BD3 Fire Safety chadsantos@gmail.

com

OBJECTIVES OF FIRE SAFETY

Explain the causes and extent of fire
incidents.
FIRE & LIFE Describe the chemistry, behavior and
SAFETY concept of fire.

SEMINAR Explain the principles of fire prevention,

suppression and control.

Differentiate the specific types of portable

RICHARD ERIC S SANTOS
DOLE Accredited OSH Practitioner
fire extinguishers.
chadantos@gmail.com 09778332269

Fire Statistics 2012 - 2014

Number
of Fires:
36,996

Number
of
Deaths:
Source: 759
Bureau of Fire Protection

Number
of
Injuries:
2,317

CAUSES OF FIRE DEATHS Faulty

Electrical
System

Open Flames
Sparks
And Candles

Friction TOP CAUSES OF Neglected

Electrical
Devices Or

FIRES IN THE
Appliances
Inhalation Insufficient Effects of Bronchial Ventricular Backdraft
of Toxic Oxygen Heat and Fibrillation or
Fumes:
• Carbon
(Asphyxia)
(Hyperthermia)
Pulmonary
Swelling
Smoke
Explosion
PHILIPPINES
Monoxide (Edema)
• Carbon
Dioxide Liquefied
Spontaneous
• Hydrogen Petroleum
Cyanide Combustion
Gases

Smoking,
Lightning Matches &
Candles

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TRAGIC FIRE INCIDENTS IN THE PHILIPPINES May 17, 2005

The Lung Center of the LOCATION NO. OF DEATHS

Philippines before the fire
160 Deaths, 83 Injured,
OZONE DISCO, QC
P15M in Damages

PHILIPPINE LUNG
25 Deaths Plus Injuries
CENTER

DAMAS de ISLAS de
27 Deaths Plus Injuries
FILIPNAS

QC MANOR HOTEL 75 Deaths Plus Injuries

NOVO JEANS AND

SHIRTS CLOTHING 17 Deaths Plus Injuries
STORE
KENTEX
MANUFACTURING 72 Deaths Plus Injuries
FACTORY

NCCC MALL DAVAO 38 Deaths Plus Injuries

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RA 9514: The Revised Fire Code of the

Philippines
“It is the policy of the State to ensure
public safety, promote economic
development through the prevention
and suppression of all kinds, of
REPUBLIC ACT 9514 destructive fires, and promote the
professionalization of the fire service
The Revised Fire Code of the Philippines as a profession.
and its Implementing Rules and Regulations
  The State shall enforce all laws,
rules and regulations to ensure
adherence to standard fire
prevention and safety measures,
and
  Promote accountability in the fire
protection and prevention service.”

FIRE - DEFINITION

Fire
The active principle of burning, characterized
by the heat and light of combustion (RA
9514). It is a rapid oxidation process
FIRE accompanied with the evolution of light and
heat of varying intensities
SAFETY

IMPORTANCE OF FIRE SAFETY PURPOSED FIRE SAFETY

Life Safety Alarm system to detect
Preventing occurrence Fire
The primary goal of fire safety efforts is to protect of destructive fire or
Detection presence of smoke or heat
building occupants from injury and to prevent loss of life. reduce likelihood of
destructive fire.

Property Protection
Fire
Prevention

The secondary goal of fire safety is to prevent property

damage.
Fire Emergency
Preparedness
Extinguishing Fire
Suppression
unwanted or
Protection of Operations uncontrolled
destructive fire.
By preventing fires and limiting damage we can assure Means of Preparing persons in the eventuality of a
that work operations will continue. mitigation. Reduce fire emergency.
the effect of
destructive fire.

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HOW TO PREVENT FIRE TO CHARACTERISTICS &

BECOME A DISASTER BEHAVIOR
Good
Proper Fire
Fighting
The Chemistry of Fire:
Housekeeping
Equipment The Fire Triangle - as shown in the
following illustration, OXYGEN and
FUEL in proper proportion can be
ignited by HEAT to create a fire
If any one of the three elements is
Common removed a fire CANNOT EXIST…
Prompt action
Sense
by Trained
Precaution
People

ELEMENTS OF THE FIRE LIQUID FUEL

TRIANGLE
Approximately 16% is To Reach Ignition
Flash Point
Required Temperature is the lowest temperature at
Normal air contains 21% Open Flames - The Sun
Oxygen. Some fuel
HEAT
Source
Hot Surfaces w/c fuel gives off flammable
Sparks and Arcs
materials contain
sufficient oxygen within Friction - Chemical Action vapors.
CHEMICAL
their makeup to support Electrical Energy
REACTION
burning. Compression of Gases
OXYGEN
Source
FUEL
Source
Flammable Substances
a material having a
SOLID LIQUID GAS
Bulky - Dust Gasoline Kerosene Natural Gas Propane
flashpoint below 100°F
Finely Divided Coal
Wood Paper
Turpentine Alcohol Butane (37.8°C).
Liver Oil Paint Hydrogen
Cloth Plastic Varnish Lacquer Acetylene
Grain Othersz Olive Oil Others Carbon Monoxide

WHICH IS MORE DANGEROUS

A substance with low flashpoint or a
Q: substance with a high flashpoint?

A: The lower the flashpoint, the more

dangerous a substance is.

How would you know the flashpoint of

Q: a substance? MODE OF FIRE
PROPAGATION
A: By looking at the label or SDS.

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MODE OF FIRE PROPAGATION

(Heat Transfer)
Conduction
Heat transfer to another body or within a
body by direct contact.

Convection
The transfer of heat through a circulating
medium, such as hot air and gases.

CLASSES OF
Radiation
the transfer of heat by the emission and FIRE
propagation of heat energy in the form of
rays or electromagnetic waves.

CLASSES OF FIRE
- This is suitable for cloth, wood,
rubber, paper, various plastics, and regular
combustible fires.

- This is suitable for grease,

gasoline or oil-based fires is usually filled with a
dry chemical.

- This is suitable for electrical fires

caused by appliances, tools, and other plugged
in gear. It can contain either halon or CO2 but it
is being replaced by non-depleting agents such
as FM200.

CLASSES OF FIRE

- This is used for water-reactive

metals such as burning magnesium and will be
located in factories using such metals. It comes
in the form of a powder that must cover the
material to extinguish it.
FIRE PREVENTION
- This contains a special purpose DEVICES
wet chemical agent for use in kitchen fires and
deep fryers to stop fires started by vegetable
oils, animal fats, or other fats started in cooking
appliances.

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FIRE DETECTION AND ALARM

SYSTEM
A complete protective signaling and control system
including fire detection, alarm and communication.

Smoke Detectors
An alarm device that monitors continuously the air
condition for the presence of smoke.

Fixed Temperature Types

Which respond when the detection element
THE FIRE
reaches a predetermined temperature EXTINGUISHER
Rate-of-Rise Type
Which respond to an increase in heat at a rate
greater than some predetermined value.

ANATOMY OF A FIRE PASS

EXTINGUISHER
DISCHARGE LEVER
Pull the safety pin from the handle. Once
PRESSURE GAUGE
(not found on CO2 removed, it releases the locking mechanism,
extinguishers)
allowing you to discharge the extinguisher.
DISCHARGE LOCKING PIN
AND SEAL CARRYING
HANDLE
Aim the extinguisher nozzle or hose at the
base of the fire. This removes the source or fuel
of the fire. Keep yourself low.
DISCHARGE HOSE
DATA PLATE
Squeeze the handle or lever slowly to
discharge the agent. Letting go of the handle will
DISCHARGE NOZZLE stop the discharge, so keep it held down.
BODY

DISCHARGE ORIFICE
Sweep side to side over the fire until expended.

FIRE SAFETY
TIPS

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GIVE THE FOLLOWING

WHAT TO DO IN CASE OF FIRE . . . DETAILS
Stay CALM, Don’t PANIC. Type of Emergency
Location / Landmarks

Should you discover Fire/Medical Emergency

C Call 911 or the nearest Fire Station;
Name

NATIONAL EMERGENCY
NUMBER
A Alert all Occupants/Sound the Alarm; Phone Number Used
Other Data Asked By Operator
L Listen to instructions;
*Be the last to hang up*

M Move or Evacuate the area.

SUMMARY AND CONCLUSION

1. The key to having a successful fire safety
program is having an effective fire
prevention program.
2. Better understanding of fire will lead us
to a prompt and correct extinguishments
of fire.
3. Fire suppression equipment are effective RICHARD ERIC S SANTOS
only when properly maintained. DOLE Accredited OSH Practitioner
09778332269
chadsantos@gmail.com