(REVISED PER ADDENDUM #2 DATED 1-31-14) SECTION 312301 - 1

EARTHWORK - PROPOSED FOR EMBANKMENTS, ROADWAY/PARKING, DRAINAGE & OPEN AREAS

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SECTION 312301 – EARTHWORK - PROPOSED FOR EMBANKMENTS, ROADWAY/PARKING,

DRAINAGE AND OPEN AREAS

PART 1 - GENERAL

1.1 DESCRIPTION OF WORK

A. The work covered under this section consists of excavating, removing, and satisfactorily disposing of all
MATERIALS, of whatever character, within the limits of construction. Included in this section is all
excavations, (borrow) embankments and grading necessary for the construction, preparation and completion
of all onsite embankments, subgrades, shoulders, ditches, and slopes, all in accordance with the required
PROJECT area grades, roadway alignment, grade and sections shown on the plans or as directed by the
ENGINEER.

1.2 RELATED STANDARDS

A. All excavations and embankment shall meet or exceed those standards set forth in the Florida Department
of Transportation (FDOT) Standard Specification for Road and Bridge Construction – Section 120
Excavation and Embankment.

PART 2 - MATERIALS

2.1 PRODUCTS

A. General: Provide approved borrow soil MATERIAL from off-site when sufficient approved soil
MATERIALS are not available from excavation.

B. Satisfactory Soil MATERIALS under structures: ASTM D2487 soil classification groups SP to SP-SM,
Soils MATERIALS shall be inorganic soil of low plasticity, preferably clean sand containing less than 15
percent passing a No. 200 sieve.

C. Unsuitable Soil MATERIALS under structures: ASTM D2487 soil classification groups GC, SC, ML,
MH, CL, CH, OL, OH, and PT.

D. Backfill and Fill MATERIALS: Satisfactory soil MATERIALS free of clay, debris, waste, vegetable and
other deleterious matter.

E. Embankments: Satisfactory soil MATERIALS per the FDOT Standard Specifications for Road and
Bride Construction – Section 120-7

PART 3 - EXECUTION

3.1 REGULAR EXCAVATION

A. Regular excavation is unclassified, and includes excavation to subgrade elevations indicated, regardless of
character of MATERIALS and obstructions encountered. The CONTRACTOR shall perform all
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EARTHWORK - PROPOSED FOR EMBANKMENTS, ROADWAY/PARKING, DRAINAGE & OPEN AREAS
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excavation necessary to accomplish the construction indicated on the plans. Wherever excavations are
made below the grades indicated on the plans, firm MATERIAL shall be used to restore the area to the
proper grade and compacted in accordance with these specifications. Where muck, rock, clay or other
MATERIAL within the limits of excavation is, in the opinion of the ENGINEER, unsuitable in its original
position, the CONTRACTOR shall excavate such MATERIAL and backfill with suitable MATERIAL
which shall be shaped to conform to required section.

3.2 EXCAVATION BORROW

A. Borrow excavation shall be the quantity of import fill in cubic yards needed for embankments which cannot
be supplied through onsite Regular Excavation.

B. The price and payment for Excavation Borrow include all borrow MATERIALs required, including all
costs of furnishing borrow areas, of clearing and grubbing, and the removal of unsuitable MATERIALS of
said borrow areas. Also included shall be all loading, hauling, and emplacement of fill MATERIALS.

3.3 EMBANKMENT

A. This work shall consist of furnishing and placing the MATERIALS required for fill or embankment for the
construction as indicated on the plan. The MATERIAL used for embankment shall consist of sand, gravel
or a conglomerate thereof and/or other suitable MATERIAL approved by the ENGINEER. If the
MATERIALS considered for use outside of structures and road development are of a variable quality, the
CONTRACTOR shall plan his operation so that the upper two (2) feet of the embankment is constructed of
selected MATERIALS as approved and directed by the ENGINEER.

B. Prior to placing any embankment, the surface to receive the embankment shall be plowed or scarified. Fill
or embankment shall be placed in successive uniform layers not more than twelve (12) inches measured
loose. Each layer will then be compacted by an approved method in accordance with the procedure
specified under Compaction.

3.4 BACKFILL

A. All backfill MATERIAL shall be clean and free of all lumber, trash, or other debris, and shall be thoroughly
compacted in layers not more than twelve (12) inches and brought to an elevation above the finished grade
sufficient to provide settlement.

B. Where clay (MATERIAL classified by ASTM D2487 as CH, CL, or SC) or rock is encountered, carry
excavation 6" below required elevation and backfill with a 6" layer of sand, crushed stone or gravel prior to
installation of pipe.

C. Prior to backfilling, the areas around structures upon which backfill is to be placed shall be cleaned of all
trash and debris of any description, unless directed by the ENGINEER to be left in place, such as sheeting
and bracing.

D. Backfill excavations promptly, but not before completing the following:

1. Acceptance of construction below finished grade.

2. Testing, inspecting, and approval of underground UTILITIES.
3. Concrete formwork removal.
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4. Removal of trash and debris from excavation.

5. Removal of temporary shoring and bracing, and sheeting.
6. Installing permanent or temporary horizontal bracing on horizontally supported walls.

3.5 GRADING

A. General: Uniformly grade areas to a smooth surface, free from irregular surface changes. Comply with
compaction requirements and grade to cross sections, lines, and elevations indicated.

1. Provide a smooth transition between adjacent existing grades and new grades.
2. Cut out soft spots, fill low spots, and trim high spots to conform to required surface tolerances.

B. Grading for Roads: in final shaping of the surface of earthwork a tolerance of 0.3 foot above or below the
plan cross-section will be allowed with the following exceptions:

1. The surface of shoulders shall be shaped to within 0.1 foot of the Plan cross-section.
2. Earthwork shall be shaped to match adjacent pavement, curb, sidewalk, structures, etc.
3. Ditch bottoms shall be shaped so that no water will be impounded.
4. Fill areas, as indicated on the Drawings, shall be sloped so as to drain in direction indicated
without significant ponding.

3.6 COMPACTION

A. Areas to be compacted shall be moistened and compacted by either rolling, tamping or any other method
approved by the ENGINEER, in order to obtain the desired density. The ENGINEER shall inspect all
compacted areas prior to further construction operations.

B. Embankment adjacent to structures and under slabs for buildings and footings shall be compacted to a
density of not less than 98% of the standard proctor maximum density as determined by ASTM D-698 or a
density of not less than 95% of the modified proctor maximum density as determined by ASTM D-1557.

C. Embankment for roadways, sidewalks, and slab-on-grade shall be compacted to a density of not less than
98% as determined by AASHTO T-180.

D. All subgrades shall be compacted to a density of not less than 98% as determined by AASHTO T-180.

3.7 SUBGRADE

A. When the WORK under this CONTRACT includes the construction of a base and/or surface course for
roads, the subgrade WORK shall consist of bringing the bottom of excavations and the top of embankments
within the area to be paved to a surface conforming to the grades, lines and cross-sections shown on the
plans, of uniform required density ready to receive the base and/or paving course. All soft and yielding
MATERIAL and other portions of the subgrade which will not compact readily shall be removed and
replaced with suitable MATERIAL and the whole subgrade brought to line and grade and re-compacted.

3. 8 DREDGING AND FILL

A. Dredging for the production of fill MATERIAL shall be performed as a separate operation, and only to such
depths as suitable MATERIAL is available. Fill MATERIAL shall be free of clay, muck, and as free of silt
as possible. Adequate precautions will be taken to separate and use only suitable MATERIAL.
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B. All dikes, embankments, conduits, or bulkheads needed for protection of adjacent areas, and confining or
grading MATERIAL with waste weirs and ditches shall be provided and maintained by the
CONTRACTOR. The fill indicated on the plans is to be constructed of MATERIALS dredged from within
the excavation limits as shown on the plans, and all diking and incidental related WORK shall be completed
in advance of the hydraulic fill operations.

C. Selected dredging shall be accomplished by carefully directed hydraulic fill methods, including the shifting
and manipulation of the discharge to prevent ponding, formation of pockets of clay or silt, and forcing out
of suspended clay, muck or silt along the wastewater. Fill MATERIAL shall be placed to drain freely as
deposited. Ditching required to allow wastewater runoff shall be provided and maintained throughout the
operation.

3.9 MAINTENANCE AND PROTECTION OF WORK

A. While construction is in progress, adequate drainage for the PROJECT area shall be maintained at all times.
For areas of roadway construction, a shoulder at least three feet (3') wide shall be maintained adjacent to all
pavement or base construction in order to provide support for the edges.

B. The CONTRACTOR shall maintain all earthwork construction throughout the life of the CONTRACT,
unless otherwise provided, and shall take all reasonable precautions to prevent loss of MATERIAL from the
PROJECT area due to the action of wind or water. He shall repair at his expense, except as otherwise
provided herein, any slides, washouts, settlement, subsidence, or other mishap which may occur prior to
final acceptance of the WORK.

C. All channels excavated as a part of the CONTRACT WORK shall be maintained against natural shoaling or
other encroachments.

3.10 PROTECTION OF PERSONS AND PROPERTY

A. Barricade open excavations occurring as part of this WORK and post with warning lights.

B. Operate warning lights as recommended by authorities having jurisdiction.

C. Protect structures, UTILITIES, sidewalks, pavements and other facilities from damage caused by
settlement, lateral movement, under-mining, washout and other hazards created by earthwork operations.

D. Perform excavation within drip-line of large trees to remain by hand, and protect the root system from
damage or dry out to the greatest extent possible. Maintain moist condition for root system and cover
exposed roots with burlap. Paint root cuts of 2" diameter and larger with emulsified asphalt tree paint.

3.11 DISPOSAL OF SURPLUS AND WASTE MATERIALS

A. All waste MATERIALS, debris and/or unsuitable or excess topsoil resulting from site clearing shall become
the property of the CONTRACTOR and it shall be the responsibility of the CONTRACTOR to dispose of
all MATERIALS off the OWNER’S property in a legal manner in accordance with local code requirements.

B. Burning is not permitted on OWNER’S Property.

END OF SECTION 313201

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