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'MARS' made Charging & Discharging of capacitor has been designed to note the charge
& discharge time of capacitor for different sets of resistances & capacitors.
2. Two DPM's are provided on front panel to note down voltage & current during
charging & discharging.
3. Four sets of resistance & capacitor connected inside & connected brought out at
terminals provided on the front panel.
4. One charging and discharging switch is provided on front panel to charge &
discharge the capacitor respectively
THEORY
A capacitor is also called a condenser. It is a device which is designed for the storage of
charge. It consists of two metallic plates separated by an insulating material called the
dielectric. It has been observed experimentally that the quantity of charge stored in a
capacitor is directly proportional to the potential difference applied across it plates i.e.
Where Q is the charge stored on the plates of a capacitor and v is the potential difference
applied.
Or =
Where C is the constant of proportionately and is called the capacity or capacitance of the
condenser.
Therefor
= ⁄
A capacitor does not allow the passage of direct current through it. If a DC source of e.m.f
is applied across its plates, it takes up a small charge and a displacement current is set up
in the dielectric between the plates. The plates acquire more and more charge from the
battery. Further addition of more charge from the battery on the plates is opposed because
a back e.m.f. is set up by the condenser during the process of charging. At the same time
charge given by battery simply keeps on getting stored on the plates of the capacitor but
does not flow through the dielectric. The current which flows through the dielectric of the
capacitor is only the displacement current. The flow of charge through the capacitor with a
resistance in its series constitutes a varying current. The charging of capacitor is given by
the equation
⁄
= 1− (i)
⁄
= (ii)
TIME CONSTANT:-
This shows that RC is the time during which the charge on the condenser drops to 1/e of
the initial charge.
V = Q/C
= (1 − )
Or = 1− (iii)
= . (iv)
Current through a condenser during charging is given by the relation
= (v)
=− (vi)
It is clear from the equations (v) & (vi) that the current in the two cases is in the opposite
directions. the maximum current during the charging and discharging process is given by
Where is the potential difference across the capacitor when it is fully charged.
Table 1
PROCEDURE
EXPERIMENT # 2
Table 2