pins. Height-adjustable feet can compensate for
floor unevenness of up to 25 mm. Fastening sets are available for fitting under a planar
cable shelf. Doors have not been provided for the racks.
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SLD16
SLD16E
SLD16
SLT16E
SLT16
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For every SL device in the rack, a Medium Attachment Unit MAU can be installed in the
rack terminal panel if required. This allows the symmetrical Q-B3 interface of the SL
equipment to be adapted to the coaxial Ethernet interface of an LAN network for remote
access of an LCT/NCT or TMN. The SL equipment, can be connected with coaxial ca-
bles via the MAU (also via several racks).
The rack cabling needed for commissioning the rack is described in the installation and
i test manual ITMN.
88 A30808-X3580-H501-1-7618
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SLD/T16-2.5
201 202 203 204 205 206 207 208 209 210 211 212
A1 A1 A1 A1 A1 A1 A1 A1
CUST- IN/OUT
A2 A2 A2 A2 A2 A2 A2 A2
A3 A3 A3 A3 A3 A3 A3 A3
A1
A4 A4 A4 A4 A4 A4 A4 A4
A5 A5 A5 A5 A5 A5 A5 A5
Dummy cover
A6 A6 A6 A6 A6 A6 A6 A6 ON
A2
A7 A7 A7 A7 A7 A7 A7 A7
ON
PSUTP
A3
A8 A8 A8 A8 A8 A8 A8 A8
EBSL
LTU LTU LTU LTU LTU LTU LTU LTU TIF
301
C1 G1 H1 J1
E1 F1
A1 B1 D1
T3/T4 T3/T4
75Ω
120Ω
Q G2 H2 SRAP-PI
AUX1 AUX2 F E&M Bw7R
A EL RT
B
401 402 403 404 405 406 407 408 409 410 411 412 413 414 415 416
EIPS1, OB, OP, OIS1, OIS4
OB, OP
OB, OP
A2 A1 A2 A1 A2 A1 A2 A1
OIS16
OIS16
OIS16
OIS16
(405)
(411)
SCU
OHA
SNL
SNL
CLL
CLL
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101 A1 B1
201 202 203 204 205 206 207 208 209 210 211 212
A1 A1 A1 A1 A1 A1 A1 A1 A1
CUST- IN/OUT
A2 A2 A2 A2 A2 A2 A2 A2 A2
A3 A3 A3 A3 A3 A3 A3 A3 A3
A1
A4 A4 A4 A4 A4 A4 A4 A4 A4
A5 A5 A5 A5 A5 A5 A5 A5 A5
A6 A6 A6 A6 A6 A6 A6 A6 A6 ON
A2
A7 A7 A7 A7 A7 A7 A7 A7 A7
ON
PSUTP
A3
A8 A8 A8 A8 A8 A8 A8 A8 A8
EBSL
LTU LTU LTU LTU LTU LTU LTU LTU LTU TIF
301
M1 N1 P1
A1 B1 C1 D1 E1 F1 G1 H1 J1 K1 L1
T3/T4 T3/T4
75Ω
AUX1 AUX3 AUX5 F E&M Bw7R Q Q 120Ω
AUX2 AUX4 AUX6 M2 N2 SRAP-PI
A EL RT
B
401 402 403 404 405 406 407 408 409 410 411 412 413 414 415 416 417
CS4, EIPS1, OB, OP, OIS1, OIS4
OB, OP
OB, OP
OB, OP
OHA
OHA
CLL
CLL
501 502 503 504 505 506 507 508 509 510 511
OB, OP
OB, OP
OB, OP
OB, OP
OB, OP
OB, OP
A2 A1 A2 A1 A2 A1 A2 A1 A2 A1 A2 A1
OIS16
OIS16
OIS16
OIS16
OIS16
OIS16
OHA
SCU
SNL
SNL
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SLD16 SLD16,
SLT16
SLD16E SLD16E,
SLT16E
The equipped subracks form a complete functional unit, so that operation without a rack
is also possible in a room suitable for telecommunications equipment. Ensure that there
is sufficient ventilation.
Maximum equipping of the three subrack types is shown in Tab. 6.2. However, because
the specified module slots can optionally be equipped with different modules in a few
cases, the given maximum number of modules can be reduced in individual cases.
SLD16 16 8 8 8 2 (+2) 10 10 1 2 1 2
SLD16E 28 9 8 8 4 (+2) 19 19 3 2 1 2
The equipping possible for a network element can be determined via the application
software of the network element from the “Possible Equipping Info”.
6.3.5 Modules
Plug-in modules are functional elements which can be exchanged independently of
each other with special, decentralized power supply (except for the LTU).
Synchronous line equipment can be adapted to the desired tasks (add/drop or terminal
function with the number of optical and electrical interfaces needed in each case) by
simply adding or replacing modules. In synchronous add/drop line multiplexers and syn-
chronous line terminals, modules of the same type are used.
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All plug-in modules (except for the LTU and TIF modules) measure 265 mm x 235 mm
according to DIN 43 356, but their equipping height is not the same so that when they
are positioned vertically in the insets, slots with different widths are allocated to them.
Depending on the module type, the plug-in modules are assembled on 6 to 18 layered
printed circuit boards equipped on both sides. For ESD reasons, each module has an
outer grounding edge which is connected to the frame ground (see Fig. 6.4).
Mechanical
coding
Outer grounding edge
Label
Insertion
and
extrac-
tion aid
Inser-
tion and
Label
extrac-
tion aid Outer grounding edge
Mechanical
coding
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7.1 General
Each synchronous add/drop line multiplexer SLD16 and each synchronous line terminal
SLT16 has an “embedded” operating system with UNIX mechanisms in the SCU (see
Chapter 4.3.4.3) to monitor and control the other modules and to store device-specific
status information.
The boot firmware is stored in the Boot EPROM of the SCU module as well as in the
FEPROMs of the individual Peripheral Control Unit (PCU) (see Fig. 7.1). The software
of the operating system and the configuration data of the SL equipment is stored on a
Flash EPROM on the SCU module.
SCU
Synchronous Control Unit
Startup
PCU
Peripheral Control Unit
Basic Application
RAM SCU Software Software
FEPROM
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• The operating software as basis for application software which contains all the task-
specific software sections (it provides the universal user interface between applica-
tion software and base software).
The infrastructure needed to start up/shut down the software processes, for download-
ing larger data quantities via FTP and for further processes is provided by the base soft-
ware.
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7.5 IP Tunneling
The IP2OSI adapter provides the possibility of interconnecting the different DCN net-
working technologies TCP/IP and ISO/OSI. It makes it possible to tunnel IP traffic
through an OSI domain to the respective destination IP subnet. For this purpose it uses
the OSI routing principles. So the IP2OSI adapter is an application which is running at
network elements representing crossing between IP and OSI networks, called IPOSI
gateways. It works at network level.
7.8.1 LCT
The LCT is a commercial notebook PC (hardware) with an appropriate software pack-
age. The entire software package consists of the NE-UniGATE software and network
element-specific software components as for the SLD16 (see Fig. 7.2). For all network
elements of the second SDH Generation there are corresponding SW modules.
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This modular software concept makes it possible to integrate the network element-spe-
cific software components needed for a specific network configuration into an overall
package.
For future expansion with additional network elements, further software components
can be added at any time.
TransXpress
Local Craft SMA1
Terminal
SMA4
SMA4C
SMA16
Software
Modules for SLR16
Network Ele-
Windows SLD16
ments
File Transfer
NE-UniGATE SLD16E
Protocol
Software
(SW download)
WL
Communica-
tion protocol
Features
• Each individual network element can be addressed, configured and interrogated lo-
cally.
• “Remote” operation makes it possible to access any remote network element in the
transmission network.
• Optional display of the performance data of the local or any other network element.
• Configuration changes which are easy to make via the LCT at local or remote NEs
facilitate the quick and cost-effective provision of new services.
• Standard platform supported by Windows embedded in a Microsoft-based SW en-
vironment.
• A common operating software integrates all the network element types of the sec-
ond SDH generation in the management system.
• Graphical user interface adapted to other Windows applications and therefore no
computer-specific user training is required.
• Five user classes ensure a high access security; user identification and password
are used for access control.
• Software download and software upgrade can be carried out at any NE in the net-
work.
• Fast access of up to 150 NE possible via an address list.
• LCT supports the TransXpress network elements of the second SDH generation like
SLD16/SLT16, SLD16E/SLT16E, SLR16, SMA1, SMA4, SMA4C, SMA16 and WL.
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Fig. 7.3 gives an overview of the software architecture of operating terminals LCT and
NCT.
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FTP
NE-UniGATE
Operating System
Windows NT
Fig. 7.3 Software Architecture of the Operating Terminals LCT and NCT
7.8.2 NCT
The NCT is a standard PC (hardware) with an appropriate software package. The entire
software package consists of the NE-UniGATE software and network element-specific
software components as for SLD16 (see Fig. 7.4). For all network elements of the sec-
ond SDH generation there are corresponding SW components.
The modular software concept of the NCT makes it possible to integrate the network el-
ement-specific software components needed for a specific network configuration into an
overall package.
For future expansion with additional network elements, further software components
can be added at any time.
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TransXpress
SMA1
Network Craft
Terminal
SMA4
SMA4C
SMA16
Software
Modules for SLR16
Network Ele-
ments SLD16
Windows
SLD16E
File Transfer
NE-UniGATE
Protocol
Software WL
(SW Download)
Communica-
tion protocol
Features
• Display of all the NEs in the monitoring range and their operating/alarm states as a
graphic network overview.
• Separate access to each NE in the monitoring range.
• Displaying the performance data of any NE from the monitoring area.
• Collecting alarm messages arriving from the NEs (Alarm History).
• Fault diagnosis for an NE alarm to be carried out by a central point.
• Configuration changes which are easy to make via the NCT at any NE facilitate the
quick and cost-effective provision of new services.
• The size of the monitoring range can be adapted flexibly to the requirements of the
network operator.
• Standard platform supported by Windows embedded in a Microsoft-based SW en-
vironment.
• A common operating software integrates all the network element types of the sec-
ond SDH generation in the management system.
• Graphical user interface adapted to other Windows applications and therefore no
computer-specific user training is required.
• Five user classes ensure a high access security; user identification and password
are used for access control.
• Software download and software upgrade can be carried out centrally for any NE in
the network.
• Simultaneous monitoring of up to 150 network elements.
• NCT supports the following TransXpress network elements of the second SDH gen-
eration: SLD16/SLT16, SLD16E/SLT16E, SLR16, SMA1, SMA4, SMA4C, SMA16,
WL.
• NE-UniGATE V6 offers a lot of new features, which are for instance:
– NE-UniGATE V6 upgrades network configurations and passwords of previous
versions (>= V3) when being started the first time after installation or
– NE-UniGATE V6 contains an NE-proxy service acting as a gateway between OSI
and IP networks, which allows access to OSI networks via Internet.
(For more information see the operating manual of NE-UniGATE V6)
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8.1 Commissioning
The synchronous line equipment has to be configured on initial commissioning. For this
purpose, a Local Craft Terminal (LCT) has to be connected to the Q-F interface of the
SL equipment. The hardware and software requirements at the craft terminal are de-
scribed in Chapter 5.1.2.1. The craft terminal offers a graphical, menu-driven user inter-
face (GUI).
Detailed information for commissioning synchronous line equipment and the operating
i terminals are explained in the Installation and Test Manual ITMN.
8.2 Operation
Operation of the synchronous line equipment is explained in detail in the operating man-
i ual OMN:SL.
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On the front of the TIF module there are two switches to select the 64-kbit/s channels
(see Chapter 4.3.5.2).
The functioning of the switches is explained in more detail in the Installation and Test
i Manual ITMN.
Local Craft Terminal LCT is permanently allocated to the local network element.
Organizational relationships between the synchronous line equipment in the network
(network elements) are only available via the Network Craft Terminal NCT and not via
the Local Craft Terminal LCT (see Chapter 5.1.3).
8.3 Maintenance
Maintenance of the synchronous line equipment is described in the Maintenance Man-
i ual MMN.
The alarm and maintenance concept of the system provides sufficient alarm information
to localize and clear the fault at module level. The equipment has been designed in such
a way that no regular settings are required.
Maintenance measures (e.g. fault localizing) can be carried out locally via the operating
terminal interface Q-F (LCT) or under remote control via the Q-B3 interface (LCT/NCT
or a network management system).
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9 Technical Data
User class
acc. to ITU-T G.957, G.scs, draft G.mcs (G.692) . . . . . S-16.1 L-16.1
Transmitting side
Laser type . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1300-nm laser DFB 1300-nm standard SLM-Laser
in Code: in Code:
S-16.1 L-16.1
Spectral width (–20 dB) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . nm <1 <1
Side mode suppression . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . dB >30 >30
Extinction ratio value . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . dB > 8.2 > 8,2
Transmitting level (Point S acc. to ITU-T G.957/G.scs) dBm –5 to 0 –1 to 2
Receiving side
Receiving diode . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Short haul receiver APD standard
(PIN or APD standard)
Receiving level for BER ≤ 10-10
(Point R acc. to ITU-T G.957) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . dBm –18 to 0 –27 to –6
Regenerator section
Fiber type: Single-mode fiber
Permissible dispersion . .. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ps/nm 300 300
Loss by dispersion . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . dB <1 <1
Permissible section attenuation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . dB 0 to 12 8 to 25
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User class
acc. to ITU-T G.957, Gscs, draft G.mcs L-16.2 JE-16.2 JE-G.scs16.2
(G.692) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . L-16.3 JE-16.3 JE-G.scs16.3
Transmiting side
Laser type . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . DFB 1550 nm DFB 1550 nm DFB with integrated
standard standard external modulator
in combination with
High-power High-power
SLM laser SLM laser booster booster
in Code: in Code: in Code: in Code:
L-16.2 JE-16.2 U-16.2 U-16.2
L-16.3 JE-16.3 U-16.3 U-16.3
Transmission level
(S according to ITU-T G.957) . . . . . . . . . . . . dBm –1 to +2 +2.5 to +5 +13 to +16 +13 to +16
Receiving side
Receiver type . . .. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . APD APD APD APD
Standard High- Standard Standard with
Sensitivity Optical Pream-
plifier
Regenerator section
Fiber type: Single-mode fiber
Permissible dispersion . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ps/nm 1800 (L-16.2) 2400 4500 4500
600 (L-16.3)
Loss by dispersion . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . dB <2 (L-16.2) <2 <2 <2
<1 (L-16.3)
Permissible section attenuation
(Dispersion at max. section attenuation tak-
en into account) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . dB 8 to 25 (L-16.2) 14 to 31 22 to 39 31 to 51
8 to 26 (L-16.3)
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STM-16 Unit for WDM applica- for WDM for WDM applica-
tions 100 km applications tions 600 km
(8 dBm) (23 dBm) (8 dBm)
User class
acc. to ITU-T G.957, Gscs, draft G.mcs (G.692) G.692
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STM-16 Unit for WDM applica- for WDM for WDM applica-
tions 100 km applications tions 600 km
(8 dBm) (23 dBm) (8 dBm)
Transmitting side
Laser type . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . DFB 1550 nm high- DFB 1550 nm SLM DFB 1550 nm SLM
power SLM laser laser with integrated laser with integrated
modulator modulator
Spectral width (–20 dB) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . nm 0.6 0.1 n.a.
Side mode suppression . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . dB >30 >30 >34
Extinction ratio value . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . dB >8.2 >10 >11
Transmission level
(S according to ITU-T G.957, G.scs) . . . . . . . . . . . dBm +1 to +4 –3.5 to –1.5 –3.5 to –1.5
Receiving side
Receiving diode . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . APD High Sensitivity APD Standard
Maximum bit fault frequency for a given opt.
signal/noise ratio OSNR in the range
–20 dBm ≤ Pin ≤ 6 dBm . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . OSNR/dB*nm 0.8 (BER 10–4)
4.3 (BER 10–10)
5.8 (BER 10–12)
6.8 (BER 10–13)
Receiving level for BER ≤ 10-10
(R according to ITU-T G.957) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . dBm –30.5 to –9 n.a.
Regenerator section
Fiber type: Single-mode fiber
Permissible dispersion . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ps/nm 1800 4800 10000
Loss by dispersion . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . dB 2 2 2
Permissible section attenuation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 13 to 29.5 n.a. n.a.
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Transmitting side
Laser type . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . DFB standard SLM
in Code:
L-4.1
Spectral width (root mean square) . . . nm <1.0
Side mode suppression . . . . . . . . . . . . . dB >30
Extinction ratio value . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . dB >10
Transmission level
(S according to ITU-T G.957) . . . . . . . . dBm –3 to 0
Receiving side
Receiving diode . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . PIN
Receiving level for BER ≤ 10-10
(R according to ITU-T G.957) . . . . . . . . dBm –28 to 0
Regenerator section
Fiber type: Single-mode fiber
Permissible dispersion . . . . . . . . . . . . . ps/nm 130
Loss by dispersion . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . dB <1
Permissible section attenuation
(Dispersion at max. section attenua-
tion taken into account) . . . . . . . . . . . . . dB 0 to 24
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Application class
according to ITU-T G.957 G.scs . . . . . . . . . L-4.2 JE-4.2 JE-G.scs4.2 JE-G.scs4.2
L-4.3 JE-4.3 JE-G.scs4.3 JE-G.scs4.3
Transmitting side
Laser type . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . DFB DFB DFB High Power DFB High Power
standard standard SLM SLM in combination SLM in combination
SLM laser with optical amplifier with optical amplifier
laser in Code:
in Code: JE-4.2 in Code: in Code:
L-4.2 JE-4.3 U-4.2 U-4.2
L-4.3 U-4.3 U-4.3
Spectral width (–20 dB) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . nm <1 <0,5 <0,5 <0,5
Side mode suppression . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . dB >30 >32.5 >32.5 >32.5
Extinction ratio value . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . dB >10 >10 >10 >10
Transmission level
(S according to ITU-T G.957) . . . . . . . . . . . dBm –3 to 0 2 to 5 13 to 16 13 to 16
Receiving side
Receiving diode . . .. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . PIN APD Standard
Regenerator section
Fiber type: Single-mode fiber
Permissible dispersion . .. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ps/nm 2500 3500 3500 3500
Loss by dispersion . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . dB <1 <1 <2 <2
Permissible section attenuation
(Dispersion at max. section attenuation
taken into account) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . dB 0 to 24 13 to 37 24 to 47 31 to 56
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Transmitting side
Laser diode . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Fabry Perot DFB
in Code: in Code:
L-1.1 L-1.2, L1.3
Spectral width
(root mean square) . . . . . . . . . . . . nm <4,0 –
(measured 20 dB below max. level) . nm – <1,0
Side mode suppression . . . . . . . . . . . . dB n.a. >30
Extinction factor. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . dB >10 >10
Transmit level
(S according to ITU-T G.957). . . . . . . . dBm –3 to 0 –3 to –0
Receiving side
Receive diode . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . PIN PIN
Receive level for BFH ≤ 10–10
(R according to ITU-T G.957). . . . . . dBm –34 to 0 –34 to 0
Regenerator section
Fiber type: Single-mode fiber
Permitted dispersion . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ps/nm 185 2500
Loss by dispersion . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . dB <1 <1
Permissible section attenuation
(Dispersion at max. section attenuation
taken into account) . . . . . . . . . . . . . dB 0 to 30 0 to 30
Electromagnetic Compatibility
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SLD/T16 32 32 8 4 10 10
SLD/T16E 36 36 9 6 19 19
Tab. 9.7 Line and Tributary Interfaces with Maximum Possible Ports
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Input (Sensor)
monitors the input voltage to ground
No signal . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Open (U < –10 V)
Signal present . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . For ground (U > –3 V)
Output (Actor)
FET switch to ground
No signal . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Open (> 100 kΩ)
Signal present . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . For ground (< 50 Ω)
The polarity is reversible for all the inputs and outputs via software settings.
Ports . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1
Transmission bandwidth . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 300 Hz to 3400 Hz
Relative levels:
Outgoing . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . –12 dBr
Incoming . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 0 dBr
Impedance (ZL) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 220 Ω + (820 Ω parallel 115 nF)
Return loss referred to ZL:
500 Hz to 2000 Hz. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . > 18 dB
300 Hz to 3400 Hz. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . > 14 dB
Balance attenuation to ground:
300 Hz to 3400 Hz. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . > 40 dB
Supply voltage. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . > 35 V
Constant current supply . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 35 mA
Max. loop resistance . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . < 1000 Ω
Seizure type . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Telephone handset
(off-hook)
Dialing signal:
Procedure . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . DTMF
Receiving range . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . –20 dBm0 to –4 dBm0
Transmission range. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . –12.5 dBm0 to –7.5 dBm0
Ringing signal transmission:
Ringing signal voltage . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . > 42 V
Ringing signal frequency . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 25 Hz
Audio signal:
Transmission level. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . –10 dBm0
Frequency . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 425 Hz
4-wire Interface
Useable ports . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2
Transmission bandwidth . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 300 Hz to 3400 Hz
Relative levels:
Outgoing . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . –4 dBr
Incoming . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . –4 dBr
Impedance (ZL) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 600 Ω
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PABX Interface
Useable ports . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1
Transmission bandwidth. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 300 Hz to 3400 Hz
Relative levels
Outgoing. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . –4 dBr
Incoming. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . –8 dBr
Impedance (ZL) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 220 Ω + (820 Ω parallel 115 nF)
Return loss referred to ZL:
500 Hz to 2000 Hz . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . > 18 dB
300 Hz to 3400 Hz . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . > 14 dB
Balance attenuation to ground:
300 Hz to 3400 Hz . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . > 40 dB
Seizure
Busy mode . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . off hook
DC resistance. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . about 500 Ω
Max. feeding current . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 60 mA
Dialing signal:
Method . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . DTMF or pulse dialing
Range (receive) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . –20 dBm0 to –4 dBm0
Range (transmit) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . –12,5 dBm0 to –7,5 dBm0
c-wire busy mode . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . earth at c-wire
Ringing detection:
Ringing voltage . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 25 V to 80 V
Ringing frequency . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 16 Hz to 25 Hz
Distance (SLD device to PBX):
Diameter 0,4 mm . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . about 2 km
Diameter 0,6 mm . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . about 3 km
External Ringer
Ports . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1
Signaling. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Triggered by ground potential
Switching voltage . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Max. –75 V
Switching current . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Max. 40 mA
Quiescent voltage. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Max. –2.5 V
Quiescent current . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Max. 0.5 mA
Overload functions of the interface Current limitation, short-circuit
strength, limitation of relay dis-
connection voltage
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Q5 – Unknown quality
Tab. 9.8 Quality Levels for the Reference Clock Pulse (Cont.)
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Modules:
CLL. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 20 x 265 x 235
CLL64-2 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 20 x 265 x 235
CS4 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 22,5 x 265 x 235
EBSL . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 20 x 54 x 142
EIPS1 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 20 x 265 x 235
LTU . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 20 x 64 x 142
OB . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 25 x 265 x 235
OHA . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 22.5 x 265 x 235
OIS16 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 45 x 265 x 235
OIS16-2 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 45 x 265 x 235
OIS4 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 25 x 265 x 235
OIS4-2 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 25 x 265 x 235
OIS1 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 25 x 265 x 235
OP . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 25 x 265 x 235
PSUTP . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 20 x 54 x 142
SCU-R2/SCU-R2E . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 37.5 x 265 x 235
SNL . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 25 x 265 x 235
TIF . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 35 x 81 x 161
CLA . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 50 x 195x 125
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9.9 Weights in kg
Rack according to ETSI. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 20.0
Subrack (unequipped):
SLD16 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 10.0
SLD16E . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 18.0
Modules:
CLL . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 0.5
CLL64-2. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 0.5
CS4 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 0.6
EBSL . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 0,2
EIPS1 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 0.7
LTU . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 0.2
OB . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 0.8
OHA. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 0.5
OIS16 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1.9
OIS16-2 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1.9
OIS4 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 0.8
OIS4-2 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 0.8
OIS1 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 0.8
OP . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 0.8
SCU-R2/SCU-R2E . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 0.8
SNL . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 0.9
TIF . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 0.2
CLA . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 0.8
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10 Product Overview
For information about the ordering numbers of the parts listed below, please contact the
i equipment suppliers’ sales department.
10.2 Subrack
Subrack type SLD16
Subrack type SLD16E
10.3 Modules
Modules for Main Signal Transmission
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10.5.1 Hardware
Notebook (LCT)
Desktop (NCT)
SNI SCENIC Pro C5
64 Mbyte (for Win-NT4.0)
10.5.2 Software
LCT/NCT - Kernel-Software
Documentation on paper:
User Manual UMN
(contains TED, ITMN, OMN:SL and MMN)
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OMN:NE-UniGATE
available on CD-ROM or on paper (in a folder)
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11 Abbreviations
This chapter contains all the abbreviations of the operating documentation for
SLD/T16-2.5.
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