Micro Perspective in Tourism and Hospitality Industry

Chapter 1

The Tourism Industry

Tourism is a dynamic, evolving, consumer-driven force and

is the world largest industry, or collection of industry, when all the
interrelated components are placed under one umbrella; tourism,
travel, lodging, convention, expositions, meetings, and events,
restaurant and managed service, assembly, destination and event
management, recreation and attractions,. Tourism plays a
foundational role in framing the various services that hospitality
companies performed. The chain value and relationship among its
sectors that contribute to the economy , the tourism sector also
provide linkages to other sectors as well. The value chain provides a
typical flow of tourism business. The leading international
organization in the field of travel and tourism is the UNWTO, is vested
by the United Nations with a central and decisive role of promoting
the development of , sustainable, and universally accessible tourism,
with the aim of contributing to economic development, international
understanding, peace, prosperity and universal respect for the
observance of human rights and fundamental freedoms

a. The transportation sector provides the tourists’ transport to

their destination. This comprises airlines, surface
transportation such as railways, motor coaches and sea
vessel. The advent of faster means of transportation, tourists
can now benefit for longer vacations.
b. The accommodation sector, a tourism attraction on its own,
is in charge of the tourist.
c. Food and beverage establishments offer thematic as well as
local and international gastronomy that entices tourist to try
their cuisines.
d. The cruise ship industry flourished again with the
introduction of leisure travel. Cruise ships repositioned
themselves by offering leisure activities to their passengers.
e. The casino or gaming industry is one of the most significant
developments in the hospitality industry during the past
three decades has been the astounding growth of the casino
industry and its convergence with the lodging and hospitality
industry.
f. MICE or meetings, incentives, convention, and exhibition
refer to a particular tourism in which large group of tourists
travel to a certain destination for a particular purpose,
usually, business oriented.
g. Adventure tourism and recreation is growing fast. Changing
trends in travel and tourism, where clients request active,
recreational experiences or travel adventure where they can
learn about nature or culture are driving the growth.
h. Tourism attractions are the main motivators of travel,
without it, the rest of the tourism value chain such as
airports, lodging, and other services will be rendered less.
i. The travel trade sector supports the bookings and sales in
the other sectors .The people that that work in the travel
trade make reservation for accommodations, tours,
transportation, food and beverages and/or attractions.
 j. The tourism services is made up of organizations,
associations, government agencies and companies that
specialize In serving the needs of the tourism industry as a
whole rather than the needs of the travelers specifically.

Chapter 1

The Transportation Industry - the industry that moves not just people
but also thing and it is considered as a basic travel component. The
transportation industry is comprised of the different modes of
transportation; air, land, and sea

Air Transportation Industry – this segment includes Airline of all sizes

and the industries that support them such as.

 Airline Catering Service – companies that provide in-flight

meals.
 LSG Sky Chefs – the world’s largest airline catering
company
 SkyKitchen – largest airline catering in the Philippines along
with Miascor and MicroAsia

 Federal Aviation Administration – in-charge of traffic control

operation, license of pilots and inspecting aircraft.
 Airport
 Top 15 Airport in the World
 Singapore Changi
 Munich Airport
 Hongkong International Airport
 Copenhagen Airport
 Helsinki Airport
 Cincinnati Northern Kentucky
 Barcelona Airport
 Madrid Airport
 Auckland Airport
 Frankfurt Airport

Worst-Rated Airport in the World

 Kuwait Airport
 London Gatwick
 Manchester
 Newark Liberty
 London Stansted
 Edinburgh Mumbai
 Dubai
 Bangkok
 New Delhi

Biggest Airport in the World

 Suvarmabhumi or Bangkok Airport

 Paris Charles de GAULE Airport
 Salt Lake City International Airport
 Chicago O Hara International Airport
  Adolfo Suarez Madrid Barajas Airport
 Leonardo Da Vinci International Airport
 Dubai International Airport
 Schipol Airport

Aircraft Division

Airplane – a fixed- wing aircraft

 Aircraft powered by jet engine – bigger in size, can fly faster and
long distance.
 Aircraft Driven by propeller – smaller, slower and travel short
distance.

Types of Jet

 Narrow Body – have one aisle and can carry fewer than 200
passengers.
 Boeing Super 80
 Boeing 777
 Boeing 727
 Boeing 737
 Boeing 757
 Mc Donnel Douglas DC 9
 Mc Donnel Douglas MD 80
 Airbus A318
 Airbus A319
 Airbus A320
 1. Wide Body - its greater in size and has two aisles with a possible
configuration of AB-CDEF-GH, 2 seats, an aisle, 4 seats, another
aisle, and 2 seats
 Boeing 747
 Boeing 767
 Boeing 777
 Airbus A300
 Airbus A330
 Airbus A340
 Airbus A380 – the largest airline in the world.
 Mc Donnel - Douglas DC – 10

Configuration – refers to the way seating is arranged within the

aircraft. Three is the most preferred seating configuration.

Airline Categories

1. Major Airline – huge airline companies that provide considerable

service to their national border as well as other countries.

Top 10 Major Airlines as of 2018

 Singapore Airlines
 Qatar Airways
 ANA All Nippon Airways
 Emirates
 Eva Air
 Cathay Pacific
 Lufthansa
  Hainan Airlines
 Garuda
 Thai Airways

The World’s Best Low-Cost Airlines

 Air Asia - Malaysia

 Norwegian - Norway
 Easyjet - UK
 Jetstar Airways - Australia
 AirAsia X - Malaysia
 WestJet - Canada
 Indigo - India
 Southwest Airlines - USA
 Eurowings - Germany
 Scoot _ Singapore

2. Secondary Airlines – not as huge as Major Airline, but do offer

considerable service within the country.
3. Low Fare Airline - airlines that offer lower fare much lower than
the Major Airlines.
4. Regional Airlines – also called Commuter Airlines. They serve a
limited section of the country and affiliated with a Major Airline
and they use smaller plane for their service.

Airline Classes of Service – most aircraft have two classes of service

but on longer flight like international flight they have three classes

1. First class – is in the compartment at the front of the plane. It

usually features wider seat, greater pitch, more recline, more
 elaborate meals, complimentary alcoholic beverages, and free
movies. Pitch 50 and recline is 60 % or more
2. Coach class – ( sometimes called economy class ) with standard
level of service. It features narrower seats, less pitch and recline,
simple meals or sometimes no meals at all.
3. Business class – sandwiched between the first class and the
coach class and it represent a class of service that is almost as
good as found in the first class. Pitch may be 35 inches and
recline may be from 40 to 60 %

Top 10 World’s Best Airline For In-flight Meals

 Emirates
 Swiss International Airlines
 Air New Zealand
 Etihad Airways
 Cathay Pacific
 Air France
 Turkish Airways
 Qatar Airways

Airlines with The Best First Class Meal Meal

 Qantas
 British Airways
 Air France
 Cathay Pacific
 Swiss Airways
 Emirates
 Singapore Airlines
  Etihad Airways

Airline with The Best Economy Meal

 Eva Air
 Lufthansa
 Cathay Pacific
 Austrian Airways

Pitch, Width, and Recline

 Pitch – the distance between airline seat rows. I t is sometimes

called legroom. Majority of the airline provide the smallest
amount of pitch possible without causing too great a degree of
discomfort for an average size person. The reason; Reduced
pitch permits more rows on the aircraft which yield more
revenue A few airline offer more generous pitch ( 33 or 34
inches instead of the average 31 to 32 ), as a way to set
themselves apart from other carrier and to attract those for
whom roominess is a high priority. The theory; a higher load
factor ( the % of seats filled with people ) will offset the lost
revenue from those extra rows ( it’s not common for an airline
to create and promote greater legroom, then quietly return to
the tighter pitch.
 Seat Width – also affects comforts. The average seat on an
aircraft is mere 17 to 18 inches wide, with some as narrow as
16.5
 Recline – some airline set seat to recline only about 10%,
others by as much as 45% or more, or even full recline,
creating a bed like situation and it is dependent on what class
you are in
Types of Flight.

 Nonstop Flight – is one which traveler goes from Point A and

Point B on the same aircraft with no stop in between.
 Direct Flight – is one which travelers goes from Point A to
Point B on the same aircraft but that aircraft stops at an
airport in between.
 Connecting Flight – is one which the traveler to get to his/her
destination must change plane once, twice or even more
times.
 Round-Trip Flight – the traveler flies from Point A to Point B,
stay a while, and then from B to A again.
 Open-Jaw Flight – is one where traveler flies from Point A to
Point B, then travel by ground transportation from B to C,
then return by air from Point C to Point A.
 Circle Flight – is one where the traveler has two or more
extended stopovers and returns to the originating city.

Air Service Agreement – a bilateral trade agreement that a country

negotiate with other trading countries. These bilateral agreement are
discussed on a one-0n – one arrangement with the proposed trading
countries. These agreement spells out the interest of each country to
operate flight in and out of the country. These ASAs embody the so
called air freedoms. There are now 8 air freedoms but only six are
most common use. The six freedom embody the very basic revenue
sources of the airline companies around the world. Hence, do not be
surprised that a country in Asia may have the same ASAs with
countries in other part of the world.
 The Freedom of Air
1. The right to fly across another country’s without landing
Example; PAL flies from Manila over Malaysia to Thailand
2. The right to make a stop in another country to refuel or make repair
Example; PAL from Manila to Thailand but land in Malaysia to refuel
3. The right to fly from home country to a foreign point with passengers and cargo
Example: PAL flies passengers from Manila to Thailand
4. The right to fly back from other country to home country with passengers and cargo
Example : PAL flies passenger from Thailand to the Philippines
5. The right to pick up passengers and cargoes at a point not in the airlines home country
and take them to a destination that is not also in the airline’s home country.
Example : P AL picks up passengers in London and drops them off in Abu Dhabi
6. The right of an airline to fly passengers from one country to another country via its home
country.
Example : PAL flies passengers from London to Abu Dhabi while stopping in the Philippines
7. The right to carry passengers from one state to a third state without going through its
home country.
Example : PAL flies from London to Abu Dhabi without stopping in the Philippines
8. The right to operate domestic services in a foreign country with continuing services to or
from one’s own country ( also known as cabotage )
Example : Example : PAL flies between Honolulu and Los Angeles
9. The right for a carrier to operate within a foreign country without continuing service to or
from one’s own country ( sometimes known as the stand alone cabotage )
Example : KLM flies between Bern and Zurich

Specialty Air Transportation

 Ballooning – an aircraft consisting of a very large bag filled with

heated air or other gas. The use of hot air balloon can be traced
back to the 18th century when the brothers Joseph and Etienne
Montgolfier concluded that hot air was lighter than air at normal
temperature after watching smoke rise up in the air from fire. A
small paper bag filled with hot air and smoke rising to the ceiling
inspired the invention of hot air balloon. Based on their finding,
the Montgolfier brothers constructed a balloon of linen-lined
paper with a circumference of of 100 feet and released it on
June 5, 1783. The balloon covered a distance of two miles, rising
up to 60,000, and remained in the air for eight minutes.
Thousands of spectators filled the ground in Annonay, France to
see the first air travelers, a sheep, a rooster, and a duck, which
return safely.
Classification of Hot Air Balloon
 Gas Balloon – inflated with gas less dense than air or
lighter than air
 Hot – air Balloon ( Montgolfiere ) – uses heat to create a
temperature differential between the atmospheric gas
inside the balloon and the air outside
 Roziere Balloon – a double balloon system containing
one gas balloon and one Montgolfiere
 Solar Balloon - gain buoyancy by heating the air inside
by the sun’s radiation, usually with the help of black or
dark balloon fabric
 Moored Balloon - often shape like an air ship usually
filled with helium
 Super - Pressure Balloon - made of non – extensible
fabric designed to float stably with an internal pressure
greater than that of ambient atmosphere
 Cluster Balloon - a harness attaches a balloonist to a
cluster of helium-inflated rubber balloon-multiple, small
readily available and individually sealed balloon
 Jettisoning or deflating balloon allows the balloonist to
control flight, arrest a climb or initiate a descent
 Airship – hot air balloon led to the development of airship in
1870. The German Engineer Paul Haenlein constructed the first
airship with an external combustion engine in 1872. Air
navigation started to become very popular and numerous
construction of airship with different steering mechanism
followed, peeking in summer of 1900 when German Ferdinand
von Zeppelin flew his airship at approximately 20 miles an hour.
His flying machine simply called Zeppelin, turned into a means of
transportation as well as an instrument of warfare during the
WW1 by the German. In 1919, the British succeeded in crossing
the Atlantic from London to New York and back with their
Airship P-34. Later in 1920s and 1930s , airship were refurbished
in order to improve passengers transportation: sleeper-cabs,
lavatories, kitchens, dining rooms and other facilities were built
to accommodate up to 50 passengers. There are three types of
airships;
Types of Airship
 Non-Rigid Airship (blimps) - without an internal
supporting framework or a keel
 Rigid Airship- the envelope retains its shape by the use
of an internal structural framework
 Semi-Rigid Airship - with a partial framework often
consists of a rigid or occasionally a flexible keel frame
along the long axis under the aerodynamic full envelope
 Helicopter – a kind of rotorcraft that derives its lift and thrust
from rotors. Leonardo da Vinci designed a machine on a paper
with a rotor or aerial screw in 1480s. however it was until the
20th century that the actual development of helicopters finally
 succeeded. Airworthiness and controllability were paramount
for the invention of aircraft in the 1940s
Types of Helicopter;
 Single-rotor Helicopter
 Helicopter with coaxial rotors; two main rotor counter
rotating, one upon the other
 Helicopter with a tandem rotor; two tandem main
motors counter – rotating
There is a wide range of helicopters use in the tourism
industry, including taxi services as a part of a special event
such as weddings, or even for flight experiences in which the
tourist can take over supervises control of the helicopter.
However, helicopter sight-seeing flight are by far the most
popular form of tourist attractions regarding helicopters.
Another aspect for which helicopter are used in tourism is for
rescuing tourist in emergency situations, particularly in the
mountain. Recently , a new and popular tourism product is
heli-skiing, which involves taking tourists to a ski site by
helicopter in order to reach trails which are not otherwise
accessible.
 Gliding – when it comes to aerial adventures, , gliding is
probably the most exciting, and includes sailplanes, motor
glider, seaplanes, microlights, paragliders, hang-gliders and
gymplanes. Pilots must have a license for the operation of these
aircrafts and in most cases for the landing either on airfields or
water bodies is required. The sport of gliding is generally
considered as a recreational activity and is not viewed as a form
of passenger transportation. Tourism industry provides gliding
 activities either through providers based at the handling places,
through tour operators or intermediaries. As gliding is rather a
recreational activity, there is no data available on its demand in
the tourism industry.
Types of Gliding Vehicles
 Sailplane - aeroplane with a very long wings and no engine
and it covers long distances due to its long wingspan and
slick design
 Motor Glider- fixed-wing aerodyneequipped with a means
of propulsion and capable of sustained scaring flight
without thrust from the means of propulsion
 Seaplane - powered fixed-winged aircraftcapable of taking
off and landing in water
 Microlight - aeroplane having no more than two seats with
maximum weight for a two seat landplane 450 kg and
aspeed limit of 35 knots ( 65 km/hour )
 Paraglider - lightweight, free-flying floor launched glider
aircraft with no rigid primary and consist of a large parafoil
 Hang – glider - lightweight and non-motorized foot-launch
aircraft withdelta-wing design with an actual suspended
across a rigid tubing system
 Gymplane - aircraft with a freely turning rotary wing or
rotor blades andderives its thrust from an engine-driven
propeller.

Job Position in Airline industry

 Flight Attendants
 Airline Administrative Support
  Data entry workers
 Secretaries
 Communication and Pr Specialist
 Airline Operation Agents
 Avionic Technician – those who work in the electronic system of
aircraft
 Regional Sales Manager – oversees district reservation and
ticket slaes office
 Flight Dispatcher – responsible for ensuring the safety of an
aircraft’s flight
 Ground Attendant/Station Attendant – assist passengers in the
terminal
 Aviation Meterologist – provide weather information to airline
flight dispatchers and pilots
 Passenger Service Agent – their jobs includes issuibng refunds to
passenger, computing fares , collecting charges for excessive
baggage, checking baggage, providing travel information, selling
tickets
 Ramp Planner - responsible for knowing the arrival and
departure time for each of the airline at the airport
 Reservation Sales agent – provides travel information over the
telephone to customers of the airline
 Sales Representative – help generate business to the airline by
promoting the airline
 Airline Station Agent – they work on the airline ticket counter or
baggage counter greeting customer, check in luggage, make seat
assignment and provide information on aircraft boarding
  Airline Flight Instructor - provides recurrent training for the
airline’s pilot

Supersonic Transport

 Tupolev Tu -144 – is a retired Soviet jetliner and commercial

supersonic transport aircraft. It is the first of only two SSTs to
enter commercial service which operated from 1977 to 1978. It
conducted 55 passenger service flights , at an average service
altitude of 52,000 feet and cruised at a speed of around 2,000
kilometers or 1200 mph. It came into commercial service
November 1977 up to 1978. It has a passenger capacity of 140
passengers
 Concord – a turbo jet and considered as supersonic aircraft, a
product of both work of art and mechanical engineering cruising
more than twice the speed of sound at around 1,350 mph and at
an altitude of 60,000 feet high. It started its operation in 1976
until 2003. Twenty aircrafts were built, 6 for development and
14 for commercial service. On July 25m 200 while enroute to
Paris from New York suffered engine failure shortly after take-
off when a titinuim debris from a burst tire cause a fuel tank to
rupture and burst into flames. The aircraft crushed into a small
hotel and restaurant killing 109 passenger 100 of them are
passengers.the cost is $33 million or 1.51 million sterling
pound.Concorde flies from London’s Heatthrow Airport and
Charles de Gaulle Airpot to John F kennedy Airpot in New York,
Washington’s Dulles Airport in Virgiina and Grandfrey Adams
 International Airport in Barbados. It also flies from London to
Bahrain and from Paris to Rio de Janeiro. The rprice of the ticket
fare 4,350 sterling pound and 8, 292 for a round trip ticket

Rail Travel

Train – a connected series for are hauled by another vehicle

interconnected one or more passenger cars coupled together and
propelled by a self-contained motor equipment. Train move under
their own powers vehicles that moves along track to transport freight
and passengers from one place to another.

Types of Train

 High-Speed-Train – (Bullet Train). Trains that travel at a very high

speed
1. Shanghai Maglev, 267.8 mph or 431 kph , China – Shanghai
Maglev is the fastest train in the world with a maximum
speed of 431 km per hour. This service is operated by
Shanghai Maglev Transportation Development Co. Shanghai.
The Shanghai’s 30.5 km long Maglev line is the only
commercially operated Maglev in the world.
2. Fuxing Hao 400AF/BF 380A, 249 mph. The name “ Fusing Hao
“ translate to mean “ Rejuvenation “ and each of the two
trains have been branded with nicknames; CR400 AF is “
Dolphin Blue “ and the CR400BF is “ Golden Phoenix “. The CR
stands for China Railway. Both train carries 556 passenger
each between Bejing and Shanghai. Rejuvenation also beat
 China’s second fastest train the Harmony CRH 380A is the
second fastest operating train service in the world.
3. Shinkansen H5 and E5 – 224 mph, this new series of
Shinkansen runs the Tohoku and Hokkaido services
4. Italo and Frecciarossa 220 mph, Italy’s dueling train
operators, NTV and Trenitalia, each flaunt a high speed train
that tie as Europe’s fastest, capable of shuttling passnengers
form Milan to Florence or Rome with new route to Perugia
5. Renfe AVE – 217 mph. Spain’s fastest train is the Velaro E by
Siemen and it is used for long-distance services to major
Spanish cities and beyond.
6. Harmain Western Railway – 217 mph. the Mecca-Medina
high-speed link stretches the 281 miles between Saudi
Arabia’s most holy cities and has been in operation since
December 2017 and set for completion in summer 2018.
Traveling the length of the route takes two and a half hours
compared to five hours by car
7. DeutscheBahn ICE - 205 mph. the distinctively futuristic white
of the Inter-City Express or ICE, combined with its sharp red
cheatline, makes an impressive sight speeding through scenic
Germanic countryside, , especially, on its newest route
connecting Berlin and Munich. Similar to Spain’s Renfe AVE
train. Germany’s fastest train, is another Siemen design, the
Velaro
8. Korail KTX – 250 mph, South Korea’s high speed rail network
is far from the newest ( KTX debuted in 2004), but it does it
does hold its rank among the fastest. The latest route, opened
just in time for the Winter Olympics, connects Incheon
 International Airport in the west to the coastal zone town of
Gangneung in the east, stopping in Seoul along the way
9. Eurostar e320 and TGV – km/hr or 200 mph. The e320 series is
both the TGV and Eurostar e320 trains are tied for next on the
list, but the latter underwent a redesign in 2015. Named for
its top speed 320 km /hr or 200 mph, the e320 series is the
first tip to tail redeisign of a Eurostar train in the company’s
22 year history
10. Thalys – 186 mph, Thalys is one of Europe’s most important
train line for both leisure and business travelers connecting
Amsterdam , Brusselss, Paris and Cologne
 Rapid Transit – an urban electric transport system characterized
by high speed, capacity or frequency, which is totally
independent from traffic running along an uninmpeded right of
way.
Example – Subway
 Light Rail – an urban transportation system that uses electrically
powered lightweight car, operating singly or in short trains on a
fixed-duo guideway, but in comparison to rapid transit. It is
designed at a lower speeds and designed for lower traffic
 Specialty Train
 Monorail – is a electric railway of guided transit operating
singly or in a multi-car train. guided transit.
 Cabled propelled – there are several types of cable
propelled form of transit such as
 Aerial Tramway
 Gondola
 Cable Car
 There are two basic distinction, those that operate in air or
those that run underground
 Aerial Tramway – a passenger transportation mode consisting of
cabins suspended on a stationary cable and towed by a moving,
usually a close loop cable, used to overcome steep gradients,
deep valleys or body of water
 Funicular or Inclined Olane – a passenger transportation mode
consisting of a pair of rail vehicle permanently attached to two
ends at the same cable, counter balancing each other
 Gondola – operate in air, that is both the propulsion and support
come from steel cables and a popular form of transport in ski
resort
 Cable car – a form of transport that are powered using a cable
mechanism
 Light Rail – is mainly an electric forms of transportation, but in
comparison to rapid transit, it travels a lower speed and
designed for lower traffic
 Luxury Trains – an attraction themselves and usually offers super
deluxe experience
 Orient Express – a long distance passenger train service
created in 1883 by Campagne International des Wagons
Lts. The name Orient Express became synonymous with
intrigue and luxury travel. It is called Orient Express
because it became known as “ Train of King “ or “ King of
Trains “ The two cities most prominently associated with
Orient Express are Paris and Constantinople, the original
endpoints of the timetabled service. The route of Orient
Express with four trains operated daily with a travel time
of approximately 60 hours were
Paris – Strasbourg
Strasbourg – Vienna
Vienna – Belgrade
Belgarde – Istanbul,
Other routes from Paris to Istabul exist even today such as
Paris – Munich – Budapest – Bucharest – Istanbul
Paris – Zurich – Belgrade – Istanbul
The glamour and rich history of the Orient Express has
frequently lent itself to the plot of books and film and the
subject of television documentaries. Films such as
Orient Express in 1934, 1944, 1954
Sleeping car to Trieste in 1948
From Russia with Love 1963, a James Bond movies
where James Bond fight with a rival spy was set
aboard the train
Istanbul Express in 1968
Travel with My Auntie in 1972
Murder on the Orient Express 1985
Romance on the Orient Express with Cheryl Ladd
102 Dalmatian
Death, Deceit and Destiny Aboard the Orient Express
Around the World in 80 Days
Orient Express in 2004
In 1977, Orient Express stopped serving Istanbul and on
December 14, 2009, the Orient Express ceased to operate
 and the route disappeared in European railway timetable,
reportedly, a victim of high speed train and low cost airline.
The luxurious dining car used in movies and fil is now at the
OSE Museum in Thessalonica
 Blue Train – it is one of the most luxurious train journey in
the world. It boast of a butler service, two lounge cars (
smoking and non-smoking), an observation car, and
carriages with gold-tinted windows, fully carpeted
compartment, each featuring its own en-suite which is
equipped with full-sized bathtub. The Blue Train has 1600
kilometers of journey
Blue Train route;
Pretoria- Capetown
The scenic “ Garden Route “ from Capetown to Port
Elizabeth
To Hoedspruit, along thru western edge of Kruger
Park
To Zimbabwe’s Victoria Falls
 Palace on Wheels – a luxury train launched by the Indian
Railways in association with Rajasthan Tourism
Development Corporation. The concept of Palace on
Wheels was derived from the royal background of the
coaches which were originally meant to be the personal
railway coaches of the erstwhile ruler of the princely states
of Rajputana, Gujarat, the Nizam of Hyderabad and the
Viceroy of the British India. The train coaches has four
cabins with luxury amenities and Wifi, has two restaurants,
one bar cum lounge and fourteen saloons and spa.
 Route of Palace on Wheels - the train has a 7 nights and 8
days itinerary;
Day 1 – New Delhi and Jaipur
Day 2 – Sawai Madhopur and Chittaurgarh
Day 3 – Udaipur
Day 4 – Jaisalmer
Day 5 – Jodhpur
Day 6 – Bharatpur and Agra
Day 7 – Return to New Delhi

Train Travel in the Philippines

In the Philippines, the rail transport is used mostly to

transport passenger within MetroManila and the nearby
province of Laguna. Currently the country has the railway
footprint of 77 km or 48 miles through LRT Line 1, LRT LINE 2,
and MRT Line 3 and the Philippine National Railways ( PNR )
Metro Commuter Line. The government is planning to expand
its current footprint to more than 320 kilometers
The Philippine railway network is consist of the following
 Commuter Rail Service ( 1 ) PNR
 Mass Rapid Transit ( 3 )
 Light Rail Transit Authority
 Metro Rail Transport Corporation
 The Philippine National Railway – is a state-owned railway
system organized under the Department of Transportation as an
attached agency during the Spanish era in November 24, 1892
and later became the Manila Railroad Company and during the
 American regime it became the Philippine National Railway on
June 20 1964 by the virtue of Republic Act 4146
PNR used to operate over 1100 km or 684 miles of route from La
Union to the Bicol Region. However, neglect reduced PNR
service. Tutuban Station or the Manila Railway Station is the
main station of PNR
 In 1990, persistent problem with informal settlers
contributed further to the decline
 In 2006, Typhoons Milenyo and Reming caused severe
damaged to the network causing the suspension of the
Manila-Bicol service
 In 2007, the government initiated a rehabilitation project
aiming to remove informal settlers form PNR right of way,
revitalized commuter services to MetroManila and restore
the Manila-Bicol route as well as lost services in Northern
Luzon
 In 2009, PNR unveiled a new corporate identity and
inaugurated new rolling new stock
 In 2011, PNR was resumed again
 In 2012, PNR was suspended again
 North Line ( Tutuban – Malolos – Clark ) – an elevated dual truck
system converting the rail gauge from narrow gauge to
standard gauge and linking Manila to Malolos and further on to
Angeles City, Clark Special Economic Zone and Clark
International Airport. The project is estimated to cost around $
500 million with China offering to provide $400 million in
concessionary financing
 The Philippine’s mass transit were created through Executive
Order No. 603 , as amended by E.O. No. 830 dated September
1982, and E.O. No.210 dated July 7, 1987. The creation of the
Light Rail Transit Authority (LRTA) aimed to create a fast and
efficient mass transit fir the growing population of the
metropolis.
Today, the train lines in the Philippines have adopted new
names. Below are the new names of the train.

 LRT Line 1 System – Green Line or formerly known as Yellow

Line,travel north to south route, from Roosevelt, Quezon City to
Baclaran, Pasay City of mostly elevated route, with a span of
33.4 kilometers and serves 500,000 passengers daily. It was built
in 1984 during the term of President Marcos. It has 18 stations
and run at a speed of 80 kilometers per hour. There are four
types of rolling stock on the system. The LRT 1 rail railways car
were made from
 Belguim - La Bruggeoise et Nivelle and Adtranz
 Japan – Kinski Sharyo
LRT 1 used two-cars, three-cars and four-cars train. The line is
considered to be the first LRT system in Southeast Asia.
 LRT Line 2 System – dubbed as the Purple Line and traverses five
cities and stretches 13.8 km from Santolan to Recto, transport
2000 passengers daily This train system is the latest of its kind in
the world as it is fully automatic. LRT 2 runs a heavy rail metro
cars made in South Korea by Hyundai Rotem. LRT 2 is a heavy
rail rapid system owing to its use of electric multiple units
instead of a light rail vehicles
  MRT Line 3 System – Blue Line, is a rapid transit which runs in
an orbital north to south route following the alignment of EDZA.
It services various people, majority of whom are employees in
the business district of NCR. The whole stretch of the railways is
around 16.8 km.A critical linkage was accomplished with the
existing Yellow Line at the EDSA – Taft Avenue intersection,
resulting in an increased number of passengers for both the
urban mass transportation lines. The Blue Line has a fleet of 73
Czech – made modern and air-conditioned rail cars. Daily
operations consist of up to 60 three-car trains. It has 13 stations
and transport 450,000 passengers daily .
 MRT 7 – is an under construction rapid system which will run
from North Avenue, EDZA to San Jose Del Monte. MRT 7 will
traverse Quezon City and Caloocan is envisioned to spur
business and commerce at its inter-modal terminal in San Jose
Del Monte, Bulacan has a span of 22.8 kilometers

Road Travel

Motor Coach –is a passenger road motor vehicle intended for longer
journey, constructed exclusively for carriage of seated passengers,
characterized by separate luggage compartments, extended legroom ,
comfort and on board amenities. It is also defined as passenger road
motor or omnibus vehicle designed to seat 24 or more passengers.

 Types of Motorcoach
 Regular Service – regular route service that operates at a
specified time along fixed routes, with predetermined
 boarding and alighting points, open to all, also known as
public transit or commuter service
a. Urban Transit System
b. Inter-Urban Transit System
c. Rural Bust Transportation
 Special Regular Service – operates on a defined route at a
defined time, but provide for the carriage of a certaingroup
of passengers to the exclusion of others( such as students,
workers or soldiers)
a. School and Employees Bus
b. Shuttle Bus Service
 Occasional Services – are service that do not meet the definition
of a regular or a special regular service bus. They provide the
carriage of a preformed group conference, sporting or cultural
events.( brought together on the initiative of the customer ot
the carrier itself). This type of service includes package retail
tour, sightseeing service and services organized for special
events such as

Minibus or Minicoach – a passenger road motor designed to carry 10

to 23 passengers

Jeepney – and artare buses and the most popular means of public
trnaportation in the Philippines. They are known for their crowded
vis-à-vis seating and kitsch decoration which have became a
widespread symbol of Philippine culture. It was originally made from
US military jeeps left over from WW2. The word jeepney is likely a
portmanteau word – a combination of jeep and jitney, both words
common slanf in the popular vernacular of the era “ jitney “ being a
popular term for an American taxicab and a “ jeep “ a newly coined
term to describe a type of military vehicle

Key Players in the Motorcoach Industry

 Greyhound – the largest provider of intercity bus transportation

in the world serving more than 2,300 destination with 13,000
daily departure North America.
 Euroline – group together 32 independent coach companies is
Europe’s largest regular network.
 Philippine Motor Coach Company

Main Road in the Philippines -The principal roads in the Philippines to

which bus travel is bound are the following:

 Pan-Philippine Highway ( Maharlika Highway ) the major

highway connecting the country has two main arteries: West-
side with its northern terminus in Laoag City in Ilocos Norte and
its southern terminus in Zamboanga City in Zamboanga del Sur,
via Metro Manila. This side is also known as Asian Highway 26.
The East-side starts in Aparri, Cagayan and end in Davao City in
Mindanao, via Metro Manila.
 Manila North Road (MacArthur Highway): the major highway
running through the western part of Northern Luzon, running
from Monumento in Caloocan City to San Fernando City, La
Union.
  Epifanio de los Santos Avenue (EDSA) is a circumferential (ring)
highway running from SM Mall of Asia in Pasay City in the south
to Monumento, Caloocan City in the North.
 C-5 Road is another circumferential highway that provides a
faster alternative for motorist driving between Quezon City and
Makati City than EDSA. Currently, it is the longest
circumferential road in Metro Manila.
 Aguinaldo Highway is the main highway in Cavite that runs
between the Manila Coastal Road terminus in Bacoor, Cavite to
the north and Tagaytay City to the south.
 Governor’s Drive: the widest road in Cavite that runs from Biňan
City, Laguna to the east to Naic, Cavite to the West.
 Soriano Highway is a coastal road in Cavite from Kawit to Naic,
Cavite.
 Commonwealth Avenue is the Philippine’s widest road located
in Quezon City from Quezon Memorial Circle to Fairview.

Philippine Expressways

 North Luzon Expressway ( NLEX ): from Balintawak, Quezon

City in Metro Manila to Sta. Ines, Mabalacat, Pampanga and
has a span of 84 km.
 South Luzon Expressway ( SLEX ): from the City of Manila to
Santo Tomas in Batangas; it is now connected to the Southern
Tagalog Arterial Road ( STAR ). It measure 31.69 km
 Metro Manila Skyway is an elevated highway over SLEX that
runs from Makati City to Muntinlupa City and is planned to
extend northwards to connect with North Luzon Expressway,
with a span of 14.8 km.
  Mania– Cavite Expressway ( Manila Coastal Road ): a short
stretch of expressway from Paraňaque City in Metro Manila
to Bacoor, Cavite. It is planned to extend further to Naic
where it will run through A. Soriano Highway with a
measurement of 14 km.
 Subic – Clark – Tarlac Expressway ( SCTEX ) is currently the
longest expressway in the country connecting the former U.S
Military Bases – and now strategic economic hubs of Subic
Bay in Zambales and Clark in Pampanga, and it runs through
the Central Luzon province of Tarlac. It has a span of 93.77
km.
 Southern Tagalog Arterial Road ( STAR ) - a highway entirely
located within the province of Batangas from the town of
Santo Tomas to the Batangas International Port in Batangas
City and measures 42 km.
 Tarlac – Pangasinan – La Union Expressway ( TPLEX ) 88.85
 Subic Tipo Highway - 8.8 kms
 NLEX Mindanao Avenue – 2.7 kms

Top Ten Bus Companies in the Philippines

 Bachelor Express – 2500 units

 Rural Transit of Mindanao – 2400 units
 Vallacar Transit Incorporated – 900 units
 Five Star Bus - 900 units
 Victory Liner – 900 units
 Philtranco - 800 units
 JAC Liner – 600 units
 Baliwag Transit – 600 unit
  Ceres Transport – 350 unite
 Genesis – 300 units

Bus Companies in the Philippines

 AB Liner Inc – Manila – Batangas – Quezon

 Agila Bus Transport – Manila – Angat, Bulacan
 Alfonso Liner – Pasay – Tagaytay
 Alps Bus Line – Alfonso Perez and Sons- Cubao/Alabang/Buendia
– serving Batangas, parts of Bicol and now serving its former
route in Iloilo
 AAB Bus Lines – Buendia – Ternate/Naic, Cavite
 Amihan Bus Line – sister company of Philtranco, plies route to
Bicol and Visaya
 Antonina Line – plies to Legazpi, Daraga, Tabaco, Tiwi and Naga
City
 A. Arandia Line – plies to Legazpi, Nag and Tabaco
 Arayat Express – plying Olongapo City to Cabanatuan City
 Baliwag Transit – operating in Manila to Bulacan and Nueva Ecija
with Golden Bee Transport and Logistic Corporation as its
affiliated company
 Barney Auto Line Group of Companies ( BALGO) – Alabang –
Bondoc Peninsula
 Ballesteros Bus Line Corp – plies Manila to Cagayan and Aparri
 Bataan Transit – plies to Bataan
 Batangas Starexpress Corp – cubao to Batangas City
 Bicol Isarog Transport System Inc – is a conglomerate based in
Bicol Region and a sister company of Five Star Bus Company.
Bus companies under it are
 Isarog Line
 RSL Bus Transport
 Penafrancia ToursV.S. Pintados
 Our Lady of Salvation Bus Lines
 St Rafael Transport Lines
 St. Jude Transport Lines
 Cherry Bus – operates in Palawan
 Cagsawa Travel and Tour Corp – plies to Legazpi, Tabaco and
Daraga
 Candon Bus Lines – plies to Candon City via San Fernando, La
Union and Vigan City
 Cavite Batangas Transport – plies Lian, Batangas and Tagaytay
 Coda Lines Corporation – located in Cubao and plies to Bontoc,
Sagada and Banaue
 CUL Transport – plies from Cubao to Sorsogon and other parts of
Eastern Visayas
 Dalin Liner – Cagayan Vallkey to Manila and Baguio
 Dagupan Bus Co – plies Dagupan City, Alaminos, San Carlos,
Lingayen, Cabanatuan and Baguio
 Dangwa Tranco – serves as a link between Manila, Benguet and
Mountain Province
 Pine Tree Transit – plying Tabuk City- Baguio, Baguio-
Tuguegarao, Baguio-Roxas, Isabela
 DLTB – Delmonte Land Transport Bus Co, which operates from
Manila to Southern Luzon, Samar and Leyte
 Dimple Star Transport – plying Iloilo-
EEspana/Cubao/Pasay/Alabang
 Eaglestar Transit Corp – Manila to Samar and Leyte
 Elavil Tours Phil – plies some part of Bicol Region and Eastern
Visayas
 ES Transport – plying Cubao/Pasay to Cabanatuan and San
Miguel, Bulacan
 Farinas Transit – operates in Manila to Ilocos Region
 First North Luzon Transit – from Manila to to Central and
Northern Luzon
 Genesis Transport – plies from Manila to Northern Luzon
provinces with its subsidiaries
 Joy Bus
 North Genesis – plies Manila to Baler
 German Espiritu – plies Manila to Bulacan, Bulacan
 GV Florida Transport – noted for their Pink Flower Livery and the
first to introduce Sleeper Bus. Plies Manila to Ilocos and Cagayan
Valley
 Goldtrans Tours – Pasay to Oras, Eastern Samar
 HM Transport – bus company that serves NAIA
 Inocencio Aniceto Transport – the most dominant bus company
in the 70s and 80s and operates in Northern Luzaon
 JAC Liner – the largest bus company in term of fleet size and
plies Laguna and Lucena City. Under their company are their
affiliate bus company
 Fermina Express
 Dagupan Bus Co
 Lucena Lines
  Pangasinan Solid North Transit
 Laguna Express Corp,
 JAM Liner –
 First Charter
 Phil Tourister Inc,
 Metro Rapid Transport
 Kapalaran Bus Lines – from Lawton and LRT Buendia to Sta Cruz
LagunaTransport –
 Kersteen Transport - Lawton to Dasmarinas/Pala-Pala, Cavite
 Maria De Leon – operates out of Ilocos Norte and dubbed as”
The fastest woman on the road
 New RL Transport Corporation – Divisoria to San Antonio and
Gapan, Nueva Ecija
 Northern Luzon Bus Lines Inc – formerly Northern Luzon Bus
Company ( NELBUSCO ) – plies to Cagayan Valley and inter-
provincial provinces from Baguio to Santiago City
 N Dela Rosa Liner – plies Batangas, Lipa and Lucena City
 Ohayami Trans – bus terminal in Sampaloc, Manila with daily
trips from Manila to Baguio, Banaue and Solano
 Partas – the choice of many travelers going to Manila from the
Ilocos Province, Baguio, Abra and Mindoro
 Philippine Rabbit – once called “ The King of the Road “, plies the
route to Angeles, Pampanga, Baguio and Alamino, Pangasinan
 Philtranco – the oldest bus company in Asia which started in
1914. The former name is Albert Louis Ammen Transportation (
ALATCO) and Pantranco South Express
 Amihan Bus – its affiliate
 PP Bus Lines – the second bus company to enter Manila-Davao
City route next to Philtranco
 Leyte Biliran Bus Corp – sister company
 P & O Transport – plying Alabang to Quezon Province and has a
special trip from Araneta Center to Naga City
 Raymond Transportation – operates along Camarines , Albay,
Sorsogon and Masbate provinve
 MRR Transport – affiliate bus company which plies from
Naga to Camaraon and Infanta to Manila via Ungos Port in
Real, Quezon
 R.A. Rodriguez Lines – plis to Lawton to Cavite City
 RCJ Lines – an offshoot of the succesfgul RCJ Trucking which plies
the Laoag and Vigan route
 Rizal MetroLink Inc - plies from Tanay to Cainta Rizal via Shaw
Blvd and Quiapo, Manila
 RJ Express – plying Balagtas Bulacan and San Isidro, Nueva Ecija
from Monumento, Caloocan
 Roro Bus Transport – plies to Iloilo, Antique, Capiz and Aklan
 RRCG Transport – plying Batangas/Alabang/Buendia route. They
have also routes in Cainta and Taytay Rizal
 Santrans – operates in San Jose Del Monte Bulacan and parts of
Pangasinan
 San Agustin Transport Corp – operates along Southern Luzon.
Under its management are the following bus lines
 Saint Anthony De Oadua Transport
 J.S. Vergara Lines
 Batman Starexpress Corp
 Erjohn and Almark Transit Corp
  Richford Bus Lines
 Saulog Transit Inc – plies the route of Olongapo City, Cavite City
and Ternate
 St Lucia Express – plies the Candon route
 Sta Monica Transport Service Cooperative – plying from Angat
Bulacan to Divisporia
 Superlines – plies route from Bicol Region from Cubao
 Supreme – an inter-province bus company plying from Batangas
to Lucena
 TAWTRASCO – plies Legaspi to Tabaco
 Universal Guiding Star Bus Lines – a newly-formed provincial bus
company now plying Manila-Cagayan Valley
 Victory Liner – sister company of Five Star Bus, one of the
biggest bus company in the country in terms of fleet size which
have daily trip from MetroManila to Northern Luzaon with them
are subsidiary like
 Sta Lucia Express
 Road Master Transport
 EMC-LBS
 Viron Transit – operates in Ilocos Sur
 Weena Express – formerly MINITRANCO, operates in Mindanao
 Yanson Group of Bus Companies – a Bacolod-based company
and owner of the bus brands like
 Vallacar Transit
 Rural Transit of Mindanao
 Bachelor Express
 Ceres Transport
 Southern Bus Transit
  Mindanao Star Bus Transport
 Sugbo Transit
 Gold Star Bus Transit
 Yellow Bus Lines Inc – the oldest bus line in Mindanao and the
second largest in Mindanao

Car Rentals

Car Rentals - maybe chauffer – driven or self drives. Most travel

agencies are able to book a selection of vehicles types anywhere in
the world.

Forms of Passenger

 Car Sharing – a mode of transportation where vehicles are

owned by a separate firm or an organization a shared between a
number of different people at different times
 Car Pooling – an arrangement whereby several participants
travel together in one vehicle, sharing the cost and often taking
turn as the driver
 Car Leasing – is a method used to obtain the use of an
automobile without purchasing it. A financial institution
purchases the car but it is used to convey to the customer. In
return, the customer makes a monthly payment for a set period
 of years. At the end of the lease erm, the customer has the
following option
 To either return the car
 To continue the list
 To purchse the vehicle in return for residual value

Major Car Rental Companies who have office in major cities of the
world.

 Budget
 Avis
 Hertz

Top 9 Car Rental Companies in the Philippines

 Anis Transport
 Hertz Rent A-Car
 The Manila Drivers Guide
 Viajero Rent-A-Car
 Venue Manila Car Transport
 Abe Car Rental and Tourist Transport
 Avis Rental Car
 Jaka Car Rental
 National Car Rental

Specialty Ground Transportation – the automobile experience is not

only limited to passengers transportation and car rental. The
hospitality and tourism industry offers a variety of product

 Racing adventures – racing and Formula 1 lovers have the

opportunity to create their own experiences in different Grand
Prix circuits where the track is often for tourist drivers. The price
 varies according to the number of laps and the minimum age of
the driver is 21. Plenty of these tracks are in Europe and USA
such as;
 Nurburgring - Germany
 Hockenheimring - Germany
 Brand Hatch - UK
 Donington Park – UK
 Circuito de Jerez - Spain
 Valencia Street Circuit – Spain
 Indianapolis Motor Speedway
 World Class Driving – driving exotic cars, either on tracks or on
open roads in a guided tours is possible throughout the USA in
Florida, Nevada and New York. Exotic Cars such as
 Jaguars
 Lamborghini
 Ferraris
 GoCar – a new form of guided tours. In the USA. GoCar can be
used for sightseeing tours in San Francisco and San Diego, and
Europe ( Madrid, Barcelona, Lisbon ). The GoCar is a GPS-guide
story telling car that navigates and takes the driver to the best
sites in the city. An on-board computer and GPS replace the
traditional guidebook and allow the driver to enjoy the cities at
his or her own space.
 Off-Road Trekking – the tourism industry offers unconventional
products to discover places and make every experience unique.
Off road trekking ours with four wheelers and sport utility
vehicles are just another form of automobile experience set
apart from mass tourism trips
Animal Transportation

 Dog Sledding – might be one of the most sustainable form of

passenger transportation and a perfect alternative to ski
tourism. In theatric Region, sled dog are used to pull cargo and
people through the deep snow. However, dog sledding is not
only used for occupational activities but recreational activities.
The first sled dog race was held in1986 at the Winter Carnival in
the Minnesota state. The tourism industry adapted the idea of
dog sledding and tour operators now offer special winter
holiday trips making use of huskies as sled dog to discover the
unique landscape of Scandinavia, Alaska, and Canada. During
the 8-10 days long visits, the tour stays at different lodges and
everyday a distance of 40 to 60 km is covered by guided dog
sledding. Tourist nor only experience the white wilderness but
also get the chance to see how huskies live, play and train.
 Donkey Taxis – donkeys are draught animals from Egypt long
before it was brought to China, India, and Mongolia and
Northern Europe. It was untiel the 16th century that the Spanish
and Portuguese took the donkey to North America. Even since ,
donkeys have been used as draught animal in agriculture or for
accessing remote mountainous region. In the tourism sectors,
donkey trekking is becoming more and more popular, mainly for
country tourism.excursion through the countryside and woods
on the donkey’s back are offered. One may also go trekking on
foot with a donkey which carries the hiker’s food and goods.
Donkey trekking is a slow way of traveling, but it enables the
tourist to fully enjoy the bdeautifull views and panoramas of the
landscape. Very popular destination for donkey trekking are;
  Greece
 France
 Italy
 USA National Parks such as
a. Grand Canyon in Arizona
b. Yosemite National Park – California
 Horse Back – due to its burliness, horse is a more excellent
draught and pack animals than donkey and a very popular
passenger transportation in different way. Trail riding or horse
trekking is a major tourist recreational activity that takes place
in a wide spectrum of environmental situation and countries. In
Europe, guided and cross-country tour, a group of travelers
saunters on a horseback through nature to principally enjoy the
landscape to see its sights. Horseback riding is and often
combined with other activities such as camping, fishing and
ecotourism related activities. In Europe, trail riding is combined
with discovering castles in Italy beaches in Spain and extensive
hilly landscape of Ireland. Another way, of discovering landscape
by horse and which mainly relates to agri-tourism is staying at
dude ranch. Horses are not only a popular transportation in the
countryside, but also in urban areas in the forms of carriage
rides, a four wheeled horses drawn passenger vehicles
 Cycles – cycle tourism is considered to be for the purpose of
holiday, recreation, pleasure or sport, and to include overnight
stays, or day trips to other tourism region during which the
visitors engages in cycling activities or as spectators at a cycling
events. In recent years, cycles has become more important as a
means of transportation destination and have started to
 promote their mountain bike region and the construction of
cycles routes is still increasing due to the reason that bike is
recognized more as a vehicle which is god for the health
 Segway – is a two-wheeled , self-balancing battery powered
personal transportation device with two wheels that can go at a
speed of 20 km/hour by Segway Inc,.. a user controls segway by
shifting his/her body weight forward and backward on the
platform. In tourism, segways have became popular for guided
tours in big cities throughout Europe and North America, and it
also qualified for tours through the mountain, it is used as a
means of transportation at trade fairs,theme parks, and golf
courses
 Recreational Vehicles – is a motorized or towable vehicles that
combines transportation and temporary living quarters for
travel, recreation, and camping. It can be distinguished between
 Towable RVs - designed to be towed by family car, van or
pick-up truck and are called caravan
 Motorized RVs – self-propelled and its living quarters are
accessible from the driver’s area in one convenient unit
and often are longer and more comfortable than towable
RVs
Types of RVs
 Motor Home – motor vehicle built on a truck or bus chasis
with self-contained quarters divided from the cab
 Campervan – van equipped as a self-contained traveling
home and smaller than motor home
 Caravan – mobile home or trailer towed behind a road
vehicle and equipped with house accessories
 Rickshaws – invented in Asia in the 19th century and are getting
more popular as a mode of transportation in major cities , most
of all in Europe
Types of Rickshaws
 Runner-pulled Rickshaw – a two-wheeled cart pulled by
human runner which seats one or two persons. Due to the
required physical load of the workers to move the cart it
was replaced by cycle and motorized rickshaws
 Cycle Rickshaw – also known as bike taxi, velotaxi, pedicab,
cyclo or trishaw, are propelled by mucle power, though
very often there is an electric assist that allows a minimum
speed of 14km/hour
 Auto Rickshaw – also called three-wheeler , tricycle, motor
taxi or baby taxi, is equipped with electronic motor and can
ran at a speed of 20 km/hour
Tuktok – an auto rickshaw is widely used transport in
Thailand. The name is onamtopoeic mimicking the
sound of a small ( often two cycle) engine
a. Egypt – toktok
b. Madagascar – posy meaning pousse-pousse or
push-push
c. Sudan – raksha
d. Indonesia – bajay
e. Philippines – tricycle
f. India - Samosa
g. El Salvador – moto
h. Guatemala – tuk - tuks
Sea Transportation - refers to the movement of goods and
passengers. The name on

on waterways by using various means like boat, ship, sailboats or

barge, over ocean and lakes, through canals or along rivers. It includes
all water transportation operator in either salt or fresh water and it is
divided into 4 categories

Dive Cruises – a boat used for recreational diving, expedition or

cruises where the divers live on the boat for the duration of the cruise
and it is used as a diving support vessel

 The Expediton Fleet – is the largest privately owned live-

aboard fleet in the Philippines. It operates eight (8) live-
abroad motor vessels, with regular scheduled diving
expeditions in the Philippines, Palau and Chuok (formerly
Truk) in the Federated States of Micronesia, in the Pacific
southwest. Its fleet includes;
 Apo Explorer
 Big Blue Explorer
 Eco Explorer
 Oceanic Explorer
 Pacific Explorer I
 Pacific Explorer II
 Stella Maris Explorer

Ferry – a ship designed with one or more docks specifically for the
carriage of passengers, and where there is no cabin accommodation
for the passengers or not all of the passengers are accommodated in
cabins where cabins are provided

Classification of Ferries

Conventional Ferries – a vessel which transport passengers and

cargoes with a speed between 18-26 knots or22-44 km/hour

Types of Conventional Ferries

a. Passenger Ferries – a kind of ferry which transport
passengers and their cars
b. Ro-Pax Ferries – also called cruise ferries, are vessel that
combine the feature of a cruise ship with a roll-on/roll-off
ferry built for freight vehicle transport with relatively large
passenger capacity and with accommodation
c. Fast Ferries – are also known as high-speed craft, capable
of a service speed in excess of 30 knots or 56 km/hour and
with the ability to carry a minimum of 35 assengers
Types of Fast Ferries
a. Catamaran – a twin-hulled boat with usually a deck
connecting the hulls and a service speed of 35 knots or 65
km/hour and has a passenger capacity of 400 to 700
passengers and up to 150 cars, In 1990, catamaran has
revolutionized ferry services replacing hovercraft, hydrofoil
and monohull
b. Monohull – a boat on which the line of intersection of the
water surface and the boat at any operating draft from a
single closed carve with a service speed of 35 knots and a
capacity of 650 passengers and 150 cars
 c. Hydrofoil – a boat with two foil support in which the boat
rises to reduce water drag and have the advantage of
higher cruising speed of 37 knots and can transport 200
passengers. Hydrofoil was superseded by catamaran which
is nearly as fast and less affected by sea and weather
condition

Cable Ferry – make use of the power of the river and the cables
connected to both shores to track across the current

Double-ended Ferry – ferries with interchangeable bow and stern,

allowing them to shuttle back and forth between terminals without
having to turn around

Roro ( roll-on/roll-off ) – are large conventional ferries named after

the ease by which vehicle can board and leave

Pontoon Ferry – carries vehicle across river and lakes and are widely
used in less developed countries where the cost of brigde
construction is prohibitive.

Inter-Island Shipping – ship operating between two or more island

2GO – is Philippine-based company engaged in transporting

passenger and cargo using the fleet of interisland ferries and
cargo ships of the former ATS ( Aboitiz Transport System ) which
owns the brand SuperFerry, Cebu Ferries and SuperCat and
Negros Navigation now owned by the Chinese Government
through the China-Asean Investment Cooperation Fund. As a
result from the merger of the Kuwait Gulf Link-Negros
Navigation Holding, Inc. with equity investments from China-
Asean Marine BV, a Netherlands-incorporated company that is a
wholly owned subsidiary of China-Asean Investment
Cooperation Fund (CAF), a private equity fund sponsored by
China Export-Import Bank and the Aboitiz Transport System
(ATS) Group.
Sun Cruises Inc. (SCI) – traces its beginnings in August 1988 as a
ferry service to the historical island of Corregidor. It is a
subsidiary company of the Magsaysay Shipping lines.This initial
ferrying service expanded to include guided tours and hotel
accommodations within the island when the management of
Corregidor Inn, Corregidor Resort and Corregidor Hostel came
under its wing. Today, Sun Cruises continues to provide ferrying
services, tours and hotel in Corregidor, and its latest product the
Manila Bay Cruises.

The other Key players in the Ferry Service are:

a. 2GO’s Cebu Ferries
b. Cokaliong Shipping Lines – a shipping lines based in
Cebu and operated both passenger and cargo ferries
on 8 routes in the Visayas and Mindanao Region and
one of the youngest shipping companies in the
Philippines
c. Trans-Asia Shipping - operating to and form Cebu to
various ports in Panay and Negros Island to the west;
Bohol, Siquijor and Camiguin Islands to the south;
and Leyte Island to the east. It was incorporated in
March 25, 1974 under the name of Solar Shipping
Lines, Inc.
 d. Lite Shipping – a Cebu-based shipping lines that
operates the Lite Ferries, a brand consisting of a fleet
of more than 20 ships a. The corporation has its origin
from Bohol and operates from Cebu to ports in Bohol
and northern Mindanao.

Roll-on/Roll-off - popularly known as RORO, this type of vessel is flat-

bottom with vehicular access ramps at the fore and aft or on both
ends. These enables the carriage of passenger busses, cargo trucks,
vans, picks-up and small vehicles including motorcycles and
passengers. This type of sea transport service is an integral part of the
both the East and West Strong Republic Nautical Highway.

Key Player in Roro Shipping

Montenegro Shipping Lines – which operate in the Batangas Port

to Calapan City and Roxas in Oriental Mindoro to Caticlan, Aklan
and from Matnog to Allen, Samar. Pilar, Sorsogon to Masbate,
Caitaingan, Masbate to Bogo, Cebu
Romblon Tablas Sibuyan Lines – operating from Batangas City to
Romblon, Sibuyan Island and Calapan City.
Star Horse Shipping Lines – plying the Southern Luzon route that
services the provinces of Quezon, Batangas and Marinduque.
Philharbor Ferries – Matnog to Allen Samar, Roxas Oriental
Mindoro to Caticlan
Santa Clara Shipping – Sorsogon to San Isidro, Samar
Besta Shipping – Roxas Oriental Mindoro to Caticlan, Malay,
Aklan
 Pasacao – Burias Island
Pio Duran – Masbate
Tabaco – Catanduanes
Bulan – Masbate
Cebu – Bohol
Southern Leyte – Surigao
Medallion Shipping -Bato, Leyte - Ubay, Bohol, Cebu – Bato,
Leyte, Cebu – Dipolog City, Cebu – Palompon, Leyte, Cebu –
Surigao City
Hagnaya Cebu – Bantayan Island

RORO service is also available from

Matnog in Sorsogon to Allen and other ports in Northern Samar

and from Maasin in Southern Leyte to Surigao City in Mindanao.

Fast Craft Service

The fast craft air-conditioned service is provided by sea craft that

travel at speeds of about 20 to 25 knots thus greatly reducing the
travel time between ports. Primarily for passengers, this service does
not carry freight but allows for smasll cargo and parcels. Service is
First Class in the upper deck and Tourist Class in the lower deck.

Key Player

 2GO Super Cat – which operates from the Batangas Port to

Calapan City and from Cebu to Tagbilaran, Dumaguete
and Ormoc in Leyte.
 Ocean Jet – from Cebu to various ports in Bohol, Leyte and
Negros Oriental.
  Wee Sam – operating from Bacolod City to Iloilo and from
Cebu to other points in the Visayas.

Chapter 2

The Hotel Industry

Accommodation is one of the largest and fastest growing sector in the

tourism industry. However, the accommodation industry has a wide
variety of lodging alternatives.

Types of Accommodation;

1. Hotel – establishment that provide private room with bath and

maintain a service staff to assist guest.

2.Motel – normally offer room only with private garage and

independent entrance and usually low rise.

3.Apartel – a building containing several independent furnished or

semi-furnished apartment, regularly leased to travelers and tourist
for dwelling on a long term basis and offers services to its tenants
similar to hotel

4. Condotel – an individual dwelling unit owned by an individual

but the management and services are handled by an independent
company.

5. Tourist Inn – are private residences which have been converted

into guest houses and usually provides meal.

6. Pension House – is a family operated accommodation

employing non-professional domestic helper with common facilities.
 7. Resort – an establishment that market primarily to leisure
travelers and emphasizes recreation.

8.Hostel – have dormitory types of accommodation with bunk

beds and common toilets and sometimes the travelers are the one
who provides the beddings.

9.Hospices – traditional church lodging for the pilgrims.

10. Historic conversion – old monasteries, abbeys, castles

converted into hotel.

a. Paradores - historic conversion in Spain.

b. Pousadas - Portuguese counterpart.

Classification of Hotel

1.By location – are classified by physical positioning in relation to the

customers in their area to their tangible locale.

 Downtown hotel – located in the dense urban area in the

center of a city business district.
 Suburban hotel – hotels located in the outskirt of the city.
 Airport hotel – hotel located in the precinct of an airport.
 Highway hotel – hotel built next to a highway and it typically
features a large property signs, an entrance where travelers
can leave their cars as they check in.

2. By the guest type

 Convention hotel – hotel with meeting and banquet facilities,

audio-visual equipments , recreational facilities in addition to
 the guestroom and specializes in hosting large gatherings
exhibition and special events.
 Commercial hotels – generally located in the center of the
city for the business travelers and usually have business
centers featuring office equipments for guest uses and full in
room modern connection.
 Resort hotel – hotel that cater primarily to leisure travelers
and usually located in a place of attraction or those that
create their own attraction.

3. By the price.

 Economy – priced below the normal minimum rate and

provides basic sanitary lodging.
 Standard –this type of hotel provides above luxury and
comfort with professionally designed décor with a on-premise
food and beverage service.
 First class – luxurious to near luxurious with well trained staff
and exceptional food and beverage service facilities with two
or more dining facilities and cocktail lounge.
 Luxury hotel – also called deluxe, offers the highest standard
of excellence In luxury and comfort , efficiency and food and
beverage, May have 2 or more dining rooms including at least
one gourmet style restaurant with classically trained chef.

4. According to the types of service

 Full service hotel – hotels that offer complete line of service

and has restaurants, lounges, concierge and many facilities to
cater guest needs
  Limited service hotel- hotel that provides little or no service at
all.

5. According to the distinctiveness of style.

 All Suite Hotel – hotel that offers separate living and

bedroom area with some properties offering kitchen area ,
leased to guest in a long term basis with full housekeeping
service.
 Extended Stay Hotel – hotel designed for guest who needs
long term accommodation. They are similar to all suite hotel
but they are significantly lesser in price with daily, weekly,
and monthly rate with limited housekeeping service.
 Historic Conversion – old castle, abbey, monasteries
converted to hotel in their original splendor.
 Bed and Breakfast – hotel with 5 to 10 rooms in which
breakfast is included in the room.
 Boutique Hotel – hotel that offers personalized services.

Hotel Division

 Revenue centers – generate income for the hotel through

the sales of services or product to the guest;
 Rooms Division
 Food and Beverage
 Telecommunication
 Concessions, Rentals, Commissions
 Fitness and Recreation Facilities
  Cost centers – also known as support centers, do not
generate revenue directly. Instead, they support the
proper functioning of the revenue centers.
 Human Resources
 Security
 Marketing
 Engineering
 Accounting
 Housekeeping

Hotel Management

 Owner Managed and Operated – the hotel is operated and

managed by the owner himself with the support from his
management technical staff.
 Single-unit not affiliated with any brand – some
single unit properties have been in business for
many years, are extremely successful and maybe
the pre-eminent hotel in the community or area.
 Single – unit property affiliated with a brand -
properties that are part of hotel chain are most
prevalent. This brand affiliation, whether
international, nationwide or regional, or located
within an even smaller area, is successful because of
name recognition, and because it is often easier to
receive financing for businesses affiliated with a
brand.
 Multi- unit properties affiliated with different
brands – some owners elect to choose several
brands because they own more than one hotel in a
 market area and feel that two hotels with the same
brand would not be best.
 Multi - unit-properties by the brand or others –
some brand, for a fee, offer management services
to the hotel owners. Also, some companies neither
own the brands nor the hotel, but simply provide,
for a fee, management services to the hotel owner
 Multi- unit properties owned by the brand – some
brand do own some of their own hotel.
Independent ( not controlled by the brand )
ownership,
 Franchised – the hotel is independently owned but is
affiliated to the chain, There is a franchised agreement
where in the hotel owner pays a franchise to the chain
management. This fee covers payment for the use of the
name as well as the management and operational system
which are installed by the franchiser to its franchisee hotel
to enable to maintain its consistent level of quality in
products and services
 franchise – the authorization given by one company
to another to sell its unique product and services.
 franchisee – the individual or company granted the
franchise.
 franchisor – the franchise company that owns the
trademark, product or the business format that is
being franchised.
 Management Contract Agreement – in this type of
management, the owner sub-contract the operation and
 management of the hotel to any external management
company. The management team is given the autonomy to
run the hotel.
 Management company – a company that managed
hotel for owners, typically in return for a
combination of fees and shared revenues. It may
have or may not have any of its own fund invested
 Referral system – independent hotel or small hotel
that do not share common operating systems,
decors, purchasing systems, etc., but are linked by
common reservation system and marketing
strategy.

Typical Lodging Guest

 Guest – a hotel visitor. Most guest rent room or purchase

food or beverages in the hotel outlet or banquet function.
 Business travelers or corporate guest – 28.8 %
 Guest attending conference or group meetings – 25.3
%
 Leisure or vacationing guest – 24.6
 Guest traveling for other reasons – 21.8 %

Lodging Industry Characteristics

a. Repetetiveness – the steps involved in making a guest room

ready for sale are basically the same every time they are sold.
b. Labor intensive – in many industries ,for example, electronic
technology and sophisticated equipments have replaced people
in many activities. By contrast ,the lodging industry has lesser
 of this because much of the hotel daily work involves
employees providing services
c. Inseparability of manufacture and sales – It is not possible to to
separate the manufacture of a guestroom with its sale since
rooms exist and sold at the same site.
d. Perishability – if a guestroom is not rented on a specific date
,the revenue is lost forever.
e. Emphasis on safety, cleanliness and service – cleanliness
,friendliness along with the physical aspect such as size and
furnishing of the room, quality of maintenance is a part of the
guest evaluation mix when making a will- stay and will – not stay
decision

Hotel Sizes.

a. Small Hotel – hotel with 50 to 150 rooms

b. Medium – 151 to 400 rooms
c. Large Hotel – 401 to 1500 rooms
d. Mega Hotel – 1501 rooms and above.

Top 10 Largest Hotel in the Philippines

a. Resort World Manila – 1574 rooms

b. Okada Manila – 993 rooms
c. City of Dreams Manila – 950 rooms
d. Solaire Resort and Casino – 800 rooms
e. Makati Shangrila – 606 rooms
f. Edsa Shangrila – 632 rooms
g. Imperial Palace Water Park and Resort Cebu – 616 rooms
h. Sofitel Philippine Plaza – 609 rooms
i. New World Makati Hotel – 598 brooms
 j. Waterfront Manila Pavillion – 590 rooms
k. Manila Hotel – 570 rooms

Top 10 Largest Hotel in the World

a. Izmailovo, Moscow – 7500 rooms

b. MGM Grand & Signature, Las Vegas – 6772 rooms
c. First World Hotel, Malaysia – 6118 rooms
d. Disney All Star Resorts – 5658 rooms
e. The Wynn & Encore, Las Vegas – 4748 rooms
f. Luxor, Las Vegas – 4400 rooms
g. Mandalay Bay, Las Vegas – 4337 rooms
h. Ambassador City, Thailand – 4210 rooms
i. Venetian, Las Vegas – 4027
j. Excalibur, Las Vegas – 3981 rooms

Hotel Rating System - are often used to classify hotels according to

their quality. From the initial purpose of informing travelers on basic
facilities that can be expected. The objectives of the of hotel rating
has expanded into a focus on the hotel experience as a whole. Today
the terms grading, rating and classification are used to generally refer
to the same concept, that is to categorize hotel. There is a wide
variety of rating schemes used by different organizations around the
world. Many have a system involving star, with a greater number of
stars indicating luxury. Some used diamond and there are even some
that used rose and a rating system
Star Rating System – this system aims to rate hotels based on the
quality and amount of amenities it provide to its customers. The star
system which was launched by Forbes Travel Guide, formerly Mobil
Travel Guide, where hotels are rated of 1 – 5 stars. With one being
poor and five being superior

a. 1 Star – lodging establishment must be cleaned & comfortable

but not luxurious and offer minimum of service. There might be
a 24 hours front desk and housekeeping service and there may
not be a restaurant.
b. 2 Star (moderate ) – slightly above 1 star and many include
better quality furnitures, large rooms, tv in each guestroom,
direct dial phone, restaurant, room service and recreation
facilities.
c. 3 Star ( first class ) – offers all the services of a 1 and 2 star hotel
and has expanded services to make it more outstanding.
d. 4 Star ( superior ) – room is larger than the average size,
furniture is of high quality and it has well- trained staff. The
hotel usually feature a medium- sized restaurant that offer
breakfast to dinner services, room service, valet parking, fitness
facilities and a swimming pool.
e. 5 Star ( deluxe ) – are hotels that offers only the hig hest level
of accommodation and services with high degree of personal
service.

Diamond Rating System – launched by the AAA, Automobile

Association of America, rates hotels and restaurant using diamond
system. An establishment applies to AAA to be reviewed for Diamond
status, and if AAA agrees to take a look at the property, an inspector
arrived unannounced and tours the property. If things meet the
company’s criteria, the company becomes AAA Approved indicating
the property meets the basic needs of AAA members – AAA does not
approve poor quality hotels. However, people want various levels of
luxury and service. So AAA rates properties on a 1 – 5 diamond scale.

a. 1 Diamond – Budget oriented, offering basic comfort and

hospitality
b. 2 Diamond – Affordable, with modestly enhanced facilities,
décor and amenities
c. 3 Diamond – Distinguished, multifaceted with enhanced physical
attributes, amenities, and guest comforts
d. 4 Diamond – Refined, stylish with upscale physical attributes,
extensive amenities and a high degree of hospitality, service and
attention to detail
e. 5 Diamond – Ultimate luxury, sophistication and comfort with
extraordinary physical attributes, meticulous personalized
service, extensive amenities and impeccable standard of
excellence

Alternative Hotel Rating

a. Green Key International – is a voluntary eco-classification to

around 2900 hotels and other establishment in 57 countries in
the Foundation for Environmental Education
b. Green Key Global – is a voluntary eco-classification awarded to
around 1850 hotels and venues in 15 countries. In 2009,
Fairmont Hotel joined the Green Key Global program
 c. Green Globe – is the global certification for sustainable tourism.
Membership is reserved for companies and organization who
are committed to making positive contribution to the planet
d. Salam Standard – is a classification system for Muslim-friendly
hotels. Hotels can get certified based on certain Muslim-friendly
criteria such as offering prayer mats, removing alcohol from the
room and offering halal restaurant and is divided into 4 tiers (
bronze, silver, gold, and platinum. Archipelago Hotels,
Indonesia’s biggest hospitality firm is a member of Slam
standard System.

Hotel Management Position;

a. General Manager – the chief operating officer of the hotel and

responsible for the financial performance of the hotel.
b. Resident Manager – are often the executive in charge of the
rooms division .They report directly with the GM and share
responsibility for the compliance with budget and forecasts.
c. Controller – in charge of the accounting department and all of its
function such as management of credit, payroll, guest accounts,
and all cashiering activities.
d. Marketing Manager - develops and implements a marketing
plan and budget. The marketing plan lays out the hotel intends
to attract business.
e. Sales Manager – conducts sales program and makes sales calls
on prospect for group and individual business
f. Food and Beverage Manager – direct the production of service
of food and beverage. They are also responsible for the training
of dining and kitchen staff.
 g. Human Resources Manager – responsible for recruiting and
training the majority of hotel employees.
h. Chief Engineer – responsible for the hotel’s physical operation
and maintenance. Which include the electrical , heating ,
ventilation , air conditioning, refrigeration, and plumbing
system.
i. Executive Houskeeper – oversee the cleanliness of the entire
hotel
j. Front Office Manager – incharge of the operation of the Front
Office Department
k. Executive Chef – responsible for the entire food production in
the hotel
l. MIS Manager – are the computer expert in a hotel.

Unique Hotels – though hotels are all similar in that they have all beds
and accommodation to make staying there much more like home,
there are some very unique hotels in various part of the world that
challenges the concept of traditional hotel making them strange, rare
and totally different and adventuresome].

a. Tree Top Hotel – are hotel with living trees as structural

elements.
 Costa Rica Tree House - in Gandoka Manzanillo Wildlife
Refuge.
 Tree Top Hotel – in Kenya National Park.
 Bayrons’ Tree House – in Olympus, Turkey.
 Aria Amazon Tower – in Manaus, Brazil, hotel built in the
rain forest.
 Magic Mountain Hotel – in Panguipili, Chile, hotel built in
the forest.
b. Cave Hotel – hotels made in natural cave formation.
 Dessert Cave Hotel – in Coober Pedy, Australia.
 Cuevas Pedro Antonio de Alarcon Hotel – in Guadix, Spain.
c. Under Ground Hotel – are hotel that are built under ground.
 Sala Silver Mine Underground Suite – in Sweden, 155
meters underground suite, one of the world preserved
mine settings and the deepest bedroom.
 Under Ground Caravan Hotel – in Saint Gotthard,
Switzerland, a former military installation in the mountain
transformed into hotel.
d. Under Water Hotel – hotel built underwater guests could have a
subterranean view from their room.
 Utter Inn – Lake Malaren, Sweden.
 Jules under Sea Lodge – Key Largo, Florida.
 Hydrophilis – in Dubai, where suites are on the bottom of
the Persian Gulf.
e. Library Hotel – in New York, a unique hotel that each of its ten
floors are assigned to one category from Dewey Decimal System.
f. Airplane Suite – in Teague, Netherland, a plane converted into a
single luxury suite.
g. Bunker Hotel – Null Stern Hotel, Switzerland, an old bunker
converted into hotel. The hotel is hidden behind a bomb-proof
door containing 6 single beds and 4 doubles to accommodate 14
people.
h. Crane Hotel – Faralda, Amsterdam a hotel housed in a converted
crane where guests can operate the giant crane to get a 360
degrees view of the surroundings.
 i. Dog Bark Park Inn – Idaho, USA, a bed and breakfast is located
inside a 12 foot beagle. Guests enters the beagle body through
the second storey deck.
j. Ice Hotel – Jukkasjarvi, Sweden, the world’s first year round
hotel made of ice.
k. Airplane Hotel – Costa Verde, Costa Rica, a refurbished vinatage
Boeing 727 air frame to create a fantastic, two-bedroom suite
which is set out on a concrete plinth that juts 50 feet into the
jungle canopy and furnishing are hand-carved teak.
l. Jail Hotel – Liberty Hotel,Boston, once the Charles Street jail, a
former jail house converted into hotel which features have been
preserved, including vestiges of jail cells, catwalks and three
storey arched windows.
m. Palacio de Sal – Bolivia, located in the eastern shore of the Great
Salar de Uyuni is built entirely of salt – the walls, floors, ceiling
and most of its decoration.
n. Propeller Island City Lodge – Germany, this one is for the
morbid. If you ever want to know what sleeping in the coffin
feels like.

Green Hotel - is a hotel

accommodation that has made
important environmental
improvements to its structure in
order to minimize its impact on
the environment. The basic
definition of a hotel is an environmentally responsible lodging that
follows the practices of green living. These hotels have to be certified
green by an independent third-party or by the state they are located
in. Traditionally, these hotels were mostly presented as Eco Lodges
because of their location, often in jungles, and their design inspired by
the use of traditional building methods applied by skilled local
craftsmen in areas, such as Costa Rica and Indonesia.

 Adrere Amella ( Siwa Oasis, Egypt) – a 39 room hotel

constructed from clay and water and suits on 60 acres on
the foot of White Mountain Adrere Amella. There is no
electricity – all the lighting is from beewax candles. Water
comes from natural spring on site and natural ventilation
keeps the resort cool.
 Daintree Eco Lodge and Spa ( Queensland, Australia ) – it
has 15 “ Bayan ” ( villas) nestled among trees and uses
solar powers, LED lights and even grow their own produce
for meals. In addition, this resort uses Kuku Yalanji
aboriginal cultural guides where guests can learn about
Australian aboriginal culture through education and
experiential learning activities.
 Soneve Fushi Resort ( Baa Atoll, Maldives ) – this gorgeous
hotel located in North Baa Atoll is surrounded by white
sand beaches and blue lagoons is a winner of a number of
awards and accolades for its green practice and
sustainability. The hotel sources material locally, collects
rain water, uses filter seawater in its pool and takes
advantage of natural ventilation. All the furnitures
throughout the hotel is created from local, renewable
materials, and energy efficient or natural lighting is use
throughout.
  Hotel Mocking Bird Hill ( Port Antonio, Jamaica ),- this
island paradise, winner of a variety of green award, uses
solar energy, natural air-conditioning and rain-water
harvesting. Their low-chlorine pool operates on a
renewable energy, and they don’t use pesticide in their
garden.
 Gaia Napa Valley Hotel and Spa ( American Canyon,
California ) – is the first Gold LEED- certified hotel in the
world. One can enjoy the beautiful wine country tours and
days of pampering sat the spa. Solatube skylights provides
natural lighting and organic cleaning products and low-
flush toilets are used throughout the hotel. They have also
carpeting created from recycled materials, energy efficient
HVAC systems, low-energy transmittable windows and a
reflective roof.

 Job Position Available in Hotels

 Guest Service/Entry Level
a. Front Desk Clerk – person who man the reception area
b. Reservation Clerk
c. Bellman/Bellhops – personnel in-charge of checking in/out
guest and assist them with their luggage
d. Concierges – person who coordinate the execution of service
and acts as a liason to guest needs
e. Housekeeping Staff
 Room Attendant/Chamber Maid
  Floor Houseman
 Public Area Attendant
 Minibar Attendant
 Laundry Attendant
 Linen Attendant
f. Food and Beverage
 Food Attendant
 Bartender
 Barmaid
g. Kitchen Staff
 Cooks
 Kitchen Helper
 Kitchen Steward
 Guest Services – Supervisory Position
 Guest Service Supervisor
 Front Desk Supervisor
 Reservation Supervisor
 Housekeeping Supervisor
 Kitchen Manager
 Dining Manager
 Executive Chef
 Administrative
 Marketing and Advertising Staff
 Accounting Staff
 Event Planner
 Assistant Hotel Manager
 Hotel Manger
 CHAPTER 3

THE RESTAURANT INDUSTRY

The Restaurant Industry runs the gamut from gourmet restaurant to

hot dog stand. It is truly an equal opportunity employer as it employs
more personnel than any other industry.

Restaurant Industry Segment

1. Eating and drinking places – constitute the largest segment of

the restaurant industry. This segment includes the different
classification of restaurant.
The Different Types of Restaurant

a. Fine Dining Restaurant – a restaurant with a luxurious setting

with fine china ware and offers extensive menu and wine list and
trained service staff.

b. Theme Restaurant / Atmospheric Restaurant – a restaurant

designed to a particular theme such as the theme is reflected in
every elements of its ambience.

c. Chain Restaurant – restaurant that are linked in someways. The

link maybe common ownership wherein two restaurant that may not
resemble each other or the link maybe provided by common names,
appearance & products or some combination of these.

d. Limited Menu Restaurant – is a restaurant in which the

management has made a conscious decision to restrict the number of
menu they sell. This maybe small but varying number or maybe
specific.

e. Ethnic Restaurant – a restaurant that specializes in cuisine of a

particular culture.

f. Specialty Restaurant – restaurant that features food of a

particular type such as sea food, chicken, pancake, steak and burger.

g. Fast Food Restaurant / Quick Service Restaurant – a restaurant

that serve food with little or no waiting at all.

h. Coffee Shop – restaurant with limited menu where customer

typically would go to order coffee.
 i. Cafeteria – is a restaurant that permits customer to see the
food available and make selection among food displayed.

j. Delicatessen – a restaurant that sells and serves in house

butchery product such as ham, sausages and salami.

k. Family Restaurant – a type of restaurant that cater to families ,

l. Diner Houses – restaurants that are open long hours and

sometimes even 24 hours.

m. Tops – are restaurant are built on the top of the building

n. Strand – stationary, open – air food service facility without a

dining room facility, customer walk to a counter to obtain food, then
consume the food in the counter or elsewhere.

o. Pattiserie – a restaurant that sell and serve bakery products

like cakes and pastries.

p. Drive Thru – a food service operation where customer can

drive a vehicle to a window to obtain and pay food without even
leaving the vehicle.

2. Lodging operation – food service in the lodging operation

ranges from gourmet restaurant to coffee shops and even quick
service outlet and can be found in most hotels and motels.

3. Transportation market – Food service establishment at

highway stops, on airplane, ships, and trains, at airport terminal and
train station, and at other facilities in the transportation market.
 4. Recreational market – these are food service facilities located
at sport arenas, stadium, race tracks, movie houses, bowling alleys,
amusement parks, municipal convention centers and others.

5. Business and industry market – consists of non-food service

businesses that offer on-site to employees and most of them are
contract food companies.

6. Educational market – food service facilities that caters to

school, colleges and universities.

7. Health care market – consists of three principal segment;

hospitals and other medical centers, nursing homes, and retirement
communities.

8. Retail market - foods that are prepared outside the house. It

could be dine in, take-out or delivery segment of the market.

9. Correctional food service – food service establishment in

regional prisons and local jails.

10. Military food service – a very specialized area in food service

operation which ranges from space shuttle food operation, to aircraft
carrier or nuclear submarine mess operation, to Army, Navy, Air force,
Marine Coast Guard officers’ club management at all bases.

Why Do Restaurant Fails.

1. Lack of business knowledge

2. Lack of technical knowledge
3. Lack of sufficient working capital
Attributes of a successful restaurant

1. Concept – the overall plan for how it will meet the need and
expectation of its intended market.
2. Site selection – a restaurant location has a tremendous
influence on its success and it fall into four categories;
a. Central –city business and shopping district – these are
near office building, downtown, department store or major
commercial hotels.
b. Shopping centers – modern shopping centers provide a
central focus in suburban communities, city government
offices, churches, recreational facilities such as movie
houses and fitness centers, and restaurant are in or near
shopping centers.
c. Planned communities – can be large suburban
development or urban renewal projects.
d. Highway intersection.

Three Elements Crucial To The Success Of A Restaurant

A. Guest – everything in the restaurant starts with a guest.

The restaurant staff must have a good knowledge of their
guest in order to keep their loyalty. This could be achieved
by satisfying by continuously satisfying the level of service
being provided to the guests.
B. Ambience – the aesthetic appeal of the restaurant that
create an identity about the restaurant.
Elements of Ambience;
a. Décor
b. Lighting
 c. Furnishing
d. Tableware
e. Menu
f. Service methods
g. Personality of the staff.
C. Menu – is the list of food the restaurant serves and the
most important element of success of a restaurant.
Rules in Creating Menu;
 Gives guest what they want
 Use standard recipe
 Match the menu to the staff abilities
 Take equipment into accounts
 Provide variety and balance
 Pay attention to the season
 Keep nutrition in mind
 Use food wisely

Menu Preference – successful restaurant chains know the

menu preference vary significantly by region. Global food chains keep
their signature item on all menus the world over, but they also add
items that appeal to local taste.

Menu Categories – there are two menu categories based

on how the menu is scheduled; fixed menu and cyclical menu. Menu
can be further categorized as breakfast, lunch and dinner.

 Fixed Menu – also known as static menu, typically

used for several months or longer before it is changed
 Cyclical Menu – a menu that is changed everyday for
a certain number of days before the cycle is repeated
  Specialty Menu – differ from typical breakfast, lunch
and dinner. They are usually designed for holidays
and other special events or for a specific guest group.

Menu Design – a menu is a sale tool and motivational

device. A menu design can affect what guest order and how much
they spend. The paper, color, artwork, and copy all can influence
guest decisions and help establish a restaurant ambience and image;
therefore, the look and the language of the menu should be closely
tied to the restaurant’ concept.

Menu Prices – the goal in establishing menu prices is to

bring in sufficient revenue to cover operating cost and overhead, and
to provide a reasonable return on investment.

Restaurant Organization

Organizational Structure of a Classic Service Brigade

 Maittre d’ Hotel ( General Manager ) – Incharge of the

management of dining room service, public relation and
physical plant
 Chef de Salle ( Dining Room Manager ) – manages the
dining room
 Chef de Rang ( Captain ) – incharge of service in a
particular section of dining room. Take order and interacts
with the guest.
 Commis de Suite ( Back Waiter ) – food runner
 Commis de Debarrasseuar ( Bus Person ) – clears the table
and stocks the side table/gueridon
 Receptionist – greets and seats the guest
  Trancheur ( Carver ) – rolls the cart/voiture
 Sommelier ( Wine Waiter ) – creates wine list,
recommends and serve wine to the guest and maintain
wine inventory.
 Commis de Rang ( Front Waiter ) – assist the captain, servs
food and beverages and also assists the back waiter

The Classical Kitchen Brigade

 Chef de Cuisine – responsible for the over all

management of the kitchen
 Sous Chef – direct order directy from chef de cuisine for
the management of the kitchen
 Chef de Partie – responsible for managing a given a
given station in the kitchen
 Chef Rotisseur – the roast chef, who manages a team of
cooks that roasts, broils and deep fries dishes
 Grillardin – prepares grill foods
 Fruturier - prepares fried foods
 Chef Possonnier – the fish chef, prepares fish and
seafood dishes
 Chef Entremetier – the vegetable chef, who prepares
vegetable dishes and soup
 Chef Potager the soap chef, he prepares the soup
 Chef Legumier – he reports to the entremetier and
prepares the soups
 Garde Manger – the food keeper. He is responsible for
the preparation of cold hors d’ oeuvres, pates, terrine,
aspics and salad
 Chef Tornant – the reliever chef.
  Chef Patissier – prepares dessert and other meal-end-
sweets.
 Chef Confiseur –; prepares candies and petit
 Chef Glacier – prepares frozen and cold delights
 Chef Decorateur – prepares show pieces and specialty
cakes
 Chef Boulanger - prepares bread, cakes and breakfast
pastries
 Chef Boucher – the kitchen butchers who cut and slice
meats, poultry and sometimes fish
 Chef Communard – prepares staff meals
 Cuisinier ( cook) – prepares specific dish in a station
 Commis ( junior cook ) – he work in a specific station
and also take care of the tool for the station
 Aboyeur ( barker ) – takes order from the dining room
and distribute them to the various station
 Garcon de cuisine ( kitchen boy ) – performs
preparatory and auxillary work for support.

The Kitchen Steward Department

 Chief Steward – responsible for the over all cleanliness

of the kitchen
 Assistant Steward – supervises the cleaning of the
kitchen
 Dishwasher ( plongeur )– incharge of the washing
dishes and utensils.
 Pot cleaner ( marmiton ) – pot and pan washer
 Silverman – incharge of the polishing of all silverwares
and brassware.
 Yardman – responsible for the collection of all kitchen
trash and cleaning of all waste bins, also known as
kitchen porter.
 CHAPTER 4
The Cruise Industry
Cruise – is a pleasure trip on ship with all the ship staff doing
the thing.
The Reasons Why People Cruises - there are many reasons
why people take cruise. The ff: are the principal motives:

1. A cruise pampers the client - a cruise provides

services that are rare in everyday life but are
common on a cruise such as lounging on deck,
breakfast in bed, soaking in a hot tub, afternoon tea,
champagne and caviar.
2. A cruise provides a stress - free vacation - on a
cruise; a person packs and unpacks only once. He does
not look for a hotel or a place to eat. The cruise
experience lessens his worries and maximizes his
vacation time.
3. A cruise is a new experience - Many people have
never been on a cruise, so they would like to experience
adventure on a cruise.
4. A cruise is a learning experience – on many cruises,
expert lectures on board give enrichment presentations
that help passengers understand the history and culture
of the place that they visit. Some specially cruise line
make passenger learning the major goal.
5. A cruise facilitates shopping – Every port provides
passengers its own shopping opportunities which are
often duty free. The ship itself has a wide selection of
boutiques where the passengers can make their
purchases.
6. Cruises offer a variety of events, activities and meals -
It is possible to be bored on a cruise because of the
various events and activities that you can choose from
such as swimming, jogging, watching a show, shopping,
dining indoors or out, exploring a port or staying on
board, sunbathing and reading by the pool.
7. A cruise develops friendship – A cruise provides
opportunities to meet new people and to make friends.
These friendships may last even after cruise.
8. A cruise is a romantic experience – Many plays,
movies, songs, and books use cruise as the setting for
romance. Cruises strengthen an old relationship and
start a new one.
9. A cruise is a great way to celebrate a special event –
Couples celebrating their wedding anniversary,
honeymooners, and birthday celebrants find the cruise
an excellent venue for their celebration.
10. A cruise satisfies practically every one – A cruise
satisfies almost everybody families, old people, young
people, lovers of knowledge and lovers of sports,
church groups, singles and couples.
The Cruise Client - according to research studies made by
the Cruise Line International Association (CLIA) and other
researchers, the following are the typical cruise clients:

1. Twenty-seven percent of cruisers are below 40 years

of age, 42% are between 40 and 59 and 31% are over
60.This proves the common belief that “Cruise are for
old people”.
2. Approximately 40% of people on board take their first
cruise.
3. Three out of every four cruisers are married.
4. Cruiser have more household income than non-
cruisers.
5. Ten percent of cruisers bring their child or children
along on a short cruise, passengers have the
following characteristics:

a. They are younger

b. They have less disposable income.
c. They have less education.
d. They usually work full time.
e. They are interested in mass-market destination
such as the Caribbean.
f. They are new in cruising.

Cruise Prices - every cruise spells the exact price for each
sailing as well what is included and what is not.
THE PRICE

 Its per person, based on two persons or passengers to a

room
 Price depends up on where the desired stateroom
category is located on the ship
The higher the deck the stateroom, the higher the price

 Outside stateroom which have windows are expensive

than interior stateroom without windows.
 Bigger stateroom is more expensive than smaller ones.
 Stateroom with balconies is more expensive than those
without.
 Outside staterooms whose view are obstructed cost
less than those without an obstructed views.
Other factors that affects Price

 Booking 6-9 months in advance yields a saving

 Last-minute “sale” when the ship isn’t fully booked
results to lower prices.
 Promotional fares to encourage early booking draws out
low prices.
 If there’s a 3rd or 4th person sharing the stateroom, the
person price is often much less than the 1st and 2nd
persons.
Seasonality is also factor to considered

 Summer – high season in the Mediterranean,

cruises are most costly.
  Spring and Fall – are shoulder season when cruise
prices are low.
 Winter – is low season-prices are its lowest.

Repositioning Cruises

 When vessels are moving from one general area to

another are almost always a bargain.
Special Passenger rate

 Given to people who have sailed on the cruise before.

Group Rates

 Group minimums vary by cruise line as low as five per

group or as high as twenty.

The Inclusion

Always and Almost

 Stateroom accommodation
 Amenities
 Meals
  Certain Beverages
 Entertainment
 On board activities
 Exercise facility
 Ship transportation

Sometimes Included, Sometimes Not

 Airfare
 Port charges
 Government fees and taxes
 Transfer between airports and the dock
Usually Not Included

 Shore excursion
 Gratuities to ship and shore side personnel
 Alcoholic beverages and soft drinks
 Laundry

Never Included

 Meals ashore
 Ship to ashore phone calls
 Internet connections
 Medical services
 Personal services
Types of Vessels

 Classic Ocean Liner - epitomized the first Golden Age of

cruising. They are sleek, streamlined, and built to knife
through open ocean waves. Most are rather small by
today’s standard by several vintage liners are as big as
some of larger contemporary ships today.
 The Contemporary Cruise Ship – tapered, knife like hull
gave way to broader, boxier, still attractive vessel built
to accommodate uniformly size staterooms with
numerous activity venues and can accommodate 200
passengers with 12 decks or more.
 Small ship – are smaller vessels, most of which can
accommodate 200 passengers where the emphasis is on
an up-close, more intimate cruise vacation.
 Masted Sailing ship – are cruise ship that have masts
and sails and are partly or entirely powered by the wind.
 River boats – also called paddle wheeler and are open
modeled after the steamboat and it is usually used to
river rides.
 Multi - purpose Ship – like those that sail the fjord-lined
west coast of Norway. They carry cargo, transport
passenger between closed villages.
 Ferries – are small conventional vessel used for short
distance cruise.
Size of Ship

 Very Small – under 10,000 GRT under 200 pax

 Small – 10,000-20,000 GRT – 200-500 pax
 Medium – 20,000-50,000 GRT – 500-1,200 pax
 Large – 50,000-70,000 GRT – 1,200-2,000 pax
 Megaship – 70,000 GRT or more – 2,000 pax or more

Part of a Cruise Ship

 Bow – front of a ship

 Stern – extreme rear of the ship
 After – rear of the ship
 Portside – left side of the ship
 Starboard Side – right side of the ship
 Midship – middle of the ship
 Lido Deck – pool deck area that offers informal, buffet
like dining, both indoors and outdoors
Cruise Ship Facilities - space on ship can be divided into 3
types

 Private Crew space – located below passengers

accommodation and includes the following
a. Crew Cabin
b. Crew dining area
c. Bridge – where the vessel is controlled
d. Galley – kitchen
 e. Recreational facilities

 Public Space - are areas where passenger mingle

a. Reception area
b. Purser’s office – direct equivalent of a front desk
c. The dining room – where guest eat
d. Alternate dining area – informal, buffet like dining
usually takes place on the pool deck for some or all
meals.
e. The showroom – entertainment events usually take
place here each night
f. The pool area – usually with Jacuzzi
g. Children area – facilities for children
h. The gift shop – a little store
i. The medical facility – hospital like facility more time law
require any vessel. That 100 passengers to have a
physician and nurse on board.
j. The movie theater – many ships feature screening of
recent movies
k. The photo gallery – place where passenger can have
their photo taken
l. The internet center – where guest can receive and sent
email
m. The casino – are facilities where guest can gamble
 Stateroom – also called cabin, is a ship guestroom
Types of Stateroom
a. Outside Stateroom – have windows you can look
outside
b. Inside Stateroom– have no window, but often use mirror
and false windows drapes to make the room feel open.
c. Suites – the most expensive room in a ship
Deck Plan - a ship floor plan, showing cabins and public
areas
Importance of Deck Plan

 A guest can often select the exact stateroom they want

by way of looking into the deck plan.

 The color coding in deck plan makes it easy for cruise

passengers to read it especially the price categories of
each stateroom.

 Deck plan help indicates the price of the room, the

higher the deck on the ship, the higher the category and
price.

 Deck plan often note certain special stateroom

circumstances, like obstructed views, staterooms
especially equipped for the physically challenged.
 Ship Prefix - a combination of letter usually abbreviation,
used in the name of naval or civilian ship. In civilian vessel
it may identify type of propulsion such as :
a. SS – Steamship
b. RV – Research Vessel
c. HMS – His/ Her Majesty Ship
d. MS/MV– Motor ship ( interchangeable with MV )
e. MF – Motor Ferry
f. MY – Motor Yacht
g. SSV – Sailing School Vessel
h. HSC – High Speed Craft

Ship Registry – is the process to which a ship is documted

and given the nationality of the country to which the ship has
been documented. The nationality allows a ship to travel
internationally as its proof of ownership of the vessel.
International law requires that every merchant ship be
registered in a country, called its flag state
 Flag State – of a merchant vessel is the jurisdiction
under whose laws the vessel is registered or licensed,
and deemed the nationality of the vessel.
 Flag of Convenience – is a business practice whereby
ship’s owners- register a merchant ship in a ship
register of the country other than that of the ship’s
owner, , and the ship flies the civil ensign of that
 country called flag state. This practice began in1920 in
USA
 Flag of Convenience List of Countries with Open
Registry
a. Antigua and Barbuda, Aruba
b. Bahamas, Barbados, Belize and Bermuda
c. Cambodia, Canary Island, Cayman Island, Cook
Island, Cyprus
d. GIS (German International Ship Register), Gibraltar
e. Honduras
f. Lebanon, Liberia, Luxembourg
g. Malta, Marshall Island, Mauritius, Myanmar
h. Netherland and Dutch Antilles
i. Panama
j. Saint Vincent, Srilanka
k. Tuvalu ( Ellice Island, Polynesia )
l. Vanuatu
 World’s Most Popular Cruise Ships Flags of
Convenience
a. Bahamas – includes some of the largest cruise ship
 RCCL
 NCL
 Carnival
b. Panama – operate two major ship companies
 CCL
 MSC
c. Bermuda – Flag of convenience and cruise wedding,
and offering its offshore registry to UK-owned ships
 Princes Cruise
 P&O
  Cunard
d. Italy
 COSTA
 AIDA
e. Malta
 Celebrity Cruises
 Louis Cruises
f. Madeira – is the offshore registry of Portugal
 Classic International
 Iberocruceros
Why Cruise Ships Fly Under Foreign Flags

 It helps ship owners to evade their home nation’s

inconvenient rules/regulation
 They have lower fees and taxes, and other rules that
lower operating cost. Financially fewer regulation means
bigger profit. Countries like the USA have stringent
rules when it comes to environment and labor
protection laws and relatively higher corporate income
tax
The Negative Impact of Flying Foreign Flag To The Crew/Staff
 Lower standards of working condition due to
lesser regulations. Crew on such ships often work
under stress and often without compensation
 Crew is deprived from basic rights such as the
right to form/ join trade unions, and the right to
demand proper pay/working condition
 The ship under the flag of convenience is under its
flag state’s jurisdiction, but ship records and other
 documents can be easily manipulated. Examples,
crew members could be charged for a criminal
activity they were not even a part of
 Ships sailing under the flag of convenience offer
lower salaries or pay crew/staff later than required
 Insufficient or no compensation in case of onboard
accidents. Such ships have to right to refuse to pay
compensation to a crew member anf their families
 Busy work schedules without the necessary rest
time between assignments ( compared to the
standard)
 Uncertainty/Stress – working on a flag of
convenience ship can endanger your career
resulting in sickness, physical and meantla
impairment, and even bad record bif you decide to
seek justice
NCL America’ Pride of America – is the only American Cruise
Ship registered in the USA. The reason for this is it sails in
Hawaii all year round
Why Foreign Flagged Ship Can Not Sail From One USA Port
To Another – there is a federal law that prohibits foreign
flagged ships from coastwise trade between US ports. Only
US flagged ship can do that
Gross Register Tonnage ( GRT ) - a ship’s total internal
volume expressed in “registers tons”, ones of which equals
to a volume of 100 cubic feet (2.83 m3). It is calculated from
the total permanently enclosed capacity of vessel. The ship’s
register tonnage is obtain by reducing the volume of non-
revenue-earning spaces ( spaces not available for carrying
cargo, for example engine rooms, fuel tanks and crew
quarters, from its gross register tonnage.) Gross register
tonnage is not a measure of the ship’s weight or
displacement and should not be confused with terms such
as dead weight tonnage or displacement.
Gross and net register tonnages were replaced by gross
tonnage and net tonnage, respectively, when the
International Maritime Organization (IMO) adopted The
Convention on Tonnage Measurement of Ships on 23 June
1969. The new tonnage regulation entered into force for all
new ships on 18 July 1982, but existing vessel were given a
migration period of 12 years to ensure that ships were given
reasonable economic safeguard, since port and other dues
are charged according to ship’s tonnage. However, the gross
and net register tonnages are still widely used in describing
older
 Flagship – the most important ship in the fleet of
ships, usually the best equipped and the most famous
of the fleet.
The Ship Personnel

 Sea – based Operation

Sailing Operation
a. Captain - over all in charge of on board operation
b. Staff Deputy Captain or First Officer or Chief Mate - is
in-charge when the captain is busy or not on board
c. Chief Engineer - overseas all mechanical operation -
 d. Chief Medical Officer - tend to the help of passenger
and crew
e. The Chief Radio or Communication Officer - in charge
of ship board communication system aside from
overseeing in room satellite TV program and internet
service

Hotel Operation
a. Hotel Manager - very much like the manager of a land-
based hotel with a specialized understanding of a cruise
experience and the prime area of responsibility guest
satisfaction and comfort
b. Purser - he is similar to an assistant manager who
attend operational issues like passenger accounts mail,
messages, printing, storing of valuables and
immigration and costume requirement
c. Shore Excursion Manager - orchestrated the operation
and booking of port based packaged like port excursion
d. Cruise Director - coordinates all entertainment and
informational activities that takes place as part of the
cruise experience
e. Executive Chef - controls the preparation and serving of
food and beverages
f. Head Housekeeper / Chief Steward - manages all state
room, public space and other shipboard cleaning
g. Food and Beverage Manager - overseas the serving of
meal and drinks
Land – based Operation - one small cruise line has fewer
than 100 off ship employee while the huge ones have
thousands of employees. To serve passengers needs better,
they have contracted independent concessioners,
contractors, or vendors- this is often true with shore
excursion tour operators, onboard entertainer groups,
onboard lecturers and port operation staff

Other Independent Contractors

a. Casino Workers
b. Beauty Salon Worker
c. Photographer
d. Shop Sales people
e. Spa Staff
f. Aerobics instructor
g. Masseuses
Travel Agencies - an integral part of the cruise process. They
are cruise experts who decide which cruise is the right one
of the particular person though analyzes and proper advices.
Job Positions in the Cruise Ship;

 Food and Beverage

a. Baker
b. Bar Back
c. Bar Manager
d. Bar Tender
e. Buffet Server
f. Butcher
g. Busboys
h. Chef de Partie
i. Cocktail Server
j. Dining Room Head Waiter
k. Executive Chef
l. Food and Beverage Manager
m. General Cook
n. Pastry Chef
o. Sous Chef
p. Wine Steward

 Purser
a. Chief Purser
b. Purser Staff

 Housekeeping
a. Cabin Steward / Stewardess
b. Chief Cabin Steward
c. Chief Steward / Housekeeper
d. Laundry Staff
  Hotel Administration
a. Accountant
b. Bellman
c. Children Activity Staff
d. Computer System Manager / IT
e. Cruise Director
f. Entertainers
g. Gift Shop Manager
h. Hotel Manager
i. IT Staff
j. Photographer
k. Program Coordinator
l. Receptionist
m. Shore Excursion Staff
n. Sport Personnel

 Personnel Care and Shipboard Medical Department

a. Beauty Therapist
b. Fitness Instructor
c. Hair Stylist
d. Manicurist
e. MassageTherapist
f. Nurse
g. Physician
h. SpaAttendant
Worst Cruise Ship Accident

 Titanic – Hit an Iceberg where 1,500 passenger dies

 MV Wilhem Gustloff – the deadliest maritime disaster I
history wasn’t exactly an accident. This vessel was built
as a cruise ship for Nazi Geramany’s state-operated
tourism organization, yet later served as a hospital ship
fro the German Navy and floating barracks. By January
30, 1945, the German were losing World War and
Russia’s army was closing in. on the winter morning.
10,582 people were packed onto a boat designed to
carry 1900. The passengers included Nazi officers,
wounded soldiers, and a thousand of civilians, many of
whom were children. A Russian submarine saw the
Gustloff, which was moving slowly and wasn’t marked
as a hospital boat, and shot 3 torpedoes at it. Many of
the lifeboat were frozen to the deck anf there would have
been enough to save the 10,000 plu people onboard.
More than 9000 passengers died in the icy waters, obver
six times as many as passengers who perished in
Tiatanin
 Costa Concordia – Ran aground on a reef off coast of
Italy and tipped over in 2012 where 32 passengers died
and 64 was injured and one was missing in January
2012
 S.S Eastland – Tipped Over at Port – was also not
technically a cruise ship, but was hosting more 2500
passengers for Western Electric employee picnic. The
shipped tipped over while it ws still at the edge of the
wharf, though it isn’t clear why . over 800 people died in
the accident.
 Seabourn Spirits – Attacked By Pirates – in 2015, the
cruise ship was attacked by pirates off the coast of
 Somalia. Two boats of pirates approached the ship and
fired machine guns and grenades. The ship captain was
able to outrun them, and thankfully only one person on
board was injured. The ship made it to port to repair the
damage from the grenade
 Royal Pacific – Collide with Fishing Trawler – in 1992, the
vessel collide with a Taiwanese fishing trawler due to
poor visibility. The co in the middle of the night. The
collision caused the cruise ship to sink, 30 of the 530
passenger died
 Star Princes – Fire On Ship – 1n 2006, a fire broke out on
the vessel while en route to Jamaica. 300 rooms were
damged, 13 people had to be treated for smoke
inhalation, and one of the persons died of heart attack.
The cause of the fire was a discarded cigarette
 MTS Oceanos – San Due to Neglegence – the ship was
carrying 571 passengers on a short cruise from London
to Durban, South Africa. The ship had been neglected
and badly needed repair, but it sailed anyway,. It sank
because of a hole in the bulkhead. The captain
abandoned ship without even bothering to send a
distress call, but thankfully and entertainer named Moss
Hills pit an SOS and successfully evacuated everyone
on board
 Carnival Truimph – No Working Toilket – this is the
infamous poop cruise that you have heard about in
2013. A fire in one of theengines left the ship without
power for 4 days, that meant no airconditioning or
working toilets, so bags of waste lpied up on the decks.
Documents surfaced later showing that the cruise
 company knew an engine fire was a likely possibility,
but the ship set sail anyway
 Pacific Sun – Violent Storm – in 2008, this New Zealand
cruise ship encountered a violent storm with a 25 foot
wave and 50 knots wind when it was on its way home.
Passengers were thrown from the side of the ship to the
others and gambling machines fell over on top of the
people. At least 42 people were injured, several with a
broken bones. The ship arrived safely 24 hours after it
was supposed to dock
 Louis Majesty – Roque Waves – while it was on its way to
Genoa, Italy, this cruise ship was hit in the Mediterrnean
Sea with 3 roque waves which were 26 feet high. The
waves broke windows at the front of the ship and
caused minor flooding. 2 passngers were killed and
several were injured
 Celebrity Mercury – Norovirus Outbreak – in February
2010, 413 passengers on board became sick with
stomach flu caused by norovirus. Between 2010 and
2015, Celebrity Cruise had 15 of these outbreaks
 Carnival Splendor – in November 2010, the vessel lost
power because of a fire in one of its engines. It had to be
towed to San Diego, which took three days. For that
time, there was no air conditioning and no refrigeration ,
so passengers had to eat eat food rations from the US
Navy
 Explorer of the Seas – Record Number of Sick People – in
January 2014, the Royal Caribbean vessel returned two
days early because it had so many sick passengers. In
fact, according to CDC, it was a record number of sick
 people on a cruise – 630 passengers anf 54 workers.
Some passengers said the number was probably higher
than that since many people didn’t report their illness
because they didn’t want to be confined o their cabins.
Norovirus was the likely culprit of the outbreak
 MS Black Watch – Death From Legionnaires Disease –in
2017, a Fred Olsen ended early to prevent the spread of
potentially deadly bacteria onboard. Robert Heath fell ill
the day after he returned home from the cruise and even
though he was prescribed antibiotic by his doctor, he
died a few days later. A lawsuit alleged that the cruise
line exposed Heath to the virus. The suit was settled for
$100.000
 Norwegian Dawn – Cabins Flooded – in April 2005, a
roque 70 foot wave hit this vessel, smashing windows
and flooding 62 cabins. There were no serious injuries.
The ship encountered stormy weather on its way back to
New York City from Bahamas. About 300 passengers
choose to get off early in Charleston.
Deadliest Sea Disaster in the Philippines

 MV Dona Paz – Collision with Oil Tanker MV Victor –

Dona Paz on the way to Manila from Leyte collided with
the tanker carrying 8000 of gasoline and other
petroleum causing the death of 4375 passengers. What
make the tragedy even more tragic was the fact that Mv
Dona Paz of Sulpicio Lines, which used to carry 600
passengers during its Japanese debut hauled in over
4000 passengers and was therefore extremely
overloaded. Making matters worst, maritime authorities
 went on rescue only after 16 hours from the accident.
Many of those who died were not listed in the manifest
 Princess of the Star – in spite of typhoon Frank ravaging
the country making landfall in Samar, this Sulpicio
flagship vessel sail from Manila to Cebu. Big mistake,
the typhoon caught up with the Japanese- made vessel I
the coast of San Fernando, Romblon. It took months
before many of the bodies were recovered as it was
discovered the ship was carrying 10,000 kilos of
dangerous pesticide Endosulfan
 MV Thomas Aquinas – Collision with Sulpicio’s Express
7 – MV Thomas Aquinas collided with the cargo vessel
which cause the ship to sink within 30 minutes in Cebu
 Princess of the Orient – owned by Sulpicio Lines carrying
388 passengers sank off Fortune Island in Batangas.
The ship sailed inspite of a typhoon
 Superferry 14 – on the 27 of February, 2004, Superferry
14 was sunk due to the bomb explosion believed to be
the hardwork of a terrorist group

Benefits of Working on a Cruise

a. To see the world for free and get paid for it.
b. Access to gratuities – mostly F and B and Cabin
Stewards.
c. Free board and lodging onboard the ship.
d. Chance to meet interesting passengers of the world.
Disadvantage of working on a cruise
a. Daily working hours are long and often split –shift (6am
to 3pm, 2pm to 11pm), usually 6 to 7 times a week.
b. Salaries are relatively high for officers and seniors staff,
others paid below minimum wage.
c. Little job security and few worker rights.
d. Accommodation is tight and Spartan, officer gets private
cabin but most of the crew members sleep two, three or
four to a room.
Job Position on a cruise ship – job opportunities awaits a
English-speaking person as they occupy staff position

The Biggest Cruise Ship in the World

1. Symphony of the Seas – 228,081GT, length- 1, 188 FT,
5518 pax
2. Harmony of the Seas – 227, 500 GT, 155.6 FT, 5480 pax
3. Allure of the Seas – 225, 282 GT, 1,187 FT., 5400 pax
4. Oasis of the Seas – 225, 282 GT, 1, 186 FT, 5400 pax
5. Ovation of the Seas – 168, 666 GT, 1,141 FT, 4180 pax
Anthem of the Seas – 168, 666 GT, 1, 141 FT, 4180 pax
6. Norwegian Bliss – 228, 081 GT, 1,094 FT, 4004 pax
7. Quantum of the Seas – 167, 800 GT, 1, 139 FT, 4180 pax
8. Norwegian Joy – 167, 725 GT, 1,094 FT, 3,883 pax
9. MSC Meraviglia - 167, 600 GT, 1,036 FT, 4500 pax
10. Norwegian Escape – 164, 600 GT, 1.098 FT, 4200 pax
The Cruise Line

Carnival Cruise Lines

 Carnival Cruise Lines has earned its position as the world largest ( in number of
ships and passenger ) by offering what customer desire in a vacation – a wide
variety onboard dining, entertainment and activity
choices; a fun, relaxed atmosphere; outstanding value;
beautiful and exciting destinations.

 Carnival dining features everything from multicourse meals

to 24 hours pizzerias, dazzling Las Vegas-style
entertainment, casinos, duty free shops, “ Nautical Spa “
health and fitness facilities and “ Camp Carnival “, a
complimentary children’s program. And Carnival is confident enough in its
product that it offers cruising’s only vacation guarantee program.

Hallmark Features

 Carnival’s “ FunShips “ offer a cruise vacation experience that appeals to a broad

cross section of people of a variety of ages and backgrounds

 Wide choice of itineraries from 3 to 16 days

 Total Choice Dining, which includes casual dining and a 24 hours pizzeria

 Innovative cruise vacation offering on four, five and eight day cruises

 Supervised year-round Camp Carnival Program for young cruisers 2 to 5 years of

age.

FLEET

Carnival Breeze Carnival Legend

 Carnival Conquest Carnival Liberty

Carnival Destiny Carnival Magic

Carnival Dream Carnival Miracle

Carnival Elation Carnival Paradise

Carnival Fantasy Carnival Pride

Carnival Fascination Carnival Sensation

Carnival Freedom Carnival Spirit

Carnival Glory Carnival Splendor

Carnival Imagination Carnival Triumphal

Carnival inspiration Carnival Valor

Carnival Victory

Carnival Fascination Carnival Fantasy

______________
______________
______________
___________________

Celebrity Cruise

 Celebrity cruise offers a premium experience that appeal to couples and families.
Its target audience is adult 35 to 60, with household income of $60,000 plus.
Celebrity Cruise trends to attract experienced travelers who appreciate quality
and desire a premium vacation experience that is superior, inviting and
engaging.
Hallmark Features

 Exotic and Inviting Itineraries

 Gorgeous, Luxurious Ships
 High-tech features onboard its contemporary looking vessel
 Gourmet cuisine
 Aqua spa facility

Costa Cruise

 Costa, Europe’s number one cruise line, offers 199 sailing, with 51 different
itineraries ranging in length from 5 to 17 nights. Guests enjoy a YES European
experience throughout the Mediterranean, North Cape /Fjords, Baltic, and
Russia, and Transatlantic.
 Costa feature the youngest fleet in Europe abroad eight Italian inspired ships the
Costa Allegra, Costa Atlantica, Costa Europa, Costa Classica, Costa
Mediterranean, Costa Romantica, Costa Tropicale, and Costa Victoria. Costa also
cruises the Caribbean, “Italian style” with plenty of sun, fun and an Italian week
of unforgettable enjoyment.

Hallmark Features

 Italian Style Cruising

 Europe’s number one cruise line
 Italian inspired ships
 YES European Experience
 Andiamo Advance Purchase Discount Rate

Costa Cruise

FLEET

Costa Classica Costa Magica

Costa Atlantica Costa Luminosa

Costa Deliziosa Costa Mediterranea

 Costa Fascinosa Costa Pacifica

Costa Favolosa Costa Romantica

Costa Fortuna Costa Serena

Costa Victiria Costa Voyager

Costa Classica Costa Pacifica

_____________________________________________________________

Crystal Cruises

 Crystal Cruises is the recipient of many of the travel industry’s highest awards,
including ‘World Best” Cruise Line (96,’97,’98,’99,’00,’01) and “Best Large ship
Line” (96,’97,’98,’99,’00) in Travel and Leisure and Conde Nast Traveler surveys,
respectively.
 Its vessels, Crystal Harmony and Symphony, feature elegantly appointed
staterooms (most with private verandas), an array of dining options (Italian and
Asian alternative restaurants, as well a casual dining in the Trident Bar on
designated nights), award winning entertainment, a lavish Crystal spa and Salon
adhering to FengShui Principles, extensive exercise and sports facilities and
instruction, and the only Caesars Palace at Sea Casino.

FLEET

Crystal Serenity

Crystal Symphony

Crystal Serenity Crystal Symphony

Cunard Line

 Cunard Line proudly continues its tradition of luxury cruising that began in 1840.
Today its flagship, Queen Elizabeth 2, is the world’s most famous ship and the
greatest liner of her time. She maintains the legacy of her Cunard and White Star
predecessors in providing a definitive annual World Cruise and the only
scheduled transatlantic line service.

 QE2 is known for its traditional British elegance, superb White Star Service,
Gourment cuisine, and accommodations that have secured Cunard’s reputation.
QE2 is joined by another classic liner, Coronia, which also delivers an elegant Old
World cruising experience in the UK market.

 Queen Mary 2, the world’s biggest, longest widest, and most expensive cruise ship
ever built, joint the fleet in January 2004 and an as yet unnamed new ship will
be added in January 2005.

 Cunard caters to sophisticated, well – seasoned travelers who enjoy the finer
things in life. The classic liners attract guest who want to reclaim the legacy of
luxury travel without sacrificing modern luxuries

Hallmark Feature

 Queen Mary 2 will be the biggest, longest, widest, and most expensive ship
ever built.
 Transatlantic Crossing: Queen Elizabeth 2 is the only ship currently offering
regular transatlantic crossing. Each crossing is highlighted with a theme.
 Cunard chefs combined seasonal and regional ingredients from worldwide
itineraries.
 Illumination Enrichment Program: Guest expert from the fief of journalism,
literature, academia, and the diplomatic corps are abroad every sailing.
 Around the World in 107 Days: Cunard’s annual World Cruise typically visits
more than 30 ports of call in 23 countries.

FLEET

Queen Elizabeth 1 and 2

Queen Victoria 1

Queen Mary 2

Queen Elizabeth 1 Queen Elizabeth 2

Disney Cruise Line

 As the first owned and operated cruise line by the dream makers at Disney,
Disney Cruise Line specially designed its ships areas and activities that appeal to
the unique vacation needs of every member of the family. As a result, Disney
Cruise Line vacation offer guest a distinctive cruise experience not found
anywhere else.
 The Disney Magic cruise ship alternates each week between a Western Caribbean
itinerary and an Eastern Caribbean route. The Disney Wonder offers one of kind
land and sea vacations that combined the fun and excitement of the Walt Disney
World Resort with a three or four night Disney Cruise Line voyage to the
Bahamas.

Hallmark Feature

 Castaway cay – Disney’s private Bahamian island

 Entertainment – original Disney Musicals and family activities
 Age specific programming – children’s, teens, and adults
 Rotation dining
 Seamless land and sea vacation, as well as the new seven – night Western
Caribbean itinerary.

FLEET

Disney Magic

Disney Wonder

Disney Dream

Disney Fantasy – Latest

Disney Magic
Disney Wonder
FIRST EUROPEAN CRUISES

 Highly regarded in Europe for its spotless ships, superior food, and interesting and
unusual destination, First European Cruises is successfully attracting America
passengers, who now average about 15% of its overall passenger mix, just five
years after the line’s introduction to the U.S market.

 The company specialized in creative itineraries (mostly from 7 to 4 nights) that

cover much European and its neighboring countries around the Mediterranean
and winter cruises in the deep Caribbean.

 The ambiance aboard its ships is casual, with a sophisticated European flair,
drawing passengers from throughout the European Union. Three new ships
signal and signal a significant commitment to European-style cruising and the
young company continue to expand rapidly, with two new ships planned for
introduction soon.

Hallmark Feature

 Beautiful new ships

 European atmosphere
 Outstanding food and services
 Excellent itineraries
 Great value

FLEET

MsAzur Ms Caribe

MsFlamerico Ms European

Ms Evergreen Stem

Ms Caribe Ms European
Fred. Olsen Cruise Line

 Fred. Olsen Cruise Line, based in the United Kingdom, is a tradition European line
with over 150 years of experience. Norwegian officers and British cruise staff
ensure a friendly, personalized cruise atmosphere, which has created a very loyal
following.
 The line appeals to mature to travelers (50 years plus), primarily British, who are
likely to be professional/corporate retirees.

Hallmark Features

 Unusual ports of call, often with overnights

 Cruises usually entail two days to sea per week
 Evenings on board and black tie formal event
 No or very few announcement on the P.A system
 Excellent entertainment

FLEET

Balmorals Boudicca

Black watch Brae mere

Balmorals Boudicca

_____________________________________________________________

Holland American Line

 Holland America Line – a company that has been in business for over 130 years
feature 11 five star ships offering premium cruise to more than 250 destination
around the world. Holland America delivers gracious and attentive service in
stylish, spacious comfort while providing delightful discoveries world wild. Holland
America delivers extraordinary vacations for its guest.
 As a leader in long cruises (10 days or longer), Holland America offers an
unusually broad selection of destination choices, on all 7 continents, with cruises
from 7 to 108 days in length. Holland America has been given the “Best Cruise
Value” award from World Ocean and Cruise Liner Society and is consistently rated
among the world’s best cruise lines in Conde Nast Traveler’s Readers' choice
survey and travel Leisure magazine’s World Best awards.

 High Tech Feature On Broad Its Contemporary Looking Vessels

 Gourment Cuisine
 Aqua Spa facilities

FLEET

Infinity – 7 Summit – 11

Eclipse – 3 Century – 2

Solitude – 10 Millennium – 6

Reflection – 8 Equinoxes – 4

Silhouette – 9 Constellations–1
Summit
Infinity
Expedition – 5

_____________________________________________________________

MSC ITALIAN CRUISE

 MSC Italian Cruise brings gracious Italian service, hospitality, and cuisine, with Old
World refinements, to worldwide Cruising. Its unique itineraries feature both
popular as well as unusual cultural destinations are targeted to the mature,
experienced traveler, along with families and honeymooners.

 A fleet of three classic cruise ships will be expanded with two medium sized
(1,600 pax), new –build ships to be soon delivered.

HALLMARK FEATURES
  Italian staff and service
 Unique itineraries
 Value pricing
 Classic style and larger cabins
 Personalized service

FLEET

MSC Armonia MSC Poesia

MSC Divine MSC Opera

MSC Fantasia MSC Mureca

MSC Lereca MSC Melody

MSC Armonia
MSC Magnifica MSC Opera

_____________________________________________________________

NORWEGIAN CRUISE LINE

 Miami based Norwegian Cruise Line (NCL) is an international cruise company and
industry innovator operating nine ships sailing to 140 ports around the world.
Designed to meet the changing needs of today’s passengers, NCL’s “Freestyle
Cruising” challenges the traditional cruise model by offering guest a more relaxed
resort-style experience with complete flexibility and nonintrusive service.

 It offers unprecedented dining freedom: there is no assigned meal times or tables.

Restaurants features open seating and extended hours of operation. Guest is
free to dine whenever they want, with whom they want.

 The shipboard dress code “resort casual” and formal nights have been eliminated.
NCL’s Homeland Cruising program offers cruises to Alaska, the Bahamas,
Bermuda, and the Caribbean, departing round trip from close to Home U.S ports.

HALLMARK FEATURE
  Freestyle Cruising: All NCL ships (except for the classic S/S Norway) offer
Freestyle Cruising in Dining attire, service, and even gratuities.

 Homeland Cruises: Each NCL ship (with the exception of Norwegian Dream)
cruising to the most popular ports in Alaska, the Bahamas, Bermuda, the
Caribbean, and the Hawaii from close to home ports.

 Its newest vessels features up to 10 restaurants, two-level spa and fitness

facilities, dedicated facilities for kids, an internet café, and even a chapel.

 New York Cruises: Norwegian Dawn offers seven day cruise from New York to the
Bahamas and Florida.

 Garden Villas: Featured on several new vessels, each of these exclusive suites
features large dining room, three bedrooms, an entertainment center, and
luxurious bath with a whirlpool tub and a separate shower.

FLEET

Norwegian Breakaways Norwegian Jewel

Norwegian Dawn Norwegian Pearl

Norwegian Epic Norwegian Sky

Norwegian Gem Norwegian Spirit

Norwegian Breakaways Norwegian Jade Norwegian

Norwegian Jewel

_____________________________________________________________

NORWEGIAN COASTAL VOYAGE INC

 Norwegian Coastal Voyager has traveled the spectacular west coast of Norway for
more than 100 years, carrying passengers as well as freight and cargo on what is
called “the World’s Most Beautiful Voyage.” Guess enjoy 1,250 miles of
captivating, fjord-filled landscape. Majestic fjord, snowcapped mountains, sea
 eagles, and reindeer are all part of the cruise as the ships call on 34 amazing
ports each way, from the Bergen in the south, across the Arctic Circle in the
north, to kirkenes near the Russia board, or vice versa. Shore excursion,
sightseeing opportunities, and land packages are available in conjunction with
the voyage.

 NCV also offers once in a lifetime Expedition Voyage to Spitsbergen, Greenland,

Antarctica, and the Chilean fjords. These areas of the world offer magnificent
mountains, fjords, and an abundance of wildlife, Zodiac landing, expedition
guide, and lectures, which create an intimate learning experience. All programs
are perfect for the well-educated, mature, and seasoned traveler who is looking
for multicultural experiences.

HALLMARK FEATURES

 Senior Saving on most Norwegian Coastal sailings

 AARP member discounts
 Three brand new Millennium ships, with swimming pools, Internet Cafes, and
suites with balconies, and Jacuzzis
 Mother Nature – no casinos or showgirls, casual ambiance
 Multinational passengers – opportunities for cultural exchanges and
experiences

FLEET

Ms Finn Marker MsNordkapp

Ms Kong Harald MsNordworge

MsLofatin MsNordstjernin

MsMidnaticel Ms Richard With

MsNordelys MsTroliffjord

MsVisteralen

Ms Kong Harald MsNordkapp

OCEANIA CRUISES

 Oceania Cruises was formed in 2002 by cruise industry veterans Frank Del Rio and
Joe Watters. Fine cuisine, inventive itineraries, and excellent value define
Oceania Cruises five star product and Position Company to appeal to traditional
premium and luxury category cruisers.
 The on boarded atmosphere is relaxed and reminiscent of the casual elegance of a
country club. Tuxedos and gowns are never requirement for dining, so guest can
dress and enjoy the evening comfortably. The overall feeling is the one that is
never stuffy and is void of any pretension.
 Guest enjoys the flexibility of four open-seating restaurants; they dine when,
where, and with whom they choose. Oceania Cruises’ 5 star menus are crafted
under the meticulously watchful eye of renowned master chef Jacques Pepin. It’s
executive Culinary Director. Host of numerous public television series, he is one
of America’s best known chefs, food columnists, and cookbook authors. He also
served as the personal chef to no less than three French heads of state,
including Charles de Gaulle.
 Oceania Cruises’ two intimate and luxurious 684 passengers’ ships, regatta and
Insignia, feature private butler service. Itineraries have been tailored on include
many overnight port stays, allowing passengers to immerse themselves in the
history, culture, and local flavor of the region.

HALLMARK FEATURE

 One of the highest staff to guest ratios in the industry

 Smaller sized, luxury ships carrying just 684 guest
 destination focused itineraries, many with overnight stays in the “star” ports
 A very comprehensive lecture and enrichment program at the sea
 Excellent value in luxury cruising

FLEET

REGATTA CLASS

Ms Regatta

MsNautica

Ms Marina

Ms Riviera
Ms Regatta Ms Marina
ORIENT LINES

 Miami – based Orient Lines is the cruise industry’s destination specialist, offering
passengers an in depth experience through extended land and sea journeys to
sought after destinations around the globe. It offers Cruise Tours of 7 to 40 days
to over 140 different ports on all seven continents. Cruise Tour itineraries include
first class hotel stays and sightseeing in embarkation/disembarkation cities,
detailed briefings on upcoming ports, imaginative shore, excursion, and whatever
possible, presentation of native culture, dance, and music by local performers.
Orient Lines cruise schedules are carefully designed to allow for longer daytime
stays and frequent overnight visits in of call.

HALLMARK FEATURE

 Destination-intensive: Cruise Tours offers extended journeys to ports of call across

the world, from small, intimate venues to world famous cities.
 Cruise Tour Itineraries: Cruise Tour Combine Ocean voyages with first class hotel
stay and sightseeing in embarkation/disembarkation cities.
 In –depth European schedule: Extensive itineraries in the summer to the Greek
isles, the Mediterranean, and Scandinavia.
 Grand Voyages: Grand Voyage sails through legendary waterways and also offer
two day stays in exotic cities across the globe.
 Guest Lectures: Exotic itineraries feature distinguished experts from politics,
science, diplomacy, and journalism.

FLEET:

Marco Polo

Crown Odyssey

Marco Polo 2

Marco Polo
Crown Odyssey
PRINCESS CRUISES

 Princess Cruises operates a fleet of 11 ships on nearly 150 different itineraries

calling at nearly 260 ports around the globe. Princess known for its Personal
choice Cruising Programs, a fleet wide dedication to providing passengers with a
variety of options with which to customize their vacations. The line’s ships are
designed to offer an array of choices in dining, entertainment and amenities.

 Princess itineraries span the globe, with cruises range from 7 to 72 days length.
Destination includes the Caribbean, Alaska, Panama, Canal, Mexico, South
Pacific, South America, Hawaii/Tahiti, Asia, Holy Land, Canada/New England,
Bermuda, Antarctica, and world voyages.

 Princess owns five Alaskan river site wilderness lodges, plus a fleet of ultra dome
railcars and luxury motor coaches, which take passengers through the heart of
the 49th state. Princess traditionally operates cruise tours in China, Australia,
Africa, India, Europe, the Canadian Rockies, and the eastern United States.

HALLMARK FEATURE

 Personal Choice Dining – choice of anytime of traditional dining

 Worldwide itineraries on the largest and newest ships
 New and amenity filled ships on the West Coast – Alaska and Mexico

FLEET

GRAND CLASS

Grand Princess – Largest and most expensive ship built in 1998. 107,517 ton and a
passenger capacity or 2,600 and 1,150 crew.

Golden Princess – 108,977 tons and passenger capacity of 2, 6001 and 1,150.

Starr Princess – 108,977 tons and passenger capacity of 2, 670 and 1,110.

Sapphire Princess – 115,875 tons and passenger capacity of 2,670and 1,110.

Caribbean Princess - 112,894 tons and passenger capacity of 3,080 and 1,200 crews

Emerald Princess – 113, 561 tons and a passenger capacity of 3,080 and 1,200 crew.
 Ruby Princess – 113,561 tons and a passenger capacity of 3,080 and 1,200 crew.

Coral Class – have passenger capacity of 1970 passenger and 895 crews

Golden Princess Grand Princess

 Coral Princess - 91,672 tons

 Island Princes - 91.627 to

Sun Class – Have a passenger capacity of 1990 passenger and 373 crew

 Dawn Princess - 77,499 tons

 Sea Princess - 77,690 tons

R Class – have a passenger capacity of 680 passengers and 373 crews

 Ocean Princess - 30,277 tons

 Pacific Princess - 30,277 tons

FUTURE SHIPS

 Royal Princess – Largest Princess cruises, largest ship so far built, 141,100 tons
with passenger capacity of 3,600 and 1,400 crew Due on June 2013
 Regal Princess – 141,000 tons with passenger capacity of 3,600 and 1,400 crew
Due on 2014

RADISSON SEVEN SEAS CRUISES

  Radisson seven seas cruises deliver consistent quality, service and value over a
diverse range of unique luxury cruise experiences. Its fleet of six award-winning
ships provides a unique blend of product of experiences, with cruise destination
around the world. Its ships visit over 30 ports on six continents, cruises vary
from 4 to 108 nights in length.
 By offering a higher percentage of private balconies than any cruise line (including
the only two all-suites/all balcony ships in the world.) its offer guest the
unlimited luxury in cruising; personal space. With vessel carrying only 180-700
guests, guest never feels crowded. Open-sitting with dining and superb cuisine is
offered throughout, always with a choice of dining venue. Radisson seven seas
cruise offers excellent value in luxury cruising, not only in pricing. Gratuities,
wine with dinner, soft drinks, and juices are always included in the fare.

HALLMARK FEATURE

 Higher percentage of balconies than any other cruise line

 Among the highest space-to-guest ratios in the industry
 Among the highest crew-to-guest ratios in the industry
 Smaller sized ships (180 to700 guest)
 Great value in luxury cruising; great practicing, gratuities included, wine with
dinner, in state room bar and soft drinks.

FLEET

Paul Gauguin Seven Seas Navigator

Seven Seas Mariner Seven Sea Voyager

Explorer

Seven Seas voyager

Seven Seas Mariner
ROYAL CARIBBEAN INTERNATIONAL

 Royal Caribbean international typically appeals to couples and singles in their 30s to
50s, as well as family vacationers. The median age is low 40s, slightly lower on
three and four-night cruise and slightly higher or longer cruises of ten or more
nights. RCI guest are active travelers looking for an affordable, cost effective
vacation that’s fun, relaxing and define.

HALLMARK FEATURE

 State-of-the-art ship and amenities

 Exciting itineraries
 Great youth programs
 Active amenities (e.g., rock climbing wall, in-line-skating, etc.)
 Great customer service

OASIS CLASS

 Onboard Royal Caribbean International, innovation and imagination rule supreme

– and never has it been truer than on our groundbreaking Oasis class ships. Each
features seven incredible neighborhoods, packed with first at the sea experience:
the Oceanside Aqua Theater, Starbucks, Broadway hit musicals Chicago and
hairspray, 3D movie theater, zip line, designer shopping at Coach and GUESS
stores, and much more. There’s something for everyone to designer on the most
awe-inspiring ships the world has ever seen.

SHIPS FROM THE OASIS CLASS

 ALLURE OF THE SEAS

 OASIS OF THE SEAS

FREEDOM CLASS

 Freedom class – ships that ensure you’ll never run out of things to do. Hang ten
on the flow Rider, or ice skate, rock climb, and mini golf. Make a splash in the
H2O Zone water park with water guns and interactive geysers. Or simply relax in
whirlpools extending 12 feet beyond the sides of the ships. Plus, check out new
features on Freedom of the Seas and Liberty of the Seas – Including the Dream
Works Experience, outdoor movie screen, 3D movie theater, and more.

SHIPS FROM THE FREEDOM CLASS

 FREEDOM OF THE SEAS

  LIBERTY OF THE SEAS
 INDEPENDENCE OF THE SEAS

VOYAGER CLASS

 Voyager class of ships introduced a packed lineup of signature innovation that

gust love. Climb the rock wall 200 feet above the ocean. Ice skate on the first
ever rink at sea. Or immerse yourself in the sight and sounds of the Main Street
Royal Promenade, perfect for people watching, designer shopping, and a cold
pint at the British style pub. You’ll never be at a loss for new on boarder
experience.

SHIPS FROM THE VOYAGER CLASS

 NAVIGATOR OF THE SEAS

 ADVENTURE OF THE SEAS
 VOYAGER OF THE SEAS
 EXPLORER OF THE SEAS
 MARINES OF THE SEAS

RADIANCE CLASS

 Radiance class to let the sights of the sea be star. Every ship has soaring, sunlit
spaces, glass elevators the ocean, and more balconies than you’d ever imagine –
plus a Solarium pool surrounded by lush tropical foliage. Try your hand t mini
golf, rock climbing, or a round of pool on the first self-leveling pools tables at the
sea. And on the newly renovated Radiance of the Seas, enjoy new food and
drink venues, an outdoor movie screen, and nursery new features.

SHIP FROM THE RADIANCE CLASS

 SERENADE OF THE SEAS

 BRILLIANCE OF THE SEAS
 RADIANCE OF THE SEAS
 JEWEL OF THE SEAS

VISION CLASS

 Vision Class ships can take your curiosity just about anywhere. Spend an
afternoon by the pool at the adult only Solarium, complete with retractable roof.
Or fine your next great adventure at the bungee trampoline, rock climbing wall,
 and mini golf course. When the sun goes down, enjoy the fine dining and a
Broadway style show. On splendour of the Seas this fall, exciting new renovation
bring even more to love onboard, including 100 new balconies, an outdoor movie
screen, and an array of new dining options.

SHIPS FROM THE VISION CLASS

 VISION OF THE SEAS

 GRANDEUR OF THE SEAS
 RHAPSODY OF THE SEAS
 SPLENDOUR OF THE SEAS
 ENCHANTMENT OF THE SEAS
 LEGEND OF THE SEAS

Sovereign Class

 Sovereign class of ships is designed for the shorter getaways – but there’s
shortage of thing to do onboard. From the Vitality spa and state of the art fitness
center, to the Casino Royale and Broadway style show, each day promises both
relaxation and excitement. Majesty of the Seas ad Monarch of the Seas boast our
signature rock climbing wall, whirlpools, pools, basketball court, fine dining round
the clock, and imaginatively themed nightlife venues. When time is short, there’s
no better way to treat yourself to the Royal Caribbean cruise experience.

Ships from the Sovereign Class

 Majesty of the Seas

 Monarch of the Seas

Royal Olympic Cruises

 Royal Olympic cruses is the largest cruise line in Eastern Mediterranean and one of
the world’s leading international cruise lines. With decades of cruise experience,
Royal Olympic cruises provided distinctive, destination-focused itineraries and an
extensive on board cultural enrichment program.

 All at an economical value with the highest level of Greek hospitality and service.
Fine art style entertainment, from classical music concert to enrichment
programs by the guest lecturers, in a signature of Royal Olympic, so too, is
“Greek night” celebrating the music and dancing of the Greece and its island.

Hallmark Features
  Seven midsized ships
 Olympic voyager and Olympic explorer-fastest cruise ship in the world
 Guest lecturers and enrichment program
 Innovative cruise itineraries
 Greek hospitality

Seabourn Cruise Line

 The yachts and sea bourn provide the ultimate in the small ship, ultra luxury
cruise vacation to the most down the earth desirable destination. The
intimate, all-suite sea bourn pride, spirits and legend each carry a maximum
of 208 guest and nearly the same number of skilled and dedicated staff,
providing and remarkable level of personalized service. Any suites have
balconies.

 Superb cuisine created by celebrity chef CHARLIE PALMER, is served in an

open sitting restaurant, in suites, and at the casual indoor/outdoor Veranda
Café. Signature Delights add value for all guest; complementary wines and
spirits; free Massage Moment on deck; Dress Circle enrichment speaker;
Movies under the star; water sport from unique, foldout marina, and free
exclusively sea bourn shore side experiences on each cruise.

 Because its intimate ships carry fewer guests and go where many larger ships
cannot, sea bourn delivers privileged, in-depth destination experiences.
Optional signature series and adventure collection shore excursions provide a
virtual backstage pass to the world.

Hallmark Features

 Intimate, yacht like ships, just 200 guests, friendly, uncrowned , and sociable
 Uncompromising luxury-from French champagne to caviar in the surf, sea
bourn loaded with extras
 Sumptuous suites and only suites, 27 square feet larger, many with balconies
 Superb cuisine that gourmet magazine called “consistently excellent”
 Worldwide destination, exotic ports, and cruises of 7 to 72 days

Silversea Cruises

 Silver sea’s fleet in purpose-built for ultra-luxury market, permitting its smaller,
intimate vessels to slip to more exotic ports off beaten part. The company’s elite
vessels are specifically designed for few guests, more space, and highest level of
 personalized service delivered by Italian officers and European staff. All ocean-
view suites, most with private veranda, and open-seating dining options so guest
dine when, where, and with whom they desire, add to the very special ambiance
created on-board.
 Silver sea vessels also incorporate the favorite amenities found on larger-the-
ships, such as an elaborate show lounge featuring nightly entertainment, casino,
spa, and state-of –the-art fitness facility.
 Silver sea is a favorite among modern, affluent travelers, with its all-inclusive
pricing and enhanced by partnerships with the world’s most respected luxury
brands.

Hallmark Features

 All-suites fleet and exotic worldwide destination

 An extremely inclusive product
 A rewarding loyalty program
 Caters to discerning guest (well-traveled, affluent, and well educated)
 Related world’s top cruise line and innovative pioneer in luxury cruising

SWAN HELLENIC

 Fifty years’ experience has made swan Hellenic a leader in discovery travel. Swan
Hellenic is best known for its effortless style of exploration, which delights its
passengers and encourages a high rate of repeat customers.
 The concept of discovery is a powerful ingredient is swan Hellenic’s recipe for
success. Its itineraries encompass some of the most charismatic places on earth,
visiting a variety of famous and lesser-known destinations allowing ample time to
experience the full flavor of different cultures, people, and places encountered
along the way. Guest speaker present a captivating range of introductory topics,
and the inclusive shore excursions are led by local guides. For these reasons,
Swan Hellenic appeals mature culture-seekers who are drawn to unusual or
exotic port destinations.
 Inclusive prices mean no hidden cost along the way. Swan Hellenic’s inclusive
fares cover flights from London or Manchester, as specified, transfer to and to
from the ship, accommodation, and all meals on board, including coffee and
 afternoon tea. The price also includes a choice of tailor-made excursion, with
entrance fees to place of interest and the service of guides. All tips on board and
ashore are also included, as are-airport and local taxes.

Hallmark Features

 Focus on learning, enrichment, and discovery, with many exotic ports

 Classically designed, intimately sized vessel. The Minerva
 Highly inclusive product

Hallmark Features

 A leader in worldwide premium vacations

 Renowned for long cruise (10+ days) around the world and attention to onboard
details
 Gracious and attentive service in stylish comfort
 Perfect for multigenerational costumers: family reunions, Club HAL for kids, and
spa and fitness programs and a range of dining options
 Great value for the price

FLEET

Amsterdam√ Dosterdam

Eurodam√ Prinsendam

Maardam Rotterdam

New Amsterdam Stantendam

Zurderdam Westerdam

Volendam Zaandam

AMSTERDAM EURODAM
 WORST CRUISE SHIP ACCIDENT

1. TITANIC
 Probably the worst maritime tragedy of all times, you cannot talk about ship
accidents without mentioning the ill-fated Cruise ship Titanic. On her maiden
voyage from Southampton, England to New York, USA, Titanic collide with an
iceberg after four days into sailing. The collision led to its sinking and resulted
in the death 1517 people in 1912.
2. ROYAL PACIFIC CRUISER
 The August of 1992 witnessed the sinking of Greek owned Royal Pacific after
a collision with a fishing trawler due to low visibility. The collision took place
when Royal Pacific was passing through the straits of Malacca and the fishing
trawler, Terfu 51 rammed into the cruise ship. Due to the sheer disregarded
of the crew to save the passengers as many as 30 people died and 70 people
were injured out of the 530 passengers on board.
3. COSTA CONCORDIA
 The most Recent Cruise ship involved in an accident which was grounded
near coast of Italy with 4000 passengers on board. For more information
read-Sinking of Costa Concordia Cruise ship Reminds Survivors of Titanic.
4. CLUB ROYALE
 a luxury Casino cruise ship, Club Royale gambled and lost the bet to a heavy
storm resulting in its sinking in August of 1995. The 234 feet vessels
succumbed to violent lashing of Hurricane Erin about 90 miles east of Port
Canaveral, Florida.
 Fortunately no passengers were on board during this tragedy but only 8 of
the 11 crew members were saved that day.
5. OCEANOS
 This Greek – owned ship sank off South-Africa’s eastern coast in 1991. The
rough sea conditions resulting in a tumultuous storm caused the ship to roll
from side to side and eventually water started to flood the vessels resulting in
its sinking. No one was killed and after a successful rescue mission all 571
passengers onboard the ship were saved.
6. PACIFIC SUN
 P&O owned Pacific sun was returning to Auckland from the islands of
Vanuatu when it runs into a tumultuous storm almost 400 miles north of New
Zealand. Although no deaths were reported more than people were injured
and hurt due to intense roiling of the ship which literally flung people from
one to another.
7. STAR PRINCESS
  Owned by Princess Cruise, a major fire broke on board Star Princess on the
23rd of March 2006. In the wee hours of morning the captain sounded the
emergency signal waking u the passengers, which was then followed by an
organized and successful evacuation procedure. No casualties were reported,
however the cause of the fire was found to be a cigarette which was left
burning on the balcony.
8. NORWEGIAN DAWN
 Norwegian Cruise Line’s Norwegian Dawn was on its way back to New York
after a trip to the Bahamas when the vessel was hit by a freak 70 foot high
wave. The cabins were flooded and people even one the 10th floor reported
getting due to the wave.

9. LOUIS MAJESTY
 Owned and operate by Louis Cruise Lines Louis Majesty is a luxury cruise ship
which reported getting hit by rough waves which claimed the life of two
passengers and injuring several others. The 8 meter high waves collided with
the side of the ship and flooded the vessel resulting in many smashed
windows in the saloon area.

The List of Busiest Cruise Ports

 Port of Miami
 Port Canaveral
 Port Everglade
 Port of Cozumel
 Port of Nassau
 Port Shanghai
 Port Barcelona
 Port of Out of Island- Bahamas
 Port of Civitavecchia - Italy
 Port of the Balearic Island - Spain
 Port of Galveston
 Port of George Twon
 Port of St Thomas
 Port of St. John
 Port of Phillipsburgg
 Port of Jamaica
 Port of New York
 Por of New Jersey
 Port of Southampton
 Port Of Marseille
 Port of Venice
 Port of Singapore
 Port of San Juan
 Port of Jeju – South Korea
 Port of Piraeus - Greece
 Port of Roatan - Honduras
 Port of Penang
 Port of Swetthentam - Malaysia
 Port of Juneau
 Port of Tampa
 Port of Costa Maya - Mexico
 Port of Seattle
 Port of Tenerife - Canary Island
 Port of Baseterre – Saint KITTS AND Nevis
 Port of Hakata
 Port Fukuoka
 Port of Ketchikan - Alaska
 Port of Naples
 Port of Genoa - Italy
 Port of Hongkong
 Port of Grand Turk Island
 Port of Keelung _ Taiwan
 Port of Naha - Okinawa
 Port of Savona - Italy
 Port of Copenhagen
 Port of Barbados
 Port of Vancouver
 Port of Valletta
 Port of Rostock-Warnermunde - Germany
 Port of Dubrovnik - Croatia
 Port of Corfu - Greece
 Port of Dubai
 Port of Los Angeles
 Port of Tunis
 Port of Hamburg
 Port of Kotor - Montenegro
 Port of Madeira
 Port of Saint Petersburg
 Port of Tallin
 Port of Malaga - Indonesia
 Port of Tianjin - China
 Port of Palm Beach
 Port of La Spezia - Italy
 Port of Bergen - Norway
 Port of Helsinki
 Port of Valencia
 Port of Gibraltar
 Port of Bari – Italy, gateway to Balkan Peninsula
 Port of Messina - Sicily
  Port of Boston
 Port of Quebec
 Port of Noumea
 Port of Ajaccio
 Port of Qingdao - China
 Port of Halifax
 Port of Oslo
 Port of Villefranche - Nice
 Port of Toulon- Var Provence - France
 Port of Cartagena - Colombia
 Port of Split - Croatia
 Port of Saint John, New Brunswick
 Port of Casablanca
 Port of Heraklion - Greece
 Port of Portland- Maine
 Port of Jacksonville
 Port of Monaco

What happens to Old Cruise Ships?

Cruise Ships have a lifetime of about 30 years. Eventually,
however ageing cruise ships become
a. Unseaworthy
b. Outdated or to expensive to operate
c. Sail off into their ultimate sunset
Passed Along – most cruise ships go with a whimper rather
than a bang. They are handed down from company to ever
more budget company, then on to a small –scale cruise
operations in countries such as Russia or Korea, or are even
used as overnight car ferries. Among them;
a. Carnival’s Tropicale built in 1981, became
Costa Cruises’ Costa Tropicale in 2001, P&O
Australia’s Pacific Star in 2005 and Pullmantur’s
Ocean Dream 2008. Since 2012, it has been used by
Japanese NGO and it is called Peace Boat
b. Carnival’s Jubilee and later became P&O Australia ’s
Pacific Sun and went on to become the Chinese-
owned Henna before being scrapped in 2017
c. Holland- America’s Statendom became P&O Pacific
Eden was sold to Cruise and Maritime Voyages which
will take over the ship in April 2019
Scrapped - when ship truly dilapidated they’re sold for scrap,
with parts and metals recycled. Most end up in one of the
world’s 3 largest ship scrapyards;

 Alang - India
 Chittagong – Bangladesh
 Gadami – Pakistan
Ships are run aground on the beach and a vast of army of
underpaid, unprotected workers break up the ship, stripping
everything useful. Cutting up the hull’s steel plates and
abandoning hazardous materials to the element in scenes
that could be straight out of Mad Max movie
  Pacific Princess, the famous ship which appeared
in the TV series Love Boat in the 70s and 80s. it had
a particularly sad fate of deterioration under
subsequent owners, saw several fatal crew
accidents, and was eventually seized by a Genoan
because of unpaid bills. In 2014, it was sold to a
Turkisk scrapyard for just two million sterling
pounds
Abandoned at Sea – some cruise don’t even make it as far as
the knacker’s yard. Ocean Liner America 1933, which later
became American Star was being towed across Atlantic
Ocean in 1993 for conversion into a luxury hotel when it ran
aground off the Canary Islands in a storm and broke in two,
For quite some time it provided a spectacular photos. Parts
of the ship’s structure eventually collapsesn into the sea.
The remainder of the stricken vessel is now only visible bat
low tide.
When Society Expeditions’ World Discoverer struk a reef off
the Solomon Island in 2000. Passengers were evacuated and
it limped towards Roderick Bay, where it was abandoned off
the beach. It’s till there, stripped of its contents by the
islanders, and has become a local tourist attraction – or for
some, an eyeshore
Sunk – cruise ship seldom sink by accident, though in 1999
Vista Sun caught fire and sank in the Malaysian waters, and
in 2007 Gap Adventure’s Explorer hit an iceberg ans sank off
the South Shetland Islands ( everyone on both ships was
safely recued) the notorious Costa Concordia which ran
aground in the coast of Italy, killing 32 people was eventually
refloated at exe-watering cost and dismantled in Genoa
Occasionally cruise ships sink accidentally in just the right
place. The 736 passenger cruise ship Bianca C sank off
popular tourist beach Grand Anse in Granada in 1961. Now
inhabited by sharks, eels and eagle rays. Biana C is
considered one of the world’s best dive wreck
Visit to the world’s most famous wreck Titanic, have been
restricted for years, but Blue Marlin is offering submarine
dives to the site 3800 meters below the North Atlantic’s
surface at the cost of a cool $130.000
Repurposed – some ships are refitted to become floating,
permanently moored hotels, convention centers or
restaurant . the most famous is Cunard’s Queen Mary, retired
in 1967 and now docked – with much of its machinery
removed – Long Beach, California. Occasionally it serves as
a movie set, most notably for the 1972 disaster flick
Poseidon Adventure. Visitors can tour the ship and learn
about it illustration history
Cunard’s Queen Elizabeth 2, disappeared into limbo for a
decade as rumored swirled about its future. In April 2018. It
finally opened as a hotel permanently docked in Dubai with
224 rooms, 13 restaurants and bars and various
entertainment, its lobby has a museum of the illustrious
liner’s history and reproduces the original bridge and a first
cabin
When the trans- Baltic – cruise – ferry Silja Festival was
retired in 2013, it was sent to the Kitimat on Canada’s west
coast to provide temporary housing for 600 construction
workers upgrading industrial facilities. The ship is now
operated by CVorsica Ferries under the name Mega Andrea
Carnival’s ship Holiday was used to house victims of
Hurricane Katarina in 2005, became Iberocruceros’ Grand
Holiday and again used as a hotel during during the Sochi
Winter Olympic in 2014. It now sails as Cruise and Maritime
Voyages’ Magellan
A few companies are turning cruise ships into residential
communities or retirement homes at sea, Florida-based
Cruise retirement
Turned Into Museum – a tiny handful of cruise ships end up
permanently moored as museums, among them the
steamships among them the steamship Bore in Finnish port
Turku, on which you can see visit passengers cabins and
crew quarters and lean about the history
Holland-Americas’s 1959 vessel Rotterdam, moored in
Rotterdam and also operating as hotel and restaurant venue,
has tour around its chart room, captain’s cabin and the
boilers and turbines below deck
In Yokohama, Hikawa Maru preserves the interiors of a luxe
1930s trans-Pacific cruise liner, including an art décor dining
rooms and cabins, and elaborate ceiling and staircases. You
can also inspect the engine room and crew quarters
Rusting Away – some cruise ships simply remain in limbo.
That’s the sad faith of one of the world’s best-known-cruise
liners, United States, which on its maiden voyage in 1952
broke the transatlantic speed record. It has had ba
disappointing afterlife since retiring in 1969. Several owners
failed to make it profitable during the 1970s. in 1984, its
furniture and fittings were sold off, in the mid 1990s its
interior almost completely stripped. The now grans ship now
sits in the Delaware River in Philadelphia. A conservative
group is now attempting restoration
Ship graveyards such as Olenya Bay in Russia and
Nouadhibou Bay in Mauritania feature retire naval vessels.
Cargo ships, and tugboats rather than cruise ships

The Gaming Industry

Gambling or the gaming industry has become a major force in the

tourism industry. The gaming industry has grown from a limited
acceptance in the financial and pub lic sector in Nevada to a
recognized growth industry. While gaming has always been a popular
form of recreation, it has also been controversial.

The gaming industry includes a whole range of activities including

casinos (both land-based games and riverboats), card games,
charitable games, lottery operated games and betting on greyhound
and horse races. More than 500 billion dollars in betted or wagered
on games or races every y ear. The total amount of bets is called the
“handle” and the net amount of spending by the customer is called
“win” by the gaming industry. The annual industry win that is almost
48 million dollars represents the actual consumer spending for gaming
activities. Casinos and lotteries make up around 85 percent of
consumer spending in the gaming industry.

Games and Facilities that Exist on the Casino Floor - a full-fledged

casino offers the following types of games and facilities:

1. Table games – involve wagering or betting between the casino

and customers and any other type of gaming where wagers are
placed on a table layout as an integral part of the game. These
include
 Blackjack/21/Ving-et-un – the most widely played casino
banking game in the world. Blackjack is comparing card
game between and dealer played with one or more decks
of 52 cards
 Dice/Craps games- are small throwable objects that rest in
multiple position, used for generating random. Dice are
suitable as gambling devices for games like craps are also
used in non-gambling tabletop games
 Roulette – a casino game named after the French word
meaning little wheel. In the game the player may choose to
place bets on either a single number, various grouping of
numbers, the colors red, whether the number is odd or
even or if the number are high or low
 Big Six or Wheel of Fortune – is an equal game of chance,
played using a large vertical wheel that can be spinned
  Baccarat – refers to anything with a value of zero; in a hand
of K, 4 and 6, the King is baccarat and the hand value is
baccarat
 Mini-baccarat – is a smaller, lower-stakes version of Punto
banco baccarat. It is different in that it is generally lower
limits than baccarat. It is also different in that the player
does not get to pick-up the cards, and the fact the table is
generally smaller in size
 Pai-gow poker – is a version of pai gow that is played with
playing card, instead of traditional pai gow’s Chinese
domino
 Poker – is a family of card games that combines gambling,
strategy and skills. All poker variants involved betting as an
intrinsic part and determine the winner of each hand
according to the combination of players card, at least some
of which remain hidden until the end of the hand
2. Card games – Casino card games are different from table games
in that the casino does not wager against the player but merely
offers games in which players can gamble against each other
with the casino providing or dealing the games. Poker is an
excellent example of this type of game. The casino provides a
dealer for the game as well as the materials required by the
players such as poker chips, cards and the like. The casino relies
on a fixed percentage taken from each player as its source of
revenue.
3. Slot machine/Video games – Slot machines feature simulated or
actual spinning wheels that are activated by the pull of a handle
or the push bottom. Play offs are based on a computerized
 random number generator program or the alignment of the
same graphics or symbols on each reel such as “three cherries
across”. Video games include video poker, video keno, video
bingo or video lottery terminals.
4. Keno – is a lottery-like gambling game often played at modern
casinos and also offered as a game by some lotteries. Players
wager by choosing numbers ranging from 1 to 80
5. Bingo – like Keno, Bingo is also based on random number
selections. It is a game of chance in which each player has one or
more cards printed with a differently numbered squares on
which to place marker when the respective number are drawn
and announced by a caller. The first player to mark a completed
row or other pattern of numbers is the winner
6. Race and sports books – Race books feature wagering on horse
track betting while sports books feature professional and
collegiate sporting events.

Casino Facilities

a. Casino cage – The financial customer transactions and

accounting for monies handled on the casino floor represent
integral activities for the cage.
b. Surveillance – It maintains a careful watch on all gaming
activities through the use of high-tech cameras and video
recording devices. It is also known as the “eye-in-the-sky”.
c. Ancillary departments – These are the support departments that
include restaurant operations, bars, entertainment centers such
as lounges or show rooms and lodging facilities.
Reasons for Visiting Casinos - people visit casinos for the following
reason:

1. The lure of gambling – many people just like to gamble, wager or

enter games of chance or skill.
2. Recreation/entertainment – the casino environment is an
exciting form of entertainment and for many, it is a mental
escape from the stressful pressures of work.
3. Social – senior citizens and retirees are drawn to the casinos for
the social interaction that occurs with other customers and the
casino’s employees.
4. Economic – some casinos operate their rooms division at break-
even or offer low room rates to attract gamblers. Restaurants
feature value-price buffets that appeal not only to gamblers but
also to business travelers and convention delegates who would
like to maximize their budgets.
5. Curiosity/must-see attractions – today’s mega resorts motivate
curiosity seekers to visit these must-see attractions. Since casino
gaming has progressed from being merely legal to legitimate,
more are now willing to visit gaming operations.
6. Amenity offerings – hotel/casinos draw people to their health
spas, hair salons, beauty parlors, barbershops, amusement
centers or theme parks. Suites and public spaces are ideal
locations for wedding and parties. Casinos offer their
showrooms or ballrooms to schools their graduation ceremonies

Key Players in the Gaming Industry.

a. Casino Baden – Baden ( Germany ) – is highly regarded for two

things; thermal bath and the casino it offers.
b. Casino de Monte Carlo ( Monaco ) – the most posh casino in
the world which stand for its opulence and beauty.
c. Bellagio ( Las Vegas ) – the grandest casino of them all.
d. Caesar’s Palace ( Las Vegas ) – one of the most well – known
casino and hotel and resort in the world.
e. Casino – de –Charlevoix ( Canada ) – offers 20 gaming tables
and imposes strict dress code.
f. Foxwoods Resort and Casino ( Connecticut ) – the grand daddy
of all casino as it is the largest casino in the world . It is
comprised of 6 casinos halls, the largest bingo hall in the
history and with 40,000 visitors a day.
g. The Casino at the Empire ( London ) – It contains more than
100 slot machines and nearly 25 table games and requires
membership.
h. Wynn Macau Resort – designed by the greatest architect of
casino ever known, Steve Wynn.
i. The Venetian ( Las Vegas ) – has more than 122 casino games
,slot machine , table games, and a state of the art sport lounge.
It also houses an indoor retail mall called the Grand Canal
Shoppes and features grand Chef Thomas Keller’s restaurant
Bouchon.
j. Trump Taj Majal ( Atlantic City ) – one of the most popular
tourist attractions in the east coast with 4000 slot machines,
over 200 table games and a smoke free – poker room. The aim
of the Trump is to invoke royalty as reflected in their purple
carpeting, white marble, gold plated fixtures and seven
chandeliers in the reception area.
k. The Atlantis ( Bahamas ) – the casino has over 850 slot
machines and 78 gaming tables including blackjack, craps ,
baccarat ,roulette and Caribbean stud poker. It also features
the “ The Atlantis Bridge Suite “ which Oprah Winfrey ,Michael
Jackson , Michael Jordan and Tiger Woods call home whenever
they visit the Bahamas , which also happens to be the most
expensive suite in the world at $ 25,000 per night. It features
10 rooms with more than 5000 feet of living spaces complete
with its own butlers , cook s , and maids , gold chandeliers , a
baby grand piano, king and queen bedrooms with balconies.
l. Cratos Premium Casino ( Girne, Cyprus ) – one of the biggest
Cypriot casino with 43,000 square feet of space to 267 slot
machines and video poker alongside 34 table games.
m. Casino Munkebjerg Vejle ( Denmark ) – located in the Danish
City of Vejle and offers fun casino with Las Vegas feeling.
n. Casino Admiral Mendrisio ( in the Italian border ) – it boast an
awful entertainment center alongside gaming action provided
by 250 slot machines and 31 table games.
o. Casino 2000 ( Luxembourg inside four – star hotel ) – the only
casino in Luxembourg.
p. Casino Cosmopol Stockholm ( Sweden ) - the only
international casino and a popular meeting spot and it is a full
club beyond the gaming and poker.
q. Mazagan, Casablanca – Morocco’s largest and most exclusive
casino and the most beautiful in North Africa. The casino offer
more 451 slot machines and 37 gaming tables
 r. Casino de Tigre – in Tigre, Argentina, the biggest casino in
South and Central America. It has 74 table games and 1700 slot
machines and video poker games.

The World Biggest Casino

a. Venetian Macau – covers 546.000 square feet with 3000

machines and 870 tables. It has 24 high-end restaurant and bars,
4 swimming pools and 3 massive shopping arcades
b. City of Dreams Macau – with 448.000 square feet of gaming
spaces
c. Foxwoods Resort Casino Connecticut, USA – with 7000 gaming
machines and over 400 gaming table, housing 29 restaurants and
bars, including Hard Rock Café which is spread over 340,000
square feet
d. Casino Porte 16 Macau – the casino sits in a UNESCO World
Heritage Site, the Historic Centre of Macau, the only hotel in the
inner harbor, and provides its visitors 270,000 square feet of
gaming space. It has 320 gaming machine and 150 tables
e. MGM Grand Macau - covers an enormous 267.000 square feet –
over 50.000 more than its Las Vegas cousin, which sits at a
comparatively paltry 170.000, the Asia cousin equivalent houses
just over a third of the number of games as the Las Vegas
equivalent, and roughly a tenth of the number of hotel rooms
f. Rio Casino Resort Kierksdorp, South Africa – offering only 12
table games and 257 gaming machines, the Rio Casino Resort
seems like an unlikely candidate for size, yet it outstrips
anuthing Vegas has to offer in terms of floor space, covering 263,
330 square feet of gaming ground
 g. Crown Casino Melbourne, Australia – the second largest casino
in the southern hemisphere, the casino is alos home to the
World Series of Poker Asia-Pacific series. There are over 3000
tables and slots across the 220.000 square feet

Top Casino in the Philippines

a. Resort World Manila – the first resort and casino established in

the country which boast of 3 hotels with more than 1500 rooms,
30.000 square shopping area mall
b. Belle Grande Manila/ City of Dreams – the casino features 2 L-
shaped hotels towers and 4 condotels with about 1000 rooms,
350 gaming table and 1900 slot machines. It also has a luxury
theater, shopping malls and restaurants
c. Solaire Resort and Casino – with a total 199.000 square feet of
gaming space with 500 hotel rooms, 1200 slot machines and 295
gaming tables, as well as 8 restaurants and 1800-seat theater
d. San Lazaro Leisure Park and Racino – Asia’s first racino facility
spread in a 77 hectares of land managed by the Manila Jockey
Club
e. Midas Hotel and Casino – with 220 rooms and operates 24 hours
a day showcasing world-class gaming equipments including 310
gaming machines and 54 table games
f. Networld Spa and Casino – follows the Japanese standards of
hospitality and entertainment. It has 224 gaming machines and
 table game, a hotel with 89 rooms, as well as a spa and
restaurant
g. Wild Orchid Resort and Poker World – a luxury hotel in Angles
City equipped with a poker room where gamers can enjoy all
sorts of card game as well as slots, roulette, mini-baccarat, keno
and a lot more. The resort also offers maritime theme
restaurant, cocktail lounge and a host of outdoor adventures
h. Thunderbird Resort Rizal – this resort casino hotel in
Binangonan, Rizal offers hotel accommodation from deluxe to
suite rooms and has 2 restaurants and bars
i. Waterfront Cebu Hotel and Casino – this hotel offers a host of
561 rooms and suites, gyms, concert halls and restaurant and
has a 24 hours gaming entertainment of baccarat, black jack,
super 6, pontoon, paigow, stud poker, roulette, craps, and etc
j. Oriental Paradise Casino Subic Bay – one of the 2 casinos in
Olongapo City which offers slots, table and poker games
k. Okada Manila – sprawled in a 45 hectares of land which features
950 rooms and 284, 283 square feet of gaming entertainment,
90.510 square feet of shopping area, the largest dancing
fountain in the Philippines, Cove an event venue

List of Casino in the Philippines.

1. Angeles City

a. Casino Filipino Angeles

b. Casino Filipino Mimosa

c. Fontana Leisure Park

2. Bacolod City
 a. Slot Machine Arcade Bacolod

b. Casino Filipino Bacolod

3. Cebu

a. Waterfront Airport Hotel & Casino Mactan

b. Waterfront Cebu Hotel & Casino

4. Davao City

a. Casino Filipino Davao

5. Laog City

a. Casino Filipino Laog

6. Manila

a. Casino Filipino – Hyatt Manila

b. Casino Filipino Heritage

c. Casino Filipino Pavilion

d. Fiesta Casino Rizal

e. Slot Machine Arcade Ronquillo

7. Olongapo City

a. Casino Filipino Olongapo

8. Paranaque

a. Casino Filipino Paranaque

9. Poro Point
 a. Fiesta Resort Casino

10. Tagaytay

a. Casino Filipino Tagaytay

Organization of Casino
a. General Manager- responsible for the overall operation of the
casino, including the hotel and related operation.
b. Vice president of finance- responsible for all financial activities
for all operation
c. Vice president of the casino operation- responsible for overall
operation of the casino including slots, table game , and other
gaming operations such as, keno, race, and sports and poker.
d. Vice president of human resources- Responsible for
employment, compension, benefit, labor relations, training and
workers compensation functions as well as compliance with
applicable federal, state and local requirements pertaining to
this areas.
e. Vice president of security- responsible for surveillance, security,
investigations,safety and risk management which includes
handling insurance issues and guest loss complains.

Casino marketing
 a. Director of casino marketing- responsible for all aspects of
marketing the casino, including developing and maintaining
database of customers.
b. Hosts- responsible for identifying and attracting new casino
customers, as well as servicing the needs of the existing
customer base.

Other casino department

a. Keno manager- responsible for the operation of keno
department including staffing, customer relation, game integrity,
compliance with gaming regulations, and financial performance.
b. Keno shift manager- Responsible for the operation of the keno
game during a particular shift. Involve in verifying payouts on
winning tickets.
c. Keno writer and runner – provide service to customers by
accepting wagers and handling payouts of winning tickets .
d. Poker manager- responsible for the operation of the poker
department, including staffing, customer relations, game
integrity, compliance action.
e. Dealer- Responsible for the operation of a given table game.
f. Pit Manager – Responsible for the operation of table games and
designation of personnel required in a specific pit
g. Pit clerk- Completes pit transactions such as fills, credits, and
markers through the use of the casino computer system or
manually.
h. Slot manager- Responsible for the operation of the slot
department, including selections of machines and determination
of the floor configuration, as well as machine maintenance and
operation.
i. Shift manager (slots)- Oversees the operation of the slot
department including all personnel during a particular shift.
j. Head Slot Mechanic- Responsible for the maintenance and
repair of all slot machines.
k. Floor person- Responsible for participating in the verification
and conduct of jackpot payout and hopper fill transactions.
l. Change attendants- Perform customer service transaction,
Including making change.
m. Booth Cashiers- Responsible for completing jackpot payout and
hopper fill transactions.
n. Poker Shift Manager- Responsible for the operation of the poker
games during a particular shift.
o. Poker Dealer- Responsible for the operation of given poker
table.
p. Security Officer – roam the vicinity to ensure guest safety and
security.
q. Bankroll Custodian – refers to the person in charge of the central
banking function or casino bankroll the working funds of cash
and gaming chips. The bankroll consist primarily of currency,
coinage and gaming chips.
 r. Casino Cage Personnel – prepares cash banks and bank
deposits, makes customer payouts, and changes customer’s
winning chips for currency and customer coins to cash.

PAGCOR ( Philippine Amusement and Gaming Corporation ) –

oversees and regulates the gaming industry. It is a 100% government
– owned and controlled corporation created in 1977 by the virtue of
Presidential Decree 1067, amended by PD 1869 on July 11, 1983`

Chapter 6

Meetings, Incentive, Convention and Exposition Industry

The meeting, incentive, convention and exposition is an exciting and
lucrative segment of the hospitality industry that is often overlooked
by individual entering the field.

What is a Meeting – is a gathering of two or more people. This term

could clearly could encompass meetings that are also called “
conventions, congresses, symposia “ - and so on, some of which
could have tenth of thousands of people in attendance. If one adds
displays of material or products to a meeting, then the meeting then
has a trade show or exposition or exhibition component.

Why Have Meetings - a study cond ucted in the mid 1990s that
focused on what made meetings works for association and
corporation came up with the following purpose;

1. People prefer meeting face to face and that one of the most
important values of gathering is the ability to meet with and
learn from people
2. Face to face meeting have the added benefit of, including all
forms of communication, both verbal and non-verbal
3. When people meet, it build “ communication of practice “, skill is
strengthen, impact change, observe accomplishments, renew
acquaintances.

Reason for Having Meeting

1. Presentation of a new sales plan to total quality management

workshop.
Meetings are conferences, workshops, seminars, or other events
designed to bring people together for the purpose of exchanging
information. Meeting can take any one of the following forms;

 Convention – an event where the primary activity of the

attendees is to attend educational session, participate in
meetings/discussions, socialize, or attend other organized
events. There is a secondary exhibit component.
 Exhibition – an event in which the primary activity of the
attendees is to visit exhibits on the show floor. This event
is focused primarily on business to business relationship.
 Trade show – an exhibit of product and services targeted
to a specific clientele and not open to the public.
 Exposition – a display of products and services, same as
exhibition
 Seminar – a lecture or dialogue allowing participants to
share experiences on a particular field under the guidance
of an expert discussion leader or a meeting or series of
meetings of ten or more specialists who have different
specific skills but have a common specific interest and
come together for training or learning purposes.
 Workshop – a meeting of several persons for intense
discussions. The workshop concept has been developed to
compensate for diverging views in a particular discipline
on a particular subject or an informal and public session of
free discussion organized to take place between formal
plenary session or commission of a congress or a
conference, either a subject chosen by the participants
themselves or on a special problem suggested by the
 organizer or it is a training session in which participants,
often through exercises, develop skills and knowledge in a
given field.
 Conference – a participatory meeting designed for
discussions, fact finding, problem solving and consultation
or it is an event used by the organization to meet and
exchange views, convey a message, open a debate, or give
publicity to some area of opinion on a specific issue.
 Clinic- a workshop-type educational experience where
attendees learn by doing.
 Break –Out Session – small group sessions, panels,
workshops or presentation offered concurrently within the
event, formed to focus on a specific subject. Break –out
session are separate from general session but within the
meeting format, and are formed to focus on a specific
subject. These sessions can be arranged by basic,
intermediate , or advanced information or can be divided
by interest areas or industry segment.
 Assembly – the process of erecting display component
parts into a complete exhibit or a general form of meeting
of an organization attended by representatives of its
membership for the purpose of deciding legislative
direction, policy matters, election of eternal committees,
and approval of balance sheets, budgets and so on.
 Congress – the regular coming together of large groups of
individuals, generally to discuss a particular subject and it
open last for several days and will have several
simultaneous sessions.
  Forum – an open discussion with an audience, panel, and
moderator or it a meeting or a part of a meeting set aside
for an open discussion by recognized participants on
subject of public interest, also for legal purposes, as parts
of the proceedings of a tribunal , a court, or a similar body.
 Symposium – a meeting of a number of expert in a
particular field at which papers are presented and
discussed by specialist on a particular subjects with a view
to making recommendations concerning the problem
under discussion.
 Institute – an in-depth instructional meeting providing
intensive education on a particular subject.
 Panel- a discussion with a moderator and two or more
participants
 Incentive Travel- a travel reward given by companies to
employees to stimulate productivity.

Types of Meetings Set-up

 Theater style – is intended for a large audience that does

not need to make a lot of notes or refer to documents.
This style usually consists of a raised platform and lectern
from which a presentor address the audience.
 Classroom set-up – are used when the meeting format is
more instructional and participants needs to take detailed
notes or refers to documents
 Boardroom set –up – are made for small number of
people. The meeting takes place around one rectangular
table.
Types of Meetings

1. Corporate Meetings – mostly held by either the corporate or

nonprofit industries.
 Stockholder meeting – voting share holder of a
corporation are invited to attend the company’s annual
stockholder meeting
 Board meeting - the board of director is the governing
body of a corporation that typically meets several times a
year, usually in the place where the corporation is located
 Management meeting – there are numerous reasons for a
company to hold management meetings. Every major
division of a corporation may have a need to bring its
decision makers and other important personnel together
to develop plan, review performance or to improve their
processes.
 Training meeting – as company undergone change, it
maybe necessary to hold training meeting to bring their
manager and key employees updated on improved
methods of job performance or to gain skills needed to
operate new systems and equipments.
 Incentive trips – corporation offer incentive trips to
reward their top performers based on certain criteria.
 Sales training and product launches – these events are
often held to upgrade the performance of the sales staff,
distributors, and retailers to introduce new products and
services to distribution networks and the general public.
2. Association – this meeting tend to be large. Ranging from several
hundreds to ten thousands of attendees.
Types of Association

a. Local – most members are located in the metropolitan area

where the organization is located
b. Regional – most members are located within the region
c. National – most members are located within the same country
where the organization is located.
d. Professional – membership is comprise of persons from the
same industry.
e. Non-profit association – have a special tax exempt status
granted by the Internal Revenue Service
f. SMERF - small association with members who join for social.
military, educational, religious and fraternal reasons
 Convention – these are assemblies of people for a
common purpose.
 Board meeting – the association board of directors
typically meets several times a year to provide collectives
advice and direction to the association.
 Regional conference – organization with regional
structure often schedule one or more event each year to
bring together members who are in the same geographic
area.
 Training meetings – association often offer their members
opportunities to upgrade their professional skills and
knowledge through meetings targeted to specific topics.
 Educational – this type of association meeting is led by an
expert and allows participants to share their views and
experiences.
 3. Governments – government entities at all levels have continuing
needs to hold gatherings, since they have continuing needs to
communicate and interact with many constituent body. These
meetings may involve the attendance world leaders, with large
groups of protestors and supporters, or a small group of elected
local officials holding a legislative retreat. This kind of meetings is
subject to many rules.
Types of Government Meetings
 Training meetings – training of government employees
 Other government meetings – may involve both agency
employees and those in the general public who may have
interest on the topic of the meeting such as those to
discuss prescription drug proposals or the future of Social
Security are likely to go on the road to gather input from
the public.

Key Players in the MICE Industry;

 Destination Marketing Organization ( DMOs ) – is a non-profit

organization supported by room transient taxes, government
budget allocations, private membership or a combination of
these three. A DMOs does not actually organize meetings,
events, and conventions, but it help planners and visitors to
learn about the destination and area attractions and make the
best possible use of the services and facilities the destination has
to offer.
 Meetings and convention venues – most of the time, meeting
planners work in a variety of facilities which ranges in size from
a hotel suites that holds a handful of people to major
convention centers and outdoor festival sites that holds tens of
 thousands. Anyplace where two or more people gathered is a
meeting site. Whether it is a multimillion square foot convention
center or a street corner under a light pole, people will find a
place to gather. The meeting planner job is to match the meeting
and the venue
 Convention centers – are huge facilities with parking lots,
information services, business centers and food and beverage
facilities included. Convention centers are corporations owned
by a country, city, or state and are operated by a board of
appointed representatives from various groups having vested
interest in the successful operation of the center.
 Hotels and resorts – offers a variety of location from city centers
to destination resorts. Many of these establishment have
ballrooms and meeting rooms designed to accommodate group
of various sizes.
 Cruise ships – are floating hybrids of hotels, conference centers,
and a full service hotels. To leave it there, would be to do them
a disservice. Cruise ships seems underrated as meeting venues,
but with proper planning , they can provide a satisfying meeting
experience.
 Colleges and universities – since colleges and universities devote
all their energies to education and research,they should be ideal
meeting facilities. It is important for a planner to remember that
while meetings brings often badly needed cash to an educational
institution, most colleges are not set up for major meetings and
their staff may not be adept as responding to immediate
meeting needs. As those in a full time meeting facility might be.
 Retreat facilities – can be viewed as a special group, much like
rural conference centers and they focus on the smaller portion
of the conference market. Most of retreat centers are likely to
be owned by a family and some are run by evangelical
organizations. In addition to the classroom learning typical of
conference centers, retreat facility specializes in some unique
extracurricular learning opportunities. Some retreat facilities are
located in dude ranches, some are clusters of cabins in the
woods where nature is part of the lesson plan, and others are
attached to religious facilities where spiritual message is
incorporated into the program.
 Specific use facilities – theaters, amphitheaters, arenas,
stadiums, and sport facilities tends to be underused as meeting
facilities depending on the needs of the meeting, they can
support a variety of event. Most of these facilities are focused
on events are for the general public, and a closed event for an
individual audience can be a welcome change for their staff.
 Unusual venues – meeting planners insist on having meeting in
places that are never designed for meetings such as;
 Flight aprons
 Airplane hangars
 Remote islands
 Nature preserves
 City parks
 Open meadows
 Athletics fields
 Large tents
 Parking lots
Exhibition – an event in which the products and services are
displayed.

 Trade fair – an international term for exhibition

 Trade show – exhibition of products and services held for
members of a common or related industry that is not
open to the general public.
 Public show or consumer show – exhibition that is open
to the public, usually requiring an entrance fee. The
attendees are basically defined by their interest and
geographic proximity to the show location.

Service contractors - is anyone who provides the product or service to

the exhibitor or show management during the actual show or
conference.

Destination Management Company – professional services company

possessing extensive local knowledge, expertise, resources and
specializing in the designs and implementing of events, activities,
tours, transportations, and program logistics.

Special Events Managements - are used as an umbrella term that

encompasses all functions that bring people together for a unique
purpose and most events require some short planning on the part of
the organizer.

 Special events – a one time event that is staged for the purpose
of celebration.
 Special event tour – a tour that is designed around a particular
event.
  Special events company – a company that presents special
effects and theatrical acts. This type of company may contract to
put on an entire events or only a part of one.

Employment in the MICE Industry

 Event Planner – this person put together special events such as

the Super Bowl, the Final Four in basketball, festivals and
celebrations.
 Meeting Planner - organizes meeting and other gatherings for
companies, associations, and corporations.
 Wedding Planner – organizes all the wedding needs of a client
 Restaurant Sales – while most people think of restaurants
attracting walk-in clientele may rely heavily on MICE
 Entertainment Venue Sales - involve in selling and producing
goods for group
 Destination Management Companies – function as the local
expert for companies and association in organizing gatherings
and events
 Hotels – hotels are the primary location where MICE events are
held, using ballrooms, meeting rooms, break-out rooms, for
their gatherings, along with sleeping rooms and F&B for their
attendees.
 Convention Centers - these include dedicated facilities like
McCormick Place in Chicago, PICC and SMEX in the Philippines.
 Conference Centers - these facilities are akin to convention but
often include specially designed educational facilities, sleeping
rooms and food service
 Exposition Service Contractor – design and erect the booths,
backdrops and stage for meetings and conventions.
  Destination Marketing Organization – they serve to represent a
wide range of MICE companies and to market the destination to
business and leisure travelers.

Philippine Setting

 Philippine Convention and Visitors Corporation – is tasked, as

the lead agency , to plan and implement the country’s marketing
efforts
 Convention and Incentive Travel Unit – is tasked to develop and
promote the Philippines as a meeting, incentive travel,
convention and exhibition destination.

List of Leading Convention and Exhibition Facilities in Manila

1. Araneta Coliseum
2. Cultural Center of the Philippines
3. Tanghalan Francisco Balagtas
4. Le Pavilion
5. Megatrade Hall and Conference Center
6. Philippine International Convention Center
7. SMX Convention Center.
 Chapter 7

Adventure Tourism

This type of tourism involves unusual holidays, which are very

different from the typical beach vacation. It is travel to remote areas;
inaccessible and possible hostile areas where travelers expect the
unexpected. It is characterized by its ability to provide the tourist with
relatively high level of sensory stimulation, usually achieved by
including physically challenging experiential components with the
(typically short) tourist experience. Most activities require significant
effort and grip and usually involve some degree of risk.

 Bushwhacking – It is also known as backpacking, tramping or

rambling. It’s a recreational activity involving walking over rough
country or in a bush. Trampers often carry a backpack. Wet
gears and may also carry cooking equipment
 Hang gliding – is an air sport in which pilot flies a non-motorized
foot level aerospace craft called hang glides
 Paragliding – a sport in which a wide canopy resembling a
parachute is attached to a person body by harness in order to
 allow them to glide through the air after jumping from or being
lifted from height.
 Cross country skiing – a form of skiing where skier rely on their
own locomotion to move across snow-covered terrain, rather
than using ski lifts
 Rappelling – is an activity which involve lowering of oneself with
a rope coiled around the body from a mountain
 Rock climbing – an activity wherein the participants climbs up
and down across a natural rock formation or an artificial rock
wall.
 Bungee jumping – an activity that involves jumping from a tall
structure while connected to a large elastic cord.
 Spelunking – exploring wild cave system.
 Canoeing – a recreational activity which involves paddling a
canoe with a single bladed paddle
 Ice climbing – an activity of ascending inclined ice formation.
 Kite surfing – a surface water sport combining aspect of
wakeboarding, windsurfing, paragliding, skateboarding and
gymnastic into one extreme sport
 Le parkour – a sport traversing environmental obstacle by
running, climbing, or leaping rapidly and efficiently.
 Chapter 8
Tourism Attraction
Tourism attractions are lifeblood of the tourism industry. They
are the major reasons why tourists travel to all parts of the
world. Tourism attraction can be natural or man-made. Natural
attractions would include beaches, mountains, caves, forests, or
a simple yet very unique landscape. Man-made attractions
would include museums, theme parks, shopping malls, , casinos
and other entertainment facilities. The history and culture of a
place are also very important attractions that enhance the
natural and man-made attractions found in the place. The
history of the place is felt by tourists through visits to old
buildings, churches and other places of historical value. Crafts,
traditional customs, rituals and economic activities show off the
culture of the place. Activities for tourist support the tourist
attractions. Activities for support of the tourist attraction that a
destination offers. These beef up the experience of visitors
beyond appreciating the attraction. Learning how to do some
crafts and participating in traditional rituals provide a much
more memorable experience for tourists. This component
inevitably determine what type of tourism a destination can
offer. A destination rich in natural attraction can offer
ecotourism, while a place of very distinct culture can be
promoted as cultural destination.
 Natural Attraction – the unique terrain and characteristics
of a location can be the focal point in attracting visitors.
The features of a place are also capitalized by support
 industries because they earn revenue and create
employment.
 Topography – refers to the physical terrain or landscape of
a place. This includes mountains, valleys, plateaus,
canyons, deltas, dunes, cliffs, coastlines, beaches,
volcanoes, caves and other physical landscapes, and flora
and fauna.
Major Landforms – are primary subdivision of the continent.
 Plains – these are relatively low level areas lying close to
the sea level.
 Plateau – It is also called “ Plain up in the air “, these are
table lands characterized relatively by high altitude and
usually above 2,000 feet.
 Mountain – landforms that have high altitude about 3,000
feet at the minimum.
Top 5 Highest Mountain in the World.
 Mount Everest - Nepal/Tibet
 Mount Goldwin Austin – Pakistan/China
 Mount Kangchenjunga – India/Nepal
 Mount Lhotse – Nepal/Tibet
 Mount Makalu – Nepal/Tibet

Top 5 Mountains in the Philippines

 Mount Apo – the highest peak in Mindanao and the

Philippines
 Mount Pulag – highest peak in Luzon
 Mount Kanlaon – highest peak in the Visayas
 Mount Halcon – regarded as the most hazardous
mountain to climb.
  Mount Guiting-Guiting – the most difficult mountain
to climb in the Philippines.
 Hills – called miniature mountain with an altitude
that varies500 feet to 1000 feet.

Minor Landform – are categorized by ways of forms.

 Valley – elongated depression usually with an outlet

between the ranges of hills.
 Peninsula – tract of land nearly surrounded by water or
at least having water on its three sides so that the
greatest part of its boundary is a coastline.
 Deltas – alluvial plain that the streams are built at their
mouth and pounded water. They are flood plains.
 Cape – a piece of land that is jutting to the sea.
 Canyon – a deep valley with high steep sides.
 Cliff – a perpendicular steep of rock of considerable
heights.
 Isthmus – a narrow land connection between 2 larger
expenses of land.
 Fjord – a V- shaped valley that leads to the sea and
appears submerged in its lower portion.
 Dessert – a dry barren region, treeless and sandy.
 Tundra – a treeless plain that has a characteristic of artic
and sub-artic region usually cover with ice or snow.
 Volcano – opening in the earth surface that gives out
smoke, ashes or molten rock.
 Savannah – treeless plain or grassland characterized by
scattered trees.
 Prairie – large area of level or rolling grasslands.
  Dunes – a hill of sand near an ocean or in a dessert that
is formed by the wind
 Cave – or cavern is a hollow place in the ground

Bodies of Water – are accumulation of water that covers the

earth.

 Arroyo - a dry creek bed or gulch that temporarily fills

with water after a heavy rain.
 Basin – a region land where water from the rain or snow
melt and drain downhill into another body of water such
as river, lakes and dam.
 Bay – an area of water bordered by land on three sides.
 Bayou – a slow moving stream or a marshy lake
 Billabong – a pond or still body of water created when a
river change course and some water become trapped.
 Canal – a man made waterway usually connected to
lakes, river and ocean.
 Channel – the physical confine of a river. Slough, or
ocean strait consisting of a bed and a banks.
 Cove – a circular or round inlet with narrow entrance or
colloquially called sheltered bay.
 Creek – an inlet of sea narrower than a cove.
 Dam – a barrier across flowing water that obstruct
directs or slow down the flow, often creating a reservoir
lake or impoundment.
 Gulf – a part of lake or ocean that extend so that it is
surrounded by a land on three sides, similar to a bay but
a little bit larger in size.
 Inlet – usually sea water which has a characteristics of
one or more of a bay, cave, estuary, firth,fjord, sea loch.
 Lagoon – shallow salt or brackish water from the deeper
sea by a shallow or expose sandbank, coral reef or
similar feature
 Lake – a body of fresh water of considerable size
contained on a body of land.
Biggest Lake in the World
a. Caspian Sea – Azerbaijan, Russia, Kazaakhstan,
Turkmenistan, 143,000 sq.m, salt water
b. Superior – USA-Canada. 31,820 sq. m
c. Victoria Lake – Tanzania-Uganda, 26,828 sq. m
d. Huron – USA-Canada, 23,000
e. Lake Michigan – USA, 22,000 sq.m
f. Lake Tangayika – Tanzanai, Democratic Republic of
Congo, Burundi and Zambia, 12,700 sq m
g. Lake Baikal – the deepest lake in the world, 12, 200 sq
m
h. Great Bear Lake – Canada, 12,000 sq m
i. Lake Malawi – Tanzania, Mozambique and Malawi,
11, 600 sq m
j. Great Slave Lake – Canada, 11,170 sq m

Biggest Lake in the Philippines

a. Laguna de Bay – Laguna
b. Lanao Lake – Lanao del Sur
c. Taal Lake – Batangas
d. Lake Mainit – Surigao del Norte and Agusan del Norte
 e. Lake Naujan – Oriental Mindoro
f. Lake Buluan – Maguindanao and Sultan Kudarat
g. Lake Pantabangan – Nueve Ecija
h. Lake Bato – Camarines Sur
i. Lake Pulangi – Bukidnon.
j. Lake Buhi – Camarines Sur

 Marsh – a wetland that features grasses, rushes,

reeds,typhus, sedges and other herbaceous plants
k. Ocean – a major body of salty water that covers about
71% of the earth surface.
Top 5 Largest Ocean in Earth
a.
b. Pacific Ocean
c. Atlantic Ocean
d. Indian Ocean
e. Southern Ocean
f. Artic Ocean
a. River – a natural waterway usually formed by water derived
from precipitation or glacial melt water, and flows from
higher grounds.
Top 5 Longest River in the World
a. Nile River – in Africa, 6,650 km
b. Amazon River – South America, 6,400 km
c. Yangtze River – China, 6,300 km
d. Mississippi River – USA, 6,275 km
e. Yenisei River –Russia, Angara River – Russia, Selenga River
– Mongolia – 5,539 km.
 Top 5 Longest River in the Philippines

a. Cagayan River – 505 km

b. Rio Grande River – 373 km
c. Magat River – 353 km
d. Agusan River – 350 km
e. Pampanga River – 260 km

b. Sea – a large expense of saline water connected wi

c. Spring – a point where the ground water flows out to the

ground and where the aquifer surface meets the ground
surface.
d. Strait – a narrow channel that connects two large bodies of
water between two land mashes.
e. Streams – a body of water with detectable current confined
within a bed and banks
f. Swamp – a wetland that features permanent inundation of
large areas of land by shallow bodies of water, generally with
a substantial number of hammocks dry land protrusion.

Flora and Fauna – exist interdependently and can not be

separated in the ecosystem equation.

Flora – refers to the plant life

Fauna- refers to the animal life.

In the Philippines – Calauit Island , Palawan serves as a game

preserve and wildlife sanctuary with an estimated 104 varieties
of animals from 8 species that were imported from Africa and a
host of endangered local animals . As a response to the call
Kenyan President Jomo Kenyatta during the Third World
Conference to help save African animals, President Ferdinand
Marcos in 1977 transported the animals consisted of ;

12 bushbacks

11 elands

11 gazelles

15 giraffes

16 impalas

12 waterbucks

10 topis

15 zebra

The animals were transported to Calauit in 1977, where the 200

families from the island were transferred to 40 kms away, Halsey
Islands. Without predators, the 104 animals grew to 204 after 5
years, 143 was born in Calauit. The gazelles and the topis proved
less adaptable died out in 1993 while the impalas and the
waterbuck thrived out, in 2005. There were already 481 of
them.Aside from the African animals, local endangered species
can be found in the islands such as;
Calamian deer

Palawan mouse deer

Palawan peacock pheasant

Sea eagles

Wildcat

Scaly anteater

Palawan porcupines

Pythons

Dugong

Sea turtles

Giant clam.

Beaches and Dive Destination – the Philippines showcases

pristine beaches and diving sites which are ideal for nature-
based tourism development.

Top 5 Dive Sites in the Philippines

a. Anilao, Batangas
b. Malapascua and Moalboal Cebu
c. Tubbataha Reef, Coron and El Nido in Palawan
d. Boracay
e. Balicasag in Bohol
f. Apo Island in Negros Oriental
 Top Beaches in the Philippines

1. Boracay
2. Coron
3. Panglao Island
4. Siargao Island
5. Pagudpod
6. Puerto Galera
7. Camiguin Island
8. El Nido
9. Dakak
 Man-made attraction – consist of man- made project and
intangible man made event. These include local ceremonies,
cultural attractions, monuments, museums, hotels and other
edifices, and activities that may attract both local and
international tourist.
a. Historical Attraction – include historical sites, archaeological
sites, architecture, cuisines, monuments, industrial sites,
museums, ethnic, concert, and theatre,

Monuments and Man made Landmarks – have attained world

wide prominence such as;

7 Wonders of the World

1. Christ Redeemer, Brazil
2. Great Wall of China
3. Machu Picchu, Peru
4. Petra, Jordan
5. Pyramid of Chichen Itza, Yucatan Peninsula, Mexico
6. Roman Coliseum, Rome, Italy
7. Taj Mahal, Agra, India

In the Philippines, historical district are preserved and managed

as tourism related areas;

a. Vigan – this historic town has been listed in the World

Heritage List and has been name one of the 7 Wonder City of
the World, along with
 Beirut, Lebanon
 Doha, Qatar
 Durban, South Africa
 Havana, Cuba
 Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
 Lapaz, Bolivia

2. Walled City, Intramuros – constructed in 1571, of European

influence and has been preserved through the efforts of the
national and local government

Museums – is a building or institution which houses and cares

for collections of artifacts and other object of scientific, artistic
or historical importance and make them available for the public
viewing through exhibit that maybe permanent or temporary.

Top 5 Museum in the World

1. Smithsonian Institute, Washington D.C, USA – the world

largest research and museum complex with 19 museums. It
features Dorothy’s ruby red slipper. The dresses of American
 first ladies and the original Star Spangled Banner of the
National Museum of American History.
2. Le Louvre, Paris – medieval fortress and the palace of the
kings of France before becoming a museum. It features Venice
de Milo “ Winged History of Somothrace “ and Leonardo Da
Vince’s “ Mona Lisa “
3. Acropolis Museum – it houses finds from the slopes of
acropolis. Its transparent glass floor and the Frieze of
Parthenon mounted on the structure with exactly the same
dimension as cella of Parthenon, giving comprehensive
viewing of every detail
4. State Hermitage, St. Petersburg, Russia – has the largest
collection of paintings. It’s a stunning place covering the
history of the world from Stone Age up to the present time. It
also features the Golden Room with the golden gems.
5. The British Museum, London – has a collection of works of art
from all over the world. Its galleries are devoted to Egypt,
Greece, Roman civilization, Asia. Africa, and Medieval
Europe. The highlight is the Elgin marble that was once
decorated the Parthenon.

Top 5 Museum in the Philippines

1. National Museum – the museum of the Filipino people. It

offers extensive archeological, botanicsal, geological, and
zoological artifacts and diverse artworks of local artist
2. UST Museum of Arts and Sciences – the oldest existing
museum in the country . Preserved for over 300 years, the
collection expanded include cultural pieces and artifacts
 3. Ayala Museum – a private museum in the business district of
Makati and it houses a large number of rare and priceless
cultural and historical items not found elsewhere in the
country.
4. Rizal Museum – a replica of the ancestral house where our
national hero was shaped and molded. It house various
memorabilia, books, manuscript and artworks that belong to
Jose Rizal
5. Mind Museum – the first world class museum in the
Philippines that makes everything you didn’t bother doing in
grade school. It has six interesting galleries.
a. The story of universe
b. The story of earth
c. The story of life
d. The story of atom
e. The story of technology

Cultural and Religious Events – cultural events can be categorized

in several ways, including to the extent which they are regular or
irregular in occurrence or location. The Philippine is rich in fiesta and
festivities all year round. Festivals in the Philippines are religious in
nature. Roman Catholicism is the dominant religion in the country
thus, festivities are often celebrated in honor of patron saints of town
and cities. Fiesta is a part of Filipino way of life. The longest festivity in
the Philippines is Christmas where Christmas jingle is played over the
radios from September to December, signaling the start of the
seasons.

List of Filipino Festivals.

 a. Flores de Mayo – celebrate every May nationwide
b. Maskara Festival – 3rd week of October in Bacolod
c. Eid-ul-Fitr – movable date, nationwide
d. Pintados Festival – June 29, Tacloban City
e. Sandugo Festival -
f. Carabao Festival – May 15 and 16, Pulilan Bulacan
g. Obando Fertility Rites – May 17-19, Obando, Bulacan
h. Cutud Lenteen Rites – Good Friday, San Fernando, Pampanga
i. Panagbenga Festival – whole month of February, but the
highlight is on the last week of February, Baguio City
j. Ati-atihan Festival – 3rd Sunday of January, Kalibo, Aklan
k. Sinulog Festival – 3rd Sunday of January, Cebu City
l. Dinagyang Festival – 4th Sunday of January, Iloilo City
m. Black Nazarene – January 9, Quiapo, Manila
n. Moriones Festival – Holy week, Marinduque
o. Pahiyas Festival – May 15-16, Lucban, Qyezon
p. Kadayawan sa Davao – 3rd week of August, Davao City

Health Tourism – is travel to improve one’s health, such as visit to

health resort or weight loss camp. In recent times,health tourism has
been coined as medical tourism. All over the world, people has
traveled to destination that offer medical services at a fraction of a
cost compared to their country of origin.

Famous Health Tourism Sites in the Philippines

a. The Farm – in San Benito, Batangas, has won the Spa Retreat
Award.
b. Valentino Resort and Spa – San Jose, Batangas
c. Nurture Wellness Village and Nature Hotel Spa, Tagaytay
 d. EL Madero Farm – Lipa City

Shopping Malls – mega malls are composite attraction that contains

numerous individual sub-attraction designed to maximize the amount
of time that visitors remains within the facility and the amount of
money they spend.

List of the Biggest Malls in the World

1. New South China Mall – Donggua, China, 659.612 sq. m

2. Golden Resources Mall – Bejing, China, 557.411 sq. m
3. SM City North Edsa – Quezon City, Philippines, 482.878 sq. m
4. Isfahan City Center – Isfahan, Iran, 470.000 sq. m
5. 1 Ultana – Selajor, Malaysia, 465.000 sq. m
6. Persian Gulf Complex – Shiraz, Iran, 450.000 sq. m
7. Central World Bangkok – 429.500 sq. m
8. Mid Valley Mega Mall – Kuala Lumpur 420.000 sq. m
9. Cehavir Mall – Istanbu Turkey, 420.000 sq .m.
10. Sunway Pyramid – Subang, Jaya, Malaysia, 396.000 sqm.

Sport Events – for generation people have enjoyed sport activities

during their leisure time. Yet the actual Management of sports that
drew tourists and other spectators is relatively a new pursuit.The
industry has grown in recent years and offers a variety of
opportunities, challenges and career choices for interested persons.

 Categories of Sport
1. Amateur Sport – are athletic activities and competition for
athletes who do not get paid.
a. Youth Sport – youth sport programs emphasize participation
rather than competition
 b. High School Sport – high sport focus on team spirit, Local
communities are often big supporters of high school teams.
Players, coaches, parents, and teachers encourage students to
balance their benefits of athletic achievements with academic
success.
c. College Sports – college and universities offers a variety of
sports to appeal to a wide range of student. Large universities
usually offers more sports options.Competitive division of
college sports are ranked and governed by the National
Collegiate Athletic Association (NCAA). Thi organization
create guidelines and enforces rules to encourage fair
competition. Regulation of college sports is very important
because college sports have become a major force in the
sport event industry, with careers, funding, and student
futures at stake.
 Other Sports – the world of sport also includes international
sports, extreme sports and sport for athletes with disabilities, all
of which draw large target market.
a. International Sport – The popularity of a team varies from
country to country. International sports are sports that are
played in more than one country. Through sport, different
culture enjoy a common interest. The Olympic played a major
role in the development of international sport. Increasingly,
sports team seek global exposure. International Federation (
IF) govern and regulate international sports. Each federation
establishes its own eligibility rules and manages international
competitive events.
 b. Extreme Sport – are non-traditional sports that features
daring athletes competing in sports such as skateboarding,
snowboarding, surfing and BMX bike riding.
c. Sports and Disabilities – athletes with disabilities have been
participating in organized sport competitions since 1948 when
Sir Ludwig Guttman organized a contest for World War 2
veterans with spinal cord injuries in England which became
the Paralympics Games.
1. Paralympic – are competition in which the world’s best
athletes with physical disabilities showcase their talents.
Games are held in the same year of the Olympics Games
takes place.
2. Special Olympics – began in 1968 to offer a competition
venue for children and adult with developmental
abilities.
 The Olympic Game – the first Olympic Game took place in 776
B.C. in Olympia, Greece. The modern Olympic Games is the
most prestigious of all sport events, as this brings millions of
visitors to the host country. This game is governed by the
International Olympic Committee based on the Olympic Charter

Relevance of Olympic Game – the International Olympic

Committee revived the ancient concept of the Olympic Truce.
The goal is to protect the interest of athletes and sports and to
promote peaceful and diplomatic solution to conflict around the
world, through this concept, the IOC aims to;
a. Raise awareness and encourage leaders to act in favor of
peace
 b. Mobilize youth for the promotion of the Olympic ideals
c. Establish contact between communities in conflict
d. Offer humanitarian support in countries at war.

Recreation

Recreation – the word recreation implies the use of time in a manner

designed for therapeutic refreshment of one’s body or mind. It is
synonymous with lifestyle and the development of positive attitude.

Recreation allows people to have fun together and form lasting

relationship built on experiences they have enjoyed together which is
called, the recreational process, bonding. Recreation is a process that
seeks to establish a milieu conducive to the discovery and
development of characteristics that can lead to happiness. Happiness
and well being are the incidental outcome of recreation. Thus,
happiness can be enhanced by the pursuit of recreational activity.
Recreation is all about creating a balance , a harmony in life that will
maintain wellness and wholeness.

 Commercial Recreation – is any recreational activity for which

a guest pays a fee. Amusement parks, theme parks, water
parks, zoos, aquariums, private clubs and family
entertainment centers are included in the list.
a. Amusement Parks – also referred to as Theme Park or
Funfare, is a group of entertainment attraction, rides and
 other events in a location for the enjoyment of large
number of people. Amusement Parks have fixed location,
as opposed to traveling funfares and traveling carnivals
and more elaborate than a simple city park or playgrounds.
It usually provide attraction meant to specifically to certain
age groups, as well as some that are aimed towards all
ages.
b. Theme Park – is a distinct style of amusement park. It has
landscaping building and attraction that are based on one
or more specific theme.
c. Water Park –amusement park that features water play
area such as water slides, splash parks, spray ground and
lazy river.
d. Zoo – zoological park, zoological garden or animal park – It
is also called menagerie, which animals are confined within
enclosure, displayed to the public, and in which they may
also bred.
e. Aquarium – a vivarium of any size having at least one
transparent side in which water dwelling plants are kept
and displayed.

Top 10 Amusement Park in the World

1. Disney Animal Kingdom – with 1,700 animals across 250

species
2. Port Aventura Park – Spain largest Theme Park with 12
rides and multiple theme ride, including one based in
Sesame Street.
3. Universal Studio Singapore – it boast of 24 attraction with
7 theme areas
4. Disneyland Park – located in Walt Disney World Resort in
New Orleans. It features 8 theme lands,
5. Beti Carriso World – largest theme park in Latin America
6. Disney Hollywood Studios – divided into 6 theme areas
including Hollywood Boulevard, Street of America,
Animation Courtyard, Pixar Place and Sunset Boulevard
7. Magic Kingdom – this theme park the first of the four Walt
Disney World Resort Parks to be built. It features the
Cinderella castle
8. Universal’s Island of Adventure – each island of this
Universal Studios theme park has its own adventures from
the Marvel Superhero Island to the wizarding world of
Harry Potter.
9. Euro Park – boast of German and French theme parks with
12 roller coaster, 16 water rides and an indoor playground.
10. Discovery Cove – guest can interact with dolphin,
snorkel with tropical fishes and rays, feeds parrot, toricans,
and other birds, wade next to otter and marmoset or swim
in the large resort pool.

Top Amusement Park in the Philippines

1. Enchanted Kingdom
2. Manila Ocean Park
3. Manila Zoo
4. Fantasy World
5. Ocean Adventure
6. Hundred Island National Park
7. Zoobic Safari
8. Avelon Zoo.
 Chapter 10

Travel Trade Sector

Travel Agencies act as intermediaries for customers. They function as

brokers for the tourists. They arrange everything, from tour operators
to accommodation. They receive commission from their suppliers,
such as hotels. Food and beverage establishment, and tour operators,
as well as earn their revenues from their principal or customers.

Types of Travel Agencies

  Independent Agencies – are private companies that have one
or few branches often close to each other. They usually cater
to a niche market and rely on repeat business.
 Miniples – similar with independents, miniple have several
branches, plus a head office in a local area, The different
branches may trade under different names. Small
independent may be bought and added to the miniples
 Multiples – are private companies. They are part of a large
organization which trade in other areas of travel and
tourism.They attract customer by offering discounts.

In the USA, there are three different categories of agencies.

 Mega Travel Agencies – are named as such because of their

size and scope. These large travel agencies own and control all
aspects of their operation. They provide complete travel
services that include transportation, accommodation and
other related to the needs of their clients
 Consortium – are groups of travel agent who have formed an
association to maximize buying power and sharing of
technology.
 Independent Travel Agencies – are small-scale business that
cater to specific niche, like corporate travel services or
specialized travel needs.

In the Philippines, the Philippine Travel Agencies Association ( PTAA )

represents the country’s travel sector in various international and

national association. The PTAA also sits in the tourism council of local
government units. The PTAA was founded through the union of
national association of outbound travel agencies and inbound tour
operator.

Types of Travelers Served by Travel Agencies

 Businessmen travel all around the globe to expand and seek

business. With the advent of international agreement
between countries, the business arena is becoming viable to
dealing with other countries. . The nature of agreement of
business travelers is predetermined as meetings and
appointment have set price to the guest’s arrival
 Leisure Travelers are travelers whose primary purpose is to
rest and recreate. Travel agencies have designed various
packages to meet and entice those travelers to avail of a
worry free vacation packages.
 International travelers can either do business or leisure
travelers.

Travel Agency Operation.

To successfully market the different properties to intended clients,

travel agency must have extensive information about the property.
These can be derived in several ways.

1. Airline Computer Reservation System (CRS) let travel agencies

scan flight information and availability. And basic hotel
information. Some famous CRS
a. Galileo
b. Amadeus
c. Abacus
 d. Patheo
e. Semi-Automatic Business Research Environment (SABRE)
f. Worldspan
2. Global Distribution System (GDS) is a major CRS that books
reservation in the hospitality industry.
3. Familiarization Tour is a complimentary or reduced rate travel
program that aims to travel agents and prospective customers
about the sponsoring property’s services
4. Strategic alliances websites show the alliances between two or
more emerging properties. Alliances are made to cope with the
global expansion of bigger hotel chains and the increasing
number of travelers. Partnership with various properties allow
hotels to have strategic positioning across the globe and benefit
from each other’s strength.

Tour Operator

A tour operator creates packages from the value chain of tourism. For
example, the package created may include airline (transportation),
hotel (accommodation) and a tourism interaction, all in one price.
Tour operator may sell these products to travel agencies who act as
representatives of the customer.

The increasing use of the internet is lessening the demand for

packaging tours. However, tour operators still command contracting
power from the suppliers as they bring in the bulk of revenues to
them. Collectively, they can influence government and localities to
create packages for destination in their areas. Tour operator is also
called tour companies, tour packagers, tour broker or tour wholesaler.

Types of Tour Operator

 a. Inbound Tour Operator – specializes in a group arriving in a
specific city, area, or country
b. Outbound Tour Operator – takes group from a given city or
country to another city or country.
c. Motorcoach Operator – creates tour, usually about a week’s
duration, that transport group members via motor coach to their
destination and back.
d. Intermodal Operator – combine several forms of transportation
such as plane, motor coach, ship, and rail to create a diversified
and efficient tour package. Increasingly popular, these kind of
tours appeal to the desire of traveler to get there. Intermodal
operators tend to downplay the role of motor coaches.

Tour Position

The growing travel and tourism industry offers a variety of career

options, including tour escorts, tour guide, and tour host.

a. Tour Escort – this individual is also referred to as tour director or

tour conductor. The tour es cort accompanies a group on a
tour. As the operator representative, he or she is responsible for
the efficient operation of the entire tour
b. Tour Guide – are individual hired at specific destinations to
provide detailed commentary on particular sight s or
destination. Many tour guides are licensed by the particular
destination.
c. Tour Hosts – provide assistance when guests arrive at a
destination. They answer questions, recommend dining option,
and offer transportation alternatives. Tour Hosts also arrange
additional sightseeing for travelers.
Types of Tours

Many travelers pay for some type of tour. A tour incorporate a wide
variety of components. These components can include
accommodation, transportation, food service and entertainment.

Tours that include these service for one price are called inclusive
tours,. Other tour combine only transportation option such as fly
drive packages. The basic types are

 Package Tour – is a prearranged tour that offers value,

guaranteed sightseeing, and a quality product. A tour
operator or company may develop a package tour as charter
tour, which is a tour in which the tour operators buys all the
seat on an airplane, train, or bus, and resell them to travelers.
Package tours can be planned as;
a. Independent Tour – these tours are arranged so guest can
choose from a variety of dates, accommodation, meal plan,
and sightseeing options. Guests get volume discounts
without sacrificing their independence.
b. Hosted Tours – are similar to independent tours,. However,
they position a host at each destination to assist with a
less-structured tour
c. Escorted Tours – the most structured tours are escorted or
guided tours. Guests travel together as a group with a tour
director to assist them. This type of tour offers relaxation
and efficiency.
What is Calauit and how does it came to be called that why? What
does Calauit offers?. How many species of imported animals from
Africa and local endemic species can be found in the island?