1.IS - ls is a Linux shell command that lists directory contents of files and directories.

Some
practical

2. pwd : The ‘$pwd’ command stands for ‘print working directory’ and as the name says,it
displays the directory in which we are currently (directory is same as folder for Windows OS
users).
In the output we are harssh directory(folder for Windows OS that are moving to Linux),which
is present inside the home directory

3. is -a - show all the hidden file

4.is -l - give all type information about document

5. cd : The ‘$ cd’ command stands for ‘change directory’ and it changes your current
directory to the ‘newfolder’ directory.You can understand this a double clicking a folder and
then you do some stuff in that folder.
6.File ‘. ‘– it give the which type or format it is.

7.Locate – for search particular file

8.sudo apt-get install mlocate should install the 'locate' command, or you can install it from
here: mlocate maintains a database of all your files and is re-indexed once a day by default.
If you want it to re-index immediately then run sudo updatedb from the command line.

9.Which – n computing, which is a command in Unix and Unix-like operating systems used
to identify the location of executables. The command is also available in the AROS shell
and for FreeDOS. The functionality of the which command is similar to some
implementations of the typecommand. Basically it show that cal program is install or not and
where
10. History - In Linux, there is a very useful command to show you all of the
last commands that have been recently used. The command is simply called history, but
can also be accessed by looking at your .bash_history in your home folder. By default,
thehistory command will show you the last five hundredcommands you have entered.

11.Whatis- The whatis Command. The whatis command provides very brief
descriptions of command line programs (i.e., all-text mode programs) and other topics
related to Linux and other Unix-like operating systems. ... Both commands are unusual in
that they have no options..give the information of what the function can do

12.The man Command. The man command is used to format and display the manpages.
The man pages are a user manual that is by default built into most Linuxdistributions (i.e.,
versions) and most other Unix-like operating systems during installation.
13.Sudo-
The sudo command. The sudo command allows you to run programs with the security
privileges of another user (by default, as the superuser). It prompts you for your personal
password and confirms your request to execute a command by checking a file,
called sudoers , which the system administrator configures.

14.PING (Packet INternet Groper)- command is the best way to test connectivity between
two nodes. Whether it is Local Area Network (LAN) or Wide Area Network (WAN). Ping use
ICMP (Internet Control Message Protocol) to communicate to other devices. You
can ping host name of ip address using belowcommand.