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Does Field marshal Haig deserve

the Title ‘butcher of The Somme


(Discuss)
Douglas Haig, Britain’s First World War commander-in-chief from December 1915 to
the end of the war, is remembered as the archetypal ‘donkey’ leading ‘lions’ to their death by
the thousands. But, almost a century on, is this a fair judgement?

Born in Edinburgh, 19 June 1861, Douglas Haig was the eleventh son of a wealthy
whiskey distiller. An expert horseman, he once represented England at polo. In 1898, he
joined the forces of Lord Kitchener in the Sudan. Asked by Kitchener’s superiors in London
to report back in confidence on his commander, Haig did so with relish, taking delight in
criticising the unsuspecting Kitchener. In 1899, Haig served under Sir John French in
Kitchener’s army during the Boer War in South Africa.

At the outbreak of the First World War, in August 1914, Douglas Haig served as a
deputy to John French who had become commander-in-chief of the British Expeditionary
Force. Haig’s actions at the Battle of Mons and the First Battle of Ypres earned him praise
while, conversely, John French’s fortunes plummeted as the British failed to make any
headway on the Western Front. Haig helped manoeuvre the mood-swinging French out of
power and was appointed by Prime Minister Herbert Asquith as French’s replacement in
December 1915 and asked to lead the offences in what would be know as the battle of the
somme.

Many people believed that the battle symbolised all the horrors of warfare in World War
One. There has been an ongoing debate whether Douglas Haig, Britain’s commander-in-
chief during the war, was right in leading many British men and even boys to their deaths.
        Haig had the responsibility of deciding if he would loose thousands of mens lives, and
have a slight chance of winning, or to stay with the stalemate. As General Haig was a military
person he knew that lives are always going to be taken during a battle, but at this great
quantity was it worth it? If his plan had worked would people be more forgiving about how
many lives were lost? And if so many people believe, ‘The Butcher of the Somme’ is a correct
name for him, then why are historians continuously revisiting the matter, and what exactly
went wrong?

GEOLOGY 101 REPORT "1


 The army was mostly made up of volunteers who showed extreme courage but were let
down by their leaders. We know for definite that Haig knew about the masses of barbed wire
ahead of them and about the German dug outs being so deep underground and supported
with concrete. The Germans had many advantages such as; being on a higher ground and
they had a good defence system that Haig had under estimated.                  General Haig used
the same tactics repeatedly which were obviously failing. The Germans were so used to the
tactics of the British that they were never caught off guard. The British would fire at the
Germans and once the artillery stopped the Germans knew that the British were coming to
attack and they were ready for them. Haig when he realised that his plan wasn’t working,
could’ve probably saved the battle by making a few adjustments, but he didn’t.  Many people
believe that his tactics were outdated which he could’ve changed, he was arrogant believing
that ‘god was on his side’ and shouldn’t have used bombardments as they warned the
Germans they were coming.

 
General Haig has been given so much criticism after that battle, one of the criticisms were
that he just threw men onto no-mans land without a second thought. This is not entirely true,
as he had tried to use tanks instead of men, but there was no break through. Politicians had
been one of the groups to criticise Haig, but the General had claimed to have told them of
how great the losses there would be and they had agreed.

Haig was originally placed at an attack further north-west of Flanders, however when the
Germans attacked at Verdun, all plans were to be changed. Then in the summer of 1916
Haig was officially made to lead the British into battle near the River Somme. From this we
now know, that the Battle of the Somme wasn’t even originally the battle he was going to
fight. After the battle Haig believed that he had completed the battles objectives, by killing
some of Germany’s best troops and they saved Verdun which was the main aim to achieve

Military historians believe that Haig did do a good job as he did the best he could with the
resources he had, he was well qualified and did well with the tasks in hand and he shouldn’t
be compared to the generals of today as they are in completely different time and have
different resources.

        Ultimately the British won the war, which was the main priority, weather the Battle of
the Somme helped or not. But the real question is was this all worth loosing thousands of lives
and could the same results have been achieved without the enormous human sacrifice. It is
easy now to look back and think that there must have been a better way to have dealt with the
situation, but at the time it would have not been easy to have come up with a alternative
solution. We must judge General Haig with this in mind, but even back then there must’ve
been some other way to have fought the battle without such a great loss.  

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 I believe that what happened in the summer of 1916 was wrong and could’ve been solved in
a different way, but the title “Butcher of the Somme” is probably too harsh for General Haig
as it is judging him by todays, knowledge and understanding. However, this is an argument
that will go on continuously in history, and everyone will have different opinions.

GEOLOGY 101 REPORT "3

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