Chapter 5

3- 1
Shear Diagram & Moment Diagram

- a review -

3- 2
Classification of Beam Supports

5-3
 Moment and Shear Diagrams
3- 4
3- 5
V = RA – P = - RB

3- 6
3- 7
3- 8
3- 10
3- 11
3- 12
3- 13
Homework Problems

5.7
5.16
5.25
5.31
 Relations Among Load, Shear, and Bending
Moment
• Relationship between load and shear:
 Fy  0 : V  V  V   w x  0
V   w x
dV
 w
dx
xD

VD  VC    w dx
xC

 (area under load curve between C and D )

• Relationship between shear and bending
moment:
 M C  0 : M  M   M  V x  wx x  0
2
M  V x  12 w x 2

dM
V
dx
xD
Fig. 5.9 (a) Simply supported beam subjected to a
distributed load, with a small element between C
M D  MC   V dx
xC
and C’, (b) Free-body diagram of the element.
 area under shear curve between C and D
5 - 15
3- 16
3- 17
 Sample Problem 5.3
SOLUTION:
• Taking the entire beam as a free body,
determine the reactions at A and D.

• Apply the relationship between shear and

load to develop the shear diagram.

Draw the shear and bending • Apply the relationship between bending
moment diagrams for the beam moment and shear to develop the bending
and loading shown. moment diagram.

5 - 18
Sample Problem 5.3

SOLUTION:
• Taking the entire beam as a free body,
determine the reactions at A and D.
M A 0
0  D24 ft   20 kips6 ft   12 kips14 ft   12 kips28 ft 
D  26 kips 
F y 0
0  Ay  20 kips  12 kips  26 kips  12 kips
Ay  18 kips 

• Apply the relationship between shear and load to

develop the shear diagram.
dV
 w dV   w dx
dx
- zero slope between concentrated loads
- linear variation over uniform load segment
5 - 19
Sample Problem 5.3
• Apply the relationship between bending
moment and shear to develop the bending
moment diagram.
dM
V dM  V dx
dx
- bending moment at A and E is zero
- bending moment variation between A, B,
C and D is linear
- bending moment variation between D
and E is quadratic
- net change in bending moment is equal to
areas under shear distribution segments
- total of all bending moment changes across
the beam should be zero

5 - 20
Homework Problems
Homework Problems

5.41
5.46
5.61
5.64
Design of Prismatic Beams for Bending
• The largest normal stress is found at the surface where the
maximum bending moment occurs.
M max c M max
m  
I S

• A safe design requires that the maximum normal stress be

less than the allowable stress for the material used. This
criteria leads to the determination of the minimum
acceptable section modulus.
 m   all
M max
S min 
 all

• Among beam section choices which have an acceptable

section modulus, the one with the smallest weight per unit
length or cross sectional area will be the least expensive
and the best choice.
5 - 22
 Sample Problem 5.8
A 5-m-long simply supported steel
beam AD is to carry the distributed
and concentrated loads shown.
Knowing that the allowable normal
stress for the grade of steel to be used
is 160 MPa, select the wide-flange
shape that should be used.
SOLUTION:
• Considering the entire beam as a free-
body, determine the reactions at A and
D.
• Develop the shear diagram for the
beam and load distribution. From the
diagram, determine the maximum
bending moment.
• Determine the minimum acceptable
beam section modulus. Choose the
best standard section which meets this
criteria.
5 - 23
 Sample Problem 5.8
• Considering the entire beam as a free-body,
determine the reactions at A and D.
M A  0  D5 m   60 kN 1.5 m   50 kN 4 m 
D  58.0 kN 
F y  0  Ay  58.0 kN  60 kN  50 kN
Ay  52.0 kN 

• Develop the shear diagram and determine the

maximum bending moment.
V A  Ay  52.0 kN
VB  V A  area under load curve  60 kN
VB  8 kN

• Maximum bending moment occurs at

V = 0 or x = 2.6 m.
M max  area under shear curve, A to E 
Fig. 1 A beam free-body diagram and
associated shear diagram.  67.6 kN
5 - 24
 Sample Problem 5.8
• Determine the minimum acceptable beam
section modulus.
M max 67.6 kN  m
S min  
 all 160 MPa
 422.5 10 6 m3  422.5 103 mm3

• Choose the best standard section which meets

Shape S  103 mm3
this criteria. (Appendix C)
W410  38.8 637
W360  32.9 474 W 360 32.9 (lightest, i.e., smallest cross-sectional area )
W310  38.7 549
W250  44.8 535
W200  46.1 448
Lightest shapes in each depth group that
provide the required section modulus

5 - 25
Homework Problems

5.69
5.71