12 DD Technical Specification For Ciil Works

FEDERAL DEMOCRATIC REPUBLIC OF ETHIOPIA
DIRE DAWA ADMINISTRATION COUNCIL
DIRE DAWA CITY WATER SUPPLY & SEWERAGE AUTHORITY (DDWSSA)
DIREDAWA WATER SUPPLY & SANITATION PROJECT

IDA -CREDIT No-4292-ET and
IDA Grant 287 –ET Additional Credit No.5115
VOLUME - II
PART I-TECHNICAL SPECIFICATION
PART II- QUANTITIES
Lot I- Construction of Pipes (Trench Excavation, Backfilling and Pipe Laying), Asphalt
Reinstatement and Junction boxes
Lot II- Construction of Reservoirs, Ancillary Buildings and Access Roads
October, 2013
Diredawa (Ethiopia)
Technical Specification for Civil Works Construction and Installation of Pipe & Fittings
TECHNICAL SPECIFICATION AND BILL OF QUANTITIES

TABLE OF CONTENTS
PART - I TECHNICAL SPECIFICATION 0100 PROJECT LOCATION AND SUMMARY OF WORK 1
010 DESCRIPTION AND SCOPE OF WORK................................................................................................................2
02 00 PROVISIONAL SUMS 2
0300 MEASUREMENTS AND PAYMENT 2
0310 MEASUREMENT..........................................................................................................................................2
0320 PAYMENT INCLUDED.................................................................................................................................2
0400 CO-ORDINATIONS 3
0410 CO-ORDINATION.........................................................................................................................................3
0420 CO-ORDINATION WITH ELECTRICAL POWER UTILITY.....................................................................3
0430 CO-ORDINATION WITH OVERSEAS SUPPLY CONTRACTORS...........................................................3
0440 CO-ORDINATION WITH THE ELECTRICAL & MECHANICAL CONTRACTOR................................3
0500 REGULATORY REQUIREMENTS 3
0510 BRIDGE AND HIGHWAY CROSSINGS......................................................................................................3
0520 POWER LINE CROSSING............................................................................................................................3
0530 WORK IN VICINITY OF OVERHEAD POWER LINES............................................................................3
0540 CONSTRUCTION SAFETY REQUIREMENTS..........................................................................................4
0600 ABBREVIATIONS AND SYMBOLS 4
01000 MOBILIZATIONS 5
10100 TEMPORARY UTILITIES 5
11200 BARRICADES AND ENCLOSURES 6
11300 ACCESS ROADS AND PARKING AREAS 7
11400 TEMPORARY CONTROLS 7
11500 TRAFFIC REGULATIONS 8
11600 PROJECT IDENTIFICATION AND SIGNS 9
11700 FIELD OFFICES AND SHEDS 9
11800 MATERIAL AND EQUIPMENT 11
11900 CONTRACT CLOSEOUT 13
0700 SUBMITTALS 14
0800 QUALITY CONTROL 15
0900 GEOTECHNICAL INVESTIGATIONS 16
12000 SITE PREPARATION 17
12100 EXCAVATING, BACKFILLING, AND COMPACTING FOR STRUCTURES 20
12200 TRENCH EXCAVATION AND BACKFILL GENERAL 28
12300 SITE WORK, EXCAVATION AND EMBANKMENT CONSTRUCTION 38
12800 WATER SYSTEMS 49
12900 BARBED WIRE FENCES AND STEEL GATES 59
13100 CONCRETE FORMWORK 64
13200 CONCRETE REINFORCEMENT 68
13300 CONCRETE 72
13400 MASONRY 85
13500 METAL FABRICATIONS 94
13600 CARPENTRY 99
13700 DOORS AND WINDOWS 103
13800 FINISHES 106
13900 PAINTING AND PROTECTIVE COATINGS 110
14000 PLUMBING & SANITARY INSTALLATION 8
14100 ELECTRICAL WORKS 15
15000 BOREHOLE DRILLING 21
PART - I TECHNICAL SPECIFICATION

0100 GENERAL
0101 Location
0102 Description Project Units

The following are units of works planned to be constructed and installed:
Lot I
Lot II
The project main components are classified in to two lots and one package. The contractor shall use this
one comprehensive technical specification for both lots of according to the specific requirements of
work units stated in the bill of Quantities. The project components under the two lots are summarized
below:
0300 MEASUREMENTS AND PAYMENT
0310 MEASUREMENT
Methods of measurement for payment are detailed in the s of the specification covering the various work
items.
0320 PAYMENT INCLUDED

Where a of the specification does not specify a method of payment, payment for the work described in
that will be deemed to be included in another pay item or items, and no additional payment will be
made.
0400 CO-ORDINATIONS
0410 CO-ORDINATION
The Contractor is solely responsible for the Co-ordination of the Works including all Work performed by
Sub-contractors.
0420 CO-ORDINATION WITH ELECTRICAL POWER UTILITY

The Contractor shall be responsible for arranging the time of connection of electrical power to all
permanent facilities requiring electricity and paying for any temporary power requirement of the
Contractor.
0430 CO-ORDINATION WITH OVERSEAS SUPPLY CONTRACTORS

The Contractor shall coordinate with Overseas Supply Contractors and arrange for the inspection and
acceptance of the materials supplied by them but installed under this Contract.
The Bill of Quantities in the Form of Tender includes items for handling and for storage at the job site.
These items will be paid by lump sum when substantially completed, or they may, at the discretion of
the Engineer, be paid proportionally when completed in stages.
0440 CO-ORDINATION WITH THE ELECTRICAL & MECHANICAL CONTRACTOR

The Contractor shall coordinate the interconnection of systems with the Electro-Mechanical (E & M)
Contractor and ensure that pipe ends are in good condition and protected from damage. Interconnection
of the water main to the pumping stations, well sites, and reservoirs shall be done by the Civil Works
Construction Contractor. The Contractor shall make a skilled crew available for system start up and
testing on seven (7) days’ notice from the Client that the E & M Contractor wishes to start and test the
total system.
0500 REGULATORY REQUIREMENTS
0510 BRIDGE AND HIGHWAY CROSSINGS

The Contractor shall familiarize himself with the requirements and regulations of the Ethiopian Road
Authority (ERA) with regard to work carried out on bridges or with in the highway right-of-way, and
shall comply with such requirements and regulations and obtain any permits required.
0520 POWER LINE CROSSING

The Contractor shall familiarize himself with the requirements and regulations of he Ethiopian Electric
Power Corporation (EEPCO) with regard to work carried out in the vicinity of the power line, and shall
comply with such requirements and regulations and obtain any permits required.
0530 WORK IN VICINITY OF OVERHEAD POWER LINES
Equipment shall not be operated where it is possible to bring such equipment or any part of the
equipment within 3m of any energized electrical conductor unless the utility company has been notified,
and either the line has been de-energized, or effectively guarded against contact, or displaced or rerouted
from the work area. For high-voltage transmission lines, a greater clearance shall be provided as
determined by the utility company.
Where practical, metallic pipe s shall not be stored under overhead high voltage power lines. If pipe s
must be stored under power lines, the Contractor shall protect personnel from the effects of induced
currents by grounding pipe s at two (2) locations with an AWG #2 copper ground conductor and
grounding rods.
0540 CONSTRUCTION SAFETY REQUIREMENTS
The Contractor shall observe and enforce construction safety measures required by the relevant statutes
and authorities. In the event of conflict between any provisions of any authorities the most stringent
provision shall apply.
0600 ABBREVIATIONS AND SYMBOLS

When references to the following capitalized abbreviations are made, they refer to specifications,
standards, or methods of the respective associations.
The number and letters following the abbreviations denote the designation for the specifications or
standards to which reference is made. All references to these specifications, standards, or methods shall,
in each instance, be understood to refer to the latest adopted revision, including all amendments.
AASHTO American Association of State Highway and Transportation Officials
ACI American Concrete Institute
AGA American Gas Association
AISC American Institute of Steel Construction
AMCA Air Moving and Conditioning Association
ANSI American National Standards Institute
API American Petroleum Institute
ASCE American Society of Civil Engineers
ASME American Society of Mechanical Engineers
ASTM American Society for Testing and Materials
AWMAC Architectural Woodworkers Manufacturers Association of Canada
AWWA American Water Works Association
AWPA American Wood Preservers Association
AWS American Welding Society
BS British Standards
CAN Canadian National Standard
CBM Certified Ballast Manufacturers
CSPI Corrugated Steel Pipe Institute
DIN West German Standards
EBCS-10 Ethiopian Building Code Standard Electrical Installation of Buildings
IBRM Institute of Boiler and Radiator manufacturers
IEC International Electrotechnical Commission
IEE Institution of Electrical Engineers (UK)
IEEE Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers, Inc.
ISA Instrument society of America
ISO International Standardization Organization
LEMA Lighting Equipment Manufacturers Association
LTIC Laminated Timber Institute of Canada
MMA Millwork Manufacturers Association

NEC National Electrical Code
NEMA National Electrical Manufacturers Association
NESC National Electric Safety Code
NFPA National fire Protection Association
PMBC Plywood Manufacturer's Association of British Columbia
RLM RLM Standards Institute, Inc.
RTAC Road and Transportation Association of Canada
SAE Society of Automotive Engineers
0600 MOBILIZATIONS
0610 MOBILIZATION
Mobilization shall consist of preparatory work and operations including, but not limited to, those
necessary to the movement of personnel, equipment, supplies and incidentals to the project site; and for
all other work and operations which must be performed or costs incurred prior to beginning work on the
various items on the project site.
0620 DEMOBILIZATION
Demobilization shall consist of cleanup work and operations including, but not limited to, those
necessary to the removal of personnel, equipment, and incidentals from the project site.
0630 PAYMENT
Payment for mobilization and demobilization will be made at the lump sum price shown in the Tender
Form. This price shall include the transport to site of all the Contractor's equipment, materials and
personnel, the establishment of a construction camp if required, and a site office for the Contractor.
Seventy-five percent (75%) of the lump sum price will be paid on the first progress payment certificate
due after the Contractor has established the operations and facilities specified. The remaining 25% will
be paid upon completion of the contract and removal of equipment and cleanup of the work areas to the
satisfaction of the Engineer.
0700 PROVISIONAL SUMS

Provisional Sums are shown in the Bill of Quantities for a number of elements of work. Each
Provisional Sum shall be expended as directed. The amount of payment under each Provisional Sum
will be determined as specified under an article of the General Conditions entitled Provisional Sum. Any
unused portions of Provisional Sums will be retained by the Client.
0800 UTILITIES AND SERVICES
0810 MAINTENANCE OF UTILITY SERVICES

Where existing utilities such as water, sewer, electricity, telephone, and gas are serving the public, work
shall be planned and executed such that there is no interruption of service provided by these utilities
without prior receipt of approval of the authorities responsible for provision and maintenance of these
utilities. The Contractor shall obtain the necessary approvals from the recognized authorities controlling
these utilities. If approval for such disruption of utility service is not granted, the Contractor may be
able to establish temporary facilities to provide continuous utility service during the course of
construction. Such temporary facilities shall only be implemented after receiving the approval of the
utility authority.
0820 TEMPORARY TELEPHONE, WATER, POWER, AND LIGHT
The Contractor shall make all necessary arrangements, at his own cost, for provision, maintenance, and
removal of temporary water, power, telephone, light, or other utilities required during construction. The
Contractor shall make all necessary applications, obtain required permits, and pay all fees and charges
for utility service and use, with the exception of long-distance telephone calls from the Engineer's office,
up to the completion of the works.
0830 SANITARY REQUIREMENTS
At the beginning of the work, the Civil Works Construction Contractor shall provide suitable and
adequate toilet facilities at the site of all major structures such as reservoirs, pump stations, and the water
treatment plant for all persons employed on the work by all Contractors and Sub-Contractors, subject to
approval of type, size, and location by the local health authorities and the Engineers. The facilities shall
be maintained in proper sanitary condition, frequently disinfected, and when directed by the Engineer,
shall be removed from the site. Any contaminated soil and material shall be removed and replaced with
fresh, clean material and the site left in a clean, sanitary condition.
The Contractor shall provide the necessary services to maintain the toilet facilities in a clean, sanitary
condition and shall furnish all toilet room supplies required by the Employees.
0840 BARRICADES AND ENCLOSURES

Trees and plants on site and adjacent properties shall be protected where shown on the drawings or
designated by the Engineer. Tree removal shall be restricted to areas indicated or designated by the
Engineer.
08410 MATERIAL STORAGE YARD & JOB SITES

The contractor shall construct secure fences and provide guards to ensure the security of the materials
storage yards and all fixed job sites such as reservoir or pump station sites. Moving job sites, such as
where pipe is being laid shall be left with a guard each night or all materials shall be removed to prevent
theft. Open trenches shall have barricades around them to prevent people or cars from accidentally
falling in at night.
0850 ACCESS ROADS AND PARKING AREAS

08510 ACCESS ROADS
Temporary roads shall be constructed as required for access to the working areas. Adequate drainage
facilities in the form of ditches, culverts, or other conduits shall be installed as found necessary to
maintain these roads.
In the construction of access roads, existing drainage facilities, natural or otherwise, shall not be
disturbed to the detriment of properties outside the working area and such facilities shall, unless
otherwise provided elsewhere in the specifications, be restored to their original condition on completion
of the work.
0860 TEMPORARY CONTROLS
08610 SURFACE WATER CONTROL

Existing culverts, enclosed drains, flumes and ditches and other drainage structures affected by the work
but left in place shall be kept clear of excavated material at all times during construction. When it is
necessary to temporarily remove an existing drainage structure, the Contractor shall provide suitable
temporary ditches or other approved means of handling the drainage during construction, and shall
replace the permanent structure promptly on completion of affected parts of the works.
Temporary drainage and pumping shall be provided to keep the site free from water.
08620 EROSION AND SEDIMENT CONTROL

Water containing excessive amounts of suspended materials shall not be pumped directly into water
ways, sewers, or drainage systems. Disposal of run-off or water containing suspended materials or other
harmful substances shall be controlled in such manner as necessary to prevent erosion and
sedimentation.
08630 DUST CONTROL

Dust caused by the Contractor's operations shall be controlled at all times by watering or other approved
means. Tank trucks equipped with spray bars, complete with suitable control apparatus, shall be used
for application of water to dusty areas.
08640 WORKS ADJACENT TO WATERWAYS

Construction equipment shall be operated with care to prevent erosion in waterways. Waterway beds
shall not be used for borrow material. Excavated fill, waste material or debris shall not be dumped in
waterways.
Temporary crossings shall be designed and constructed to minimize erosion to waterways.
08650 CONSTRUCTION CLEANING

The working area shall be maintained in an orderly manner and shall not be encumbered with equipment
materials, or debris. Cleanup shall be a continuing process from the start of the work to final acceptance
of the project. The Contractor shall at all times, and without further order, keep property on which work
is in progress free from accumulations of waste materials or rubbish caused by employees or by the
work. Accumulations of waste materials which might constitute a fire hazard will not be permitted.
Spillage from the Contractor's hauling vehicles on traveled public or private roads shall be promptly
cleaned up.
08660 DISPOSAL OF WASTES

Rubbish and waste materials shall not be buried on the site. Waste or volatile materials such as mineral
spirits, oil, or paint thinner shall not be disposed of into waterways, storm or sanitary sewers.
Burning shall be carried out at points located centrally in the site. The extent of fires burning at any one
time shall be limited by the ability of the Contractor's equipment and organization to provide adequate
protection against spreading of fires to adjacent timber or property.
Ashes from burning shall be buried or distributed over the site as designated by the Engineer.
Wastes and materials which are specified or designated by the Engineer to be disposed off and which are
not to be burnt, shall be removed from the site to disposal sites provided by the Contractor.
08670 MATERIALS TO BE SALVAGED

Materials which are specified or designated by the Engineer to be salvaged shall be removed, cleaned,
delivered, unloaded, and neatly stockpiled at a local site designated by the Client. Salvaged materials
damaged in transit or unloading shall be repaired or replaced at the Contractor's expense.
08680 BLASTING
The method and procedure employed for blasting shall be in accordance with relevant regulations. The
Contractor shall not do any blasting without first verifying that his insurance covers any loss of life or
damage that may result from this work. The Client, in granting approval for blasting, does not in any
way assume responsibility for injury, loss of life, or damage that may result there-from, and such
approval shall not be construed as approval of the methods employed by the Contractor for blasting, the
sole responsibility therefore being that of the Contractor. Damage caused by blasting shall be repaired
by the Contractor at his expense. Local police shall be informed prior to blasting.
0870 TRAFFIC REGULATIONS
08710 TRAFFIC CONTROL

08711 The Contractor shall be responsible for traffic control during construction and shall maintain
traffic movements to the satisfaction of the authorities having jurisdiction. A minimum of one
traffic lane shall be provided at all times unless otherwise permitted by the Engineer. The
Contractor shall schedule the work in manner such that disruption of normal traffic and
inconvenience to residents in the working area are kept to a minimum.
08712 Excavations or obstructions on the roadway or side-walk shall be marked with hazard markers.
If the obstructions are left overnight, they shall be marked with warning lights. The Contractor
shall supply and install all necessary temporary control devices to the satisfaction of the
authorities having jurisdiction.
08713 Temporary traffic direction signing shall be provided and maintained to ensure that traffic is not
unduly interrupted or endangered. The Contractor shall use traffic control procedures which
follow the relevant government requirements.
08714 When trenching across an existing road, the Contractor shall ensure that no more than one-half
(1/2) of the width of any road is closed at one time.
08715 Traffic shall not be permitted on newly-laid pavement until it has cooled to ambient temperature
or for 1 day minimum curing time for cut back asphalt.
0880 PROJECT IDENTIFICATION AND SIGNS
08810 CONSTRUCTION SIGNS

08811 The Contractor shall supply and erect, where directed by the Engineer, one (1) construction
sign for the project showing the following information:
1. Project name 4. Consulting Engineer's name
2. Client's name 5. Contractor's name
3. Financier’s name 6. Subcontractor's names if desired.
08812 The sign shall be approximately 1200 mm x 2400 mm in size. No other construction or
advertising signs shall be erected on the site.
08813 Signs shall be constructed by a qualified sign builder in strict accordance with the design and
color information shown on the drawings.
08814 Signs shall be removed upon completion of the project.
0890 MEASUREMENT AND PAYMENT
Payment for construction signs will be made at the lump sum price shown in the tender Form. This
price shall include the supply of all materials for construction of the sign, transport to the various site,
erection and dismantling.
08100 FIELD OFFICES AND SHEDS

08110 ENGINEER'S OFFICE
08111 The Contractor shall provide a separate and private field office for the Engineer's staff at the
project site. Each office room shall have a minimum floor area of 15 m2 plus 5 m2 for each
additional person. The office shall be adequately lighted and ventilated and shall have adequate
window area and protection from weather conditions. The office and furnishings shall include
the following:
a) One room for the Engineer and an assistant including two desks, four chairs, one 4-drawer
filing cabinet, one bookshelf, one lay-out table, two waste baskets and one extension
telephone.
b) One storage room for surveying, drafting and office supplies including one metal storage
cabinet and one flat file cabinet for large drawings.
11712 The office shall be marked with a sign approved by the Engineer.
11713 The entire cost of supplying and maintaining the office and furnishings therein, with the
exception of long-distance telephone calls made by the Engineer shall be borne by the
Contractor.
11714 All furniture used by the Engineer in the field office as well as Engineer’s office building shall
be property of the client at completion of the report.
08120 TEMPORARY BUILDINGS

08121 The Contractor shall provide and maintain on the site such substantially constructed weather-
tight structures as will adequately house and service personnel of the Contractor working on or
associated with this project. In addition, he shall furnish and maintain satisfactory weather-tight
structures with raised floors as may be required to protect adequately those materials stored on
the site, including those supplied by the Client, which might be damaged by the weather.
08122 A temporary storage shed to store pipe, valves, fittings and miscellaneous items supplied by the
Client shall be constructed by the Contractor at the project site. This shed shall be separate from
any shed required by the Contractor for his own materials and plant.
08123 This shed shall be constructed within a fenced site, protected from theft and vandalism. The
shed shall be constructed as shown on the Construction Standard Drawing. The length of the
shed shall be determined in consultation with the Engineer after award of the contract on the
basis of the delivery and installation schedules of the Client supplied materials.
08124 The locations proposed for temporary buildings used for construction purposes and the types of
the buildings shall be approved by the Engineer before erection work commences.
08125 Temporary buildings must be kept clean and free from nuisance so as not to become a danger to
the adjoining properties or to form grounds for complaints from property Clients adjacent to the
site.
08126 When temporary building facilities are no longer needed in construction, they shall be promptly
dismantled, unless otherwise specified or directed, and removed from the site.
08130 FIRST AID

The Contractor shall provide and maintain on the sites, in a clean orderly condition, completely
equipped first-aid facilities which shall be readily accessible at all times to all his employees. The
facilities and staffing shall be in accordance with all relevant Industrial First Aid Regulations and shall
include at least one person with industrial first aid training.
08140 INSTALLATION
The Contractor shall be responsible for:

11741 Providing all buildings, fencing, etc., that he may require.

11742 The erection on Site of his plant and equipment as well as the completion of the total electrical
and mechanical installation.
11743 Provision for the supply of housing for the personnel engaged on the project, the establishment
of his work yard and temporary local office.
The Contractor shall be responsible for obtaining telephones or other means of communication for his
own use and shall be deemed to have included for the costs thereof in his Tender.
The Contractor shall allow for taking delivery of and providing adequate protection to all materials and
tools at the site of the Works, and when tendering for erection shall allow for any storage facilities he
may consider necessary. The Client will assist in storing materials wherever possible but will not be
held liable for any losses whatsoever.
The price quoted in the Bill of Quantities for work under this clause will include all direct and related
costs as e.g. labour and overheads, rent of equipment, materials supplied and materials consumed, etc.
Payment will be made when the site office, workshops and storage facilities are completed to the
Engineer's satisfaction.
11750 REMOVAL
Upon completion of the Works, the Contractor shall:
11751 Remove all such buildings, except Engineer’s field office, fencing, etc., and restore the land to its
original condition.
11752 Dismantle and remove from the Site all plant, barracks, installations, work yard, offices, and
storage places, clean and clear all working places, and return all personnel to their places of
origin.
11753 Maintain a local office or representative until the Final Acceptance Certificate has been issued.
Payment for works performed under this clause will be made when all said duties are completed to the
Engineer's satisfaction.
11800 MATERIAL AND EQUIPMENT

11810 MATERIALS AND EQUIPMENT
11811 All materials and equipment furnished under this Contract shall be first class in every respect
and shall be constructed and finished in a workmanlike manner. Materials shall be suitable
for the service intended and selected and fabricated in accordance with the best engineering
practice. Equipment shall be modern in design and shall not have been in service at any
time prior to delivery except as required by tests. All safety devices shall be furnished with
the equipment.
11812 Notwithstanding any information submitted with his Tender, the Contractor shall within
seven (7) days of a written request by the Engineer, submit the following information for any
or all materials and products proposed for supply:
1. Name and address of manufacturer.

2. Trade name, model, and catalogue number.
3. Performance, descriptive, and test data.
4. Manufacturer's installation or application instructions.
5. Evidence of arrangements to procure.
11820 HANDLING AND STORAGE OF MATERIALS
11821 All materials and equipment to be incorporated in the work shall be handled and stored in
such a manner as to prevent warping, twisting, bending, breaking, chipping, rusting, and any
injury, theft, or damage of any kind whatsoever to the material or equipment.
11822 Packaged materials and equipment shall be stored and maintained in their original containers
with the manufacturer's seals and labels intact. Material and equipment shall be stored in
accordance with the supplier's instructions.
11823 Any materials and equipment which are rejected by the Engineer shall be promptly removed
from the site.
11824 Damaged factory-finished surfaces shall be touched up to the Engineer's satisfaction. Primer
or enamel to match the original coatings shall be used. Nameplates shall not be painted
over.
11830 SPECIAL TOOLS AND MATERIALS

With each piece of equipment or machinery having wearing parts and requiring periodic repair and
adjustment, all special tools, wrenches, and accessories required for removing worn parts, making
adjustments, and carrying out maintenance shall be supplied. All gauges, indicators, and lubricating
devices necessary for the proper operation of the equipment shall be furnished. The cost of these tools
and materials shall be included in the cost for the supply of the equipment or machinery for which they
are required.
11840 ALTERNATIVES
Alternative materials may be proposed for the approval of the engineer to those materials specified in
this document provided they conform to the relevant or equivalent standards.
11900 CONTRACT CLOSEOUT
11910 AS-BUILT DRAWINGS

11911 The Contractor shall, upon completion of the Work and prior to the issuance of the
Certificate of Completion, furnish to the Engineer detailed As-built drawings showing all
works constructed under this Contract. This shall include, but not necessarily be limited to
location plans, site plans, floor plans, lay-outs, s, elevations and details complete with
dimensions, sizes, data references, offsets, descriptions and other information required to
accurately describe the works and all its components.
11912 The original drawings shall be prepared in AutoCAD. The size of the drawings, title block,
lay-out, orientation and numbering shall all be first approved by the Engineer.
11913 Two copies of the As-built Drawings shall be submitted to the Engineer for his review. The
Contractor shall then submit one (1) set soft copy of complete as built drawings (6) sets of
Hard copy to the Employer and one (1) set of hard copy to the Engineer.
11920 OPERATING AND MAINTENANCE DATA

11921 The Contractor shall, upon completion of the work, and prior to the final inspection, furnish
to the Engineer six (6) sets of operating, maintenance, and, where applicable, calibration
instructions for the equipment listed in other s of the specifications. Such instructions shall
be the manufacturer's original instructions; Photostat or similar duplications or soiled and
torn literature will not be accepted. The instructions must include the manufacturer's
recommended maintenance schedules, with instructions as to how the equipment may be
taken apart for periodic inspection and maintenance.
11922 The operating and maintenance data shall be bound in loose leaf binders having hard covers
finished in a water proof and grease proof material. Volumes containing the manufacturer's
equipment literature shall be bound in separate covers dedicated to a specific facility.
Information on two or more facilities shall not be bound in a single volume. Each volume
shall contain the Client's name, project identification and facility referred to on the front
cover and spine of the document as approved by the Engineer. All manuals shall be written
in the English language.
11923 The manuals for the water projects shall include the following;
a. Operating Instructions, including the name of the Engineer, Contractor, Sub-Contractor and
major equipment suppliers.
b. The manufacturer's drawings and specifications with any amendments made during the
duration of the Contract.
c. Installation drawings prepared by the Contractor showing the installation work "as built".
d. Details including manufacturers' names and addresses and catalogue numbers, of all
components.
e. Spare parts lists.
f. Any other information required by the Engineer.
g. Place and procedure for ordering replacement parts.
11930 SPARE PARTS

Spare parts, as listed in others of this specification, shall be turned over to the Client prior to the issuance
of the Certificate of Completion.
11940 FINAL CLEANING

On completion of construction, the Contractor shall remove all temporary structures, rubbish, and waste
materials resulting from his operations.
11950 EASEMENT AND RIGHT-OF-WAY RELEASES

On completion of work in easements or rights-of-way, the Contractor shall obtain, from each property
Client or responsible authority affected, a written signed release verifying that the cleanup has been
performed and completed to his satisfaction and that he has no further claim upon the Contractor or the
Employer as a result of such work. All such releases shall be turned over to the Engineer prior to the
issuance of the Certificate of Completion.
0700 SUBMITTALS
0710 SHOP DRAWINGS
The Contractor shall in close consultation with the Engineer prepare all the Shop Drawings deemed
necessary for the execution of the Works and shall submit the same for approval to the Engineer well in
advance to allow 30 days for Engineer's checking and approval.
The approval procedure shall be agreed upon with the Engineer.
0711 Six (6) copies of shop drawings, or as listed in others of these specifications, shall be
submitted to the Engineer for review a minimum of thirty days prior to fabrication or erection
of affected parts of the work. Fabrication and installation shall not proceed until the review is
completed.
0712 Where more than one (1) type of shop drawing has been specified for one (1) item, e.g.,
wiring diagrams, lay-out details, and dimensional drawings, the shop drawings shall be
submitted together, to enable the Engineer to review the drawings as a package.
0713 Shop drawings shall indicate the tag number of instruments and they shall clearly show the
features and details applicable to the equipment being supplied.
0714 Shop drawings shall be prepared using accepted drafting techniques which will result in
drawings of equal or better quality than the contract drawings.
0715 Catalogue pages or drawings applicable to an entire family or range of equipment will not be
accepted as shop drawings unless they are clearly marked up to show the pertinent data for the
particular materials.
0716 Manufacturer's catalogues, manuals, or price lists will not be accepted as shop drawings,
although such material may be used as supplemental information to the shop drawings.
0717 Shop drawings shall be detailed using the metric system. No shop drawings detailed using the
imperial system of dimensioning will be accepted.
0718 If, after one (1) review by the Engineer, the Contractor fails to submit correct shop drawings,
the Client will be entitled to deduct from any payments due to the Contractor the additional
costs to the Client of the engineering services incurred as a result of the Contractor's failure to
submit correct shop drawings.
0720 SAMPLES
0721 A minimum of two (2) samples, or as otherwise specified, shall be submitted to the Engineer
for review of those products and materials for which samples are required.
0722 Samples shall be submitted a minimum of thirty days prior to the date for approval required
by the Contractor for procurement of the materials.
0723 Samples shall be submitted with complete information concerning manufacturer's data,
applicable standards, test results, and location of installation on the project.
0724 Materials for which samples have been approved by the Engineer shall be used only in those
areas and locations for which the approval was granted.
0725 Materials for which samples have been rejected shall not be delivered to the site, or if
delivered, shall be removed promptly.
0730 PAYMENT
No additional payment will be made for this work. The cost of this work is deemed to be included in the
price tendered for the supply and installation of the items for which submittals are required.
0800 QUALITY CONTROL
0810 TESTING LABORATORY SERVICES DURING CONSTRUCTION

0811 Materials-testing equipment as specified below will be supplied and maintained in good
working order by the Contractor to inspect and test materials as requested by the Engineer.
The Contractor shall provide all pertinent data and cooperate fully in this work, which will at
all times be done under the supervision of the Engineer.
0812 Test specimens and samples shall be collected, prepared and tested in accordance with
internationally recognized Standards by the Contractor under the supervision of the Engineer.
Copies of all Standards referred to shall be provided by the Contractor. The Contractor shall
be responsible for the proper care of test specimens and samples at the job site and their
delivery to the laboratory, operating all equipment necessary for a test, recording test results
and preparing tables, charts, or graphs illustrating the test results in a manner and format
acceptable to the Engineer. The Contractor shall be responsible for the costs of providing all
test specimens and samples used for routine testing, and for all costs for carrying out the tests.
0813 The test program will be as outlined in the applicable s of the specifications. Full testing may
be required during the first few days of any operation to determine, and thus allow control of,
the quality and construction procedure. As work progresses, sufficient tests to maintain
uniformity will be required.
0820 TESTING LABORATORY EQUIPMENT

0821 The Contractor shall supply and maintain temporary testing laboratories with equipment for
the duration of the Contract.
0822 The laboratory space shall be provided in a suitable building with adequate space for storing
materials and conducting tests including all necessary furniture such as storage cabinet’s tables
and chairs.
0823 The laboratory equipment shall include, but not necessarily limited to, that required for testing
aggregates for use in concrete mixes, for testing the temperature, slump and compressive
strength of concrete for testing the compressive strength of concrete blocks, mortar and grout,
for testing the bearing capacity of foundation soils, for determining the properties of structural
fill materials and for testing the density of compacted structural fill materials. The minimum
recommended equipment for each laboratory shall consist of one set of screens for sieve
analysis, a cone for concrete slump tests, 10 reusable moulds for making concrete test
cylinders or cubes, one hydraulic press equipped with a force meter for breaking concrete test
samples while measuring the breaking force, one weight scale, one drying oven, one standard
compaction cylinder and hammer, field density measuring equipment, bearing plate,
deflection gauge, and load gauge.
0830 INDEPENDENT TESTING SERVICES

0831 An independent materials-testing laboratory shall be retained by the Contractor, subject to the
approval of the Engineer. This testing shall be in addition to that which the Contractor is
required to provide on-site as specified elsewhere in these specifications. The Contractor shall
provide all pertinent data and cooperate fully in this work.
0832 Test specimens and samples shall be collected by the Contractor under the direction of the
Engineer. The Contractor shall be responsible for the proper care of test specimens and
samples at the job site and their delivery to the testing laboratory.
0833 The Contractor shall be responsible for the costs of providing all test specimens and samples
used for independent testing, and for all costs incurred as a result of additional testing
requested by the Contractor or as deemed necessary to retest substandard materials.
0840 PAYMENT
0841 Payment for Testing Laboratory Service during Construction shall be covered by the
Contractor. This price shall include the supply of all labour, materials, plant and equipment
necessary to provide temporary laboratory space complete with equipment and to perform the
tests as directed during the construction period.
0842 Payment for independent materials testing specifically authorized/ordered in writing by the
Engineer and the cost of delivery of samples to the laboratory will be made to the Contractor
by the Client under a Provisional Sum in the Tender Form for Independent Testing Services.
0900 GEOTECHNICAL INVESTIGATIONS
0910 SCOPE
This specification refers to the geotechnical investigation required to confirm the design bearing
capacities and soil properties.
0920 CODES AND STANDARDS
0921 The investigation and soil testing shall conform to the following codes:
Ethiopian Standard Code of Practice for Foundation and the codes shall take precedent and govern in
the order listed.
0930 SOILS INVESTIGATION

A soils investigation shall be conducted for the Water Supply permanent structures to confirm soil
bearing capacity, permeability and cohesion properties.
All testing for the above soils investigations shall be done by the Contractor under the direction of
the Engineer.
0940 SITE EXPLORATION

The field exploration shall be conducted by the Contractor and supervised by the Engineer.
Other sites shall have a minimum of two Boreholes or two test pits for each structure.
0950 SUBMITTALS
A soils report, complete with Boreholes and test pit logs and laboratory test data shall be submitted to
the Engineer for review four weeks prior to construction.
0960 SITE INSPECTION

The Geotechnical Consultant shall also be responsible for site inspection, testing and certification of
the prepared foundation prior to placing concrete.
0970 PAYMENT
Payment for the work of this shall be included in the applicable lump sum prices shown in the Tender
Form.
12000 SITE PREPARATION
12010 SCOPE
This specification refers to preparation of the site including clearing and grubbing, location and
protection of existing installations and removal of existing installations.
12020 SETTING OUT

The Contractor shall set out all work specified in this on the basis of the drawings or instructions
issued by the Engineer, or from reference points established on the Site by the Engineer to generally
indicate the limits of the work.
12030 PERMITS
The Contractor shall obtain any permits which may be required for clearing trees and excavating or
removing any structures.

The Contractor shall keep on the Site at least one set of Drawings to show the progress of the Work
installed. On this set shall be marked accurately and promptly as the Work progresses, all significant
changes between the Work shown on the Drawings and that which is actually constructed.
The Contractor shall supply to the Engineer, as per-requisite to practical completion of the works,
comprehensive As-built Drawings finished in detail and approved by the Engineer. The Contractor is
advised that great importance will be place upon the quality, accuracy, clarity, and completeness of
As built Drawings and upon their being made available promptly when required.
The Contractor shall indicate on the as-built drawings the locations of existing structures and
relocated pipes, if any, on the site of the work.
12050 MATERIALS SUPPLY

The Contractor shall supply all materials required for site preparation.
12060 WORKMANSHIP
12061 SALVAGE AND DISPOSAL

Materials specified to be salvaged or disposed of shall be handled as specified under Temporary
Controls .
12062 CLEARING AND GRUBBING

a. Description
This work shall consist of clearing, grubbing, removing and disposing of all vegetation and debris
which are within the Site, except vegetation and objects designated to remain. The work shall also
include the preservation from injury or defacement of all vegetation and objects designated to
remain.
b. Requirements
The Engineer shall designate the trees, shrubs, plants and other things for retention. The Contractor
shall preserve all things so designated to remain. The paint required for cut or scarred surfaces of
trees or shrubs selected for retention shall be an approved asphaltum base paint prepared specially for
tree surgery.
Fill surface objects and all trees, stumps, roots and other protruding obstructions, not designated to
remain, shall be cleared and or grubbed, including mowing, as required, except undisturbed stumps
and roots and nonperishable solid objects which will be a minimum of 1.0 m below subgrade or
slope of embankments. If authorized, the Contractor may leave stumps and nonperishable solid
objects provided they do not protrude more than 7.5 cm above the ground level.
The Engineer may permit sound stumps to be cut off not more than 15 cm above the ground in cut
and embankment areas, except in the area to be rounded at the top of back slopes where stumps are
to be cut off at or below the surface level of the final slope line.
12063 MERCHANTABLE TIMBER

Merchantable timber cut during the clearing operation may be disposed of by the Contractor at his
discretion, provided he obtains any necessary permission.
12064 LOCATION OF EXISTING STRUCTURES AND UTILITIES

The Contractor shall be responsible for locating existing surface and underground structures and
utility installations that may affect the work or may be damaged during construction.
Drawings or descriptions, verbal or otherwise, of existing structures or their location that are given to
the Contractor are intended only as an aid to his location of these structures. Measurements and
locations of existing underground structures shown of the drawings are not guaranteed to be accurate,
and must be verified by the Contractor prior to proceeding with construction.
On request from the Engineer, the Contractor shall excavate and uncover underground structures or
utilities for the purpose of establishing their locations.
The Contractor shall arrange for representatives of utility companies to be on site at appropriate
times to locate their existing plant or services.
Prior to excavation by machine, the Contractor shall clearly mark the locations of existing utilities.
12065 PROTECTION OF EXISTING STRUCTURES AND UTILITIES

Unless removal of existing installations is specified elsewhere herein or is authorized by the
Engineer, underground and surface structures and utilities encountered during construction shall be
protected from damage.
Existing structures shall be protected against damage from settlement by means of timber support or
compaction of backfill as required. Where necessary, timber support shall remain in place following
backfill of excavations.
Backfill which is placed under or adjacent to existing structures, which have been undermined during
excavation, shall be compacted in a manner which will prevent damage of the structure from
settlement. Such backfill shall be of approved granular material suitable for compaction.
To protect existing piping, backfill material shall extend horizontally a minimum distance of 600 mm
on both sides of the pipe at a level 300 mm above the pipe and shall slope from this point at 1.5
horizontal to 1.0 vertical to meet the bottom of the excavation.
12066 CUTTING AND REMOVAL OF PAVEMENT
Pavement shall be cut and removed to the limits shown on the drawings or determined by the
Engineer. Grouted bricks or stones placed as road surfacing will be classified as pavement.
Pavement cuts shall be made providing a straight edge with a neat vertical face. The removed
pavement shall be disposed of or reused.

Payment for clearing and grubbing will be made at the unit price per meter square shown in the
Tender Form. This price shall include materials, and all work incidentals thereto.
12072 EXISTING STRUCTURES AND UTILITIES

Extra payment will not be made to the Contractor for expense incurred as a result of the presence of
existing structures and utilities except as follows:
a. Location of existing Structures and Utilities

Where the Contractor is specifically instructed in writing by the Engineer to locate, by excavating,
underground structures for the purpose of establishing line or grade, the Contractor will be paid on
the basis of the force account rates shown in the Tender Form.
b. Relocation of Existing Piping
Where an existing pipe runs parallel to the center line of the trench and lies within 1.0m of trench
center line, or where an existing pipe crosses the trench and intersects the pipe to be installed and
must, in either case, be relocated, the Contractor will, unless otherwise specified elsewhere herein, be
paid on the basis of the force account rates shown in the Tender Form, or the costs of others invoiced
to him, without any percentage addition thereto, for the actual relocation work. No payment will be
made for delays, standby, or any claims of the Contractor other than that for the actual cost of
relocating the existing pipe, and no payment will be made for tunneling under an existing pipe.
12100 EXCAVATING, BACKFILLING, AND COMPACTING FOR

STRUCTURES
12010 SCOPE
This specification refers to excavating, backfilling, and compacting for structures.
Excavation and backfill of trenches shall be as specified under another entitled Trench Excavation
and Backfill.
Site work, excavation and backfill for roadways, building sites and parking areas shall be as specified
under a Site works, Excavation and Embankment Construction.
Rip-rap shall be as specified under a entitled Slope Protection and Erosion Control.
12120 DEFINITIONS
Structures shall include but not necessarily be limited to reservoirs, pump station buildings, water
treatment plant structures, ancillary buildings and valve chambers.
The design-subgrade cross is defined as the finished excavation cross upon which a structural
foundation, granular fill, mud slab is to be placed.
12130 TESTING
Testing laboratory services during construction to be provided by the Contractor in the facilities
established by him on-site shall include the following tests:
12131 Regular sieve analysis of proposed fill materials in accordance with ASTM C136.
12132 Determination of optimum moisture content and Standard Proctor Density ASTM D698 on all fill
materials.
12133 Determination of moisture content and field densities to ASTM D2922 of in-place material.
1. Prepared Subgrade: Minimum of three (3) tests per 500m2.
2. Fill under Slabs on Grade: Minimum of three (3) tests for each lift of compacted fill per 500m2.
3. Granular Fill: Minimum of two (2) tests per 50 m3.
12140 EXISTING GROUND ELEVATIONS

A survey of the working area shall be carried out by the Contractor immediately prior to
commencement of construction, and a series of cross s of the site will be produced at 10m intervals.
These cross s will be defined as the original ground cross s.
12151 SETTING OUT

issued by the Engineer, or from reference points established on the site by the Engineer to indicate
the center lines, or off-sets. of the structures. Elevations shall be set by the Contractor from existing
bench marks.
12160 MATERIALS
12161 TOPSOIL
Topsoil shall mean surface material capable of supporting good vegetative growth and which, in the
opinion of the Engineer, is suitable for use in top dressing, landscaping, and seeding.
12162 COMMON OR ORDINARY SOIL EXCAVATION

Shall mean materials yielding to ordinary excavation machinery or pick axes which will be classified
as bulk, pit or continuous trench excavation.
12163 ROCK EXCAVATION

SOFT ROCK: Shall mean weathered or disintegrated materials which can be removed or excavated
using excavators or shovels, or hand picks, or tractor drawn tines or rippers for breaking up the
materials.
HARD ROCK: Shall mean materials of geological strata requiring the use of wedges, prismatic
tools or drilling or blasting with a power-operated hand tool for the removal or boulders, pieces of
concrete or masonry exceeding 1.0 m3 in volume.
BOULDERS: Shall mean isolated volume of hard rock less than 1.0 m3 in ordinary soil or soft rock
or above ground.
Over-break, which is that portion of solid ledge rock excavated, displaced, or loosened outside the
limits used to calculate the volume of rock excavation, will be classified as unauthorized over-
excavation.
Care shall be exercised to ensure no damage is caused to the supporting rock below the foundation
level. Damage so caused shall be repaired to a condition acceptable to the Engineer.
12164 BASE GRAVEL

Base gravel shall be composed of inert, durable aggregate, reasonably uniform in quality, free from
soft or disintegrated pieces. The aggregate gradation curve shall fall within the following limits
when tested in accordance with ASTM C136-01
Sieve No US Standard Gradation Limits
Sieve Size (Percent by Weight Passing)
19.00 mm 100
9.50 mm 60 - 95
4.75 mm 40 - 70
2.36 mm 30 - 60
1.18 mm 20 - 40
0.30 mm 8 - 20
0.075 mm 0-5
12165 CRUSHED GRAVEL

Crushed gravel shall be inert, durable aggregate, reasonable uniform in quality, free from soft or
disintegrated pieces. In the absence of satisfactory performance records over a 5-year period for the
particular source of aggregate, its soundness shall be tested in accordance with ASTM C88 using
magnesium sulphate. Maximum-weighted average losses for coarse aggregate shall be 20%, and for
fine aggregate 25%. The aggregate gradation curve shall fall within the following limits when tested
in accordance with ASTM C136:
Gradation Limits
N US Standard
o Sieve Size, (Percent by
mm Weight Passing)
19.00 100
12.50 70 - 100
4.75 40 - 80
2.36 30 - 65
0.60 Dec-37
0.075 2- 9
A minimum of 50% of the base course material retained on a 4.75 mm sieve shall have at least one
(1) fractured face. The percentage shall be determined by particle count.
12170 GRANULAR FILL

Granular fill shall be sand or gravel, screened if necessary, composed of inert, durable aggregate,
uniform in quality and free from soft or disintegrated particles, clay or silt balls, and other deleterious
matter. The gravel shall conform to the following gradation limits when tested in accordance with
ASTM C136.
Gradation Limits
US Standard
Sieve Size, (Percent by Weight
mm Passing)
75.00 100
20.00 50 - 100
0.15 0 - 16
0.075 0- 5
12171 ROCK FILL

Rock fill shall include all fill material containing more than 15% by volume of rock larger than 150
mm in size, but shall be free of organic soil, logs, roots, brush, and other debris.
12172 DRAIN ROCK

Drain rock shall be clean, inert, and durable with a maximum size of 20 mm and a minimum size of
10 m.
12173 FREE DRAINING GRAVEL

Free draining gravel shall be clean, well graded sand and gravel material with inert, durable
aggregate. The aggregate gradation curve shall fall within the following limits when tested in
accordance with ASTM C136.
Sieve Size, mm Gradation Limits (Percent byWeight Passing)

19 100
9.5 70 - 95
4.8 50 - 80
2.4 40 - 70
1.2 30 - 60
0.3 10 - 30
0.15 0 - 10
0.075 0-2
12174 HARD CORE
Hard core shall consist of broken basaltic stone or similar material not exceeding 250 mm in the
largest dimension.
12175 BACKFILL MATERIAL
Backfill materials within one meter of structures shall be granular fill unless noted otherwise.
Materials used for backfilling, shall be free from cinders, uses, organic matter and debris or other
contamination, shall be suitably graded to obtain the required compaction and shall not contain
stones, rock' or concrete fragments larger than 20 cm in the largest dimension. Two thirds of the
excavated material used for backfilling shall consist of fines not exceeding 3 cm in the largest
dimension.
12176 MUD SLAB CONCRETE
Mud slab concrete shall be lean concrete as specified under a entitled Concrete.
12177 PERFORATED DRAINS
Perforated drains shall be 150 mm diameter perforated or radially slotted and ribbed PVC pipe
suitable for the loading conditions to be encountered and suitable for use with the specified granular
filter material.
12178 FILTER FABRIC

Filter fabric shall be manufactured from rot-resistant fibbers with thickness, strength, and
permeability suitable to the particular soil, water and loading conditions encountered at the site of
installation.
12179 LEAN CONCRET
Lean concrete (C10) shall be as specified under entitled "Concrete".
12180 WORKMANSHIP
Clearing and grubbing shall be as specified under a entitled Site Preparation.
12182 REMOVAL OF TOPSOIL
Existing topsoil in areas to be occupied by structures, regraded, or otherwise disturbed by the

Construction operation, shall be stripped and stockpiled on site where designated by the Engineer, or
disposed of as waste material.
Stumps, boulders, and other deleterious matter shall be removed from the topsoil and disposed of as
waste material.
12183 CONSTRUCTION METHODS
The Contractor shall select methods of excavation, de-watering, and construction suitable for actual
conditions encountered in the work. The Contractor shall be solely responsible for the safety and
adequacy of the methods employed.
12184 EXCAVATION FOR STRUCTURES
All excavation work shall be carried out in accordance with local and ILO safety regulations.
Cofferdams, sheathing timbering, and bracing required to support the sides of the excavation shall be
designed by a professional engineer and installed in accordance with his instructions.
Excavations shall be to widths and depths necessary to provide adequate space for structural
foundations, bracing and supporting form work, pumping and draining, and, if required, over-
excavation of unsuitable material.
Over-excavation required because of unsatisfactory soil conditions resulting from lack of drainage or
de-watering equipment will be the responsibility of the Contractor.
Excavated material which is not suitable or is not required for backfill or site grading as determined
by the Engineer shall be disposed of as waste as specified under a entitled Temporary Controls.
Excavated material which is suitable for but cannot immediately be placed as backfill or used for site
grading shall be stockpiled on the site in a location or locations approved by the Engineer.
12185 CAUTIONS IN EXCAVATION
Excavation shall take place only as safety, weather conditions, and suitable shoring permits. The
Contractor shall provide and set all shoring, bracing, sheet piling, etc., to adequately protect the
excavation from damage by caving in, heavy rainfalls, or other causes. Caution shall be exercised
with respect to structures, piping, or other man-made obstacles that may exist within the working
area. Whenever necessary, the sides of all excavations shall be securely shored up and supported to
protect against slips and falls of earth into the excavations, and to support structures within the
working area.
12186 DE-WATERING
Excavations, pits, and the entire sub-grade in the vicinity of the work shall be kept free of water at all
times. The Contractor shall provide and operate pumps or other suitable equipment and any
necessary temporary drainage system. Caution shall be exercised to make sure that foundation
problems with existing structures and works under construction do not result from the selected
method of de-watering excavations. Discharge from pumps, well points, or other de-watering
equipment shall be located and controlled such that loss, damage, nuisance, or injury to the public
does not result. Additional excavation made necessary by water in the excavation shall be
considered unauthorized over-excavation.
12187 UNAUTHORIZED OVER-EXCAVATION
When unauthorized over-excavation takes place beyond the design subgrade cross , the Contractor
shall fill to the design subgrades, at no extra cost to the Client, and make good as follows:
a) Below building slabs, the replacement fill shall be base gravel compacted with approved
mechanical compactors in lifts having a maximum depth of 150 mm to 95% of Standard Proctor
Density (ASTM D698).
b) Below treatment plant and reservoir base slabs not founded on rock, the replacement fill shall be
free draining gravel compacted to 100% of Standard Proctor Density (ASTM D698).
c) Below reservoir base slabs founded on rock the replacement fill shall be C5 lean concrete.
12188 AUTHORIZED OVER-EXCAVATION
When the natural foundation material is such that adequate bearing cannot be obtained at the sub-
grade levels indicated, the Engineer may require additional excavation. Fill required to replace over-
excavated material shall be as specified for unauthorized over-excavation.
12189 PERFORATED DRAINS
Perforated pipes for under-drains and perimeter drains shall be installed as shown on the drawings.
12190 DRAIN ROCK
Drain rock shall be placed to a minimum thickness of 300 mm beside and above perforated drains.
12191 SUBGRADE PREPARATION
Immediately following excavation, the subgrade shall be stripped of all soil disturbed by the
excavating process.
The subgrade will be inspected and shall be approved by the Engineer and soils consultant prior to
placing gravel or a mud slab.
12192 BASE GRAVEL
Base gravel shall be placed in those locations shown on the drawings and as soon as possible
following completion of excavation and preparation of the subgrade.
Base gravel shall be placed in maximum 300 mm lifts and compacted at optimum moisture content
to 100% Standard Proctor Density (ASTM D698).
12193 FREE DRAINING GRAVEL

Free draining gravel shall be placed in those locations shown on the drawings and as soon as possible
following completion of excavation and preparation of the sub-grade.
Free draining gravel shall be placed in maximum 300 mm lifts and compacted at optimum moisture
content to 100% Standard Proctor Density (ASTM D698).
12194 BACKFILL
The backfilling shall include the backfilling of trenches excavated for pipe lines, cables, and
excavations for channels, manholes, valve chambers and other structures and appurtenances using
suitable site material from the excavation or imported backfill material.
All suitable surplus and excavated material shall be used for backfilling with in the project limits.
Backfilling shall be of the same material as was excavated from the trench, provided that it is suitable
for backfilling.
Backfilling shall begin, with the Engineer's approval, after the concrete has reached the design
strength and the forms have been removed, and hydrostatic testing is completed.
For each class of backfill material to be used, representative samples, selected by the Engineer, shall
be provided for testing purposes. Tests shall be carried out in accordance with AST#1 standards to
determine the grading of the material.
Such tests shall be repeated each time the source of material changes, if there is an apparent change
in the characteristics of the material or at such other times as the Engineer may require.
Backfilling shall not be commenced until tests of the proposed backfill material indicate that it is in
accordance with the requirements of the Specifications.
Backfill materials shall be placed where shown on the drawings in maximum 300 mm none
compacted lifts and compacted to Standard Proctor Density.
Backfill within 1 m of structures shall be compacted with light mechanical equipment. Care shall be
taken to avoid damage to the structures.
Representative samples of each class of backfill material to be used, selected by the Engineer, shall
be taken for testing to determine the optimum moisture content and optimum density in accordance
with the Modified proctor method, ASTM 1557, Method D.
These tests shall be repeated each time the source of material changes, if there is an apparent change
in the characteristics of the material, or at such other times as the Engineer may require.
Any settlement of the backfill and resultant damage shall be rectified to the satisfaction of the
Engineer at the Contractor's expense.
12195 DISPOSAL OF SURPLUS EXCAVATED MATERIAL
Excavated material which is not required or is unsuitable for construction purposes shall be disposed
of as waste by the Contractor as specified under a in entitled Temporary Controls.
12196 PAYMENT
a. Measurement And Payment

Payment for the work of this will be included in the applicable lump sum prices shown in the Tender
Form except those items listed below for which additional payment will be made as follows:
b. Excavation, Subgrade Preparation, And Backfilling

Payment for excavation and subgrade preparation will be made at the lump sum price shown in the
Tender Form. This price shall include excavation, hauling, stockpiling, placing, compacting as
backfill or disposal as surplus material and all work incidental thereto.
c. Rock Excavation
Payment for rock excavation will be made at the unit price per cubic meter shown in the Tender
Form. Excavated volume of detached masses will be computed using actual dimensions. Excavated
volume of solid ledge rock will be computed using depths measured from the existing rock to the
underside of structures and an area calculated using the maximum outside dimensions of the
structure. This price shall include excavation, hauling, placing and compacting as earth or rock fill,
or disposal as waste, and allowance for over-break material, and all work incidental thereto. No
additional payment will be made to repair damage caused as a result of rock excavation.
d. Authorized Over-Excavation
Payment for authorized over-excavation and placement of concrete or free draining gravel will be
made at the unit price per cubic meter the various types of backfill. The volume of excavation will
be based on the limits of over-excavation authorized by the Engineer as determined using the average
end area method. This price shall include excavation, disposal or stockpiling of excavated material,
supply, handling and placing of the specified backfill material, and all work incidental thereto.
e. Perforated Drains
Payment for perforated drains will be made at the unit price per lineal meter shown in the Tender
Form. The length for payment will be computed using the lengths shown on the drawing or as
revised by the Engineer. This price shall include material, installation, trench excavation, drain rock,
surround filter fabric, fittings, connections, clean-outs and all work incidental thereto.
f. Free Draining Gravel

Payment for free draining gravel will be made at the unit price per cubic meter shown in the Tender
Form. The volume for payment will be computed using the design thickness, and the design area.
This price shall include material, material handling, loading, hauling, placing, watering, shaping,
compacting, and all work incidental thereto.
g. Drain Rock
Payment for drain rock will be included in the price per lineal meter for perforated drains.
h. Lean Concrete Fill Or Mud Slabs

Payment for lean concrete fill or mud slabs will be made at the price per cubic meter shown in the
Tender Form. The volume for payment will be based on plan area and thickness shown on the
drawings or as specified by the Engineer. No additional payment will be made for encasing under
slab pipes in concrete. This price shall include material, installation, placement, finishing, curing and
all work incidentals there to.
i. Hard Core
Payment for hard core will be made at the unit price per square meter shown in the Tender Form.
This price shall include supply, placing and all work incidentals thereto. Area will be based on the
plan area. The thickness shall be as specified on the BOQ as well as drawing.
12200 TRENCH EXCAVATION AND BACKFILL GENERAL

12210 SCOPE
This specification refers to trench excavation and backfill. Bedding, pipe installation, and backfill
within the pipe zone are specified under a entitled Water Systems.
12211 PERMITS
The Contractor shall obtain any permits which may be required for trench excavation and crossing
highways and rail-roads.
12212 SETTING OUT

issued by the Engineer, and from reference points established on the site by the Engineer. Such
reference points shall be limited to commencement and termination locations, general alignment,
offsets from aboveground structures and greater than normal depths.
When setting out the works for trench excavation, but prior to commencing excavation operations,
the Contractor shall make such investigations along the proposed alignment of the trench to confirm
that there is no major conflict with any other existing underground utility or pipe. Where such
conflict is discovered, the Contractor shall immediately notify the Engineer and make any
adjustments ordered.
12213 TESTING
established by him on-site shall include the following:
a. Determination of optimum moisture content and Standard Proctor Density to ASTM D698 on all
trench fill materials.
b. Determination of in-place moisture content and field densities to ASTM D2922 of trench fill
material as ordered by the Engineer.
12220 MATERIALS
12221 TRENCH EXCAVATION
Trench excavation shall be classified as common or rock excavation.
COMMON OR ORDINARY SOIL EXCAVATION

as bulk, pit or continuous trench excavation.
ROCK EXCAVATION
materials.
or above ground.
12222 BASE GRAVEL

Material for stabilization of trench bottom shall be 50 mm minus crushed gravel or crushed rock if
required.
12223 CASING PIPE
Diameters and required locations of casing pipe shall be as shown on the drawings. Casing pipe shall
be steel, 6.3 mm wall thickness, and shall conform to AWWA C200 or approved equal.
12224 ROAD BASE OR SURFACING GRAVEL
Material for surface fill of trenches in graveled traveled surfaces and under pavement in paved
travelled surfaces shall be well-graded, 37.5 mm minus crushed gravel or crushed rock.
12230 NATIVE BACKFILL MATERIAL
Native backfill material shall be material excavated from the trench, free from rocks larger than 200
mm in maximum dimension, and from large roots, stumps, or other debris. It shall be capable of
meeting the compaction requirements specified elsewhere herein. Any material which is incapable
of meeting the compaction requirements at the time of construction will not be acceptable as backfill
material.
12231 BORROW BACKFILL MATERIAL
Borrow backfill material shall be pit-run, granular, well-graded material free from rocks larger than
100 mm in maximum dimension and from large roots, stumps, or other debris. It shall be capable of
meeting the compaction requirements specified elsewhere herein. Any material which is incapable
of meeting the compaction requirements at the time of construction will not be acceptable as backfill
material.
12232 SHOULDER GRAVEL
Granular material for surface finishing of road shoulders shall be well graded 25 mm crushed gravel
or crushed rock.
12233 CONCRETE FILL
Concrete fill for pipe base, supports, encasement, or backfill shall be as specified under a entitled
Concrete, except that the minimum 28 day compressive strength shall be 10 MPa.
12240 WORKMANSHIP
12241 TRENCH ALIGNMENT AND DEPTH
The Contractor shall be responsible for establishing the alignments and elevations at which the pipe
will be installed on the basis of the drawings and instructions issued by the Engineer.
The trench shall be excavated so that pipe can be laid to the established alignment and depth with
allowance made for specified trench wall clearances and bedding as required. The minimum pipe
burial depth shall provide 1.0 m of cover above the top of the pipe in areas subject to vehicular traffic
and 0.6 m above the pipe in other areas unless otherwise shown on the drawings or ordered by the
Engineer.
12242 TRENCHING AND BACKFILLING EQUIPMENT
Mechanical trenching and backfilling equipment may be used except where by so doing damage to
trees, buildings, side walks, curbs, piping, or other existing structures or man-made obstacles above
or below ground cannot be avoided. Trenches shall be hand excavated and backfilled where such
obstacles prevent the use of mechanical equipment.
12243 HAND EXCAVATION

Hand excavation shall be utilized in restricted easements and in those locations where machine
excavation is not possible or practical due to the proximity of the structures or underground utilities.
12244 CAUTIONS IN EXCAVATION

Trenches shall be excavated only as far in advance of the pipe laying operation as safety, traffic, and
weather conditions permit. Caution shall be exercised with respect to structures, piping, or other
man made obstacles that may exist within the working area, and due consideration given to the
protection and support of such properties and structures.
12250 REMOVAL OF PAVEMENT

Cutting and removal of Pavement shall be carried out as specified under a entitled Site Preparation.
Pavement shall be cut in straight lines parallel to the trench center line. The total cut width of
pavement shall not be greater than that which is necessary for trench excavation under existing soil
conditions and shall not, in any case, exceed the specified maximum trench width at the ground
surface shown on the drawings. Where, in the opinion of the Engineer existing pavement is in such
poor condition that pre-cutting is not warranted, pavement may be cut by trenching equipment.
Pavement that has been removed to permit trenching shall be disposed of as waste material and shall
not be placed in the trench backfill. The exception shall be paving stones or bricks which may be
relayed.
12260 EXCAVATED TRENCH MATERIAL

Excavated trench material may be piled alongside the trench provided the working space is adequate
for this purpose and provided that by so doing the backfill material does not spill onto private
properties adjacent to the trench thereby disturbing fences, buildings, shrubs, lawns, or other items of
value.
Piling of excavated material along the trench shall not unduly restrict cross traffic at road inters.
Material shall be cleared from road inters and provision made for use of the cross road by traffic as
soon as possible after excavation has taken place. Pedestrian access to individual properties shall be
maintained at all times and timber bridges shall be provided where it is necessary to cross open
trenches. Roadways, driveways, and drainage facilities shall not be blocked unnecessarily. Spoil
piles shall be located such that hindrance to local traffic is minimal.
In order that excavated material may be piled along the trench, roads may be temporarily closed off
to traffic provided that adequate detour traffic routes can be established to move traffic around the
construction area, and provided also that street entrances to driveways are not blocked from vehicular
traffic for periods in excess of one (1) day.
Where excavated material cannot be piled along the trench in compliance with the above restrictions,
it shall be transported to locations where backfilling is taking place or transported to stockpile for
return to the trench at the time of backfilling. Alternatively, excavated material shall be wasted and
replaced with approved material at the time of backfilling.
12261 TRENCH WIDTHS

Trenches shall be excavated such that there is no less than 150 mm clearance between the outside of
the pipe at its largest and the trench sheeting or earth wall, and no more than 375 mm clearance
between the pipe and the earth wall regardless of the existence of trench support works. The above
condition shall govern from the bottom of the trench to a distance 100 mm above the top of the pipe
at its largest . Trench widths above this level shall be maintained within the allowable limits shown
on the drawings.
Ledge rock, boulders, and large stones shall be removed to provide a clearance of at least 100 mm
below and on all sides of pipe and fittings.
12262 BRACING AND SHEETING

Trenches shall be sheeted and braced in accordance with the relevant requirements or as may be
necessary to protect life, property and structures adjacent to the work, the work itself, or to maintain
trench widths within the specified limits. Trench sheeting and bracing shall be located no closer than
150 mm to the widest of any installed pipe.
Whenever possible, vertical trench timber or sheeting shall be placed so that it does not extend below
the spring-line of the pipe being installed. When it is necessary to place sheeting or timber below the
pipe spring-line, as in the case of over-excavation for trench bottom stabilization, sheeting shall be
raised in 600 mm lifts and all backfill placed below the level of the pipe spring-line shall be
thoroughly compacted on each lift to fill the void left by the raised sheeting.
Trench sheeting and bracing shall be removed where its removal will not result in damage to
adjacent structures, otherwise it shall be left in place. When sheeting and bracing is left in place, it
shall be cut so that no sheeting remains closer than 900 mm to the existing ground surface.
Where sheeting or timber is removed from a trench in which backfill is to be compacted, it shall be
removed in a manner which permits compaction of the backfill in the manner specified.
12263 DE-WATERING
Ground and surface water shall be controlled to the extent that excavation and pipe installation can
proceed in the specified manner and such that the trench bottom is not disturbed to the detriment of
the pipe installation. Trench water shall not be permitted to enter the pipe being installed unless
approval is received from the Engineer.
The necessary pumps, well points, or other equipment shall be employed to keep excavations free of
water. Caution shall be exercised to make sure that foundation problems with existing structures and
works under construction do not result from the selected method of de-watering excavations.
Discharge from pumps, well points, or other de-watering equipment shall be located and controlled
such that loss, damage, nuisance, or injury to the public does not result.
12264 TRENCH BOTTOM CONDITIONS

Trenches shall be maintained such that pipe can be installed without allowing water, silt, gravel, or
other foreign material into the pipe. Material remaining in the trench bottom on completion of
machine excavating, which has been disturbed or softened by workmen or trench water, shall be
removed before bedding material is placed. The trench bottom shall be firm and capable of
supporting the pipe to be installed otherwise the bottom shall be stabilized by means of over-
excavation or special foundation design, described below.
When material in the trench bottom is found to be unstable or other-wise unsuitable for pipe support
or of appurtenant structures:
a. The trench shall be over-excavated to the level at which stable material is encountered and the
excavation backfilled to the level of normal bedding with base gravel material. This material
shall be compacted with approved mechanical compactors in lifts having a maximum depth of
300 mm to provide a thoroughly consolidated pipe base. Bedding material, as specified for
normal pipe bedding, may be employed for this purpose to a maximum depth of 300 mm below
the normal depth of bedding.
b. If the unstable material extends to a depth at which it is, on the basis of the Contractor's prices,
uneconomical to over-excavate as in Item. a above, then a pile or other structural support shall be
constructed in accordance with drawings prepared by the Engineer.
12265 AUGER DRILLING

The Engineer may require that auger drilling methods be used by the Contractor instead of open cut
trenching for water pipes in specified locations. The decision whether to open cut or auger will be
made by the Engineer depending upon the condition of the travelled surface and the comparative
costs of open cut and auger drilling methods, or on the regulations of the Rail-road with respect to
installing encased pipe crossings under the tracks.
Auger drilling shall be performed with hand-or power-operated equipment, subject to the approval of
the Engineer. Auger holes shall terminate in open trench. Auger drilling shall be performed such
that undermining of the roadway structure does not result and the completed auger hole is not more
than 50 mm larger in diameter than the maximum outside diameter of the casing pipe to be installed.
The auger drilled hole shall be to the correct line and grade. If an obstruction is encountered that will
cause deviation from the correct line and grade, a new hole shall be auger drilled.
Pipe in an auger drilled hole shall be installed as specified under a entitled Water Systems.
12270 BACKFILL WITHIN PIPE ZONE

The pipe zone is defined as that portion of the trench between the bottom level of the pipe bedding
and a level 150 mm above the top of the installed pipe. Bedding of the pipe and backfill of the trench
within the pipe zone shall be carried out as specified under a entitled Water Systems.
12271 PLACING BACKFILL
In order that consolidation of backfill is not hampered, trench water, if present, shall be removed
prior to commencement of backfilling.
To prevent damage to installed pipe, backfill shall be placed in the trench by rolling down a slope
and not be pushing it over the edge of the trench and allowing it to drop vertically. Every effort shall
be made to plan the backfilling operation such that exposure of backfill material to wet weather is
kept to a minimum. The trench shall be backfilled as close to the pipe laying operation as conditions
permit and trench excavation shall not be left open overnight without the written permission of the
Engineer.
12272 BACKFILL ABOVE PIPE ZONE

Materials and methods employed in backfilling trenches above the pipe zone shall depend on the
location of the trench with respect to travelled and un-travelled surfaces, and in particular on the type
of material existing on the surface in which the trench is excavated.
Travelled surfaces are graveled or paved roadways, lanes, driveways, parking areas, road shoulders,
walkways, or other graveled or paved surfaces over which vehicular or pedestrian traffic normally
travels.
Subject to provisions contained elsewhere herein, backfill above the pipe zone and surface
restoration of trenches shall be carried out in accordance with the following paragraphs:
a. Un-travelled Surfaces
In un-travelled surfaces, unless otherwise specified, trench backfill above the pipe zone
shall be native backfill material. Backfill may initially be built up to a height above
original ground level equal to 10% of the trench depth and allowed to settle. Prior to
acceptance, however, the trench surface shall be restored to its original level and to a
condition which at least is equivalent to that which existed prior to construction unless
the approval of the Engineer is given to leave trench surfaces in a bermed condition.
b. Gravel Travelled Surfaces

In travelled surfaces which exist as gravel surfaces, trench backfill shall be mechanically
compacted native backfill material to a level 300 mm below finished surface grade. The
remainder of the trench shall be backfilled with 300 mm of compacted road base gravel.
12273 BORROW BACKFILL MATERIAL

Where excavated trench material is not suitable for backfill, in the opinion of the Engineer, it shall be
hauled out and disposed of and imported backfill material shall be provided and placed.
12274 COMPACTION OF BACKFILL

Subject to the provision contained elsewhere herein, compaction of backfill above the pipe zone shall
be obtained by using approved, mechanical, power driven compactors. Compaction shall be carried
out with the soil at optimum moisture content such that compaction to 95% of Standard Proctor
Density (ASTM D698) is obtained. Backfill shall be compacted in lifts of not greater than 300 mm
none compacted depth.
12275 BACKFILL AROUND STRUCTURES
Backfill around structures such as valve chambers and pumping stations shall be carried out as
specified in a in 12100 entitled Excavating, Backfilling and Compacting for Structures. Particular
care shall be taken to place and compact backfill materials in even layers around the structure to
avoid unbalanced loading forces on the structure.
12276 ROAD SHOULDER GRAVEL
Where directed by the Engineer, trenches in road shoulders adjacent to paved surfaces shall be
resurfaced with shoulder gravel placed to a minimum thickness of 50 mm.
It is likely that, in certain traveled surfaces, placing of 300 mm of road base or surfacing gravel,
replacement of pavement, placement of shoulder gravel, compaction of backfill or any one (1) of
these items will not be required. These items shall be employed only in those locations authorized by
the Engineer. They may be deleted in part or in whole from the work depending on the existing soil
conditions encountered, condition of existing pavement, importance of maintaining traffic, or any
other reason considered by the Engineer to affect the desirability of this treatment of travelled
surfaces.
12278 DEFICIENCY OF BACKFILL MATERIAL

Any deficiency in the quantity of material available for backfilling which results from the
construction operation or removal and disposal of rock, boulders, or other material shall be made up
by the Contractor at his own expense. The Contractor shall haul suitable material from elsewhere on
the project site or, where this is not possible; provide material from other sources obtained by him to
make up such deficiencies in backfill material.
12279 DISPOSAL OF WASTE-EXCAVATED MATERIAL

Surplus-excavated material shall be removed from the trench area at the time of backfilling and shall
not be left along the trench following completion of the backfilling operation.
12280 RESTORATION OF WORKING AREAS
Working areas are those areas which are affected by the construction operation but which lie outside
the specified limits of trench excavation. Working areas shall be restored in the following manner:
a. Untraveled Surfaces
Working areas in untraveled surfaces shall be restored to their original condition.
b. Graveled Surfaces
Working areas in graveled surfaces shall be restored by scarifying and regarding the surface or, if
necessary, by re-gravelling the surface with material which is equivalent to that which existed prior
to commencement of construction.
12281 SURFACE RESTORATION IN EASEMENTS

Unless otherwise permitted by the property Client, trench surfaces in easements shall be restored to
their original level and condition immediately following backfilling operation. Trenches in
easements which have been excavated in traveled surfaces shall be backfilled and the trench restored
in accordance with the specification for the particular type of travelled surface involved.
Topsoil, shrubs, small trees, lawn, fences, and other items removed prior to or during the restoration
of trenching and backfilling shall be replaced to the satisfaction of the property Client. Very large
trees which have been removed on instruction from the Engineer and cannot be replaced in their
original condition will not be the responsibility of the Contractor.
Working areas in easements shall be restored to a condition which is equivalent to that which existed
prior to construction.
12282 SURFACE MAINTENANCE DURING CONSTRUCTION
The Contractor shall maintain all trench surfaces and working surfaces affected by his operations
throughout the construction period and until such time as the project is accepted by the Client.
Maintenance during this period shall be as follows:
a. Trench Surfaces
Surfaces of backfilled trenches which have been temporarily bermed shall be maintained at, or
above, the level of the original ground during construction and shall be finished as specified prior to
acceptance. Material shall be provided and placed to fill depressions resulting from settlement of
backfill.
b. Working Surfaces
In addition to maintenance of backfilled trench surfaces, working surfaces which have been disturbed
during construction shall be maintained in the specified finished condition.
12283 TRENCH SETTLEMENT DURING GUARANTEE PERIOD
The Contractor shall replace materials and rectify all failures that occur as a result of settlement of
trench backfill or collapse of trench walls during the guarantee period.
Trenches in which backfill settles shall be refilled with the specified backfill material and paved
surfaces that are adjacent to trenches or on trench backfill, which fail during this period, shall be
replaced or repaired in an approved manner.
12291 COMMON TRENCH EXCAVATION AND BACKFILL

a. Water Distribution and Supply Piping

Payment for common excavation and backfill of trenches for the Installation of Distribution and
Supply Piping will be made at the unit price per linear meter for traveled or untraveled surfaces and
for single or multiple pipe trenches show in the Tender Form for the various pipe size ranges and
depths. Measurement will be made horizontally along the center line of the pipe between the centers
of fittings. This price shall include materials, excavation, de-watering, bracing and sheeting,
backfilling, surface restoration and maintenance, and all work incidental thereto except those items
for which payment is specified additional to that for common trench excavation and backfill.
b. Water Service Connections

Payment for common excavation and backfill of trenches for the installation of water service
connections will be made at the unit price per linear meter for travelled or untraveled surfaces shown
in the Tender Form. Measurement will be made horizontally along the center line of the installed
service pipe from the center of the main pressure pipe to the terminus of the service connection. No
differentiation for the size of pipe will be made except where the size of pipe exceeds 150 mm
diameter in which case payment will be made as for the equivalent pipe size. This price will include
materials, excavation, de-watering, backing and sheeting, backfilling, surface restoration and
maintenance, and all work incidental thereto except those items for which payment is specified
additional to that for common trench excavation and backfill.
12292 HAND EXCAVATION
No additional payment will be made for hand excavation. The cost of hand excavation where
necessary, if any, shall be deemed to be included in the price tendered for common trench excavation
and backfill.
12293 TRENCH ROCK EXCAVATION
Payment for rock excavation in trenches will be made at the unit price per cubic meter shown in the
Tender Form. Payment will be made for excavation of single boulders, pipes of concrete, or
masonry exceeding 1 m3 in volume. Where solid ledge rock is excavated, the volume of rock for
payment will be calculated on the basis of nominal trench width shown on the drawings and the
depth from rock surface to trench bottom as measured vertically at 3 m intervals long the center line
of the trench over the trench length of rock. In the event that the calculated nominal trench width is
less than 800 mm, payment will be based on a trench width of 800 mm. This price shall included
excavated rock volume with approved backfill material, and all work incidental thereto. Payment
will be in addition to that of Item 12291 (a) above.
12294 OVER-EXCAVATION AND PAYMENT FOR BASE GRAVEL MATERIAL
Payment for over-excavation and placement of base gravel material will be made at the unit price per
cubic meter shown in the Tender Form. The volume of base gravel for payment will be calculated on
the basis of the nominal trench width as shown on the drawings and the depth of compacted base
gravel. Depth of base gravel will be measured vertically from the bottom of the pipe bedding to the
bottom of the over-excavated trench at 3 m intervals along the center line of the trench. This price
shall include materials, over-excavation, disposal of unsuitable material and placement and
compaction of the specified base gravel material, special bracing and sheeting as may be required,
and all work incidental thereto. Payment for this work will only be made when, in the opinion of the
Engineer, it is necessitated by the natural existence of unsatisfactory soil conditions. No payment
will be made for this work when these conditions have resulted from any acts, negligence, or delays
of the contractor. Payment will be in addition to that of Item 12291 (a) above.
12295 CUTTING AND DISPOSAL OF EXISTING PAVEMENT
Payment for removal and storage of existing stone, brick or precast concrete block pavement will be
made at the unit price shown in the Tender Form. Pavement cut by means of trenching equipment
and not saved does not qualify for payment under this . This price shall include separating the
stones, bricks or precast concrete blocks in the pavement into individual units, removal of mortar or
other bonding agent, transporting to a storage area, storage protection from damage and theft and all
work incidental thereto. Payment will be in addition to that of Item 12291 (a) above.
12296 ROAD BASE OR SURFACING GRAVEL
Payment for road base or surfacing gravel will be made at the unit price per linear meter shown in the
Tender Form. Measurement will be made along the center line of the trench. No differentiation for
trench width will be made except between service connection trenches, single pressure pipe trenches
and multi pressure pipe trenches. This price shall include materials, disposal of excavated material
replaced by the surfacing gravel, addition of surfacing gravel as required, and all work incidental
thereto. Payment will be in addition to that of Item 12291 (a) above.
12297 PAVEMENT REPLACEMENT
Payment for pavement replacement will be made at the unit price per linear meter for the different
types of pavement shown in the Tender Form. Measurement will be made along the center line of
the trench. No differentiation for trench width will be made except between service connection
trenches, single pressure pipe trenches and multi pressure pipe trenches.
This price shall include materials, placement and compaction of asphalt or concrete paving, or
transport to site and replacement of stored stone, brick or precast concrete block pavement as the
case may be, maintenance of the paved surface, and all work incidental thereto. Payment will be in
addition to that of 12291 (a) above.
12298 SHOULDER GRAVEL
Payment for shoulder gravel will be made at the unit price per square meter shown in the Tender
Form. Pay area will be calculated using the nominal shoulder width and the actual length of shoulder
placed. This price shall include materials, loading, hauling, watering, compacting, and all work
incidental thereto. Payment will be in addition to that of Item 12291 (a) above.
12299 AUGER DRILLING
Payment for auger drilling will be made at the unit price per linear meter shown in the Tender Form
for the various sizes of water service connection pipe. Measurement will be made horizontally along
the center line of the installed pipe between the limits of auger drilling established by the Engineer.
This price shall include materials, auger drilling, disposal of surplus excavated material, installation
of the water service pipe and all work incidentals thereto.
a. Auger Drilled And Encased Pipe Crossings

Payment for auger drilled and encased water supply and distribution pipeline crossing will be made
at the unit price per linear meter shown in the Tender Form for the various sizes of casing pipe. This
price shall include materials, auger drilling, disposal of surplus-excavated material, encasement, pipe
installation, installation of the water pipeline in the encasement pipe and all work incidentals thereto.
b. Concrete Fill
Payment for concrete fill for pipe base, encasement or backfill in the trench will be made at the unit
price per cubic meter shown in the Tender Form. Measurement will be based on the design
dimensions of the concrete placed including all works incidental thereto. Payment will be in addition
to that of Item 12291 (a) above.
c. Imported Backfill
Payment for supply and placement of imported backfill will be made at the unit prices per cubic
meter shown in the Tender Form for imported backfill. The volume of imported backfill will be
based on the limits of fill authorized by the Engineer as determined using the average end area
method. This price shall include supply, handling and placing of imported backfill material, and all
work incidental thereto.
This price shall include materials, concrete work, formwork, curing and protection, and all work
12300 SITE WORK, EXCAVATION AND EMBANKMENT CONSTRUCTION
12310 GENERAL
12311 SCOPE
This specification refers to excavation, construction of embankments, and preparation of subgrade

for roadways, pump house and reservoir sites, parking areas and miscellaneous site works.
12312 DEFINITIONS
The design cross shall mean the specified earth-works cross to be achieved by excavation and/or
embankment construction. The limits of the design cross are defined as the points where the
extremities of the design cross intersect the existing ground.
The design sub grade cross shall mean that portion of the design cross upon which sub base and/or
base course material is to be placed.
The design cross and design sub grade cross are shown on the drawings.
Embankments shall mean portions of the roadway, pump house and reservoir site or parking area
below the design cross which are constructed by filling or building up with fill materials.
Native materials shall mean all materials obtained through stripping or excavation within the limits
of the work.
Unsuitable materials shall mean materials which, in the opinion of the Engineer, cannot by reason of
its quality or condition be used in embankment construction or top soiling.
Imported materials shall mean all materials which are not native materials.
12313 TESTING
established by him on-site shall include the following:
a) Determination of optimum moisture content and Standard proctor Density (ASTM D698) on a
sample of each earth fill material to be used for embankment construction.
b) Determination of in-place moisture content and density (ASTM D698) on each layer of
compacted earth fill in the embankment. A minimum of one (1) field density test will be carried
out for each 100 m2 of surface area.
12314 EXISTING GROUND ELEVATION
A survey of the working area shall be carried out by the Contractor along the alignments specified by
the Engineer immediately prior to commencement of construction, and a series of cross s of the road
right-of-way will be produced at 15 m intervals along the road center line. These cross s will be
defined as the original ground cross s.
12315 DISPOSAL
Materials designated for disposal shall be disposed of as specified under a entitled Temporary
Controls.
12316 SETTING OUT

issued by the Engineer and from reference points established on the site by the Engineer. Such
reference points shall be limited to commencement and termination locations, general alignment and
offsets from aboveground structures.

The Contractor shall show on the as-built drawings, plans of the reservoir, pump house, treatment
plant and building sites constructed by him indicating the extent of graded areas, type of surface
finish, i.e. landscaped, dressed stone, asphalt pavement, etc., the locations sizes and details of
culverts, swales, ditches, gutters, retaining walls and other significant features.
12320 MATERIALS
12321 SUPPLY
The Contractor shall be responsible for acquisition of all imported material and shall, at least 10 days
prior to commencement of work, submit to the Engineer laboratory test reports showing that the
materials he intends to supply conform to the specifications.
12322 TOPSOIL
Native topsoil will be defined as surface material which, in the opinion of the Engineer, is suitable
for landscaping. Native topsoil shall contain a large proportion of loose organic soil, and shall be
free from stones, clay, roots, and other deleterious material larger than 40 mm in maximum
dimension.
Imported topsoil shall be a sandy loam, clay loam, silt loam, loam, or other approved soil. It shall
not contain cinders, stones, sticks, roots, or other extraneous materials larger than 40 mm in
maximum dimension. It shall be free from trash or construction debris.
12323 EARTH FILL

Native earth fill shall be native material with the exception of unsuitable material which is obtained
from excavation within the limits of the work. The material shall have a maximum size of 150 mm.
Native earth fill shall be suitable for placement and compaction as embankment with the specified
side slopes, and shall be free from soft or disintegrated particles, organic matter, clay and silt balls or
other deleterious material.
Imported earth fill shall be a durable granular material, uniform in quality and free from soft or
disintegrated particles, organic matter, clay and silt balls, or other deleterious material.
Imported earth fill shall be one of the following materials:
A well-graded material having a maximum size of 150 mm. The material shall be suitable for use in
embankment construction in the manner specified.
12324 ROCK FILL

Free from soft or disintegrated particles, organic matter, clay and silt balls, or other deleterious
Native rock fill shall be fragmented pieces of rock obtained from rock excavation within the limits of
the work. Native rock fill shall have a maximum size of 600 mm, with more than 15% of the
material by weight greater than 150 mm in size and less than 10% of material by weight passing the
0.075-mm sieve when tested in accordance with ASTM C136. Native rock fill shall be a durable,
well graded material suitable for placement and compaction in embankment with the specified side
slopes. The material shall be materials.
Imported rock fill shall be fragmented pieces of rock obtained from rock excavation or crushing
operations off site. Imported rock fill shall have a maximum size of 600 mm, with more than 15% of
material by weight greater than 150 mm in size and less than 10% of material by weight passing the
0.075-mm sieve when tested in accordance with ASTM C136. Imported rock fill shall be a durable,
well graded material uniform in quality and free from soft or disintegrated particles, organic matter,
clay and silt balls, or other deleterious materials.
12325 CULVERTS
Pipe for culverts shall be reinforced extra-strength concrete sewer pipes (RCP) conforming to
Ethiopian Standard ES C.D3.326.
Head walls shall be stone masonry with blocked, durable stone bedded in cement mortar (1:3).
Select backfill for the pipe zone shall be as specified under a in 12823 entitled Water Systems.
Stones for paving ditch slopes and inverts shall be hard, durable, sound rock from an approved
source. Stones shall be smooth surfaced, have an average thickness of 50 to 75 mm and an average
surface area of 0.05 m2.
12326 ROCK
Rock for stone masonry for retaining walls, walkways, swales and paved surfaces shall be hard,
durable, sound rock from an approved source. Face rock exposed to view shall be cut, dressed and
laid in an approved pattern.
Mortar shall be as specified in 13400, Masonry, but with cement and sand proportioned by volume
in a 1:4 Mix.
12327 CONCRETE
Concrete for gutters, pavement and miscellaneous site work shall be Class C25, in accordance with
13300 Concrete.
12330 WORKMANSHIP
12331 ALIGNMENT CONTROL

Procedures and equipment shall be carefully regulated to maintain the finished work within the
following tolerances:
a) The subgrade shall be within a tolerance of +50 mm with respect to the design subgrade
cross and grade.
b) Embankment edges shall be within a tolerance of +100 mm with respect to the designated
horizontal alignment.
The Contractor shall control his operations in such a manner that, wherever possible, the specified
design elevations are obtained. The Contractor shall not intentionally construct to elevations at either
the upper of lower tolerance limits as defined above. The Engineer will assess compliance with this
requirement by taking a series of elevations on the finished surface. These elevations should be
uniformly distributed above and below the specified design values.
12332 CONSTRUCTION CONDITIONS
Construction shall not be undertaken during heavy rain or other unsuitable conditions. Embankment
materials shall not be placed in areas with pools of water.
12333 REUSABLE MATERIALS
Reusable materials shall mean native earth fill, native rock fill, native topsoil, or other native material
designated for use in construction.
Reusable materials shall be stockpiled prior to use in construction if necessary. The Contractor shall
be responsible for obtaining approved locations for stockpiling as required.
The Contractor shall use appropriate methods to prevent Contamination of reusable materials during
excavation, handling, and stockpiling.
Reusable materials that are surplus, or that are rendered unsuitable during construction, shall be
disposed of.
12334 STRIPPING
Prior to commencing excavation operations, those areas designated by the Engineer shall be stripped
of all unsuitable material and topsoil.
Topsoil shall be stockpiled. Stumps, boulders, and other deleterious materials shall be removed from
the topsoil and disposed of.
12335 COMMON OR ORDINARY SOIL EXCAVATION
as bulk, pit or continuous trench excavation. Removal of asphaltic concrete pavement will not be
classified as common excavation.
Material shall be excavated by acceptable methods to the design cross , or to such other elevations as
may be established by the Engineer.
Excavated material which, in the opinion of the Engineer, is not suitable for use in embankment
construction shall be disposed of. Material which is classified as native earth fill shall be placed and
compacted as embankment as specified.
Excavated surface gravels obtained from existing roadways may be reused in construction of
subbase. The material shall only be reused in this manner if it complies with the specifications for
select aggregate as defined under entitled Subbase and Base Course. The material may not be
reused in construction of base course. Reuse of the material shall be carried out as specified herein.
12336 ROCK EXCAVATION
materials.
or above ground.
Material shall be excavated by acceptable methods to the design cross or such elevations as may be
established by the Engineer.
The Contractor shall use appropriate methods to avoid damage to rock below the design cross . Over-
break shall be rock lying below the design cross which is excavated, displaced, or loosened as a
result of the Contractor's operations. Over-break shall be removed and replaced with select
aggregate, placed and compacted as specified for subbase under a entitled Subbase and Base Course.
No points or pinnacles of rock shall be left protruding above the design cross .
Dangerous, loose, and overhanging rock shall be removed.
Unsuitable material shall be disposed of. Material which is classified as native rock fill or native
earth fill shall be placed and compacted as embankment as specified.
12337 OVER-EXCAVATION
Over-excavation shall mean additional common excavation required by the engineer as a result of
unsuitable natural foundation conditions.
Areas of over-excavation shall be filled with earth fill, rock fill or other suitable material as directed
by the Engineer. Replacement material shall be placed and compacted as specified.
Materials removed from areas of over-excavation will be deemed to be unsuitable and shall be
disposed of.
12338 EMBANKMENTS
Embankments shall be constructed to the design cross using the specified materials. Embankments
shall be constructed with the specified side slopes and in such a manner that they will be completely
stable at all times during construction.
Prior to embankment construction, areas where there are pools of water shall be drained. Fill
materials shall not be placed in water unless otherwise directed by the Engineer. Discharge of water
from ditches or pumps shall be controlled such that loss, damage, nuisance, or injury to the public
does not result.
Earth embankments shall be constructed using native earth fill. Should the supply of native earth fill
be inadequate, imported earth fill shall be used. Earth fill shall be placed in successive horizontal
layers not exceeding 300mm in loose thickness except for layers in the top 500 mm of the
embankment which shall not exceed 150mm in loose thickness. Each layer shall be compacted to
95% of Standard Proctor Density (ASTM D698) except layers in the top 500 mm of the embankment
which shall be compacted to 100% of that standard. Silt, clay, and other soil which cannot be
compacted to the required density because of a high moisture content shall not be employed without
prior aeration and drying.
Rock embankments shall be constructed using native rock fill. Rock fill shall be placed in successive
horizontal layers equal in thickness to be placed in successive horizontal layers equal in thickness to
the largest size of the material, but not exceeding 600mm. Rock fill shall be placed and spread in
such a manner that the larger rocks are well distributed and the intervening void spaces are filled with
smaller rocks and fines. Rock fill shall be spread and leveled by a crawler tractor weighing not less
than 15 tonnes. Passage of the crawler tractor shall be repeated sufficiently to provide a dense, stable
structure prior to placement of each subsequent layer.
Where a rock embankment is overlain by an earth embankment or by subbase or base course

materials, a transition layer shall be provided. The transition layer shall be constructed by blending
fine rock or other suitable material into the top 600mm of the rock fill zone embankment. The
transition zone shall be constructed such that migration of the earth fill or subbase or base course
materials into the transition zone will not occur.
Rock fill shall not be placed in embankments to a level higher than 300mm below the design
subgrade cross . Should any soft spots develop in the embankment areas during the process of
compaction, such areas shall be excavated and refilled as specified for over-excavation.
12340 SUBGRADE PREPARATION
Subgrade preparation shall include the special excavation and embankment construction procedures
required at or near the design subgrade cross , and the requirements for moisture content control and
protection of the prepared subgrade, as specified below.
In areas where, after stripping, a fill of less than 150mm or a cut is required to develop the design
subgrade cross , the surface material below the design subgrade cross shall be compacted. In cut
areas, the subgrade shall be shaped and compacted to 95% of Standard Proctor Density (ASTM
D698) to the ground surface shall be compacted similarly prior to placement of earth fill. Earth fill
shall be placed, shaped, and compacted to 100% of Standard Proctor Density (ASTM D698) to the
design subgrade cross . The cut and fill surfaces shall be proof rolled following compaction.
In areas where, after stripping, a fill in excess of 150 mm is required to bring the existing ground to
the design subgrade cross , earth or rock fill shall be placed and compacted as specified for
embankments.
At transitions between cut and fill areas, the subgrade shall be scarified and re-compacted as
specified above to a depth of 150mm for a distance of 5m beyond the cut area.
The prepared subgrade shall be maintained at or near optimum moisture conditions and protected
from disturbance at all times. Adequate measures shall be taken to prevent formation of pools of
water on the exposed native soil in excavated areas. Construction equipment shall not be permitted
to operate on the prepared subgrade where disturbance may result. Prior to commencement of
construction, the subgrade shall be drained and permitted to dry to restore optimum moisture
conditions, and shall be regraded and re-compacted where required.
12341 WATERING
If weather conditions and construction materials are such that watering may be required, the
Contractor shall maintain suitable watering equipment on the site. Watering shall be performed as
directed by the Engineer to obtain optimum moisture conditions during embankment construction.
Water in excess of that required for optimum moisture conditions may be used only with the
Engineer's approval to obtain the specified density.
Water shall be applied uniformly from a pressure type distributor equipped with suitable control
apparatus and a spray bar and nozzles similar to those used on asphalt distributors. Splash plate type
distributors or distributors with spray bars which eject fine streams of water shall not be permitted.
12342 DITCHES OR SWALES
Drainage ditches or swales shall be excavated to the line and grade shown on the drawings or as
otherwise determined by the Engineer.
12350 CULVERTS
Installation of pipe for culverts shall be as specified for water mains under a entitled Water Systems.
The pipe shall be installed at the locations and to the grades and elevations specified by the Engineer.
Backfill above the pipe zone shall be as specified for embankment construction in this .
Head-walls shall be constructed at the ends of each culvert to the dimensions shown on the drawings.
Backfill adjacent to the head-walls shall be done with hand tampers to prevent damage to the head-
walls by heavy equipment.
12360 PLACEMENT OF TOPSOIL

Topsoil shall be placed as directed by the Engineer on the cut and full slopes and other graded areas.
Topsoil shall be evenly spread to the depths shown on the drawings, or as specified by the Engineer,
with due allowance for settlement.
Spreading of topsoil shall not be undertaken where the ground or topsoil is frozen, excessively wet,
or in an otherwise unsuitable condition. After spreading the topsoil to the required depth, it shall be
raked to remove colds, large stones, and other litter.
During hauling and spreading of topsoil, roadway surfaces shall be kept clean.
12361 SITE GRADING
Fill required for site grading shall be backfill material placed in maximum 300 mm none compacted
lifts and compacted at optimum moisture content to 95% of Standard Proctor Density (ASTM
D698).
The site shall be uniformly graded to meet the design grades, contours, and elevations as shown on
the drawings, or as instructed by the Engineer. The surface shall be reasonably smooth, thoroughly
compacted, free draining, and rocks or lumps larger than 75 mm in their largest dimension. The
degree of finish shall be that normally obtainable by back-balding.
The finished surface shall be within 50 mm of the design grade and cross .
12362 DISPOSAL OF SURPLUS EXCAVATED MATERIAL
Excavated material which is not required or is unsuitable for construction purposes shall be disposed
of as waste by the Contractor as specified under a entitled Temporary Controls.
12370 ROCK-WORK
Rock-work and stone masonry shall be constructed as specified in Masonry, to the lines, areas or
dimensions shown on the drawings or specified by the Engineer.
12371 CONCRETE GUTTERS

Concrete gutters may be cast-in-place concrete or precast concrete units placed to the lines and
grades shown on the drawings or directed by the Engineer. Cast-in-place gutters shall have
contraction joints 10 mm deep at 1.5 m o.c. trowelled into their surface. Joints between precast
gutter units shall be filled with a cement and sand mortar (1:4).
All gutters shall be placed on a firm, compacted granular base not less than 100 mm in thickness.
12373 CONCRETE PAVEMENT
Concrete pavement shall be constructed on prepared base course surfaces to the thickness and
dimensions shown on the drawings or specified by the Engineer.
Concrete pavement shall be installed in accordance with the specifications for grade slabs in
Concrete, except that surfaces shall be broom finished and reinforced in accordance with the
specifications for grade slabs and side-walks in 13200 Concrete Reinforcement.
12381 Stripping
Stripping will be classified for payment as common excavation.
12382 Common Excavation

Payment for common excavation will be made at the unit price per cubic meter shown in the Tender
Form. The volume for payment will be computed between the original cross s and the design cross s,
with allowance for pavement removal, using the average end area method. Cross s will be taken
every 15 m along the center line, or at such lesser interval as the Engineer may deem necessary. This
price shall include de-watering, excavation, loading, hauling, placing, and compacting native earth
fill as embankments, disposal of unsuitable or surplus material, and all work incidental thereto. This
price shall also include all stripping operations, including excavation, loading, hauling, stockpiling of
topsoil, disposal of unsuitable or surplus material, and all work incidental thereto.
12383 Rock Excavation

Payment for rock excavation will be made at the unit price per cubic meter shown in the Tender
form. The volume for payment for detached masses will be computed using measured dimensions.
The volume for payment for rock formations will be computed between the existing cross s and the
design cross s using the average end area method. Cross s will be taken every 7.5 m along the center
line, or at such lesser interval as the Engineer may deem necessary. This price shall include drilling
and blasting, excavation, loading, hauling, placing and compacting native rock fill as embankments,
construction of transition layers, disposal of unsuitable or surplus materials, and all work incidental
thereto. No payment will be made for over-break. Restoration in over-break areas will be carried out
at the Contractor's expense.
12384 Over-excavation
Payment for over-excavation will be made at the unit price per cubic meter shown in the Tender
Form. The volume for payment will be based on the limits of over-excavation authorized by the
Engineer and computed using the average end area method. Cross s will be taken every 7.5m
through the excavated area, or at such lesser interval as the Engineer may deem necessary. This price
shall include de-watering, excavation, loading, hauling, disposal of material, for the cost of supplying
and placing the designated replacement material will be made as specified elsewhere herein.
12385 Embankment Construction

a. Embankment Construction Using Imported Earth Fill.
Payment for embankment construction using imported earth fill will be made at the unit price per
cubic meter shown in the Tender Form. The volume for payment will be computed between the
cross s taken before and after placement and compaction using the average end method. Cross
will be taken every 15 m along the center line or at such lesser intervals as the Engineer may deem
necessary. This price shall include material, material handling, loading, weighing, hauling, placing,
watering, shaping and compacting, and all work incidental thereto.
b. Embankment Construction Using Native Earth fill.

No separate payment will be made for embankment construction using native earth fill. Payment will be
included in the tendered unit price for common excavation.
c. Embankment Construction Using Native Rock fill.

No separate payment will be made for embankment construction using native rock fill. Payment will
be included in the tender unit price for rock excavation.
12386 Sub-grade Preparation
Payment for subgrade preparation will be made at the unit price per square meter shown in the
Tender Form. The area will be computed using the width of the design subgrade cross where a fill
of less than 150 mm or a cut is required and the length measured horizontally along the center line of
the finished roadway. This price shall include scarifying, windrowing, watering or de-watering,
shaping, compacting, proof rolling, and all work incidental thereto.
No payment ill be made for areas where the depth of fill below the subgrade cross is more than 150
mm.
No additional payment will be made for reworking the subgrade after rain, or where reworking is
necessitated as a result of the Contractor's operations.
12387 Ditches or Swales
Payment for the excavation of drainage ditches or swales outside the limits of common excavation
and embankment construction for site works and roadways will be made at the unit price per cubic
meter shown in the Tender Form for common excavation and rock excavation of ditches and swales
included within the limits of common excavation and embankment construction for site works and
roadways.
12388 Site Grading
No separate payment will be made for site grading. Payment for site grading will be included in the
relevant tendered price for which grading is required.
12389 Culverts, Head Walls and Ditch Lining
Payment for culverts will be made at the unit prices per meter of length for the sizes of pipe shown in
the Tender Form. This price shall include excavation, bedding, compaction, the supply of all
materials, installation of pipe and all work incidentals thereto.
Payment for head walls will be made at the unit price for each head wall shown in the Tender Form.
This price shall include excavation, backfill, and compaction, the supply of all materials, installation
of stone masonry and all work incidentals thereto.
Payment for stone paving for ditch lining will be made at the unit price per square meter shown in
the Tender Form. This price shall include, excavation, subgrade preparation, slope trimming, the
supply of all materials, installation of the stone paving and all work incidental thereto.
12390 Placement of Topsoil
Payment for placement of topsoil will be made at the unit price per square meter shown in the Tender
Form. The area will be determined by actual taped measurement of the surface top-soiled. This
price shall include materials, removal of native topsoil from stockpile, supply of imported topsoil,
placing, grading, ranking, compacting, and all work incidentals thereto.
12391 Rock Retaining Walls
Payment for rock retaining walls will be made at the unit price per cubic meter shown in the Tender
Form. This price shall include supply and installation of all rocks and mortar and all work incidental
thereto. Measurement will be based on completed face area and design thickness.
12392 Dressed Stone
Payment for dressed stone for walkways, paved surfaces and ditches will be made at the unit price
per square meter shown in the Tender Form. This price shall include supply, and installation of
dressed stone with mortar joints to a finished average thickness of 100 mm.
12393 Concrete Gutters
Payment for concrete drainage gutters will be made at the unit price per meter length shown in the
Tender Form. This price shall include excavation, granular base, backfill, compaction and supply of
all materials for construction and installation of concrete gutter all and work incidental thereto.
12395 Concrete Pavement
Payment for concrete pavement will be made at the unit price per square meter for the thickness
shown in the Tender Form. This price shall include the supply and installation of any formwork
required, concrete, steel reinforcement, expansion and contraction joints finishing, curing protection
and all work incidental thereto.
12800 WATER SYSTEMS
12810 GENERAL
12811 SCOPE
This specification refers to water system installation.
Trench excavation and backfill above the pipe zone shall be as specified under entitled Trench
Excavation and Backfill.
Valves, stops, and hydrants shall be as specified under a entitled Valves, Stops, and Hydrants.
12812 INSPECTION
The Contractor shall notify the Engineer when bedding, pipes, valves and fittings are installed and
ready for inspection. No items shall be backfilled until they have been approved by the Engineer.
12813 SETTING OUT
The Contractor shall set out all works specified in this on the basis of the drawings or instructions
reference points shall be limited to commencement and termination locations, general alignments
and offsets from aboveground structures.
The Contractor shall show on the as-built drawings the locations of all pipes, valves, fittings,
hydrants and service connections installed by him as well as any existing pipes or underground
structures encountered within 1 m of the water system. The drawings shall also show the type of
surface in which the pipe is installed, i.e., paved road, graveled road, walkway, or untraveled,
surface, and show offset distance from existing structures, buildings property lines or fences so as to
adequately show the locations of the water works.
12820 MATERIALS
12821 PIPE AND FITTINGS
Pipes for service connections smaller than 50 mm, diameter shall be G.S.I., copper, polybutylene,
PVC or polyethylene as specified under a entitled Pipe and Fittings.
Pipes for service connections 50 mm diameter and larger, and transmission piping shall be PVC, DI
or glass fibre reinforced plastic as specified under a entitled Pipe and Fittings.
Distribution and transmission piping shall be sized as shown on the drawings.
Service connection as designated by the Engineer. All components, such as saddles, corporation
stops and curb stops shall be the same size as the service pipe to which they are connected.
12822 BEDDING MATERIAL
Native material may be used where approved by the Engineer. Where required granular material for
bedding pipe shall be clean gravel, sand, or crushed rock, evenly graded from coarse to fine, with
maximum size of 25 mm and 95% retained on a 0.075 mm screen.
12823 SELECT BACKFILL FOR PIPE ZONE
Select backfill for the pipe zone shall be material selected by the Contractor from excavated trench
material. It shall be well graded, with no particle larger than 30 mm in its largest dimension. It shall
contain no hard lumps of or other objectionable material that might cause pipe damage or excessive
settlement, or prevent compaction.
Where excavated material does not meet the specification for select backfill for the pipe zone, the
Contractor shall provide this material from other sources.
12824 CONCRETE
Concrete for thrust blocking shall be made using normal Portland cement and shall develop a
compressive strength not less than 25 MPa in 28 days.
12830 WORKMANSHIP
12831 BEDDING FOR WATER MAINS
a. Preparation of Trench Bottom
The trench bottom should be smooth and free from stones, large dirt, and any solid material.
Generally, loose material left by the excavator on the trench bottom will be adequate for bedding the
pipe barrel so that it is fully supported. When the excavator cuts a very clean bottom, soft material
can be shaved down from the sidewalls to provided needed bedding. The bell coupling hole shall be
dug such that the full barrel of the pipe is supported throughout its length.
b. Bedding for Rocky or Hard Trench Bottom
Bedding material shall be placed to a minimum depth of 100 mm so that there are no voids under, or
along the pipe and shall be compacted by approved hand tampers to 90% Standard Proctor Density
(ASTM D698) in lifts, each having a maximum compacted depth of 150 mm.
12832 PIPE ALIGNMENT
The pipe shall be laid on line in accordance with the drawings and instructions issued by the
Engineer. The minimum depth of cover on main pipes measured from the top of the installed pipe to
ground surface adjacent to the trench shall be 1.0 m in areas subject to vehicular traffic and 0.6 m in
other areas unless otherwise shown on the drawings or ordered by the Engineer. Each pipe shall
follow constant grades with gentle transitions where ever practical.
12833 PIPE CUTTING
Pipe cutting shall be carried out in the manner recommended by the pipe manufacturer using tools
designed for this purpose.
12834 PIPE INSTALLATION
Pipe shall be checked before being lowered into the trench to ensure there are no foreign materials,
manufacturer's defects, or cracks that might prevent the proper jointing of the pipe or its operation.
Pipe and fittings shall be carefully lowered into the trench by means of derricks, ropes, or other
approved tools or equipment in a manner that will prevent damage to the pipe or injury of workmen.
Pipe shall be jointed in strict accordance with the manufacturer's recommended practice. The open
end of the pipe in the trench shall be suitably covered to prevent entrance of trench water and other
material during periods when pipe is not being installed.
Precautions shall be taken to ensure that displacement of the pipe in the trench does not occur
through soil displacement or flotation due to the presence of trench water. Pipe that has been
displaced shall be removed from the trench and re-laid.
12835 JOINTS AT RIGID STRUCTURES
A flexible joint shall be provided at locations where the pipe is held in fixed position by a rigid
support or structure. The distance from the support or structure will depend on the diameter and type
of pipe being installed and shall be in accordance with the pipe manufacturer's recommendations.
12836 PIPE AT FITTING
Short lengths of pipe shall be installed on both sides of all fittings and valves and at all hydrants.
12837 HORIZONTAL AND VERTICAL CURVE
Pipe on horizontal and vertical curves shall be laid true to the curve of the radius or offsets shown on
the drawings and in accordance with any field lines and grades for the curve supplied by the
Engineer. Variations in vertical curve and grades within the allowable joint deflection will be used
where deemed expedient or economical by the Engineer.
12838 DEFLECTION
Unless otherwise specified, the amount of pipe deflection at joints and couplings shall not exceed
recommended by the manufacturer.
12839 FITTINGS
Fittings shall be installed at the locations shown on the drawings or as directed by the Engineer.
They shall be properly, joined to the adjacent pipe and shall be adequately supported on bedding
material so as to reduce the transmission of any undesirable load or stress to the adjoining pipe.
12840 CONNECTIONS TO EXISTING PIPING
Connections shall be made to existing piping at locations shown on the drawings. Caution shall be
exercised in uncovering existing pipe to ensure that no damage occurs.
12841 VALVES BOXES
Each valve shall be provided with a valve box which shall be installed plumb and centered over the
key nut of the valve. The valve box shall be set such that traffic loads are not transmitted to the
valve. Valve box covers shall be set flush with the existing road surface, or as otherwise designated
by the Engineer. Valve boxes shall provide for adjustment of the cover to a level 200 mm higher or
200 mm lower than the installed level for future adjustment of the road or ground surface. The
surface box shall be supported in place by a precast concrete block to prevent displacement on
settlement of backfill as shown on the Construction Standard drawing. Backfill around the box shall
be compacted to prevent excess settlement and displacement by traffic. In unraveled surfaces, stone
masonry shall be constructed around the surface box to prevent its removal.
12842 VALVE BOX EXTENSIONS
Valve box extensions shall be installed in those valves selected by the Engineer.
12843 HYDRANTS
Hydrants shall be installed as shown on the drawings and shall be located as directed by the
Engineer. Except where permitted by the Engineer the hydrant shall not be less than 500 mm from
the gutter face of the curb or the edge of the road.
Hydrants shall be set plumb. Hydrants shall be set with the connector 100 mm below finished
ground or side-walk surface unless otherwise directed by the Engineer. The cover box shall be
installed flush with the surrounding ground unless otherwise directed by the Engineer. Care shall be
taken in installing the connection pipe from the main to the hydrant to ensure that the hydrant is set at
the specified level.
12844 LOCATION OF SERVICE CONNECTIONS
The Contractor will be advised by the Client of those houses and other buildings which require
reconnection of existing services. This shall be done before or while he is working on the streets
where there are existing water mains and therefore the possibility of existing water connections.
Existing services shall be reconnected according to a schedule to be determined jointly by the
Contractor and the Client so that water service is not interrupted for periods longer than specified in
11113. The point of reconnection along the length of the existing service and the method of
connecting existing service pipe to new service pipe shall be approved by the Engineer.
The Client will inform the Contractor in advance of the location and size of any new service
connections. New service connections shall be installed in accordance with this information.
12845 MINIMUM COVER SERVICE CONNECTIONS
The trench shall be excavated to provide a minimum cover of 0.6 m over the service connection pipe.
12846 TAPPING MAIN PIPE
Taps shall be made in the main pipe by experienced workmen using tools in goods repair with the
proper adaptors for the size of main being tapped.
Saddles may be omitted only where approved and recommended by the pipe manufacturer. Only
plastic pipes to AWWA standard or equal may be direct tapped.
All services shall be provided for tapped service connections under the following conditions:
_______________________________________________________________
Main Pipe Main Size Maximum Size
Type and Size without Saddle with Saddle
-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
100 mm PVC Class 150 Saddle required 50 mm
150 mm PVC Class 150 25 mm 50 mm
200 mm PVC Class 150 25 mm 50 mm
100 mm D.I Class 50 19 mm 32 mm
-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
 with special stop Mueller No. A233, or similar.
12847 INSTALLATION OF SERVICE CONNECTIONS
The trench bottom shall be graded to from a continuous support along the service pipe. All rocks or
projections which might prove detrimental to the pipe shall be removed.
The pipe shall be connected to the corporation stop and a gooseneck formed as shown on the
drawings. Pipe shall be installed in a straight line between the gooseneck and the terminus of the
service.
Alternatively the pipe may be tapped on the top and a saddle with a 90 degree service exit (ferrule)
used.
Cooper pipe shall be cut with square ends. Care shall be taken to prevent the pipe from kinking or
buckling on short radius bends. Joints shall be made using the specified couplings. Sweated joints
shall not be made. Pipe installed in an bored hole shall be protected with a cap or plug to prevent the
entry of foreign material into the pipe.
12848 TERMINAL STOP, METER AND BOX
Terminal stops and meters shall be installed at the ends of service connections as shown on the
drawings or in the locations directed by the Engineer.
The terminal stop and meter shall be installed in a meter box for all services to public fountains and
where ordered by the Engineer. Boxes shall be installed with a minimum clearance of 100 mm
between the bottom of the box and the top of the service pipe. Backfill around the box shall be
compacted to prevent settlement.
12849 PUBLIC FOUNTAINS
Existing public fountains shall be inspected and repaired in accordance with instructions given by the
Engineer. Repair may include replacement of part of the entire pipe, fittings and taps, repair of
masonry or concrete and related site improvements depending upon the conditions observed during
the inspection.
New public fountains shall be constructed as shown in the drawings at the locations directed by the
Engineer. Piping from the meter box to the fountain shall be installed in the same manner as service
connections as specifies herein.
A painted metal sign approximately 200 x 400 mm in size identifying the public fountain and its
number shall be supplied and installed by the Contractor under this Contract.
12850 AIR VALVES WASH OUTS AND BOXES
Air valves shall be installed on the high points of water supply and transmission pipelines as shown
on the drawings and where ordered by the Engineer. Connections shall be made to the top of the
pipeline as shown on the Construction Standards, complete with isolating valve, blow-off piping and
fittings.
The air valve and wash outs shall be encased in valve chambers constructed as shown in the drawing
with necessary covers.
12851 THRUST BLOCKING
Concrete thrust blocking shall be provided at all valves and fittings (crosses, tees, bends, caps, plugs,
reducers). It shall be placed between undisturbed soil and the fitting. The area of thrust block
bearing shall be as shown on the drawings. Care shall be taken to ensure that concrete for thrust
blocking does not interfere with the operation of flange bolts and nuts or prevent proper operation of
valves. Thrust blocking shall not be subjected to stress by pressurizing the water system or any other
means until the concrete has attained a strength of 15 MPa.
12852 BACKFILL IN PIPE ZONE
After the pipe has been installed and bedded, select backfill material shall be placed by hand to a
minimum depth over the pipe of 300 mm. This material shall be thoroughly compacted using hand
tampers in lifts, each having a maximum compacted depth of 150 mm. Compaction shall be to 90%
of Standard Proctor Density (ASTM D698).
Pipe joints shall remain exposed until the pressure test has been completed. On completion of the
pressure test, select backfill shall be placed over the exposed joints.
12853 TESTING OF WATER MAINS
Following placement of select backfill and prior to final backfilling of the trench, pressure and
leakage tests shall be performed on all pipe, hydrants, valves, and fittings. Tests shall be conducted
in the presence of the Engineer.
Lengths of mains for pressure testing shall be selected to meet construction conditions. Where
possible, s may be isolated using installed valves; otherwise, s of the pipe shall be plugged.
Pipe joints shall be exposed. Sufficient backfill shall be placed on the pipe between joints to ensure
that displacement does not occur during testing. Leakage tests shall be carried out between valved s
of the installation such that every valve in the system is tested Concrete thrust blocking shall have set
up sufficiently prior to testing to restrain fittings, hydrants, valves, or alternately, timber blocking
shall be provided to prevent displacement.
Pressure and leakage tests shall be performed in the following manner. The installed pipe shall be
filled slowly with water and all air expelled from the pipe. The average water velocity when filling a
pipeline shall be less than 0.60 m/s and preferably under 0.30 m/s. If air-relief fittings are not
available at high points in the test , the pipe shall be tapped to release all air and approved plugs
inserted on completion of testing. Hydrant lead valves shall be opened during the test so that
hydrants are placed under test.
The test shall be filled with water at least 24 hours prior to testing. By pumping water into the test ,
the internal pressure shall be increased to a pressure equal to 0.7 MPa or 1.5 times the maximum
system operating pressure, whichever is greater. This pressure shall be maintained constant in the
pipe throughout the duration of the test by the addition of make-up water. The duration of the test
shall be a minimum of two (2) hours. The quantity of water pumped into the test to maintain the
specified pressure over the period of test shall be considered to be the leakage.
Piping will not be accepted until the leakage is less than the maximum allowable leakage determined
from the following formula:
L = N x D x the square root of P = N x D x ÖP

4060 4060
L = the allowable leakage in litres per hour,
N = the number of bolted, mechanical or push-on joints in the test ,
D = the nominal diameter of the pipe in mm, and
P = the average test pressure during the leakage test in Mega Pascal (MPa).
Should any test disclose leakage greater than that specified above, the Contractor shall locate and
repair the defect and retest the to ensure that the leakage is within the allowable limits.
For a of pipe installed with couplings, the number of joints is considered to be equal to the number
of pieces of pipe.
12854 TESTING OF SERVICE CONNECTIONS
Service connections shall be tested in conjunction with the water main piping, or by testing at the
normal system hydrostatic pressure after the main has been completely installed and tested. Each
service shall be inspected visually for leaks before backfilling. The duration of test shall be at least
15 minutes.
Piping to public fountains shall be tested in the same manner as service connections.
12855 FLUSHING
The installed piping system shall be cleaned of dirt and other foreign materials. The pipe shall be
flushed at water velocities of 1.0 m/s or as high a velocity as can be obtained from the available
water sources. Flushing water shall be discharged to watercourses or ditches that have sufficient
capacity to carry the flow.
12856 DISINFECTION
On completion of the flushing operation, main pipes and services shall be chlorinated for
disinfection. Chlorination procedures shall conform to AWWA C601.
On completion of chlorination, the entire piping system shall be thoroughly flushed, filled with
water, and left in a condition ready for use.
12857 SUSPENDED PRESSURE PIPE
Suspended pressure pipe shall be installed as shown on the drawings. The Contractor shall design
and supply all materials for anchoring the hanger rods to the bridge structure and obtain all necessary
approvals from the appropriate authorities.
12861 SUPPLY, DISTRIBUTION AND SERVICE PIPE
Payment for Supply, Distribution and Service Pipe will be made at the price per linear meter shown
in the Tender Form for the various sizes of pipe. Measurement will be made horizontally along the
center line of the pipe. This price shall include transporting to site and storing Client supplied pipe,
supply of other materials, bedding, pipe installation, jointing, backfill within the pipe zone, flushing,
except those items for which payment is specified additional to that for pipe.
12862 FITTINGS
Payment for fittings will be made at the unit price per fittings. This price shall include transporting
to site and storing Client supplied materials, installation of fittings, supply of restrained joints and all
work incidental thereto. Payment will be in addition to that for pipe.
12864 GATE VALVES AND VALVES BOXES
Payment for gate valves and valve boxes will be made at the unit price per gate valve shown in the
Tender Form. This price shall include transporting to site and storing Client supplied materials,
installation of the valve, sleeve pipe and surface box, supply of concrete and installation of thrust
blocking, supply and installation of a precast concrete slab to support the surface box and all work
incidental thereto. No deduction will be made for pipe. The supply and installation of stone
masonry around the surface box will be paid for separately where no pavement existed prior to
excavation. Extension spindles will be paid for separately per item where so ordered.
12865 MARKER SIGN POST

Payment for marker sign posts will be made at the unit price per sign post shown in the Tender Form.
This price shall include supply of all materials, transporting to site, installation of the post, sign,
concrete foundation and all work incidental thereto.
12866 HYDRANTS AND SURFACE BOXES
Payment for hydrants will be made at the unit price per hydrant shown in the Tender Form.
This price shall include transporting to site and storing Client supplied materials, installation of the
hydrant, supply of concrete and installation of thrust blocking, surface box and all work incidental
thereto.
12867 SERVICE CONNECTIONS
Payment for new service connections will be made at the unit price per complete service connection
shown in the Tender Form. This price shall include transport to site and storing the main pipe,
installation of saddle, corporation stop, coupling adaptor, plug and all work incidental thereto.
Payment will be in addition to that for pipe.
12869 VALVE KEYS
Payment for shut-off keys will be deemed to be included in other pay items and no additional
payment will be made.
12870 IMPORTED GRANULAR BEDDING MATERIAL
Payment for the supply of imported granular bedding materials shall be made at the unit price per
cubic meter shown in the Tender Form. Measurement will be made horizontally along the center line
of the pipe of the design trench width and of the compacted bedding depth as installed. Payment will
be in addition to that for pipe.
12871 METER BOXES
Payment for meter boxes will be made at the unit price per meter box shown in the Tender Form.
This price shall include excavation, backfill, completion, supply of all materials including box, cover,
chain and lock, installation of the box and all work incidental thereto.
12872 REPAIR OF EXISTING PUBLIC FOUNTAINS
Payment for repair for existing public fountains will be made under a Provisional Sum item on the
basis of price shown in the Day-work Schedule in the Tender Form for the supply of labour and
installation of materials as ordered by the Engineer.
12873 PUBLIC FOUNTAIN
Payment for public fountains will be made at the unit price per public fountain shown in the Tender
Form. This price shall include the transport to site of all Client supplied materials, the supply of all
other materials including concrete, reinforcing steel, stone masonry, hollow concrete block, drainage
rock and miscellaneous items shown in the drawings, excavation, installation and all work incidental
thereto..
12874 SUSPENDED PRESSURE PIPE AND SUPPORTS
Payment for suspended pressure pipe supports will be made at the unit price per meter shown in the
Tender Form. This price shall include the transport to site of all Client supplied materials, the supply
of all other materials including supports, anchorage’s and miscellaneous items, installation of the
pipe fittings, rollers, hangers and supports, repair of coatings and linings and all work incidental
thereto.
12875 AIR VALVES AND BOXES
Payment for air valves and boxes will be made at the unit price for each type and size of air valve
shown in the Tender Form. This price shall include the transport to site of all Client supplied
materials, the supply of all other materials including concrete base, coarse drainage stone, reinforced
concrete pipe, reinforced concrete top slabs, hooks, chain, locking hardware and miscellaneous
items, installation to main pipeline, miscellaneous fittings, and all work incidental thereto.
12900 BARBED WIRE FENCES AND STEEL GATES
12910 GENERAL
12911 SCOPE
This specification refers to chain link fences and gates.
12912 SETTING OUT
This Contractor shall set out all work specified in this on the basis of the drawings or instructions
reference position shall be limited to commencement and termination locations, general alignments
and offsets from aboveground structures.
12913 SUBMITTALS
The Contractor shall submit shop drawings of chain link fences and gates and samples of the fence
fabric as specified in submittals.
The location and lengths of all fences and gates installed by the Contractor and existing fences
adjacent to, abutting or extending from the fences installed herein, shall be shown on the as-built site
drawings.
12920 MATERIALS
12921 FENCE FABRIC
Fabric shall be 2.10 m high and shall be in a 50 mm mesh.
Top and bottom salvages shall have a twisted and barbed finish.
Fabric shall be made from zinc-coated wire with a minimum diameter of 3.8mm.
Zinc coating for none vinyl-coated wire shall be applied electrolytically at a rate of not less than 366
g of zinc per square meter of surface area of wire. The weight of zinc coating shall be determined in
conformance with the provisions for stripping tests described in ASTM A90. The uniformity of the
zinc deposit shall be determined in conformance with ASTM A239 (preece Test). Wire shall be able
to withstand at least five (5) 1-minute dips before showing signs of cooper deposit.
12922 BARBED WIRE
Barbed wire shall be made from two (2) stands, each with a normal diameter of 2.51 mm, and shall
have 4-point barbs spaced at 150 mm.
Barbed wire shall be coated with not less than 152 g of zinc per square meter of surface area of wire
in accordance with ASTM A121.
Material qualifications shall be as specified for chain link fabric.
12923 POST MATERIAL
Posts used for facing shall be of C-20 reinforced concrete and shall be fabricated to the dimensions
shown on the standard drawings.
12924 LINE POSTS
Line posts are posts which support fencing at points where fabric is continuous.
12925 TERMINAL POSTS
Terminal posts are end posts, corner posts, straining posts, and gate posts, positioned were fencing or
fabric is discontinuous and attached to posts by means of tension bars.
Gate posts are R.H.S and are terminal posts which support gates in addition to fabric. Gate posts
shall be sized in excess of the minimum specified if such is necessary for adequate support.
12926 BRACES
Braces are positioned at terminal posts and shall extend from terminal post to the nearest line post
along each fabric attached to the terminal post.
12927 TENSION BARS

Tension bars shall be 4.7 mm x 19 mm and shall have a length equal to the height of the fabric.
12928 TENSION BANDS
Tension bands shall not be less than 9 mm in width and shall be not less than 3.5 mm in thickness.
12929 EXTENSION ARMS
Extension arms of fence posts shall have provision to accommodate three (3) strands of barbed wire
at 450 angle overhang.
The top strand of barbed wire shall be approximately 300 mm above the fabric.
12930 ZINC COATING
Zinc coating shall be applied to tension bars and tension bands, which are not fabricated from
corrosion-resistant material.
Zinc coating shall be not less than 610 g/m2 of surface area and shall be applies by hot-dip in
conformance with ASTM A123.
12931 TIE WIRE
Tie wire shall be of suitable strength and be corrosion resistant.
12932 TENSION WIRE
Tension wire shall be not less than 4.8 mm diameter, single-strand, electro-galvanized wire that will
withstand at least five (5) dips in conformance with ASTM A239.
Tension wire shall have an ultimate tensile strength at least equal to that specified for wire that will
withstand at least five (5) dips in conformance with ASTM A239.
Tension wire shall have an ultimate tensile strength at least equal to that specified for wire for chain
link fabric, and shall have a corrosion protection system equal to that specified for fabric.
12933 GATES
Gates shall be either swing-type or sliding-type and shall have nominal dimensions as shown on the
drawings. Gates shall be fabricated from RHS of the specified quality. The size of RHS used shall
be suitable for the size of gates. Gates shall be fabricated with electrically-welded joints, complete
with galvanized, malleable iron hinges, latch, and latch catch.
Gate latches shall be suitable for padlock which can be attached and operated from either side of the
gate.
Swing gates shall be furnished with suitable hinges permitting a 900 swing both in and out. Double
gates shall be furnished with a drop bar locking device. The drop bar locking device shall extend the
full height of the gate and shall be fitted with a hasp for locking with a padlock.
Sliding gates shall be furnished with top and bottom guide rails fixed to the fence posts and with
rollers on which the gates shall slid along the rails.
Shop drawings of gates and related appurtenances shall be submitted to and reviewed by the
Engineer prior to fabrication or assembly.
12934 CONCRETE
Concrete for fence post footings shall be as specified under a entitled concrete, except that the
compressive strength shall be not less than 20 MPa at 28 days.
12935 SIGNS
Signs shall be 300 mm x 600 mm and manufactured commercially out of 1.3 mm thick zinc-
protected flat steel or 1.6 mm thick aluminum with rounded corners, holes for mounting, primed, and
finished with high quality enamel paint formulated especially for sign work.
Signs shall have letters a minimum of 50 mm high in bold print. Lettering shall state "NO
TRESPASSING" in English and in Amharic and “WATER SUPPLY FACILITY" followed by the
name of the facility in English. The name shall be completed as directed by the Engineer.
One (1) sign shall be attached to the fence at the front of each fenced site.
12940 WORKMANSHIP
12941 LOCATION
Fencing shall be located on line and grade as shown on the drawings and staked by the Engineer on
the site.
12942 POST INSTALLATION
Posts shall be set in concrete footings, plumb and true to line. Spaces between line posts shall be
uniform and shall not exceed 3 m.
12943 CONCRETE FOOTINGS
Posts shall be set in concrete and the concrete shall extend at least 100 mm below the post. Footings
shall be trowelled to slop uniformly away from the post to finished grade at the circumference of the
footing.
Concrete for footings hall be such size and shape as required to withstand any strain or shocks
ordinarily brought to bear on the fence, but not less than the minimum dimensions shown in the
drawings
Concrete for footings shall be completed using internal vibrators and shall be allowed to develop
sufficient strength prior to installation of fencing between posts.
If forms are used for concrete footings, backfill be compacted to density of adjacent in-place soil.
12944 FENCING
Chain link fabric shall be suitably tightened. Fabric shall be attached to terminal posts using tension
bars and bands. Tension bars shall be threaded through fabric mesh and shall be connected to
terminal posts by means of tension bands spaced not more than 375 mm apart. Fabric shall be
fastened with tie wire to line posts at approximately 300 mm oc. The bottom selvage of fabric shall
be approximately 50 mm, but not more than 100 mm, above finished grade.
Bottom tension wire shall be strung along the bottom selvage of the fabric, pulled taut and firmly
attached to terminal posts with suitable fittings.
The barbed wire overhang shall be strung, secured to extension arms, pulled taut, and firmly attached
to terminal posts with suitable fittings. Unless otherwise specified, the overhang will be on a 450
angle pointing into the property.
12945 GATE INSTALLATION
Gates shall be installed at locations shown on the drawings or staked by the Engineer on the Site.
Gates shall be hung to be level and 225 mm above finished grade. Gates shall swing into the site
900. A gate "stop post" or other means shall be provided to hold the gate open.
Gates shall be so constructed that they can be opened and closed smoothly with a minimum of effort.
12951 CHAIN LINK FENCING
Payment for chain link fencing will be made at the unit price per linear meter shown in the Tender
Form. Length for payment will be measured horizontally along the center line of posts installed
between gates. The price shall include materials, line posts, terminal posts, barbed wire overhang,
braces, connections, fence fabric, excavation, concrete installation, signs, and all work incidental
thereto.
12952 GATES
Payment for gates will be made at the unit price per gate for the widths and type shown in the Tender
Form. This price shall include installation, materials, and all work incidental thereto.
13100 CONCRETE FORMWORK
13010 GENERAL
13111 SCOPE:
This specification refers to concrete formwork and falsework.
13112 CODES AND STANDARDS:
Design and construction of formwork and falsework shall conform to the following codes and
standards:
ESCP 2: Part 1, Structural Use of Concrete.
The codes and standards shall take precedence and govern in the order shown unless otherwise
specified.
13113 SHOP DRAWINGS:
a. Shop drawings shall be submitted in accordance with the on Submittals.

b. Sequence of concrete placement, methods and schedule of construction, materials,
arrangement of joints, ties, shores, liners, and locations of temporary embedded parts shall
be indicated. Falsework drawings shall indicate material, size, location and connection of all
beams, shores, braces and sills.
c. Shop drawings shall bear the stamp and signature of qualified structural engineer.
d. The design, inspection and safety of the formwork components shall remain the
responsibility of the Contractor.
13114 DESIGN AND INSPECTION:
Formwork and falsework shall be designed and inspected by a qualified Structural Engineer,
employed by the Contractor.
13115 EXAMINATION:
Civil, structural, mechanical, and electrical drawings and specifications shall be examined for work
that might affect formwork.
13116 SUBMITTALS:
Two samples of each type of form tie for use in water-tight structure shall be submitted to the
Engineer for approval, four (4) weeks prior to construction.
13120 MATERIALS
13121 FORMWORK - LUMBER:
Plywood and wood formwork material shall be good, sound, quality softwood with a minimum of
face defects.
13122 CHAMFER STRIPS:
Chamfer strips shall be either cut from swan lumber or shall be extruded polyvinyl chloride and shall
be 20 mm. X 450 unless otherwise noted on the drawing.
13123 METAL FORMS:
Metal forms shall be made of sheet or plate steel with sufficient rib stiffening.
13124 TUBULAR COLUMN FORMS:
Tubular column forms shall be round, spirally-wound laminated fiber forms, internally treated with
release material.
13125 FORM LINER:
Form liner shall be approved by the Engineer.
13126 OIL:
Form oil shall be a nonstaining, mineral-type, free from volatile constituents.
13127 TIES:
Internal form ties shall be metal and of a type of that no metal will be within 40 mm. of the concrete
surface when forms have been removed.
Ties shall have tapered plastic cones at faces of concrete to allow for grouting.
Ties for watertight and underground structures shall have a water-stop flange at mid-length and be
completely free of grease and oil.
13128 SHORING:
Shoring shall be either lumber or steel.
Lumber shall be graded with a classification not less than that used in the design of formwork.
Steel shoring shall be adjustable with provisions for attachment of bracing, and shall have a rated
load bearing capacity.
13130 WORKMANSHIP
13131 GENERAL:
Forms shall be built sufficiently strong and rigid to sustain the weight or fluid pressure of concrete
plus any superimposed construction loads without noticeable deflection. Forms shall be sufficiently
tight to prevent leakage of mortar.
Forms for walls slabs and columns exposed to view shall be steel, plywood or lined with a material
approved by the Engineer.
Earth forms shall not be used unless shown on the drawings or authorized by the Engineer.
All openings in beams, columns, structural slabs and walls not indicated on the drawing shall be
13132 TREATMENT:
Forms for surfaces which are to receive a plaster finish shall not be oiled.
Reinforcement shall not be contaminated with form oil.
Untreated forms shall be kept wetted down to prevent shrinkage prior to placing concrete and shall
be surface wetted at the time of placing.
13133 ALIGNMENT DURING PLACING:
Forms shall be checked frequently for alignment and elevation during placing. A suitable means for
checking forms shall be provided.
Corrective adjustments shall be carried out as required until concrete is in place.
13134 FORMING:
Forms shall be so constructed that they may be dismantled and removed without damaging concrete.
Top edged of forms for columns, deep beams, and walls adjacent to slabs shall be built so that
settlement of the slab and beam forms will not create an indented crease that will reduce the concrete
cross immediately above.
Chamfer strips shall be used on all external corners and edged of concrete work to improve the
junction of concrete faces and to avoided to facilitate cleaning and inspection. These openings shall
be sealed so as to present a smooth, flush inside face after cleaning the interior of the form with water
immediately prior to pouring concrete.
13140 FORMWORK TOLERANCES:
Forms shall be so constructed that the finished concrete will conform to the shape and dimensions
specified.
Tolerances for formwork shall be:
13141 Variation from plumb:
In lines and surfaces of columns, piers, walls, and in risers: 10 mm. per 3 m., but not more than 25
mm.
13142 Variation from the level or grades indicated on the drawings: In slab soffits, ceilings, beam
soffits, lintels, sills parapets, and in risers:
. In 3 m. 6 mm.
. In any bay or 6 m. maximum 10 mm.
. In 12 m. or more 20 mm.
13143 Variation from a true plane: Within 6 mm. in 3 m. as determined by a 3-m. straightedge.
13144 Variation of the linear building lines from established position in plan and related position of
columns, wall and partitions:
 In any bay or 6 m. maximum 13 mm.

 In 12 m. or more 25 mm.
13145 Variation in the sizes and locations of sleeves, and floor and wall openings:
 Any direction 10 mm.
13146 Variation in cross-al Dimensions of columns and beams, and in the thickness of slabs and
walls:
 Minus 10 mm.
 Plus 20 mm.
13147 Footings: Variation in dimension in plan:
 Minus 13 mm.
 Plus 50 mm.
Misplacement or eccentricity: 2% of the footing width in the direction of misplacement but not more
then 50 mm.
Reduction in thickness: Minus 5 % of specified thickness
13148 Variation in steps:
 Rise 5 mm.
 Tread 10 mm.
No tolerances specified for horizontal or vertical building lines or footings should be construed to
permit encroachment beyond the legal boundaries.
13150 REMOVAL:
The Engineer will have the right to order concrete removed which has become misaligned during
placing.
13160 REUSE:
Forms may be reused after adequate cleaning, provided the face have not become cracked or
roughened. Forms so used shall be trimmed and properly patched.
13170 STRIPPING:
Forms shall be stripped only after concrete has hardened adequately and has attained sufficient
strength to support safely all superimposed loads to which it may be subjected. Supporting forms or
shoring shall not be removed prior to the time intervals given below, unless otherwise authorized by
the Engineer. When high-early strength cement is used, two-thirds (2/3) of these intervals may be
used.
Time intervals given shall be the cumulative number of days or fractions thereof, not necessarily
consecutive, during which the temperature of the air in contact with concrete is above 100C and
concrete has been damp or thoroughly sealed from evaporation and less of moisture.
 Wall and Beam Side Forms 1 Day

 Column Forms 7 Days
 Centering Under Beams 14 Days
 Forms Under Structural Slabs 14 Days
Column forms shall be stripped before removing shores.
Slab forms and beam side forms shall be removed before removing centering under beams.
13180 Measurement and Payment
Payment for the work of this will be made at the unit prices shown in the Tender Form.
13200 CONCRETE REINFORCEMENT
13210 GENERAL
13211 SCOPE:
This specification refers to concrete reinforcement.
Fabrication and placing of concrete reinforcement shall conform to the following codes and
standards:
EBCS 2 Structural Use of Concrete.(Ethiopian Structural use of Concrete)

BS EN 1992-2:2005 Eurocode 2. Design of concrete structures - Concrete bridges. Design
and detailing rules

BS EN 1992-1-2:2004 Eurocode 2. Design of concrete structures - General rules - Structural
fire design
BS EN 1992-1-1:2004 Eurocode 2. Design of concrete structures - General rules and rules for
buildings
BS EN 1992-3:2006 Eurocode 2. Design of concrete structures - Liquid retaining and
containing structures
BS EN 13670:2009 Execution of concrete structures
BS 4466 - Bending Dimensions and Scheduling of Bars for the Reinforcement of
Concrete.
BS 5337 The Structural Use of Concrete Containing Aqueous Liquids
The codes and standards shown take precedence and govern in the order shown unless otherwise
specified.
13213 EXAMINATION:
that might affect concrete reinforcement.
13214 SHOP DRAWINGS:
Shop drawings shall be prepared in conformance with ACI 315 and submitted in accordance with
0700. A complete set of drawings shall be prepared for each structure showing the location, spacing,
size and length of reinforcing bars. These drawings shall show all details necessary for the
placement of the reinforcing. Structures not detailed on the drawings shall be reinforced in
accordance with ESCP 2 and BS 5337. Designs for these structures shall be submitted to the
Engineer for review. Responsibility for supply and finishing the complete work as specifies and
shown on the drawings shall remain with the Contractor.
13215 TESTING:
Materials and workmanship will be subject to inspection at any time by inspectors representing the
Client. Should the Client proceed with inspection, access shall be provided to all places where work
is being done or material is stockpiled prior to shipment.
Copies of mill test certificates, properly correlated to materials, shall be submitted to the Engineer
before work is commenced.
13216 INSPECTION:
The Engineer shall inspect and approve the reinforcing prior to placing concrete.
13217 SAMPLES:
Samples of reinforcing chairs shall be submitted to the Engineer for review two (2) weeks prior to
construction.
13220 MATERIALS
13221 REINFORCEMENT:
Reinforcement shall be hot-rolled or cold-rolled, deformed steel bars conforming to ESCP2: Part I
with minimum yield strength of 400 MPa.
Reinforcement shall be clearly marked with grade symbol to enable the inspector to check the grade
in the field.
Welded wire fabric shall conform to ESCP2: Part I.
13222 CHAIRS:
Chairs, bolsters, bar supports, and spacers for all concrete shall be nonstaining, plastic-coated steel or
plastic.
Precast concrete blocks may be used in place of metal chairs for footings, slabs, and non-visible
surfaces. Concrete blocks for vertical formed surfaces shall be provided with wire ties. Concrete
shall have attained a minimum compressive strength of 40 MPa at the time of use.
13223 MATERIALS STORAGE:
Reinforcement shall be protected from contamination by storing on racks or skids above ground.
13230 WORKMANSHIP
13231 HOOKS AND BEDS:
Hooks and bends shall conform to ESCP2: Part I.
Bars shall be bent cold unless otherwise authorized by the Engineer. Bars that are partially
embedded in concrete shall not be bent unless shown on the drawings or authorized by the Engineer.
Reinforcement shall not be straightened or re-bent in any manner that will injure the material. Bars
with kinks or bends not shown on the drawings shall not be used.
13232 CLEANING:
Bars shall be free from loose rust, mud, oil, or other bond-reducing coatings.
Bars shall be inspected if concrete placing is delayed, and recleaned if necessary before resumption
of concreting.
13233 PLACING:
Reinforcement shall be placed accurately and supported by chairs, spacers, or ties within the
following tolerances:
a) Clean cover - 8 mm.

b) Effective depth where depth of member is:
 200 mm. or less + 12 mm.
 greater than 200 but
 less than 400 + 20 mm.
 greater than 400 mm. + 25 mm.
c) Lateral spacing of bars + 30 mm.
d) Location of splices + 50 mm.
Bar supports shall be sufficient in number and strength to carry the reinforcement they support and
prevent displacement by workers or equipment before and during concreting.
13234 SPLICES:
Bars shall be spliced only where shown on the drawings or as authorized by the Engineer.
Adjacent sheets of wire fabric shall be lapped not less than one (1) mesh size plus 50 mm.
13235 COVER:
Supports, chairs and spacers in conformance with CRSI Manual of Standard Practice shall be
provided to ensure the specified cover.
Side form spacers shall be provided for both inner and outer layers of reinforcement in walls of
watertight structures.
13236 REINFORCEMENT NOT SHOWN ON DRAWINGS:
In beams without top steel, two (2) 10 M stirrup-support bars shall be provided.
Grade slabs and side walls shall be reinforced with WMF 152 mm. x 152 mm. x MW 18.7 x MW
18.7, unless otherwise shown on the drawings.
Horizontal corner bars at wall inter s and corners shall be provided at the same spacing as the
horizontal steel in a manner which renders the reinforcement continuous.
Across each corner on every opening (including sleeves) in floors, two (2) 15M bars shall be
provided, one (1) in the top and one (1) in the bottom of the slab. Bars shall extend 40 bar diameters
beyond the opening. Every circular opening shall be considered as a square opening with its side
equal to the hole diameter. In slabs with welded wire fabric as the principal reinforcement, 10M
deformed bars shall be used.
Around heads, sills, and jambs of wall openings, two (2) 15M bars shall extend 40 bar diameters
beyond the edge of each opening unless otherwise shown on the drawings.
Additional bars required for the proper support of reinforcement shall be provided and placed by the
Contractor.
Payment for the work of this will be in the unit price indicated in the tender form unless and
otherwise stated in the BOQ to be included in concrete price.
This shall include the supply of all materials, fabrication shop drawings, placing and all work
incidentals thereto.
Payment for the work of this will be made at the unit prices per kilogram for reinforcing shown in
acing, and all work incidentals thereto. The weight of the reinforcing will be based on size and
lengths shown on the drawings or as approved by the Engineer. No allowance will be made for
spacers, chairs or additional reinforcing placed at the Contractors request.
13300 CONCRETE
13310 GENERAL
13311 SCOPE:
This specification refers to concrete.
Design, Mixing, placing, finishing, and curing of concrete shall conform to the following codes and
standards, unless otherwise specifies or shown on the drawings:
a) EBCS 2 Structural Use of Concrete

b) ES C.D3.201 - Normal Concrete Aggregates
c) ES C.D5.201 - Portland Cement General Requirements
d) ES C.D8.490 - Portland cement Methods of Sampling and Testing
e) BS 812 - Testing
f) BS 882 - Specification for aggregates from Natural Sources for Concrete
g) BS 1881 - Methods of Testing Concrete
h) BS 3148 - Test for Water for Making Concrete
i) BS 4027 - Sulphate Resisting Portland Cement
j) BS 4408 - Recommendations for Non-Destructive Methods of Tests for Concrete
k) BS 4550 - Methods for Testing Cement
l) BS 5337 - The Structural Use of Concrete for Containing Aqueous Liquids
m) BS 5075 - Concrete Admixtures
n) BS 8010 - Structural use of Concrete
o) ASTM C33 Standard Specifications for Concrete Aggregates
The codes and standards shall take precedence and govern in the order shown unless otherwise
specified. Portions of the above codes and standards are repeated in this document for emphasis
only, and do not detract from other provisions of the codes and standards.
13313 EXAMINATION:
which might affect concrete work.
13314 CONCRETE MIX DESIGN:
A concrete mix design for each concrete strength classification shall be submitted to the Engineer
prior to placing concrete. Concrete mixed shall be designed by an approved laboratory in the employ
of the Contractor.
Mix proportions shall produce a mixture which will work readily into corners and angles of forms
and around reinforcement. Mix proportions shall not permit segregation and shall not cause
excessive water to collect on the surface.
13315 TRIAL MIXES:
Trial mixes for each class of concrete shall be prepared and tested for slump, strength, workability
and the result submitted to the Engineer for review prior to construction.
13316 NOTICE TO ENGINEER:
The Contractor shall provide notice to the Engineer at least 24 hours prior to placing concrete.
Reinforcing steel shall be in place a minimum of 12 hours prior to placing concrete.
13320 MATERIALS
13321 MATERIALS TESTING:
Materials testing shall be carried out by the Contractor in an approved laboratory staffed by qualified
personnel.
Test results of concrete shall be forwarded directly to the Engineer from the testing laboratory within
24 hours of each compression test.
13322 SAMPLING AND TESTING OF AGGREGATE:
Sampling and testing of aggregate prior to the development of aggregate sources shall be in
accordance with the following:
a. Aggregate samples shall be taken in conformance with C.D3.201.

b. A minimum of one (1) petrographic analysis for each source of supply shall be made in
conformance with BS 812: Part I.
c. A minimum of one (1) test for the sulphate (SO3) content of the aggregate for each source of
supply shall be made in conformance with BS 074. The total of the sulphate content of the
concrete mix shall not exceed 4% by mass of the cement.
d. A minimum of one (1) test for chlorides content of the aggregate for each source of supply
shall be made in conformance with BS 812: Part 4. The total chloride ion content shall not
exceed the limit specified in BS 882, Table 8, and BS 5337.
e. A minimum of one (1) sieve analysis of the fine and coarse aggregate for each source of
supply shall be made in conformance with ES C.D3.201. The gradation shall comply with
ES C.D3.201.
f. A minimum of one (1) test for shall content for each source of supply shall be made in
conformance with BS 812: Part 106. The results shall comply with BS 882 and BS 5337.
g. A minimum of one (1) test for the 10% fines value for each source of supply shall be made
in conformance with BS 812: Part 3. The results shall comply with BS 882: Table 3.
h. A minimum of one (1) test for alkali-aggregate reaction for each source of supply shall be
made in conformance with ASTM C289 for siliceous aggregates and ASTM C586 for
carbonate aggregates.
i. A minimum of one (1) test or absorption for each source of supply shall be made in
conformance with BS 812. The result shall be less than 3%.
13323 SAMPLING AND TESTING OF CONCRETE:
Concrete samples shall be taken in conformance with BS 1881. Testing of concrete shall be
performed in accordance with the following.
a. Slump:
Slump tests shall be made in conformance with B 1881: Part 1. At least one (1) slump test shall be
made for each strength test.
b. Temperature:
Temperature measurement shall be made for each strength test in accordance with BS 5328.
c. Strength:
Strength shall be determined from compression tests performed in conformance with BS 1881.
One (1) strength test shall consist of three (3) 150 mm. X 150 mm. cubes; one (1) tested at seven (7)
days, two (2) tested at 28 days.
At least one (1) strength test shall be made from each 50 m 3 of concrete placed, with a minimum of
one (1) test for each pour of a specified concrete strength placed each day.
The average of all 28-day strength tests shall exceed the specified strength. When three (3) or more
tests of the same class of concrete are available, the average of any three (3) consecutive tests shall
be equal to, or greater than, the specified strength. No strength test shall fall below 85% of the
specified strength.
13324 FAILURE TO MEET TEST REQUIREMENTS:
Should materials fail to meet the specifications, the Contractor shall take such remedial measures as
13325 CEMENT:
Cement shall conform to ES C.D5.201 (Type 0), unless noted otherwise (ordinary hardening).
Cement shall be sulphate-resistant Portland cement complying with BS 4027 for the water treatment
plant clarifiers and filters.
13326 AGGREGATE:
Aggregates shall be obtained from a source approved by the Engineer. Aggregates from marine
source shall not be used. All-in aggregates shall not be used.
(2) Fine aggregate shall be clean, hard and durable crushed rock, complying with BS 882, except that
the NOTE in Table 4 of BS 882 shall not apply. Natural sand shall not be used unless with the prior
agreement of the Engineer.
Coarse and fine aggregate shall consist of crushed stone, gravel, or natural sand in conformance with
ES C.D3.201. Coarse aggregate shall be clean, hard, durable crushed rock complying with BS 882
and free of shell. The ten percent fines values shall be at least 100 kN. The water absorption shall not
exceed 0.8%. The flakiness index shall not exceed 30%. The elongation index shall not exceed 35%.
The Los Angeles Value shall not exceed 30% loss. The magnesium sulphate soundness weighted
average loss shall not exceed 6%. Recycled aggregates may be used subject to the prior agreement of
the Engineer.
The maximum size of aggregate shall not exceed the following limits:
1. 40 mm for base slabs, walls, and columns greater than 300 mm. thick
2. 10 mm for topping and patching
3. 20 mm for other concrete work
Fine aggregate shall have a minimum fineness modulus of 2.5 and shall have from 10% to 20% of
particles passing a 315 micron sieve.
13327 MIXING AND CURING WATER:
Non-saline water from other sources may be used subject to the Engineer’s approval, provided that it
can be demonstrated that the water is neutral in PH value, free from suspended solids and liquid
contaminants non-miscible with water and that when tested according to the procedures given in BS
3148, it had no significant effect on the setting time or strength of concrete
BS 3148: 1990 Methods of test for water for making concrete (including notes on the suitability of
the water)
13328 ADMIXTURES:
Admixtures other than as specified below shall not be added except with written authorization from
the Engineer:
1. Water-reducing admixture shall conform to BS5075: Part 1 (EN 934-2).
2. Retarding admixtures shall conform to BS 5075: Part 1 (EN 934-2)..
3. Super-plasticizer admixture shall conform to BS 5075: Part 3. (EN 934-2).
All admixtures shall be non- chloride.
13329 CONCRETE:
______________________________________________________
Maximum
Maximum Compressive Water- Minimum
Size of Strength at Cement Cement Content
Class Aggregate 28: days Ratio
________________________________________________________ Slump
C5 20 mm. 5 MPa - - 75+25
C10 20 mm. 10 MPa - - 75+25
3
C20 40* 20 MPa 250kg/m 75+25
3
C25 40* 25 MPa 0.5 300kg/m 75+25
C30 40* 30 MPa 0.5 300kg/m3 75+25
________________________________________________________
* Maximum aggregate size is 20 mm. for element less than 200 m. thick.
Unless otherwise approved by the Engineer, the maximum cementitious content of designed mix
concrete for water retaining structures and water tight structures shall be 400 kg/m3 for concrete
containing PC and shall be 450 kg/m3 for concrete containing either PC and PFA or PFAC. The
minimum cementitious content of designed mix concrete for water retaining structures shall be 325
kg/m3 and maximum water/cement ratio shall be 0.5. Unless otherwise approved by the Engineer,
the maximum cementitious content of designed mix concrete other than for water retaining structures
and water tight structures shall be 550 kg/m3.
The average of the nine measured slump values shall be within +/- 20mm or +/- 25%, whichever is
the greater, of the designed slump value. The average of the nine measured flow values shall be
within +/- 50mm of the designed flow value.The range of the three measured slump values for each
batch of concrete shall not exceed 20% of the average of the three measured slump values for that
batch. For flow table tests, the range of the three measured flow values for each batch of concrete
shall be within 70mm.
13330 TEMPERATURE:
Unless otherwise permitted by the Engineer, the temperature of fresh concrete when placed in
position shall not exceed 30 ℃ for mixes of grade strength greater than 20 MPa. The Contractor shall
submit for approval details of the proposal to ensure that this temperature will not be exceeded.
13331 WATER-REDUCING ADMIXTURE:
Water-reducing admixture may be used in all concrete.
13332 CALCIUM CHLORIDE:
Calcium chloride shall not be added to concrete.
13333 RETARDING ADMIXTURE:
Retarding admixture may be added to concrete.
13334 SUPER-PLASTICIZER ADMIXTURE:
Super-plasticizer admixture if used shall be added immediately prior to the placing of concrete.
13335 CURING COMPOUNDS:
Curing compounds shall conform to ASTM C309 and shall be pigmented white and shall only be
used with the written authorization of the Engineer.
13336 VAPOUR BARRIER:
Vapour barrier shall be 150 micron polyethylene film or waterproof building paper of minimum 0.3
kg/m2.
13337 FILTER UNDERDRAIN PANELS AND SUPPORTS:

The filter underdrain shall be a Degremont Inc. D-20 nozzle underdrain system. The panels shall be
removable precast concrete with adapter (fixing rings) cast-in. The panels shall be designed to
support 1000 mm silica sand plus 150 mm coarse gravel. The panels and supports shall also be
designed to resist uplift during flushing due to a hydrostatic head of 9 meters. All support and panels
shall be supplied and installed under this concrete.
13340 WORKMANSHIP
13341 CONTRACTION JOINTS:
The Contraction joints between the various parts of the structures shall be of the keyed joint type or
plain butt joints as shown on the Drawings. Where required, the joints shall be provided with PVC
waterstops to prevent seepage, as specified in 13346. One face of each joint is to receive one coat of
bituminous primer and two coats of approved bituminous paint. These coats shall be applied when
the surfaces are dry and no further coat shall be applied until the former coat is dry.
The whole of the concrete face shall be painted, but special care shall be taken that no paint remains
on the waterstop.
Care shall be taken to ensure that the joint surfaces are truly vertical and plane, and to this end all
shuttering shall be rigidly supported.
13342 EXPANSION JOINTS:

Expansion joints where shown on the Drawings shall be constructed by placing a rubber water stop
between the parts to be joined and forming a gap by inserting a suitable pre-moulded joint filler. On
the exposed sides of the joint a groove shall be formed and filled with joint sealing compound.
The joint sealing compound shall be of the two-component, polysulphide based type, and of
approved make. It shall be suitable to withstand tropical climatic conditions without deteriorating.
The manufacturer's instructions as to preparation and cleaning of caulking grooves and mixing and
placing of joint sealer shall be strictly adhered to. Due regard shall be given before use of the sealing
compound that its shelf-life has not been exceeded.
Sealing compounds of suitable viscosity shall be used on horizontal and vertical surfaces
respectively.
13343 MOVEMENT JOINTS:
Movement joints shall be constructed and located as shown on the drawings.
13344 DAMP-PROOFING OF SLABS:
A polyethylene sheet or waterproof building paper shall be laid under interior slabs on grade. Sheets
shall be lapped a minimum of 150 mm and jointed with a waterproof sealant.
13345 WATERTIGHT CONSTRUCTION:
The following shall be constructed as watertight structures:
1. Reservoirs
2. Water treatment plant
3. Low-lift pumping station
All water tight structures shall be constructed on a lean concrete layer at least 50 mm thick.
Two layers of polythene sheet shall be laid between the lean concrete and the floor slab of any water
tight structure to prevent bondage and permit free construction of the water proof concrete slab.
Watertight joints shall be constructed as shown on the drawings, and as follows:
Surface of existing concrete shall be thoroughly roughened by chipping and wire meshing, or sand
blasting. Prior to placing the new concrete the existing concrete shall be cleaned, moistened and a
sand cement slurry of 1 part cement to 2 parts sand brushed on vertical joints or placed on horizontal
joints as shown on the drawings. New concrete shall be placed immediately.
13346 WATERSTOPS
Rubber waterstops or PVC waterstops shall be provided in the joints in concrete where shown on the
Drawings.
The Contractor shall submit with his Tender a detailed description of the waterstops he intends to
use, accompanied by a drawing showing the shape and size of the waterstop, the name of the
manufacturer, and the methods to be used for installing and splicing the waterstop, which shall be in
accordance with the requirements detailed below.
The Contractor shall also furnish all labour and materials for making field splices in all waterstops.
The Contractor shall take suitable precautions to support and protect the waterstops during the
progress of the work and shall repair or replace any damaged waterstop.
All waterstops shall be stored in as cool a place as practicable, preferably at 21 oC or less. Waterstops
exposed to the direct rays of the sun. All waterstops shall be protected from oil or grease.
a. Rubber Waterstops
The rubber waterstop shall be fabricated from a high-grade, tread-type compound. The basic polymer
shall be natural rubber or a synthetic rubber. The material shall be compounded and cured to have the
following physical characteristics:
Synthetic
Natural Rubber
Rubber
Tensile strength, pounds per square inch, minimum 3,500 3,000
Tensile strength at 300% modulus, pounds per 1,450 1,150
square inch, minimum
Elongation at break, percent, minimum 500 450
Shore durometer (type A) 60 to 70 60 to 70
Specific gravity 1.15 + 1.15 +
0.03 0.03
Absorption of water, by weight, percent maximum 5 5
(2 days at 70 OC
Compression set (constant deflection) percent of 30 30
original deflection, maximum
Tensile strength after oxygen pressure test (48 80 80
O
hours, 70 C, 300 pounds per square inch),
percent of tensile strength before aging,
minimum
Elongation after oxygen pressure test (48
hours, 70 OC, 300 pounds per square inch),
percent of
elongation before aging, minimum
b. PVC Waterstops
Plastic waterstop shall be fabricated from an elastomeric plastic compound, the basic resin of which
shall be polyvinyl-chloride (PVC). The compound shall contain any additional resins, plasticizers,
stabilizers, or other materials needed to insure that, when the material is compounded, it will have a
minimum tensile strength of 3,000 lbs/sq.m No reclaimed polyvinyl-chloride shall be used.
c. Test of Materials
All waterstops shall be subject to laboratory tests before shipment. Material for tests shall be
furnished by the manufacturer and all tests shall be made at the place of the manufacturer of the
waterstop by an agency approved by the Engineer.
d. Installation
The waterstop shall be installed with approximately one-half of the width of the material embedded
in the concrete on each side of the joint. Care shall be exercised in placing and vibrating the concrete
around the waterstop to ensure complete filling of the concrete forms under and ground the
waterstop, and to obtain a continuous bond between the concrete and the waterstop at all points
around the periphery of the waterstop. In the event that the waterstop is installed in the concrete on
one side of a joint more than one month prior to the scheduled date of placing the concrete on the
other side of the joint, the exposed waterstop shall be covered or shaded to protect it from the direct
rays of the sun during the exposure. Before placing the concrete on the other side of the joint the
projecting half of the waterstop shall be carefully cleaned.
The Contractor shall take suitable precautions to support and protect the waterstops during progress
of the work and shall replace at his own cost all damaged or deteriorated waterstops.
e. Splicing of Rubber Waterstops
All field splices shall be moulded splices. All moulded splices shall be made by vulcanizing the
splices in a steel mould, as follows: The adjoining ends at splices shall be bevelled at an angle of 45
deg., or flatter, by the use of a saw and meter box, so that the ends to be spliced will be pressed
together when the mould is closed. The bevelled ends and the sides for at least 6mm back from the
ends shall be buffed thoroughly to provide clean, rough surface. All buffer surfaces shall be given
two thin coats of rubber cement and each coat shall be permitted to dry thoroughly. A piece of gum
rubber cut to the same dimensions as the bevelled face shall then be applied to the end of one strip
after removing the cloth backing from the gum rubber. The adjoining strip shall then be placed
accurately in position, and all edges shall be stitched thoroughly together with a suitable hand
stitcher. The mould shall be heated to a temperature of 140 deg.C before the splice is placed in the
mould. The prepared splice shall be placed in the mould with the splice in the center of the mould,
and the mould shall be closed tightly to prevent slipping during the vulcanizing process. The splice
shall remain in the mould 25 minutes after the mould is closed completely, during which time the
mould shall be maintained at a temperature of 140 deg.C.
The Contractor shall furnish all materials for moulded splices, all field splicing moulds, and electrical
energy for heating the moulds.
Each finished splice shall withstand a bend test by bending the waterstop 180 deg. around a 50 mm
diameter pin without showing any separation at the splice.
f. Splicing of PVC Waterstops
All field splices on PVC waterstops shall be made with fusion-welded but splices made in
accordance with instructions furnished by the manufacturer of the waterstop. All splices will be
inspected for continuity of the fusion weld and for water-tightness, and each splice shall withstand a
bend test by bending the waterstop 180 deg. around a 50 mm diameter pin without showing any
separation at the splice.
13347 SLEEVES AND OPENINGS:
Pipes, castings, or conduits passing through walls or floors shall, wherever possible, be placed in
forms before pouring concrete. In special case, with the approval of the Engineer, boxes may be
built into forms to make from openings for subsequent insertion of such items.
Suitable transit sleeves amy be set in concrete for small piping (25-mm diameter or under) which
passes through walls or floors above the ground water table. Sleeves shall be set with reference to
their final location. Where it is not possible to presently locate small pipes and conducts, opening
shall be left in correct sufficient size to provide latitude for locating sleeves later. After in- of sleeves,
openings shall be grouted.
Openings shall be provided with continuous keyways throughout the perimeter of the opening and
shall be flared slightly to facilitate the escape of entrapped air during grouting.
Sleeves and openings in watertight structures shall be constructed as shown on the drawings.
13348 EMBEDDED ITEMS:
Gate frames, gate thimbles, special castings, channels, conduit, pipes, and other items that are to be
embedded in concrete shall be properly set, held, levelled, and aligned in forms.
Anchor bolts or other inserts necessary for installation of piping, valves, metal sash, structural steel,
miscellaneous metalwork, and equipment shall be accurately set, held, levelled, and aligned using
templates.
Suitable nailing blocks, plugs, strips, and other items necessary for attachment of architectural trim
and finish shall be placed such that there is no visible distortion or defacement of the complete
installation.
13349 HOT-WEATHER REQUIREMENTS:
Procedures used for the protection of concrete and concreting operations during hot weather shall
conform to the requirements specified in BS 8010: Part 1 and ACI 305.
13350 PRODUCTION OF CONCRETE:
Production of concrete shall conform to BS 5328.
13351 PLACING:
Conveying and placing of concrete shall conform to BS 8010: Part 1.
13352 CONSOLIDATION:
Concrete shall be consolidated using internal vibration in accordance with ACI 309, Recommended
Practice for Consolidation of Concrete.
13353 SCREEDING:
Cement mortar for screed shall consist of 1 part by volume of Portland Cement to 3 parts by
volume of fine aggregate, unless otherwise specified, with a plasticising agent and just sufficient
water to make the mortar workable, consistent with its purpose.
Suitable wood or metal screed strips shall be placed and aligned to the contours of the slab. The slab
shall be screeded with compacting type screeds or strike-off templates moved in sawing motion on
screed strips.
13354 SLAB AND FLOOR FINISHING:
Slab and floor surfaces shall receive the finish specified below:
a. Floated Finish:
After concrete has been placed, screeded, compacted, and leveled, it shall not be worked further until
ready for floating. Floating shall begin when the water sheen has disappeared, or when the mix has
stiffened sufficiently to permit the proper operation of a power-driven float.
The surface shall then be compacted with power-driven floats. Hand-floating with wood- or cork-
faced floats shall be used in locations inaccessible to the power-driven machine. Trueness of surface
shall be rechecked at this stage with a 3-m straightedge applied at not less than two (2) different
angles. High posts shall be cut down and low spots filled during this procedure. The slab shall then
be refloated immediately to a uniform, smooth, granular texture.
Finish tolerances for a floated finish shall be turn planes within 10 mm in 3 mm as determined by a
3-m straightedge placed anywhere on the slab in any direction.
b. Scratched Finish:
Scratched finish shall be used for surfaces to receive bonded cement topping.
After concrete has been float finished, and before final set, the surface shall be roughened with stiff
brushes or rakes to produce a scratched finish.
c. Trowelled Finish:
Trowelled finish shall be used for slabs, except where surfaces are intended to receive roofing and
waterproofing membrane.
After float finishing as specified above, the surface shall receive further finishing, first with a power
trowel, and finally with hand trowels. The first trowelling after power floating shall be with a power
trowel and shall produce a smooth surface which is relatively free from defects but which may still
contain some trowel marks. Additional trowelling shall be by hand after the surface has hardened
sufficiently. The final trowelling shall be made when a ringing sound is produced as the trowel is
moved over the surface. The surface shall be thoroughly completed by hand-rowelling operations.
Finish tolerances for a trowelled finish shall be true planes within 5 mm in 3 m as determined by a 3
m straightedge placed anywhere on the slab in any direction. The surface shall be free of trowel
marks and uniform in texture and appearance. Defects of sufficient magnitude to show through the
floor covering shall be removed by griding.
d. Broom Finish:
Broom finish shall be used for side walks, exterior stairs and courtyards.
After floated finish, surfaces shall be slightly roughened by a light broom finishing with a stiff brush
or broom to a nonskid surface to the satisfaction of the Engineer.
e. Edging:
Exposed top edges of side walks and stairs shall be edge with a suitable edging tool to the
satisfaction of the Engineer.
13355 PROTECTION:
Freshly-placed concrete shall be protected from defacement due to weather and construction
operations with tarpaulins and adequate hoarding.
13356 CURING:
Moist curing is accomplished by maintaining the surface of concrete continuously moist and can be
attained by continuous light sprinkling, a wet absorptive cover such as sand, sawdust or fabric kept
moist by sprinkling, or by sealing the surface with a waterproof barrier, adequately lapped and sealed
with waterproof tape.
Moist curing shall commence immediately following the final set and shall continue uninterrupted
for the specified moist-curing period.
Normal Portland cement concrete of sulphate-resisting cement concrete shall be moist-cured for at
lease even (7) days.
High early-strength Portland cement concrete shall be moist cured for at least four (4) days.
Watertight structures, regardless of cement classification, shall be moist cured seven (7) days
Curing compounds shall not be used except with written authorization by the Engineer. Curing
compounds shall not be used on surfaces which are to receive concrete hardener, floor toppings,
bonded floor coverings such a paint or tile, or waterproofing.
13357 FINISHING:
All surfaces, except slabs and floors, shall receive a Class A common finish unless otherwise
specified. Slabs and floors shall be finished as specified elsewhere herein.
13358 CLASS A COMMON FINISH
Immediately after removal of forms, ties shall be cut back 40 mm from the concrete face. Fins and
protrusions exceeding 6 mm shall be rubbed down or ground off. Honeycombed and other defective
concrete shall be removed down to sound concrete.
Surface defects which do not affect the strength or water tightness of the structure shall be patched
with a mortar of cement and fine aggregate mixed in the same proportions as the concrete being
finished. Prior to placing mortar, areas to be patched and an area at least 150 mm wide surrounding
it shall be saturated with water and an approved bonding agent applied. Mortar shall be thoroughly
compacted and struck off to leave the patch slightly higher than the surrounding surface. It shall be
left undisturbed for at least one (1) hour before further finishing, if required.
Honeycombed, defective areas and cracks which affect the strength or water-tightness of the
structure shall be repaired by a procedure approved by the Engineer.
Repairs on surfaces exposed to view shall be color matched to the surrounding concrete.
Tie holes in watertight structures shall be filled with a mixture of "Vandex Primix" as manufactured
by Vandex or as approved, applied in accordance with manufacturer's instructions.
Patched areas shall be continuously moist cured for three (3) days.
13359 CLASS B RUBBED FINISH:
Surfaces which are to be painted or exposed to view shall receive a Class B rubbed finish.
After Class A common finish is completed, the concrete surface shall be wetted. A mortar consisting
of one (1) part cement and two (2) parts sand (100% passing a 1.18-mm sieve) by volume and mixed
with water to a consistency similar to tick cream shall be rubbed over the surface with clean burlap or
a sponge rubber float until surface pits are filled. While the mortar in the pits is still plastic, the
surface shall be rubbed with a cement-sand mix of the same proportions as the mortar to remove
excess plastic, materials and to force dry materials into the pits to stiffen and solidify the mortar so
that fillings will be flush with the surface. Dry rubbing shall be continued until all mortar has been
removed from the surface. The surface shall be maintained continuously moist for at least 72 hours.
13360 HYDROSTATIC TESTING
Hydrostatic testing shall be carried out for all reservoirs, clarifiers, filters, clear well, backwash tank,
batching tanks in chemical feed building, parshall flume, retention chamber and vacuum chambers.
After developing the design strength, and prior to back-filling, water structures shall be tested for
leakage by hydrostatic testing. Structures shall be filled to the maximum operating water level and
maintained for three (3) days. The water level shall then be brought back to maximum operating
water level. The test will then being at this time and continue for five (5) days. Calculations of
leakage shall be made by the Contractor, subject to approved by the Engineer. Leakage shall be
calculated as the gross water loss with due allowance for evaporation losses and changes in volume
due to temperature.
A structure will be deemed watertight provided no persistent damp areas are present on exterior
surfaces, no visible leakage is apparent, and the leakage does not exceed three (3) mm in five (5)
days. Leaks shall be repaired to the satisfaction of the Engineer and the test repeated. The Contractor
shall provide all water required for hydrostatic tests.
Disinfection shall be carried out in accordance with AWWA D105, Chlorination Method 2. Prior to
disinfection, the interior surface of the reservoir shall be hosed clean. A solution of 200 mg/L
available chlorine shall be applied directly to service of all parts of the reservoir. The chlorine
solution may be applied with suitable brushes or spray equipment. The solution shall thoroughly
coat all surfaces, including the inlet and outlet piping, and shall be applied to any drain to any drain
piping such that it will have available chlorine of not less than 10 mg/L when filled.
The surfaces disinfected shall remain in contact with the strong solution for at least 30 minutes, after
which potable water shall be admitted, the drain purged, and the reservoir shall then be filled to
overflow. Subject to satisfactory bacteriological testing and acceptable aesthetic quality, such water
may be used in the system.
13371 Payment for reinforced concrete work will be made at the unit prices shown in the Tender
Form. Payment shall include concrete, testing, production, placing, finishing, curing,
stripping, vapor barrier and all work incidental thereto.
13372 Payment for waterstops will be made at the unit price shown in the Tender Form. Payment
shall include supply and installation.
13373 Payment for polythene sheets will be made at the unit price shown in the Tender Form. The
price includes supply and installation.
13374 Payment for water testing and disinfection will be made at the lump sum price shown in the
Tender Form. Payment shall include water, chemicals, monitoring, repairs and retests as
required.
13375 Payment for mass concrete work will be made at the unit price per cubic meter shown in the
Tender Form. This shall include, concrete, testing, production, placing, finishing, curing,
stripping, vapour barrier, and all work incidental thereto.
13400 MASONRY
13410 GENERAL
13411 SCOPE
This specification refers to masonry construction, including stone, brick, and concrete block.
13412 CODES AND STANDARDS
Design, manufacturing, placing, grouting, and protection of masonry shall conform to the following
codes and standards, unless otherwise specified or shown on the drawings:
1. ES C.D3.301 - Hollow Concrete Blocks and Beam Tiles

2. ES C.04.01 - Solid Clay Bricks
3. BS 5628 - Code of practice for use of Masonry.
4. BS 5224 - Specification for Masonry Cement.
13413 EXAMINATION
Architectural, structural, mechanical, and electrical drawings and specifications shall be examined
for work which might affect masonry work.
13414 SAMPLES
Two (2) samples of each type of masonry unit specified shall be submitted to the Engineer for
approval a minimum of four (4) weeks prior to construction.
13415 JOB MOCK-UP

A job mock-up panel of exposed exterior masonry wall construction 1200 mm x 1200 mm showing
masonry jointing, coursing, mortar, reinforcing, grout and workmanship shall be constructed prior to
commencement of masonry work. The approved mock-up will become the standard of acceptance
for all further work.
13416 NOTICES TO THE ENGINEER
The Contractor shall provide notice to the Engineer at least 24 hours prior to placing grout.
13417 MATERIALS TESTING
Materials testing laboratory shall be retained by the Contractor to conduct test on masonry materials
and workmanship.
Prior to ordering materials, the Contractor shall submit test reports to the Engineer for approval
providing satisfactory evidence that the masonry units conform to the specification.
13418 CONCRETE BLOCK FIELD CONTROL TESTS
Three (3) concrete blocks shall be tested for strength for each 100 m3 of wall, with a minimum of
three (3) tests for each building.
Units shall be selected and tested in accordance with BS 6073.
13419 MORTAR FIELD CONTROL TESTS
Three (3) 50 mm mortar cube specimens shall be made for each 100 m3 of wall, with a minimum
three (3) tests for each building.
Mortar shall be taken at random from mortar boards in use during construction of masonry to be
tested. Compression tests shall be conducted in accordance with ASTM C39.
The average of any three (3) 28-day compressive tests shall exceed 5.0 MPa for mortar cubes with no
individual test result being less than 4.0 MPa.
13420 MASONRY GROUT FIELD CONTROL TESTS
For reinforced masonry grout, three (3) specimens shall be taken each day grouting is performed or
whenever the mix is changed. Masonry units used in construction shall be laid on a none absorptive
base creating a 75 mm x 75 mm x 150 mm space. The space shall be lined with porous paper and
filled with grout representative of that used in construction. Grout shall be placed in two (2) layers
and each layer puddled by a 25 mm x 50 mm cross al stick to remove air bubbles. The top of the
cube shall be struck off level, covered, and kept damp for 48 hours. The specimens shall then be
taken to a laboratory for testing.
Compression tests shall be conducted in accordance with ASTM C39. One (1) compressive test shall
be conducted at seven (7) days and two (2) at 28 days.
The average of 28-day results shall not average less than as specified for masonry grout with no
individual result less than 85% of that specified.
13430 MATERIALS
13431 CONCRETE BLOCK
Hollow, load-bearing, concrete block conform to ES C.D3.301, Class A, with a minimum

compressive strength of 4.2 MPa based on the gross area of the .
Concrete block masonry units shall have nominal dimensions of 200 mm x 200 mm x 400 mm.
Concrete blocks shall be plain faced or as shown on the drawings.
Masonry units shall be uniform in color, texture, and free of cracks or chips larger than 3 mm. Units
shall be free of surface stains or adhering foreign material. Units shall be packaged and covered such
as to prevent damages during shipment or taking on additional moisture.
Purpose-made shapes shall be provided for lintels, bond beams, jambs, corners.
13431 FACING BRICK
Bricks for external faces shall conform to ES C.D4.01 from an approved source. They shall be
thoroughly burnt, sound, true to shape, uniform in size and free from flaws and foreign matter.
Bricks for internal faces shall be good quality from an approved source.
Color and texture shall be selected by the Engineer prior to construction.
13432 STONE FOR FOUNDATION
The stone used for foundations is to be hard basaltic stone in large pieces free of cracks, or veins of
soft matter. A minimum of three through stones (spanning from face to faces of the wall) per square
meter of walling shall be provided.
13433 STONE FOR EXTERNAL WALLS
The stone used for external walls shall be hard sound stone of approved color and source. A
minimum of three through stones (spanning from face to face of the wall) per square meter walling
shall be provided.
Stonework for exposed external walling shall be cut, dressed, coursed, and bonded to the approval of
the Engineer.
13434 CEMENT
Portland cement used in mortar shall be standard grey complying with BS 4027.
Masonry cement used in mortar shall conform to BS 5224.
13435 LIME
Lime shall be hydrated lime conforming to BS 890.
13436 MORTAR AGGREGATE
Aggregate for mortar shall be fine granular material composed of hard, durable, angular mineral
particles conforming to BS 1200.
13437 GROUT AGGREGATE
Aggregates for masonry grout shall conform to ASTM C404 and shall consist of none coated grains
of sound, hard, durable mineral particles all passing a 12.5 mm sieve and be free or organic
impurities.
Grout aggregates shall conform to the following gradation limits when tested in accordance with
ASTM C136.
________________________________________________________
Standard Sieve Coarse Aggregate Fine Aggregate
Size(millimeters) (Percent by weight (Percent by weight
Passing) Passing)
_______________________________________________________
12.5 100 -
9.5 85 - 100 100

4.75 10 - 30 95 - 100
2.36 0 - 10 80 - 100
1.18 0-5 50 - 85
0.60 - 25 - 60
0.30 - 10 - 30
0.15 - 2 - 10
0.075 - -
________________________________________________________
13438 MORTAR ADMIXTURE
Mortar admixture shall be used only with the Engineer's written approval.
13439 MORTAR
Mortar for concrete block shall be in accordance with BS 5628. Cement, lime, and sand shall be
proportioned by volume in a 1:1:5 mix. Minimum cube strength shall be 5 MPa at 28 days.
13440 MASONRY GROUT

Masonry grout shall conform to ASTM C476. Cement, fine aggregate, and coarse aggregate shall be
proportioned by volume in a 1:2 1/4-3:1-2 mix. The minimum cube strength shall be 15 MPa at 28
days.
13441 CONCRETE LINTELS AND TIE BEAMS
Concrete lintels and tie beams shall be C20 concrete as specified under a entitled, "Concrete".
13442 WALL TIES
Wall ties for cavity walls and typing masonry to concrete structural frames shall be galvanized steel
with a minimum thickness of 4.8 mm.
13450 WORKMANSHIP
13451 HANDLING, STORAGE, AND PROTECTION
Masonry units shall be handled and stored in such a manner as to prevent damage both before and
during installation. The Contractor shall ensure that materials are delivered to the job site in dry
condition. Except where wetting of brick is specified, materials shall be kept dry until use. Units
shall be stacked on pallets to protect them from soil contamination and shall be covered to protect
them from the elements.
Cement materials shall be supplied and stored in a suitable manner to protect them from moisture
and the elements.
Bagged materials shall be supplied in weather-resistant sacks, stored on pallets, and covered.
Aggregates for masonry mortar shall be handled and stored in a manner preventing segregation and
contamination.
Reinforcement shall be stored and suitably protected from damage or coating of foreign materials.
13452 MIXING MORTAR

Mortar shall be proportioned by volume and mixed in a mechanical, rotary mixture operated in
accordance with the manufacturer's recommendations. Mortar shall not be hand-mixed unless
Mortar shall be thoroughly mixed for a minimum of five (5) minutes to bring the mixture to proper
consistency and workability.
Mortar shall be remixed at maximum intervals of one (1) hour. To maintain required consistency,
water may be added in a basin formed in the mortar and the mortar reworked into the water without
loss of any water. The mortar shall be discarded after two (2) hours from the original mixing time.
13453 MIXING MASONRY GROUT
Masonry grout shall be of the proper consistency to pour without segregation but fluid enough to fill
the entire void. Grout shall be discarded 1-1/2 hours after mixing.
13454 LAYING UP
Laitance, loose aggregate, and anything that will prevent the mortar from bonding to the foundation
shall be removed. Any deviation of foundation from level or line greater than +12 mm shall be made
good before laying foundation course.
Concrete block shall not be wetted prior to laying.
All bricks shall be well wetted with fresh water before being laid.
No four courses of brick (including three joints) shall gauge in height more than 250 mm in addition
to the combined height of the bricks laid dry.
Accurately spaced courses shall be laid plumb, true to line, level, and in bond pattern, as detailed on
the drawings or as directed by the Engineer. Corners, expansion joints, header joints, and other
vertical edges shall be kept plumb throughout.
A full mortar bed shall be used for the first course of the unit masonry, except mortar shall be omitted
in cores to be grouted. Subsequent joints of grouted cores shall be mortared all around to retain
grout.
Bed and head (vertical) joints shall be evenly and solidly filled with mortar for thickness of the face
shells. Slashing of mortar into joints will not be permitted.
The units shall be set in soft plastic mortar. Mortar which is spread too far ahead and becomes stiff
shall be discarded or reworked with fresh mortar. Excess mortar extruding from joints shall be struck
off clearly with a trowel and reworked with fresh mortar. Mortar that has fallen from the masonry
must be discarded. Mortar smears or drippings adhering to wall surfaces shall be avoided and non
removed until dry.
Where fresh masonry abuts partially or fully set masonry, the abutting surface shall be cleaned.
Tooting of intersecting walls will not be permitted. Where a stop-off is necessary in a horizontal run,
the masonry shall be racked back 1/2 unit.
Care shall be taken to ensure no mortar is dropped into the air space cavity.
Concrete blocks shall be laid in running bond, with exposed joints, raked with a long, sled-type tool
to fully compress the joint to a slight concave surface. Surface to be plastered shall have joints raked
flush. Surfaces should be used to ensure even and uniform jointing.
13455 CORNERS AND INTERS
Corners shall be tied together in a masonry bond with half the units of one (1) wall overlapping with
the units in the other wall.
13456 CONCRETE LINTELS
Concrete lintels shall bear a minimum of 200 mm on grout filled concrete block at each end. Lintels
shall be showered for a minimum of seven (7) days.
13457 DAMP-PROOF COURSES
Bituminous sheet damp-proof courses shall conform to an approved standard and shall be laid on a
level bed of cement mortar with a minimum lap of 75 mm at angles and joints and neatly pointed in
matching mortar on exposed edged. Horizontal and slop damp-proof coursing over door openings
shall be in single pieces of material of a length to extended 225 mm at both sided beyond the width
of frame.
13458 BAR REINFORCEMENT
Bar reinforcement shall be placed as shown on the drawings. Bar reinforcement shall be accurately
placed and fixed rigidly in position during concreting. The clear distance between parallel bars shall
be at least the diameter of the larger bar.
The thickness of grout between bar reinforcement and masonry units shall not be less than 20mm.
Splices in bar reinforcement shall be at least 40 diameters of the larger bar and splices shall be
staggered where more than one (1) bar is used.
Reinforcement in tie-beams shall be continuous around the corners of walls, and at T-junctions.
13459 SPECIAL SHAPES
In placing unit masonry, proper special shapes, such as stretchers, corner units, lintel unit, and jamb
units shall be used. Cutting of units by saw or chipping hammer shall be done only if approved by
the Engineer.
13460 CUTTING AND FITTING
Metal frames for mounting doors, windows, fans, louvers, and other items shall be set prior to laying
masonry. Anchors shall be built into masonry as shown on the drawings.
Voids between frames and unit masonry shall be backed full with mortar as work progresses. Joints
between frames and masonry exposed to water shall be caulked after cleanup.
Materials specified in other s shall be built into masonry, bedded, and secured as required. Such
items shall include flashings, lintels, sleeves and thimbles, tie-down anchors, and miscellaneous
metalwork.
Masonry units shall be accurately cut to fit around pipes, ducts, openings and other items, and voids
shall be grouted. Cuttings shall be done by skilled tradesmen using masonry saws.
Nonferrous metal, sensitive to chemical reactions with cementitious substances, shall be suitably
protected prior to installation.
Chipped or broken masonry units shall not be used in any exposed wall.
13461 WALL TIES
Wall ties for anchoring masonry to concrete columns shall be placed at maximum 600 o.c. Wall ties
tying double walls shall be spaced evenly with a minimum of four ties per square meter.
Cases requiring patching shall not be permitted.
13462 GROUTING VERTICAL VOIDS
Clean-out openings shall be provided at the bottoms of voids to be filled at each left or pour where
such left or pour exceeds 1200 mm in height. Any overhanging mortar or other obstruction or debris
shall be removed from the inside of such voids. After inspection by the Engineer, the clean-out
openings shall be sealed before grouting.
Vertical voids shall be filled with grout in lifts not exceeding 2400 mm in height, except that, where
the total grout pour exceeds 2400 mm the grout shall be placed lifts not exceeding 1200 mm in
height.
Grout shall be consolidated at the time of pouring by vibrating during pouring and again after excess
moisture has been absorbed, and while the grout is still plastic. Grout shall be used within 1-1/2
hours of initial mixing but before it has begun to set.
When the grouting is stopped for more than one (1) hour, the pour of grout shall be stopped 38 mm
below the top of the top unit.
13463 WEEP HOLES
Weep holes shall be in masonry above all masonry flashings and at the bottom block in exposed
masonry at 600 mm oc horizontally.
13464 REPAIRING
Damage to block walls shall be repaired so that the repaired masonry shall be equal in strength and
appearance to the undamaged masonry.
13465 POINTING
Brick or hollow block walls to be pointed shall have the joints raked out to depths of 25 mm and
pointed in cement mortar composed of 1 part of cement and 1/2 part of lime and 3 parts of sand by
volume. Mortar is to be properly ironed to level clean, sharp, watertight joints to the approved of the
Engineer and all pointing is to be kept wet for a period of seven days or as directed by the Engineer.
13466 CLEANING
Masonry shall be left clean and free from mortar spots and droppings at the end of each day's work.
Masonry walls which are to be exposed or painted shall be dry brush with fibre brushes at the end of
each day's work and after tooling of the joints. Large particles of mortar shall be scraped off with
wooden paddles or similar tools.
On completion of the work, masonry shall be thoroughly cleaned by scrubbing and brushing with
fibre brushes.
Solutions shall not be used for washing masonry without the Engineer's written approval.
Scrubbing of masonry shall start at the bottom and continue to the top. The masonry shall then be
washed with clean water top. The masonry shall then be washed with clean water from top to
bottom.
13467 HOT WEATHER REQUIREMENTS
Freshly laid masonry shall be protected from drying too rapidly by means of waterproof, nonstaining
coverings.
13468 PROTECTION
Freshly laid masonry shall be protected from moisture until the mortar is set. The Contractor shall
protect masonry with a waterproof covering at night and at other times when it is liable to injury.
13500 METAL FABRICATIONS
13510 GENERAL
13511 SCOPE
Unless otherwise specified or shown the drawings, miscellaneous metalwork made from steel and
welding shall conform to the following standards:
1. BS 4870 - Approval Testing of Welding Producers.

2. BS 4360 - Specifications for Weldable Structural Steel.
3. BS 5135 - Metal-Arc Welding of Carbon and Carbon Manganese Steel.
4. BS 729 - Hot-dipped galvanized coating on iron and steel articles.
13513 ERECTION DIAGRAMS AND SHOP DRAWINGS
Erection diagrams and shop drawings for fabricated items shall be submitted to the Engineer for
approval in accordance with , 0070. Fabrication shall not proceed until such approval is received
from the Engineer.
13514 INSPECTION AND TESTING

Materials and workmanship shall be subject to inspection at any time. Access shall be provided to all
places where work is being done or materials is stockpiled prior to shipment.
Copies of Certified Mill Test Reports properly correlated to the materials shall be submitted to the
Engineer.
An independent testing laboratory shall be retained by the Contractor to inspect and test fabrication,
welding, and galvanizing when so ordered by the Engineer.
Welds shall be visually examined. The minimum thickness and adherence of the galvanizing within
the project shall be tested. There shall be a minimum of three (3) tests for the galvanized items.
13520 MATERIALS
13521 STEEL
Steel shall conform to BS 4360-1979, Grade 43C, as a minimum standard unless otherwise specified
or show on the drawings.
Bolts and nuts shall conform to BS 4190 unless specified or shown on the drawings.
Steel handrail pipe shall be 48 mm od by 3.5 mm wall thickness and shall conform to BS 3601-1962
unless otherwise specifies on the drawings.
13522 NONFERROUS METALS
Nonferrous metals shall be as shown on the drawings.
13523 WELDING ELECTRODES
Welding electrodes for use with steel shall be suitable for, and compatible with the yield strength of
the steel being welded and shall conform to BS 639-1976.
13524 INSERTS
Inserts shall be malleable threaded inserts.
13525 DRILLED ANCHORS
Drilled anchors shall be "Hilti Kwik-Bolts", as manufactured by Hilti, or as approved. Anchors for
use below grade, submerged, moist or corrosive environments, shall be stainless steel.
13526 RESIN ANCHORS
Resin anchors shall be "Hilti Adhesive Anchors" as manufactured by Hilti or as approved. Anchors
for se in areas that are moist, corrosive or submerged, shall be stainless steel.
15327 CHEQUER PLATE

Steel chequer plate shall be raised diamond pattern and shall be designed to carry a live load of 600
kg/m2. The chequer plate shall be so stiffened or to sufficient thickness that deflection under design
load does not exceed 1/240 of the span.
13528 HEADED STUD
Headed stud shall comply with ASTM A08.
13529 GRATING
Grating shall have bearing bars at 30 mm centers and cross bars at 100 mm center. Depth and
thickness of bearings bars shall be designed for a live load of 600 kg/m 2 and shall be limited in
deflection to 1/240 of the span. Where two or more units of grating are installed together, the pattern
of their bearings bars and cross bars shall be matched.
13530 EMBEDDED METAL ANCHORS
Embedded metal anchors shall be Nelson H studs, or as approved. The size, length, and spacing
shall be as shown on the drawings.
13531 HANDRAIL AND ANCHORAGE
Handrail and anchors shall be constructed as shown on the Standard Drawings. Fixed handrails
shall have expansion joints spaced at a maximum of 12.0 m on center.
Chains for openings in handrails shall be fabricated from 4 mm diameter steel links. The chain
shall be inserted in a red colored, flexible, durable plastic sleeve.
13532 ANCHOR BOLTS
Anchor bolts not supplied by the structural steel fabricator or equipment suppliers shall be BS 4504
and BS 4190 sized for full dead and live load.
13533 ACCESS HATCHES
Access hatches shall be hinged, weather tight, insect proof, locking and easily operable by one
man. Roof hatches shall be designed for a uniform load of 200 kg/m2 or a point load of 200 kg.
Floor hatches in non-traffic areas shall be designed for a uniform load of 600 kg/m 2 or a point load
600 kg. Hatches in traffic areas shall be designed for a wheel load of 500 kg.
13534 LADDERS AND SAFETY CAGES
Ladders and safety cages shall be constructed of galvanized steel and shall comply with ANSI
A14.3 and the applicable Construction Standard Drawings.
13535 VENTS
Vents for reservoirs shall be constructed of galvanized steel and shall be of the size shown on the
drawings with stainless steel insect screen.
13536 LEVEL GAUGE
Level gauges for reservoir shall consist of a float operated gauge. The float shall be suspended
inside the reservoir and shall operate a marker on a staff gauge fastened to the exterior of the
reservoir. The gauge shall be visible and readable from a point at ground level 10 mm from the
reservoir.
13540 WORKMANSHIP
All work shall be finished straight, smooth and free from defects and imperfections.
All metalwork shall be rigidly fixed in place using proper anchoring method.
Fastenings shall be of same metal as the item being fixed with matching coating or finish unless
otherwise specified.
13541 PERSONNEL
Workmen employed in fabrication of miscellaneous shall be experienced in their respective trades.
Workmen shall be supervised by qualified personnel.
13542 METAL FABRICATING SHOP
Fabrication of miscellaneous metal shall be carried out in a shop which provides protection from
the elements. The shop shall be adequately equipped to perform work is specified.
13543 FABRICATION
Before proceeding with fabrication, site dimensions shall be checked as necessary to ensure proper
fit. Dimensions of concrete, masonry of steel farming shall be accepted as sound and fabrication
made to these dimensions.
Fabrication of metalwork shall be in conformance with good practice of the metal fabrication
industry. Exposed surfaces shall have smooth finishes and sharp, well defined lines. Edges and
corners shall be ground smooth. Attachments shall be adequate for assembling and securing
metalwork in a suitable and substantial manner.
Concealed fasteners shall be used where practical. Connections shall be welded except where
bolting is specified. Metalwork shall be drilled and countersunk as required for attachment of
hardware or other materials.
Methods of fabrication not specified or shown shall be subject to the Engineer's approval prior to
use.
13544 WELDING
Welding of ferrous metals shall conform to the requirements of BS 5135-1974.
Field welding shall be minimized performed in accordance with the above codes and without
detrimental effects to the structure. Welds shall be ground smooth and spatter removed.
13545 HOT-DIP GALVANIZING
All steel items shall be hot-dip galvanized after fabrication.
Remove weld spatter, slag, and mill scale prior to galvanizing.
Galvanizing shall conform to the applicable requirement of BS 729.
Damage to the galvanizing shall be touched up in the field after installation by painting with two
(2) coats of Galvafroid, or as approved.
13546 INSTALLATION
Materials delivered to the site shall be stored in their original containers in an undamaged condition
and suitably protected from damage and weather. Bent, broken, or otherwise damaged metalwork
shall be repaired or replaced to the satisfaction of the Engineer.
Metalwork embedded in concrete shall be set accurately and secured with templates before
concreting commences. Forming block-outs in concrete and grouting of metalwork into block-outs
after concrete will not be permitted except with the written permission of the Engineer.
Surfaces to be buried in concrete shall be clean, free of dust, oil, or other coatings.
Chequer plate and grating shall be flush with the surrounding surfaces.
Installation of inserts, anchors, and anchor bolts shall be as shown on the drawings and in
accordance with the manufacturer's recommendations. Equipment and anchors shall be installed in
accordance with the equipment supplier's drawings and specifications.
Adhesive anchors shall be used in lieu of drilled anchors where anchors are less than four (4)
diameters clear of a free edge or corner.
13551 HANDRAILS
Payment for handrails will be made at the unit price per lineal meter shown in the Tender Form.
This price shall include shop drawings, steel, fabrication, galvanizing, installation, fixings, chains
and all work incidentals thereto.
Access Hatches, Hatch Covers, Ladders and Safety Cages, Vents, Level Gauges, Stairs, Screened
Intakes and Miscellaneous Fabrications
13552 GRATING AND CHEQUER PLATE
Payment for grating or chequer plate will be made at the unit price per square meter shown in the
Tender Form. This price shall include shop drawings, steel, fabrication, galvanizing, installation,
fasteners, support angles, and all work incidental thereto. Measurement will be based on the plane
area of the grating or chequer plate. No deductions will be made for holes less than 0.2 square
meters in area.
13553 BRIDGE BEAMS
Payment for crane beams and bridge beams will be included in the lump sum price for the these
items shown in the Tender Form.
13554 STRUCTURAL STEEL FOR BUILDINGS
Payment for beams, columns, crane beams and other steel items for buildings will be included in
the lump sum price for these items shown in the Tender Form.
13600 CARPENTRY
13610 GENERAL
13611 SCOPE
This specification refers to all carpentry for roof trusses, wood ceilings, floors, wood doors and
frames, and wood windows, including galvanized steel roof cladding.
13612 SUBMITTALS
Samples of all types of timber and connectors to be used in the construction shall be submitted to
the Engineer for approval prior to construction.
Timber, or carpentry and joinery units whose material on delivery to the site does not conform to
the standard of approved samples will be rejected and replaced by the Contractor at his own
expense.
Designer shall submit shop drawings and design calculations of the trusses to the Engineer for
review prior to fabrication. Trusses shall be designed for the dead loads plus a minimum level load
of 1 KN/M2. Trusses shall be designed by a professional engineer employed by the Contractor.
Shop drawings shall indicate all materials, member sizes and connection details.
13620 MATERIALS
13621 TIMBER
All timber is to be of the quality corresponding to the applicable standard straight, sound, bright, of
mature growth, well seasoned, and conditioned to suit the particular purpose of which it is to be
used. It is to be clean, well sawn, square edged, and free from injurious shakes, splits, warps,
wanes, and knots, soft spots and rot, incipient decay, and all other defects.
Timber shall be not more than 2-1/2% less than the dimensions stated on the drawings.
13622 TREATMENT
Creosote treated timber shall be pressure treated with creosote to a minimum net retention of 90 kg
per cubic meter.
13623 HARDWARE AND CONNECTORS
All nails, screws, plates, anchors, ties, locks, bolts, and door and window hardware shall be
corrosion resistant and of high quality. Nails shall be a minimum of two times as long as the
thickness of the timber being secured. Brass wood screws shall be used for joinery.
13624 JOINERY
All timber for joinery shall be planed and finished with a clean, true, and smooth face.
13625 CHIPWOOD CEILINGS
Chipwood ceilings shall be 8 mm thick and fixed with galvanized nails to 40 x 50 mm hardwood
battens provided at 600 mm centers in both directions and secured thereto by 25 x 5 mm hardwood
cover fillets to form squared pattern of approximately 600 x 600 mm; complete with cover fillets or
cornices at junctions of ceilings and walls, are treated with three coats of oil distemper.
13626 TIMBER FLOORS
Timber boarded flooring shall be of 30 x 100 mm tongue and groove hardwood and shall be laid in
as long lengths as possible and no two heading joints shall be nearer than 300 mm apart measured
in any direction. Boarded flooring shall be secret nailed to hardwood battens laid at a maximum of
500 mm centers and, if on a concrete or reinforced concrete floor slab - the spaces between battens
shall be filled with screed. Heading joints shall be formed over battens and shall generally be
splayed unless specified to be tongued and grooved. Floor boards shall be thoroughly cleaned off
and polished on completion.
13627 FASCIAS & SOFFITS
Fascia boards and barge boards (to gables) shall be constructed of 20 mm planed selected
hardwood as indicated to heights shown, and where closed soffits are indicated, such soffits shall
also be constructed of asbestos cement panels, and fixed to 50 x 70 mm battens.
13628 WOODEN DOORS
Unless otherwise indicated, doors generally shall be flush type, semi-solid cored with external face
covered with tongued and grooved "V" jointed verticals 15 x 80 mm boarding, and internal face
covered with best quality plywood, and with sides, tops and bottoms lipped and edged with
hardwood strips. Unless otherwise indicated, bottom of doors are to be fitted with approved brass
or aluminum kicking plates 250 mm high externally and plywood kicking plates 250 mm high
internally.
All doors shall be equipped with brass or bronze hinges, locks, bolts, and handles of the best
quality available and as approved by the Engineer. Before handing over the Work, the Contractor
shall provided numbered metal tabs to all keys and two keys to each door.
13629 GALVANIZED IRON SHEET COVERING (PITCHED ROOFS)
Where specified on drawings as a covering for pitched roofs, corrugated galvanized iron sheeting
shall be new sheets of.49 mm thickness fixed with forge headed screws and rubber and leather
washers or special mastic into 8 cm x 5 cm hardwood purlins. All ridges, cappings, flashings, etc.,
are to be of galvanized iron 28 s.w. gauge.
Galvanized iron sheet covering shall conform to ES C.D7.026 "Galvanized Corrugated Steel
Sheets".
13631 GUTTERS AND DOWNPIPES
Rainwater sown pipes, fittings and gutters shall be fabricated from galvanized sheet metal and shall
be of a type and quality approved by the Engineer.
13640 WORKMANSHIP
13641 GENERAL
Timbers for carpenter's work shall be of full scantlings and lengths.
Scarfing will only be allowed when necessary and in trussed in the best possible manner and fitted
with all necessary wrought-iron ties, straps, bolts screws, etc., as required for a complete
installation as shown on the Drawings or as directed.
13642 JOINERY
Joinery shall be framed together, single or double tenon housed, dovetailed or fitted with other
proper and suitable joints whether these are shown on the Drawings, described, or not. All
scribing, mitring, stopped or fitted ends shall be worked as required.
All joiners' work shall be wrought and finished with a clean, true and smooth face.
13643 PREPARATION AND ASSEMBLY
Timber to be built into masonry, brickwork, or concrete shall be of suitable hardwood and treated
with two coats of creosote or equipment preservative before being built in. Reasonable tolerance is
to be provided by the Contractor at all connections between carpentry or joinery work and the
building framework in order that any irregularities, settlements, or other movement shall be
adequately compensated, and he shall be responsible for adjusting the overall dimensions of
carpentry and joinery work to actual structural measurements made at the site as the work proceeds.
The whole of the joinery and work shall be cut and formed together and shall be finally wedged
and glued immediately before fixing in position. All joinery work shall be treated with one coat of
an approved red lead based priming paint, or two coats of boiled linseed oil in lieu thereof, before
leaving the workshop, and shall, on the site, be finished as specified in 13900 Painting and
Protective Coating.
13644 DOOR AND WINDOW FRAMES
Timber door and window frames where specified shall be built in to the structure as work proceeds.
Their fixing shall not be delayed until the completion of the works. Door frames shall extend the
full thickness of the walls in which they are fixed and shall generally be 60 mm thick and
constructed in an approved hardwood. External doors shall have a door rabbet on the floor. Doors
and windows shall be weather tight.
13650 PAYMENT
13651 WOODEN DOORS
Payment for wood doors will be made at the unit price per item shown in the Tender Form. This
price shall include supply and installation of door frames, rough grounds, door stops, wood doors,
sealant door hinges, locks, bolts, threshold, kick plates, keys, and all work incidental thereto.
13652 WOOD WINDOWS
Payment for wood windows will be made at the unit price per item shown in the Tender Form.
This price shall include supply and installation of window frames, rough grounds, cover fillets,
architraves, sealants, glazing, window hardware, and all incidental thereto.
13653 FASCIAS & SOFFITS
Payment for fascias and soffits will be included in the applicable unit price shown in the Tender
Form. This price shall include supply and installation of all soffits, fascias, and all work incidental
thereto.
13654 JOINERY
Payment for joinery will be included in the applicable lump sum price shown in the Tender Form.
This price shall include supply and installation of all joinery, and all work incidental thereto.
13655 ROOF
Payment for roofing will be included in the applicable unit price in the Tender Form. This price
shall include supply and installation and all work incidentals thereto.
13700 DOORS AND WINDOWS
13710 GENERAL
13711 SCOPE
This specification refers to metal doors and frames, metal window frame and glazing.
13712 SAMPLES
Two (2) samples of each type of door frame, window frame and door and window hardware shall
be submitted to the Engineer for approval four weeks prior to construction.
13713 SHOP DRAWINGS
Shop drawings of doors, windows, door frames, and window frames shall be submitted to the
Engineer for approval prior to fabrication, Shop drawings shall show door and door frame size,
material, thickness, mortices, reinforcement, and anchor details.
13720 MATERIALS
13721 METAL DOOR FRAMES
The metal door frame shall be manufactured of commercial grade, cold rolled steel conforming to
ASTM A366.
The frame for the door shall be 1.9 mm material.
The frame shall be pickled, zinc-coated with a coating of 375 grams per square meter of surface,
bonderized, and prime coated.
Finished work shall be strong and rigid, neat in appearance, square true, and free of defects, warp,
or buckle. Moulded members shall be clean, cut, straight, and of uniform profile throughout their
lengths.
Jamb depth shall be 150 mm.
The frame shall be provided with adjustable T-strap, jamb anchors. Wall anchors shall be not less
than 1.9 mm steel, corrugated or perforated. Three (3) anchors shall be provided on each jamb.
The frame shall be provided with a steel spreader temporarily attached to the feet of both jambs to
serve as a brace during shipping and handling.
13722 DOOR HARDWARE
Hardware shall be of high quality and of size and type suitable for intended use.
Standard Sets shall be used where it is regarded.
Detailed hardware schedule and locking system, based on principal of master and sub-master key
system and lock schedule, shall be submitted to the Engineer for approval. Samples of all hardware
shall be submitted.
13723 DOOR CLEARANCE
Edge clearance shall be provided as follows:

 Between the door and frame at head and jambs - 3 mm
 At door sill - 6 mm maximum and between door and threshold
 Between meetings of edges of pairs doors 3 mm
13724 METAL WINDOW FRAMES
Metal window frames shall be sturdily, constructed of heavy gauge metal.
Frames shall be fixed in brickwork as the jambs are built up, the opening being formed to allow a 3
mm gap all around the frame. In concrete walls, providing there is a similar gap, they may be fixed
when shuttering is truck.
In brick openings, frames shall be fitted with fixing lugs in adequate number, and bedded in mortar.
In concrete openings, frames shall be plugged to the walls using zinc-coated screws.
To avoid corrosion of aluminum alloy frames, screws and other metal fixing in contact with them
shall be of aluminum, zinc, or cadmium. In no circumstances shall cooper fixings be used.
Frames shall not be used as cantering for brickwork or to support a lintel.
Frames shall be carefully pointed in 1:3 cement mortars and, after raking out the gap, it shall be
pointed out with mastic.
Where noted windows shall be provided with a heavy-duty iron security grill.
Opening windows shall be provided with a lock on the inside and shall be rain-tight when closed.
All windows shall be opening unless noted otherwise.
13725 LOUVRES
Louvers shall be waterproof, constructed of 1mm sheet metal complete with bird screen.
13740 WORKMANSHIP
13741 INSTALLATION
Installation of doors, windows, frames, and hardware shall be carried out by experienced personnel
in accordance with manufacturer's recommendations.
The frame shall be set accurately as to location and required hardware to assure proper operational
quality.
Aluminum surfaces in contact with concrete or masonry shall be painted with a protective
bituminous paint.
The iron security grill shall be fastened to the concrete block wall with none removable fasteners.
After installation, joints between frame and adjacent structure shall be caulked on both faces.
13742 GLAZING
Clear float glass shall be 5 mm thick unless noted otherwise.
All glass shall be approved by the Engineer.
Types and sizes of glass to be used is specified in connection with the component to be glazed.
Samples of all glazing materials shall be submitted for approval.
Glass generally: to BS 952: 1978, with clean out undamaged edges, free from bubbles inclusions,
cracks, rippling dimples and other defects.
Obscured glass shall be as directed by the Engineer.

The glazing of aluminum alloy frames shall be done with a suitable glazing compound which does
not require painting for protection. Other metal windows shall be glazed with approved quick-
setting putty or a compound for the purpose and approved by the Engineer.
13750 PAYMENT
13751 Metal Doors and Frames
Payment for metal doors and frames will be made at the unit price per item shown in the Tender
Form. This price shall include supply and installation of door frames, locks, bolts, threshold, kick
plates, keys, and all work incidental thereto.
13752 Metal Windows and Frames
Payment for metal windows and frames will be made at the unit price per item shown in the
Tender Form.
This price shall include supply and installation of window frames, anchors, sealants, glazing,
window hardware, security grill where specified and all work incidental thereto.
13753 Louvers
Payment for louvers will be made at the unit price per item shown in the Tender Form. This price
shall include supply and installation of louvers and all work incidentals thereto.
13800 FINISHES
13810 GENERAL
13811 SCOPE
This specification refers to plastering, cement rendering, floor tiling and wall tiling. For painting
see Painting and Protective Coatings No 13900.
13812 MOCK-UP
A job mock-up shall be constructed for the project. The mock-up shall be 1200 x 1200 and shall
show the intended finish. The mock-up when approved shall become the acceptance standard for
the work.
13813 SAMPLES
Two (2) 300 mm x 300 mm samples panels of each type of floor and wall tiles shall be submitted to
the Engineer for approval two weeks prior to commencing work.
13820 MATERIALS
13821 TERRAZZO TILE

Terrazzo tiles for flooring and base shall be 200 mm x 200 mm x 20 mm units complying with the
latest Ethiopian Standard. Color and pattern shall be selected by the Engineer.
13822 CERAMIC TILE
Ceramic tile for walls shall be 150 mm x 150 mm x 5 mm units complying with BS 1281. Color
and pattern shall be selected by the Engineer.
13823 CEMENT
Cement shall comply with the requirements of BS 12.
13824 LIME
Lime shall be hydrated lime complying with BS 890.
13825 SAND
Sand shall be clean, angular grains, free from clay or organic impurities, and shall comply with the
requirements of BS 882.
13826 WATER
Water shall be clean and fresh and comply with BS 3148.
13827 PLASTIC TILES
2 mm thick plastic or vinyl tiles.
13830 WORKMANSHIP
All finishes to be carried out or under the close supervision of experienced tradesmen, skilled in the
particular type of work.
The work shall begin only after the Engineer's approval has been obtained for works and materials
to be used. Subsequent work shall be equal in quality to that approved.
13831 PLASTERING
Plastered coating shall normally consist of three coats. Two coat coating shall be background for
tilling. Fair face concrete surfaces shall have thin plaster coating.
Independent scaffolding shall be used to avoid putlog holes and other breaks in coated surfaces.
Where necessary to correct inaccuracies, dubbing out shall be done in thicknesses not more than 10
mm in same mix as first coat. Surface of each dubbing out coat shall be cross scratched
immediately after set.
Plastered surfaces shall be finished to a true plane, correct line and level, with angles and corners to
a right angle unless otherwise specified and with walls and reveals plumb and square. Maximum
gap under a straight edge to be 2 mm.
Undercoat shall be allowed to dry thoroughly to ensure that drying shrinkage is substantially
complete before applying next coat.
Each coat shall be prevented from drying out too rapidly by spraying with water and/or covering
with wet cloth as necessary in hot and dry weather.
All angles both internal and external shall be rounded to a radius of 40 mm and formed with a
stronger mix of 1 part cement, 1 part of lime, and 4 parts of sand.
13832 CEMENT RENDERING
Cement rendering shall be mixed 1 : 1 : 5(6) cement: lime : sand, but where approval has been
given by the Engineer to the use of a plasticizer, these proportions shall be modified with reference
to the manufacturer's instruction.
No rendering shall be applied to walls constructed of bricks containing any appreciable amount of
soluble sulphate or to brick or block walls before all joints have been raked out to a sufficient depth
to provide a good key.
Dense concrete walls shall be close hacked to the satisfaction of the Engineer to provide a key
before any work of rendering is commenced or otherwise shall be treated with an approved
proprietary emulsion to facilitate the bonding of the rendering to the base material.
All rendering shall be two-coat work and the undercoat shall not exceed 15 mm in thickness or be
less than 10 mm wherever the background may be irregular. Undercoats shall be combed or
scratched at close intervals to a depth of from 3 - 5 mm.
To allow initial shrinkage and any cracking to take place without affecting the finishing coat, no
finishing coat shall be applied in dry weather for at least two days and in wet weather for a week or
more after completion of the undercoat. Following this initial drying period it may be necessary to
damp down the undercoat with brush or spray before proceeding with the finishing coat.
All angles both internal and external shall be rounded to a radius of 20 mm and formed with a
stronger mix of 1 part cement, 1 part of lime, and 4 part of sand.
The finishing coat shall consist of the same mix as the undercoat and be from 3-7 mm in thickness.
In the case of walls it shall be brought to a true and workmanlike finish with a wood floating
trowel.
Rendering shall be kept damp while setting and shall be protected from sun and rain by suitable
coverings.
Any cracks in the rendering and any areas which sound hollow when tapped shall be cut out and re-
rendered by the Contractor at this own expense.
Any cracks, blows, or flaws shall be cut out and made good at the Contractor's own expense. All
cutting out shall be to a rectangular shape, the edge undercut to give a dove-tailed key, and the
surface shall be finished flush with the face of the surrounding plasterwork.
13833 FLOOR TILING
The concrete base shall be true and level, clean and sound. The concrete shall be cured for a
minimum of 28 days prior to commencing tiling.
Tiling shall be done by a specialist sub-contractor approved by the Engineer or by approved expert
labour.
Unless otherwise approved, concrete floors to be tiled with clay tiles shall be covered with a
consolidated separating layer consisting of weak cement/sand mortar (nominally 1: 7 mix) and,
unless otherwise approved by the Engineer, the sand content shall be soft building sand. This layer
shall be trowelled to a smooth and level surface.
The tiles shall be bedded in about 10 mm tick cement/sand mortar. The cement/sand mortar shall
be proportioned by volume in a 1:3-4 mix with sufficient water to provide a stiff plastic mix
without bleed water when compacted in place.
Immediately prior to setting the tiles, the bedding shall be dusted with a dry cement and lightly
trowelled until the cement becomes damp. Tile shall be laid on the mortar with at least 3 mm joint
between each tile and then tamped level.
The overall thickness from structural base to finished tiled surface shall not exceed 50 mm unless
otherwise shown on the Drawings.
The floor tiles shall be grouted with a cement-fine sand mortar proportioned by volume in 1:1 mix
with a minimum of water to produce a paste consistency. The joints shall be completely filled until
flush with the tile face.
Tiles shall be cleaned of all excessive mortar.
Protect tiles from damage due to construction traffic. All cracked or damaged tile shall be removed
and replaced.
13834 PLASTIC FLOOR TILES
Plastic tiles shall be installed in accordance with the manufacturer's recommendations and the
Engineer's instruction.
Prior to installing tiles a 30 mm tick 1:3 cement/sand mortar screed shall be placed. The screed
shall be finishes level and smooth.
13835 WALL TILING
Tiling work shall be done by a specialist sub-contractor approved by the Engineer or by approved
expert labour.
Walls and sills to be tiled shall be rendered with a 12 mm thickness of 1:3 cement/sand mortar with
a slightly rough surface.
Generally, walls shall be well soaked with clean water before being rendered.
Subject to the approval of the Engineer, wall tiles may be fixed by a mastic adhesive or a cement
based adhesive, subject to the provision of a suitable substrate for such work.
13840 PAYMENT
13841 PLASTERING
Payment for plastering will be made at the unit price per square meter shown in the tender form.
This price shall include substrate preparation, materials, installation, and all work necessary for a
complete job. Measurement of plaster shall be net surface plane of walls with doors and windows
deducted. Jambs and soffits of doors and windows will not be included in the measurement but
shall be allowed for in the general unit price.
13842 FLOOR TILING
Payment for floor tiling will be made for the type of tiling specified at the unit price per square
meter shown in the tender form. This price shall include the subgrade preparation, cement screed,
supply and installation of floor tiles, and all work incidentals thereto. Measurement of floor tilings
shall be net surface plane of floors tiled. Payment for skirting will be made at the unit price per
linear meter shown in the Tender Form.
13844 WALL TILING
Payment for wall tiling will be made at the unit price per square meter shown in the tender form.
This price shall include the substrate preparation, cement subbase, supply and installation of wall
tiling and all work incidentals thereto. Measurement of wall tiles shall be net surface plane of walls
with doors and windows deducted. Jambs and soffits of doors and windows will not be included in
the measurement but shall be allowed for in the general unit price.
13900 PAINTING AND PROTECTIVE COATINGS
13910 GENERAL
13911 SCOPE
This specification refers to painting and protective coatings.

13912 STANDARDS
Paints, enamels, varnishes, primers, undercoats, fillers, sealers, stains, shellac, linseed oil,
turpentine and thinners shall be pure, highest quality with identifying labels on containers, and shall
meet the requirements of applicable British Standards.
This part of the Specification includes all interior and exterior painting work the procurement of
necessary equipment and painting materials, and the completion of the painting in its entire within
the regulations of these documents.
The extent of painting work is shown on the Drawings and in Room Finish Schedule and specified
herein.
All unfinished surfaces exposed to view shall be painted, unless specifically specified not to be
painted, even if not shown in Schedules or Cards. Such items shall be painted as an adjacent
similar materials or areas. i.e. columns and pilasters as adjacent walls).
BS 6150:1982 shall be completed within painting work unless otherwise specifies.
In general, products of one (1) manufacturer shall be used throughout.
13913 COLOR SCHEDULE
The Engineer will provide a color schedule during the course of construction.
Samples of each type and color of coating, applied on plywood hardboard or similar background
size 300 x 300 mm shall be submitted.
Control sample areas including preparation of surfaces, and completed under final working
conditions and on actual surfaces, shall be provided of each type and color of coating.
The actual painting and finishing work may only being after the Engineer has approved the samples
of painting and finishing.
13914 SURFACES NOT REQUIRING PAINTING
The following areas or items shall not be painted:

a. Reservoir concrete, exterior building concrete, concrete below grade.
b. Ladder rungs, hoist hooks and chains, galvanized checker plate covers, grating and
grating frames, stair trades.
c. Finish hardware.
d. Corrosion-resistant materials such as stainless seal, aluminum, brass and bronze

chromium, glass, porcelain, PVC, polyethylene, except as otherwise specified herein, or
as directed by the Engineer.
e. Equipment nameplates, sight glasses, instruments, or any item where the function will
be affected or obscured.
13920 MATERIALS
13921 GENERAL
The type and application of paint for the various surface and conditions shall be as follows unless
otherwise specified. Primer shall be to the manufacturer's recommendations.
13922 COATING CLASSIFICATIONS

Painting and protective coatings shall conform to the schedule given below. Each type of coating is
identified by a letter, and the service for which each type is to be used is designated under the
Systems Schedule.
________________________________________________________
A Exterior Oil Primer X Steel High Heat Paint
B Exterior Alkyd Primer Y Interior Alkyd Gloss
C Galvanized Iron Primer Z Interior Alkyd Semi-Gloss
D Etch Type Primer AA Interior Alkyd Flat
E Interior Alkyd Wood Primer BB Interior Latex
F Interior Enamel Undercoat CC Wood Stain
G Interior Fire Retardant Primer DD Sanding Sealer or Shellac
H Alkali-Resistant Primer DD Interior Alkyd Varnish
I Alkyd Metal Primer FF Wood Filler
J Zinc Chromate Primer GG Interior Floor Enamel (Reduced 15%)
K Structural Steel Primer HH Interior Wood Floor Enamel
L Exterior Oil Low Gloss II Latex Sealer
M Exterior Alkyd Gloss JJ Fire Retardant Latex
N Exterior Latex KK Aluminum Paint
O Exterior Varnish LL Steel High Heat Paint
P Exterior Wood Stain MM Chlorinated Rubber Enamel
Q Exterior Floor Enamel (Reduced 15%) NN Coal Tar Epoxy Primer
R Exterior Floor Enamel OO Coal Tar Epoxy
S Latex Block Filler PP Chem stop
T 5% Clear Silicone Solution QQ Interior Solvent Based Primer-Sealer
U Exterior Alkyd Gloss RR Exterior Oil Alkyd Stain
V Anti-Hydro SS Moisture Resistant Stucco and Masonry
W Chlorinated Rubber Traffic Paint Coating
________________________________________________________
13923 SYSTEMS SCHEDULE

Unless otherwise specified or shown on the drawings, the following painting and finishing
schedule shall apply to all surfaces. The Coating products designated by letter in the schedule
below refer to Coating Classifications.
Table 13.1 Coating Classification

Coating Products
Application Back First Second
prime coat coat Third coat
Interior concrete block, masonry - S Z
Interior plaster on cement rendered ceilings
QQ BB BB
and walls
Interior woodwork - E F
Exterior woodwork - RR RR
Exterior asbestos cement - SS SS
Exterior Masonry, stucco, plaster, or cement
- SS SS
render
Exterior metal fabrications, steel and cast iron
- I M
piping, fittings and valves (not galvanized)
Metal (galvanized and non-galvanized)
submerged piping, equipment, shafts, and - .
drains ,
Metal moving parts, submerged or exposed to moisture, such as drive chains, sprockets, collector
chains, gates, and guiderails
PP- Heavy duty cola tar coating cold applied as required for 65 mm) thickness
QQ - Grease coating, semi drying, self-healing, rush preventives with solvents, black pigmented
(Dearborn Chemical Company Ltd. NO- OX-ID-A Special A) Swab applied at approximately 12
m2/kg for 50-,il (1.30 mm) thickness.
Table 13.2. Metal surfaces and machineries coating classification

Coating Products
Application Back First Second Third
prime coat coat coat
Metal surfaces, piping and equipment subject to

NN OO OO
extreme dampness occasional submergence
Machinery having factory applied finish J M

Metal door and Frames I M M
13930 WORKMANSHIP
13931 HANDLING AND STORAGE OF MATERIALS
Materials shall be delivered in unopened original packages or containers of a suitable size for the
particular application. They shall, in general, be used without adulteration of any kind, except
where specifically recommended by the manufacturer and with the Engineer's Materials shall be
stored and suitably protected in one (1) location on the site.
13932 CLEANING AND PREPARATION OF SURFACES
a. General
Surfaces to be painted shall be unbroken and homogeneous. Possible patching shall be of suitable
material and well attached to the background. No defects may be visible through finished painting.
Surfaces shall be dry enough to receive specified paint system and free from oil, grease, mortar and
other impurities.
Minor imperfections in surfaces to be painted shall be made good by stopping and filling.
Cracks not more than 2 mm wide and 1 mm deep may be puttied. Depressions not more than 0,5
mm may be filled.
Preparation of surfaces shall be done according to the paint manufacturers' recommendations.
Spaces shall be broom-cleaned before starting. Dust, dirt, grease, and other extraneous matter shall
be removed and surfaces thoroughly dried before application of any painting material.
Floors, walls, plumbing fixtures, masonry, millwork, light fixtures, hardware, and other items not
being painted, shall be protected with clean, dry cover cloths.
b. Preparation of Wood Surfaces
Wood surfaces to be painted shall be clean of dirt, oil, or other foreign substances with mineral
spirits, scrapers, sandpaper, or wire brush. Finished surfaces exposed to view shall, if necessary, be
made smooth by planning or sandpapering. After priming, all holes and imperfections shall be
filled with putty or plastic wood colored to match the finish coat, allowed to dry, and sandpapered
smooth. Painting of exterior wood surfaces shall proceed in so far as practical only after masonry
work has dried.
c. Preparation of Concrete and Masonry Surfaces
Curing compounds or hardeners shall not be used on concrete surfaces to be painted. Concrete
surfaces shall be left one (1) month before painting.
New concrete surfaces shall be prepared by removing dirt, dust, efflorescence, oil and grease stains,
or other foreign substances by wire or fibre brushing, scrapers, light sandblasting, or other
approved means and by surface roughening, when necessary, to provide good adhesion of paint.
New concrete surfaces which are to receive oil or varnish base coating shall be allowed to age for
the minimum period specified and, in addition, shall be brush-treated with a solution consisting of
2% chloride and 3% phosphoric acid in water, permitted to dry, and the residue removed by light
brushing.
Where suction spots appear in concrete, masonry, or plaster after application of he first coat of
paint, shop priming shall be applied in such areas before application of finish coat.
d. Preparation of Pipe and Equipment Furnished with Shop Coats of Bitumen
Surfaces of pipe and equipment shop-coated with bitumen of coal-tar paint shall be prepared by
removing dirt, dust, loose paint, or other foreign substances, by wire or fibre brushing. The
surfaces shall then be coated with two (2) coats of the specified passivator for bitumen-coated
surfaces prior to the application of subsequent coatings.
e. Preparation of Shop-Painted Equipment and Motors

Equipment such as pumps, motors, and valves which have been shop-painted, together with
existing equipment and piping incorporated in the work, shall be prepared by removing dirt, dust,
loose paint, oil, or other foreign substances and shall then be thoroughly sandpapered to roughen
the surface for bonding the new paint. If the shop paint is in good condition, as determined by the
Engineer, the specified primer may be omitted.
f. Preparation of Iron and Steel Surfaces
i) Atmospheric Exposure
Iron and steel surfaces that are not galvanized and will be subject to normal exterior or interior
atmospheric exposure shall be cleaned either in the shop or in the field by means of solvents, power
wire brushing, scraping, flame or blast cleaning, or by other approved methods which will remove
all grease, dirt, loose mill scale, and other foreign substances. Cleaned surfaces shall be primed as
soon as practicable after cleaning with the appropriate specified primer. Prior to applying
subsequent coats, weld and other damaged areas of shop-primed surfaces shall be cleaned and re-
primed. Slag and weld splatter shall be removed or neutralized by acid washing.
New none weathered galvanized metal shall be cleaned to remove all surface contamination such
as dirt, oil, grease and other foreign matter and then washed thoroughly with solvent.
ii) Submerged Exposure

Iron and steel surfaces that are not galvanized and will be subject to immersion, or which will be
wet by spray or condensation, or as specified in the schedule, shall be cleaned of all rust mill scale,
and other foreign material to "white" metal by blast-cleaning. Blast-cleaning shall be carried out
using abrasives of such particular shape, hardness and gradation as to effectively clean the metal
and leave a roughened surface suitable for adequate bonding of subsequent coatings. As soon after
cleaning as practicable, and prior to the formation of any corrosion from atmospheric moisture or
other causes, blast-cleaned metal surfaces shall be cleaned of dust and coated with the specified
primer, protective coating, or paint. In no case shall a blast-cleaned surface be left overnight prior
to receiving the priming coat.
13940 PAINT APPLICATION
13941 General
Applicators and techniques best suited for surfaces and for types of materials being applied shall be
used. Approval of methods shall be obtained before starting work.
Priming coats shall be of adequate thickness well worked into surfaces joints and angles.
Shop primed surfaces which have been incorrectly done or have deteriorated in transit or on site
shall be touched up or re-primed.
Undercoats shall be applied evenly over all exposed surfaces, avoiding uneven thickness at edges
and angles.
Work shall be done in accordance with the requirements of BS 6150 so that the finished surfaces
are free from runs, drops, ridges, waves, laps and brush marks. All coats shall provide an even film
of uniform thickness completely coating all corners and crevices. Each successive coat shall vary
in shade or color from that of the preceding coat.
Spray nozzles shall be held sufficiently close to the surface being coated to avoid either excessive
evaporation of the volatile constituents or the bridging over of crevices and corners. Spray
equipment shall be equipped with mechanical agitators, pressure gauges, and pressure regulators.
Nozzles shall be of proper size. Floors, roofs and other adjacent areas and installations shall be
satisfactorily protected by drop cloths or other precautionary measures. Over-spray shall be
removed by approved methods and the affected surface re-coated if applicable.
The dry film thickness and the continuity of coated ferrous metal surfaces will be subject to
continual field check by the Engineer. Instruments for checking thickness and continuity will be
provided by the Engineer.
13942 Thinners
Only the products of the manufacturer furnishing the paint for the particular application shall be
allowed. Thinning shall be done strictly in accordance with the manufacturer's instructions as well
as with the full knowledge and approval of the Engineer.
13943 Application
Each coating shall be applied at the rate specified for brush application by the manufacturer.
Primer coatings for ferrous and concrete surfaces shall be applied only by brush. If material has
thickened or requires dilution for application by spray gun, the coating shall be built up to the same
film thickness achieved with undiluted material. Applications using a spray gun must achieve the
same coverage per square meter of area as would result if applied without thinning by brush.
Drying time shall be construed to mean "under normal conditions". Where conditions are other
than normal because of the weather, or because painting must be done in confined areas, a longer
drying time will be necessary. Additional coats of paint shall not be applied, nor shall units be
returned to service until paints are thoroughly dry.
Where the prime coat has been applied by others, it shall be the Contractor's responsibility to check
for compatibility with his touch-up and finish coats.
13944 Atmospheric Conditions
Interior work shall be carried out at a minimum temperature of 15 0C. The Contractor shall supply
the required heat if necessary.
Exterior work shall be carried out at temperatures in excess of 150C, and in dry, calm weather. Oil-
alkyd based paint may, at lower temperatures, be substituted for vinyl latex paints with the
Engineer's approval.
Coatings shall be applied only to surfaces that are thoroughly dry and only under suitable
combinations of humidity and temperatures of the atmosphere. In no case shall any coating be
applied during rainy or misty weather, or to surfaces upon which there is frost or moisture
condensation, without a suitable protection approved by the Engineer. Where coating is permitted
during damp weather, or when the temperature is at or below 150C, the surfaces shall be kept
heated to prevent moisture condensation there-on. Coatings when applied shall be at
approximately the same temperature as that of the surface on which they are applied.
13945 Ventilation
For application inside tanks or other contained areas where air circulation is limited, sufficient
ventilation must be provided to keep solvent concentrations below recommended limits. The
manufacturer's safety precautions with respect to fire hazard and health hazard shall be adhered to.
13946 Protection of Coated Surfaces
Protection of coated surfaces shall be preserved in place until the paint film has properly dried, and
the removal of the protection is authorized by the Engineer. Items which have been painted shall
not be handled, worked on, or otherwise disturbed until the coat is completely dry and hard. After
delivery to the site, all shop-coated metalwork shall be re-coated or retouched as necessary.
13947 Coverage and File Thickness
The actual surface area covered per litre of oil or varnish vehicle coatings for various types of
surfaces shall not exceed those listed in the following table. The first coat on metal surfaces refers
to the first full paint coat and not to conditioning or other pretreatment applications. Bituminous
type coatings and epoxy resin coating shall be applied to a thickness of 500 microns and in
accordance with instructions contained elsewhere in these specifications. Specified coverage rates
do not include spraying and other losses of material resulting from the conditions under which
coating is applied.
Coverage on atmospheric exposed steel and other metal surfaces shall be as follows:
_______________________________________________
Primer 10 square meter/litre

First Coat 10 square meter/litre
Second Coat 10 square meter/litre
Third Coat 11 square meter/litre
Fourth Coat
(Where Required) 11 square meter/litre
_______________________________________________
In addition, in no case shall the average total thickness (dry) of the completed protective coating
system on exposed metal surfaces be less than 32 microns per coat including primer as determined
by a dry thickness gauge. Additional coats shall be applied as necessary to obtain the required dry
thickness.
13948 Continuity
In testing for continuity about welds, projections such as bolts and nuts, and crevices, the Engineer
will determine the minimum conductivity for smooth areas of like coating where the dry micron
thickness has been found adequate. This conductivity shall then be taken as the minimum required
for these rough, irregular areas. Pin holes and holidays shall be re-coated to the required coverage.
Ferrous metal surfaces shall meet minimum continuity requirements.
13950 PIPING SYSTEMS COLORING AND CODING
In genera, pipe work shall be painted the same color as the walls in that location. Major piping
colors will be supplies with the color schedule.
13960 CLEANUP
On completion of the work, masking protective devices shall be removed. Paint spots shall be
cleaned off and the structures left in a clean, presentable condition.
Payment for painting will be included in the applicable unit prices shown in the Tender Form. This
price shall include samples of surface preparation, material application, and all work incidentals
thereto.
14000 PLUMBING & SANITARY INSTALLATION
14010 GENERAL
14011 SCOPE
This is a performance specification for the supply and installation of the Sanitary Works (domestic
potable Water and Sewerage System) for the office, residential and operation buildings.
a. Domestic Potable Water
Complete domestic potable water shall be provided for all sanitary fixtures and garden taps as per
the drawings and Bill of Quantities.
b. Domestic Sewage System
All sewerage and waste water from all the Sanitary fixtures, shall be directed to a Sewage disposal
system. Each Sewage disposal system shall be constructed as per the drawings and Bill of
Quantities and shall consist of a Septic Tank.
14012 CODES AND PERMITS
The Contractor shall install all plumbing, piping and fixtures in accordance with all local by laws
and applicable acts and regulations of Ethiopia. He shall obtain and pay for all permits related to
the work and shall arrange for the relevant inspection authorities to inspect and pass the work.
14013 COORDINATION WITH OTHER CONTRACTORS
All the sanitary installations in foundations and slabs shall be installed under this contract.
14020 MATERIALS
14021 WATER TANKER AND TOWER
Treated water shall be delivered to a 2m3 galvanized steel storage tank via a galvanized pipe
connected to the main distribution line. The tank shall be mounted on a steel frame tower 6 mts
high above ground.
14022 SERVICE OR UTILITY SINK
Service or utility sinks shall be constructed of stainless steel or stain resisting porcelain enameled
cast iron. The sink shall have a 300 mm high integral back constructed of the same material as the
sink. The sink shall be fitted with a chrome-plated brass strainer with a removable face. The trim
shall be chrome-plated brass faucets, one (1) for hot and one (1) for cold water, having hose-end
spout and five (5) rib handles.
Trap shall be a cast-iron 'p' trap with clean-out and adjustable screen flange.
14023 HAND WASH BASIN
Hand wash basin shall be of white vitreous China equipped with concealed bracket made of grey
malleable cost iron white painted complete with plug chains, chrome plated bottle trap and
connector, flexible pipe connectors, complete with fixing devices and chrome plated cold and hot
water valves.
14024 WASH DOWN WATER CLOSET
White vitreous China wash down water closet with plastic seat and cover including low flush
cistern and stop cock on the water supply line, inlet and drain connector, trap and complete with all
fixing devices.
14025 SHOWER UNITS
Shower units shall be of white enameled cast iron or steel plate including shower head and chrome
plated tap, waste water trap and complete with all the accessories.
14026 WATER HEATER
Water heater shall be of capacity specified in the bill of quantities. 60-Litre water heater shall have
a tank capacity of 60 litres. The tank shall be fabricated from heavy gauge sheet steel with a bake
high-quality enamel finish. The internal lining shall be specially formulated glass. Insulation
between the glass lining and outer shell shall be heavy-duty fibreglass blankets. Heating elements
shall be individually thermostatically controlled. The cold-water inlet shall include a diffuser and a
non return valve; the tank shall be fitted with a pressure relief valve, vacuum breaker and drain
valve. The unit shall be suitable for operating at 240V/10/50-Hz and have a total heating capability
of 3 kW, the electrical circuit shall include a temperature-limit control as a safe feature.
14027 MANHOLES
Manholes shall be in precast concrete C-20 quality, brick or Class A hollow block work as
indicated and detailed in the drawings. The manholes shall be laid on a minimum concrete bed of
150mm, C-20 concrete.
Manholes other than precast concrete shall be plastered internally and externally where there is no
underground infiltration with two coats of cement plaster. Joints of precast concrete manhole shall
be flush pointed.
The base of manholes shall be benched using half pipes or C-20 concrete to form smooth transition
between inlet and outlet. Benched and other surface shall be smoothed in cement screed.
Manhole covers shall be C-25 precast concrete as detailed in drawings.
Manholes shall be enumerated stating the size and shall be deemed to include related earth and
other works for the completion of the work.
14028 SEPTIC TANK
The septic tank shall be constructed of concrete having a compressive strength of 25 MPa after 28
days. The interior of the tank shall be lined and trowelled with 10 mm of cement mortar to produce
a fine finish. The roof of the tank shall be separate from the walls and floor and shall be
constructed with C-25 concrete. Where joints are made between the roof and the walls they shall
be sealed with a non-shrinking grout. The access covers shall have two lifting eyes to facilitate its
complete removal as and when required. The soak away pit shall be located immediately adjacent
to the septic tank and shall be constructed as per the standard drawings.
14029 PIPE AND FITTINGS
a. Domestic Potable Water
Piping to all sanitary fixtures for both hot and cold water shall be rigid PVC PN10, or galvanized-
steel pipe. Fittings shall be rigid PVC, or galvanized malleable iron threaded joint, if galvanized
pipe is used.
The unit price shall include all fittings such as bends, unions, tee, yard faucets, Saddle Clamp to
connect from the system, etc. and all the necessary assistance to the installation works such as
chiseling of walls, slabs, beams, floors, etc. and closing them with concrete or cement mortar to
normal condition.
b. Waste Drain Lines
Soil, waste and vent pipe in horizontal branches and vertical stacks shall be of rigid plastic pipes
(PVC) of approved standard including the necessary fitting such as bends, Y,T, clean outs,
increasing and reducing pieces with tight joints as shown on the drawing. The unit price shall
include all the necessary masonry assistance such as chiseling of walls, slabs, floors, etc. and
closing them with concrete or cement mortar to normal condition.
14030 VALVES
All valves shall be of approved standards, with unions, elastic water proofing and hand wheels of
normal quality.
All gate valves shall be rated to 1400 KPa for water, oil and gas, all bronze, wedge-type, non-rising
stem and screwed.
All globe valves shall be rated to 1400 KPa for water, oil and gas, all bronze, composition disc,
screwed connections.
All check valves shall be rated to 1400 KPa for water, oil and gas, all bronze swing type, screwed
connections.
14031 FLOOR DRAINS

Floor drains shall be cast iron, 2-piece with double drainage flange, weep holes, reversible, non-
puncturing clamp devices, adjustable 150 mm round strainer with square openings, and caulked
bottom outlet.
14032 HUB DRAINS
Hub drains shall comprise of a short length of pipe, terminating with an increaser above the
finished floor level, sizes to be minimum 50 mm cone shaped.
14033 PIPE SLEEVES
All pipe sleeves shall be provided as shown in the drawing. Sleeves shall be standard weight,
black-iron pipe for steel piping, and ASTM-Type K copper for copper piping; 2 sizes larger than
the pipe being sleeved.
14034 CLEAN-OUTS
Clean-outs shall be full size of pipe up to 100 mm and not less than 100 mm for larger pipe.
Provided full size "Y" and "T" branches and extend these to finished floor and wall surfaces with
ample room for rodding. Bolted cover plate clean-outs shall be used in vertical rainwater leaders
only.
Clean-outs for cast-iron pipe shall be cast-iron mechanical joint fitting with extra heavy plug with
raised head screwed into fittings.
14035 PIPE HANGERS AND SUPPORTS
Piping shall be properly supported, anchored, and guided to prevent excessive movement and
vibration, and to relieve expansion stresses and strains, in accordance with standard practice and as
specified and shown on the drawings.
Vertical piping shall be supported at its base and at each floor through which it passes.
Horizontal support spacing for the various services and piping class shall not exceed the
dimensions listed in this specification.
a. PVC Pipe
PVC piping shall be supported at intervals of:
2 m for pipe up to 40 mm diameter
2.3 m for pipe 50 mm diameter
2.5 m for pipe 75 mm diameter and larger
b. Copper Pipe
Copper piping shall be supported at intervals of:

2 m pipe up to 18 mm diameter
1.5 m for pipe 25 mm diameter and greater.
c. Steel
Steel piping shall be supported in accordance with the following table:
Pipe size Maximum Spacing

Up to 30 mm 2.0 m
40 mm to 75 mm 3.0 m
100 mm to 200 mm 3.6 m
250 mm to 300 mm 6.0 m
350 mm to 450 mm 7.3 m
500 mm to 600 mm 8.5 m
d. Hangar Rods
Hangar rods shall be hot-rolled steel rod conforming to ASTM A07. Size shall be determined as
follows:
Pipe size Road Size

12 mm to 50 mm 9 mm
65 mm to 90 mm 13 mm
100 mm to 125 mm 16 mm
150 mm 19 mm
200 mm to 300 mm 22 mm
450 mm 28 mm
500 mm 32 mm
600 mm 38 mm
14040 WORKMANSHIP
14041 INSTALLATION
The plumbing systems shall be installed as specified and shown on the drawings, and shall conform
to all local and Ethiopian codes and regulations.
The work shall include all fixtures, fittings, support vents, and equipment necessary to provide for
the proper operation of the plumbing system.
The position of fixtures and piping shown on the drawings indicated the general arrangement only.
The Contractor shall make all necessary changes to accommodate structural conditions,
Pipe runs shall be straight, true and parallel, and shall be grouped where possible to present a neat
compact appearance.
14042 PIPE SLOPES
Unless otherwise shown on the drawings, horizontal piping shall be sloped as follows:
a. Sanitary drainage piping, 50 mm diameter and under, and fixture drains shall have a
minimum slope, in the direction of flow, of 2%.
b. Sanitary drainage piping, 75 mm diameter and over, shall have a minimum slope, in the
direction of flow, of 1%.
c. Sanitary vents shall be sloped towards the traps or piping they are serving.
d. Domestic water piping shall be graded so that it can be completely drained through
cocks or fixtures.
14043 EXPANSION
Piping shall be installed so that neither piping nor equipment will be strained or distorted, either by
expansion or contraction of the piping system, or by settling and deflection of the structure.
14044 SLEEVES
The exact location of sleeves shall be the responsibility of the electro-mechanical contractor.
Where pipes pass through floors, walls and partitions, fill weight galvanized steel pipe sleeves shall
be used, size to take the insulation where required.
Wall sleeves shall be flush both sides of the wall and pipe shall be supported to hang in the center
of the sleeves.
Floor sleeves shall have welded to them a steel flange, at least 3 mm thick with an outside radius of
25 mm greater than that of the sleeve. This flange shall serve as an anchoring and water-proofing
ring. Floor sleeves shall extended 100 mm above the finished floor.
14045 CLEAN-OUTS
Clean-outs shall be provided where shown on the drawings and as required by local codes and
regulations.
14046 HANGERS AND SUPPORTS
Hangers and road sizes shall be spaced to ensure a rigid, neat, and secure system.
14047 ROOF FLASHING

A waterproof joint shall be made using 2.75 kg iron sheet extending 300 mm in all directions,
raised up and into the hub of vent, and finished with a copper, brass, or wrought-iron ring properly
caulked.
Flashings on vents passing through the roof shall be made with 2.75 kg sheet lead and terminate
with the top of the pipe. The gap between the flashing and pipe shall be closed with a separate cap
extending 75 mm downwards inside and outside.
14048 TESTING AND START-UP
The Contractor shall perform, at his own expense, all tests desired by the Engineer during the
progress of the work or at its completion. Such tests shall be carried out solely for the purpose of
determining if the system as actually installed meets the specified requirements. The Contractor
shall supply all necessary temporary equipment, pumps, gauges, etc., required for carrying out any
tests.
All tests shall be made prior to painting, application of insulation, backfilling, concealing, or
covering the pipe in any way. All tests shall be performed in the presence of and to the satisfaction
of the Engineer.
The following tests shall be performed by the Contractor or Sub-contractor and an itemized
certification of each test shall be handed to the Engineer, as the test is performed, with the detailed
date as required by each. The tests shall be as follows:
Potable Water System
A hydrostatic test shall be made by the Contractor, consisting of filling the piping systems to 900
KPa for a period of 2 hours. Joints shall be inspected for leaks and where leakage occurs, joints
shall be made good and the entire system retested.
Repairs to piping systems shall be made with new material. No caulking of screwed joints, creaks
or holes will be acceptable. Where it becomes necessary to replace pieces of pipe, such
replacements shall be the same lengths as the defective pieces.
All potable water piping shall be completely flushed with treated water. After the clean-out period,
the system shall be drained, all strainers cleaned and the system refilled.
14049 FINAL DISINFECTION
Before being placed in service, all potable water mains shall be chlorinated so that a chlorine
residual of not less than 10 ppm remains in the water after 24 hours in the pipe.
14050 FINAL FLUSHING
On completion of the final disinfection, the entire distribution system shall be thoroughly flushed,
filled with water and left in a condition ready to use.
Payment for plumbing and sanitary installations will be made at the unit prices shown in the Tender
Form. The unit price shall include supply and installation and all work incidentals thereto.
14100 ELECTRICAL WORKS
14010 GENERAL
14111 SCOPE OF WORK
This work includes the supply, erection, installation, testing, commissioning and putting to work
complete L.V. supply network, all electrical installations, services and street lights as shown
generally in the drawings and described in this specification.
14112 QUALIFICATIONS OF WORKMEN
Generally comply with the requirements of qualification of workmen in the General Requirements
of this Specification.
In addition to these requirements assign at least one person who is licensed and thoroughly familiar
with the specified requirements and capable of guiding the tradesmen in the selection of material
and execution of the works of this .
14113 TEST CERTIFICATES
The Contractor shall be deemed to have examined test certificates for all plant, equipment and
material provided under this Contract and to have satisfied himself that all component parts of the
Works are tested as suitable for erection and installation in the areas required for the works.
Copies of such certificates shall be presented to the Engineer as evidence.
14114 TESTING OF COMPLETED INSTALLATION
Site testing of the general electrical installation shall be carried out on completion of s of the works,
or at any time as requested by the Engineer. These tests shall be witnessed and three copies of Test
Certificates giving the results of the tests shall be submitted.
The following tests shall be carried out in accordance with the requirements of EEPCO.
- Insulation resistance tests between phases and each phase to earth.
- Earth continuity tests on all circuits.
- Line and neutral earth loop impedances from selected positions on site.
14115 "AS BUILT" RECORD DRAWINGS
A complete and detailed lay-out drawing together with the specification of materials used for the
works shall be submitted at the completion of works.
14120 MATERIAL & EXECUTION
14121 GENERAL
Materials used in the works shall be new, the best of their respective kinds, and obtained from
manufactures approved by the Engineer.
14122 Materials shall be fully in accordance with qualities, tolerances, tests, recommendations,
methods of workmanship and requirements as described or named in the relevant British
Standard Specification, the International Electro-technical commission (IEC) Publications,
or in conformity with the latest edition of EEPCO specifications.
14123 The Contractor, when and if required, shall supply samples where or prototypes of all
materials or workmanship before work is put in hand. The samples shall be retained until the
main bulk of materials is delivered to site.
14124 Samples will be required only where the Engineer would find it difficult to verify standards
and quality from drawings and descriptions supplied by the Contractor.
14125 MOUNTING HEIGHTS
Except where otherwise detailed in the drawings or stated in the Bill of Quantities all accessories
and fittings shall be fixed at the following heights above finished floor level:-
 Distribution boards 1700mm to center line of board

 Lighting switches and push buttons 1400mm
 Lighting switches and push buttons above beds 1000mm
 Sockets (general 300mm)
 Sockets on or above benches 1500mm above bench top
 Sockets in workshops 0100mm
 Telephone outlets 300mm
 Bells 2100mm
14126 UNDERGROUND CABLE DUCTS
14127 GENERAL
Underground cable ducts for incoming power supply cables and telephone service cables to the
buildings, shall be supplied and installed by the Contractor. It shall be the responsibility of the
Contractor to ensure that the underground duct is installed correctly according to each party's
requirements, and to the purpose. The Contractor shall liaise closely with EEPCO and ETA to
ensure that their requirements are fully satisfied. It shall be the Contractor's responsibility to ensure
that adequate information concerning easy bends, directions of runs, etc. is given before work
commences.
14128 PRECAST CONCRETE PIPES
Precast concrete pipes for cable drawing shall comply with the requirements of ES C D3.326.
The pipes shall be jointed in cement sand mortar mix 1:3.
Precast cement pipes shall be measured in length and shall be understood as including fitting and
related earth and concrete work.
14129 GALVANIZED STEEL PIPES
Galvanized steel pipes for cable drawing shall generally comply with the requirement of BS 1387,
light gauge having threaded ends to BS 21.
Galvanized steel pipe laid for cable drawing shall be measured in length and understood as
including all earth, masonry and concrete work.
14130 PVC PIPES
PVC drain pipes for cable drawing shall generally comply with the requirement of BS 5481.
PVC pipe laid for cable drawing shall be measured in length and understood as including all earth,
masonry and concrete work.
14131 MANHOLES
Manholes shall be in precast concrete C-20 quality, brick or Class A hollow block work as
indicated and detailed in the drawings. The manholes shall be laid on a minimum concrete bed of
150mm, C-20 concrete.
Manholes other than precast concrete shall be rendered internally and externally with two coats of
cement mortar. Joints of precast concrete manholes shall be flush pointed.
Manholes covers shall be in cast iron cover and frames or C-25 precast reinforced concrete.
Manholes shall be enumerated stating size and shall be deemed to include related earth and other
works for the completion of the work.
14132 CONDUITS FOR INTERNAL WIRE DRAWING
All metal conduits shall be heavy duty galvanized and shall be laid in straight and symmetrical
lines. The ends of all conduits shall be carefully trimmed to remove all burrs and sharp edges after
the screw threads have been cut. The ends of the conduits shall be but welded solidly in all
couplings, and where conduits terminate in switch fuses, fuse boards, adaptable boxes etc., they
shall be connected there to by means of smooth bore male brass brushes, compression washers and
sockets. All bends shall be made on site to suit site conditions and not more than two right angle
bends shall be permitted without the interposition of a draw box. No tees, elbows or bends either
solid or inspection will be permitted, unless specifically mentioned in the specification or in the
drawings.
All PVC conduits shall be of high impact PVC type. Ends shall be carefully trimmed of all burrs.
Joints shall be made using adhesive supplied by the conduit manufacturer.
14133 CUBICLE PANEL BOARDS
The Contractor shall supply and install medium voltage main distribution panels as indicated in the
drawing. The main distribution panel shall be of the cubicle panel type. The Contractor shall submit
detailed drawings of the proposed panel lay-out for approval of the Engineer.
The design and arrangement of the panel shall be such as to permit the ready addition or
replacement of incoming and outgoing cables. There shall also be ready access to any component
requiring maintenance including all bolted or clamped connections.
14134 MAIN AND SUB DISTRIBUTION BOARDS
The Contractor shall supply and install distribution boards in the positions indicated on the
drawings. All sub-main distribution boards shall be complete with isolator of fused switch as
applicable.
The distribution boards shall be complete with all necessary earth bonding gland-plates, cable
entries, fixing brackets and supports for the cables specified and the locations indicated.
Sub-distribution boards shall be surface-flush mounted as specified in the Bill.
Distribution boards shall be of the type fully enclosed sheet steel cabinets and hinged cover. Each
shall be a one standard panel having the number of pitch units as detailed in the drawings. Boards
shall consist of approved single and triple pole miniature circuit breakers. The current rating and
type of each panel are indicated on the appropriate distribution boards diagram.
Unused reserve pitch units shall be fitted with moulded plastic cover strips. Full facilities shall be
provided within the panel for the fitting of future additional circuit breakers.
The circuits fed from the distribution board shall be marked on a card fixed to the inside of the lid.
This card must indicate without ambiguity the location of all the outlets fed from each distribution
way, and the size of the fuse of circuit breaker rating. The information must either be typed or
printed on the card, or presented in similar legible manners.
Distribution and sub-distribution boards, bus bar rating, type of mounting (surface, flush) etc., shall
be indicated in the drawing. The reference number of the Board shall be used in the Bill.
Distribution boards shall be enumerated and understood as including all related works.
Terminal covers shall be of moulded plastic, surfaces mounted with bare plate, 35mm wider rail
and wire entry knock outs. Terminal covers shall include all related work.
14135 PVC CABLES
Underground cables shall be PVC bedded, steel wire unarmored-armoured and PVC served overall.
Unless, specifically indicated otherwise, all cables shall have copper conductors.
PVC sheathed and insulated power cables shall generally be of the type Siemens NYY 0.6-KV or
equivalent.
PVC cable shall be measured in length and understood as including all related work.
14140 LIGHT, POWER AND SOCKET OUTLETS
14141 GENERAL
Unless indicated on drawings or schedules the following shall be the minimum standard of light,
power switch and other outlets fittings.
Outlets shall be enumerated and understood as including all related work.
14142 LIGHT POINTS
Light points fed through specified size PVC insulated conductors of type Siemens NYM or
equivalent, in thermoplastic conduits of 13.5mm diameter for recessed installation, including
junction boxes with cover insulating caps, as well as flush mounted switches.
14143 LIGHT SWITCH
Light switches shall be of commercial grade quality, shall have a rating to suit the circuit load.
Those subjected to water spray or splash and to dust and those located out-off-doors shall be
weatherproof. Those located in chemical feed building and the chlorination rooms shall be
corrosion resistant to the effects of chlorine contamination.
14150 SOCKET OUTLETS
14151 GENERAL
All socket outlets shall generally be "Siemens SCHUKO" type or similar approved by the
Engineer.
14152 SOCKET POINTS
Socket points shall be of specified rating fed through PVC insulated conductors inside
thermoplastic conduits of diameter as shown in the drawings for recessed installation including
junction boxes with covers and insulating caps.
14153 BELL POINTS
Bell points shall be fed through PVC insulated conductor of 2x0.8 mm2 inside thermoplastic
conduits of 13.5 mm diameter for recessed installation including junction boxes with covers and
insulating caps.
14154 POWER OUTLETS
Power outlets shall be of specified rating PVC sheathed cable in specified size of thermoplastic
conduit for recessed installation, including junction boxes with covers and insulating caps.
14155 TELEPHONE OUTLETS
Conduits for telephone system shall be installed complete as indicated in drawings. The wiring for
each telephone outlet shall be carried out by the Ethiopian Telecommunication Authority. The
Contractor shall liaise with ETA to verify that adequate concealed conduits have been included.
Telephone conduits shall be thermoplastic conduit for recessed installation.
14156 BELL SYSTEM
Bell system with buzzer and call indicator panel of specified number for flush installation,
including bell transformer 220/8V.
14157 LIGHT FIXTURES
Light fittings and fixtures shall be approved type and be installed as indicated on the drawings and
the Bill.
Tungsten filament lamps shall be of the general service type and coiled coil pattern in applicable
size where lamps are visible under normal viewing conditions, they shall be of the Argenta K (pear)
lamp types.
All fluorescent lamps shall be of the bright white color, temperature around 4000K (Philips TL-33)
or equal which combines well with daylight.
The reference number for light fittings as indicated on the drawings and schedules shall be strictly
adhered to.
14160 SUNDRY ITEMS
14161 POLES
Galvanized or mild circular steel pipes painted with aluminum paint shall be constructed and
erected in accordance with the detail drawings for street lighting. C-25 concrete shall be used for
anchoring the poles.
14162 EARTHING
The installation of the earthing system shall be in accordance with D of EEPCO regulations. The
Sub-Contractor shall supply, install and connect all necessary conductors, clamps, connectors,
terminals etc., for an efficient earthing system.
The entire electrical installation together with the armouring or metallic sheathing of all cables shall
be electrically continuous throughout forming a completely bonded earth system.
The Contractor shall ensure that every complete earth loop circuit comprising conduits, cable
sheaths, core conductors etc. shall have an impedance value not exceeding that laid down in the
latest edition of EEPCO Regulations.
14163 LIGHTNING PROTECTION SYSTEM
The Contractor shall supply and install lightning protection system complying with EEPCO
regulations for the protection of structures against lightning.
Payment for electrical works shall be at the unit prices shown in the Tender Form. The unit prices
shall include supply and installation and all work incidental thereto.
15000 BOREHOLE DRILLING

15010 DRILLING WORK PLAN
The work plan detailing the location and number of boreholes to be drilled is to be provided to the
Contractor by the Client at the commencement of the contract and at intervals thereafter. The work
plan can only be revised by the Consultant and all revisions must be in writing.
The Contractor shall drill the boreholes at exactly the prescribed site as indicated or marked by the
Consultant/Client in the work plan without any deviations. Final drilling site locations must be
measured, recorded and confirmed by GPS using decimal latitude and longitude format coordinates
and confirmed at the drilling site by either GPS or the direction of the Consultant. If there is any
doubt about accuracy of the proposed drilling location the Contractor shall contact the Consultant
or Client’s representative.
15020 DRILLING PERSONNEL
The Contractor shall provide recorded experience of his/her personnel who have been working on
deep water well drilling activities to be deployed on the drilling work under the contract.
The Contractor shall deploy an experienced drilling supervisor to oversee the drilling and testing to
be carried out under this contract. The resume of the supervisor shall be included in the tender.
The Contractor shall maintain a full drilling crew quits for personal reasons or must leave because
of illness or injury, the Contractor shall replace with in a maximum of seven (7) days him as soon
as possible with a worker of similar or better experience.
If the Engineer is dissatisfied with the performance of members of the crew, such members shall be
informed of their shortcomings and warned. If no change results with reasonable period, the
Contractor will be notified and requested to replace the unsatisfactory crew in general or partly who
have weak performance.
In the case of absence of one or more member of the drilling crew, the decision of whether to
proceed with the drilling operation or not will be at the discretion of the Engineer, representative of
the Client.
15030 MACHINERY AND MATERIAL
Provision of the required drilling rig with all accessories is the responsibility of the Contractor.
The responsibility for the timely provision of all materials for well drilling including, but not
limited to, the following items shall be of the Contractor executing the work.:
 fuel,  surface casing,
 motor oil,  PVC production casing,
 hydraulic oil,  PVC screen, PVC sand collector pipe,
 gravel (for gravel pack),  PVC casing end caps,
 clay (for clay pellet seal) cement,  PVC glue (if required),
 grease (lithium and copper),  bentonite clay,
 rock drill oil,  polymer mud additive, and
 liquid foam,  surface protection casing;
15031 ERECTION AND DISMANTLING
Erection of machinery and equipment at the boring site comprises the ready to work installation
required so that drilling, development, test pumping, casing, sampling, and any other required
operations may proceed without interruption. Erection must be carried out while taking care to
avoid all above-ground and below-ground hazards. Hazards to erection may include, but are not
limited to:
 Overhead wires and cables,
 overhanging vegetation,
 overhanging parts of buildings,
 underground facilities for water, sewerage, electricity, or fuel.
Dismantling includes removal of all machinery, equipment, stores and other materials and
cleaning and restoration of the site. Restoration may include, but is not limited to:
 reconstruction of facilities,
 buildings or roading removed to facilitate drilling.
15040 DRILLING SITE ACCESS
Tracks required for access of drilling rig, accessories and staff to the borehole sites and any
earthworks required for safe and efficient operation at the borehole sites, shall be made by the
Contractor and shall as little as possible interfere with existing fences and cultivated land.
Where possible the Agency is to obtain verbal approval or agreement from landClients prior to
carrying out any earthworks.
Where there is any dispute about the Clientship of land at the selected location of a borehole
the resolution of location or cancellation of drilling must be decided with the cooperation of
Client/Engineer staff and the community in which the borehole is to be drilled.
The Contractor will be responsible for visitor management at the drilling site, including the
safety of authorized visitors to the site. Safety provisions should be made at the site to minimize
unexpected accident and injury to both Agency staff and site visitors.
15050 ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION OF THE SITE
Care must be taken in the handling and storage of all drilling fluids, oils, greases and fuel on site
to avoid any environmental degradation. The Agency shall dispose of any toxic materials,
drilling fluid and other additives, cuttings and discharged water in a manner approved by
Engineer in order to limit damage to public and private property.
Drilling fluid pits are to be backfilled with the originally excavated earth after use. On
completion of each borehole the site must be left clean and free from all debris, hydrocarbons
and waste, to the satisfaction of the Engineer.
15060 WATER SUPPLY FOR THE DRILLING RIG
The Contractor will be responsible for the drilling site water supply. Clean water must be used
for all borehole drilling activities and/or developing of boreholes. Clear water must either come
from an approved water supply or has to be checked and agreed by the assigned Engineer staff.
The Contractor shall examine the local conditions to inform himself about the local water
supply possibilities and if in doubt about water supply suitability shall transport water from the
nearest suitable supply.
15070 DRILLING METHODS
The Contractor shall use drilling methods which do not endanger the permeability of the
aquifer. PAT drilling rigs are capable of down-the-hole hammer (DTH) or direct flush rotary
mud drilling. Where possible, drilling using only water as a drilling fluid should be employed.
When applying rotary mud-flush drilling, the Contractor may use a self destructive polymer
drilling mud if approved by the Engineer. The use of bentonite as a drilling mud product is not
recommended unless and otherwise conditions forced to do so. When applying DTH methods
the use of rock drill oil for hammer lubrication or liquid foam for drilling approved by the
Engineer is permitted.
Lithium or copper greases must be used in accordance with the manufacturers specification. No
other grease may be used on the drilling rig unless approved by the manufacturers specification
or approved in writing by the Engineer.
15080 SEDIMENT FORMATION SANITARY SEAL
For the sediment formation, the casing string (comprising the permanent casing, the screen, the
“sand collector pipe” and the bottom plug) shall be installed into the borehole so that the bottom
of the screen is installed at approximately the same level as the bottom of the water-bearing
strata. Only one water-bearing strata is to be screened in each borehole, unless more than 6 thin
water-bearing strata are found over a vertical interval of less than 12 meters.
The Contractor will ensure that each borehole in the sediment formation is drilled to at least 3m
deeper than the water-bearing strata that will be screened. Once the casing string has been
installed in the borehole to the desired position gravel pack shall be placed around the screen
carefully to avoid bridging and separation of the different grain sizes.
15090 DRILLING DEPTH AND DIAMETER
Average borehole depth is likely to vary from location to location and is not a contract
specification. However, at certain locations the Client may require in writing that the Contractor
drill to at least a determined minimum depth although water-bearing strata may be present at
shallower depths.
The drilling diameter for sediment formation or hard rock formation selected by the Contractor
must be sufficient to allow the installation of casing and screen with a nominal diameter of
145mm with associated grout or sanitary seal.
The depth of each borehole will be measured from ground surface to the bottom of the hole.
Drilling in hard rock formation will be to at least 1 meters into the hard rock strata for
installation of casing and to a depth at which water production is sufficient. Drilling in sediment
formation will be to at least 3 meters below the water-bearing strata that will be screened.
The Client will not be liable to pay for any depth of drilled hole backfilled by the Agency, unless
this has been instructed by the Engineer.
15100 GRAVEL PACKING
The gravel pack must be placed in the annular space between the casing hole starting from
bottom up wards, up to the level determined by the Engineer depending on the static water
level.
To avoid bridging of the gravel, which may lead to severe damages to the casing and to the Bore
hole wall, it is forbidden to fell-in the gravel by mechanized equipment and the gravel pack
material must be mixed with clean water. The gravel must be filled-in by hand, using shovels
before and during pulling out of the casing.
Filling will proceed slowly and carefully during well development. The correct placing of gravel
will have to be controlled by continuous recording of the volume of gravel consumed and by
repeated measurement of the level of packing.
In case if the well has a circulation loss and/or difficulties to estimate the well yield by air
compressor or by bailing test method, a provisional test will be taken prior to gravel pack to
confirm well productivity. The duration for this provisional test will be fixed by the Engineer
representative.
The Contractor shall ensure that material used to construct the gravel pack around the screen in
sediment formation shall consist of round, clean gravel, that is strong when it is wet or dry. Less
than 10% of the gravel in the gravel pack shall be smaller than 2 mm diameter, and less than
10% shall be bigger than 4 mm diameter and no gravel may be larger than 8mm diameter. When
the gravel is washed the washing water must be clear after washing. The gravel must not contain
any organic material.
Gravel pack installation shall be carried out as a continuous feed operation. The Contractor shall
make every effort to obtain a well-settled uniform gravel pack around the screen.
The gravel pack shall rise a minimum of 2m above the top of the screen. The final depth from
ground surface to the top of the gravel pack must be measured and recorded.
The annular space between the casing and the borehole above the gravel pack shall be filled
with at least 3 vertical meters of clay pellets of less than two centimeter diameter (<2 cm) or
with bentonite pellets if they are available. The final depth from ground surface to the top of the
clay pellet sealing layer (or bentonite pellets) must be measured and recorded.
The remaining annular space from the top of the clay pellet sealing layer (or bentonite pellets)
up to three (3) meters below the ground surface shall be filled with inert material (sand, gravel
or drill cuttings). Surface soil shall not be used for backfilling.
15010 WELL CASINGS MATERIALS AND INSTALLATION PROCEDURES
Appropriate supervisor will be designated for the client for permanent casing and screen
installation and material approval.
Permanent casing and screen shall only be installed upon written instruction from the Approving
Authority.
Steel Casing and screens

If casing material to be used are of steel type the specification shall be as follows:
o Mild steel production pipes with OD 12 ¼” for surface casing and ID 6” for well casing
shall be used. The steel pipes must conform international standard. All materials shall be
new and supplied by the Contractor for installation.
o Casings (Blind and screen) shall be joined by threaded and coupled joints. The male and
female joints must have thread protectors. If welding process should be done, it must be
carried out by following standardized procedures all welds must be fully penetrating .
Care must be taken to avoid burn-troughs that could hinder the movement of tools inside
the well.
Physical parameters and dimensions of casings should be
Diameter = OD 6 5/8”, ID 6”
Wall thickness = 7.10mm
Weight = 28.23kg/m
Collapse strength = 2286psi
Mild steel well screen with continuous slot having slot proportion of 12-15% shall be used to
provide maximum inlet area consistent with strength required. The screen should provide a
maximum open area with 2-3mm slot opening size. Use of locally perforated screen is strictly
forbidden. Factory perforated screen must be used.
PVC Casing and screens
The Engineer shall certify the quality of the PVC casing used by the Contractor. Should the
Contractor wish to change the material or the quality of material used for permanent casing in
any well, written permission from the Engineer must be obtained.
The permanent casing shall be of rigid PVC. Screens shall be of rigid PVC, with 0.3-1 mm
horizontal slot. s of the screen shall be provided in maximum 6 meters length. The permanent
casing and screen shall be 145 mm inner diameter, and shall have a minimum resistance to
pressure of 10bars.
The final depth at which the screen will be installed shall be determined on the basis of the
nature and thickness of the water-bearing strata and geophysical logging results.
A 3 meter length of unslotted PVC casing and a bottom plug shall be installed below the screen
in each borehole as a sand collector pipe.
Where possible PVC permanent casing and PVC screen will be joined using flush-fit, screw
fittings. Where flush-fit, screw fittings cannot be sourced, glue-jointed PVC may be used if
Collectively the permanent casing, the screen, the “sand collector pipe” and the bottom plug
shall be called the “casing string”. The PVC casing string (casing, screen, sand collector pipe
and bottom plug) shall be joined and the joints shall be secure and watertight.
For hard rock formation, the permanent PVC casing is to be installed to the bottom of the
borehole, and must be installed at least one (1) meter down into the top of the hard rock layer.
15120 CEMENT GROUTING
Cement grouting shall be carried out in one continuous operation before initial setting of the
cement occurs. The Contractor shall advise the Engineer at the start of the drilling operation the
method he intends to employ for grouting. Regardless of the method used, the grout shall be
introduced at the bottom of the space to be grouted. In no circumstance will this be less than 5m
below the well head. The method proposed by the contractor will be changed or modified if and as
required to suit the local conditions. No further works shall be done on the well until the grout has
firmly set. Grouting shall be taken after pumping test is finalized.
The annular space between Bore hole and wall of the casing shall be grouted with mixture of
cement and water slurry by a pour-in method from the top.
The annular space between the casing and the borehole wall in hard rock for a distance of at
least 1.0 meter upwards from the bottom of the borehole shall be filled with cement grout. The
casing should be installed to the bottom of the borehole to prevent cement flowing from the
annular space into the casing.
If hard rock is encountered at less than nine (9) meters below ground surface, then the
Contractor will drill to a total depth of ten (10) meters below ground and install the permanent
PVC casing at a depth of 10 meters and fill the annular space from the bottom of the borehole to
the surface with cement grout.
Filling of the annular space should be conducted by inserting a small diameter (<40mm outside
diameter) pipe down the annular space and installing the cement grout. The small diameter pipe
shall then be removed. The process of drilling further into the hard rock formation can be
continued after waiting for at least 12 hours or overnight to let cement grout hard.
The minimum quantity of cement grout installed shall consist of a mix with a ratio of twenty-
two (22) litres of water mixed with 40kg of cement. Where the Engineer considers this amount
of grout may be insufficient to provide a satisfactory sanitary seal between the hard rock
formation and the casing, additional cement grout may be installed mixed at the same ratio.
The remaining annular space from the top of the cement grout up to three (3) meters below the
ground surface shall be filled with inert material (sand, gravel or drill cutting). Surface soil shall
not be used for backfilling.
15130 FORMATION SAMPLING DURING DRILLING
The Contractor will ensure that representative continuous samples of the strata penetrated shall
be collected for each change in color or texture and at one (1) drill pipe intervals 3m whichever
is shorter and by whatever method is standard for the drilling technique in use and approved by
the Engineer.
The Contractor shall describe the samples and record the depth of the sample and its description
including details such as the color (eg: light yellow brown), texture (eg: soft, plastic), grain
size(s) (eg: clay) using a consistent format and description..
The Contractor shall take every possible precaution to guard against sample contamination by
other materials or activities at the drilling rig prior to and during sample description. Samples
must not be washed. The samples shall be stored in open boxes with depth indication and
displayed near drilling rig.
The samples may be disposed of after recording of the sample data onto the Borehole Log Sheet
and after casing and/or screen installation has been approved by the Engineer.
15140 WELL HEAD COMPLETION AND PROTECTION
Each Productive Bore hole must be completed by constructing well heads around the casing.
The well head shall be contracted as shown in drawings.
The Contractor shall fill the final five meters (or any other depth as directed by the Engineer) of
empty volume in the annular space to the surface with cement grout mixed at a ratio of 20 litres
of water mixed with one sack of cement. A concrete surface pad at least 200mm thick and of at
least 500mm x 750mm size shall be installed at the surface. The Contractor shall inscribe in the
cement pad the date finished, the borehole depth, the depth to the top of screen (if used), static
water level; in the following format:
Date Day/Month/Year eg: 01-Jan-2013

Depth ____m
Screen ____m
SWL _____m
The Contractor will install a sealable or lockable steel surface protector of diameter at least
50mm greater than the PVC casing around the PVC casing and seal it into the cement grout in
the annular space and the concrete surface pad.
The Contractor shall be responsible for any objectionable materials that may fall into the
borehole and any effect it may have on water quality or quantity until completion of the works
and acceptance by the Client. In case the borehole is left unattended it should be closed by a
lockable cap.
OR
The concrete well head in C.25 with dimensions of (0.5X0.5X0.2) meters and bedded 0.75 m
below ground surface should be bolted with and indestructible and un removable metallic
topographical reference mark plate on which the number of the well must be electrically
welded.
The protruding casing must be extended about 0.7 m above the ground surface and must be
sealed with a suitable cap to prevent any unauthorized opening.
The ground surface around the top of casing should slope away from the well head in all
direction to prevent ponding of water around well casing.
In rock aquifers the well head provides the support from which the well casing is hung. It also
includes the base on which pumps could be mounted in future. A blind flange shall be bolted to
the well head to protect the well until such time as the pump is installed.
15150 DEVELOPMENT AND CLEANING OF BOREHOLES
The term well development in this agreement means the work carried out after completion of
the construction of a well and prior to test pumping. The objective of development is to improve
well performance to increase well capacity and to reduce to and acceptable level the amount of
sediment contained after testing.
Development and cleaning of the boreholes shall be carried out by the Contractor upon
completion of the drilling and installation of casing, prior to water level measurement. This will
remove the native silts, clays and drilling fluid residues deposited on the borehole wall and
adjacent portions of the aquifer during the drilling process.
If organic drilling fluids are used, they shall be broken down chemically according to the
manufacturer’s recommendations before or during development. Cleaning shall be carried out
by appropriate methods which may include: airlift pumping, surging, backwashing or jetting.
The method used at each borehole shall be recorded.
Development of boreholes shall be effective from the depth at which water is encountered to the
bottom of the borehole. Upon completion of development, any accumulation of material shall
be removed from the bottom of the borehole by airlifting. The development shall continue for at
least 2 hours and/or until the water pumped out contains less than one water bottle cap (<10
grams) of sand sized particles per 20 litre water sample. A 20 litre sample shall be collected
after 2 hours of development and shall be allowed to settle for not less than 5 minutes. After the
water has been tipped away, the average volume of sand size grains in the sample shall not
exceed 10 grams. If the borehole continues to produce higher concentrations of sand than 10
grams per 20 litre sample, development shall continue and measurements of sand concentration
should be carried out at half hour intervals. If development does not produce low sand
concentrations after 6 hours development will cease and the Contractor shall contact the
Engineer for further advice.
In Case of a well completed in a granular aquifer and completed with a continuous slot well
screen, well development may involve surging with and appropriate size surge block in the
casing and /or in the well screen. In some cases bailing of the well may be sufficient to complete
development usually consists of bailing to remove sediment and rock fragments which are
brought into the well with the water. However, development will continue with the pumps
installed for running the pumping tests. The tests will not commence unless the Employer’s
Engineer Representative will decide that the water is clean and the well ready for testing.
After drilling and cleaning, wells should be disinfected to make sure that no bacteria, viruses
and other pollutants are remaining in the well which may have entered the well during drilling.
15160 WATER LEVEL MEASUREMENT
The Contractor shall measure and record the following water level parameters using a precise
electric water level meter (accurate to ± 0.5 cm) in each borehole completed with casing:
o Static water level (water level inside the casing at least 4 hours but preferable the
following day after development).
o Dynamic water level at a pumping discharge rate recommended after 30 minutes of
constant rate pumping using an electrical submersible pump.
Water level shall be measured relative to the top of the PVC casing above the ground and then
the height of the PVC casing above the ground subtracted to give Static/Dynamic water level
measurement relative to ground level (meters below ground level).
15170 DEFICIENCIES AND REJECTION OF WORK
Upon completion of all drilling operations, installation of casing and screens, development
works and water level measurement but prior to dismantling and demobilization, the Client or
an authorized representative will inspect the borehole. The Client shall have the right to reject
the work of the Contractor, totally or partially. Boreholes may be rejected:
a) If drilling machines are not placed at the exact sites required (given as GPS coordinates
or by direction of the Engineer).
b) If the borehole is closed by mud, by debris which has fallen into it, by broken rods or
other equipment which cannot be extracted, etc, so that further planned work in the
borehole cannot be carried out.
c) If casings or screens have not been installed in the correct way, and to the correct depth
(allowed variation: ±0.5 m) or as directed by the Client.
d) If the borehole after development does not meet the requirement stipulated under
“Development and cleaning of boreholes”.
Boreholes which are rejected and boreholes where the rejected portion of the work cannot be
replaced shall be backfilled to the surface by the Contractor.
In the event of a rejected borehole, the Contractor shall either construct a borehole immediately
adjacent to the rejected borehole (less than 10 meters distance), or construct a borehole at
another site near to that location indicated by the Engineer or move to the next drilling site as
instructed.
15180 PLUMBNESS AND ALIGNMENT
Upon completion of drilling or at any other time requested by the Employer’s Engineer
Representative, the Bore hole shall be tested for verticality using the standard plumb bob test
method.
Also, at any time requested in writing by the Employer’s Engineer Representative, the
alignment may be checked by running a dummy down the casing. The dummy shall consist of a
cylinder 10 m in length with a diameter 20 mm less than the well casing. The dummy must pass
freely through the entire length of the cased Bore hole.
The Contractor may also conduct these and any other tests he may deem necessary to satisfy
himself that the Bore hole is being drilled plumb and straight. These tests shall be made entirely
at the Contractor’s own expense.
15190 WATER SAMPLING

For all productive wells water quality test will be conducted prior the installation of casings and
water samples will be collected after disinfecting of the well during drilling or testing on site.
The contractor shall supply analytical equipment. Water sample consists of 2 liters capacity and
one in a glass or suitable plastic container of 1 liter capacity. Water samples should be clearly
marked showing name and number of well, date of sampling, hour of sampling, temperature of
water during sampling and signature of person taking the sample. The sampling process shall be
supervised and approved by the Employer’s Engineer.
Samples will be stored in a cool place and delivered within less than 24 hours to the laboratory
or to the Engineers Representative.
15200 PUMPING TEST

The Contractor shall supply an electric power driven pumps with appropriate electric generating
sets to conduct the pumping test. The pumps shall be capable of being throttled by value or
speed control or any other means of adjustment to discharge down to a minimum of 2 lit/s.
Electric submersible pumps shall be preferred; engine line shaft pumps shall be accepted. The
contractor shall have one set of pump which can be fitted into 6 inch casing and discharge 5-10
lit/s from 80m head (excluding head loss).
Static Water Level shall be recorded prior to start RIH the pump. A step test plus recovery shall
be run in order to identify the borehole characteristics. A minimum of three steps shall be run,
with increasing yield. The actual number of steps and their duration shall be determined by the
Engineer during the test. Recovery shall also be recorded until a least 95% of the original SWL
is attained.
If the pump testing shows that a well has sufficient capacity to be of interest, pump testing shall
be carried out. The discharge/yield to which the Constant rate test to be carried out shall be
fixed by the Engineer. Pump tests are likely to be between 24 hrs and 2 hrs in length. The
duration of the pumping test shall be determined by the Engineer representative during the test
on the basis of the measurements made and his analysis thereof. The pump test shall be
terminated only upon the written notice of the Engineer. Where available, existing boreholes
will be used as observation wells during test. If pumping will stop during testing for more than
2% of the total pumping time, the test shall start from the beginning, after recovery of the initial
SWL
Water level recovery observation are particularly important, especially the latter stages. In some
cases the recovery may take several days. Recovery shall be recorded until at least 95% of the
original SWL.
The equipment and crew shall be capable of performing a continuous test for up to 72 hours if
required and shall include all necessary tools and equipment to carry out a pump test with
accurate measurement of water flow and water level in the well.
For measurement of water levels in wells, electric water level indicators with 0.01 m accuracy
shall be used. The contractor shall have at least two water level indicators on the site. A metal or
plastic tube shall be installed with the pump to permit water level observations to be made with
the electric indicator.
Flow measurements shall be made by means of a standard circular orifice on standard size pipe,
or by a v-notch in combination with timing the filling of a container of known volume. If the
latter method is used, the container shall be large enough so that the flow of testing is not less
than 30 seconds.
The pumped water during pumping test should not be allowed to form pools so as to avoid re
infiltration in the vicinity of the wells. The water should be disposed of by means of discharge
pipes towards a nearby natural drain over a distance of at least 100 m downstream from the well
being pumped.
15210 OBSERVATION PIPE INSTALLATION
Water level observation galvanized pipe should be installed in the annulus of each of well to be
drilled. Galvanized pipes of ¾” diameter shall be furnished by the contractor. The pipe should
be closed at the bottom by a plug. The observation line should reach approximately as deep as
the screens of the well. Slotted intervals of abut 2m length should be 2m above the lower end of
the pipe. The upper most slotted should be about 10m below the static water level.
If observation pipe screens are made by hand, slots may be cut with a hack saw. Slots may be
arranged on two opposite sides, in an alternating manner, the slot spacing on each side being
about 2-3 cm apart. Care should be taken that the slots are clean and without cutting residues.
Drilled holes or torch-cut slots are not permitted.
The observation pipe shall be installed on the outside of the casing and screen column before
applying the gravel pack, if practiced.
It must under all circumstances be installed in a rectilinear way to allow the free passing of
probes. Non-compliance with this requirement entitles the Client/the Engineer not to accept the
well.
15220 DOCUMENTATION
Worksheets for each drilling rig and each pumping test unit will be prepared in duplicate in
English by the Contractor’s Representative for each shift. The completed worksheet will be
signed by the contractor’s Representative and the Engineer’s Representative. The original will
be retained by the Engineer Representative. The worksheets will contain the following
information:
a) Drilling Rig
o The location of the drill site
o Make model, type & size of drilling rig
o Type of work performed and number of hours on each type of work
o Names of all crew members.
o Size of hole and number of meters drilled
o Log of soils penetrated
o Length and size of casing installed
o Length and size of screen installed
o Length and size of observation pipe installed
o Any problems encountered
o The result of bail tests or other tests carried out
o Total standby time to the nearest minute.
b) Test Pumping Unit

o Location
o Make, model and capacity of test pump
o Type of work performed and number of hours on each type of work
o Names of all crew members
o Test pump setting
o Size of test pump column
o Total test pumping time in minutes (Total time must agree with pumping test data sheet).
o Total standby time to the nearest minute.
c) Pump Test Data

The pumping data shall be recorded on prepared sheets in the English language. The data sheets
prepared in triplicate shall include the following information.
o The location of the well tested
o The physical characteristic of the well in including depth, diameter, size and length of
casing, screen setting and length of screen.
o Characteristics of the test-pump
o Depth of setting of the test pump in meters.
o Date and time of start and finish of pumping test.
o Static water level at commencement of test, dynamic water levels and discharge rates at
prescribed time intervals.
o Draw dawn recovery after pumping is completed
o Date and time of start of removal of test pump from the Bore hole.

12 DD Technical Specification For Ciil Works

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12 DD Technical Specification For Ciil Works

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FEDERAL DEMOCRATIC REPUBLIC OF ETHIOPIA

DIRE DAWA ADMINISTRATION COUNCIL

DIRE DAWA CITY WATER SUPPLY & SEWERAGE AUTHORITY (DDWSSA)

DIREDAWA WATER SUPPLY & SANITATION PROJECT

TECHNICAL SPECIFICATION AND BILL OF QUANTITIES

PART - I TECHNICAL SPECIFICATION

0102 Description Project Units

0300 MEASUREMENTS AND PAYMENT

0320 PAYMENT INCLUDED

0420 CO-ORDINATION WITH ELECTRICAL POWER UTILITY

0430 CO-ORDINATION WITH OVERSEAS SUPPLY CONTRACTORS

0440 CO-ORDINATION WITH THE ELECTRICAL & MECHANICAL CONTRACTOR

0500 REGULATORY REQUIREMENTS

0510 BRIDGE AND HIGHWAY CROSSINGS

0520 POWER LINE CROSSING

0530 WORK IN VICINITY OF OVERHEAD POWER LINES

0540 CONSTRUCTION SAFETY REQUIREMENTS

0600 ABBREVIATIONS AND SYMBOLS

MMA Millwork Manufacturers Association

0700 PROVISIONAL SUMS

0800 UTILITIES AND SERVICES

0810 MAINTENANCE OF UTILITY SERVICES

0820 TEMPORARY TELEPHONE, WATER, POWER, AND LIGHT

0830 SANITARY REQUIREMENTS

0840 BARRICADES AND ENCLOSURES

08410 MATERIAL STORAGE YARD & JOB SITES

0850 ACCESS ROADS AND PARKING AREAS

0860 TEMPORARY CONTROLS

08610 SURFACE WATER CONTROL

08620 EROSION AND SEDIMENT CONTROL

08630 DUST CONTROL

08640 WORKS ADJACENT TO WATERWAYS

Temporary crossings shall be designed and constructed to minimize erosion to waterways.

08650 CONSTRUCTION CLEANING

08660 DISPOSAL OF WASTES

08670 MATERIALS TO BE SALVAGED

0870 TRAFFIC REGULATIONS

08710 TRAFFIC CONTROL

0880 PROJECT IDENTIFICATION AND SIGNS

08810 CONSTRUCTION SIGNS

08814 Signs shall be removed upon completion of the project.

0890 MEASUREMENT AND PAYMENT

08100 FIELD OFFICES AND SHEDS

08120 TEMPORARY BUILDINGS

08130 FIRST AID

The Contractor shall be responsible for:

11741 Providing all buildings, fencing, etc., that he may require.

11800 MATERIAL AND EQUIPMENT

1. Name and address of manufacturer.

11820 HANDLING AND STORAGE OF MATERIALS

11830 SPECIAL TOOLS AND MATERIALS

11900 CONTRACT CLOSEOUT

11910 AS-BUILT DRAWINGS

11920 OPERATING AND MAINTENANCE DATA

11930 SPARE PARTS

11940 FINAL CLEANING

11950 EASEMENT AND RIGHT-OF-WAY RELEASES

0710 SHOP DRAWINGS

The approval procedure shall be agreed upon with the Engineer.

0800 QUALITY CONTROL

0810 TESTING LABORATORY SERVICES DURING CONSTRUCTION

0820 TESTING LABORATORY EQUIPMENT

0830 INDEPENDENT TESTING SERVICES