Lecture Notes 13-1

LECTURE NOTES 13
PUMP SELECTION AND APPLICATION
• Pumps are used to deliver liquids

through piping systems as shown in Fig.
13.1.
• They must deliver the desired volume
flow rate of fluid while developing the
required total dynamic head ha created
by elevation changes, differences in
the pressure heads and velocity
heads, and all energy losses in the
system.
• Total Head on a Pump:
• We will call this value of ha the total

head on the pump. Some pump
manufacturers refer to this as the total
dynamic head(TDH).
• Power Delivered by a Pump to the Fluid: There are many types of pumps described
in this notes:
a. Centrifugal pumps for general
transfer of fluids from a source to a
In Lecture Notes 07 to use the efficiency of
destination.
the pump eM to determine the power input
to the pump P1. b. Positive displacement pumps for
fluid power systems that may require
• Pump Efficiency:
very high pressures.
c. Diaphragm pumps that may be used
to pump unwanted water from a
• Power Input to a Pump: construction site.
d. Jet pumps that provide drinking water
to a farm home from a well.
e. Progressive cavity pump used to
deliver heavy, viscous fluids to a
materials processing system and
others.
After completing this notes, you should be 9. Describe the typical performance
able to: curve for rotary positive-displacement
1. List the parameters involved in pump pumps.
selection. 10. Describe the typical performance
2. List the types of information that must curve for centrifugal pumps.
be specified for a given pump. 11. State the affinity laws for centrifugal
3. Describe the basic pump pumps as they relate to the rela
classifications. tionships among speed, impeller
4. List six types of rotary positive-
diameter, capacity, total head
displacement pumps. capability, and power required to drive
the pump.
5. List three types of reciprocating
positive-displacement pumps. 12. Describe how the operating point of a
pump is related to the system
6. List three types of kinetic pumps.
resistance curve(SRC).
7. Describe the main features of 13. Define the net positive suction head
centrifugal pumps. required (NPSHR) for a pump and
8. Describe deep-well jet pumps and discuss its significance in pump
shallow-well jet pumps. performance.
14. Describe the importance of the vapor 19. Describe the features of a desirable
pressure of the fluid in relation to the suction line design.
NPSH. 20. Describe the features of a desirable
15. Compute the NPSH available(NPSHA) discharge line design.
for a given suction line design and a 21. Consider the life cycle cost(LCC) for
given fluid. the pump, the entire system cost, and
16. Define the specific speed for a the operating cost over time, not just
centrifugal pump and discuss its the acquisition price of the pump itself.
relationship to pump selection.
17. Describe the effect of increased
viscosity on the performance of
centrifugal pumps.
18. Describe the performance of parallel
pumps and pumps connected in
series.
PARAMETERS INVOLVED IN PUMP SELECTION
When selecting a pump for a particular 8. Space, weight, and position limitations.
application, the following factors must be 9. Environmental conditions, governing
considered: codes, and standards.
1. The nature of the liquid to be pumped. 10. Cost of pump purchase and
2. The required capacity(volume flow installation.
rate). 11. Cost of pump operation.
3. The conditions on the suction(inlet) 12. The total LCC for the pumping system.
side of the pump.
4. The conditions on the discharge(outlet)
side of the pump.
5. The total head on the pump(the term
ha from the energy equation).
6. The type of system to which the pump
is delivering the fluid.
7. The type of power source(electric
motor, diesel engine, steam turbine,
etc.).
PARAMETERS INVOLVED IN PUMP SELECTION
After pump selection, the following items 10. Shaft seal design and seal materials.
must be specified:
1. Type of pump and manufacturer. Pump catalogs and manufacturers
2. Size of pump. representatives supply the necessary
3. Size of suction connection and information to assist in the selection
type(flanged, screwed, etc.). and specification of pumps and
4. Size and type of discharge connection.
accessory equipment.
5. Speed of operation.
6. Specifications for driver(e.g., for an
electric motor power required, speed,
voltage, phase, frequency, frame size,
enclosure type).
7. Coupling type, manufacturer, and
model number.
8. Mounting details.
9. Special materials and accessories
required, if any.
TYPES OF PUMPS
• Pumps are typically classified as either

positive displacement or kinetic
pumps.
• Table 13.1 Classification of types of
pumps.
• Positive displacement pumps deliver
a specific volume of fluid for each
revolution of the pump shaft or each
cycle of motion of the active pumping
elements. They often produce very high
pressures at moderate volume flow
rates.
• Kinetic pumps operate by transferring
kinetic energy from a rotating element,
called an impeller, to the fluid as it
moves into and through the pump.
POSITIVE DISPLACEMENT PUMPS
Gear Pumps.
• Figure 7.2. in lecture notes 07 shows the
typical configuration of a gear pump that
is used for fluid power applications and
for delivering lubricants to specific
machinery components.
• Gear pumps develop system pressures
in the range of 1500 psi to 4000 psi
(10.3 MPa to 27.6 MPa). Delivery varies
with the size of the gears and the
rotational speed, which can be up to
4000 rpm. Deliveries from I to 50 gal/min
(4-190 L/min) are possible with different
size units.
• Advantages of gear pumps include low
pulsation of the flow, good capability for
handling high viscosity fluids, and it can
be operated in either direction
Piston Pumps for Fluid Power.

• Figure 7.3 shows an axial piston pump,
which uses a rotating swash plate that
acts like a cam to reciprocate the
pistons.
• Pressure capacity ranges up to 5000 psi
(34.5 MPa).
Vane Pumps.
• The vane pump(Fig. 13.3) consists of an
eccentric rotor containing a set of sliding
vanes that ride inside a housing..
• A cam ring in the housing controls the
radial position of the vanes.
• Typical pressure capacities are from
2000 to 4000 psi(13.8 to 27.6 MPa)
Screw Pumps.
• One disadvantage of the gear, piston,
and vane pumps is that they deliver a
pulsating flow to the output because
each functional element moves a set,
captured volume of fluid from suction to
discharge. Screw pumps do not have
this problem.
• Figure 13.3 shows a screw pump in
which the central, thread-like power
rotor meshes closely with the two idler
rotors, creating an enclosure inside the
housing that moves axially from suction
to discharge, providing a continuous
uniform flow.
• Screw pumps operate at nominally 3000
psi(20.7 MPa).
Progressing Cavity Pumps. .

• The progressing cavity pump, shown in • Flow capacities range up to 1860
Fig. 13.4, also produces a smooth, non- gal/min(7040 L/min) and pressure
pulsating flow and is used mostly for the capability is up to 900 psi(6.2 MPa).
delivery of process fluids rather than
hydraulic applications.
Lobe Pumps.
• The lobe pump(Fig. 13.5), sometimes
called a cam pump, operates in a similar
fashion to the gear pump.
• Advantages include very low pulsation of
the flow, capability of handling large
solids content and slurries, and that it is
self-priming.
Piston Pumps for Fluid Transfer.

• Piston pumps used for fluid transfer are
classified as either single-acting simplex
or double-acting duplex types as shown
in Fig. 13.6.
• In principle, these are similar to the fluid
power piston pumps, but they typically
have a larger flow capacity and operate
at lower pressures.
Diaphragm Pumps.
• In the diaphragm pump shown in Fig.
13.7, a reciprocating rod moves a
flexible diaphragm within a cavity,
alternately discharging fluid as the rod
moves to the left and drawing fluid in as
it moves to the right.
• One advantage of this type of pump is
that only the diaphragm contacts the
fluid, eliminating contamination from the
drive elements.
• Large-diaphragm pumps are used in
construction, mining, oil and gas, food
processing, chemical processing,
wastewater processing, and other
industrial applications
Peristaltic Pumps.
• Peristaltic pumps(Fig. 13.8) are unique
in that the fluid is completely captured
with in a flexible tube throughout the
pumping cycle.
• The tube is routed between a set of
rotating rollers and a fixed housing. The
rollers squeeze the tube, trapping a
given volume between adjacent rollers.
• The design effectively eliminates the
possibility of contaminating the product,
making it attractive for chemical,
medical, food processing, printing, water
treatment, industrial, and scientific
applications.
Performance Data for Positive 1. Reciprocating Pump Performance.

Displacement Pumps: • In its simplest form, the reciprocating
• The operating characteristics of positive- pump(Fig . 13.6) employs a piston that
displacement pumps make them useful draws fluid into a cylinder through an
for handling such fluids as water, intake valve as the piston draws away
hydraulic oils in fluid power systems, from the valve.
chemicals, paint, gasoline, greases, • Then, as the piston moves forward, the
adhesives, and some food products. intake valve closes and the fluid is
• In general, they are used for high pushed out through the discharge valve.
pressure applications requiring a Such a pump is called simplex, and its
relatively constant delivery curve of discharge versus time looks like
• Some disadvantages of so me designs that shown in Fig. 13.9(a).
include pulsating output, susceptibility to • The resulting intermittent delivery is
damage by solids and abrasives, and often undesirable. If the piston is double
need for a relief valve. acting or duplex, one side of the piston
delivers fluid while the other takes fluid
in, resulting in the performance curve
shown in Fig. 13.9(b).
2. Rotary Pump Performance.

• Figure 13.10 shows a typical set of
performance curves for rotary pumps such
as gear, vane, screw, and lobe pumps. It is
a plot of capacity, efficiency, and power
versus discharge pressure.
• Volumetric efficiency is a measure of the
ratio of the volume flow rate delivered by
the pump to the theoretical delivery, based
on the displacement per revolution of the
pump, times the speed of rotation. This
efficiency is usually in the range from 90
percent to 100 percent, decreasing with
increasing pressure in proportion to the
decrease in capacity.
• Overall efficiency is a measure of the
ratio of the power delivered to the fluid to
the power input to the pump. Included in
the overall efficiency is the volumetric
efficiency, the mechanical friction from
moving parts, and energy losses from the
fluid as it passes through the pump.
• Overall efficiency ranging from 80 percent
to 90 percent.
KINETIC PUMPS
• Kinetic pumps add energy to the fluid

by accelerating it through the action of a
rotating impeller.
• Figure 13.11 shows the basic
configuration of a radial flow centrifugal
pump, the most common type of kinetic
pump
KINETIC PUMPS
• Figure 13.12 shows the basic design of

radial, axial, and mixed-flow impellers.
• The propeller type of pump (axial flow)
depends on the hydrodynamic action of
the propeller blades to lift and accelerate
the fluid axially, along a path parallel to
the axis of the propeller.
KINETIC PUMPS
Jet pumps
• Jet pumps, frequently used for
household water systems, are
composed of a centrifugal pump along
with a jet or ejector assembly
• Figure 13.13 shows a typical deep-well
jet pump configuration where the main
pump and motor are located above
ground at the top of the well and the jet
assembly is down near the water level.
• Then the water is Iifted through a single
suction pipe, as shown in Fig. 13.14
KINETIC PUMPS
Small centrifugal pump

• Figure 13.16 Small centrifugal pump
with integral motor for use in appliances
and similar applications.
• Although most of the centrifugal pump
styles discussed thus far are fairly large
and have been designed for commercial
and industrial applications, small units
are available for use in small appliances
such as clothes washers and
dishwashers, fountains, machine cooling
systems, and other small-scale
products.
KINETIC PUMPS
Submersible Pumps
• Submersible pumps are designed so
the entire assembly of the centrifugal
pump, the drive motor, and the suction
and discharge apparatus can be
submerged in the fluid to be pumped.
• Figure 13.15 shows one design that has
the sealed, vertical-shaft motor integrally
mounted on top with a waterproof
electrical connection.
• These pumps are useful for removing
unwanted water from construction sites,
mines, utility manholes, industrial tanks,
waste water treatment facilities, and
shipboard cargo holds.
KINETIC PUMPS
Self-Priming Pumps
• Figure 13.17 shows one of several
styles of self-priming pumps. The
enlarged inlet chamber retains some of
the liquid inside the housing during
periods of shutdown with the action of
the check valve in the suction port.
KINETIC PUMPS
Column Pumps
• When drawing fluid from a tank, sump,
or other source with moderate depth, the
column pump like that shown in Fig.
13.8 is a useful design to consider.
KINETIC PUMPS
Centrifugal Grinder Pumps

• When it is necessary to pump liquids
containing a variety of solids, a
submersible pump with a built-in grinder
is a good solution.
• Figure 13.19 shows a design that sits at
the bottom of a tank or sump and
handles sewage, laundry or dishwasher
effluent, or other wastewater.
PERFORMANCE DATA FOR CENTRIFUGAL PUMPS
• Because centrifugal pumps are not

positive-displacement types, there is a
strong dependency between capacity
and the pressure that must be
developed by the pump.
• This makes their performance ratings
somewhat more complex.
• The typical rating curve plots the total
head on the pump(ha) versus the
capacity or discharge(Q), as shown in
Fig. 13.20.
PERFORMANCE DATA FOR CENTRIFUGAL PUMPS
• Figure 13.21 shows a more complete

performance rating of a pump,
superimposing head, efficiency, and
power curves and plotting all three
versus capacity.
• The efficiency and power required are
also important to the successful
operation of a pump.
• Normal operation should be in the
vicinity of the peak of the efficiency
curve, with peak efficiencies in the range
of 60-80 percent being typical for
centrifugal pumps.
AFFINITY LAWS FOR CENTRIFUGAL PUMPS
• Most centrifugal pumps can be operated at

different speeds to obtain varying capacities.
• In addition, a given size of pump casing can
accommodate impellers of differing
diameters.
• It is important to understand the manner in
which capacity, head, and power vary when
either speed or impeller diameter is varied.
• These relationships, called affinity laws.
• The symbol N refers to the rotational speed
of the impeller, usually in revolutions per
minute(r/min, or rpm).
AFFINITY LAWS FOR CENTRIFUGAL PUMPS
MANUFACTURERS DATA FOR CENTRIFUGAL PUMPS
• The basic data needed to specify a

suitable pump for a given system is the
required volume flow rate, called
capacity, and the total head, ha for the
system in which the pump is to operate.
• Figure 13.22 shows an example of a
composite rating chart for one line of
pumps operating at a speed of 3500 rpm
, which allows the quick determination of
the pump size.
• The 2 X 3 - 10 centrifugal pump is one
with a 2-in discharge connection, a 3-in
suction connection, and a casing that
can accommodate an impeller with a
diameter of 10 in or smaller.
Effect of Impeller Size

Effect of Speed
Power Required
Efficiency
Net Positive Suction Head Required(NPSHR)

Complete Performance Chart

Additional Performance Charts







Additional Performance Charts For Smaller Centrifugal Pumps

NET POSITIVE SUCTION HEAD
NPSH
• The descriptions of the several aspects Cavitation

of the performance of centrifugal pumps • When the suction pressure at the pump
in the preceding sections emphasized inlet is too low, vapor bubbles form in
the importance of the net positive the fluid in a manner similar to boiling.
suction head, NPSH. • The design of the suction piping system
• The basic issues include: must provide a sufficiently high pressure
1. Preventing a condition called that will avoid the development of
cavitation, because of its extreme cavitation in which vapor bubbles form
detrimental effects on the pump. within the flowing fluid.
2. The effect of the vapor pressure of • When cavitation occurs, the
the fluid being pumped on the on performance of the pump is severely
set of cavitation. degraded as the volume flow rate
3. The piping system design delivered drops. The pump vibrates and
considerations that affect NPSH. becomes noisy, giving off a loud, rattling
4. The NPSHR for the selected pump
sound as if gravel was flowing with the
must be satisfied. fluid. If this was allowed to continue, the
pump would be destroyed in a short
time.
NPSH
Vapor Pressure • Following is a list of six familiar liquids,

• The fluid property that determines the ranked by increasing volatility: water,
conditions under which vapor bubbles carbon tetrachloride, acetone, gasoline,
form in a fluid is its vapor pressure Pvp, ammonia, and propane.
typically reported as an absolute
• Several standards have been
pressure in the units of kPa absolute or
Psia. established by ASTM International to
• When both vapor and liquid forms of a
measure vapor pressure for different
substance exist in equilibrium, there is a kinds of fluids.
balance of vapor being driven off from • In the discussion of net positive suction
the liquid by thermal energy and head that follows, it is pertinent to use
condensation of vapor to the liquid the vapor pressure head hvp rather than
because of the attractive forces between the basic vapor pressure Pvp where
molecules.
• The pressure of the liquid at this
condition is called the vapor pressure. A
liquid is called volatile if it has a
relatively high vapor pressure and
vaporizes rapidly at ambient conditions
NPSH
NPSH
NPSH
NPSH
NPSH NPSH Margin

• Pump manufacturers test each pump • We can define the NPSH margin M to
design to determine the level of suction be:
pressure required to avoid cavitation,
reporting the result as the net positive
suction head required, NPSHR, for the
• Higher margins, up to 100 percent, are
pump at each operating condition of
capacity(volume flow rate) and total expected for critical applications such as
head on the pump. flood control, oil pipelines, and power
generation service.
• It is the responsibility of the pump
• Some designers call for a margin of 5.0
system designer to ensure that the
available net positive suction head, ft for large pumping systems.
NPSHA, is significantly above NPSHR. • See ANSI/HI 9.6.1, Standard for
• Standards have been set jointly by the
Centrifugal and Vertical Pumps for
American National Standards Institute NPSH Margin
(ANSI) and the Hydraulic Institute (HI)
calling for a minimum of a 10 percent
margin for NPSHA over NPSHR.
NPSH
NPSHA
• The value of NPSHA is dependent on
the vapor pressure of the fluid being
pumped, energy losses in the suction
piping, the elevation of the fluid
reservoir, and the pressure applied to
the fluid in the reservoir.
• Figure 13.38(a) includes a pressurized

reservoir placed above the pump. Part
(b) shows the pump drawing fluid from
an open reservoir below the pump
NPSH
NPSH
NPSH
SUCTION LINE DETAILS
• The suction line refers to all parts of the • For most centrifugal pumps, however,
flow system from the source of the fluid the pump must be artificially primed by
to the inlet of the pump. filling the suction line with fluid.
• Figure 13.38 shows two methods of • This can be done by providing an
providing fluid to a pump. auxiliary supply of liquid during start-up
• In fig. 13.38(a), a positive head is or by drawing a vacuum on the pump
created by placing the pump below the casing, causing the fluid to be sucked up
supply reservoir. This is an aid in from the source.
ensuring a satisfactory NPSH. In
addition, the pump will always be primed
with a column of liquid at start-up.
• In fig. 13.38(b), a suction lift condition
occurs because the pump must draw
liquid from below. Most positive
displacement pumps can lift fluids about
8 m(26 ft).
DISCHARGE LINE DETAILS
DISCHARGE LINE DETAILS
• In general, the discharge line should be • If an enlarger is used from the pump
as short and direct as possible to discharge port it should be placed
minimize the head on the pump. between the check valve and the pump.
• Elbows should be of the standard or • A tap into the discharge line for a gauge
long-radius type if possible.
with its shut-off valve is highly
• Pipe size should be chosen according to recommended.
velocity or allowable friction losses.
• Combined with the pressure gauge in
• As shown in Fig. 13.39, other elements
may be added to the discharge line as the suction line, the operator can
required. determine the total head on the pump
• A pressure relief valve will protect the and compare that to design
pump and other equipment in case of a requirements.
blockage of the flow or accidental shut- • A sample cock will allow a small flow of
off of a valve. the fluid to be drawn off for testing
• A check valve prevents flow back without disrupting operation.
through the pump when it is not running
and it should be placed between the
shut-off valve and the pump.
THE SYSTEM RESISTANCE CURVE
• The operating point of a pump is defined 3. Overcome the resistance caused

as the volume flow rate it will deliver by pipe friction, valves, and fittings.
when installed in a given system and 4. Overcome the resistance caused
working against a particular total head. by processing elements.
• The piping system typically includes 5. Supply energy related to the
several elements described in previous operation of flow control valves that
sections on the design of suction and inherently cause changes to the
discharge lines; valves, elbows, process system head to achieve the desired
elements, and connecting straight flow rates.
lengths of pipe. • The first two items in this list are
• The pump must accomplish the following components of the static head, h0, for
tasks: the system, where the name refers to
1. Elevate the fluid from a lower tank the fact that the pump must overcome
or other source to an upper tank or these resistances before any fluid
destination point. begins to move, that is, the fluid is static.
2. Increase the pressure of the fluid • The static head h0, is defined as,
from the source point to the
destination point.
• But the pump is expected to work

against a higher head and, in fact, to
deliver fluid to the system at a specified
rate.
• As soon as fluid starts to flow through
the pipes, valves, fittings, and
processing elements of the system,
more head is developed because of the
energy losses that occur.
• Recall that the energy losses are
proportional to the velocity head in the
pipes (v2/2g) and, therefore, they
increase according to the square of the
volume flow rate.
• This causes the characteristic shape of
a system resistance curve (SRC),
sometimes called a second degree
curve, as shown in Fig. 13.40.
PUMP SELECTION AND THE OPERATING POINT
FOR THE SYSTEM
Guidelines for Pump Selection Guidelines for Pump Selection

• Given the desired operating point for the 3. For the selected pump, specify the
system with the desired flow rate and model designation, speed, impeller
the expected total head on the pump: size, and the sizes for the suction
and discharge ports.
1. Seek a pump with high efficiency at
4. At the actual operating point,
the design point and one for which determine the power required, the
the operating point is near the best actual volume flow rate delivered,
efficiency point(BEP) for the pump. efficiency, and the NPSHR. Also,
2. Standards set jointly by the American check the type of pump, mounting
National Standards Institute(ANSI) requirements, and types and sizes
and the Hydraulic Institute(HI) call for for the suction and discharge lines
to ensure that they are compatible
a preferred operating region(POR) with the intended installation.
for centrifugal pumps to be between
5. Compute the NPSHA for the
70 percent and 120 percent of the system.
BEP. See Standard ANSI/HI 9.6.3-
6. Ensure that NPSHA > 1.10 NPSHR
2012, Standard for Centrifugal and for all expected operating
Vertical Pumps for Allowable conditions.
Operating Region.
FOR THE SYSTEM
Guidelines for Pump Selection

7. If necessary, provide a means of
connecting the specified pipe sizes
to the connections for the pump if
they are of different sizes. Use a
gradual reducer or a gradual
expander to minimize energy
losses added to the system by
these elements.
FOR THE SYSTEM
FOR THE SYSTEM
FOR THE SYSTEM
FOR THE SYSTEM
ALTERNATE SYSTEM OPERATING MODES
• Important principles of system operation 2. Variable speed drives that permit

were discussed such as the continuous variation of flow rates to
performance of centrifugal pumps, fine tune system operation and to
system resistance curves, the operating match levels of delivery to product
point of a pump in a given system,
NPSH, efficiency, and power required to or process needs.
operate the pump. 3. Effect of fluid viscosity on pump
• Many alternate modes of system performance.
operation are in frequent use in a wide 4. Operating pumps in parallel
variety of industrial applications that 5. Operating pumps in series.
build on those fundamentals, but that
include additional features and that 6. Multistage pumps.
require different methods of analysis.
• Section will describe the following:
1. Use of control valves to enable
system operators to adjust the
system's behavior to meet varying
needs, either manually or
automatically
Use of Control Valves

• The piping system typically includes • However, when there is a need for
several elements described in previous varying flow rates to meet different
sections on the design of suction and needs, control valves are used that can
discharge lines; valves, elbows, process be adjusted either manually or
elements, and connecting straight automatically.
lengths of pipe. • Initial sizing of a control valve is often
• Valves were placed in the system to based on the mid-point between the high
allow the lines to be shut off when and low flow rate limits expected in the
performing service or when the system application.
is shut down; thus, they are often called • Then the valve can be adjusted to a
shut-off valves. more open position(less resistance) or
• They were typically low resistance types more closed position(more resistance)
such as gate valves or butterfly valves to produce higher or lower flow rates,
and modeled in their fully open position respectively
as part of the SRC.
• It is important to obtain data from the • The flow rate at the operating point is
supplier for control valve performance the desired nominal flow rate for the
across its entire range, typically in terms system and the resulting total head on
of the flow coefficient, Cv. the pump can be read from the chart.
• In U.S. Customary System units with
• For the sample data in Fig. 13.46, we
Qin gal/min and pressure in psi, the
definition of flow coefficient is: read Q = 80 gal/min and ha= 36.0 ft.
• The result is that the SRC would pivot
toward the left, reaching a new
operating point B. At that point, the total
head on the pump is 38.2 ft and an
• The basis for the flow coefficient is that a
valve having a flow coefficient of 1.0 will additional 2.2 ft of head will be
pass 1.0 gal/min of water at 1.0 psi dissipated from the control valve.
pressure drop across the valve. • If the production system requires a
• Now, with a control valve(set at its mid greater flow rate, say 100 gal/min, the
point) in the system along with all other control valve will be opened to provide
elements, the modeling of the SRC can less resistance and the system curve
be done, and a suitable pump can be pivots to the right to operating point C.
selected for the operating point A as At this point, the total head on the pump
shown in Fig. 13.46 is 33.5 ft or 2.5 ft less than at point A.
• It is important to note that other • The operation of the control valve

aspects of the pump operation are inherently involves the dissipation of
affected by changing the control valve energy from the system energy that
setting. must be provided by the pump.
• Figure 13.46 shows pump efficiency
curves in the vicinity of the operating
points discussed above.
• The initial operating point A results in
the pump operating at about 70
percent efficiency, very near the BEP
for this pump.
• When operating at C, the efficiency
drops to about 68 percent, and at B it
is about 66 percent.
• The range of flow rates from 60
gal/min to 100 gal/min is
approximately the limit of the range
recommended in Hydraulic Institute
standards, between 70 percent and
120 percent of the flow at the BEP.
PRACTICE PROBLEMS
1. For a given size of centrifugal pump 6. For the 2 x 3 - 10 centrifugal pump

casing, if the diameter of the impeller is performance curve shown in Fig. 13.28,
reduced by 25 percent, how much does describe the performance that can be
the capacity change? expected from a pump with an 8-in
2. For a given size of centrifugal pump impeller operating against a system
casing, if the diameter of the impeller is head of 200 ft. Give the expected
reduced by 25 percent, how much does
the total head capability change? capacity, the power required, the
efficiency, and the required NPSH.?
3. For a given size of centrifugal pump
casing, if the diameter of the impeller is 7. For the 2 x 3 - 10 centrifugal pump
reduced by 25 percent, how much does performance curve shown in Fig. 13.28,
the power required to drive the pump list the total head and capacity at which
change? the pump will operate at maximum
4. Describe each part of this centrifugal efficiency for each of the impeller sizes
pump designation: 1 ½ x 3 - 6.? shown.?
5. For the line of pumps shown in Fig.
13.22, specify a suitable size for
delivering 100 gal/min of water at a
total head of 300 ft.?
PRACTICE PROBLEMS
8. Determine the available NPSH for the

system shown in Fig. 13.38{b). The fluid
is water at 80°C and the atmospheric
pressure is 101.8 kPa. The water level in
the tank is 2.0 m below the pump inlet.
The vertical leg of the suction line is a
DN 80 Schedule 40 steel pipe, whereas
the horizontal leg is a DN 50 Schedule
40 pipe, 1.5 m long. The elbow is of the
long-radius type. Neglect the loss in the
reducer. The foot valve and strainer are
of the hinged disk type. The flow rate is
300 L/min.

Lecture Notes 13-1

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Lecture Notes 13-1

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LECTURE NOTES 13

PUMP SELECTION AND APPLICATION

• Pumps are used to deliver liquids

• We will call this value of ha the total

• Pumps are typically classified as either

Piston Pumps for Fluid Power.

Progressing Cavity Pumps. .

Piston Pumps for Fluid Transfer.

Performance Data for Positive 1. Reciprocating Pump Performance.

2. Rotary Pump Performance.

• Kinetic pumps add energy to the fluid

• Figure 13.12 shows the basic design of

Small centrifugal pump

Centrifugal Grinder Pumps

• Because centrifugal pumps are not

• Figure 13.21 shows a more complete

• Most centrifugal pumps can be operated at

• The basic data needed to specify a

Effect of Impeller Size

Net Positive Suction Head Required(NPSHR)

Complete Performance Chart

Additional Performance Charts

Additional Performance Charts

Additional Performance Charts

Additional Performance Charts

Additional Performance Charts

Additional Performance Charts

Additional Performance Charts

Additional Performance Charts For Smaller Centrifugal Pumps

• The descriptions of the several aspects Cavitation

Vapor Pressure • Following is a list of six familiar liquids,

NPSH NPSH Margin

• Figure 13.38(a) includes a pressurized

• The operating point of a pump is defined 3. Overcome the resistance caused

• But the pump is expected to work

Guidelines for Pump Selection Guidelines for Pump Selection

Guidelines for Pump Selection

• Important principles of system operation 2. Variable speed drives that permit

Use of Control Valves

• It is important to note that other • The operation of the control valve

1. For a given size of centrifugal pump 6. For the 2 x 3 - 10 centrifugal pump

8. Determine the available NPSH for the

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