Psychology and ethics in management

Management II (MA)

Artur Banaszak, MA (artur.banaszak1@gmail.com)

The issue of corruption

Corruption is a form of dishonest or unethical conduct by a person

entrusted with a position of authority, often to acquire personal
benefit. Corruption may include many activities including bribery and
embezzlement, though it may also involve practices that are legal in
many countries. Government, or 'political', corruption occurs when an
office-holder or other governmental employee acts in an official
capacity for personal gain.

Stephen D. Morris, a professor of politics, writes that [political]

corruption is the illegitimate use of public power to benefit a private
interest.

Economist Ian Senior defines corruption as an action to (a) secretly

provide (b) a good or a service to a third party (c) so that he or she can
influence certain actions which (d) benefit the corrupt, a third party, or
both (e) in which the corrupt agent has authority.

Daniel Kaufmann, from the World Bank, extends the concept to

include 'legal corruption' in which power is abused within the confines

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of the law — as those with power often have the ability to make laws
for their protection.

CORRUPTION PERCEPTIONS INDEX

A search done by the Transparency International (Transparency

International is an international non-governmental organization which
is based in Berlin, Germany, and was founded in 1993. Its non-profit
purpose is to take action to combat corruption and prevent criminal
activities arising from corruption.

Transparency International (TI) has published the Corruption

Perceptions Index (CPI) since 1995, annually ranking countries "by
their perceived levels of corruption, as determined by expert
assessments and opinion surveys." The CPI generally defines
corruption as "the misuse of public power for private benefit."

The CPI currently ranks 168 countries "on a scale from 100 (very
clean) to 0 (highly corrupt).”

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The CPI of 2015: https://www.transparency.org/cpi2015

The CPI of 2016:

http://issuu.com/transparencyinternational/docs/2016_cpireport_en?e=
2496456/43483458

Corruption in POLAND

Do you know anybody from your family or

friends
who gives or takes bribe during last year
17,00% 6,00%

77,00%

YES NO I DO NOT KNOW

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 Why do Polish people give the bribes?
70,00%
58,00%
60,00%

50,00%

40,00%
31,00%
30,00%

20,00%
9,00%
10,00%

0,00%
because they want to have because those who are able to I dont know
their case settled settled the case expect the
bribes

Where is the bigest corruption?

It is difficult to say 6%
Other places 1%
Military service 1%
Education system 3%
Banks 3%
Privete company 8%
State company 13%
Police 15%
Central goverments 26%
Justice system 29%
Local govermants 31%
Health Service 58%
Politicians, political parties 60%

0% 10% 20% 30% 40% 50% 60% 70%