Study Centre September 4, 2018

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CONT R IBUTOR S
ENGLISH LANGUAGE MATHEMATICS SOCIAL STUDIES INFORMATION TECHNOLOGY

Shawnette Myers-Lawrence Charyl Gordon-Brown Charmaine Fuller-Wallace Shandeen Robinson-White
HUMAN & SOCIAL BIOLOGY PRINCIPLES OF BUSINESS PRINCIPLES OF ACCOUNTS INTEGRATED SCIENCE
Leroy Munroe Hilary Bassaragh Tedmore Clarke Michelle Smith-Henry
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www.jamaicaobserver.com JOL LECTURE SERIES Jamaica Observer Limited

ENGLISH
LANGUAGE Lesson 1
with
Shawnett Myers-Lawrence
INTRODUCTION
Hello everyone and welcome to the lecture series in English

A for the academic year 2018 – 2019. Most of you would by
now be aware of the changes to the CSEC syllabus and for
those of you in high school, you would have completed
some aspects of the SBA. For some who may be totally
unfamiliar with the syllabus, this lesson will show what you
can expect to encounter over the next few months. Having
taught the new syllabus over the last two years and having Additionally, if you look at many advertisements for
seen the recently published results, I can safely say that you employment you will see specific requirements for
all can achieve success in this subject. In fact, the SBA may excellent written and oral communication skills. Therefore,
make it easier for many of you to gain top scores. this course is not just about gaining qualifications but also
about building a life skill. Let us look at the specifics.
In this year’s lecture series I will continue to focus on the
specific topics on the syllabus, but from time to time may
include some lessons which will help you to increase your
proficiency in the language. Many schools do not
PAPER 1 PAPER 2
emphasise the teaching of grammar, since learning
grammar rules in isolation does not necessarily improve The main topics for The topics for paper
language production. However, an understanding of paper one are: two are:
correct usage, especially when Jamaican Creole has such a • Grammar • Summary writing
great influence on how we speak English, can help you in • Usage • Expository Writing
recognizing and correcting your own errors. • Punctuation • Persuasive writing
• Construction shift • Argumentative
• Equivalent writing
COURSE CONTENT
sentences
• Spelling
The English A syllabus tests specific topics in specific ways • Comprehension
but to do well on this examination you must know the • Vocabulary:
English language and be able to apply this knowledge to synonyms,
given written and oral tasks. For private candidates, the oral antonyms
component, which forms part of the SBA, will not be tested and sentence
but all students in high school will be required to completion
demonstrate their ability to speak the language. It is
important to note that although the examination is a written
one, the student who is better able to speak the language
will find it easier to express him/herself in writing. JOL ENGLISH LANGUAGE continues on next page
JOL ENGLISH LANGUAGE continued from previous page
The third paper is either the SBA (paper 031) or a third

STRUCTURE OF THE EXAMINATION
exam (paper 032) which private candidates will sit. This
SBA or exam will supply the other 21 percent of the total
The examination for English A consists of three papers. The score. Candidates who may experience some anxiety about
table below shows the components for papers 1 and 2. sitting exams will find the SBA more to their liking.
Another advantage of this is that those who do well on
the SBA will enter the exam having already garnered a
significant part of their overall score.
PAPER 1 PAPER 2
PREPARING FOR THE EXAM
Time allotted: Time allotted:
1 hour 30 minutes 2 hours 45 minutes
Sixty (60) items Four (4) sections
Twenty five items Section 1: Summary

based on grammar, writing: 25 marks
spelling, usage,
vocabulary etc. Section 2: Expository
Writing: 30 marks
Thirty five items
based on Section 3: Narrative
If you are at the examination level then you must have
comprehension writing: 25 marks already realized that getting ready for an English exam is
far different from preparation for other subjects. You are
29 percent of the Section 4: not required to swat facts, theories and formulae; rather
total score Argument/Persuasive English A is a skill based subject. This means that you will
writing: 25 marks be required to read various genres of written English and
comprehend these on different levels, understand the
language well enough to recognize and correct errors, and
50 percent of the
write English to suit different purposes and audiences. In
total score essence, you have to use the language.
So how do you prepare? You start by immersing yourself

It is important to note that paper 2 consists of three in the language. You must read, write, listen to and speak
compulsory questions. You are not given a choice in English. You basically study for your exam each time you
sections 1, 2 and 4. For section 3, however, you get to learn a new word or expression, when you write your
choose between a picture stimulus and another story emails and text messages in full English sentences, correct
topic. The fact that the exam gives little choice, may seem drafts of your different SBA’s and whenever the language
daunting for some of you but there is no need for worry. is consumed and produced. Your class time and these
The exam is not about how much you know but how well series will help to improve your competence.
you understand and are able use language to achieve a
variety of purposes. JOL ENGLISH LANGUAGE continues on next page
JOL ENGLISH LANGUAGE continued from previous page
When considering other ways to prepare, keep in mind that your ability to read and follow instructions will impact on
how well you perform. You are therefore encouraged to access past papers and become familiar with the instructions
as these are standard. Time management is also an important factor as you are given a suggested time for each section
on the paper. Try to complete the items in this suggested time for your practice papers. Your inability to complete the
exam may be the difference between pass and fail or a grade one and two.
WHY STUDY ENGLISH?
You may ask why it is necessary for everyone to study English, after all, not everyone has aspirations to pursue
traditional professions and we are all able to communicate with each other without using Standard English. I would
answer that question by simply stating that since English is the language of international communication then it makes
sense to be able to comprehend and reproduce this language in written and spoken forms. If you are using these
lecture series then it is most likely that you are already aware of many areas in which mastery of the English Language
is essential. In addition to those traditional careers, which require English, here are some which have emerged in our
digital age. You are encouraged to find out about these careers and add others to your list.
As this series progresses, we will examine each of the areas on the syllabus in more detail. I will also spend some time
on the topics that present the greatest challenge for students. You are encouraged to complete the activities given and
find similar ones for practice. Remember that these lessons are not intended to replace formal instruction but to provide
clarification and support. I look forward to working with you this year as we prepare for CSEC English A in May 2019.
See you next week.
Shawnett Myers-Lawrence is on the staff of St. Hugh’s High School

! Email: shawnomyl@yahoo.com
MATHEMATICS Lesson 1
with Charyl Gordon-Brown
INTRODUCTION
7 8 9
+
Dear Young Mathematicians,
This is the introductory lesson for the CSEC Mathematics 4 5 6 –

Lecture series for the academic year 2018-2019.
Throughout this year, while we spend time preparing for
the upcoming examination, I hope you will also come to
love Mathematics as I do. 1 2 3 –:
= +
The word ‘mathematics’ has its root in the Greek
language and can literally be translated to mean ‘that
which is learnt’. So it basically refers to the whole body
0 •
of scientific knowledge, not just numbers as we are often
led to believe.
THE SYLLABUS
Many persons ask the question: “When am I ever going
to use this?” Look around you. Your cell phone, tablet, ! It is in your best interest to have a copy
of the syllabus for yourself. If you’re
computer, the power you use to keep them running
tech savvy, just go ahead to the CXC
and countless other pieces of technological website, www.cxc.org, and download
advancement, rest on the use of mathematics. This one free of charge. Never mind the
year I want you to ask instead; “Is there ever a time fact that they ask you to set up an
when I don’t use Mathematics?” account. There are also countless YouTube videos on
that subject. Otherwise, see about obtaining a copy
Look at it this way; many persons around us use from a local bookstore.
Mathematics informally. A taxi driver may calculate
! The syllabus is designed to prepare you for future
mentally how much gas he needs to purchase based on
studies. Therefore, they may very well be one or two
the number of runs he makes and the fuel efficiency of his
things you don’t particularly love or that you don’t use
car. He never writes it down on paper as you are required when you get to college. Either way, all the topics are
to do in the classroom but it’s still Math. designed to enhance your ability to reason logically and
think critically and solve problems. These skills are
In this lesson we will look at the overall format of the essential tools in any career path.
exam, tips for studying and dispelling myths and old wives
tales about the subject. JOL MATHEMATICS continues on next page
JOL MATHEMATICS continued from previous page
The topics to be studied are divided into nine (9) sections ! Measurement
as follows:
! Number Theory and Computation
Pay close enough attention here and you will learn about
maps and scale drawings. You may be able to calculate the
requirements for tiling a house or painting it just like a
builder would.
This section is almost a review of elementary arithmetic. ! Statistics

It includes fractions, decimals, percentages and their This topic shows up in every subject area, even English.
applications. You will learn some additional skills in high Descriptive Statistics is basically a mathematical story
about a situation. Inferential Statistics is the use of that
school such as the use of scientific notation.
information to make predictions. This is how we use
trends and weather patterns to predict hurricane
! Consumer Arithmetic movements or market trends to predict profit margins.
Most persons consider this ‘real everyday mathematics’.
It is a formal look at how calculations relate to the daily ! Algebra
business of buying, selling and household operations. Who doesn’t love a good riddle? Algebra is the coolest
Here we look at things like bills and salaries, taxation, invention ever. This is about finding the unknown in
profit and loss. Learn how to make the best bargain the most efficient way possible. I know that many
when shopping for anything. times you can work out the answer in your head
without writing anything down. However, if you’re
! Sets actually able to write it down in a way that others can
This is the mathematician’s way of studying groups understand, that’s even better; Hence the need for
and how they fit together and relate to each other. This equations and such.
will become the basis of probability theory when we
get to statistics. JOL MATHEMATICS continues on next page
! Relations, Functions & Graphs THE EXAMINATION

This topic is about studying and representing
connections between groups. It draws on skills from all
The May/June examination of 2018 was the first to include
the other topics listed so far. Remember the saying: ‘a
a school based assessment. It was also the first
picture is worth a thousand words’? So, one graph can
examination where all the questions on Paper 02 were
be used to represent a whole statistical story. Did you
compulsory. We will take a look at the examination papers
know that in some countries, trailer drivers have to in the order in which you will sit them.
keep a graphical log book that shows how far and how
long they are in motion or stationary? PAPER 03
! Geometry and Trigonometry ! If you are a private candidate, you may opt to take
this third paper as opposed to candidates in public
institutions who must carry out a project and
submit a project report.
! Your syllabus outlines the requirements for the

project report that is to be submitted. Here I will
only emphasize certain points and give some tips.
! Start your project now – if you haven’t yet done so.

Your aim is to have a completed report by December.
With a few tweaks you should be ready with your
final draft before your mock exams, whether they
fall in January, February or March.
! Ask your teacher if you can work in groups.

Collaboration is good for any project. It should help
make the work go faster too.
Geometry looks at all kinds of shapes but you can
consider Trigonometry to be the science of the triangle. ! Choose to study something that interests you. Take
your time to think about it and discuss with your
Have you ever watched a TV show or movie where they
teacher. If you’re out of ideas, make Google your
discuss using ‘triangulation’ to locate someone through
friend. There are reliable websites that offer
their cell phone signal or some tracking device? While
assistance including our own Ministry of Education
it’s not your basic trigonometry, it does have its basis ( moeschools.edu.jm ).
in trigonometry.
! Plagiarism is a serious offence. DO NOT COPY
! Vectors and Matrices SOMEONE ELSE’S WORK!
Most students who study physics will see vectors at
work very often. Business students are more likely to ! Be sure to use authentic data that you have
see matrices as we use arrays to collate, compare and gathered yourself. Your project should make sense.
study large bodies of data related to information such
as sales and warehouse inventories. JOL MATHEMATICS continues on next page
! If it is at all possible, make backup copies of your ! The investigation question is made from a
report. Don’t wait until the last minute to type it combination of different topics. It relies heavily on
out. Start typing your report from the minute you your problem solving and reasoning skills. So spend
decide on a topic and just keep adding on as you go some time with some math puzzles and classic
along. Don’t save it on only one device either. Email pattern and sequence questions to help prepare
it to yourself so that even if your computer crashes yourself for this question.
or your book is stolen or your storage device goes
belly up, you still have it safe in cyber space.
PAPER 01
! This paper consists of 60 multiple choice questions.

PAPER 02
! Note that Sets appears on this paper but does not
appear on Paper 02.
! There are ten compulsory questions on this paper
which is usually administered in the morning.
! Marks are allotted across topics as follows:
! The total possible marks is 100, assigned as follows: TOPIC NO. OF MARKS
TOPIC NO. OF MARKS Number Theory, Computation 6
Number Theory, Computation Consumer Arithmetic 8
9
and Consumer Arithmetic
Sets 6
Measurement 9
Measurement 8
Statistics 9
Statistics 6
Algebra 10
Algebra 6
Relations, Functions & Graphs 20
Relations, Functions & Graphs 8
Investigation 10
Geometry and Trigonometry 8
Geometry and Trigonometry 21 Vectors and Matrices 4
Vectors and Matrices 12 Total 60
Total 100
JOL MATHEMATICS continues on next page
Night before Maths Test - Amazingly funny and true .. lol
A+ MATH HACKS | HOW TO STUDY MATH!! | Paris & Roxy
Let me add some other important points.
" Motivate yourself. Have a goal that you’re working towards on a weekly basis even. Use this each time you feel
like not studying.
" Once the school year has started, get a proper routine going. Map out a 24 hour timetable and post it on your
wall or desk. Trust me, when you sit down to write this you’ll notice just how much time you may have wasted
on stuff that doesn’t help. Make sure you account for time with family and time to commute to and from school
during the weekdays.
" There is a time for everything. Don’t overload on extracurricular activities. At the same time, remember that all
work and no play is not good. Focus when its work time and have fun when its play time too.
" Rest is important. Make sure you’re getting adequate sleep. Find the right study time for your body clock.
Some persons study late then sleep. Others sleep then wake up early mornings to study. As long as you
are getting adequate rest in-between, do what works for you.
" Eat properly. Add some cool foods to your diet. Make a mix of nuts and seeds and use that as your snack
sometimes rather than high sugar foods. Remember that balance is important in everything. Drink properly.
Using caffeine and power drinks to keep yourself awake to study is not a good idea. It’s better to build a good
routine and stay properly hydrated with plain water, tea and fruit juices.
In a nutshell:
S t a y motivated
T i m e table e v er yt hin g
U s e al l ava ila b le resou rce s
D o n ’ t ov e rloa d or fa l l b ehind
Y our b ody i s a templ e.
“Unless you try to do something

beyond what you have already mastered,
you will never grow.”
– Ronald E. Osborn
Next Week: Number Theory and Computation as well as a look at the SBA Introduction.
Charyl Gordon-Brown is on the staff of Mannings School

! Email: charanbrown@gmail.com

SOCIAL
STUDIES Lesson 1
with
Charmaine Fuller-Wallace
CSEC SOCIAL STUDIES – OVERVIEW
The Social Studies course includes several subject areas ORGANISATION OF

which examine:
3 the ways in which human beings interact with the THE CSEC SOCIAL STUDIES SYLLABUS
physical and socio-cultural environment The CSEC Social Studies syllabus is divided into TWO main
3 social issues and challenges and how humans try to sections: Sections A and B. Section A consists of FOUR
solve these questions. All questions in Section A are compulsory.
3 how humans use the physical and socio-cultural Section B consists of THREE questions based on the
environment to meet their present and future needs optional areas. Candidates MUST do ONE question from this
and desires section. Candidates therefore MUST answer a total of FIVE
3 how humans relate to each other as well as the way questions – FOUR from SECTION A and ONE from SECTION B.
society functions
TABLE 1: SYLLABUS CONTENT COMPONENTS
CAREER OPPORTUNITIES RELATED TO SOCIAL STUDIES The syllabus content is divided into TWO sections: A and
B. All the topics in Section A are compulsory and students
should do at least one option from B.
SOME RELATED SYLABUS

DESCRIPTION
CONTENT
TO SOCIAL
STUDIES Individual, Family and Society
# Teacher Sustainable Development

SECTION A: and Use of Resources:
# Counsellors
Development and Use of
# Judge/Lawyer Resources and Regional
# Journalist Integration
# Child Care Worker Three Options (students should
# Lecturer explore at least ONE)
SECTION B: C1: Communication
# Detective C2: Consumer Affairs
# Hotel/Motel Manager C3: Tourism
# Weather Forecaster
# Demographer
JOL SOCIAL STUDIES continues on next page
JOL SOCIAL STUDIES continued from previous page
ORGANISATION OF
THE CSEC SOCIAL STUDIES ASSESSMENT
The format and details of the CSEC General Proficiency Social Studies assessment are outlined below.
1. Assessment for ‘in school’ candidates: Two papers (Paper 1 and Paper 2) and a School-Based Assessment (SBA).
2. For ‘private’ candidates: Three examination papers i.e. Papers 1 and 2 and Paper 3/2.
TABLE 2: ORGANISATION OF THE CSEC SOCIAL STUDIES ASSESSMENT
COMPONENTS DURATION
DESCRIPTION
OF THE ASSESSMENT and MARKS
75 minutes
PAPER 01 60 multiple-choice items from Section A of the syllabus. (1 hour and 15 minutes)
60 marks (30%)
This paper is divided into TWO sections – A and B, covering

a total of SEVEN questions. Students must do FIVE
questions; each values 20 marks. Each question in Section
A is divided into a number of parts and requires students
to write their responses in sentences. In Section C
students are required to do an extended essay.
SECTION A:
There are FOUR questions and students should answer all
FOUR. This section covers topics relating to: 2 hrs 40 minutes
PAPER 02
100 marks (50%)
Individual, Family and Society; Sustainable Development
and Use of Resources; Use of Resources and Regional
Integration
SECTION B:
This section has 3 questions from 3 topics – Tourism,
Consumer Affairs and Communication. One question will
be given from each topic. Students will do only ONE
question, which is an extended essay.

COMPONENTS DURATION
DESCRIPTION
OF THE ASSESSMENT and MARKS
This paper (called the SBA) is a project and is compulsory

for all students sitting the examination who are not
private candidates. It is an assessment of enquiry,
communication, critical thinking and decision making
skills. The topic may be drawn from any area of the
PAPER 03/1:
syllabus and should discuss a problem that exists in the 40 marks
School Based
student’s school, community or country and for which (20%)
Assessment (SBA)
information is available.
Students should bear in mind that the project must be

their own research; as such they should be guided by their
teacher/s throughout the entire process.
This paper is an alternative to the SBA and is for

students who are ‘private candidates’. It is a written
PAPER 03/2 examination which consists of five structured questions 1 hr 30 minutes
(For Private requiring students to give responses, which may vary 40 marks
Candidates) in detail and length. This section is an assessment of (20%)
enquiry, communication, critical thinking and decision
making skills.

KEY ASPECTS OF ACTIVITY

THE SOCIAL STUDIES CSEC COURSE
Answer correctly the questions below
SECTION A
1. All of the following areas are related to Social
INDIVIDUAL AND THE FAMILY Studies EXCEPT:
" Definition of key concepts such as: family and family a) History, Geography, Caribbean Studies and
tree Political Science
" Functions, types, characteristics of a family b) Office Procedure, Psychology and
" Types of family unions: common-law, legal and Anthropology
visiting relationship
c) Mathematics, Physics and Technology
" Roles of family members: parent, child, grandparent,
d) Sociology, Economics and Principle of Business
husband and wife
" Parenthood: preparation for parenthood
" Causes and effects of changes in the Caribbean
family 2. All of the following are reasons why Social Studies
" Contemporary social issues, such as: child abuse, is important EXCEPT:
divorce, teenage pregnancy, street children, juvenile a) It helps individuals to understand
delinquency, STDs/STIs. past/current events, the economy, our culture
" The rights of the child and laws relating to children
and the culture of other countries.
b) Social Studies doesn’t prepare students to be
INDIVIDUAL AND THE SOCIETY
" Definition of key concepts such as: groups, active and responsible members of society.
institutions, group cohesion, social control, norms, c) Social Studies helps individuals to accept and
mores, folkways, revenue, expenditure, parliament, appreciate human diversity, in order to get
proportional representation, first-past-the post, along with people.
bi-cameral legislature, citizenship d) It helps individuals solve the world’s
" Types of Groups problems.
" Types of Institutions – functions and importance
• Institutions include: educational, financial,
recreational, religious, political, health
• Government: definition, types and functions 3. All of the following are careers in Social Studies
– Importance of Government EXCEPT:
– Powers/Branches/Arms of Government a) Mathematician
– Historical timeline of government b) Sociologist
systems in the Caribbean c) Politician
– The electoral processes used in the
d) Teacher
Caribbean
– Factors influencing voter participation
in an election JOL SOCIAL STUDIES continues on next page
True or False
Answer ‘T’ if the question is True and ‘F’ if the question is False.
QUESTIONS ANSWERS
Social Studies introduces students to concepts from the various social science
1
disciplines.
There is an alternative to the SBA for any candidate who is sitting the CSEC
2
Social Studies Examination.
Social Studies contributes to the effective development of learners by placing

3
emphasis on values, as well as on social and interpersonal relationships.
ANSWERS
Multiple Choice Items: 1) C 2) B 3) A
True/False Items: 1) T 2) F 3) T
Next week we will continue with the overview of the Social Studies Syllabus, as well as the Social Studies School
Based Assessment.
Have a wonderful week.
Charmaine Fuller-Wallace ! Email: charmief2@yahoo.com
LECTURE SERIES NOW

The most comprehensive collection AVAILABLE
of CSEC study guides:
♦ English Language
♦ Information Technology BUY
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INFORMATION
TECHNOLOGY Lesson 1
with
Shandeen Robinson-White
INTRODUCTION TO
INFORMATION TECHNOLOGY
Welcome to the 2018/2019 Information Technology lecture
series. In today’s lesson we will present an overview of the
subject, along with the format of the examination and
recommended hardware, in order to be adequately
prepared for the CSEC examination.
OUTLINE OF LESSONS TO BE PUBLISHED
THE JOL LECTURE SERIES, INFORMATION This year’s Information Technology series will consist of
TECHNOLOGY, 3rd EDITION BOOKLET approximately 30 lessons based on different sections of
the syllabus.
For years Jamaica Observer has produced the Study Centre a) Increased emphasis will be placed on examination
strategies. These include: how to answer questions,
weekly lessons on various subjects posted on their website
how to recognise important/command terms in
www.jamaicaobserver.com Information Technology is a
questions, how to determine the length of answers, and
very popular subject in the Study Centre. There is also the process of elimination in multiple choice questions.
Information Technology study guide, the JOL Lecture Series,
Information Technology, 3rd edition to help you prepare b) In order to help prepare you for your School-Based
for your examination. Assessment (SBA), we will begin looking at the
productivity tools, word processing, spreadsheet, and
database.
The book aims to provide, in a concise way, material which
spans the entire CSEC Information Technology syllabus. It c) We will explore the world of ‘problem solving’ and
is available for purchase at Jamaica Observer offices and ‘program implementation’.
bookstores island wide.
d) In some lessons we will use past papers for practice.
From 1991 – January 2010, the Information Technology e) A YouTube video link will be added to every lesson to
syllabus was offered at two proficiencies: the technical help visual learners, and also to emphasise the
proficiency, which focused more on productivity tools educational use of YouTube.
(word processing, database management and
spreadsheet), and the general proficiency, which focused
more on programming.
Both syllabuses have since been combined and only the

general proficiency now exists. JOL INFORMATION TECHNOLOGY continues on next page
JOL INFORMATION TECHNOLOGY continued from previous page
Information Technology is marked electronically. You may visit the CXC website for further details at www.cxc.org. The
e-marking solution enhances some of the quality assurance procedures and results in a more detailed analysis of
examination performance. We will prepare you to use the space given to answer questions accurately.
RECOMMENDED HARDWARE AND SOFTWARE

Hardware
The examination body does not stipulate the hardware to used; they only recommend that you use a reliable computer
system with access to the Internet and a printer.
Software
1. Productivity Tools:
a) Microsoft Word 2007 or 2010 and up
b) Microsoft Excel 2007 or 2010 and up
c) Microsoft Access 2007 or 2010 and up
d) Microsoft PowerPoint 2007 or 2010 and up
e) Microsoft Front Page 2007 or 2010 and up
NOTE: Again, the syllabus does not dictate that the Microsoft Productivity Tools be used, but we have chosen to use
them for the purposes of these lessons because of their popularity in schools, homes and offices.
JOL INFORMATION TECHNOLOGY continues on next page

2. Programming: Pascal EXAMINATION PREPARATION TIPS

3. Operating System: Microsoft Windows XP or Microsoft
Windows Vista or Windows 8 1. Get a copy of the syllabus and use it to guide you in
your studies – the first step is always to ensure that
EXAMINATION FORMAT you know what you are expected to learn in the course
To be awarded a passing grade in the CSEC Information .
Technology examination, you must be successful in 3 papers. 2. Read and make thorough revision notes. Use the
Jamaica Observer Study Centre Online and the JOL
Paper 1 Lecture Series IT book to help. They are especially
Multiple-choice questions: 1 hour and 30 minutes, testing useful during revision.
all sections of the syllabus
3. Collect as many past papers as possible (January and
Paper 2
June), especially the most recent ones. Use them
Structured questions: 2 hours and 15 minutes, testing all
throughout your entire course.
sections of the syllabus
Paper 3 (SBA) 4. Study! Don’t wait for the examination – studying is

School-Based Assessment (SBA): its value is 30% of the easier, less stressful and more effective when done
final grade. habitually from the beginning of a course to the end.
OR
5. Ensure you have adequate access to the recommended
Paper 3 (Alternative Paper) hardware and software, and practise until you can
Written paper testing practical skills (productivity tools confidently use the computer as required for the course.
and programming) – its value is 30% of the final grade.
NOTE: 1. Candidates are able to sit the IT examination
twice per year, in January and/or June. Rem em ber,
2. Candidates are entered to sit either: i f yo u fail to prepare ,
(a) Paper 1, Paper 2 and Paper 3 (SBA) yo u are pre par in g t o fail.
OR
(b) Paper 1, Paper 2 and Paper 3
(Alternative)
3. The Paper 3 (Alternative) is the option
normally selected by candidates who lack the
resources to do the SBA.
4. While the Alternative Paper may seem easier to
do than the SBA, it has been proven that
candidates who do the SBA perform better and
get better grades in the examination than those
candidates who write the Alternative Paper.
Points We recommend that you do the SBA as

to
note long as you have the resources to do so.
BASIC COMPUTER SYSTEM
When studying Information Technology, it is very important to have a computer to practise the tasks given. This could
be a laptop or a desktop computer. Your tablet may not be able to perform all the tasks required.
The system you decide to use must have:

(a) System unit (including a processor)
(b) A display unit (monitor)
(c) Input device(s)
(d) A printer
System Unit Monitor

(houses the motherboard and CPU) (Output device)
Keyboard Mouse
(Input device) (Input device)
NOTE: Refer to the Jamaica Observer Information Technology, 3rd edition booklet for more details on the hardware and
software components of a computer system.

Introduction to computers and complete History Education for all
SOME
RELATED TO
INFORMATION
TECHNOLOGY
Applications Coordinator Peripheral Equipment Operator
Computer Applications Programmer Software Engineer
Computer Operator Software Tester
Computer Technician Software Trainer
Customer Service Engineer System Administrator
Database Administrator Systems Analyst and Designer
Data Entry Operator/Clerk Systems Programmer
IT Manager Technical Documentation Specialist
Multimedia Artist Web Master
Network Administrator Web Developer

EXAMINATION STRATEGIES
Taking an exam is a skill in itself. You are tested on your knowledge of syllabus content AND your ability to accurately
answer all the questions within a set time frame.
Next week we will begin by looking at some typical examination questions in the first section of your syllabus: Hardware
and Software, and we will also look at Paper 2.
Th e School-Ba sed As ses sm en t

PAPER 2
(SBA) tests productivity tools and
Paper 2 is divided into three sections. programming which is already 30%.
Therefore, the intention of this
Section 1: Theory – 60 marks
written paper is to test those skills
Section 2: Productivity Tools – 15 marks theoretically and also to find out
Section 3: Problem Solving & Programming – 45 marks whether a relationship exists
between the two papers (SBA and Paper 2). The Examiner
The number of marks is very important. It indicates the will discover whether or not you did the SBA on your own.
value of each section. The entire paper values 50%, broken
Word to the wise – Ghandi once said: We are what we
down into each section. repeatedly do. Excellence, then, is not an act, but a habit.
In other words, Section 1 values 25% of the 50%. The Shandeen Robinson-White is affiliated with
programming section values 18.5% of the 50%. Maths Unlimited and Hillel Academy.
! Email: teacherrobwhite@hotmail.com
Productivity Tools take the remainder.

HUMAN & SOCIAL
BIOLOGY Lesson 1
with
Leroy Munroe
INTRODUCTION
TO HUMAN AND SOCIAL BIOLOGY
Welcome to the 2018 - 2019 online publication of the
Jamaica Observer Lecture Series on Human and Social
Biology. If you are reading the Lecture Series for the first
time, especially in Human and Social Biology, welcome. I
hope you will find all the lessons in the series to be
informative and helpful. The first two lessons will give you
an overview of the subject, examination and syllabus.
Congratulations to all the readers that were successful in
the May/June 2018 sitting of the CSEC examination. All the
topics will not be covered within all lessons; Candidates
are therefore asked to do additional reading in order to FORMAT OF THE EXAMINATION
fully cover the syllabus.
Candidates are required to sit two papers. Paper 1 consists
Aims of the CSEC syllabus of sixty (60) multiple-choice questions taken from all areas
of the syllabus. This paper lasts for one (1) hour and fifteen
The aim of the CSEC Human and Social Biology syllabus is: (15) minutes.
i. to develop an understanding of the structure and
functioning of the human body. Paper 2 contains of six (6) compulsory questions divided
ii. increase awareness of the interdependence of living into two sections, A and B.
things within the environment.
iii. develop competencies that will enable us to adopt Section A is comprised of four (4) compulsory structured
healthy lifestyles. questions taken from any area of the syllabus. Each
iv. develop experimental and data interpretation skills; question attempts to integrate several areas of the
v. and increase awareness of technological advances. syllabus. All questions in Section A are worth fifteen (15)
marks each.
The Importance of Human and Social Biology
Section B consists of two (2) compulsory structured
Human and Social Biology is concerned with the study of questions drawn from different areas of the syllabus. Each
the structures and functions of the human body. It question is worth fifteen (15) marks.
involves the application of biological principles and
knowledge, the maintenance of our health and the Candidates are NOT required to do a School-Based
challenges of living together. This subject incorporates Assessment (SBA) for this subject. For private candidates
the views that as human beings we have responsibility there is NO Paper 03/2. You are tested on two papers only.
for our environment and an obligation to protect,
maintain and improve its quality. JOL HUMAN & SOCIAL BIOLOGY continues on next page
JOL HUMAN & SOCIAL BIOLOGY continued from previous page
Exam dates MARKS AND WEIGHTING ALLOCATION FOR PROFILE DIMENSIONS

The dates for the both papers in
May/June 2019 are as follow: Paper 01 Paper 02
Multiple- Structured, TOTAL
choice Essay type
1. Paper 02 (six (6) structure Profile Dimensions
questions) Monday May 21, 2019 Raw Scores % Raw Scores % Raw Scores %
at 1:00 pm;
Knowledge and
2. Paper 01 (sixty (60) Multiple 60 40 36 24 96 64
Comprehension
choice) Monday June 4, 2019
at 1: 00pm. Use of Knowledge - - 54 36 54 36
Make note of these dates and start your

preparation early because May is just a Total 60 40 90 60 150 100
few months away!
Candidates are tested on the following HOW THE SYLLABUS IS ORGANISED

two profiles:
i. Knowledge and Comprehension The syllabus is organised under five main sections, it is important that
ii. Use of Knowledge candidates cover all areas under the different sections. Areas to be covered
are listed under each section below.
Knowledge and Comprehension
(KC) Section A
Knowledge refers to your ability to: Living organisms and the environment
i. identify and understand basic
a) Describe the characteristics of living things (respiration, reproduction,
facts, concepts and principles;
excretion, nutrition, growth, movement and irritability).
ii. select appropriate ideas, match
b) Compare the structure of unspecialised plant and animal cells, and
and compare facts, concepts and
microbes (labelled diagrams of plant and animal cells), state the
principles in familiar situations.
function of all cell structures or organelles, examine the following
microbes (micro-organisms), viruses, bacteria and fungi. Identify
Use of Knowledge (UK) selected cells that make up the human body (nerve cell, epithelial cell,
Use of knowledge refers to the ability to: sperm cell, egg cell and muscle cell.
i. use facts and apply concepts, c) Distinguish between diffusion, osmosis and active transport and
principles and procedures in explain their importance in living systems. Examples of each in the
familiar and new situations. human body should also be known.
ii. analyse, organise and evaluate d) The process of photosynthesis should be explained.
information in an effort to make e) Definition of food chain and trophic levels, including constructing food
reasoned judgements and chains.
recommendations. f) Describe the recycling of carbon and nitrogen in the atmosphere,
iii. interpret and draw inferences including diagrams of both cycles.
from practical laboratory
exercises. JOL HUMAN & SOCIAL BIOLOGY continues on next page
Section B 2. Coordination and Control (Nervous system)

Life processes:
a) Describe the main divisions of the nervous system;
1. Nutrition central nervous system - the brain; spinal cord,
peripheral nervous system: spinal nerves and
a) Describe major nutrients and their sources cranial nerves, and autonomic nervous system –
(carbohydrates, proteins and fat), deficiency disease sympathetic and parasympathetic.
should be included.
b) Describe the functions of the following parts of the
b) State the function of the main sources of vitamin A,
B1, C, D and the minerals calcium and iron. brain; cerebrum, cerebellum, medulla oblongata,
hypothalamus and pituitary glands.
c) State the cause, symptoms and treatment of
deficiency diseases, night blindness, anaemia and c) Distinguish between a neurone and a nerve;
rickets. diagram of neurones.
d) Classify vitamins as fat or water soluble; (a) Fat
soluble – A, D, E, K, (b) Water soluble – B, C. d) Describe the mechanisms of a reflex action.
e) Carryout food tests to distinguish among food
nutrients (carbohydrates, non-reducing and e) Explain the process by which voluntary actions
reducing sugar, protein and fats. occur.
f) State the functions of water in the body. f) Distinguish between a voluntary and involuntary
g) Describe, the causes and effects of constipation and action.
diarrhoea.
h) Definition of malnutrition (over and under g) Diagram of eye (internal view). relate the internal
nutrition), obesity, anorexia and bulimia, protein structures of the eye to their functions.
and energy malnutrition (kwashiorkor, marasmus).
h) Explain how images are formed in the eye; explain
i) Describe the importance of teeth in the process of
accommodation in the eye.
digestion; relate the structures of the tooth to their
functions; state the causes of tooth decay.
i) Describe the causes of, and corrective measures for
j) Explain the properties, role and importance of eye defects; long and short-sightedness (diagrams
enzymes involved in digestion; this should include should be included) astigmatism, include the
where they are produced along the digestive system. diseases glaucoma and cataracts.
k) Investigate the effects of temperature and pH on the
activity of the enzymes, amylase and catalase in the j) Distinguish between endocrine (hormonal) and
digestive process; including construction and nervous control systems; identify where hormones
interpretation of graphs. are produce a diagram is needed.
l) Identify the various structures of the digestive
system; relate the structures of the digestive system k) Explain the roles of selected hormones in the human
to their functions; describe the process of digestion body; Pituitary - anti-diuretic hormone (ADH), follicle
and absorption of food in the alimentary canal. stimulating hormone (FSH), luteinising hormone
(LH), growth hormones; Thyroid - thyroxin; Pancreas
m) Describe what happens to the products of digestion
- insulin, glucagon; Adrenals - adrenaline; Ovary -
after absorption.
Oestrogen, progesterone; Testes - testosterone.
n) Describe the structure of a villus in relation to
absorption of digested food nutrients. JOL HUMAN & SOCIAL BIOLOGY continues on next page
3. Circulatory system h) Relate the structures of the arteries, veins and

capillaries to their functions; thickness of walls, size
a) Explain the need for a transport system in the of lumen, presence or absence of valves, diagrams
human body; look at the limitations of simple should be drawn.
diffusion and the relationship between surface area
i) Relate the structures of red blood cells, phagocytes
and volume
and lymphocytes to their functions; diagrams of
these cells should be drawn.
b) dentify the materials which need to be transported
around the human body. j) Explain the process and the importance of blood
clotting; Role of platelets fibrinogen, calcium ions,
c) Relate the structures of the heart to their functions; thrombin in blood clotting.
chambers, valves and blood vessels of the heart
(diagrams required), pacemaker, compare the k) Explain the causes and effects of heart attacks; this
differences in thickness of the right and left should include hypertension (high blood pressure)
ventricles. atherosclerosis, coronary thrombosis, artificial
pacemaker.
d) Describe the structure and function of the heart; the
role of the heart as a double pump. l) Describe the structure and function of the lymphatic
system; role of tissue fluid and lymph; location and
function of lymph nodes.
e) Explain the concept of blood pressure; explain
systole and diastole.
m) Describe how tissue fluid and lymph are formed.
f) Describe the structure and function of the It is important that candidates cover the areas above. See
circulatory system in humans; distinguish between next week’s lesson for continuation of syllabus.
pulmonary and systemic circulation.
g) Relate the components of the blood to its function; Leroy Munroe is on staff of the
Trench Town Polytechnic College ! Email:
plasma, serum, red blood cells, white blood cells,
leroy_munroe@yahoo.com
platelets.
LECTURE SERIES NOW

♦ Spanish YOUR
COPIES

PRINCIPLES OF
BUSINESS Lesson 1
with
Hilary Bassaragh
INTRODUCTION TO PRINCIPLES OF BUSINESS
The CSEC Examination in Principles of Business can only be

REQUIREMENTS OF THE TEACHER
sat at the General Proficiency level. It requires a candidate
to make use of analytical and evaluation skills. The Please ensure that you help the students to select topics
objective of the syllabus is to familiarize students with and explain to them the depth and scope required to
business terms and processes to aid them in pursuing their complete it. Monitor their progress throughout and don’t
goals in business activities. It helps them to develop wait until the last minute to help. Ensure that marks are
management and business skills as well as research skills. recorded and stored properly.
Finally, it empowers students to access and apply the The good news is that if you do more than one Business
correct technology to solve problems in the business subject, you can submit one SBA under a theme for
environment. We will not be able to cover all areas of the these subjects.
syllabus. However, the lessons will cover key areas and are
aimed at preparing you for your examination. STRUCTURE OF THE EXAMINATION
It should be noted that there have been some changes to Paper 01: This is a Multiple-Choice Paper consisting of
the syllabus; this can be accessed using the CXC website. 60 items that are taken from ALL THREE (3)
profiles of the syllabus.
The major changes include: no optional questions and
Items are evenly distributed among the
candidates are now required to answer all five questions profiles (20 items from each profile).
on paper 2. The paper is e-marked, meaning it will be Time allotted for this paper is 1 hour and
scanned and read online therefore candidates must write 15 minutes.
legibly and precise.
Paper 02: Paper 2 is a structured ‘essay type’ paper that
consists of FIVE COMPLUSORY QUESTIONS
Regarding the School Based Assessment, candidates can
present it individually or in groups. However, each Private candidates must be entered for the examination
candidate must submit their own completed project. through the Local Registrar in their respective territories
Similarly, they should do so electronically. It is and will be required to sit Papers 01, 02, and EITHER Paper
03/1 or Paper 03/2. Paper 03/1 is a single guided research
recommended that you email your project to yourself or
project for candidates whose research must be monitored
store it on an external drive to avoid misplacement or loss.
by tutors in a recognized educational institution. The
Please be careful when copying material from books, reports must be original work and must be validated by
articles or from other candidates to use in the projects. the principal and the candidates’ tutors.
CSEC is very strict on plagiarism and there is a penalty for
doing so. JOL PRINCIPLES OF BUSINESS continues on next page
JOL PRINCIPLES OF BUSINESS continued from previous page
Paper 03/2: For Private Candidates

v This is an alternative paper to the School-Based Assessment (SBA) and is offered to private candidates.
v Private candidates opting not to do the SBA are required to write Paper 03/2 in addition to Paper 01
(multiple-choice paper) and Paper 02 (essay paper).
v Paper 03/2 takes the form of a written examination.
v This paper will be based on the same area of the syllabus as the SBA component.
v The paper is a case study that must be completed on the day of the examination.
The time allotted for Paper 03/2 is one (1) hour
WEIGHTING OF PAPER (03/2) SBA

Total Marks
Proficiency Profile 1 (Organizational Principles) 10
Profile 2 (Production, Marketing and Finance) 20
Profile 3 (The Business Environment) 40
COMPONENTS OF THE SYLLABUS
The POB syllabus is divided into TEN (10) sections, which are further grouped into THREE (3) profiles as shown in the
diagram below.
PRINCIPLES OF BUSINESS
PR OF IL E 1 P ROF IL E 2 P ROF IL E 3
Production
Organisational Principles Marketing The Business Environment
Finance
TOPICS BY SECTIONS
TOPICS BY SECTIONS TOPICS BY SECTIONS 8. Role of Government in an
1. The Nature of Business
5. Production Economy
2. Internal Organisational
9. Social Accounting and Social
Environment 6. Marketing Trade
3. Establishing a Business
7. Business and Finance 10. Regional and Global Business
4. Legal Aspects of Business
Environment
Figure 1: Organizational Chart showing the different sections of the syllabus
JOL PRINCIPLES OF BUSINESS continues on next page

JOL PRINCIPLES OF BUSINESS continued from previous page
The table below is a summary of the Examination Structure, along with the allotted marks, as well as the total overall
percentage towards your final grade.
PAPER PROFILE(S) ASSESSED MARKS ALLOTTED PAPER TYPE WEIGHTED %
01 1, 2, 3 60 Multiple- Choice 30%
Structured
02 1, 2, 3 100 50%
Essay-type
03/1: SBA
Research Paper
or
2 40 or 20%
03/2:
Case Study
Alternative Paper
Total 200 100%
Hilary Bassaragh is on the staff of The Queen’s School

! Email: ac_teacher@yahoo.com
LECTURE SERIES NOW

♦ Spanish YOUR
COPIES

PRINCIPLES OF
ACCOUNTS Lesson 1
with
Tedmore Clarke
INTRODUCTION
Welcome to the first lesson in the current lecture series

SECTION 1: ACCOUNTING AS A PROFESSION
for Principles of Accounts. This lesson looks at the
syllabus and examination format for the January and
May 2019 sittings. Students should be able to:
1. Explain the concept and purposes of Accounting
2. Identify the users of accounting information (both
WHY ACCOUNTING? internal and external users)
3. Describe the traditional and emerging careers in the
All careers in the field of business require knowledge of field of Accounting
accounting. If you decide to set up your own business, you 4. Discuss ethical issues in the field of Accounting
will be required to provide accounting information for a
variety of reasons including: loan application, taxation,
SECTION 2: ACCOUNTING AS A SYSTEM
employee deductions and ‘disclosure requirements’. While
you may employ an Accountant for your business, basic
accounting knowledge will enable you to better Students should be able to:
understand the work your Accountant does. 1. Outline the concepts and conventions that guide the
accounting process
2. Describe and give a diagrammatic presentation of
THE SYLLABUS the accounting cycle
3. Appraise the accounting features of different types
The new syllabus for Principles of Accounts is divided into of businesses
eleven (11) compulsory sections as follows: 4. Identify the main financial statements prepared by
1. Accounting as a Profession various organizations
2. Accounting as a System 5. Assess the role and impact of technology
3. Books of Original (Prime) Entry (computers) on the accounting process
4. Ledgers and the Trial Balance 6. Explain the concept of a balance sheet and the
5. The Preparation and Analysis of Financial balance sheet equation
Statements of the Sole Trader 7. Identify the components of a balance sheet or
6. Accounting Adjustments (Accruals, Prepayments, ‘statement of financial position’
Depreciation, Bad Debts) 8. Give examples of different types of assets and
7. Control Systems (Trial Balance, Suspense Account, liabilities (non-current and current)
9. Construct classified balance sheets, showing the
Control Accounts)
various classes of assets and liabilities, and arrange
8. Accounting for Partnerships them in order of liquidity and permanence
9. Accounting for Limited Liability Companies, 10. Determine which items in a balance sheet will
Co-operatives and Non-Profit Organizations change as a result of various transactions
10. Manufacturing Accounts and Inventory Control
11. Accounting for the Entrepreneur JOL PRINCIPLES OF ACCOUNTS continues on next page
JOL PRINCIPLES OF ACCOUNTS continued from previous page
SECTION 3: BOOKS OF ORIGINAL (OR PRIME) SECTION 5: PREPARATION AND ANALYSIS OF

ENTRY/SUBSIDIARY BOOKS FINANCIAL STATEMENTS OF THE SOLE TRADER
Students should be able to: Students should be able to:

1. Explain the uses of books of original entry (General 1. Explain the purpose of preparing financial
Journal, Cash Book, Petty Cash Book, Purchases statements.
Book, Sales Book, Returns Inward Book, Returns 2. Identify the components of the financial
Outward Book) statements.
2. Distinguish between cash and credit transactions 3. Draw up the income statement for sole traders to
3. Identify source documents related to books of determine gross profit or loss and net profit or loss.
original entry 4. Prepare a classified balance sheet in vertical style,
Source documents: vouchers, receipts, showing working capital.
bank statements, invoices, credit notes, 5. Explain the significance of the working capital for
debit notes, petty cash vouchers, etc) the operation of a business.
4. Prepare source documents for use in transaction 6. Use ratios to determine the performance
descriptions (profitability) of the business.
5. Translate source documents into transaction 7. Calculate ratios to demonstrate the financial
descriptions position of a business.
6. Use source documents to make entries into the 8. Show the effect of net profit or loss on capital.
books of original entry 9. Make recommendations about a business based on
7. Distinguish between trade and cash discounts ratio analysis.
8. Distinguish between discounts allowed and 10. List methods of inventory (stock) valuation (fifo, lifo
discounts received and avco methods).
9. Balance the cash book and interpret the balances 11. Calculate the value of closing inventory (stock).
10. Balance the petty cash book 12. Assess the effect of different methods of inventory
11. Indicate treatment of totals from books of original (stock) valuation on profit.
entry 13. Prepare closing journal entries.
SECTION 4: LEDGERS AND THE TRIAL BALANCE SECTION 6: ACCOUNTING ADJUSTMENTS
Students should be able to: Students should be able to:

1. Describe the different classes of accounts (nominal, 1. Explain accounting concepts that underpin the need
real and personal) for adjustments.
2. Identify the different types of ledgers (general 2. Explain why adjustments are made to the financial
ledger, sales ledger and purchases ledger) statements.
3. Explain the significance of debit and credit in each 3. Prepare journal entries and ledger entries for
class of account prepayments and advance revenues.
4. Draw up simple account formats, neatly and accurately 4. Prepare journal entries and ledger entries for
5. Post from books of original entry to the general accrued expenses and revenues.
ledger and the subsidiary ledgers 5. Indicate where accruals and prepayments will
6. Balance and close accounts appear on the balance sheet.
7. Interpret entries and balances 6. Explain the reasons for bad debts.
8. Use the balances brought down to construct the 7. Distinguish between bad and doubtful debts.
trial balance
9. Outline the uses and limitations of the trial balance JOL PRINCIPLES OF ACCOUNTS continues on next page
8. Prepare journal entries and ledger accounts to write

SECTION 8: ACCOUNTING FOR PARTNERSHIPS
off bad debts and create provision for doubtful
debts.
9. Indicate the treatment for bad and doubtful debts Students should be able to:
in the income statement and balance sheet. 1. Define a partnership and state the features of a
10. Discuss the nature of depreciation. partnership business.
11. Calculate annual depreciation expenses using the 2. Give reasons for establishing partnerships.
straight-line method and reducing-balance method. 3. Outline the essential components of a partnership
12. Prepare journal entries and ledger accounts for agreement.
provision for depreciation. 4. Prepare journal entries and ledger accounts to
13. Distinguish between capital expenditure and record the capital of a partnership.
revenue expenditure. 5. Use various methods to share profit/loss among
14. Determine the amount of expenses or revenues to partners.
be transferred to the income statement. 6. Prepare appropriation account of partnerships and
15. Prepare income statements to reflect adjusting current account of partners.
entries. 7. Explain the significance of the brought-down
16. Prepare financial statements after adjustments. balances on partners’ current accounts.
8. Prepare balance sheet of partnerships.
SECTION 7: CONTROL SYSTEMS
SECTION 9: ACCOUNTING FOR CORPORATIONS
(LIMITED LIABILITY COMPANIES) CO-OPERATIVES
Students should be able to: AND NON-PROFIT ORGANIZATIONS
1. Explain the uses of control accounts in the
accounting process.
2. Outline the three most commonly used control Students should be able to:
systems in the accounting process. 1. Identify the essential features of limited liability
3. Distinguish between those errors which affect and companies, co-operatives and non-profit
those which do not affect the trial balance. organizations.
4. Prepare journal entries for the correction of errors. 2. Identify the types of limited liability companies,
5. Explain the need for and construct a suspense co-operatives and non-profit organizations.
account. 3. Outline the advantages and disadvantages of a
6. Construct a statement of revised (corrected) profit limited liability company.
after the correction of errors. 4. Describe the various methods of raising capital
7. Explain the purposes of control accounts and how available to limited liability companies and
they are prepared. co-operatives.
8. Identify the sources of information for entries made 5. Identify the various types of shares and the rights
in control accounts. of the owners of each type of share.
9. Construct sales and purchases ledger control 6. Prepare journal entries to record the issue of shares
accounts. and debentures.
10. Explain the significance of the balances on control 7. Calculate dividend payments for various types of
accounts. shares.
11. Identify items that will result in differences 8. Appropriate profits between dividends and
between cash book and bank statement balances. reserves.
12. Construct a bank reconciliation statement using the
adjusted cash book and bank statement balances. JOL PRINCIPLES OF ACCOUNTS continues on next page
9. Identify the various components of shareholders’ equity (share capital and reserves).
10. Prepare the final accounts of limited liability companies and co-operatives.
11. Analyze performance and position using ratios.
12. Prepare receipts and payments accounts for non-profit organizations.
SECTION 10: MANUFACTURING ACCOUNTS AND INVENTORY CONTROL
Students should be able to:

1. Distinguish between direct and indirect costs.
2. Prepare manufacturing accounts.
3. Calculate unit cost of items produced.
4. Prepare final accounts for a manufacturing concern.
5. Apply basic costing principles, such as cost-plus pricing, absorption costing and mark-up pricing.
6. List methods of inventory valuation (fifo, lifo and avco).
7. Calculate the value of closing inventory using either fifo, lifo or avco.
8. Account for raw materials, work-in-progress and finished goods inventories.
9. Assess the effects of different methods of inventory valuation on profit.
SECTION 11: ACCOUNTING FOR THE ENTREPRENEUR
Students should be able to:

1. List methods of payment (cash, cheques, debit card, credit card, standing orders, direct debits, electronic funds
transfer and point of sale).
2. Identify basic source documents of the payroll (manual time card or electronic clock-in card , time sheet,
pay-sheet, pay-advice, job ticket or job card).
3. Prepare spreadsheet to arrive at net pay amounts after deductions.
4. Identify main accounting software used for payroll (quick books, peach tree accounting, turbo pay).
5. Distinguish between voluntary and statutory deductions.
6. Calculate employees’ earnings.
7. Prepare cash flow projections within a six month period.
8. Prepare sales and production budgets for a three-month period.
9. Use accounting knowledge and skills to prepare a simple business plan for a small project.
TUTORIAL NOTE: The syllabus may be obtained free of cost from the CXC website: www.cxc.org
JOL PRINCIPLES OF ACCOUNTS continues on next page

EXAMINATION FORMAT PAPER 2: A problem-solving paper consisting of FIVE (5)

compulsory questions, drawn from the entire
The examination for Principles of Accounts is divided into syllabus.
three papers.
PAPER 1: 60 multiple-choice questions, taken from the Candidates are expected to write their responses
in the areas and tables provided in the question
entire syllabus, as follows:
paper booklet.
SECTION NO OF QUESTIONS The duration of this paper is 3 hours and all

1 4 questions carry equal marks (20 each). This
paper accounts for 50% of the total marks for the
2 4
overall examination.
3 6
PAPER 3: A School-Based Assessment (SBA) component
4 7
(Paper 3A or Paper 03/1), testing Sections 2 to 6
5 6 primarily. The SBA accounts for 20% of the total
6 8 marks for the overall examination.
OR
7 4 A Case Study component (Paper 3B or Paper 03/2)
8 5 – for private candidates only – consisting of 10
to 15 short-answer questions based on case
9 8 studies and drawn from Sections 2 to 6 primarily.
10 4 The duration of this paper is 1½ hours and it
accounts for 20% of the total marks for the
11 4 overall examination. Candidates are required to
TOTAL 60 write their responses in the question paper
booklet.
The duration of this paper is 1½ hours and it accounts for

30% of the total marks for the overall examination. Tedmore Clarke is on the staff of Quality Academics
Candidates are required to shade their responses (using ! Email: tedmoreorless@hotmail.com
pencils) on pre-printed examination ‘cards’.
LECTURE SERIES NOW

♦ Spanish YOUR
COPIES

INTEGRATED
SCIENCE Lesson 1
with
Michelle Smith-Henry
INTRODUCTION
Welcome everyone to the first lesson in the 2018 – 2019

CSEC Integrated Science Lecture Series. I hope and trust you The syllabus is broken down into three sections. Each
were able to obtain some much needed rest over the section is further divided into units. The units are
summer break. For my fourth form students, do not look subdivided into specific objectives, explanatory notes and
at the sheer volume of work you have to accomplish and suggested practical activities.
be fearful. Let your mind be at ease, for the journey of a
thousand miles begins with one step. To my fifth form The following is a table outlining the syllabus:
students, you have taken on part of the course and have
SECTIONS UNITS
weathered the storms for the past three terms. You only
have a little way to go; remember the race is not for the a) Matter
swift but for he who endures to the end. b) Reproduction and Growth
SECTION A c) Food and Nutrition
Here are a few helpful tips: The Organism d) Transport Systems
1. Get a syllabus for yourself. Tick off the units and And Its e) Respiration and Air Pollution
related objectives as they are completed. It will help Environment f) Excretion
you to track your progress. g) Sense Organs and Coordination
2. Always be prepared for class. Ensure you have on h) Health and Sanitation
hand: pens, pencils, rulers (15cm and 30cm),
calculator, textbook, notebooks, laboratory book, a) Temperature Control and
plain paper and graph paper. This is for both your Ventilation
content and SBA classes. SECTION B b) Conservation of Energy
3. Spend time reading over the content in your textbook The Home And c) Electricity and Lighting
and notebook. It is imperative that you learn the The Workplace d) Machines and Movement
information for each section of the syllabus. e) Metals and Non-metals
4. Complete all course assignments – classwork, f) Acids, Bases and Mixtures
homework, SBA, project, etc. Never leave a question
a) The Universe and Our Solar System
unanswered or a laboratory report undone.
b) The Terrestrial Environment
5. Form study groups with your friends or get peer
SECTION C c) Water and the Aquatic
tutoring. Use this time to help each other
understand the material; assist each other with Earth’s Place In Environment
The Universe d) Fossil Fuels and Alternative
completing assignments and revise for tests or
examinations. However, do not do the work for your Sources of Energy
friend. e) Forces
6. Always have a positive work attitude. Remember
you can do all things through Christ who
strengthens you. JOL INTEGRATED SCIENCE continues on next page
JOL INTEGRATED SCIENCE continued from previous page
Once you have completed your course of study, you Paper 031 is the School Based Assessment (SBA) done over
should have developed skills in the three profile the two-year programme, which will evaluate your
dimensions given below: achievement of the practical skills in the laboratory and
field work. You are required to keep a laboratory notebook
Knowledge and Comprehension (KC) involving the skills of to write in the reports. Paper 031 will test UK and XS profile
dimensions and contributes 20% to your final mark.
retaining the information acquired and the understanding
of the information grasped.
The alternative to the School Based Assessment (Paper
031) for private candidates is Paper 032.
Use of Knowledge (UK) involving the skills of application,
analysis/interpretation, synthesis and evaluation. Paper 032 is a practical examination composed of three (3)
questions to be done in 2 hours and 10 minutes. Questions
Practical/Experimental Skills (PS/XS) involving will incorporate written exercises and practical activities.
Observation/Recording/Reporting (ORR), Drawing (D), This portion of the examination will test UK and XS profile
Manipulation and Measurement (MM), Planning and dimensions and contributes 20% to your final mark.
Designing (PD), and Analysis and Interpretation (AI).
The lessons put forward in the upcoming months will
During practical work, you are expected to also utilise cover a variety of topics across the three sections of the
syllabus. Each lesson will include content, examples,
the skills listed under the Use of Knowledge profile
questions, puzzles, etc. Please read carefully before
dimension. Your teacher will guide you through the
attempting the activities (puzzles, questions, etc.) and look
SBA programme. Remember to follow instructions at back when stumped.
all times.
NB: The clues to answering the question is given in the
activity itself. I am looking forward to a wonderful
FORMAT OF THE EXAMINATION year with you.
There are three aspects of the examination: Theme for the Year
What my mind can conceive and my heart truly believe,
I will achieve.
Paper 1 comprises sixty (60) multiple choice questions
to be completed in 1 hour and 15 minutes (75 minutes).
Say aloud then copy the pledge below and paste it up
The items are taken from all areas of the syllabus and where you do your schoolwork at home.
will test the KC profile dimension. Paper 1 contributes
30% of your final mark. Pledge
I ___________________________________ promise to believe
Paper 2 contains six (6) compulsory questions to be in myself, put all my energy into my work,
answered in 2 hours and 30 minutes. Part A consists of stay focused and trust in God to carry me through.
four (4) structured questions taken from all areas of the
syllabus with Question 1 being a practical/investigative Until next week students, God bless You!
type question. Part B consists of two (2) essay type
questions. These questions will test the KC, UK and XS Michelle Smith-Henry is on the staff of
profile dimensions. Paper 2 contributes 50% of your Excelsior High School
final mark. ! Email: chellysmithus@gmail.com

ENGLISH
LITERATURE Lesson 1
with
Simone Gibbs
INTRODUCTION
Welcome back to a new school year. I hope your summer was

enjoyable and you had a lot of fun. Now it’s time to concentrate
on working hard so that you can do well in your CSEC
examinations in general and English Literature in particular. Let’s
work together over the next few months and you will be able
to successfully complete the English Literature examination. Pay
keen attention in all your classes, read the weekly lessons on
the Jamaica Observer’s website at www.jamaicaobserver.com
and click on the Study Centre link at the top of the page. Give
me feedback on whether the articles have helped you and how
I can help you in future articles.
Last year some changes were made to the English

Literature syllabus and to the examination. By now you MORE ABOUT PAPER 01
should be aware of these changes. Nevertheless, I will
outline the changes below, just in case you are unaware a) This paper will be 2 hours long.
of them. I will also give general information that you
might find useful. b) It will be divided into THREE sections – drama, poetry
and prose fiction. You are expected to respond to sixty
RE: 2018 – 2023 ENGLISH B SYLLABUS AND EXAMINATION (60) MULTIPLE CHOICE questions.
There will be TWO drama excerpts, TWO poems and
1. You will be required to do a School Based Assessment TWO prose extracts on the paper. There will be twenty
(S.B.A.) which will contribute to your final grade. If you are (20) questions on each genre. One mark will be
doing English A (Language) and English B (Literature) you allocated to each question. The total marks for this
will only be required to do ONE S.B.A. for both subjects. paper will therefore be sixty (60) marks.
If, however, you are registered as a private candidate,
you will not be required to do an S.B.A. Instead you will c) The excerpts presented here are likely to be material
be required to do Paper 03/2 – which will be done in
that you have not seen before (that is why this Paper
examination format. Both these papers will be worth
is often referred to as “The Unseen Paper”).
29% of the final grade.
d) All questions are compulsory.
2. ALL candidates will be required to write Paper 01 and
Paper 02. More information about each paper will be
e) This paper will be 21% of the final grade.
given hereafter.
3. Both papers will be worth 29% of the final grade. JOL ENGLISH LITERATURE continues on next page
JOL ENGLISH LITERATURE continued from previous page
MORE ABOUT PAPER 02

PRESCRIBED TEXTS FOR 2018 – 2023
a) Duration: 2 hours and 10 minutes
Selections from A World of Poetry for CSEC
b) The paper will be divided into THREE sections.
1. An African Thunderstorm, David Rubadri
c) You will be required to write ONE essay from EACH of the
2. Once Upon a Time, Gabriel Okara
three genres of literature (drama, poetry and prose).
3. Birdshooting Season, Olive Senior
These questions will be based on prescribed texts.
4. West Indies, U.S.A., Stewart Brown
d) Section ONE will focus on Shakespeare and Modern 5. Sonnet Composed Upon Westminster Bridge, William
Drama. Wordsworth
6. Orchids, Hazel Simmons-McDonald
N.B. In previous examinations there were FOUR 7. The Woman Speaks to the Man who has Employed her
questions in this section, now there will only be Son, Lorna Goodison
TWO – ONE on EACH play. Candidates must choose 8. It is the Constant Image of Your Face, Dennis Brutus
ONE question from this section. 9. God’s Grandeur, Gerard Manley Hopkins
10. A Stone’s Throw, Elma Mitchell
e) Section TWO will be based on the twenty (20) selected 11. Test Match Sabina Park, Stewart Brown
poems from the prescribed texts. There will be TWO
12. Theme for English B, Langston Hughes
questions. One will be generic. That will allow you to
13. Dreaming Black Boy, James Berry
choose TWO of the twenty poems in order to respond
to the question. The other question will identify TWO 14. My Parents, Stephen Spender
of the poems and ask for your response. You will be 15. Dulce et Decorum Est, William Owen
required to compare the two poems. You must choose 16. This is the Dark Time, My Love, Martin Carter
ONE question from this section. 17. Ol; Higue, Mark McWatt
18. Mirror, Sylvia Plath
f) Section THREE will feature prose fiction. 19. South, Kamau Brathwaite
20. Little Boy Crying, Mervyn Morris
N.B. In previous examinations there were SIX
questions in this section – TWO on EACH of the
novels and TWO set on the short stories. Now Selections from A World of Prose for CSEC
there will only be FOUR questions – ONE on each
novel and TWO based on the short stories. You
will be asked to compare the short stories. You 1. The Two Grandmothers, Olive Senior
must choose ONE question from this section. 2. Blackout, Roger Mais
3. Emma, Carolyn Cole
g) Each question will be worth 35 marks: 25 marks for 4. The Man of the House, Frank O’Connor
content and 10 marks for organisation and mechanics 5. Blood Brothers, John Wickham
of writing. Hence the paper will be a total of 105 marks. 6. The Day the World Almost Came to an End, Pearl
Crayton
h) This paper is 50% of the final mark. 7. The Boy Who Loved Ice Cream, Olive Senior
8. Berry, Langston Hughes
The SBA will therefore be 21% of the final mark. Next 9. Mom Luby and the Social Worker, Kristin Hunter
week I will give you more information about the SBA. 10. To Da-duh, in Memoriam, Paule Marshall
Here are the prescribed texts for the 2018 – 2023 CSEC
examinations. Hopefully you are familiar with these and
you have covered much of the material already. JOL ENGLISH LITERATURE continues on next page
JOL ENGLISH LITERATURE continued from previous page
DRAMA
The Tempest, William Shakespeare
Ti-Jean and His Brothers, Derek Walcott
NOVELS
Breath, Eyes, Memory, Edwidge Danticat
To Kill a Mockingbird, Harper Lee
Please be reminded that you don’t have to study ALL the above texts. In preparation for the examination you should
know all twenty (20) poems. You will however have a choice between the two (2) prescribed plays (drama) and
questions from prose fiction (the novels and the short stories). Ultimately you will be required to answer ONE drama
question, ONE poetry question and ONE question from prose fiction– a total of three (3) essay questions.
Wow! That might seem like a lot to digest, but don’t worry, with hard work you can accomplish your goals. Please join
me next week for another lesson.
Simone Gibbs is on the staff of Calabar High School

! Email: simonecgibbs@yahoo.com
LECTURE SERIES (3rd Edition)

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T ODAY !
HEART CAREER TALK continued from previous page
www.jamaicaobserver.com
Article
with Career Development Services I
THE NATIONAL TRAINING AGENCY
INTRODUCTION TO CAREER DEVELOPMENT
Imagine that you work in an education system where students describe their educational experiences saying:
“I can hardly wait to get to school each day because I know I will learn
something that is important to me. Teachers and counsellors link their
subjects and programmes to my strengths, skills, talents, interests and
dreams, and try to make sure that I feel competent, confident and
connected. I always feel successful at the end of the day.”
“I know how all of my subjects are related to each other

because teachers and counsellors regularly help us understand this.”
“I have an education/career plan that keeps me focused and helps me

make connections between what I am learning at school and success in
the adult world. Because of this, I always know what I am learning,
why I am learning it, and how I will be able to use it when I am no
longer in school. I review and adjust my plan regularly.”
HEART CAREER TALK continues on next page

CAREER DEVELOPMENT
Career Development is a lifelong process of managing progression in learning and work. The quality of this process
significantly determines the nature and quality of people’s lives, the kind of persons they become, the sense of purpose
they have, and the income at their disposal. It also determines the social and economic contribution they make to the
communities and societies of which they are a part. .” (A.G. Watts in ‘Why Career Development Matters’, 2004)
CAREER SERVICES
“Career Development Services refers to a wide range of programmes and services provided in many different jurisdiction
and delivery settings. The objective is to assist individuals to gain the knowledge, skills, attitude and behaviour to
manage their life, learning and work in self-directed ways.” (Canadian Career Development Foundation, 2002)
CAREER DEVELOPMENT IN THE EDUCATION AND TRAINING SYSTEMS

A quality career guidance programme will:
! create a more positive school climate in which all students can learn
! help students fully explore their educational and career opportunities
! establish ‘school to work’ transition programmes
! help students learn how to manage time, organise information, make decisions and deal with changes
! help students develop employability skills such as communication, interpersonal skills, working in teams as well
as other cooperative work skills
! help students develop a positive work ethic
! assist students to acquire skills for personal, career and life-style development
! provide education and information about occupational safety, employees’ rights and responsibilities
! help students assess their interests, abilities and skills, and provide information about work, education and
training opportunities
! guide students in writing educational and career development plans which are maintained and updated by
students and the school
! help students learn to take responsibility for their educational and career planning
! assure a coordinated team effort to address the needs of all students
! equip students with skills necessary for success in school, family and workplace
! encourage life-long learning
With this in mind, the unit will be providing a series of articles that involve career planning and understanding today’s
workplace, as well as contextualising learning experiences of students in terms of ‘what am I learning, why am I
learning it and how I can use the knowledge learned?’

TOPICS TO BE ADDRESSED IN THE SERIES
! Self-development ! Examining Career Clusters
! Career planning ! Careers in Science, Technology, Engineering

& Mathematics (STEM) – Introduction
! Employability skills
! Financial management
! Exploring the Labour Market: Hot Jobs
! Entrepreneurship
! How Social Network Can Make or Break Your Career
! Job Search
! Self-Assessment
! Career decision-making process ! Preparing resumes and cover letters
! Matching careers with personalities ! Interview Techniques
! Understanding today’s workplace ! Networking
! Career Exploration Techniques ! Work Life Balance
CAREER DEVELOPMENT MODEL
Career
Personal
Social Educational
Goals
The career development model embraces a comprehensive approach and involves educational, personal and social goals.

DEFINITION OF KEY CAREER TERMS
What is Career Education?

Career Education is the totality of experiences infused into the elementary and secondary curricula. Career Education
provides an avenue through which individuals learn about work as a part of their way of life and through which
they relate work values to other life roles and choices.
Career
A career is the totality of work (paid or unpaid) one does in his/her lifetime.
Career Guidance
Career Guidance is the process of assisting persons to apply skills, techniques and information at the individual
level. Through career guidance persons are able to make realistic and appropriate choices and future options.
WHO CAN HELP ME WITH MY CAREER DEVELOPMENT?
Career Development Professionals have the skills, knowledge and experience required to assist you with your career
development needs.
There are several different names given to career development professionals. The two most popular names in Jamaica
are: Career Development Officers and Career Counsellors. Many guidance counsellors also offer advice to students.
Can you think of any other names that career professionals are called?
CONCLUSION
Career development in general and career guidance specifically assist persons in managing their careers. This is
important because of the current rapid changes in technology that leads to fast changes in available careers. We can
no longer focus solely on traditional careers such as doctors, teachers, nurses and lawyers.We have to now explore and
become familiar with new and emerging careers such as animators, health advocates, health informatics technician,
mobile app developers and many others. Many old and traditional careers are on the decline or have become obsolete
and new ones are being developed.
Erica Williams is the Manager, Career Development Services at HEART Trust/NTA,

National TVET Centre, Gordon Town Road, St. Andrew
! E-mail: erica_williams@heart-nta.org
Telephone: 977-1700-5, 970-2139.
Website: www.heart-nta.org.
ERIES
LECT(3UrdREEditSion) :
ides
tudy gu
CSEC s Language
li s h
E n g nology,
on Tech
Informati and History.
Spanish
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NOW Online
THE DAILY OBSERVER Tuesday, September 4, 2018 Page 46 www.jamaicaobserver.com
Online:
► Communication
Studies 47 – 49
► Caribbean
Studies 50 – 54
TAKING TIME OUT FOR THE TEAM

SABINA PARK, KINGSTON: Clarendon Cricket Club team taking a
photo-break at the Kingston Wharves Limited Under-15 40 overs
cricket final on August 28, 2018 (Photo: Garfield Robinson)
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COMMUNICATION
STUDIES Lesson 1
with
Peta-Gaye Perkins Bryan
INTRODUCTION
Hi everyone. I hope you had some great summer fun and

THE SUBJECT
you are ready for a new school year and to achieve
excellence in all the subjects you will be pursuing. I must
also say welcome to our lessons for Communication CAPE Communication Studies is a Caribbean based subject
Studies as well as welcome to 6th form for those students done over 8-9 months with an external exam done at the
who will be doing the subject in lower sixth. For today’s end of the period. It promises to be an exciting subject
lesson the focus will be on what the subject is about and that will expose you to a myriad of practicable and terrific
some of the topics we will explore over the rest of the areas you took for granted. It is a mixture of a variety of
school year. subject areas such as Linguistics, Media & Communication,
History, Research Methods and Rhetoric. You will definitely
Let me begin by noting that the subject is not a “higher
have to be careful with your grammar, organisation and
English”. If you approach the subject with that perception
expression as you are going to be required to write essays
then you may have a bit of difficulty navigating your way
for much of the practice throughout the year. It will be a
through the subject over the next eight (8) months.
very wonderful year where you will gain skills for a
What is Communication Studies subject about? Will it lifetime. You will harness analytical skills which you need
merely be about ‘communicating’? Take a look below to in the workplace and of course to do further studies.
see all the exciting areas which are a part of this subject.
In your syllabus there are three (3) modules to be covered
and an internal assessment (I.A.) you will submit.
Module 1: Gathering and Processing Information - In this

module you will cover research methods,
identifying discourse types and stating
characteristics of and strategies used in said
discourse types.
Module 2: Language & Community - In this module you

will learn about the languages in the
Caribbean, how they were developed and how
we view each other based on how we speak.
JOL COMMUNICATION STUDIES continues on next page

JOL COMMUNICATION STUDIES continued from previous page
Module 3: Speaking & Writing - This module looks at the communication process, barriers to effective communication
as well as types of communication.
You will not necessarily cover the three modules in a linear format as two may be done concurrently.
AREAS TO BE COVERED ACTIVITIES

Study and summary skills. What is communication? Draw diagram illustrating the
The communication process. The objectives of communication communication process.
Effective communication. Ways of communicating. Facilitators

and barriers to communication.
YouTube video
NB. Technology in communication
Contexts of communication
Forms of communication (verbal/ non-verbal).

Non-verbal communication (definition).
Types of non-verbal communication.

Practice questions.
Functions of non-verbal communication.
Listening comprehension (introduction).
Definition of verbal communication

Characteristics of language
Practice questions
Language vs. a language
Sway presentation
Purposes and functions (what it does) of language
Object lesson
Types of Discourse
Introduction to the internal assessment
Language and social history in the West Indies
Language varieties in the West Indies
Types of English.
The Language Continuum Ruler analogy
JOL COMMUNICATION STUDIES continues on next page

JOL COMMUNICATION STUDIES continued from previous page
I am also recommending that you download a copy of the syllabus to assist you as you get engaged with this new
subject area. You may use the link below to get your copy and even view specimen papers.
http://www.cxc.org/subject/communication-studies-cape/
Follow along with your teachers as well as stay ahead with the readings to be that more prepared for classes and
ultimately your external exams in May-June 2019.
These are a few of the text books which may be helpful as you study the CAPE Communication Studies syllabus over the
next few months. There are some more recommendations for other text books in the syllabus.
McDermott, H. (2008). CAPE Communication Studies. Trinidad: Caribbean Educational Publishers
Roberts, P. (1988). The West Indians and Their Language. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
Simmonds-McDonal, H., Fields, L. & Roberts, P. (1997). Writing in English: A Course Book for Caribbean Students. Jamaica: Ian
Randle Publishers.
Zeuchner, R. (2002). Communicating Today: The Essentials. Pearson.
This is where we stop for this week but for next week, think about how you study and try to see if your method works
for you. As you prepare I want you to think about the picture below and say if you think this person is getting any
studying done. Is this a way to study and what type of learner is she classified as?
I look forward to sharing with you next week so see you on our site soon.
Peta-Gaye Perkins Bryan is on the staff of Queen’s High School for Girls
! Email: perkins.pg@gmail.com

CARIBBEAN
STUDIES Lesson 1
with
Debgeri Whitely
INTRODUCTION TO CARIBBEAN STUDIES
Hello everyone and welcome back to a new school year! It is my hope and belief
that this year will be a very productive one and you will work assiduously to
achieve grade ones. For this week’s lesson we will be doing a brief introduction Caribbean Sea
to Caribbean Studies.
All the best and see you next week and the weeks to come. Have a great year!
What is Caribbean Studies?

“Caribbean Studies is an interdisciplinary field of study that draws on perspectives, largely from the humanities and
social sciences to provide an understanding of Caribbean society and cultures.”1
The diagram below shows the disciplines that are integrated to form the subject Caribbean Studies.
Cultural Studies
and Ethics
Sociology Economics
DISCIPLINES INTEGRATED
Physical and TO FORM Government
Human Ecology and Politics
CARIBBEAN STUDIES
International History
Relations
Therefore, Caribbean Studies seek to make students well rounded in varying content areas and issues plaguing our
region and ever changing world (e.g. physical, political and socio-economic challenges facing the countries within the
region as well as the Diaspora). As such, the content area possesses a syllabus which looks at these areas.
1
http://www.cxc.org/subject/caribbean-studies-cape/
JOL CARIBBEAN STUDIES continues on next page

JOL CARIBBEAN STUDIES continued from previous page
STRUCTURE OF THE SYLLABUS
The syllabus is divided into three modules. The table which follows highlights the main topics and subheadings which
will be covered in each module.
MODULE 1 MODULE 2 MODULE 3

“Caribbean Society “Issues in “Investigating Issues
and Culture” Caribbean Development” in the Caribbean”
3 Location and definition of the 3 Concepts and indicators of 3 Nature and purpose of
Caribbean Region and its development research
Diaspora
3 The research problem:
3 Factors that promote or
3 The historical process objectives and characteristics
hinder development
of research objectives
3 Characteristics of society and
culture 3 Globalization and 3 Sources of information
development
3 Identity and social formation 3 Methods of survey
3 The Integration Movement

3 Impact of geographical 3 Sampling
phenomena on Caribbean
3 Contributions of sport
people 3 Forms of presenting data and
techniques for analyzing data
3 Impact of societal 3 Intellectual traditions
institutions on Caribbean 3 Conclusion and
people 3 Roles and functions of the recommendations
mass media
3 Caribbean Arts and Popular 3 Referencing style
Culture in the Region and its
3 Social justice
Diaspora 3 Principles of ethical conduct

Hence, the information garnered in the subject will prove beneficial or an asset for one who wishes to work in other
countries within the region or other parts of the world. It not only offers this, but it also aids in the development of
one’s academic/life skills. The diagram below gives a visual presentation of this.
SKILLS AND ABILITIES

KNOWLEDGE AND COMPREHENSION: USE OF KNOWLEDGE: ENQUIRY AND COMMUNICATION:
! understand facts, concept, ! arrange and relate facts, ! utilize, analyze and evaluate
principles, processes and concepts and principles primary and secondary
theories to illustrate a range of sources of information
! explain using various phenomena ! use various methods to
perspectives the development investigate issues relating
of the Caribbean Region and ! organize/classify information, to Caribbean society
the Diaspora assess, interpret, evaluate, and culture
! value the nature and purpose infer, judge, conclude ! clearly and logically
of research and make relevant communicate ideas,
recommendations findings and recommendations
in the appropriate format
Caribbean Studies is very relevant within our society and to our people. Below is a brief synopsis of how Caribbean
Studies is relevant.
THE RELEVANCE OF CARIBBEAN STUDIES WITHIN OUR REGION
Caribbean Studies lends itself to in-depth research, the gathering, analyzing and interpretation of information and
skills that are needed for further academic study and the working world. Therefore, Caribbean Studies is a content
area that:
3 teaches appreciation for challenges within the Caribbean
3 shows Caribbean citizens their roles and responsibilities in preserving and contributing to their
Caribbean Heritage
3 gives awareness of the importance of living in harmony with the environment and human beings
(transmission of family and kinship values), community cohesion, moral issues (responsibility/accountability
to self and community)
3 facilitates the acquisition of enquiry skills, which are important in becoming successful in one’s academic life
and the world of work (to function efficiently in the 21st century)
3 seeks to foster the exploration and development of Caribbean identities
*** Please note that there has been a change to Paper Two of the External Assessment ***

Each subject area has its way of testing its students and Caribbean Studies is no different. The table below emphasizes
the methods of testing for each student.
METHODS OF ASSESSMENT
VALUE
ASSESSMENT DESCRIPTION
(PERCENTAGE OF TOTAL SCORE)
Paper 03
This is a research paper which
emphasizes the collection and
analysis of data from primary and 40%
School Based Assessment secondary sources on issues in the
(SBA) Caribbean Region. This paper MUST be submitted in
order to pass the examination
*** Please see your syllabus for
recommended areas
for investigation. ***
Paper 01
1 hr and 30 mins
! 45 multiple choice questions
! tests content from all three 27%
modules
! 15 questions per module
Paper 02
3 hours
! FOUR sections A - D
! FOUR compulsory essay questions
External Assessment
! Essays in Sections A and B are
from Modules 1 and 2
respectively. These are worth
20 marks each. 33%
! Essays in Section C and D are
from Modules 1 and 2
respectively and are worth
30 marks each.
! Module 3 is NOT tested.
! All FOUR essays MUST be done.

TIPS ON HOW TO BECOME A SUCCESSFUL CARIBBEAN STUDIES STUDENT.
! Get a copy of the Caribbean Studies syllabus online

! Make use of all the necessary resources at your disposal; that is, engage in wide, general reading, and use a
variety of sources, keeping yourself up to date on current affairs within the region; Thus improving your
general knowledge, vocabulary and structural competence. Additionally, it will help you to experience and
compare the reality of Caribbean nationals in territories outside of Jamaica.
*** Remember to put aside special time each day for general reading in addition to your study time ***
! Obtain the necessary study equipment, for example: paper, pens, pencils, and highlighters for marking
important parts of the text. Also, get yourself a good dictionary or thesaurus.
! Be enthusiastic - prepare for your classes, that is, read/watch videos before class so you can actively
participate in ALL class activities.
! Hold discussions with your peers, this will help you to better understand the topics covered.
! Do independent research and practice writing on issues outlined in the syllabus. You can have your teacher
and peers critique it.
Reference
3 CAPE Caribbean Studies Syllabus, published in Jamaica 2013.
3 http://www.cxc.org/subject/caribbean-studies-cape/
RECOMMENDED RESOURCES
1. CAPE Caribbean Studies for self-study and distance learning (distributed by Nelson-Thornes Ltd)
2. CAPE Caribbean Studies: An Interdisciplinary approach by Jennifer Mohamed - 2nd Ed ( distributed by Macmillan
Education)
3. CAPE Caribbean Studies by Ottley, Gentles and Dawson (distributed by Pearson Education Ltd)
4. CAPE Revision Guide Caribbean Studies by Thompson, Lawson-Downer, St John and Thomas-Hunte (Distributed
by HarperCollins Publishers Ltd)
5. Other texts and academic readers from disciplines such as history, sociology, geography, economics, development
studies, gender studies, cultural studies and anthropology.
6. CARICOM, IMF, WORLD BANK, WHO, UNESCO AND UNDP websites
7. Local and regional newspapers, magazines, blogs, radio and television programmes as well as YouTube videos
(access can be had online).
Debgeri Whitely is on the staff of St. Hugh’s High School

! Email: dwhitely@sthughshigh.org

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A UNITED FRONT &

SANDALS FOUNDATION PROVIDES SCHOLARSHIPS FOR KIDS

ENGLISH LANGUAGE MATHEMATICS SOCIAL STUDIES INFORMATION TECHNOLOGY

ENGLISH LITERATURE COMMUNICATION STUDIES CARIBBEAN STUDIES CAREER TALK

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Hello everyone and welcome to the lecture series in English

The third paper is either the SBA (paper 031) or a third

Sixty (60) items Four (4) sections

Twenty five items Section 1: Summary

So how do you prepare? You start by immersing yourself

WHY STUDY ENGLISH?

See you next week.

Shawnett Myers-Lawrence is on the staff of St. Hugh’s High School

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This is the introductory lesson for the CSEC Mathematics 4 5 6 –

! Number Theory and Computation

This section is almost a review of elementary arithmetic. ! Statistics

! Relations, Functions & Graphs THE EXAMINATION

! Your syllabus outlines the requirements for the

! Start your project now – if you haven’t yet done so.

! Ask your teacher if you can work in groups.

! This paper consists of 60 multiple choice questions.

Geometry and Trigonometry 21 Vectors and Matrices 4

Vectors and Matrices 12 Total 60

Let me add some other important points.

“Unless you try to do something

Charyl Gordon-Brown is on the staff of Mannings School

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CSEC SOCIAL STUDIES – OVERVIEW

The Social Studies course includes several subject areas ORGANISATION OF

SOME RELATED SYLABUS

# Teacher Sustainable Development

TABLE 2: ORGANISATION OF THE CSEC SOCIAL STUDIES ASSESSMENT

This paper is divided into TWO sections – A and B, covering

JOL SOCIAL STUDIES continues on next page

This paper (called the SBA) is a project and is compulsory

Students should bear in mind that the project must be

This paper is an alternative to the SBA and is for

JOL SOCIAL STUDIES continues on next page

KEY ASPECTS OF ACTIVITY

Social Studies contributes to the effective development of learners by placing

Have a wonderful week.

Charmaine Fuller-Wallace ! Email: charmief2@yahoo.com

LECTURE SERIES NOW

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Both syllabuses have since been combined and only the

RECOMMENDED HARDWARE AND SOFTWARE

JOL INFORMATION TECHNOLOGY continues on next page

2. Programming: Pascal EXAMINATION PREPARATION TIPS

Paper 3 (SBA) 4. Study! Don’t wait for the examination – studying is

Points We recommend that you do the SBA as

BASIC COMPUTER SYSTEM

The system you decide to use must have:

System Unit Monitor

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Computer Applications Programmer Software Engineer

Computer Operator Software Tester

Computer Technician Software Trainer

Customer Service Engineer System Administrator

Database Administrator Systems Analyst and Designer

Data Entry Operator/Clerk Systems Programmer

IT Manager Technical Documentation Specialist