Ukoug 12c Developers

12/18/2015
Note: Small fonts in this presentation
Can you read this ?
SQL> select sample_font

2 from dual ;
Copyright © 2015, Oracle and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved. | 1
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don’t forget your feedback
Copyright © 2015, Oracle and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved. |
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make you more successful with Oracle
12c for Developers
Connor McDonald
Developer Advocate for SQL
2015
Copyright © 2015, Oracle and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved. | Oracle Confidential – Internal/Restricted/Highly Restricted
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"why bother?"
2013 2014 2016 ? 2020 2021
12c 12.1.2 12.2

12c
desupported
management
visibility
"maybe"
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"why bother?"
(part 2)
don’t reinvent
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there's a lot in 12c !
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but not widely advertised
multi- tenant
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multi- tenant
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"why bother?"
(part 3)
our use of the db is simpler
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Code
1985
Value
DB
Mainframe Client Web SOA
Server
Code
DB 1997
Value

Server
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Cod
e
2013
Value
DB

Server
Many cool things....
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...but first impressions
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SQL> create user DEV_TESTING

2 identified by MYPASS;
create user DEV_TESTING identified by MYPASS

*
ERROR at line 1:
ORA-65096: invalid common user or role name
?
be patient
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but beware
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or let us do it
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http://www.oracle.com/technetwork/community/developer-vm/index.html
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lets get started …
Feature:
total recall
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flashback data archive
"hold on !"
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11g feature !
super sunday
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super sunday
why talk about it ?
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we've all done it...
project to project to project ...
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auditing row changes
SQL> desc T
Name Null? Type

----------------------------- -------- -------------
OWNER NOT NULL VARCHAR2(30)
OBJECT_NAME NOT NULL VARCHAR2(30)
SQL> desc T_AUDIT
Name Null? Type

----------------------------- -------- --------------
AUDIT_DATE DATE
AUDIT_ACTION CHAR(1)
OWNER NOT NULL VARCHAR2(30)
OBJECT_NAME NOT NULL VARCHAR2(30)
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SQL> create or replace

2 trigger AUDIT_TRG
3 after insert or update or delete on T
4 for each row
5 declare
6 v_action varchar2(1) := case when updating then 'U'
7 when deleting then 'D' else 'I' end;
8 begin
9 if updating or inserting then
10 insert into T_AUDIT
11 values (sysdate
12 ,v_action
13 ,:new.owner
14 ,:new.object_name);
15 else
17 values (sysdate
18 ,v_action
19 ,:old.owner
20 ,:old.object_name);
21 end if;
22 end;
works but slow...
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SQL> insert into T

2 select owner, object_name
3 from all_objects
4 where rownum <= 10000;
10000 rows created.
SQL> insert into T

2 insert
selectinto T
owner, object_name
3 from
select owner, all_objects
object_name
from all_objects
4 where
where rownumrownum
<= 10000 <= 10000;
call count cpu elapsed disk query current rows
10000-------
rows
Parse
created.
------
1
------- ----------
0.01 0.00
-------- --------- ----------
0 0 0
----------
0
Execute 1 3.10 3.05 88 123 10642 10000
Fetch 0 0.00 0.00 0 0 0 0
------- ------ ------- ---------- -------- --------- ---------- ----------
total 2 3.12 3.06 88 123 10642 10000
INSERT INTO T_AUDIT

VALUES (SYSDATE ,:B3 ,:B1 ,:B2 )

------- ------ ------- ---------- -------- --------- ---------- ----------
Parse 1 0.00 0.00 0 0 0 0
Execute 10000 0.79 0.97 2 109 10845 10000
Fetch 0 0.00 0.00 0 0 0 0
------- ------ ------- ---------- -------- --------- ---------- ----------
total 10001 0.79 0.97 2 109 10845 10000
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if you were dilligent
package
bulk binding
3 triggers
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11g+
compound trigger
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2 trigger AUDIT_TRG for insert or update or delete on T compound trigger
3
4 type each_row is record ( action varchar2(1),
5 owner varchar2(30),
6 object_name varchar2(30));
7 type row_list is table of each_row index by pls_integer;
8 g row_list;
9 v_action varchar2(1) :=
10 case when updating then 'U' when deleting then 'D' else 'I' end;
11
12 before statement is
13 begin
14 g.delete;
15 end before statement;
16
17 after each row is
18 begin
19 if updating or inserting then
...
...
21 g(g.count+1).owner := :new.owner;
22 g(g.count).object_name := :new.object_name;
23 else
24 g(g.count).owner := :old.owner;
25 g(g.count).object_name := :old.object_name;
26 end if;
27 end after each row;
28
29 after statement is
30 begin
31 forall i in 1 .. g.count
33 values (sysdate,v_action,g(i).owner,g(i).object_name);
34 g.delete;
35 end after statement;
36
37 end;
38 /
Trigger created.
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a better, faster, robust version ...
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flashback data archive
62
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SQL> create tablespace SPACE_FOR_ARCHIVE

2 datafile 'C:\ORACLE\DB12\ARCH_SPACE.DBF'
3 size 50G;
Tablespace created.
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SQL> CREATE FLASHBACK ARCHIVE longterm

2 TABLESPACE space_for_archive
3 RETENTION 1 YEAR;
Flashback archive created.
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SQL> ALTER TABLE EMP FLASHBACK ARCHIVE LONGTERM;
Table altered.
[lots of DML on EMP]
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SQL> select * from EMP;
--------------------------------------------------
| Id | Operation | Name | Rows | Bytes |
--------------------------------------------------
| 0 | SELECT STATEMENT | | 14 | 518 |
| 1 | TABLE ACCESS FULL| EMP | 14 | 518 |
--------------------------------------------------
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SQL> select * from EMP

2 AS OF TIMESTAMP SYSDATE-1/24;
--------------------------------------------------
| Id | Operation | Name | Rows | Bytes |
--------------------------------------------------
| 0 | SELECT STATEMENT | | 14 | 518 |
| 1 | TABLE ACCESS FULL| EMP | 14 | 518 |
--------------------------------------------------
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3 days later...
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SQL> select * from EMP

2 AS OF TIMESTAMP SYSDATE-3;
-----------------------------------------------------------------
| Id | Operation | Name | Rows |
-----------------------------------------------------------------
| 0 | SELECT STATEMENT | | 446 |
| 1 | VIEW | | 446 |
| 2 | UNION-ALL | | |
|* 3 | FILTER | | |
| 4 | PARTITION RANGE ITERATOR| | 445 |
|* 5 | TABLE ACCESS FULL | SYS_FBA_HIST_69539 | 445 |
|* 6 | FILTER | | |
|* 7 | HASH JOIN OUTER | | 1 |
|* 8 | TABLE ACCESS FULL | EMP | 1 |
|* 9 | TABLE ACCESS FULL | SYS_FBA_TCRV_69539 | 14 |
------------------------------------------------------------------
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SQL> select table_name

2 from user_tables
3 /
TABLE_NAME
---------------------------
SYS_FBA_HIST_71036
SYS_FBA_TCRV_71036
SYS_FBA_DDL_COLMAP_71036
EMP
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"I dont care what EMP looked like in June"
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can also be your audit !
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SQL> alter table EMP add

2 LAST_MOD timestamp default SYSTIMESTAMP;
SQL> update EMP

2 set sal = sal*10
3 where empno = 7369;
SQL> delete from EMP

SQL> update EMP

2 set job = 'SALES'
3 where ename = 'SMITH';
SQL> update EMP

2 set comm = 1000
SQL> commit;
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SQL> select empno, ename, job, sal, comm,

2 nvl(VERSIONS_STARTTIME,LAST_MOD) TS
3 ,nvl(VERSIONS_OPERATION,'I') op
4 from EMP
5 versions between timestamp
6 timestamp '2015-02-11 20:12:00' and systimestamp
7 order by empno, ts;
EMPNO ENAME JOB SAL COMM TS O

---------- ---------- --------- ---------- ---------- ------------ -
7369 SMITH CLERK 806 08.10.51 PM I
7369 SMITH SALES 8060 1000 08.12.10 PM U
7499 ALLEN SALESMAN 1606 300000000 08.10.51 PM I
7521 WARD SALESMAN 1256 500000000 08.10.51 PM I
7566 JONES MANAGER 2981 08.10.51 PM I
...
7900 JAMES CLERK 956 08.10.51 PM I
7902 FORD ANALYST 3006 08.10.51 PM I
7934 MILLER CLERK 1306 08.10.51 PM I
7934 MILLER CLERK 1306 08.12.10 PM D
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so why didn't we ?
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reason 1
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"yeah...but who ? where ? how ?"
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SQL> alter table EMP add UPDATED_BY varchar2(10);
Table altered.
SQL> alter table EMP add UPDATED_PGM varchar2(10);
Table altered.
[etc]
[etc]
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reason 2
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separately licensed
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can 12c help ?
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1) context extension
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SQL> begin
2 dbms_flashback_archive.set_context_level(
3 level=> 'ALL');
4 end;
PL/SQL procedure successfully completed.
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SQL> update EMP

2 set sal = sal*10
1 row updated.
SQL> commit;
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SQL> select XID from SYS_FBA_HIST_510592;
XID
----------------
09000B00C7080000
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SQL> set serverout on

SQL> begin
2 dbms_output.put_line(
3 dbms_flashback_archive.get_sys_context (
4 '09000B00C7080000', 'USERENV', 'SESSION_USER'));
5
8 '09000B00C7080000', 'USERENV', 'HOST'));
9
12 '09000B00C7080000', 'USERENV', 'MODULE'));
13 end;
14 /
SCOTT
WORKGROUP\XPS
SQL*Plus
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...and a few other things 
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SQL> desc SYS.SYS_FBA_CONTEXT_AUD
Name Null? Type

------------------------- -------- ------------------
XID RAW(8)
ACTION VARCHAR2(256)
AUTHENTICATED_IDENTITY VARCHAR2(256)
CLIENT_IDENTIFIER VARCHAR2(256)
CLIENT_INFO VARCHAR2(256)
CURRENT_EDITION_NAME VARCHAR2(256)
CURRENT_SCHEMA VARCHAR2(256)
CURRENT_USER VARCHAR2(256)
DATABASE_ROLE VARCHAR2(256)
DB_NAME VARCHAR2(256)
GLOBAL_UID VARCHAR2(256)
HOST VARCHAR2(256)
IDENTIFICATION_TYPE VARCHAR2(256)
INSTANCE_NAME VARCHAR2(256)
IP_ADDRESS VARCHAR2(256)
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MODULE VARCHAR2(256)
OS_USER VARCHAR2(256)
CURRENT_EDITION_NAME VARCHAR2(256)
CURRENT_SCHEMA VARCHAR2(256)
CURRENT_USER VARCHAR2(256)
DATABASE_ROLE VARCHAR2(256)
DB_NAME VARCHAR2(256)
GLOBAL_UID VARCHAR2(256)
HOST VARCHAR2(256)
IDENTIFICATION_TYPE VARCHAR2(256)
INSTANCE_NAME VARCHAR2(256)
IP_ADDRESS VARCHAR2(256)
MODULE VARCHAR2(256)
OS_USER VARCHAR2(256)
SERVER_HOST VARCHAR2(256)
SERVICE_NAME VARCHAR2(256)
SESSION_EDITION_NAME VARCHAR2(256)
SESSION_USER VARCHAR2(256)
SESSION_USERID VARCHAR2(256)
SESSIONID VARCHAR2(256)
TERMINAL VARCHAR2(256)
SPARE VARCHAR2(256)
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SQL> @pt "select * from SYS.SYS_FBA_CONTEXT_AUD

where xid = '09000B00C7080000'"
XID : 09000B00C7080000
AUTHENTICATED_IDENTITY : scott
CLIENT_IDENTIFIER :
CLIENT_INFO :
CURRENT_EDITION_NAME : ORA$BASE
CURRENT_SCHEMA : SYS
CURRENT_USER : SYS
DATABASE_ROLE : PRIMARY
DB_NAME : np12
HOST : WORKGROUP\XPS
IDENTIFICATION_TYPE : LOCAL
INSTANCE_NAME : np12
MODULE : SQL*Plus
OS_USER : xps\hamcdc
SERVER_HOST : xps
...
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SQL> select empno, ename, job, sal, comm,

2 VERSIONS_XID
3 from EMP
5 timestamp '2015-02-11 20:12:00' and systimestamp
6 order by empno;
EMPNO ENAME JOB SAL COMM VERSIONS_XID

---------- ---------- --------- ---------- ---------- ----------------
7369 SMITH CLERK 806
7369 SMITH SALES 8060 1000 09001C00E04A0000
7499 ALLEN CLERK 16060 300000000 0A000A0024080000
7499 ALLEN SALESMAN 16060 300000000 09000B00C7080000
7499 ALLEN SALESMAN 1606 300000000
7521 WARD SALESMAN 1256 500000000
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SQL> select ...

2 from
3 ( select
4 empno, ename, job,
5 sal, comm, VERSIONS_XID
6 from EMP
8 timestamp '2015-02-11 20:12:00' and
9 systimestamp
10 ) e, SYS.SYS_FBA_CONTEXT_AUD a
11 where e.VERSIONS_XID = a.XID;
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keep an eye on space
SYSTEM tablespace
94
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2) about that price...
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flashback data archive is now …
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not a typo
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basic versus advanced
compression
choose your cost
partitioning
100
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so think about FDA
secure
read only
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efficient
fdba
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all of your history...
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all of your audit...
"Gee...thanks"
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"Its a bit late now"
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You can convert
108
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DBMS_FLASHBACK_ARCHIVE.IMPORT_HISTORY
109
be careful...
110
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SQL> ALTER TABLE EMP FLASHBACK ARCHIVE LONGTERM;
Table altered.
Flashback Archive:
Error ORA-1950 in SQL create table "SCOTT".SYS_FBA_DDL_COLMAP_91938
(STARTSCN NUMBER, ENDSCN NUMBER...
Flashback Archive:
Error ORA-942 in SQL insert into "SCOTT".SYS_FBA_DDL_COLMAP_91938
(ENDSCN, COLUMN_NAME, TYPE, ...
Flashback Archive:
Error ORA-942 in SQL "select count(*) from "SCOTT".SYS_FBA_DDL_COLMAP_91938"
111
Feature:
better truncate
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SQL> create table PARENT ( p int primary key );
Table created.
SQL> create table CHILD

2 ( c int primary key,
3 p int references PARENT ( p )
4 );
Table created.
SQL> insert into PARENT values (1);
1 row created.
SQL> insert into CHILD values (1,1);
1 row created.
SQL> truncate table PARENT;
truncate table PARENT

*
ERROR at line 1:
ORA-02266: unique/primary keys in table referenced by
enabled foreign keys
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SQL> create table CHILD

2 ( c int primary key,
3 p int references PARENT ( p )
4 on delete cascade);
Table created.
SQL> insert into PARENT values (1);

SQL> insert into CHILD values (1,1);

truncate table PARENT
*
ERROR at line 1:
ORA-02266: unique/primary keys in table referenced by
enabled foreign keys
SQL> alter table CHILD disable constraint CHILD_FK;
SQL> truncate table CHILD;
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SQL> alter table CHILD disable constraint CHILD_FK;
SQL> truncate table CHILD;
SQL> alter table CHILD enable constraint CHILD_FK;
ERROR at line 1:
ORA-02298: cannot enable CHILD_FK - parent keys not found
12c
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SQL> truncate table PARENT cascade;
Table truncated.
must be on delete cascade
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SQL> alter table child modify

2 constraint CHILD_FK on delete cascade;
ERROR at line 1:
ORA-00933: SQL command not properly ended
SQL> alter table child add

2 constraint NEW_FK foreign key ( p )
3 references parent ( p ) on delete cascade;
ERROR at line 1:
ORA-02275: such a referential constraint already
exists in the table
full cascade
be careful
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referential partitions
Feature
session level sequence
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SQL> create sequence SESS_SEQ session;
Sequence created.
SQL> select sess_seq.nextval from dual;
NEXTVAL
----------
1
SQL> conn scott/tiger

Connected.
SQL> select sess_seq.nextval from dual;
NEXTVAL
----------
1
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"big deal"
"bad" reason
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SQL> select X SQL> select X

2 from GTT; 2 from GTT;
X X
---------- ----------
1 1
2 2
3 3
4 4
5 5
6 6
7 7
8 8
9 9
... ...
better reason
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contention
SQL> create sequence NORMAL cache 1000;
Sequence created.
SQL> alter session set sql_trace = true;
SQL> insert into GTT

2 select SESS_SEQ.NEXTVAL
3 from dual
4 connect by level < 50000;
49999 rows created.
SQL> insert into GTT

2 select NORMAL.NEXTVAL
3 from dual
4 connect by level < 50000;
49999 rows created.

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insert into GTT

select NORMAL.NEXTVAL
from dual
connect by level < 50000

------- ------ -------- ---------- ---------- ---------- ---------- ----------
Parse 1 0.00 0.00 0 0 0 0
Execute 1 0.35 0.35 0 147 642 49999
Fetch 0 0.00 0.00 0 0 0 0
------- ------ -------- ---------- ---------- ---------- ---------- ----------
total 2 0.35 0.35 0 147 642 49999
insert into GTT

select SESS_SEQ.NEXTVAL
from dual
connect by level < 50000

------- ------ -------- ---------- ---------- ---------- ---------- ----------
Parse 1 0.00 0.00 0 0 0 0
Execute 1 0.25 0.25 0 145 592 49999
Fetch 0 0.00 0.00 0 0 0 0
------- ------ -------- ---------- ---------- ---------- ---------- ----------
total 2 0.25 0.25 0 145 592 49999
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update SEQ$
set increment$=:2,minvalue=:3,maxvalue=:4,
cycle#=:5,order$=:6,
cache=:7,highwater=:8,audit$=:9,
flags=:10,partcount=:11
where
obj#=:1

------- ------ -------- ---------- ---------- ---------- ---------- ----------
Parse 1 0.00 0.00 0 0 0 0
Execute 50 0.00 0.00 0 50 103 50
Fetch 0 0.00 0.00 0 0 0 0
------- ------ -------- ---------- ---------- ---------- ---------- ----------
total 51 0.00 0.00 0 50 103 50
but still … really ?
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the importance of community
other 12c feature
DBA
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temporary undo
temporary undo
+
session sequences
+
active dataguard
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read/write GTT in DataGuard !
Feature:
defaults
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the most common ...
and the absolute worst ...
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usage of triggers
SQL> create sequence seq;
Sequence created.
SQL> create table T ( pk number , c1 int);
Table created.

2 trigger FILL_IN_PK
3 before insert on T
4 for each row
5 begin
6 select seq.nextval into :new.pk from dual;
7 end;
8 /
Trigger created.
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SQL> create sequence seq;
Sequence created.
SQL> create table T ( pk number , c1 int);
Table created.

4 for each row
5 begin
6 select seq.nextval
:new.pk into :new.pk from dual;
:= seq.nextval;
7 end;
8 /
Trigger created.
SQL> insert into T values (10,20);
1 row created.
SQL> select * from T;
PK C1
---------- ----------
1 20
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we got smarter

4 for each row
5 when ( new.pk is null )
6 begin
7 select seq.nextval into :new.pk from dual;
8 end;
9 /
PK C1
---------- ----------
1 20
20 20
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triggers
over rated ...
for that stuff
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insert /* with trigger */ into T

select rownum, rownum
from dual connect by level <= 50000

------- ------ -------- ---------- ---------- ---------- ---------- ----------
Parse 1 0.00 0.00 0 0 0 0
Execute 1 5.64 5.64 0 466 1608 50000
Fetch 0 0.00 0.00 0 0 0 0
------- ------ -------- ---------- ---------- ---------- ---------- ----------
total 2 5.64 5.65 0 466 1608 50000
insert /* without trigger */ into T


------- ------ -------- ---------- ---------- ---------- ---------- ----------
Parse 1 0.00 0.00 0 0 0 0
Execute 1 0.09 0.15 0 466 1620 50000
Fetch 0 0.00 0.00 0 0 0 0
------- ------ -------- ---------- ---------- ---------- ---------- ----------
total 2 0.09 0.15 0 466 1620 50000
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12c ... finally !
SQL> create table T ( pk number default seq.nextval ,

2 c1 int);
June 1992
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SQL> insert into T ( c1 ) values (0);
PK C1
---------- ----------
2 0
SQL> insert into T ( pk, c1 ) values (default, 1) ;
PK C1
---------- ----------
2 0
3 1
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insert /* with default */ into T


------- ------ -------- ---------- ---------- ---------- ---------- ----------
Parse 1 0.00 0.00 0 0 0 0
Execute 1 0.06 0.07 0 467 1608 50000
Fetch 0 0.00 0.00 0 0 0 0
------- ------ -------- ---------- ---------- ---------- ---------- ----------
total 2 0.06 0.08 0 467 1608 50000
other default improvements
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identity
SQL> drop table t purge;
Table dropped.
SQL> create table T

2 ( pk number generated as identity ,
3 c1 int);
Table created.
SQL> select object_id, object_name,

2 object_type from user_objects;
OBJECT_ID OBJECT_NAME OBJECT_TYPE

---------- ------------------ ------------
414914 T TABLE
414915 ISEQ$$_414914 SEQUENCE
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SQL> @pr "select * from user_sequences"
SEQUENCE_NAME : ISEQ$$_414914
MIN_VALUE : 1
MAX_VALUE : 9999999999999999999999
INCREMENT_BY : 1
CYCLE_FLAG : N
ORDER_FLAG : N
CACHE_SIZE : 20
LAST_NUMBER : 1
PARTITION_COUNT :
SESSION_FLAG : N
KEEP_VALUE : N
SQL> create table T

2 ( pk number
3 generated as identity (cache 1000)
4 , c1 int);
Table created.
insert into T values (1,2)

*
ERROR at line 1:
ORA-32795: cannot insert into a generated always identity column
can choose
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more null control
before 12c
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SQL> create table T (

2 pk int,
3 status varchar2(1) default 'N' );
Table created.
SQL> insert into T (pk) values (1);
1 row created.
SQL> insert into T (pk, status) values (2,default);
1 row created.
SQL> insert into T (pk, status) values (3,null);
1 row created.
PK STATUS
---------- ------
1 N
2 N
3
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workarounds unpleasant

2 procedure ins(p_pk int, p_status varchar2) is
3 begin
4 if p_status is null then
5 insert into T (pk, status)
6 values (p_pk, default );
7 else
8 insert into T (pk, status)
9 values (p_pk, p_status );
10 end if;
11 end;
12 /
Procedure created.
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12c "on null"
SQL> create table T (

2 pk int,
3 status varchar2(1) default on null 'N' ,
4 start_date date default on null sysdate,
5 commission int default on null 1000,
6 job_level int default on null 1
7 );
SQL> insert into T values (1,null,null,null,null);
1 row created.
PK S START_DAT COMMISSION JOB_LEVEL

---------- - --------- ---------- ----------
1 N 01-JAN-14 1000 1
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Feature
query expansion
SQL> set autotrace traceonly stat
SQL> select * from MY_VIEW

2 where CREATED > sysdate
Statistics
------------------------------------------
651 recursive calls
0 db block gets
2243 consistent gets
24 physical reads
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SQL> variable c clob
SQL> begin
2 dbms_utility.expand_sql_text
3 ( 'select * from MY_VIEW'||
4 'where created > sysdate',:c);
5 end;
6 /
SQL> print c

2 view MY_VIEW as
3 select
4 o.owner,
5 o.created,
6 s.bytes,
7 s.tablespace_name
8 from
9 dba_segments s,
10 all_objects o
11 where o.owner = s.owner
12 and o.object_name = s.segment_name;
View created.
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SELECT "A1"."OWNER" "OWNER",

"A1"."NAME" "NAME",
"A1"."CREATED" "CREATED",
"A1"."BYTES" "BYTES",
"A1"."TABLESPACE_NAME" "TABLESPACE_NAME"
FROM (SELECT "A2"."OWNER" "OWNER",
"A2"."OBJECT_NAME" "NAME",
"A2"."CREATED" "CREATED",
"A3"."BYTES" "BYTES",
"A3"."TABLESPACE_NAME" "TABLESPACE_NAME" FROM (SELECT "A4"
."OWNER" "OWNER",
"A4"."SEGMENT_NAME" "SEGMENT_NAME",
"A4"."PARTITION_NAME" "PARTITION_NAME",
"A4"."SEGMENT_TYPE" "SEGMENT_TYPE",
"A4"."SEGMENT_SUBTYPE" "SEGMENT_SUBTYPE",
"A4"."TABLESPACE_NAME" "TABLESPACE_NAME",
"A4"."HEADER_FILE" "HEADER_FILE",
"A4"."HEADER_BLOCK" "HEADER_BLOCK",
DECODE(BITAND("A4"."SEGMENT_FLAGS",131072),131072,
"A4"."BLOCKS",DECODE(BITAND("A4"."SEGMENT_FLAGS",1),1,
"SYS"."DBMS_SPACE_ADMIN"."SEGMENT_NUMBER_BLOCKS"("A4"."TABLESPACE_ID",
"A4"."RELATIVE_FNO",
"A4"."HEADER_BLOCK",
"A4"."SEGMENT_TYPE_ID",
"A4"."BUFFER_POOL_ID",
"A4"."SEGMENT_FLAGS",
"A4"."SEGMENT_OBJD",
"A4"."BLOCKS"),
"A4"."BLOCKS"))*"A4"."BLOCKSIZE" "BYTES",
DECODE(BITAND("A4"."SEGMENT_FLAGS",131072),131072,
"A4"."BLOCKS",DECODE(BITAND("A4"."SEGMENT_FLAGS",1),1,
"A4"."BLOCKS"),
"A4"."BLOCKS")) "BLOCKS",DECODE(BITAND("A4"."SEGMENT_FLAGS",131072),131072,
"A4"."EXTENTS",DECODE(BITAND("A4"."SEGMENT_FLAGS",1),1,
"SYS"."DBMS_SPACE_ADMIN"."SEGMENT_NUMBER_EXTENTS"("A4"."TABLESPACE_ID",
"A4"."RELATIVE_FNO",
"A4"."EXTENTS"),
"A4"."EXTENTS")) "EXTENTS",
"A4"."INITIAL_EXTENT" "INITIAL_EXTENT",
"A4"."NEXT_EXTENT" "NEXT_EXTENT",
"A4"."MIN_EXTENTS" "MIN_EXTENTS",
"A4"."MAX_EXTENTS" "MAX_EXTENTS",
"A4"."MAX_SIZE" "MAX_SIZE",
"A4"."RETENTION" "RETENTION",
"A4"."MINRETENTION" "MINRETENTION",
"A4"."PCT_INCREASE" "PCT_INCREASE",
"A4"."FREELISTS" "FREELISTS",
"A4"."FREELIST_GROUPS" "FREELIST_GROUPS",
"A4"."RELATIVE_FNO" "RELATIVE_FNO",Copyright © 2015, Oracle and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved. | 169
DECODE("A4"."BUFFER_POOL_ID",1,'KEEP',2,'RECYCLE','DEFAULT') "BUFFER_POOL",
89
12/18/2015
"A198"."SUBNAME" "PARTITION_NAME",
"A196"."OBJECT_TYPE" "SEGMENT_TYPE",
"A195"."TYPE#" "SEGMENT_TYPE_ID",DECODE(BIT
AND("A195"."SPARE1",2097408),2097152,'SECUREFILE',256,'ASSM','MSSM')
"SEGMENT_SUBTYPE",
"A197"."TS#" "TABLESPACE_ID",
"A197"."NAME" "TABLESPACE_NAME",
"A197"."BLOCKSIZE" "BLOCKSIZE",
"A194"."FILE#" "HEADER_FILE",
"A195"."BLOCK#" "HEADER_BLOCK",
"A195"."BLOCKS"*"A197"."BLOCKSIZE" "BYTES",
"A195"."BLOCKS" "BLOCKS",
"A195"."EXTENTS" "EXTENTS",
"A195"."INIEXTS"*"A197"."BLOCKSIZE" "INITIAL_EXTENT",
"A195"."EXTSIZE"*"A197"."BLOCKSIZE" "NEXT_EXTENT",
"A195"."MINEXTS" "MIN_EXTENTS",
"A195"."MAXEXTS"
"MAX_EXTENTS",DECODE(BITAND("A195"."SPARE1",4194304),4194304,
"A195"."BITMAPRANGES",NULL) "MAX_SIZE",TO_CHAR(DECODE(
BITAND("A195"."SPARE1",2097152),2097152,
DECODE("A195"."LISTS",0,'NONE',1,'AUTO',2,'MIN',3,'MAX',4,'DEFAULT','INVALID'
),NULL))
"RETENTION",DECODE(BITAND("A195"."SPARE1",2097152),2097152,
"A195"."GROUPS",NULL)
"MINRETENTION",DECODE(BITAND("A197"."FLAGS",3),1,TO_NUMBER(NULL),
"A195"."EXTPCT") "PCT_INCREASE",DECODE(BITAND("A197"."FLAGS",32),32,
TO_NUMBER(NULL),DECODE("A195"."LISTS",0,1,
"A195"."LISTS"))
"FREELISTS",DECODE(BITAND("A197"."FLAGS",32),32,TO_NUMBER(NULL),DECODE("A195"
."GROUPS",0,1,
"A195"."GROUPS")) "FREELIST_GROUPS",
DECODE(BITAND("A209"."PROPERTY",8192),8192,'NESTED TABLE','TABLE')
"OBJECT_TYPE",
2 "OBJECT_TYPE_ID",5 "SEGMENT_TYPE_ID",
"A209"."OBJ#" "OBJECT_ID",
"A209"."TS#" "TS_NUMBER" FROM "SYS"."TAB$" "A209" WHERE
BITAND("A209"."PROPERTY",1024)=0) UNI
ON ALL (SELECT 'TABLE PARTITION' "OBJECT_TYPE",19 "OBJECT_TYPE_ID",5
"SEGMENT_TYPE_ID",
"A208"."TS#" "TS_NUMBER" FROM "SYS"."TABPART$" "A208") UNION ALL
(SELECT 'CLUSTER' "OBJECT_TYPE",3 "OBJECT_TYPE_ID",5 "SEGMENT_TYPE_ID",
"A207"."TS#" "TS_NUMBER" FROM "SYS"."CLU$" "A207") UNION ALL
(SELECT DECODE("A206"."TYPE#",8,'LOBINDEX','INDEX') "OBJECT_TYPE",1
"OBJECT_TYPE_ID",6 "SEGMENT_TYPE_ID",
"A206"."TS#" "TS_NUMBER" FROM "SYS"."IND$" "A206" WHERE "A206"."TYPE#"=1 OR
"A206"."TYPE#"=2 OR
"A206"."TYPE#"=3 OR
"A206"."TYPE#"=4 OR
"A206"."TYPE#"=6 OR Copyright © 2015, Oracle and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved. | 171
"A206"."TYPE#"=7 OR
90
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"A205"."TS#" "TS_NUMBER" FROM "SYS"."INDPART$" "A205") UNION ALL

(SELECT 'LOBSEGMENT' "OBJECT_TYPE",21 "OBJECT_TYPE_ID",8 "SEGMENT_TYPE_ID",
"A204"."LOBJ#" "OBJECT_ID",
"A204"."TS#" "TS_NUMBER" FROM "SYS"."LOB$" "A204" WHERE
BITAND("A204"."PROPERTY",64)=0 OR
BITAND("A204"."PROPERTY",128)=128) UNION ALL
(SELECT 'TABLE SUBPARTITION' "OBJECT_TYPE",34 "OBJECT_TYPE_ID",5
"SEGMENT_TYPE_ID",
"A203"."TS#" "TS_NUMBER" FROM "SYS"."TABSUBPART$" "A203") UNION ALL
(SELECT 'INDEX SUBPARTITION' "OBJECT_TYPE",35 "OBJECT_TYPE_ID",6
"SEGMENT_TYPE_ID",
"A202"."TS#" "TS_NUMBER" FROM "SYS"."INDSUBPART$" "A202") UNION ALL
(SELECT DECODE("A201"."FRAGTYPE$",'P','LOB PARTITION','LOB SUBPARTITION')
"OBJECT_TYPE",DECODE("A201"."FRAGTYPE$",'P',40,41) "OBJECT_TYPE_ID",8
"SEGMENT_TYPE_ID",
"A201"."FRAGOBJ#" "OBJECT_ID",
"A201"."TS#" "TS_NUMBER" FROM "SYS"."LOBFRAG$" "A201")) "A196",
"SYS"."SEG$" "A195", Copyright © 2015, Oracle and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved. | 172
"SYS"."FILE$" "A194" WHERE "A195"."FILE#"="A196"."HEADER_FILE" AND
"A195"."FILE#"="A194"."RELFILE#") UNION ALL

(SELECT NVL("A193"."NAME",'SYS') "OWNER",
"A191"."NAME" "SEGMENT_NAME",NULL "PARTITION_NAME",
DECODE("A190"."TYPE#",1,'ROLLBACK',10,'TYPE2 UNDO') "SEGMENT_TYPE",
"A190"."TYPE#" "SEGMENT_TYPE_ID",NULL "SEGMENT_SUBTYPE",
"A190"."MAXEXTS"
"A190"."BITMAPRANGES",NULL) "MAX_SIZE",NULL "RETENTION",NULL "MINRETENTION",
"A190"."EXTPCT"
"PCT_INCREASE",DECODE(BITAND("A192"."FLAGS",32),32,TO_NUMBER(NULL),DECODE("A1
90"."LISTS",0,1,
"A190"."LISTS"))
"FREELISTS",DECODE(BITAND("A192"."FLAGS",32),32,TO_NUMBER(NULL),
DECODE("A190"."GROUPS",0,1,"A190"."GROUPS")) "FREELIST_GROUPS",
"A190"."FILE#" "RELATIVE_FNO",BITAND("A190"."CACHEHINT",3)
"BUFFER_POOL_ID",BITAND("A190"."CACHEHINT",12)/4 "FLASH_CACHE",
BITAND("A190"."CACHEHINT",48)/16 "CELL_FLASH_CACHE",NVL("A190"."SPARE1",0)
"SEGMENT_FLAGS", Copyright © 2015, Oracle and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved. | 173
"A191"."US#" "SEGMENT_OBJD" FROM "SYS"."USER$" "A193","SYS"."TS$" "A192",
91
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"A191"."TS#"="A189"."TS#" AND
(SELECT NVL("A188"."NAME",'SYS') "OWNER",
TO_CHAR("A185"."FILE#")||'.'||TO_CHAR("A186"."BLOCK#")
"SEGMENT_NAME",NULL "PARTITION_NAME",
DECODE("A186"."TYPE#",2,'DEFERRED ROLLBACK',3,
'TEMPORARY',4,'CACHE',9,'SPACE HEADER','UNDEFINED')
"SEGMENT_TYPE",
"A186"."TYPE#" "SEGMENT_TYPE_ID",NULL
"SEGMENT_SUBTYPE",
"A186"."TYPE#"<>6 AND
"A186"."TYPE#"<>8 AND
"A186"."TYPE#"<>10 AND
"A186"."TYPE#"<>11 AND
"A186"."TS#"="A185"."TS#"
AND
(SELECT NVL("A184"."NAME",'SYS') "OWNER",'HEATMAP' "SEGMENT_NAME",
NULL "PARTITION_NAME",'SYSTEM STATISTICS' "SEGMENT_TYPE",
"A182"."TYPE#" "SEGMENT_TYPE_ID",NULL "SEGMENT_SUBTYPE",
"A183"."BLO
CKSIZE" "BLOCKSIZE",
"A182"."MAXEXTS"
"A182"."BITMAPRANGES",NULL) "MAX_SIZE",NULL "RETENTION",NULL
"MINRETENTION",DECODE(BITAND("A183"."FLAGS",3),1,TO_NUMBER(NULL),
"A182"."EXTPCT")
"PCT_INCREASE",DECODE(BITAND("A183"."FLAGS",32),32,TO_NUMBER(NULL),DEC
ODE("A182"."LISTS",0,1,
92
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"SYS"."TS$" "A183",
"SYS"."SEG$" "A182",
"SYS"."FILE$" "A181" WHERE "A182"."TS#"="A183"."TS#" AND
"A182"."USER#"="A184"."USER#"(+) AND
"A182"."TYPE#"=11 AND
"A182"."TS#"="A181"."TS#" AND
"A182"."FILE#"="A181"."RELFILE#")) "A4") "A3", (SELECT "A5"."NAME" "OWNER",
"A6"."NAME" "OBJECT_NAME",
"A6"."SUBNAME" "SUBOBJECT_NAME",
"A6"."DATAOBJ#" "DATA_OBJECT_ID",DECODE("A6"."TYPE#",0,'NEXT OBJECT',1,'INDEX',
2,'TABLE',3,'CLUSTER',4,'VIEW',5,'SYNONYM
',6,'SEQUENCE',7,'PROCEDURE',8,'FUNCTION',9,'PACKAGE',11,'PACKAGE BODY',12,
'TRIGGER',13,'TYPE',14,'TYPE BODY',19,'TABLE PARTITION',20,'INDEX PARTITION',
21,'LOB',22,'LIBRARY',23,'DIRECTORY',24,'QUEUE',28,'JAVA SOURCE',29,'JAVA CLASS',30,
'JAVA RESOURCE',32,'INDEXTYPE',33,'OPERATOR',34,
'TABLE SUBPARTITION',35,'INDEX SUBPARTITION',40,'LOB PARTITION',41,'LOB SUBPARTITION',42
,NVL( (SELECT 'REWRITE EQUIVALENCE' "'REWRITEEQUIVALENCE'" FROM SYS."SUM$" "A52" WHERE
"A52"."OBJ#"="A6"."OBJ#" AND
BITAND("A52"."XPFLAGS",8388608)=8388608),'MATERIALIZED VIEW'),43,'DIMENSION',
44,'CONTEXT',46,'RULE SET',47,'RESOURCE PLAN',48,'CONSUMER GROUP',55,'XML SCHEMA',56,'JAVA
DATA',57,'EDITION',59,'RULE',
60,'CAPTURE',61,'APPLY',62,'EVALUATION CONTEXT',66,'JOB',67,'PROGRAM',68,'JOB CLASS',69,
'WINDOW',72,'SCHEDULER GROUP',74,'SCHEDULE',79,'CHAIN',81,'FILE GROUP',82,'MINING
MODEL',87,'ASSEMBLY',90,'CREDENTIAL',92,'CUBE
DIMENSION',93,'CUBE',94,'MEASURE FOLDER',95,'CUBE BUILD PROCESS',100,'FILE WATCHER',
101,'DESTINATION',114,'SQL TRANSLATION PROFILE',115,'UNIFIED AUDIT POLICY','UNDEFINED')
"OBJECT_TYPE",
"A6"."CTIME" "CREATED", Copyright © 2015, Oracle and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved. | 176
"A6"."MTIME" "LAST_DDL_TIME",TO_CHAR("A6"."STIME",'YYYY-MM-DD:HH24:MI:SS') "TIMESTAMP",DEC
16 ...
more
pages
93
12/18/2015
Feature
PL/SQL debugging
it all starts off easy
94
12/18/2015
SQL> create or replace procedure P is

2 x int;
3 y int;
4 begin
5
6 x := 10;
7
8 select count(*)
9 into y
10 from all_objects
11 where object_name = 'NUTHIN';
12
13 x := x / y;
14
15 select rownum
16 into x
17 from dual;
18
19 end;
20 /
SQL> exec P;
BEGIN P; END;
*
ERROR at line 1:
ORA-01476: divisor is equal to zero
ORA-06512: at "SCOTT.P", line 13
ORA-06512: at line 1
95
12/18/2015

2 x int;
3 y int;
4 begin
5
6 x := 10;
7
8 select count(*)
9 into y
10 from all_objects
11 where object_name = 'NUFFIN';
12
13 x := x / y;
14
15 select rownum
16 into x
17 from dual;
18
19 end;
20 /
... and downhill from there
96
12/18/2015

2 x int;
3 y int;
4 begin
5
6 x := 10;
7
8 select count(*)
9 into y
10 from all_objects
12
13 x := x / y;
14
15 select rownum
16 into x
17 from dual;
18
19 exception
20 when others then
21 log_error;
22 raise;
23 end;
24 /
SQL> exec P;
BEGIN P; END;
*
ERROR at line 1:
97
12/18/2015

2 x int;
3 y int;
4 begin
5
6 x := 10;
7
8 select count(*)
?
9 into y
10 from all_objects
12
13 x := x / y;
14
15 select rownum
16 into x
17 from dual;
18
19 exception
20 when others then
21 log_error;
22 raise;
23 end;
24 /

2 x int;
3 y int;
4 begin
5
6 x := 10;
7
...
18
19 exception
20 when others then
22 dbms_utility.format_call_stack);
23 raise;
24 end;
25 /
98
12/18/2015
SQL> exec P;
----- PL/SQL Call Stack -----

object line object
handle number name
0x14b1e3900 21 procedure SCOTT.P
0x12521b8d8 1 anonymous block
BEGIN P; END;
*
ERROR at line 1:

2 x int;
3 y int;
4 l_debug varchar2(4000);
5 begin
6 l_debug := dbms_utility.format_call_stack;
7
8 x := 10;
9
11 select count(*)
12 into y
13 from all_objects
15
17 x := x / y;
18
20 select rownum
21 into x
22 from dual;
23
24 exception
25 when others then Copyright © 2015, Oracle and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved. |
26 dbms_output.put_line(l_debug);
99
12/18/2015
SQL> exec P;
object line object
handle number name
BEGIN P; END;
*
ERROR at line 1:

object line object
handle number name
----- PL/SQL Call Stack -----\n object line object\n handle number name ...
100
12/18/2015

2 x int;
3 y int;
5 begin
7
...
24 exception
25 when others then
26 l_debug := substr(l_debug,instr(l_debug,chr(10),1,3));
27 l_debug := regexp_replace(l_debug,chr(10)||'.*$');
28 dbms_output.put_line(l_debug);
29 raise;
30 end;
31 /
SQL> exec P;

BEGIN P; END;
*
ERROR at line 1:
101
12/18/2015
10g got better
DBMS_UTILITY.FORMAT_ERROR_BACKTRACE
102
12/18/2015

2 x int;
3 y int;
5 begin
7
8 x := 10;
9
...
23
24 exception
25 when others then
27 DBMS_UTILITY.FORMAT_ERROR_BACKTRACE );
28 raise;
29 end;
SQL> exec P;
BEGIN P; END;
*
ERROR at line 1:
103
12/18/2015
still parsing strings
12c .... a better way
104
12/18/2015
UTL_CALL_STACK

2 x int;
3 y int;
4 begin
5 x := 10;
6
...
17
18 exception
19 when others then
20 for i in 1 .. utl_call_stack.dynamic_depth loop
22 utl_call_stack.unit_line(i)||'-'||
23 utl_call_stack.concatenate_subprogram(
24 utl_call_stack.subprogram(i))
25 );
26 end loop;
27 raise;
28 end;
105
12/18/2015
SQL> exec P;
16-P
1-__anonymous_block
BEGIN P; END;
*
ERROR at line 1:
value in real world
106
12/18/2015
SQL> create or replace package PKG is

2 procedure p;
3 procedure p1;
4 procedure p2;
5 procedure p3;
6 end;
7 /
Package created.
SQL> create or replace package body PKG is

2
3 procedure p is
...
19
20 exception
21 when others then
22 for i in 1 .. utl_call_stack.dynamic_depth loop
24 utl_call_stack.unit_line(i)||'-'||
25 utl_call_stack.concatenate_subprogram(
26 utl_call_stack.subprogram(i))
27 );
28 end loop;
29 raise;
30 end;
31
32 procedure p1 is begin p; end;
33 procedure p2 is begin p1; end;
34 procedure p3 is begin p2; end;
35
36 end; Copyright © 2015, Oracle and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved. | 205
37 /
107
12/18/2015
SQL> exec pkg.p3
23-PKG.P
32-PKG.P1
33-PKG.P2
34-PKG.P3
1-__anonymous_block
BEGIN pkg.p3; END;
*
ERROR at line 1:
ORA-06512: at "SCOTT.PKG", line 29
did you miss it ?
108
12/18/2015
SQL> exec pkg.p3
23-PKG.P subprogram !!!

32-PKG.P1
33-PKG.P2
34-PKG.P3
1-__anonymous_block
BEGIN pkg.p3; END;
*
ERROR at line 1:
Feature
inline PLSQL in SQL
109
12/18/2015
every system ...
... I've worked on
110
12/18/2015
struggles with cAsE
no correlation 
but its my fault
111
12/18/2015
SQL> select surname

2 from names;
SURNAME
------------------------------
jones
brown
SMITH
sigh...
"no problem.... I'll use initcap"
112
12/18/2015
SQL> select initcap(surname)

2 from names;
INITCAP(SURNAME)
------------------------------
Jones
Brown
Smith
until ...
113
12/18/2015
SQL> select initcap(surname)

2 from names;
INITCAP(SURNAME)
------------------------------
Jones
Brown
Smith
Mcdonald
Johnson'S
home grown
114
12/18/2015

2 function MY_INITCAP(p_string varchar2) return varchar2 is
3 l_string varchar2(1000) := p_string;
4 begin
5 if regexp_like(l_string,'(Mac[A-Z]|Mc[A-Z])') then
6 null;
7 elsif l_string like '''%' then
8 null;
9 else
10 l_string := initcap(l_string);
11 if l_string like '_''S%' then
12 null;
13 else
14 l_string := replace(l_string,'''S','''s');
15 end if;
16 end if;
17
18 return l_string;
19 end;
20 /
cool ...
115
12/18/2015
SQL> select my_initcap(surname)

2 from names;
MY_INITCAP(SURNAME)
--------------------------
Jones
Brown
Smith
McDonald
Johnson's
until ...
116
12/18/2015
DBA
"don't call PLSQL from SQL !!!!"
117
12/18/2015
SQL> select max(x)

2 from (
3 select /*+ no_merge */ initcap(text_col) x
4 from BIG_TABLE_100K
5 );
...
Elapsed: 00:00:00.48
SQL> select max(x)

2 from (
3 select /*+ no_merge */ initcap(text_col) x
5 );
SQL> select max(x)
2 from (
...3 select /*+ no_merge */ my_initcap(text_col) x
Elapsed:
5 ); 00:00:00.48
Elapsed: 00:00:09.37
118
12/18/2015
it can be done in SQL
SQL> select
2 case
3 when regexp_like(surname,'(Mac[A-Z]|Mc[A-Z])') then surname
4 when surname like '''%' then surname
5 when initcap(surname) like '_''S%' then surname
6 else replace(initcap(surname),'''S','''s')
7 end ugh
8 from names;
UGH
-------------------------------
Jones
Brown
Smith
McDonald
Johnson's
119
12/18/2015
"Always code as if the person who ends up

maintaining your code is a psychopathic killer
who knows where you live."
- anon
12c ... user defined functions
120
12/18/2015
SQL> WITH
2 function my_initcap(p_string varchar2) return varchar2 is
4 begin
6 null;
...
17
18 return l_string;
19 end;
20 select my_initcap(surname)
21 from names;
MY_INITCAP(SURNAME)
-----------------------------------------
Jones
Brown
Smith
McDonald
multiple routines
121
12/18/2015
SQL> WITH
2 function is_scottish(p_string varchar2) return boolean is
3 begin
4 return regexp_like(p_string,'(Mac[A-Z]|Mc[A-Z])');
5 end;
8 begin
9 if is_scottish(l_string) then
10 null;
12 null;
13 else
15 if l_string like '_''S%' then
..
note: 12c client
122
12/18/2015
11.2 and below
SQL> WITH
function my_initcap(p_string varchar2) return varchar2 is

*
ERROR at line 2:
ORA-06553: PLS-103: Encountered the symbol "end-of-file" when expecting
one of the following:
. ( * @ % & = - + ; < / > at in is mod remainder not rem
<an exponent (**)> <> or != or ~= >= <= <> and or like like2
like4 likec between || multiset member submultiset
SQL> begin
3 null;
5 null;
6 else
123
12/18/2015
workaround
SQL> set SQLTERMINATOR ...
and a little embarrassingly…
124
12/18/2015

2 procedure NAMES_PROCESSOR is
3 cursor C is
4 WITH
7 begin
...
24 from names;
25 begin
26 null;
27 end;
28 /
Warning: Procedure created with compilation errors.

2 procedure NAMES_PROCESSOR is
3 rc sys_refcursor;
4 begin
5 open rc for
6 q'{ WITH
9 begin
...
23 return l_string;
24 end;
26 from names;
27 }';
28 end;
29 /
Procedure created.
125
12/18/2015
WITH_PLSQL
unrelated to previous
DML (or complex SQL)
126
12/18/2015
SQL> insert into NAMES2

2 WITH
3 function my_initcap(p_string varchar2)
4 return varchar2 is
6 begin
...
20 end;
22 from names;
23 /
WITH
*
ERROR at line 2:
ORA-32034: unsupported use of WITH clause
SQL> insert /*+ WITH_PLSQL */ into NAMES2

2 WITH
3 function my_initcap(p_string varchar2)
4 return varchar2 is
6 begin
...
20 end;
22 from names;
23 /
5 rows inserted.
127
12/18/2015
determinism
SQL> with
2 function f return timestamp as
3 begin
4 return systimestamp;
5 end;
6 select f
7 from dual
8 connect by level <= 10;
9 /
F
----------------------------------------
05-JAN-14 08.09.43.969000000 PM
05-JAN-14 08.09.43.970000000 PM
05-JAN-14 08.09.43.970000000 PM
05-JAN-14 08.09.43.971000000 PM
...
128
12/18/2015
DETERMINISTIC keyword
SQL> with
2 function f return timestamp DETERMINISTIC as
3 begin
5 end;
6 select f
7 from dual
9 /
F
----------------------------------------
05-JAN-14 08.09.52.145000000 PM
05-JAN-14 08.09.52.146000000 PM
05-JAN-14 08.09.52.146000000 PM
05-JAN-14 08.09.52.147000000 PM
...
129
12/18/2015
conventional scalar caching
no no no!
SQL> with
2 function f return timestamp as
3 begin
5 end;
6 select ( select f from dual )
7 from dual
9 /
F
----------------------------------------
05-JAN-14 08.11.50.145000000 PM
05-JAN-14 08.11.50.145000000 PM
05-JAN-14 08.11.50.145000000 PM
05-JAN-14 08.11.50.145000000 PM
...
130
12/18/2015
are they really faster ?

2 function F return number is
3 begin
4 return 1;
5 end;
6 /
Function created.
131
12/18/2015
SQL> select sum(f)

2 from
3 ( select level from dual
4 connect by level <= 1000 ),
6 connect by level <= 1000 )
7 ;
Elapsed: 00:00:02.04
SQL> with
2 function f1 return number is
3 begin
4 return 1;
5 end;
6 select sum(f1)
7 from
12 /
Elapsed: 00:00:00.52
132
12/18/2015
"but what about all my PLSQL ?"

2 function F return number is
3 pragma udf;
4 begin
5 return 1;
6 end;
7 /
SQL> select sum(f)

2 from
7 ;
Elapsed: 00:00:00.36
133
12/18/2015
Feature
JSON
ACCOUNTING,KING,PRESIDENT,5000
ACCOUNTING,MILLER,CLERK,1300
134
12/18/2015
ACCOUNTING,KING,PRESIDENT,5000
ACCOUNTING,MILLER,CLERK,1300
<department name="ACCOUNTING">
<employees>
<employee>
<ename>KING</ename>
<job>PRESIDENT</job>
<sal>5000</sal>
</employee>
<employee>
<ename>MILLER</ename>
<job>CLERK</job>
<sal>1300</sal>
</employee>
</employees>
</department>
135
12/18/2015
<department name="ACCOUNTING">
<employees>
<employee>
<ename>KING</ename>
<job>PRESIDENT</job>
<sal>5000</sal>
</employee>
<employee>
<ename>MILLER</ename>
<job>CLERK</job>
<sal>1300</sal>
</employee>
</employees>
</department>
{ "NAME" :"ACCOUNTING"
, "EMPLOYEES" : [
{"ENAME" : "KING",
"JOB" : "PRESIDENT",
"SAL" : 5000
},
{"ENAME" : "MILLER",
"JOB" : "CLERK",
"SAL" : 1300
}]
}
136
12/18/2015
{ Name : Value }
{
Name : Value,
Name : Value,
Name : Value
}
137
12/18/2015
{
{
Name : Value,
Name : Value,
Name : Value
}
,
{
Name : Value,
Name : Value,
Name : Value
}
}
create table T
( id number(10),
my_doc varchar2(4000)
)
138
12/18/2015
alter table T
add constraint t_chk
check
(
my_doc is JSON
)
SQL> insert into T

2 values (1,
3 '{ "SomeValid" : "json" }'
4 );
1 row inserted.
139
12/18/2015
SQL> insert into T

2 values (2,
3 'some junk'
4 );
ORA-02290: check constraint (T_CHK) violated
extraction
140
12/18/2015
SQL> select json_value(my_doc,'$.SomeValid') tag

2 from t;
TAG
------
json
SQL> insert into T values (2,

2 '{ "ACCOUNTING" : {
3 "EMPLOYEES" : [
4 {"ENAME" : "KING",
5 "JOB" : "PRESIDENT",
6 "SAL" : 5000
7 },
8 {"ENAME" : "MILLER",
9 "JOB" : "CLERK",
10 "SAL" : 1300
11 }]
12 }
13 }');
1 row created.
141
12/18/2015
SQL> select json_value(my_doc,

2 '$.ACCOUNTING.EMPLOYEES[0].ENAME') as ename
3 from t;
ENAME
----------
KING
SQL> select json_query(my_doc,

2 '$.*.EMPLOYEES') as result
3 from T
4 /
RESULT
---------
[{"ENAME":"KING","JOB":"PRESIDENT","SAL":5000},{"ENAME":
"MILLER","JOB":"CLERK","SAL":1300}]
142
12/18/2015
dot notation
SQL> select t.my_doc.ACCOUNTING.EMPLOYEES.ENAME emps,

2 t.my_doc.ACCOUNTING.EMPLOYEES.JOB jobs,
3 t.my_doc.ACCOUNTING.EMPLOYEES.SAL sals
4 from T t;
EMPS JOBS SALS

-------------------- ------------------- ---------------
[KING,MILLER] [PRESIDENT,CLERK] [5000,1300]
143
12/18/2015
transformation
SQL> select ename, job, sal

2 from t,
3 json_table(my_doc,'$.ACCOUNTING.EMPLOYEES[*]'
4 columns(ename varchar2(20) path '$.ENAME',
5 job varchar2(20) path '$.JOB',
6 sal number path '$.SAL'
7 ));
ENAME JOB SAL

-------------------- -------------------- ----------
KING PRESIDENT 5000
MILLER CLERK 1300
144
12/18/2015
searching
SQL> select count(*)

2 from T
3 where json_exists(my_doc,'$.*.EMPLOYEES');
COUNT(*)
----------
1
SQL> select count(*)

2 from T
3 where my_doc is json;
COUNT(*)
----------
1
145
12/18/2015
search (performance)
1) function based indexes
146
12/18/2015
SQL> create index IX on T (

2 json_value(my_doc,
3 '$.ACCOUNTING.EMPLOYEES.ENAME'
4 )
5 );
SQL> create index IX on T (

2 json_value(my_doc,
3 '$.ACCOUNTING.EMPLOYEES.ENAME'
RETURNING VARCHAR2(20)
4 )
5 );
147
12/18/2015
2) text indexes
SQL> CREATE INDEX t_ix ON t (my_doc)

2 INDEXTYPE IS CTXSYS.CONTEXT
3 PARAMETERS ('section group CTXSYS.JSON_SECTION_GROUP');
SQL> SELECT COUNT(*)

2 FROM T
3 WHERE JSON_TEXTCONTAINS(my_doc,
4 '$.ACCOUNTING.EMPLOYEES.ENAME',
5 'KING');
148
12/18/2015
Feature
invisible columns
have been there "forever"
149
12/18/2015
function based indexes
set column unused
150
12/18/2015
SQL> create table T

2 ( x int,
3 y int);
Table created.
SQL> create index IX on T (x+0);
Index created.
SQL> alter table T set unused column Y;
Table altered.
SQL> select column_name, data_default

2 from USER_TAB_COLS
3 where table_name = 'T'
4 order by column_id;
COLUMN_NAME DATA_DEFAULT
------------------------------ ----------------
X
SYS_NC00003$ "X"+0
SYS_C00002_14020720:50:28$
151
12/18/2015
now exposed to us
SQL> create table T ( c1 int, c2 int, c3 int );
SQL> desc T
Name Null? Type

---------------------------- -------- -------
C1 NUMBER(38)
C2 NUMBER(38)
C3 NUMBER(38)
SQL> alter table T modify c1 invisible;
SQL> desc T
Name Null? Type

---------------------------- -------- -------
C2 NUMBER(38)
C3 NUMBER(38)
152
12/18/2015
and an idiosyncracy...
SQL> alter table T modify c1 visible;
SQL> desc T
Name Null? Type

---------------------------- -------- -------
C2 NUMBER(38)
C3 NUMBER(38)
C1 NUMBER(38)
153
12/18/2015
requires discipline

2 procedure P is
3 begin
4 insert into T
5 values (1,10,100);
6 end;
7 /
Procedure created.
SQL> exec P
Table altered.
SQL> alter table T modify c1 visible;
Table altered.
154
12/18/2015
SQL> exec P
C2 C3 C1
---------- ---------- ----------
10 100 1
1 10 100
SQL> desc T
Name Null? Type

------------------- -------- --------------------
C2 NUMBER(38)
C3 NUMBER(38)
C1 NUMBER(38)

2 procedure FIX_COLS(p_tab varchar2, p_col_list varchar2) is
3 l_col_list varchar2(1000) := p_col_list||',';
4 type clist is table of varchar2(30)
5 index by pls_integer;
6 c clist;
7
8 l_col varchar2(30);
9 l_id int;
10 begin
11 while instr(l_col_list,',') > 1 loop
12 c(c.count+1) := substr(l_col_list,1,instr(l_col_list,',')-1);
13 l_col_list := substr(l_col_list,instr(l_col_list,',')+1);
14 dbms_output.put_line(c(c.count));
15 end loop;
16
17 for i in 1 .. c.count loop
18 loop
19 select column_name
20 into l_col
21 from user_tab_columns
22 where table_name = p_tab
23 and column_id = i;
24
25 exit when l_col = c(i);
26
27 execute immediate 'alter table '||p_tab||' modify '||l_col||' invisible';
28 execute immediate 'alter table '||p_tab||' modify '||l_col||' visible';
29 end loop;
30 end loop;
31 end;
32 / Copyright © 2015, Oracle and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved. | 298
155
12/18/2015
SQL> exec FIX_COLS('T','C1,C2,C3');
SQL> desc T
Name Null? Type

---------------------------- -------- -------
C1 NUMBER(38)
C2 NUMBER(38)
C3 NUMBER(38)
so what's the appeal ?
156
12/18/2015
rollout changes online
SQL> create table T ( c1 int, c2 int ) ;
Table created.

2 procedure APP1 is
3 begin
4 insert into T
5 select object_id, data_object_id
6 from all_objects
7 where rownum < 10;
8 end;
9 /
Procedure created.
SQL> exec APP1;
157
12/18/2015
new application
SQL> alter table T add c3 int;
Table altered.

2 procedure APP2 is
3 begin
4 for i in ( select c1,c2,c3 from T )
5 loop
6 dbms_output.put_line(i.c1);
9 end loop;
10 end;
11 /
Procedure created.
158
12/18/2015
SQL> exec APP2;
28
28
15
15
29
29
25
25
54
159
12/18/2015
SQL> exec APP1
BEGIN APP1; END;
*
ERROR at line 1:
ORA-06550: line 1, column 7:
PLS-00905: object SCOTT.APP1 is invalid
ORA-06550: line 1, column 7:
PL/SQL: Statement ignored
160
12/18/2015
Table altered.
SQL> exec APP2;
28
28
15
[snip]
SQL> exec APP1;
tools
161
12/18/2015
SQL> create table T ( c1 int, c2 int invisible);
Table created.
SQL> desc T
Name Null? Type
------------------------- -------- ------------------
C1 NUMBER(38)
SQL> set colinvisible ON
SQL> desc T
Name Null? Type
------------------------- -------- -----------
C1 NUMBER(38)
C2 (INVISIBLE) NUMBER(38)
162
12/18/2015
SQL> alter table T add "C3 (INVISIBLE)" int;
Table altered.
SQL> alter table T add "C3 (INVISIBLE)" int;
Table altered.
SQL> desc T
Name Null? Type

------------------------- -------- ------------
C1 NUMBER(38)
163
12/18/2015
use LHS
164
12/18/2015
Wrap up
there's a lot in 12c
165
12/18/2015
lots not covered today
But still plenty to excite
166
12/18/2015
Monday,15:10, SQL features, Hall 1
Tuesday, 11:20, Flashback, Hall 1
Connor McDonald
417 Copyright © 2015, Oracle and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved. |
167
12/18/2015
ORA-03113
417 Copyright © 2015, Oracle and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved. |
Creative Commons Image Resources
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SQL> select sample_font

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make you more successful with Oracle

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12c for Developers

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2013 2014 2016 ? 2020 2021

12c 12.1.2 12.2

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there's a lot in 12c !

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but not widely advertised

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our use of the db is simpler

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Mainframe Client Web SOA

Mainframe Client Web SOA

Many cool things....

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...but first impressions

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SQL> create user DEV_TESTING

create user DEV_TESTING identified by MYPASS

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lets get started …

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flashback data archive

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why talk about it ?

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we've all done it...