Objectives:

To Study the performance of Liquid to liquid ,counter

flow heat exchanger with multi pass.

Readings:-

Heat Exchanger: Multi-Tube Hot tube/Cold

Shell
Flow Arrangement: Counter flow All air
Purged
Immersion Heater Setting: 9Kw Thermocal-
10%
Hot Thermostat Setting: 50 C
Cp= 4.18Kj/kg.k

Hot Sides

Test Flow m T1 (in) T2 Diff. Velocity in

no. tubs
o o
(L/mi (kg/s) C (out) C
n)
o
C
1 5 0.083 52 40 12 0.05203109
3
2 10 0.167 52.5 44.5 8 0.10468906
7
3 15 0.25 53 46.5 6.5 0.15672016
4 20 0.333 53 48 5 0.20875125
4

Cold Sides

Test Flow m T1 T2 Diff.

no. (in)
 o o
(L/mi (kg/s) C (out) C Veloci
n) ty in
o tubs
C
1 10 0.166 3 9 6 0.1
2 10 0.166 3 11 8 0.1
3 10 0.166 4 13 9 0.1
4 10 0.166 5 15 10 0.1

Trial DT 1 DT 2 DT m
1 52 40 45.7379
3624
2 52.5 44.5 48.3898
3419
3 53 46.5 49.6791
4876
4 53 48 50.4587
1888

Tria q(W) U(W/m2

l .oC)
1 4163 439.732
.28 647
2 5584 557.517
.48 187
3 6792 660.518
.5 758
4 6959 666.321
.7 696

Calculations:

To Calculate q for trial 1:

q = m*Cp*DT

q = 0.083*4180*12 = 4163.28 W = 4.1632 KW

To Calculate the velocity:

m = 5**V*A, =997kg/m3

Area of 1tube= .25* π *.022=.00032m2

V=0.052 m/s

To find U:

q=U A DTm, A=20.7*10-2 m2

4.1632KW = U *A * 45.73793624

U= 439.732647 (W/m2.oC)

Cold Sides

Test Flow m T1 T2 Diff. Veloci

no. (in) ty in
o o
tubs
(L/mi (kg/s) C (out) C
n)
o
C
1 10 0.166 3 9 6 0.1
2 10 0.166 3 11 8 0.1
3 10 0.166 4 13 9 0.1
4 10 0.166 5 15 10 0.1

Tria q(W) U(W/m2

l .oC)
1 4163 3682.63
.28 331
2 5551 4355.29
.04 699
3 6244 3950.94
.92 265
4 6938 3682.63
.8 331
Calculations:
To Calculate q for trial 1:

q = m*Cp*DT

q = 0.1667 *4180* 6 = 4163.28 W

To find U:

q=U A DTm

Same as the hot side., where A = 20.7*10-2 m2

U = 4163.28 / (20.7*10-2 * 45.73793624) = 3682.63331

(W/m2.oC)

Discussion:

The water flow rate in the hot side will transfer heat to the
cold side, where theoretically heat rejected by hot side
equals heat gained by the cold side.
In counter flow heat exchanger the flow of the hot fluid is
in opposite direction of the cold fluid.
Increasing the mass flow rate will increase q on both sides
as shown in the figures.U will also increase with the
increase of mass flow rate.
q rejected must equal q absorbed. In this experiment there
was some deviation from the law of conservation of
energy. For example q for the hot & cold sides in the 2 nd
trial: 8000

This means that there is heat loss during heat transfer.

Sources 7000
of errors are due to heat loss,error in taking
reading 6000
and in calculation

5000
Q ( W)

4000

3000

2000

1000

0
0 5 10 15 20 25
f;ow rat ( L/min)