Structural Calculation of Curtain Wall

ACACIA - 1, B+G+9 RES.
, MIDRISE BLOCK
(3 Nos.) WITH RETAIL SPACES
STRUCTURAL CALCULATION OF
CURTAIN WALL Rev.00
LOCATION : DUBAI, UAE

CLIENT : EMAAR PROPERTIES PJSC
CONSULTANT : NATIONAL ENGINEERING BUREAU
CONTARCTOR : SOBHA ENGINEERING AND CONTRACTING LLC
SOBHA GLAZING AND METAL SYSTEMS FZCO

P.O.Box.No.263247, Dubai,
United Arab Emirates
ACACIA - 1, B+G+9 RES., MIDRISE BLOCK
(3 Nos.) WITH RETAIL SPACES
CONTENTS PAGES
- INTRODUCTION AND SPECIFICATIONS 001

- PROFILE DETAILS 008
- DESIGN OF MULLION 011
- DESIGN OF TRANSOM 018
- CURTAIN WALL ANALYSIS 2.9M HEIGHT 025
- CURTAIN WALL ANALYSIS 3.5M HEIGHT 035
- BOTTOM BRACKET DESIGN 048
- TOP BRACKET DESIGN 061
- ANALYSIS OF GLASS 072
- TECHNICAL REFERENCE 075
- DRAWING REFERENCE 113
SOBHA GLAZING AND METAL SYSTEMS FZCO

P.O.Box.No.263247, Dubai,
United Arab Emirates
1.0 Introduction & Specification
Page 1
DESIGN CRITERIA
General
The structural performance of Stick curtain wall system for the above mentioned project shall be checked
using the following design codes and standards:
Wind load according to ASCE 7 ‐05
ASTM E 1300‐03: for glazing members
Structural use of aluminum, Part 1: Code of practice for design BS 8118:Part 1:1991
Structural use of steelwork in building, Part 1: Code of practice for design rolled and welded sections
BS 5950‐1:2000
Mechanical Properties of Material
Properties of Glass
(Based on ASTM E1300‐03 Standard Practice for Determining Load Resistance of Glass in Buildings)
Modulus of Elasticity Eg := 71700 Mpa
Shear Modulus Gg := 28300 Mpa
Coefficient of Linear expansion Ɛg := 8.30E‐06 Δ ̊C‐1
Density ωg := 2500 Kg.m‐3
Properties of 6063‐T6 Aluminium Alloy
(Based on ASTM B 221M‐02)
Modulus of Elasticity E := 70000 Mpa
Shear Modulus G := 26600 Mpa
Coefficient of Linear expansion Ɛ := 2.30E‐05 Δ ̊C‐1
Yield Strength (Extrusion) Y := 160 Mpa
Tensile Strength (Extrusion) Ta := 175 Mpa
Properties of Grade S275 Steel Material
Modulus of Elasticity E := 205000 Mpa
Coefficient of Linear expansion Ɛ := 1.20E‐05 Δ ̊C‐1
Design Strength Py := 275 Mpa
Bearing Strength Pbs := 460 Mpa
Properties of GI Bolts (Grade 8.8) and Stainless Steel Bolts (Grade A4‐70)
1) GI Bolts
Yield Strength Yb := 520 Mpa
Ultimate Tensile Strength Ub := 800 Mpa
Page 2
2) SS Bolts
Yield Strength Yb := 450 Mpa
Ultimate Tensile Strength Ub := 700 Mpa
Anchor Fixing Materials
Fischer Fixing System
Design Criteria for Wind Load
Based from the project specification, glazed aluminium curtain wall
Basic Wind Speed Vb := 45 m/s Exposure = C
Building Height (Roof Deck) H := 46.5 m
Building length L := 106.5 m
Building Width W := 100.5 m
Clear Height of Mullion h := 2.9 m
Tributary Width ‐1 tw1 := 1.08 m
Tributary Width‐2 tw1 := 0.99 m
Mean Tributary Width tw = (tw1+tw2)/2 tw := 1.035 m
13.52 mm laminated glass (inner) + 18mm air gap+ 6mm tempered glass (outer)
tg = 19.52 mm
Design Criteria for Dead Load
Dead Loads (i.e, extrusions, glass) shall be incorporated within the calculation set.
STAAD Pro automatically computes the self weight of the member being analyzed
Deflection Limits under Serviceability Loading
Deflection limits shall be according to the project specification and AAMA code
Deflection of Framing members:
Allowable deflection of framing members perpendicular to the plane of the wall shall not exceed
Span / 175 or 19mm whichever is lesser as per project specification
Allowable deflection of framing members parallel to the plane of the wall shall not exceed 3.20mm (Do not
deflect an amount which will reduce glazing bit below 75% of design dimension =15*75%=11.25mm. The
allowable deflection is 15‐11.25 = 3.75mm. minimum value taken for allowable deflection 3.75 or 3.20mm)
Deflection of glass:
Maximum allowable lateral centre deflection of glass at design wind pressure limits to
1/50 of short side length or 25 mm whichecer is less
Load Combinations
For Aluminium members and glazing:
The following combination according to BS 8118: Part 1: 1991 code & BS 5950‐1:2000 code &
ASTM E1300 ‐ 03 ‐ STANDARD
I. Serviceability limit state: 1.0 (Self Weight + Dead Load + Wind Load)
II. Ultimate limit state: 1.2 (Self Weight + Dead Load + Wind Load)
For Brackets:
1.4 ( Self Weight + Dead Load + Wind Load)
Page 3
PROJECT : PAGE :
CLIENT : DESIGN BY :
JOB NO. : DATE : REVIEW BY :
Wind Analysis for Building with h > 60 ft, Based on ASCE 7-05 / IBC 2006 / CBC 2007
INPUT DATA
Exposure category (B, C or D) C
Importance factor (0.87, 1.0 or 1.15) I = 1.00 Category II, page 77
Basic wind speed (IBC Tab 1609.3.1V 3S) V = 101 mph
Topographic factor (Sec.6.5.7.2) Kzt = 1 Flat, page 26 & 45
Building height to roof H = 152 ft
Parapet height HP = 4 ft
Building length L = 350 ft
Building width B = 329 ft
Natural frequency (Sec.6.2 & 6.5.8.2) n1 = 0.98684 Hz, (1 / T)
Effective area of mullion AM = 550 ft2
Effective area of panel AP = 3675 ft2
DESIGN SUMMARY
Max building horizontal force normal to building length, L, face = 1661.3 kips
Max overturning moment at wind normal to building length, L, face = 413748.3 ft - kips
Max building horizontal force normal to building length, B, face = 1544.8 kips
Max overturning moment at wind normal to building length, B, face = 405736.0 ft - kips
Max building upward force = 2972.4 kips
Max building torsion force = 92024.4 ft - kips
ANALYSIS
Velocity pressures
qz = 0.00256 Kz Kzt Kd V2 I
where: qz = velocity pressure at height, z. (Eq. 6-15, page 27) pmin = 10 psf (Sec. 6.1.4.1 & 6.1.4.2)
Kz = velocity pressure exposure coefficient evaluated at height, z. (Tab. 6-3, Case 2, page 79)
Kd = wind directionality factor. (Tab. 6-4, for building, page 80) = 0.85
z = height above ground
z (ft) 0 - 15 20 25 30 40 50 60 70 80 90 100 120
Kz 0.85 0.90 0.94 0.98 1.04 1.09 1.13 1.17 1.21 1.24 1.26 1.31
qz (psf) 18.87 19.98 20.87 21.75 23.09 24.20 25.08 25.97 26.86 27.52 27.97 29.08
z (ft) 140 156 156 156 156 156 156 156 156 156
Kz 1 36
1.36 1 38
1.38 1 38
1.38 1 38
1.38 1 38
1.38 1 38
1.38 1 38
1.38 1 38
1.38 1 38
1.38 1 38
1.38
qz (psf) 30.19 30.72 30.72 30.72 30.72 30.72 30.72 30.72 30.72 30.72
Design pressures for MWFRS

p = q G Cp - qh (G Cpi)
where: p = pressure on surface for rigid building with all h. (Eq. 6-17, page 28).
q = qz for windward wall at height z above the ground, see table above.
G Cp i = internal pressure coefficient. (Fig. 6-5, Enclosed Building, page 47) = 0.18 or -0.18
qh = qz value at mean roof height, h, for leeward wall, side walls, and roof.
Cp = external pressure coefficient, see right down tables.
G = gust effect factor (Sec. 6.5.8.1 & 6
  1  1.7 I g 2 Q 2  g 2 R 2  Iz = 0.17 z = 91.2 Q= 0.81
0.925  z Q R  , for n1  1.0
  1  1.7 g v I z  z min = 15 gQ = 3.4 Lz = 613
G  
  1  1.7 g Q I zQ 
= 0.839 c= 0.2 gR = 4.19  = 0.05
0.925   , for n1  1.0
  1  1.7 g v I z  Rh = 0.150 RB = 0.073 RL = 0.021
N1 = 5.37 Rn = 0.048 R = 0.075
h= 152 gv = 3.4 Vz = 112.6
Fig. 6-6 fo  < 10o, page 48

Roof h/B Distance Cp
To L Face 0.47 78 -0.90
To L Face 0.47 156 -0.90
To L Face 0.47 312 -0.50
To L Face 0.47 329 -0.30
Roof h/L Distance Cp
q G Cp Figure for Gable, Hip Roof, page 48 To B Face 0.45 78 -0.90
Fig. 6-6, page 48 To B Face 0.45 156 -0.90
Wall Direction L/B Cp To B Face 0.45 312 -0.50
Windward Wall All All 0.80 To B Face 0.45 350 -0.30
Leeward Wall To L Dir 0.94 -0.50
Leeward Wall To B Dir 1.06 -0.49
Side Wall All All -0.70
Page 4
(cont'd)
Hence, MWFRS Net Pressures are given by following tables (Sec. 6.5.12.2.1, Page 28)
P (psf) with P (psf) with

Surface z (ft) GCPi - GCPi Surface z (ft) GCPi - GCPi
0 - 15 7.13 18.19 Side Wall All -23.56 -12.50
20 7.87 18.93
25 8.47 19.53
30 9.06 20.12 Normal to L Face P (psf) with Normal to B Face P (psf) with
40 9.96 21.02 Surface z (ft) GCPi - GCPi Surface z (ft) GCPi - GCPi
50 10.70 21.76 Leeward All -18.41 -7.35 Leeward All -18.08 -7.02
60 11.30 22.36
70 11.89 22.95
Windward Wall
80 12.49 23.55 Normal to L Face P (psf) with Normal to B Face P (psf) with
90 12.94 24.00 Surface Dist. (ft) GCPi - GCPi Surface Dist. (ft) GCPi - GCPi
100 13.23 24.29 0 - 78 -28.72 -17.66 0 - 78 -28.72 -17.66
120 13.98 25.04 156 -28.72 -17.66 156 -28.72 -17.66
Roof Roof
140 14.72 25.78 312 -18.41 -7.35 312 -18.41 -7.35
156 15.08 26.14 329 -13.26 -2.20 350 -13.26 -2.20
Figure 6-9, page 54

Normal to L Face Normal to B Face Wind with Angle
Base Forces ASCE-7
Case 1 Case 2 Case 1 Case 2 Case 3 Case 4
VBase (kips) 1661 1246 1545 1159 2405 1277
MBase (ft - kips) 413748 310311 405736 304302 614613 326253 Fig. 6-9
MT (ft - kips) 0 65415 0 57176 0 92024 Page 52
FUpward (kips) 2015 1512 1948 1461 2972 1578
Vmin (kips) 546 546 513 513 794 749 Min. wind
FUp,min (kips) 1152 1152 1152 1152 1152 1152 Sec. 6.1.4.1
Design pressures for components and cladding

p = q (G Cp) - qi (G Cpi)
where: p = pressure on component for building with h > 60 ft. (Eq. 6-23, page 29).
pmin = 10.00 psf (Sec. 6.1.4.2, pg 21)
q = qz for windward wall at height z above the ground, see table above.
qh = qz value at mean roof height, h, for leeward wall, side walls, and roof.
G Cp i = internal pressure coefficient. (Fig. 6-5) = 0.18 or -0.18
a = Zone width = MAX[ MIN(0.1B, 0.1L), 3] = 32.9 ft, (Fig 6-17 note 8, pg 65)
G Cp = external pressure coefficient. (Fig. 6-17, page 65)
Wall Actual Effective Zone 4 Zone 5
Comp. Area ( ft2 ) GCP - GCP GCP - GCP
Mullion 550 0.60 -0.70 0.60 -1.00
Panel 3675 0.60 -0.70 0.60 -1.00
Mullion Pressure (psf) Panel Pressure (psf)

z (ft) Zone 4 Zone 5 Zone 4 Zone 5
Positive Negative Positive Negative Positive Negative Positive Negative
0 - 15 14.72 -27.03 14.72 -36.25 14.72 -27.03 14.72 -36.25
20 15.58 -27.03 15.58 -36.25 15.58 -27.03 15.58 -36.25
25 16.28 -27.03 16.28 -36.25 16.28 -27.03 16.28 -36.25
30 16.97 -27.03 16.97 -36.25 16.97 -27.03 16.97 -36.25
40 18.01 -27.03 18.01 -36.25 18.01 -27.03 18.01 -36.25
50 18.87 -27.03 18.87 -36.25 18.87 -27.03 18.87 -36.25
60 19.56 -27.03 19.56 -36.25 19.56 -27.03 19.56 -36.25
70 20.26 -27.03 20.26 -36.25 20.26 -27.03 20.26 -36.25
80 20.95 -27.03 20.95 -36.25 20.95 -27.03 20.95 -36.25
90 21.47 -27.03 21.47 -36.25 21.47 -27.03 21.47 -36.25
100 21.82 -27.03 21.82 -36.25 21.82 -27.03 21.82 -36.25
120 22.68 -27.03 22.68 -36.25 22.68 -27.03 22.68 -36.25
140 23.55 -27.03 23.55 -36.25 23.55 -27.03 23.55 -36.25
156 23.96 -27.03 23.96 -36.25 23.96 -27.03 23.96 -36.25
Page 5
2.0 Load Computation
Page 6
Glass Load Computation (Dead Load):
Density of glass, d = 2500 Kg/m³
Thickness of Internal glass t1 = 13.52 mm
Thickness of external glass t2 = 6 mm
Total thickness of glass Tthick = 19.52 mm
Total weight of glass Tglass = 48.8 Kg/m²
Glass adopter provided on both side to transfer load of glass on transom, so considering point load on both
side @ 150mm from the ends
10% additional Load distribution on
Height of Glass weight of glass transom on both side
SI No. Width of Glass (clear opening) Weight of Glass (Accessories) (D/2)
meter meter Kg Kg KN
1 1.08 1.17 61.664 6.166 0.333
2 1.08 1.26 66.407 6.641 0.358
3 1.08 0.47 24.771 2.477 0.134
4 0.99 1.17 56.525 5.653 0.305
5 0.99 1.26 60.873 6.087 0.328
6 0.99 0.47 22.707 2.271 0.123
Wind Load Computation:
Width of Panel Wind Pressure on Uniform load on

SI No. 1 Width of Panel 2 Tributary width Mullion Mullion
m m m Kpa KN
1 0 1.08 0.540 1.300 0.702
2 1.08 0.99 1.035 1.300 1.346
3 0.99 1.08 1.035 1.300 1.346
4 1.08 0 0.540 1.300 0.702
Page 7
3.0 Profile Details
Page 8
Page 9
Page 10
4.0 Design of Mullion
Page 11
MULLION PROFILE "100*45" TAKEN FOR DESIGN
Material type (BS 8118: Part1: 1991)
Alloy 6063 ‐ T6
Ea := 70000 Mpa
̊ρ0 := 160 Mpa BS ‐ 8118 table 4.1 limiting stress for bending and over all yielding
̊ρV := 95 Mpa BS ‐ 8118 table 4.1 limiting stress for shear
̊ρa := 175 Mpa BS ‐ 8118 table 4.1 limiting stress for local capacity
Section Properties
b = 45 mm Profile Width
d = 100 mm Profile Depth
bf = 40.3 mm Element Width
tf = 3.5 mm Profile Flange Thickness
dw = 80.3 mm Element Depth
tw = 1.8 mm Profile Web Thickness
gr = 0.5 Stress gradient coefficient, figure 4.2
CX = 22.5 mm Distance from neutral Y‐axis to extreme fibers
CY = 55.5 mm Distance from neutral X‐axis to extreme fibers
IX = 114.9 cm4 Moment of inertia at major axis
IY = 22.15 cm4 Moment of inertia at minor axis
WX = IX/CY 20.703 cm3 Elastic section modulus at x‐x axis
WY = IY/CX 9.844 cm3 Elastic section modulus at y‐y axis
A = 7.63 cm2 Cross ‐ Section area
Check for deflection
Applying wind load WL := 1.3 kNm‐1 (uniformly distributed load) at mullion
Profile "100*45" it had max. deflection δ max := 14.092 mm
Page 12
L = 2900 mm
δ allow = min (L/175, 19mm)
δ allow = 16.571 mm refer to project specification and AAMA code
Since: δ max = 14.092 mm < δ allow = 16.57143 mm OK
Section Classification
β < β1 fully compact
β1 < β < β0 semi compact
β > β0 slender
Ɛ := sqrt(250/ρ0) Ɛ = 1.25 Slenderness limit constant
β0 = 22 Ɛ
β0 = 27.5 Upper limit for a semi‐compact section
β1 = 18 Ɛ
β1 = 22.5 Upper limit for a fully compact section
Element clacification for web element
dW = 80.3 mm width of the web element
tw = 1.8 mm thickness of the web element
gr = 0.55 stress gradient coefficient (figure 4.2)
βW = gr.dW.tw‐1 Slenderness parameter
βW = 24.536
β1 = 22.5 < βW = 24.536 > β0 = 27.5 Semi Compact
Element clacification for flange element
bf = 40.3 mm width of the compression flange
tf = 3.5 mm thickness of the compression flange
βf = bf.tf‐1 slenderness parameter
βf = 11.514
β1 = 22.5 > βf = 11.514 < β0 = 27.5
Thus the section is Fully compact
Page 13
Effective section determination for web element
βW/Ɛ = 19.629
According BS8118: part1: 1991 ‐ table 4.4, Curve selection for international elements "C"
kL = 1 local buckling factor
twe = kL.tW according to figure 4.5 curve c
twe = 1.8 mm Effective section thickness
Cxe = 22.5 mm distance from neutral y‐axis to extreme fibers
Cye = 55.5 mm distance from neutral x‐axis to extreme fibers
Ixe = 114.9 cm4 Effective moment of inertia at major axis
Iye = 22.15 cm4 Effective moment of inertia at minor axis
Wxe = Ixe/Cye = 20.703 cm3 Effective elastic section

modulus at x‐x axis
Wye = Iye/Cxe = 9.844 cm3 Effective elastic section

modulus at y‐y axis
Ae = 7.63 cm2 Effective cross section area
r = sqrt(Ixe/Ae) = 38.806 mm radius of gyration
Check for bending moments resistance
γm = 1.2 material factor clause 4.5.5 table 3.3
MZ = 1.794 kNm factored max. BM generated from staad
MRx = (ρ0.Wxe/γm)= 2.760 kNm factored moment resistance at

major axis
since: Mz 1.794 kNm < MRx = 2.760 kNm OK
My = 0.023 kNm factored max. BM generated from staad
MRy = (ρ0.Wye/γm) = 1.313 kNm factored moment resistance at

minor axis
since: My = 0.023 kNm < MRy = 1.313 kNm OK
Check for shear resistance
according to BS 8118 part 1: 1991 ‐ section 4.5.3
dw/tw ≤ 49Ɛ fully compact
Page 14
dw/tw > 49Ɛ slender
dw/twe = 44.611
49Ɛ = 61.25
dw/twe = 44.611 > 49Ɛ = 61.25 SLENDER
Vy = 2.755 kN factored max shear (Fy) generated from staad
Vz = 0.048 kN factored max shear (Fz) generated from staad
NW = 2 number of webs
Nf = 2 number of flange
Yielding check for Fy
Avw = 0.8.Nw.dw.twe effective shear area
Avw = 231.264 mm2
VRSWY = ρV.Avw/γm = 18.308 kN factored shear resistance
Vy = 2.755 kN < VRSWY = 18.308 kN OK
Buckling check for Fy
VRSWY = 340kN/mm2.Nw.twe³/dw.γm factored buckling resistance
VRSWY = 41.156 kN
Vy = 2.755 kN < VRSWY = 41.156 kN OK
Yielding check for Fz
Avf = 0.8.Nf.bf.tf effective shear area
Avf = 225.68 mm2
VRSWY = ρV.Avw/γm = 17.866 kN factored shear resistance
Vz = 0.048 kN < VRSWY = 17.866 kN OK
Buckling check for Fz
VRSWY = 340kN/mm2.Nf.tf³/2.bf.γm factored buckling resistance
VRSWY = 301.437 kN
Vz = 0.048 kN < VRSWY = 301.437 kN OK
Page 15
Check for tension resistance
According to BS 8118: part 1: 1991 ‐ 4.6.2
P = 1.464 kN Factored max axial force due to dead load

generated from STAAD
γm = 1.2 Material factor clause 4.5.5 table 3.3
PRS = (ρo.Ae/γm) = 101.733 KN factored tension resistance
P = 1.464 KN < PRS = 101.733 kN OK
Section check for bending with axial force (tension)
According to BS 8118 part 1: 1991 4.8
P = 1.464 KN
PRS = 101.733 KN
My = 0.023 kNm
MRy = 1.313 kNm
MZ = 1.794 kNm
MRx = 2.760 kNm
SC = (P/PR + My/Mry + Mz/Mrx)
SC = 0.682 ≤ 1
Since SC = 0.682 ≤ 1 OK
Check for compression resistance
According to BS 8118: part 1: 1991 ‐ 4.7.3
P = 1.464 kN Factored max axial force due to dead load

generated from STAAD
l = L/r = 74.73091
̊ρs := 80 Mpa figure 4.10 (b) Column buckling stress
PRS = (ρs.Ae/γm) = 50.86667 KN factored compression resistance
P = 1.464 KN < PRS = 50.867 kN OK
Page 16
Section check for bending with axial force (Compression)
P = 1.464 KN
PRS = 50.867 KN
My = 0.023 kNm
MRy = 1.313 kNm
MZ = 1.794 kNm

MRx = 2.760 kNm
SC = (P/PR + My/Mry + Mz/Mrx)
SC = 0.696 ≤ 1
Since SC = 0.696 ≤ 1 OK
Page 17
5.0 Design of Transom
Page 18
TRANSOM "100*45" TAKEN FOR DESIGN
Material type (BS 8118: Part1: 1991)
Alloy 6063 ‐ T6
Wp = 1.3 kPa design wind pressure
TW max. = 1080 mm Max. width of panel
b = 45 mm mullion width
Ltran = Tw max.‐b length of transom
Ltran = 1035 mm
Material Type (BS8118:part1:1991)
Alloy 6063‐T6
Ea := 70000 Mpa
̊ρ0 := 160 Mpa BS ‐ 8118 table 4.1 limiting stress for bending and over all yielding
̊ρV := 95 Mpa BS ‐ 8118 table 4.1 limiting stress for shear
̊ρa := 175 Mpa BS ‐ 8118 table 4.1 limiting stress for local capacity
Section Properties
b = 45 mm Profile Width
d = 100 mm Profile Depth
bf = 40.3 mm Element Width
tf = 3.5 mm Profile Flange Thickness
dw = 80.3 mm Element Depth
tw = 1.8 mm Profile Web Thickness
gr = 0.5 Stress gradient coefficient, figure 4.2
CX = 55.5 mm Distance from neutral Y‐axis to extreme fibers
CY = 22.5 mm Distance from neutral X‐axis to extreme fibers
IX = 22.15 cm4 Moment of inertia at major axis
Page 19
IY = 114.9 cm4 Moment of inertia at minor axis
WX = IX/CY 9.844 cm3 Elastic section modulus at x‐x axis
WY = IY/CX 20.703 cm3 Elastic section modulus at y‐y axis
A = 7.63 cm2 Cross ‐ Section area
Load analysis due to wind load
h1 = 1260 mm height of glass above transom
h2 = 1170 mm height of glass below transom
a1 = 1215 mm Refer to elevation figure
γf = 1.2 Load factor table 3.1
W = Wp.a1 Wind Load
W = 1.580 kNm‐1
Wf = W.γf factored wind load
Wf = 1.895 kNm‐1
VZ = Wf.Ltran/2 Max. design shear due to wind load
Vz = 0.981 kN
MZ = Wf.Ltran²/8 Max. design moment due to wind load
Mz = 0.254 kNm
Section Classification
β < β1 fully compact
β1 < β < β0 semi compact
β > β0 slender
β0 = 22 Ɛ
β0 = 27.5 limit for a semi‐compact section
β1 = 18 Ɛ
β1 = 22.5 limit for a fully compact section
Element clacification for web element
dW = 80.3 mm width of the web element
Page 20
tw = 1.8 mm thickness of the web element
gr = 0.5 stress gradient coefficient (figure 4.2)
βW = gr.dW.tw‐1 Slenderness
βW = 22.30556
β1 = 22.5 > βW = 22.30556 < β0 = 27.5 Fully Compact
Element clacification for flange element
bf = 40.3 mm width of the compression flange
tf = 3.5 mm thickness of the compression flange
βf = bf.tf‐1 slenderness parameter
βf = 11.51429
β1 = 22.5 > βf = 11.51429 < β0 = 27.5
Thus the section is fully Compact
Effective section determination for web element
βW/Ɛ = 17.84444
According BS8118: part1: 1991 ‐ table 4.4, Curve selection for international elements "C"
kL = 1 local buckling factor according figure 4.5 curve c
twe = kL.tW according to figure 4.5 curve c
twe = 1.8 mm effective thickness
bfe = 40.3 mm effective width
Cxe = 55.5 mm distance from neutral y‐axis to extreme fibers
Cye = 22.5 mm distance from neutral x‐axis to extreme fibers
Ixe = 22.15 cm4 Effective moment of inertia at x‐x axis
Iye = 114.9 cm4 Effective moment of inertia at y‐y axis
Wxe = Ixe/Cye = 9.844 cm3 Effective elastic section

modulus at x‐x axis
Wye = Iye/Cxe = 20.703 cm3 Effective elastic section

modulus at y‐y axis
Ae = 7.63 cm2 Effective cross section area
Page 21
Check for bending moments resistance
γm = 1.2 material factor clause 4.5.5 table 3.3
MZ = 0 kNm factored max. BM generated from staad
MRz = (ρ0.Wye/γm) = 2.760 kNm factored moment resistance at

major axis
since: Mz = 0 kNm < MRz = 2.760 kNm OK
according to BS 8118 part 1: 1991 ‐ section 4.5.3
Vz = 0.517 KN Max. design shear due to wind load
dw/tw ≤ 49Ɛ fully compact
dw/tw > 49Ɛ slender
Ɛ = sqrt(250/ρ0) Ɛ = 1.25 Slenderness limit constant
dw/twe = 44.611
49Ɛ = 61.25
dw/twe = 44.611 > 49Ɛ = 61.25 SLENDER
Yielding check
Nw= 2 number of webs
Avw = 0.8.Nw.dw.twe effective shear area
Av = 231.264 mm2
VRSY = ρV.Av/γm = 18.308 kN factored shear resistance
Vz = 0.517 kN < VRSY = 18.308 kN OK
Buckling check
VRSWY = 340kN/mm2.Nw.twe³/dw.γm factored buckling resistance
VRSB = 41.156 kN
Vz = 0.517 kN < VRSB = 41.156 kN OK
Load analysis due to dead load
ρg = 24.525 kNm‐3 Unit weight of glass
Page 22
̊tg = 19.52 mm Thickness of glass at vision area
h1 = 1260 mm Max. height of glass panel
Ltran = 1035 mm length of transom
a = 150 mm location of setting block
γf = 1.2 Load factor table 3.1
DLg = ̊ρg.Ltran.h1.tg Dead load due to glass weight
DLg = 0.624 kN
DLgf = DLg.γf Factored load of glass
DLgf = 0.749 N
Pg1 = Pg2 = Pg
Pg = DLgf/2 = 0.375 kN
Swtran = ωa.g.A.1.1 Self weight of transom (10% additional for

accessories)
Swtran = 0.412 kNm‐1
DL tran = Swtran.γf 0.494 kNm‐1 Factored self weight of transom
Vy = DLtran.Ltran/2 + Pg Max design shear due to dead load
Vy = 0.630 kN
My = DLtran.Ltran²/8 + Pg.a Max design bending due to dead load
My = 0.122 kNm
Check for bending moment resistance
My = 0.079 kNm Factored max bending moment generated from staad
MRx = ρ0.Wxe/γm Factored moment resistance at major axis
MRX = 1.313 kNm
Since My = 0.079 kNm < MRX = 1.313 kNm OK
according to BS8118 part1: 1991 ‐ table 4.3
Page 23
Vy = 0 kN Max design shear due to dead load
bfe/tf ≤ 49Ɛ fully compact
bfe/tf > 49Ɛ slender
Ɛ = sqrt(250/ρ0) Ɛ = 1.25 Slenderness limit constant
bfe/tf = 11.51429
49Ɛ = 61.25
bfe/tf = 11.51429 < 49Ɛ = 61.25 Thus the section is

Fully Compact
Nf= 2 Number of elements
Av = 0.8.Nf.bfe.tf effective shear area
Av = 225.68 mm2
VRS = ρV.Av/γm = 17.86633 kN factored shear resistance
Vy = 0 kN < VRS = 17.86633 kN OK
Section check for bending with axial force
MZ = 0 KN
MRz = 2.760 kNm
My = 0.122 kNm
MRx = 1.313 kNm
SC = (Mz/Mrz + My/Mrx)
SC = 0.093 ≤ 1
Since SC = 0.093 ≤ 1 OK
Page 24
6.1 Curtain wall Analysis 2.9m height.
Page 25
Job No Sheet No Rev
1
Part
Software licensed to Hewlett-Packard Company
Job Title Ref
By Date07-Dec-17 Chd
Client File Curtain wall 2.9 m Height Date/Time 21-Dec-2017 10:50
Job Information
Engineer Checked Approved
Name:
Date: 07-Dec-17
Structure Type SPACE FRAME
Number of Nodes 16 Highest Node 16

Number of Elements 24 Highest Beam 24
Number of Basic Load Cases 2

Number of Combination Load Cases 3
Included in this printout are data for:

All The Whole Structure
Included in this printout are results for load cases:

Type L/C Name
Primary 1 DEAD LOAD

Primary 2 WIND LOAD
Combination 3 LOAD COMBINATION FOR DEFELCTION
Combination 4 LOAD COMBINATION FOR LIMIT STATE
Combination 5 LOAD COMBINATION FOR ANCHOR DES
Nodes
Node X Y Z
(m) (m) (m)
1 0.000 0.000 0.000
2 1.080 0.000 0.000
3 2.070 0.000 0.000
4 3.150 0.000 0.000
5 0.000 1.170 0.000
6 1.080 1.170 0.000
7 2.070 1.170 0.000
8 3.150 1.170 0.000
9 0.000 2.430 0.000
10 1.080 2.430 0.000
11 2.070 2.430 0.000
12 3.150 2.430 0.000
13 0.000 2.900 0.000
14 1.080 2.900 0.000
15 2.070 2.900 0.000
16 3.150 2.900 0.000
Print Time/Date: 21/12/2017 11:49 STAAD.Pro for Windows 20.07.04.12 Print Run 1 of 3
Page 26
Job No Sheet No Rev
2
Part
Job Title Ref
Beams
Beam Node A Node B Length Property 
(m) (degrees)
1 1 2 1.080 2 90
2 2 3 0.990 2 90
3 3 4 1.080 2 90
4 5 6 1.080 2 90
5 6 7 0.990 2 90
6 7 8 1.080 2 90
7 9 10 1.080 2 90
8 10 11 0.990 2 90
9 11 12 1.080 2 90
10 13 14 1.080 2 90
11 14 15 0.990 2 90
12 15 16 1.080 2 90
13 1 5 1.170 1 90
14 5 9 1.260 1 90
15 9 13 0.470 1 90
16 2 6 1.170 1 90
17 6 10 1.260 1 90
18 10 14 0.470 1 90
19 3 7 1.170 1 90
20 7 11 1.260 1 90
21 11 15 0.470 1 90
22 4 8 1.170 1 90
23 8 12 1.260 1 90
24 12 16 0.470 1 90
Section Properties
Prop Section Area Iyy Izz J Material
(cm2) (cm4) (cm4) (cm4)
1 MULLION100X45 7.630 22.154 114.900 81.352 ALUMINUM
2 TRANSOM100X45 7.630 22.154 114.900 81.352 ALUMINUM
Materials
Mat Name E  Density 
(kN/mm2) (kg/m3) (1/°K)
1 STEEL 205.000 0.300 7.83E+3 12E -6
2 STAINLESSSTEEL 197.930 0.300 7.83E+3 18E -6
3 ALUMINUM 68.948 0.330 2.71E+3 23E -6
4 CONCRETE 21.718 0.170 2.4E+3 10E -6
Page 27
Job No Sheet No Rev
3
Part
Job Title Ref
Supports
Node X Y Z rX rY rZ
(kN/mm) (kN/mm) (kN/mm) (kN-m/deg) (kN-m/deg) (kN-m/deg)
1 Fixed Fixed Fixed - - -
13 Fixed - Fixed - - -
Basic Load Cases

Number Name
1 DEAD LOAD
2 WIND LOAD
Combination Load Cases

Comb. Combination L/C Name Primary Primary L/C Name Factor
3 LOAD COMBINATION FOR DEFELCTION 1 DEAD LOAD 1.00

2 WIND LOAD 1.00
4 LOAD COMBINATION FOR LIMIT STATE 1 DEAD LOAD 1.20
2 WIND LOAD 1.20
5 LOAD COMBINATION FOR ANCHOR DES 1 DEAD LOAD 1.40
2 WIND LOAD 1.40
Page 28
Job No Sheet No Rev
1
Part
Job Title Ref
Entity Color Legend

MULLION100X45
TRANSOM100X45
Default Plate Color
Default Solid Color
Y
X
Z Load 3
Whole Structure
Page 29
Job No Sheet No Rev
2
Part
Job Title Ref
Y
X
Z Load 1
Self weight.
Page 30
Job No Sheet No Rev
1
Part
Job Title Ref
Node Displacement Summary

Node L/C X Y Z Resultant rX rY rZ
(mm) (mm) (mm) (mm) (rad) (rad) (rad)
Max X 1 3:LOAD COMB 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 -0.011 0.000 0.000
Min X 1 3:LOAD COMB 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 -0.011 0.000 0.000
Max Y 1 3:LOAD COMB 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 -0.011 0.000 0.000
Min Y 14 3:LOAD COMB 0.000 -0.031 0.000 0.031 0.015 0.000 0.000
Max Z 1 3:LOAD COMB 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 -0.011 0.000 0.000
Min Z 6 3:LOAD COMB 0.000 -0.023 -13.524 13.524 -0.004 0.000 0.000
Max rX 14 3:LOAD COMB 0.000 -0.031 0.000 0.031 0.015 0.000 0.000
Min rX 2 3:LOAD COMB 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 -0.015 0.000 0.000
Max rY 1 3:LOAD COMB 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 -0.011 0.000 0.000
Min rY 1 3:LOAD COMB 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 -0.011 0.000 0.000
Max rZ 1 3:LOAD COMB 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 -0.011 0.000 0.000
Min rZ 1 3:LOAD COMB 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 -0.011 0.000 0.000
Max Rst 6 3:LOAD COMB 0.000 -0.023 -13.524 13.524 -0.004 0.000 0.000
Beam Displacement Detail Summary

Displacements shown in italic indicate the presence of an offset
Beam L/C d X Y Z Resultant
(m) (mm) (mm) (mm) (mm)
Max X 3 3:LOAD COMB 0.216 0.000 -0.301 0.000 0.301
Min X 3 3:LOAD COMB 0.864 -0.000 -0.301 0.000 0.301
Max Y 1 3:LOAD COMB 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000
Min Y 6 3:LOAD COMB 0.540 -0.000 -0.538 -11.432 11.444
Max Z 1 3:LOAD COMB 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000
Min Z 17 3:LOAD COMB 0.252 0.000 -0.025 -14.092 14.092
Max Rst 17 3:LOAD COMB 0.252 0.000 -0.025 -14.092 14.092
Page 31
Job No Sheet No Rev
1
Part
Job Title Ref
Beam Maximum Forces by Section Property

Axial Shear Torsion Bending
Section Max Fx Max Fy Max Fz Max Mx Max My Max Mz
(kN) (kN) (kN) (kNm) (kNm) (kNm)
MULLION100X45 Max +ve 1.464 2.710 0.044 0.000 0.023 0.119
Max -ve -2.755 -0.048 0.000 -0.021 -1.794
TRANSOM100X45 Max +ve 0.000 0.000 0.517 0.119 0.032 0.000
Max -ve -0.039 -0.000 -0.517 -0.119 -0.079 -0.000
Page 32
Job No Sheet No Rev
Bottom reaction summary 1
Part
Job Title Ref
Reaction Summary
Horizontal Vertical Horizontal Moment
Node L/C FX FY FZ MX MY MZ
Max FX 4 5:LOAD COMB 0.002 1.327 1.447 0.000 0.000 0.000
Min FX 1 5:LOAD COMB -0.002 1.327 1.447 0.000 0.000 0.000
Max FY 2 5:LOAD COMB 0.000 2.387 2.710 0.000 0.000 0.000
Min FY 4 4:LOAD COMB 0.002 1.137 1.241 0.000 0.000 0.000
Max FZ 2 5:LOAD COMB 0.000 2.387 2.710 0.000 0.000 0.000
Min FZ 1 4:LOAD COMB -0.002 1.138 1.241 0.000 0.000 0.000
Max MX 1 4:LOAD COMB -0.002 1.138 1.241 0.000 0.000 0.000
Min MX 1 4:LOAD COMB -0.002 1.138 1.241 0.000 0.000 0.000
Max MY 1 4:LOAD COMB -0.002 1.138 1.241 0.000 0.000 0.000
Min MY 1 4:LOAD COMB -0.002 1.138 1.241 0.000 0.000 0.000
Max MZ 1 4:LOAD COMB -0.002 1.138 1.241 0.000 0.000 0.000
Min MZ 1 4:LOAD COMB -0.002 1.138 1.241 0.000 0.000 0.000
Page 33
Job No Sheet No Rev
Top bracket reaction summary 1
Part
Job Title Ref
Reaction Summary
Max FX 16 5:LOAD COMB 0.048 0.000 1.403 0.000 0.000 0.000
Min FX 13 5:LOAD COMB -0.044 0.000 1.403 0.000 0.000 0.000
Max FY 13 4:LOAD COMB -0.038 0.000 1.202 0.000 0.000 0.000
Min FY 13 4:LOAD COMB -0.038 0.000 1.202 0.000 0.000 0.000
Max FZ 14 5:LOAD COMB -0.002 0.000 2.755 0.000 0.000 0.000
Min FZ 13 4:LOAD COMB -0.038 0.000 1.202 0.000 0.000 0.000
Max MX 13 4:LOAD COMB -0.038 0.000 1.202 0.000 0.000 0.000
Min MX 13 4:LOAD COMB -0.038 0.000 1.202 0.000 0.000 0.000
Max MY 13 4:LOAD COMB -0.038 0.000 1.202 0.000 0.000 0.000
Min MY 13 4:LOAD COMB -0.038 0.000 1.202 0.000 0.000 0.000
Max MZ 13 4:LOAD COMB -0.038 0.000 1.202 0.000 0.000 0.000
Min MZ 13 4:LOAD COMB -0.038 0.000 1.202 0.000 0.000 0.000
Page 34
6.2 Curtain wall Analysis 3.5m height.
Page 35
Page 36
Page 37
Glass Load Computation (Dead Load):
Density of glass, d = 2500 Kg/m³
Thickness of Internal glass t1 = 13.52 mm
Thickness of external glass t2 = 6 mm
Total thickness of glass Tthick = 19.52 mm
Total weight of glass Tglass = 48.8 Kg/m²
Glass adopter provided on both side to transfer load of glass on transom, so considering point load on both
side @ 150mm from the ends
10% additional Load distribution on
Height of Glass weight of glass transom on both side
SI No. Width of Glass (clear opening) Weight of Glass (Accessories) (D/2)
meter meter Kg Kg KN
1 1.5 2.43 177.876 17.788 0.960
2 1.5 0.44 32.208 3.221 0.174
3 1.5 0.63 46.116 4.612 0.249
4 1.53 2.43 181.434 18.143 0.979
5 1.53 0.44 32.852 3.285 0.177
6 1.53 0.63 47.038 4.704 0.254
Wind Load Computation:
Width of Panel Wind Pressure on Uniform load on

SI No. 1 Width of Panel 2 Tributary width Mullion Mullion
m m m Kpa KN
1 0 1.53 0.765 1.740 1.331
2 1.53 1.5 1.515 1.740 2.636
3 1.5 1.53 1.515 1.740 2.636
4 1.53 0 0.765 1.740 1.331
Page 38
Job No Sheet No Rev
1
Part
Job Title Ref
Client File Curtain wall 3.5m Height GDate/Time 21-Dec-2017 13:22
Job Information
Engineer Checked Approved
Name:
Date: 19-Dec-17
Structure Type SPACE FRAME
Number of Nodes 20 Highest Node 20

Number of Elements 31 Highest Beam 31
Number of Basic Load Cases 2

Number of Combination Load Cases 3
Included in this printout are data for:

All The Whole Structure
Included in this printout are results for load cases:

Type L/C Name
Primary 1 DEAD LOAD

Primary 2 WIND LOAD
Combination 3 LOAD COMBINATION FOR DEFELCTION
Combination 4 LOAD COMBINATION FOR LIMIT STATE
Combination 5 LOAD COMBINATION FOR ANCHOR DES
Nodes
Node X Y Z
(m) (m) (m)
1 0.000 0.000 0.000
2 1.530 0.000 0.000
3 3.030 0.000 0.000
4 4.530 0.000 0.000
5 0.000 2.430 0.000
6 1.530 2.430 0.000
7 3.030 2.430 0.000
8 4.530 2.430 0.000
9 0.000 2.870 0.000
10 1.530 2.870 0.000
11 3.030 2.870 0.000
12 4.530 2.870 0.000
13 0.000 3.500 0.000
14 1.530 3.500 0.000
15 3.030 3.500 0.000
16 4.530 3.500 0.000
17 6.060 0.000 0.000
18 6.060 2.430 0.000
19 6.060 2.870 0.000
20 6.060 3.500 0.000
Page 39
Job No Sheet No Rev
2
Part
Job Title Ref
Beams
Beam Node A Node B Length Property 
(m) (degrees)
1 1 2 1.530 2 90
2 2 3 1.500 2 90
3 3 4 1.500 2 90
4 5 6 1.530 2 90
5 6 7 1.500 2 90
6 7 8 1.500 2 90
7 9 10 1.530 2 90
8 10 11 1.500 2 90
9 11 12 1.500 2 90
10 13 14 1.530 2 90
11 14 15 1.500 2 90
12 15 16 1.500 2 90
13 1 5 2.430 1 90
14 5 9 0.440 1 90
15 9 13 0.630 1 90
16 2 6 2.430 1 90
17 6 10 0.440 1 90
18 10 14 0.630 1 90
19 3 7 2.430 1 90
20 7 11 0.440 1 90
21 11 15 0.630 1 90
22 4 8 2.430 1 90
23 8 12 0.440 1 90
24 12 16 0.630 1 90
25 17 18 2.430 1 90
26 18 19 0.440 1 90
27 19 20 0.630 1 90
28 4 17 1.530 2 90
29 8 18 1.530 2 90
30 12 19 1.530 2 90
31 16 20 1.530 2 90
Section Properties
Prop Section Area Iyy Izz J Material
(cm2) (cm4) (cm4) (cm4)
1 MULLION120X45 18.260 46.466 480.200 103.559 ALUMINUM
2 TRANSOM120X45 8.580 178.900 26.433 103.559 ALUMINUM
Materials
Mat Name E  Density 
(kN/mm2) (kg/m3) (1/°K)
1 STEEL 205.000 0.300 7.83E+3 12E -6
2 STAINLESSSTEEL 197.930 0.300 7.83E+3 18E -6
3 ALUMINUM 68.948 0.330 2.71E+3 23E -6
4 CONCRETE 21.718 0.170 2.4E+3 10E -6
Page 40
Job No Sheet No Rev
3
Part
Job Title Ref
Supports
Node X Y Z rX rY rZ
(kN/mm) (kN/mm) (kN/mm) (kN-m/deg) (kN-m/deg) (kN-m/deg)
Basic Load Cases

Number Name
1 DEAD LOAD
2 WIND LOAD
Combination Load Cases

Comb. Combination L/C Name Primary Primary L/C Name Factor
3 LOAD COMBINATION FOR DEFELCTION 1 DEAD LOAD 1.00

2 WIND LOAD 1.00
4 LOAD COMBINATION FOR LIMIT STATE 1 DEAD LOAD 1.20
2 WIND LOAD 1.20
5 LOAD COMBINATION FOR ANCHOR DES 1 DEAD LOAD 1.40
2 WIND LOAD 1.40
Page 41
Job No Sheet No Rev
1
Part
Job Title Ref
Entity Color Legend

MULLION120X45
TRANSOM120X45
Default Plate Color
Default Solid Color
Y
X
Z Load 3
Whole Structure
Page 42
Job No Sheet No Rev
2
Part
Job Title Ref
Y
X
Z Load 1
Self weight
Page 43
Job No Sheet No Rev
1
Part
Job Title Ref
Node Displacement Summary

Node L/C X Y Z Resultant rX rY rZ
(mm) (mm) (mm) (mm) (rad) (rad) (rad)
Max X 1 3:LOAD COMB 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 -0.008 0.002 0.000
Min X 5 3:LOAD COMB -0.073 -0.012 -7.145 7.146 0.004 0.002 -0.000
Max Y 1 3:LOAD COMB 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 -0.008 0.002 0.000
Min Y 15 3:LOAD COMB 0.000 -0.023 0.000 0.023 0.014 -0.000 -0.000
Max Z 1 3:LOAD COMB 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 -0.008 0.002 0.000
Min Z 7 3:LOAD COMB -0.071 -0.021 -12.855 12.856 0.008 -0.000 -0.000
Max rX 15 3:LOAD COMB 0.000 -0.023 0.000 0.023 0.014 -0.000 -0.000
Min rX 3 3:LOAD COMB 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 -0.014 -0.000 0.000
Max rY 1 3:LOAD COMB 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 -0.008 0.002 0.000
Min rY 17 3:LOAD COMB 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 -0.008 -0.002 0.000
Max rZ 2 3:LOAD COMB 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 -0.014 0.000 0.001
Min rZ 9 3:LOAD COMB -0.038 -0.013 -4.712 4.712 0.007 0.002 -0.000
Max Rst 7 3:LOAD COMB -0.071 -0.021 -12.855 12.856 0.008 -0.000 -0.000
Beam Displacement Detail Summary

Displacements shown in italic indicate the presence of an offset
Beam L/C d X Y Z Resultant
(m) (mm) (mm) (mm) (mm)
Max X 28 3:LOAD COMB 0.765 0.000 -0.355 0.000 0.355
Min X 16 3:LOAD COMB 0.972 -0.303 -0.008 -11.504 11.508
Max Y 1 3:LOAD COMB 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000
Min Y 28 3:LOAD COMB 0.765 0.000 -0.355 0.000 0.355
Max Z 12 3:LOAD COMB 0.600 -0.000 -0.027 0.019 0.033
Min Z 19 3:LOAD COMB 1.701 -0.079 -0.014 -15.445 15.445
Max Rst 19 3:LOAD COMB 1.701 -0.079 -0.014 -15.445 15.445
Page 44
Job No Sheet No Rev
1
Part
Job Title Ref
Beam Maximum Forces by Section Property

Axial Shear Torsion Bending
Section Max Fx Max Fy Max Fz Max Mx Max My Max Mz
MULLION120X45 Max +ve 1.577 6.448 0.031 0.000 0.045 0.126
Max -ve -6.512 -0.100 -0.003 -0.037 -5.597
TRANSOM120X45 Max +ve 0.059 0.002 1.424 0.139 0.063 0.003
Max -ve -0.110 -0.002 -1.395 -0.139 -0.215 -0.003
Page 45
Job No Sheet No Rev
Bottom bracket reaction summary 1
Part
Job Title Ref
Reaction Summary
Max FX 17 5:LOAD COMB 0.003 2.351 3.317 0.000 0.000 0.000
Min FX 2 5:LOAD COMB -0.024 4.349 6.407 0.000 0.000 0.000
Max FY 2 5:LOAD COMB -0.024 4.349 6.407 0.000 0.000 0.000
Min FY 1 4:LOAD COMB 0.001 1.974 2.843 0.000 0.000 0.000
Max FZ 3 5:LOAD COMB 0.002 4.313 6.448 0.000 0.000 0.000
Min FZ 1 4:LOAD COMB 0.001 1.974 2.843 0.000 0.000 0.000
Max MX 1 4:LOAD COMB 0.001 1.974 2.843 0.000 0.000 0.000
Min MX 1 4:LOAD COMB 0.001 1.974 2.843 0.000 0.000 0.000
Max MY 1 4:LOAD COMB 0.001 1.974 2.843 0.000 0.000 0.000
Min MY 1 4:LOAD COMB 0.001 1.974 2.843 0.000 0.000 0.000
Max MZ 1 4:LOAD COMB 0.001 1.974 2.843 0.000 0.000 0.000
Min MZ 1 4:LOAD COMB 0.001 1.974 2.843 0.000 0.000 0.000
Page 46
Job No Sheet No Rev
Part
Job Title Ref
Reaction Summary
Max FX 20 5:LOAD COMB 0.040 0.000 3.205 0.000 0.000 0.000
Min FX 13 5:LOAD COMB -0.028 0.000 3.205 0.000 0.000 0.000
Max FY 13 4:LOAD COMB -0.024 0.000 2.747 0.000 0.000 0.000
Min FY 13 4:LOAD COMB -0.024 0.000 2.747 0.000 0.000 0.000
Max FZ 14 5:LOAD COMB 0.000 0.000 6.510 0.000 0.000 0.000
Min FZ 20 4:LOAD COMB 0.034 0.000 2.747 0.000 0.000 0.000
Max MX 13 4:LOAD COMB -0.024 0.000 2.747 0.000 0.000 0.000
Min MX 13 4:LOAD COMB -0.024 0.000 2.747 0.000 0.000 0.000
Max MY 13 4:LOAD COMB -0.024 0.000 2.747 0.000 0.000 0.000
Min MY 13 4:LOAD COMB -0.024 0.000 2.747 0.000 0.000 0.000
Max MZ 13 4:LOAD COMB -0.024 0.000 2.747 0.000 0.000 0.000
Min MZ 13 4:LOAD COMB -0.024 0.000 2.747 0.000 0.000 0.000
Page 47
7.0 Bottom Bracket design
Page 48
Page 49
Job No Sheet No Rev
Bottom reaction summary 1
Part
Job Title Ref
Reaction Summary
Max FX 4 5:LOAD COMB 0.002 1.327 1.447 0.000 0.000 0.000
Min FX 1 5:LOAD COMB -0.002 1.327 1.447 0.000 0.000 0.000
Max FY 2 5:LOAD COMB 0.000 2.387 2.710 0.000 0.000 0.000
Min FY 4 4:LOAD COMB 0.002 1.137 1.241 0.000 0.000 0.000
Max FZ 2 5:LOAD COMB 0.000 2.387 2.710 0.000 0.000 0.000
Min FZ 1 4:LOAD COMB -0.002 1.138 1.241 0.000 0.000 0.000
Max MX 1 4:LOAD COMB -0.002 1.138 1.241 0.000 0.000 0.000
Min MX 1 4:LOAD COMB -0.002 1.138 1.241 0.000 0.000 0.000
Max MY 1 4:LOAD COMB -0.002 1.138 1.241 0.000 0.000 0.000
Min MY 1 4:LOAD COMB -0.002 1.138 1.241 0.000 0.000 0.000
Max MZ 1 4:LOAD COMB -0.002 1.138 1.241 0.000 0.000 0.000
Min MZ 1 4:LOAD COMB -0.002 1.138 1.241 0.000 0.000 0.000
Page 50
ANALYSIS OF STEEL BRACKET:
Rwind = 2.71 KN Fz Support reactions due to wind load

STAAD output file (factorized load)
Rdead = 2.387 KN FY Support reactions due to dead load

Horizon = 0.002 kN Fx
Check for Fin Bolt(s) as per BS 8118‐1: 1991
Size = M10 Bolt Size
grade = A4‐70 Grade Considered
Vbolt = sqrt(Rwind² + Rdead²)/2 = 1.806 kN
Vbolt = 1.806 kN Shear Load at bolt cross‐section

double shear (factored)
VR = 15.53 kN Shear capacity of chosen bolt

size/grade
Since; Vbolt = 1.806 KN < VR = 15.53 kN OK
Check for Tension
T1bolt = Fx = 0.002 kN
TR = 26.1 kN Tension capacity of chosen bolt

size/grade
Since; Tbolt = 0.002 KN < TR = 26.1 kN OK
Combined check for Tension & shear
(Tbolt/TR)² + (Vbolt/VR)² = 0.014 < 1.4 OK
Check for bearing
df = 10 mm Fastener diameter (nominal)
t = 1.8 mm Bearing thickness (mullion)
γm = 1.2 Material factor
Pa = 460 Mpa Limiting stress for local capacity
BRP = 10.35 KN Bearing capacity (as per BS 8118: part1 & BS‐5950)
Page 51
Since; Vbolt = 1.806 KN < BRP = 10.35 kN OK
Thus the strength requirements for the fin bolt are satisfied
Check for built‐up Steel bracket (fin plate) as per BS 5950:part1:2000
Py = 275 Mpa Design strength
tf = 6 mm Section thickness
bf = 70 mm Section width
Zzf = 2*tf.bf²/6 Elastic Section Modulus
Zzf = 9800 mm3 Bending moment capacity
Mrzf = py.Zzf/γm
Mrzf = 2.246 kNm
Mzf = 0.11935 Actual moment
Since; Mzf = 0.119 KNm < Mrzf = 2.246 KNm OK
The strength requirements for the fin plates and welds are satisfied
Computation for width of compression triangle
mr = 70000 Mpa/29000 Mpa = 2.414 Modular Ratio
pg = 30 Mpa Concrete strength
pt = 600 Mpa Bolt Strength
n = mr.pg.40 mm/mr.pg+pt = 4.308 Width of compression Triangle

refer to figure
Tbolt= [Rdead (40+ 10)mm + Rwind(40 mm ‐ n/3)]/2 . ( 40 mm ‐ n/3)
Tbolt= 2.902 KN tensile load on anchor bolts considering

20mm tolerence
tb = 8 mm Section thickness
bb = 215 mm Section width
sxb = 0.25.bb.tb² = 3440 mm3 Plastic section capacity
Page 52
MRb = py.sxb/γm = 0.788 kNm Bending moment capacity
Mb = Tbolt. 50mm = 0.145 kNm Local bending moment at base plate
Since; Mb = 0.145 KNm < MRb = 0.788 KNm OK
The strength requirement for the base plate is satisfied
Check for Anchor bolts at Steel Bracket
Vabolt= Rdead
Vabolt= 2.387 kN
Tabolt= Rwind
Tabolt= 2.71 kN
Mabolt= Rdead(40+10) mm
Mabolt= 0.11935
use anchor bolt 2 M‐10 for detail refer the anchor design.
Page 53
C-FIX 1.63.0.0
Database version
2017.10.16.9.12
Date
23/12/2017
fischer FZE
Jebel Ali Free Zone Warehouse No XB

01
P.O. Box 261738 Dubai
Enquiry@fischer.ae
www.fischer.ae
Design Specifications
Anchor
Anchor system fischer Bolt anchor FAZ II
Anchor Bolt anchor FAZ II 10/10, zinc plated steel
Anchorage depth 40 mm
Design Data Anchor design in Concrete according European Technical
Assessment ETA-05/0069, Option 1,
Issued 03/07/2017
Geometry / Loads / Scale units

mm, kN, kNm
Value of design actions (including
partial safety factor for the load) Static
Not drawn to scale
The input values and the design results should be checked against local valid standards and approvals. Please respect the disclaimer of warranty in
the license agreement of the Software.
Page 54
Page 1
C-FIX 1.63.0.0
Database version
2017.10.16.9.12
Date
23/12/2017
Input data
Design method TR055/ETAG 001, Annex C, Method A

Base material Normal weight concrete, C30/37, EN 206
Concrete condition Cracked, dry hole
Reinforcement No or standard reinforcement. Edge reinforcement with
stirrups. With reinforcement against splitting
Drilling method hammer drilling
Installation type Push-through installation
Annular gap Annular gap not filled
Type of loading Static or quasi-static
Base plate location Base plate flush installed on base material
Base plate geometry 70 mm x 215 mm x 8 mm
Profile type Customized profile
Design actions *⁾
# NSd VSd,x VSd,y MSd,x MSd,y MT,Sd Type of loading
kN kN kN kNm kNm kNm
1 2.39 0.00 2.71 0.00 -0.12 0.00 Static or quasi-static
*⁾ The required partial safety factors for actions are included
Resulting anchor forces

Tensile action Shear Action Shear Action x Shear Action y
Anchor no. kN kN kN kN
1 3.09 1.36 0.00 1.36
2 3.09 1.36 0.00 1.36
max. concrete compressive strain : 0.11 ‰

max. concrete compressive stress : 3.5 N/mm²
Resulting tensile actions : 6.19 kN , X/Y position ( 0 / 0 )
Resulting compression actions : 3.80 kN , X/Y position ( -32 / 0 )
Resistance to tension loads
Action Capacity Utilisation βN

Proof kN kN %
Steel failure * 3.09 18.87 16.4
Pullout failure * 3.09 10.57 29.3
Concrete cone failure 3.09 7.39 41.9
* Most unfavourable anchor
Page 55
Page 2
C-FIX 1.63.0.0
Database version
2017.10.16.9.12
Date
23/12/2017
Steel failure
( NRd,s )
NRk,s γMs NRd,s NSd βN,s

kN kN kN %
28.30 1.50 18.87 3.09 16.4
βN,s
Anchor no. % Group N° Decisive Beta
1 16.4 1 βN,s;1
2 16.4 2 βN,s;2
Pullout failure
( NRd,p )
NRk,p Ψc γMp NRd,p NSd βN,p

kN kN kN %
15.86 1.220 1.50 10.57 3.09 29.3
The given Psi,c-factor may has been determined by interpolation.
βN,p
1, 2 29.3 1 βN,p;1
Concrete cone failure
( NRd,c )
Eq. (5.2)
Eq. (5.2a)
Eq. (5.2c)
Eq. (5.2d)
Page 56
Page 3
C-FIX 1.63.0.0
Database version
2017.10.16.9.12
Date
23/12/2017
Eq. (5.2e)
NRk,c γMc NRd,c NSd βN,c

kN kN kN %
11.08 1.50 7.39 3.09 41.9
βN,c
1 41.9 1 βN,c;1
2 41.9 2 βN,c;2
Resistance to shear loads
Proof Action Capacity Utilisation βV

kN kN %
Steel failure without lever arm * 1.36 17.12 7.9
Concrete pry-out failure 1.36 19.20 7.1
Steel failure without lever arm
( VRd,s )
VRk,s γMs VRd,s VSd βVs

kN kN kN %
21.40 1.25 17.12 1.36 7.9
βVs
1 7.9 1 βVs;1
2 7.9 2 βVs;2
Concrete pry-out failure
( VRd,cp )
Eq. (5.6)
Page 57
Page 4
C-FIX 1.63.0.0
Database version
2017.10.16.9.12
Date
23/12/2017
Eq. (5.2)
Eq. (5.2a)
Eq. (5.2c)
Eq. (5.2d)
Eq. (5.2e)
VRk,cp γMc VRd,cp VSd βV,cp

kN kN kN %
28.81 1.50 19.20 1.36 7.1
βV,cp
1 7.1 1 βV,cp;1
2 7.1 2 βV,cp;2
Utilization of tension and shear loads
Tension loads Utilisation βN Shear Loads Utilisation βV

% %
Steel failure * 16.4 Steel failure without lever arm * 7.9
Pullout failure * 29.3 Concrete pry-out failure 7.1
Concrete cone failure 41.9
Resistance to combined tensile and shear loads

Eq. (5.8a)
Proof successful Eq. (5.8b)
Eq. (5.9)
Information concerning the anchor plate

Base plate details
Plate thickness specified by user without proof t = 8 mm
Page 58
Page 5
C-FIX 1.63.0.0
Database version
2017.10.16.9.12
Date
23/12/2017
Technical remarks
All data and information in the software is based on fischer products and common engineering knowledge. Please
check all the proof results against local valid standards and approvals.
As fischer is not the design office, the attached is no guarantee for incorrect input or assumptions. Any
recommendations have to be approved by the building-authority or project engineer. Results are valid only for
anchor system calculated in the attached. If any part of the system is changed, it will invalidate this report and new
calculations would be required. The calculation was done under the assumption that a sufficient
splitting reinforcement is available. In this case the spliiting
failure can be omitted.
The transmission of the anchor loads to the supports of the concrete member shall be shown for the ultimate limit state and
the serviceability limit state; for this purpose, the normal verifications shall be carried out under due consideration of the
actions introduced by the anchors. For these verifications the additional provisions given in the current design method shall
be taken into account.
As a pre-condition the anchor plate is assumed to be flat when subjected to the actions. Therefore, the plate must be
sufficiently stiff. The C-Fix anchor plate design is based on a proof of stresses and does not allow a statement about
the stiffness of the plate. The proof of the necessary stiffness is not carried out by C-Fix.
Page 59
Page 6
C-FIX 1.63.0.0
Database version
2017.10.16.9.12
Date
23/12/2017
Installation data
Anchor
Anchor Bolt anchor FAZ II 10/10, zinc Art.-No. 94981
plated steel
Accessories Blow-out pump ABG big Art.-No. 89300

Hammer drill bit SDS Plus IV Art.-No. 504140
10/100/160
Installation details
Thread diameter M 10
Drill hole diameter d0 = 10 mm
Drill hole depth h2 = 65 mm
Anchorage depth hef = 40 mm
Drill hole cleaning only blow out by hand
Installation torque Tinst = 45.0 Nm
Socket size 17 mm
Base plate thickness t = 8 mm
Total fixing thickness tfix = 8 mm
Tfix,max tfix, max = 30 mm
Base plate details

Base plate material S 275
Clearance hole in base df=12 mm
plate
Attachment
Distance between profiles 15 mm
Profile dimensions mm
Height 6
Width 70
Anchor coordinates
x y
Anchor no. mm mm
1 0 72.5
2 0 -72.5
Page 60
Page 7
8.0 Top Bracket design
Page 61
Page 62
Job No Sheet No Rev
Part
Job Title Ref
Reaction Summary
Max FX 16 5:LOAD COMB 0.048 0.000 1.403 0.000 0.000 0.000
Min FX 13 5:LOAD COMB -0.044 0.000 1.403 0.000 0.000 0.000
Max FY 13 4:LOAD COMB -0.038 0.000 1.202 0.000 0.000 0.000
Min FY 13 4:LOAD COMB -0.038 0.000 1.202 0.000 0.000 0.000
Max FZ 14 5:LOAD COMB -0.002 0.000 2.755 0.000 0.000 0.000
Min FZ 13 4:LOAD COMB -0.038 0.000 1.202 0.000 0.000 0.000
Max MX 13 4:LOAD COMB -0.038 0.000 1.202 0.000 0.000 0.000
Min MX 13 4:LOAD COMB -0.038 0.000 1.202 0.000 0.000 0.000
Max MY 13 4:LOAD COMB -0.038 0.000 1.202 0.000 0.000 0.000
Min MY 13 4:LOAD COMB -0.038 0.000 1.202 0.000 0.000 0.000
Max MZ 13 4:LOAD COMB -0.038 0.000 1.202 0.000 0.000 0.000
Min MZ 13 4:LOAD COMB -0.038 0.000 1.202 0.000 0.000 0.000
Page 63
ANALYSIS OF STEEL BRACKET:
Rwind = 2.755 KN Fz Support reactions due to wind load

Rdead = 0 KN FY
Horizon = 0.048 kN Fx
Check for Fin Bolt(s) as per BS 8118‐1: 1991
Size = M10 Bolt Size
grade = A4‐70 Grade Considered
Vbolt = sqrt(Rwind² + Rdead²)/2 = 1.378 kN
Vbolt = 1.378 kN Shear Load at bolt cross‐section

double shear (factored)
VR = 15.53 kN Shear capacity of chosen bolt

size/grade
Since; Vbolt = 1.378 KN < VR = 15.53 kN OK
Check for Tension
Tbolt = Fx = 0.048 kN
TR = 26.1 kN Tension capacity of chosen bolt

size/grade
Since; Tbolt = 0.048 KN < TR = 26.1 kN OK
Combined check for Tension & shear
(Tbolt/TR)² + (Vbolt/VR)² = 0.008 < 1.4 OK
Check for bearing
df = 10 mm Fastener diameter (nominal)
t = 1.8 mm Bearing thickness
γm = 1.2 Material factor table 3.3 of BS8118: part1
Pa = 460 Mpa Limiting stress for local capacity
BRP = 13.8 KN Bearing capacity (as per BS 8118: part1)
Page 64
Since; Vbolt = 1.378 KN < BRP = 13.8 kN OK
Thus the strength requirements for the fin bolt are satisfied
Check for built‐up steel bracket (fin plate) as per BS 5950:part1:2000
tf = 6 mm Section thickness
bf = 70 mm Section width
Zzf = 2*tf.bf²/6 Elastic Section Modulus
Zzf = 9800 mm3 Bending moment capacity
Mrf = py.Zzf/γm
Mrf = 2.246 kNm
Mf = Rwind (40+ 20) Bending Moment at Fin Plate
Mf = 0.220 kNm Considering 20mm tolerence
Since; Mf = 0.220 KNm < Mrf = 2.246 KNm OK
The strength requirements for the fin plates and welds are satisfied
Computation for width of compression triangle
mr = 70000 Mpa/29000 Mpa = 2.414 Modular Ratio
pg = 30 Mpa Concrete strength
pt = 600 Mpa Bolt Strength
n = mr.pg.40 mm/mr.pg+pt = 4.308 Width of compression Triangle

refer to figure
Tbolt= [Rwind (40 + 20)mm + Rdead(40 mm ‐ n/3)]/2 . ( 40 mm ‐ n/3)
Tbolt= 2.143 KN tensile load on anchor bolts considering

20mm tolerence
tb = 8 mm Section thickness
bb = 215 mm Section width
Page 65
sxb = 0.25.bb.tb² = 3440 mm3 Plastic section capacity
MRb = py.sxb/γm = 0.788 kNm Bending moment capacity
Mb = Tbolt.55mm = 0.118 kNm Local bending moment at base plate
Since; Mb = 0.118 KNm < MRb = 0.788 KNm OK
The strength requirement for the base plate is satisfied
Check for Anchor bolts at Steel Bracket
Tabolt= Rwind
Tabolt= 2.755 kN
Mabolt= Rwind(40+20) mm
Mabolt= 0.1653
use anchor bolt 2 M‐10 for detail refer the anchor design.
Page 66
C-FIX 1.63.0.0
Database version
2017.10.16.9.12
Date
23/12/2017
fischer FZE
Jebel Ali Free Zone Warehouse No XB

01
P.O. Box 261738 Dubai
Enquiry@fischer.ae
www.fischer.ae
Design Specifications
Anchor
Anchor Bolt anchor FAZ II 10/10, zinc plated steel
Anchorage depth 40 mm
Design Data Anchor design in Concrete according European Technical
Assessment ETA-05/0069, Option 1,
Issued 03/07/2017
Geometry / Loads / Scale units

mm, kN, kNm
Value of design actions (including
partial safety factor for the load) Static
Not drawn to scale
Page 67
Page 1
C-FIX 1.63.0.0
Database version
2017.10.16.9.12
Date
23/12/2017
Input data
Design method TR055/ETAG 001, Annex C, Method A

Base material Normal weight concrete, C30/37, EN 206
Concrete condition Cracked, dry hole
Reinforcement No or standard reinforcement. Edge reinforcement with
stirrups. With reinforcement against splitting
Type of loading Static or quasi-static
Base plate location Base plate flush installed on base material
Base plate geometry 70 mm x 215 mm x 8 mm
Design actions *⁾
# NSd VSd,x VSd,y MSd,x MSd,y MT,Sd Type of loading
kN kN kN kNm kNm kNm
1 2.76 0.00 0.00 0.00 -0.16 0.00 Static or quasi-static
*⁾ The required partial safety factors for actions are included
Resulting anchor forces

Tensile action Shear Action Shear Action x Shear Action y
Anchor no. kN kN kN kN
1 3.92 0.00 0.00 0.00
2 3.92 0.00 0.00 0.00
max. concrete compressive strain : 0.14 ‰

max. concrete compressive stress : 4.5 N/mm²
Resulting tensile actions : 7.84 kN , X/Y position ( 0 / 0 )
Resulting compression actions : 5.08 kN , X/Y position ( -32 / 0 )
Resistance to tension loads
Action Capacity Utilisation βN

Proof kN kN %
Steel failure * 3.92 18.87 20.8
Pullout failure * 3.92 10.57 37.1
Concrete cone failure 3.92 7.39 53.1
Page 68
Page 2
C-FIX 1.63.0.0
Database version
2017.10.16.9.12
Date
23/12/2017
Steel failure
( NRd,s )
NRk,s γMs NRd,s NSd βN,s

kN kN kN %
28.30 1.50 18.87 3.92 20.8
βN,s
1 20.8 1 βN,s;1
2 20.8 2 βN,s;2
Pullout failure
( NRd,p )
NRk,p Ψc γMp NRd,p NSd βN,p

kN kN kN %
15.86 1.220 1.50 10.57 3.92 37.1
The given Psi,c-factor may has been determined by interpolation.
βN,p
1, 2 37.1 1 βN,p;1
Concrete cone failure
( NRd,c )
Eq. (5.2)
Eq. (5.2a)
Eq. (5.2c)
Eq. (5.2d)
Page 69
Page 3
C-FIX 1.63.0.0
Database version
2017.10.16.9.12
Date
23/12/2017
Eq. (5.2e)
NRk,c γMc NRd,c NSd βN,c

kN kN kN %
11.08 1.50 7.39 3.92 53.1
βN,c
1 53.1 1 βN,c;1
2 53.1 2 βN,c;2
Resistance to combined tensile and shear loads
Proof successful (5.8a)
Information concerning the anchor plate

Base plate details
Plate thickness specified by user without proof t = 8 mm
Technical remarks
All data and information in the software is based on fischer products and common engineering knowledge. Please
check all the proof results against local valid standards and approvals.
As fischer is not the design office, the attached is no guarantee for incorrect input or assumptions. Any
recommendations have to be approved by the building-authority or project engineer. Results are valid only for
anchor system calculated in the attached. If any part of the system is changed, it will invalidate this report and new
calculations would be required. The calculation was done under the assumption that a sufficient
splitting reinforcement is available. In this case the spliiting
failure can be omitted.
The transmission of the anchor loads to the supports of the concrete member shall be shown for the ultimate limit state and
the serviceability limit state; for this purpose, the normal verifications shall be carried out under due consideration of the
actions introduced by the anchors. For these verifications the additional provisions given in the current design method shall
be taken into account.
As a pre-condition the anchor plate is assumed to be flat when subjected to the actions. Therefore, the plate must be
sufficiently stiff. The C-Fix anchor plate design is based on a proof of stresses and does not allow a statement about
the stiffness of the plate. The proof of the necessary stiffness is not carried out by C-Fix.
Page 70
Page 4
C-FIX 1.63.0.0
Database version
2017.10.16.9.12
Date
23/12/2017
Installation data
Anchor
Anchor Bolt anchor FAZ II 10/10, zinc Art.-No. 94981
plated steel
Accessories Blow-out pump ABG big Art.-No. 89300

Hammer drill bit SDS Plus IV Art.-No. 504140
10/100/160
Installation details
Thread diameter M 10
Drill hole diameter d0 = 10 mm
Drill hole depth h2 = 65 mm
Anchorage depth hef = 40 mm
Drill hole cleaning only blow out by hand
Installation torque Tinst = 45.0 Nm
Socket size 17 mm
Total fixing thickness tfix = 8 mm
Tfix,max tfix, max = 30 mm
Base plate details

Base plate material S 275
Clearance hole in base df=12 mm
plate
Attachment
Distance between profiles 15 mm
Profile dimensions mm
Height 6
Width 70
Anchor coordinates
x y
Anchor no. mm mm
1 0 72.5
2 0 -72.5
Page 71
Page 5
9.0 Analysis of Glass
Page 72
ANALYSIS OF CURTAIN WALL GLASS
13.52mm laminated (glass inner) + 18 mm Air gap + 6mm fully tempered glass (outer)
Reference Drawings and Pane
a = 1260 mm Long side
b = 1080 mm Short side
t1 = 13.52 mm Interior Lite Thickness LG
t2 = 6 mm Exterior Lite Thickness FT
AR = a/b = 1.167 Aspect Ratio
Computation for Load Resistance Capacity
As per ASTME 1300‐03
qw = 1.3 kPa Design wind pressure
NFL1 = 8 kPa Non factored load for 13.52mm interior lite‐figureA1.9
GT1 = 3.6 Glass type factor for interior lite‐FT (Table 2)
LS1 = 1.1 Load share factor for interior lite ‐ table 5
LR1 = NFL1.GT1.LS1 kPa Load Resistance Capacity ‐ for interior Lite
LR1 = 31.68 kPa
NFL2 = 2.6 kPa Non factored load for 6mm Exterior lite‐figureA1.6
GT2 = 3.6 Glass type factor for interior lite‐FT (Table 2)
LS2 = 10.8 Load share factor for interior lite ‐ table 5
LR2 = NFL2.GT2.LS2 kPa Load Resistance Capacity ‐ for interior Lite
LR2 = 101.088 kPa

LR = min(LR1,LR2)
LR = 31.68 kPa
Since qw = 1.3 Kpa < LR = 31.68 Kpa OK
Ok for 13.52mm laminated FT glass + 6mm fully tempered glass in strength
Page 73
Computation for Center of Glass Deflection
using alternate analysis prescribed by ASTM E1300‐03
qdef = qw Design wind pressure
qdef = 1.3 Kpa
E = 71700 Mpa Modulus of Elasticity for Glass
AR = 1.167 Aspect Ratio
r0 = 0.553 ‐ 3.83 AR + 1.11 AR² ‐ 0.0969 AR³
r0 = ‐2.558 Calculation Parameters
r1 = ‐2.29 + 5.83 AR ‐ 2.17 AR² + 0.2067 AR³
r1 = 1.886 Calculation Parameter
r2 = 1.485 ‐ 1.91 AR + 0.82 AR² ‐ 0.0822 AR³
r2 = 0.242 Calculation Parameter
Ls1 = t1³/(t1³+t2³) = 0.919623 Deflection load share factor for interior lite
Ls2 = t2³/(t1³+t2³) = 0.080377 Deflection load share factor for exterior lite
X1 = ln[ ln {Ls1.qdef.((a.b)²/(E.t14))}] = 0.790 For interior lite
X2 = ln[ ln {Ls2.qdef.((a.b)²/(E.t24))}] = 0.316 For interior lite
r0+r1.X1+r2.X1²
δ1 = t1.e = 4.790 mm
r0+r1.X2+r2.X2²
δ2 = t2.e = 4.950 mm
δmax = 4.950 mm
Allowable Glass Deflection
δallow = min (b/50, 25mm) = 21.6 mm
Since: δmax = 4.950 mm < δallow = 21.6 mm OK
Since the maximum center of glass deflection
δmax = 4.950 mm is less than the allowable δallow = 21.6 mm
Ok for 13.52mm laminated FT glass + 6mm fully tempered glass in deflection
Page 74
10.0 Technical References
Page 75
Page 76
Page 77
STRUCTURAL CAPACITIES OF GRADE 8.8 BOLTS AS PER BS 8118 - 1 : 1991
TABLE S1. Tension, Shear & Bearing Capacity
Nominal Tensile Bolt Capacity Bearing Capacity, min (VRF, VRP) < VRS (KN)
Size Diameter Stress area Tensile Shear Aluminum ply thickness, t (mm)
df (mm) As (mm²) PRT (KN) VRS (KN) 1.0 1.5 2.0 2.5 3.0 3.5 4.0 4.5 5.0 5.5 6.0 6.5 7.0 7.5 8.0 8.5 9.0 9.5 10.0
M6 6.00 20.10 16.75 9.97 1.75 2.63 3.5 4.38 5.25 6.13 7 7.88 8.75 9.63 10.5 11.38 12.25 13.13 14 14.88 15.75 16.63 17.5
M8 8.00 36.60 30.5 18.15 2.33 3.5 4.67 5.83 7 8.17 9.33 10.5 11.67 12.83 14 15.17 16.33 17.5 18.67 19.83 21 22.17 23.33
M10 10.00 58.00 48.33 28.76 2.92 4.38 5.83 7.29 8.75 10.21 11.67 13.13 14.58 16.04 17.5 18.96 20.42 21.88 23.33 24.79 26.25 27.71 29.17
M12 12.00 84.30 70.25 41.8 2.92 5.25 7 8.75 10.5 12.25 14 15.75 17.5 19.25 21 22.75 24.5 26.25 28 29.75 31.5 33.25 35
M14 14.00 115.00 95.83 57.02 3.06 6.13 8.17 10.21 12.25 14.29 16.33 18.38 20.42 22.46 24.5 26.54 28.58 30.63 32.67 34.71 36.75 38.79 40.83
M16 16.00 157.00 130.83 77.85 3.5 6.58 9.33 11.67 14 16.33 18.67 21 23.33 25.67 28 30.33 32.67 35 37.33 39.67 42 44.33 46.67
M18 18.00 192.00 160 95.2 3.94 6.58 10.5 13.13 15.75 18.38 21 23.63 26.25 28.88 31.5 34.13 36.75 39.38 42 44.63 47.25 49.88 52.5
M20 20.00 245.00 204.17 121.48 4.38 6.56 11.67 14.58 17.5 20.42 23.33 26.25 29.17 32.08 35 37.92 40.83 43.75 46.67 49.58 52.5 55.42 58.33
M22 22.00 303.00 252.5 150.24 4.81 7.22 11.68 16.04 19.25 22.46 25.67 28.88 32.08 35.29 38.5 41.71 44.92 48.13 51.33 54.54 57.75 60.96 64.17
M24 24.00 353.00 294.17 175.03 5.25 7.88 11.69 17.5 21 24.5 28 31.5 35 38.5 42 45.5 49 52.5 56 59.5 63 66.5 70
WHERE :
α = 1.00 ; For steel and stainless steel bolts and rivets (BS 8118 : Part 1:1991 Section 6.4.3)
c = 2 ; When df/t<10 (BS 8118 : Part 1:1991 Section 6.4.4)
c = 20t / df ; When 10<df/t<13 (BS 8118 : Part 1:1991 Section 6.4.4)
c = 1.5 ; When df/t>13 (BS 8118 : Part 1:1991 Section 6.4.4)
αs = 0.7 ; For steel bolts or rivets (BS 8118 : Part 1:1991 Section 6.4.2)
K1 = 0.85 ; For Normal Clearance bolts (BS 8118 : Part 1:1991 Section 6.4.2)
γm = 1.2 ; Material factor (BS 8118 : Part 1:1991 Section 3.3.3 Table 3.3)
pa = 175 N/mm² ; Limiting stress for local Capacity (Alum. Alloy 6063-T6) (BS 8118 : Part 1:1991 Section 4.2 Table 4.1)
pf = 1000 N/mm² ; yield strength of bolts (bearing) (BS 8118 : Part 1:1991 Section 6.4.1)
PRT = αpf As / γm ; Tensile Capacity (BS 8118 : Part 1:1991 Section 6.4.3)
VRS = αspf As K1 / γm ; Shear Capacity (BS 8118 : Part 1:1991 Section 6.4.2)
BRF = df t 2 pf / γm ; Bearing Capacity of fastener (BS 8118 : Part 1:1991 Section 6.4.4)
BRP = c df t pa / γm ; Bearing Capacity of connected ply (BS 8118 : Part 1:1991 Section 6.4.4)
NOTES :
*Shaded bearing capacity values are greater than the shear capacity of bolt
Hence, use minimum shear capacity of bolt
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EXCEPTION: For buildings whose mean roof height is less than or 4. HILj, 2 0.2.
equal to 30 ft, the upwind distance may be reduced to 1,500 ft (457 m).
5. H is greater than or equal to 15 ft (4.5 m) for Exposures C
Exposure C: Exposure C shall apply for all cases where Expo- and D and 60 ft (18 m) for Exposure B.
sures B or D do not apply.
6.5.7.2 Topographic Factor. The wind speed-up effect shall be
Exposure D: Exposure D shall apply where the ground surface included in the calculation of design wind loads by using the
roughness, as defined by Surface Roughness D, prevails in the factor K,,:
upwind direction for a distance greater than 5,000 ft (1,524 m)
or 20 times the building height, whichever is greater. Exposure
Dshall extend into downwind areas of Surface Roughness B or
C for a distance of 600 ft (200 m) or 20 times the height of the where K I , K2, and K3 are given in Fig. 6-4.
building, whichever is greater. If site conditions and locations of structures do not meet all the
conditions specified in Section 6.5.7.1 then K, = 1.0.
For a site located in the transition zone between exposure cate-
gories, the category resulting in the largest wind forces shall be 6.5.8 Gust Effect Factor.
used.
6.5.8.1 Rigid Structures. For rigid structures as defined in Sec-
EXCEPTION: An intermediate exposure between the preceding cate-
tion 6.2, the gust-effect factor shall be taken as 0.85 or calculated
gories is pennitted in a transition zone provided that it is detennined by a
rational analysis method defined in the recognized literature. by the formula:
6.5.6.4 Exposure Category for Main Wind-Force Resisting

System.
6.5.6.4.1 Buildings and Other Structures. For each wind
direction considered, wind loads for the design of the MWFRS de-
termined from Fig. 6-6 shall be based on the exposure categories
defined in Section 6.5.6.3.
6.5.6.4.2 Low-Rise Buildings. Wind loads for the design of
the MWFRSs for low-rise buildings shall be determined using a where I: = the intensity of turbulence at height 7 where 7 =
velocity pressure qj, based on the exposure resulting in the high- the equivalent height of the structure defined as 0.6h, but not
est wind loads for any wind direction at the site where external less than z,,, for all building heights h. z,,, and c are listed for
pressure coefficients GCPj given in Fig. 6-10 are used. each exposure in Table 6-2; g g and g , shall be taken as 3.4. The
background response Q is given by
I
6.5.6.5 Exposure Category for Components and Cladding.
Components and cladding design pressures for all buildings and
other structures shall be based on the exposure resulting in the
highest wind loads for any direction at the site.
6.5.6.6 Velocity Pressure Exposure Coefficient. Based on the
exposure category determined in Section 6.5.6.3, a velocity pres- where B, h are defined in Section 6.3; and L: = the integral length
sure exposure coefficient K, or Kj,, as applicable, shall be de- scale of turbulence at the equivalent height given by
termined from Table 6-3. For a site located in a transition zone
between exposure categories, that is, near to a change in ground
surface roughness, intermediate values of K, or Kj,, between
those shown in Table 6-3, are permitted, provided that they are de-
termined by a rational analysis method defined in the recognized InSI: L: = l -
literature. (fo)?
in which ! and C are constants listed in Table 6-2.
6.5.7 Topographic Effects.
6.5.8.2 Flexible or Dynamically Sensitive Structures. Forflex-
6.5.7.1 Wind Speed-Up over Hills, Ridges, and Escarpments. ible or dynamically sensitive structures as defined in Section 6.2,
Wind speed-up effects at isolated hills, ridges, and escarpments the gust-effect factor shall be calculated by
constituting abrupt changes in the general topography, located
in any exposure category, shall be included in the design when
buildings and other site conditions and locations of structures G j = 0.925 (6-8)
meet all of the following conditions:
/
1. The hill, ridge, or escarpment is isolated and unobstructed
g g and g , shall be taken as 3.4 and g ~ is given by
upwind by other similar topographic features of comparable
height for 100 times the height of the topographic feature
(100H) or 2 mi (3.22 km), whichever is less. This distance
shall be measured horizontally from the point at which the
height H of the hill, ridge, or escarpment is determined. R , the resonant response factor, is given by
2. The hill, ridge, or escarpment protrudes above the height of
upwind terrain features within a 2-mi (3.22 km) radius in R = / $ i i E z l (6- 10)
any quadrant by a factor of two or more.
3. The structure is located as shown in Fig. 6-4 in the upper (6- 11)
one-half of a hill or ridge or near the crest of an escarpment.
ASCE 7-05
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!NOTE 1 The imposed loads are the imposed floor loads and the imposed roof loads.
NOTE 2 The crane loads are the self-weight of the crane, the lifted load and the allowances for dynamic effects."
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E 1300 – 03
TABLE 1 Glass Type Factors (GTF) for a Single Lite of 3.2.4.1 annealed (AN) glass, n—a flat, monolithic, glass lite
Monolithic or Laminated Glass of uniform thickness where the residual surface stresses are
GTF nearly zero as defined in Specification C 1036.
Glass Type Short Duration Load Long Duration Load
3.2.4.2 fully tempered (FT) glass, n—a flat, monolithic,
AN 1.0 0.5 glass lite of uniform thickness that has been subjected to a
HS 2.0 1.3
FT 4.0 3.0 special heat treatment process where the residual surface
compression is not less than 69 MPa (10 000 psi) or the edge
compression not less than 67 MPa (9 700 psi) as defined in
TABLE 2 Glass Type Factors (GTF) for Insulating Glass (IG), Specification C 1048.
Short Duration Load
3.2.4.3 heat strengthened (HS) glass, n—a flat, monolithic,
Lite No. 2
Lite No. 1 Monolithic Glass or Laminated Glass Type glass lite of uniform thickness that has been subjected to a
Monolithic Glass or
AN HS FT
special heat treatment process where the residual surface
Laminated Glass Type compression is not less than 24 MPa (3 500 psi) or greater than
GTF1 GTF2 GTF1 GTF2 GTF1 GTF2
52 MPa (7 500 psi) as defined in Specification C 1048.
AN 0.9 0.9 1.0 1.9 1.0 3.8
HS 1.9 1.0 1.8 1.8 1.9 3.8 3.2.4.4 insulating glass (IG) unit, n—any combination of
FT 3.8 1.0 3.8 1.9 3.6 3.6 two glass lites that enclose a sealed space filled with air or
other gas.
TABLE 3 Glass Type Factors (GTF) for Insulating Glass (IG), 3.2.4.5 laminated glass (LG), n—a flat lite of uniform
Long Duration Load thickness consisting of two monolithic glass plies bonded
Lite No. 2 together with an interlayer material as defined in Specification
Lite No. 1 Monolithic Glass or Laminated Glass Type C 1172. Discussion—Many different interlayer materials are
Monolithic Glass or
Laminated Glass Type
AN HS FT used in laminated glass. The information in this practice
GTF1 GTF2 GTF1 GTF2 GTF1 GTF2 applies only to polyvinyl butyral (PVB) interlayers.
AN 0.45 0.45 0.5 1.25 0.5 2.85 3.2.5 glass type (GT) factor, n—a multiplying factor for
HS 1.25 0.5 1.25 1.25 1.25 2.85 adjusting the load resistance of different glass types, that is,
FT 2.85 0.5 2.85 1.25 2.85 2.85
annealed, heat-strengthened, or fully tempered in monolithic,
LG or IG constructions.
TABLE 4 Minimum Glass Thicknesses 3.2.6 lateral, adj—perpendicular to the glass surface.
Nominal 3.2.7 load, n—a uniformly distributed lateral pressure.
Minimum
Thickness or
Thickness 3.2.7.1 specified design load, n—the magnitude in kPa
Designation
mm (in.)
mm (in.) (psf), type (for example, wind or snow) and duration of the
2.5 (3⁄32) 2.16(0.085) load given by the specifying authority.
2.7 (lami) 2.59(0.102)
3.0 (1⁄8) 2.92 ( 0.115) 3.2.7.2 load resistance (LR), n—the uniform lateral load
4.0 (5⁄32) 3.78 ( 0.149) that a glass construction can sustain based upon a given
5.0 (3⁄16) 4.57(0.180)
6.0 (1⁄4) 5.56(0.219)
probability of breakage and load duration.
8.0 (5⁄16) 7.42(0.292) (a) Discussion—Multiplying the non-factored load from
10.0 (3⁄8) 9.02(0.355)
12.0 (1⁄2) 11.91(0.469) figures in Annex A1 by the relevant GTF and load share (LS)
16.0 (5⁄8) 15.09(0.595) factors gives the load resistance associated with a breakage
19.0 (3⁄4) 18.26(0.719) probability less than or equal to 8 lites per 1 000.
22.0 (7⁄8) 21.44(0.844)
3.2.7.3 long duration load, n—any load lasting approxi-
mately 30 days. Discussion—For loads having durations other
than 3 s or 30 days, refer to Table X6.1.
3.2.3.2 thickness designation for laminated glass (LG), 3.2.7.4 non-factored load (NFL), n—three second duration
n—a term used to specify a LG construction based on the uniform load associated with a probability of breakage less
combined thicknesses of component plies. than or equal to 8 lites per 1 000 for monolithic annealed glass
(a) Add the minimum thicknesses of the two glass plies and as determined from the figures in Annex A1.
the interlayer thickness. For interlayer thicknesses greater than
3.2.7.5 glass weight load, n—the dead load component of
1.52 mm (0.060 in.) use 1.52 mm (0.060 in.) in the calculation.
the glass weight.
(b) Select the monolithic thickness designation in Table 4
having the closest minimum thickness that is equal to or less 3.2.7.6 short duration load, n—any load lasting 3 s or less.
than the value obtained in 3.2.3.2(a). 3.2.8 load share (LS) factor, n—a multiplying factor de-
(c) Exception: The costruction of two 6 mm (1⁄4 in.) glass rived from the load sharing between the two lites, of equal or
plies plus 0.76 mm (0.030 in.) interlayer shall be defined as 12 different thicknesses and types (including the layered behavior
mm (1⁄2 in.). of laminated glass under long duration loads), in a sealed IG
3.2.4 Glass Types: unit.
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E 1300 – 03
TABLE 5 Load Share (LS) Factors for Insulating Glass (IG) Units
NOTE 1—Lite No. 1 Monolithic glass, Lite No. 2 Monolithic glass, short or long duration load, or Lite No. 1 Monolithic glass, Lite No. 2 Laminated
glass, short duration load only, or Lite No. 1 Laminated Glass, Lite No. 2 Laminated Glass, short or long duration load.
Lite No. 1 Lite No. 2
Monolithic Glass Monolithic Glass, Short or Long Duration Load or Laminated Glass, Short Duration Load Only
Nominal 2.5 2.7 3 4 5 6 8 10 12 16 19
Thickness (3⁄32) (lami) (1⁄8) (5⁄32) (3⁄16) (1⁄4) (5⁄16) (3⁄8) (1⁄2) (5⁄8) (3⁄4)
mm ( in.) LS1 LS2 LS1 LS2 LS1 LS2 LS1 LS2 LS1 LS2 LS1 LS2 LS1 LS2 LS1 LS2 LS1 LS2 LS1 LS2 LS1 LS2
2.5 (3⁄32) 2.00 2.00 2.73 1.58 3.48 1.40 6.39 1.19 10.5 1.11 18.1 1.06 41.5 1.02 73.8 1.01 169. 1.01 344. 1.00 606. 1.00
2.7 (lami) 1.58 2.73 2.00 2.00 2.43 1.70 4.12 1.32 6.50 1.18 10.9 1.10 24.5 1.04 43.2 1.02 98.2 1.01 199. 1.01 351. 1.00
3 (1⁄8) 1.40 3.48 1.70 2.43 2.00 2.00 3.18 1.46 4.83 1.26 7.91 1.14 17.4 1.06 30.4 1.03 68.8 1.01 140. 1.01 245. 1.00
4 (5⁄32) 1.19 6.39 1.32 4.12 1.46 3.18 2.00 2.00 2.76 1.57 4.18 1.31 8.53 1.13 14.5 1.07 32.2 1.03 64.7 1.02 113. 1.01
5 (3⁄16) 1.11 10.5 1.18 6.50 1.26 4.83 1.57 2.76 2.00 2.00 2.80 1.56 5.27 1.23 8.67 1.13 18.7 1.06 37.1 1.03 64.7 1.02
6 (1⁄4) 1.06 18.1 1.10 10.9 1.14 7.91 1.31 4.18 1.56 2.80 2.00 2.00 3.37 1.42 5.26 1.23 10.8 1.10 21.1 1.05 36.4 1.03
8 (5⁄16) 1.02 41.5 1.04 24.5 1.06 17.4 1.13 8.53 1.23 5.27 1.42 3.37 2.00 2.00 2.80 1.56 5.14 1.24 9.46 1.12 15.9 1.07
10 (3⁄8) 1.01 73.8 1.02 43.2 1.03 30.4 1.07 14.5 1.13 8.67 1.23 5.26 1.56 2.80 2.00 2.00 3.31 1.43 5.71 1.21 9.31 1.12
12 (1⁄2) 1.01 169. 1.01 98.2 1.01 68.8 1.03 32.2 1.06 18.7 1.10 10.8 1.24 5.14 1.43 3.31 2.00 2.00 3.04 1.49 4.60 1.28
16 (5⁄8) 1.00 344. 1.01 199. 1.01 140. 1.02 64.7 1.03 37.1 1.05 21.1 1.12 9.46 1.21 5.71 1.49 3.04 2.00 2.00 2.76 1.57
19 (3⁄4) 1.00 606. 1.00 351. 1.00 245. 1.01 113. 1.02 64.7 1.03 36.4 1.07 15.9 1.12 9.31 1.28 4.60 1.57 2.76 2.00 2.00
6.12.5 The load resistance of the IG unit is the lower of the 6.13.3 Determine GTF1 for lite No.1 and GTF2 for lite No.
two calculated LR values. 2) from Table 3 for the relevant glass type.
6.13 For Insulating Glass (IG) with One Monolithic Lite 6.13.4 Determine LS1 for lite No. 1and LS2 for lite No. 2
and One Laminated Lite, Under Long Duration Load: from Table 6 for the relevant lite thickness.
6.13.1 The load resistance of each lite must first be calcu-
6.13.5 Multiply NFL by GTF and by LS for each lite to
lated for that load acting for a short duration as in 6.11, and
determine LR1 for lite No.1 and LR2 for lite No. 2 of the
then for the same load acting for a long duration as given in
6.13.2-6.13.5. insulating glass unit, based on the long duration load resistance
of each lite, as follows:
NOTE 3—There are some combinations of IG with laminated glass
where its monolithic-like behavior under a short duration load gives the IG LR1 5 NFL1 X GTF1 X LS1 and LR2 5 NFL2 X GTF2 X LS2
a lesser load resistance than under the layered behavior of long duration 6.13.6 The load resistance of the IG unit is the lowest of the
loads.
four calculated LR values LR1 and LR2 for short duration
6.13.2 Determine the values for the NFL1 for Lite No.1 and loads from 6.11.4 and LR1 and LR2 for long duration loads
NFL2 for lite No. 2 from the upper charts of Figs. A1.1–A1.12 from 6.13.5.
and A1.27–A1.33 (see Annex A2 for examples).
TABLE 6 Load Share (LS) Factors for IG Units
NOTE 1—Lite No. 1 Monolithic glass, Lite No. 2 Laminated glass, long duration load only.
Lite No. 1 Lite No. 2
Monolithic Glass Laminated Glass

Nominal 5 6 8 10 12 16 19
Thickness (3⁄16) (1⁄4) (5⁄16) (3⁄8) (1⁄2) (5⁄8) (3⁄4)
mm ( in.) LS1 LS2 LS1 LS2 LS1 LS2 LS1 LS2 LS1 LS2 LS1 LS2 LS1 LS2
2.5 (3⁄32) 3.00 1.50 4.45 1.29 11.8 1.09 20.0 1.05 35.2 1.03 82.1 1.01 147 1.01
2.7 (lami) 2.16 1.86 3.00 1.50 7.24 1.16 12.0 1.09 20.8 1.05 48.0 1.02 85.5 1.01
3 (1⁄8) 1.81 2.24 2.39 1.72 5.35 1.23 8.68 1.13 14.8 1.07 33.8 1.03 60.0 1.02
4 (5⁄32) 1.37 3.69 1.64 2.56 3.00 1.50 4.53 1.28 7.34 1.16 16.1 1.07 28.1 1.04
5 (3⁄16) 1.21 5.75 1.36 3.75 2.13 1.88 3.00 1.50 4.60 1.28 9.54 1.12 16.4 1.07
6 (1⁄4) 1.12 9.55 1.20 5.96 1.63 2.59 2.11 1.90 3.00 1.50 5.74 1.21 9.54 1.12
8 (5⁄16) 1.05 21.3 1.09 12.8 1.27 4.76 1.47 3.13 1.84 2.19 3.00 1.50 4.60 1.28
10 (3⁄8) 1.03 37.4 1.05 22.1 1.15 7.76 1.26 4.83 1.47 3.13 2.11 1.90 3.00 1.50
12 (1⁄2) 1.01 85.0 1.02 49.7 1.06 16.6 1.11 9.84 1.20 5.92 1.48 3.07 1.87 2.15
16 (5⁄8) 1.01 172 1.01 100 1.03 32.8 1.06 19.0 1.10 11.0 1.24 5.23 1.43 3.35
19 (3⁄4) 1.00 304 1.01 176 1.02 57.2 1.03 32.8 1.06 18.7 1.13 8.46 1.24 5.15
22 (7⁄8) 1.00 440 1.00 256 1.01 82.5 1.02 47.2 1.04 26.7 1.09 11.8 1.17 7.02
5 Page 105
E 1300 – 03
FIG. A1.6 (upper chart) Nonfactored Load Chart for 6.0 mm (1⁄4 in.) Glass with Four Sides Simply Supported
(lower chart) Deflection Chart for 6.0 mm (1⁄4 in.) Glass with Four Sides Simply Supported
12 Page 106
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E 1300 – 03
APPENDIXES
(Nonmandatory Information)
X1. PROCEDURE FOR CALCULATING THE APPROXIMATE CENTER OF GLASS DEFLECTION
X1.1 The first optional procedure presented in this appen- X1.2.2 The aspect ratio (AR) of a glass plate is found by
dix gives the determination of the approximate lateral deflec- dividing the glass length by the glass width as follows:
tion of a monolithic rectangular glass plate (note the special AR 5 a/b (X1.2)
procedures for laminated and insulating glass) subjected to a
uniform lateral load. In development of this procedure, it was where:
assumed that all four edges of the glass are simply supported a = plate length (long dimension), mm (in.), and
and free to slip in the plane of the glass. This boundary b = plate width (short dimension), mm (in.).
condition has been shown to be typical of many glass instal- X1.2.2.1 The aspect ratio is always equal to or greater than
lations.5,7,8 1. The aspect ratio is plotted along the horizontal axis of the
deflection chart.
X1.1.1 This procedure can be used for laminated glass
X1.2.3 The nondimensional load, q, is calculated using the
under short-term loads using the laminated glass thickness
following equation:
designation.
X1.1.2 For laminated glass under long-term loads and for q 5 qA2 / Et4 (X1.3)
symmetrical IG units under long or short-term loads, the
where:
approximate lateral deflection is the single lite deflection at half
q = applied load, kPa (psi),
of the design load. t = true glass thickness, mm (in.),
X1.1.3 For IG units under uniform lateral load both lites E = Modulus of elasticity of glass, kPa (psi), and
will deflect by almost equal amounts. The deflection is calcu- A = area of the rectangular glass plate, mm2 (in.2).
lated using the load carried by either lite from Table 5 or Table X1.2.3.1 For practical purposes, the value of E for glass can
6, load share (LS) factors. The total load divided by the LS be taken to be 71.7 3 106 kPa (10.4 3 106 psi). All quantities
factor for either lite gives the approximate load carried by that must be expressed in consistent units.
lite for deflection calculations.
X1.3 The contour lines plotted on the deflection chart in
X1.2 The Vallabhan-Wang nonlinear plate analysis was Fig. X1.1 present the variation of the natural logarithm of the
used to calculate the relationship between the nondimensional nondimensional loads as a function of the nondimensional
load, the nondimensional deflection, and the glass plates aspect deflection and aspect ratio.
ratio.8 The resulting relationship is depicted in the deflection
chart presented in Fig. X1.1. Because the information pre- X1.4 The following procedure can be used to determine the
sented in Fig. X1.1 is nondimensionalized, Fig. X1.1 can be maximum lateral deflection (w) for a particular case.
used with either SI or inch-pound units. X1.4.1 Calculate the aspect ratio (AR) of the glass using Eq
X1.2.1 The nondimensional maximum deflection ŵ is found X1.2. Locate this point on the horizontal axis of the deflection
by dividing the maximum lateral deflection of the glass, w , by chart and project a vertical line.
the true glass thickness, t , as follows: X1.4.2 For monolithic glass and laminated glass under short
duration loads, calculate the nondimensional load using Eq
ŵ 5 w/t (X1.1) X1.3, find its natural logarithm (ln), and interpolate between
The nondimensional maximum deflection is plotted along the contour lines on the deflection chart to locate the corre-
the vertical axis of the deflection chart. When the actual sponding position on the vertical line projected in X1.4.1.
thickness of the glass is unknown, use the minimum thickness X1.4.2.1 For IG units, calculate the load carried by one lite
from Table 4 to calculate the deflections. by dividing the total load by the LS factor. Use this value to
52 Page 110
E 1300 – 03
FIG. X1.1 Deflection Chart
calculate the nondimensional load for that lite using Eq X1.3, X1.5.1.3 Project a horizontal line from the point located in
find its natural logarithm, and interpolate between the contour X1.5.1.2. The corresponding nondimensional maximum lateral
lines on the deflection chart to locate the corresponding deflection (ŵ) is thus seen to be approximately 2.2.
position on the vertical line projected in X1.4.1. X1.5.1.4 Calculate the maximum lateral deflection of the
X1.4.3 Project a horizontal line from the point located in glass as follows:
X1.4.2. The nondimensional maximum deflection (ŵ) of the w 5 ~2.2! ~5.6 mm! 5 12.3 mm (X1.5)
glass is given by the intersection of this horizontal line and the
vertical axis of the chart. X1.5.2 Example 6: Lateral Deflection Calculation in Inch-
X1.4.4 Calculate the maximum deflection (w) of the glass Pound Units—Determine the maximum lateral deflection as-
by multiplying the nondimensional deflection (ŵ) by the true sociated with a vertical 50- by 60- by 1⁄4-in. rectangular glass
glass thickness. plate subjected to a uniform lateral load of 38 psf. The actual
thickness of the glass is 0.220 in. as determined through direct
X1.5 Examples 5 and 6 illustrate this procedure as follows: measurement.
X1.5.1 Example 5: Lateral Deflection Calculation in SI X1.5.2.1 Calculate the aspect ratio of the glass as follows:
Units—Determine the maximum lateral deflection (w) associ- AR 5 60 in./50 in. 5 1.2 (X1.6)
ated with a vertical 1 200- by 1 500- by 6 mm rectangular glass
plate subjected to a uniform lateral load of 1.80 kPa. The actual Locate this point on the horizontal axis of the deflection
thickness of the glass is 5.60 mm as determined through direct chart presented in Fig. X1.1 and construct a vertical line.
measurement. X1.5.2.2 Calculate the natural logarithm of the nondimen-
X1.5.1.1 Calculate the aspect ratio of the glass as follows: sional lateral load from Eq X1.3 as follows:
AR 5 ~1 500 mm! / ~1 200 mm! 5 1.25 (X1.4)
Locate this point on the horizontal axis of the deflection q = (38 lbf/ft2) (1⁄144 psi/psf) = 0.264 psi,
chart presented in Fig. X1.1 and construct a vertical line. A = (50 in.) (60 in.) = 3 000 in.2,
X1.5.1.2 Calculate the natural logarithm of the nondimen- q = (0.264 psi) (3 000 in.2)2/ [(10.4 3 106 psi) (0.22
sional lateral load from Eq X1.3 as follows: in.)4],
q = 97.5, and
ln(q) = ln (97.5) = 4.58.
q = 1.80 kPa, Locate the point corresponding to ln(q) = 4.58 on the
A = (1 500 mm) (1 200 mm) = 1 800 000 mm2, vertical line drawn in X1.5.2.1 by interpolating between the
q = (1.80 kPa) (1 800 000 mm2) 2 (71.7 3 106 kPa) (5.6 contour lines for ln(q) = 4.5 and 5.0.
mm)4,
X1.5.2.3 Project a horizontal line from the point located in
q = 82.7, and
ln(q) = (82.7) = 4.42. X1.5.2.2. The corresponding nondimensional maximum lateral
deflection is thus seen to be approximately 2.4.
Locate the point corresponding to ln(q) = 4.42 on the vertical X1.5.2.4 Calculate the maximum lateral deflection of the
line drawn in X1.1 by interpolating between the contour lines glass as follows:
for ln(q) = 4.0 and 4.5. w 5 ~2.4! ~0.22 in.! 5 0.53 in. (X1.7)
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E 1300 – 03
X2. ALTERNATE PROCEDURE FOR CALCULATING THE APPROXIMATE CENTER OF GLASS DEFLECTION
X2.1 Maximum glass deflection as a function of plate X2.2.2 a = 1 500

geometry and load may be calculated from the following b = 1 200
polynomial equations by Dalgliesh9 for a curve fit to the From Eq X2.2 r0 = −2.689
Beason and Morgan7 data from: X2.2.3 From Eq X2.3 r1 = 2.011
w 5 t 3 exp~r0 1 r 1 3 x 1 r2 3 x 2! (X2.1) X2.2.4 From Eq X2.4 r2 = 0.213
X2.2.5 q = 1.80
where:
E = 71.7 3 10 6
w = center of glass deflection (mm) or (in.), and
t = plate thickness (mm) or (in.). t = 5.60
From Eq X2.5 x = 1.490
r0 5 0.553 2 3.83 ~a/b! 1 1.11 ~a/b!2 2 0.0969 ~a/b!3 (X2.2)
X2.2.6 Therefore from Eq X2.1 the maximum center of
2 3
r1 5 22.29 1 5.83 ~a/b! 2 2.17 ~a/b! 1 0.2067 ~a/b! glass deflection is:
(X2.3) w = 5.6 exp (−2.689 + 2.111 3 1.490 + 0.213 3 1.490 2)
2
r2 5 1.485 2 1.908 ~a/b! 1 0.815 ~a/b! 2 0.0822 ~a/b! 3 w = 12.2 mm
(X2.4) X2.2.7 Example 8: Lateral Deflection Calculation in Inch-
x 5 ln$ln@q~ab!2 / Et4 #% (X2.5) Pound Units Using Method X 2—Determine the maximum
lateral deflection (w) associated with a 50- by 60- by 1⁄4-in.
where: rectangular glass plate subjected to a uniform lateral load of 38
q = uniform lateral load (kPa) or (psi), psf. The actual thickness of the glass is 0.220 in. as determined
a = long dimension (mm) or (in.), through direct measurement.
b = short dimension (mm) or (in.), and
X2.2.8 a = 60
E = modulus of6 elasticity of glass (71.7 3 106 kPa) or
b = 50
(10.4 3 10 psi).
From Eq X2.2 r 0 = −2.612
X2.2 Examples 7 and 8 illustrate this procedure as follows: X2.2.9 From Eq X2.3 r1 = 1.938
X2.2.1 Example 7: Lateral Deflection Calculation in SI X2.2.10 From Eq X2.4 r2 = 0.227
Units Using Method X2— Determine the maximum lateral X2.2.11 q = 38
deflection (w) of a vertical 1 200- by 1 500- by 6-mm E = 10.4 3 106
rectangular glass plate subjected to a uniform lateral load of t = 0.220
1.80 kPa. The actual thickness of the glass is 5.60 mm as From Eq X2.5 x = 1.527
determined through direct measurement. X2.2.12 Therefore from Eq X2.1 the maximum center of
glass deflection is:
9
Dalgliesh, A. CGSB 12.20 Structural Design of Glass for Buildings, NRC w = 0.220 exp (−2.612 + 1.938 3 1.527 + 0.227 3 1.5272)
National Research Council of Canada. w = 0.53 in.
X3. OPTIONAL PROCEDURE FOR ESTIMATING PROBABILITY OF BREAKAGE FOR ANNEALED GLASS PLATES
X3.1 The purpose of the optional procedure presented in X3.1 is acceptable providing that the calculated probability of
this appendix is to provide a method to estimate the probability breakage is less than 0.05 (50 lites per thousand).
of breakage, Pb, of rectangular annealed glass subjected to a
X3.2 The steps involved in this optional procedure to
specified design load. This is accomplished using the following
evaluate the probability of breakage for an annealed glass plate
approximate relationship:
are listed in X3.2.1-X3.2.5.
Pb 5 k~ab!12m~Et2!meJ (X3.1) X3.2.1 Determine the nondimensional lateral load (q) using
where: Eq X1.3 in Appendix X1. Locate this point on the vertical axis
Pb = the probability of breakage, of Fig. X3.1 and extend a horizontal line to the right.
k and m = surface flaw parameters, X3.2.2 Determine the aspect ratio of the glass (AR) using
a and b = the rectangular dimensions of the glass, Eq X1.2 in Appendix X1. Locate this point on the horizontal
E = the modulus of elasticity of glass, axis on Fig. X3.1 and extend a vertical line upward until it
t = glass thickness, intersects the horizontal line drawn in X3.2.1.
e = 2.7182, and X3.2.3 Use interpolation along the vertical line to estimate
J = the stress distribution factor. the value of J corresponding to the intersection of the two lines.
Fig. X3.1 presents values of J as a function of glass aspect X3.2.4 Use Eq X3.1 to estimate the probability of breakage
ratio, AR, and nondimensional lateral load (q). The use of Eq of the glass.
54 Page 112
11.0 Drawing References
Page 113
Page 114
Page 115
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Structural Calculation of Curtain Wall

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ACACIA - 1, B+G+9 RES.

LOCATION : DUBAI, UAE

SOBHA GLAZING AND METAL SYSTEMS FZCO

- INTRODUCTION AND SPECIFICATIONS 001

SOBHA GLAZING AND METAL SYSTEMS FZCO

Modulus of Elasticity Eg := 71700 Mpa

Shear Modulus Gg := 28300 Mpa

Coefficient of Linear expansion Ɛg := 8.30E‐06 Δ ̊C‐1

Density ωg := 2500 Kg.m‐3

Modulus of Elasticity E := 70000 Mpa

Shear Modulus G := 26600 Mpa

Coefficient of Linear expansion Ɛ := 2.30E‐05 Δ ̊C‐1

Density ωg := 2710 Kg.m‐3

Yield Strength (Extrusion) Y := 160 Mpa

Tensile Strength (Extrusion) Ta := 175 Mpa

Modulus of Elasticity E := 205000 Mpa

Coefficient of Linear expansion Ɛ := 1.20E‐05 Δ ̊C‐1

Design Strength Py := 275 Mpa

Bearing Strength Pbs := 460 Mpa

Basic Wind Speed Vb := 45 m/s Exposure = C

Building Height (Roof Deck) H := 46.5 m

Building length L := 106.5 m

Building Width W := 100.5 m

Clear Height of Mullion h := 2.9 m

Tributary Width ‐1 tw1 := 1.08 m

Tributary Width‐2 tw1 := 0.99 m

Mean Tributary Width tw = (tw1+tw2)/2 tw := 1.035 m

Design pressures for MWFRS

h= 152 gv = 3.4 Vz = 112.6

Fig. 6-6 fo  < 10o, page 48

P (psf) with P (psf) with

Figure 6-9, page 54

Design pressures for components and cladding

Mullion Pressure (psf) Panel Pressure (psf)

Density of glass, d = 2500 Kg/m³

Thickness of Internal glass t1 = 13.52 mm

Total thickness of glass Tthick = 19.52 mm

Total weight of glass Tglass = 48.8 Kg/m²

Width of Panel Wind Pressure on Uniform load on

Ea := 70000 Mpa

Modulus of Elasticity Eg := 70000 Mpa

Shear Modulus Gg := 26600 Mpa

Coefficient of Linear expansion Ɛg := 2.30E‐05 Δ ̊C‐1

Density ωg := 2710 Kg.m‐3

̊ρ0 := 160 Mpa BS ‐ 8118 table 4.1 limiting stress for bending and over all yielding

̊ρV := 95 Mpa BS ‐ 8118 table 4.1 limiting stress for shear

̊ρa := 175 Mpa BS ‐ 8118 table 4.1 limiting stress for local capacity

d = 100 mm Profile Depth

bf = 40.3 mm Element Width

tf = 3.5 mm Profile Flange Thickness

dw = 80.3 mm Element Depth

tw = 1.8 mm Profile Web Thickness

gr = 0.5 Stress gradient coefficient, figure 4.2

CX = 22.5 mm Distance from neutral Y‐axis to extreme fibers

CY = 55.5 mm Distance from neutral X‐axis to extreme fibers

IX = 114.9 cm4 Moment of inertia at major axis

IY = 22.15 cm4 Moment of inertia at minor axis

WX = IX/CY 20.703 cm3 Elastic section modulus at x‐x axis

WY = IY/CX 9.844 cm3 Elastic section modulus at y‐y axis

A = 7.63 cm2 Cross ‐ Section area

Applying wind load WL := 1.3 kNm‐1 (uniformly distributed load) at mullion

Profile "100*45" it had max. deflection δ max := 14.092 mm

δ allow = 16.571 mm refer to project specification and AAMA code

Since: δ max = 14.092 mm < δ allow = 16.57143 mm OK