INTRODUCTION

The tendency to rise above the self by building is a fundamental

human usage. Building into the sky satisfies a primeval instinct in an

age when anything and everything is seen from the commercial point of

view, building too are likely to be regarded primarily from the

economic angle.

Today, the main reasons for the increase in high rise buildings are high

ground prices, shortage of land rationailzd management and

concentrated production.

High rise buildings have become a family established part of the urban

experience. This is evident by bolt their permanence and sheer height

‘single megastructurees occupying an entire block( of area 3-7 acres)

combine multiple cases- shopping, office,hotel,residential and parking

facilities also, with the development of science and technology,

buildings here become so sophisticated that the services in the building

play a very vital role in its functioning of the building and is best

achieved by integrating the various services with the rest of the

building.

Various studies of the cost of typical multistoryed buildings show that

the building services account for nearly 30-50 percent of the project
cost and that service occupy 12-15 [percent of the total floor area.

hence, integrating the various services into the building system reduces

the amount of time, material and space employed. at the same time,

increasing the number of activities that can take place inside.

HOTELS

The hotel is essentially a building to provide services for guests. The

variation in hotel types is extensive ranging from a simple motel to a

community of luxury city hotels.

Planning

The basic planning is considered in relation to the principal sections

within a hotel complex and the disposition of these in relation to the

site. Intercommunication and common services, the section can be

listed as follows:

Public areas arrival areas, car parking, entrance hall…

Function rooms, dinning rooms, recreation, ball room etc,

Bedroom accommodation including linen store, valet services etc;

staff and administration, managers, offices, staff rooms, staff

accommodation etc, service rooms, boiler rooms, ventilation, electrical

intake etc; the following particular aspects have an important effect on

basic planning.
Flexibility and change

It is important to consider a form of structure, planning method which

allows for flexibility and change.

Hotel organisation

The central administration and organisation a large hotel is very

complex and the work programme for the various types of staff need to

be throughout understood to allow for efficient working of the hotel.

Circulation

It is the prime importance to consider the basic circulation at the early

stage in planning. There are three patterns one route for guests, one for

staff, and a general route for deliveries etc;

Height and subdivisions relating to structure

Open planning and a large area of public rooms will allow for hanger

of functions and priorities.

Services

Ducts for services should be considered in overall planning with ease

for access for maintenance.

Fire regulations

This will be controlled by local authorities, government

recommendations and standards.

Sound insulation

Between rooms is important.

Garages and car parking

Separate parking area should be provided for guests and employees/

service vehicles.

Lobby

The lobby makes the single greatest impact on the guest. The most

successful design carefully balances the two key factors- visual impact

and function

Food and beverage outlets

All food outlets need direct close access to the kitchen except outlets

with minor food services that may be served from pantry.

All outlets should be easily accessible from public flow areas.

Thumb rules

No. of restaurant seats = 0.75 times no; of guest rooms

Coffee shop service = 1.2 to 1.4 m/p

floor area in dinning

Room = 0.93 to 1.67 sqm / p

bar = 10 to 25% of lounge area

Entertainment area = 10% to 60%

Cocktail lounge = 1.8 to 2 sq.m/p

General bar = 1.3 to 1. 7 esq. /p

Function rooms

Multipurpose room for meetings, banquet, ball etc

Important to have separate entrance of hotel receptions.

Store needed for necessary equipment

Space allowance

Guestroom floor planning objectives

Orientation/ sitting

 consider solar gain; generally n/s preferable to e/w exposures

 analysis wind loading

 study and potential for guest room views

 site the structure to be visible from the road

 Access the relative visual impact and construction cost of various

guestroom plan configuration.

Floor layout
 organise plan so that guest rooms occupy at least 70% of gross

floor area

 Locate elevators and the stairs at interiors location rather than

of exterior walls.

 Developed corridor plan to facilitate guest circulation.

 Provide elevator lobby in middle third of structure.

 Locate vending near public elevators.

 Provide service elevators, linen storage and chutes in central

location.

 Plan corridor width at 5’ minimum 5.6’’ proffered.

 Plan guestroom distance to exit stairs at 150’ maximum.

 Design guestrooms back to back plumbing economics.

Bedroom accommodation

As bedroom forms greater proportion of hotel construction key to

economical design. Largely in layout of bedroom block diagram follows

show possible arrangements. Double loaded block capable of

development into l u courtyard plan; requires only 2 stairs;

Most economical layout.

Double loaded t shaped block capable of being developed into

crosswalk so economical but three stairs required.

Single loaded block capable of being uncourt yard plan: not

economical solution developed form centre courtyard can be used to

provide atrium effect.

Square block with central core containing all vertical services, maids

rooms etc, compact and useful for small sites where tower development

may be required.

The plan requires 3 staircases and has more complicated structure

than straight blocks structural system may causes problem in public

areas.

Circular requires careful handling avoid awkward and inward facing

room; not capable of extension.Circular with central core also requires

careful avoid awkward room convex curves resulting bedroom

narrower at bathroom ends.

Tower plans

The vertical oriented towers are generally organised with a central

core. Surrounded entirely by a corridor and guestrooms. Depending on

guestroom dimension the no; of rooms per floor is limited by selection

of tower shape.

Atrium plans

Guestrooms are arranged along single loaded corridors like balconies

overlooking the lobby space. All atrium hotels feature scenic or glass

elevators which provide views of the lobby as well as add animation to

the space to space itself.

Guest’s bedrooms

In medium tariff hotels- bedroom is typically 15-17 Esq. High tariff

hotels may have upto 285 Esq. excluding lobbies and bathroom.

Bathroom

Bathrooms can be internal or against external wall. External

bathrooms have natural ventilation but take up valuable external space

and do not make direct access for repairs as possible.

Suites
A suite is defined simply as a living room connected to one or more

bedrooms. Hotel suites which make up about 10% of the total

guestroom usually positioned on the upper floors or the towers. But

they may be stacked vertically where unusual conditions occur.e.g large

structural bays or uniquely shaped rooms.

Floor service

 linen store

 furniture store

 food service room

 dirty linen chutes

Food service and catering

The core of food service is the kitchen and food storage; located

adjacent to the restaurants.

Kitchen

 mechanical ventilation essential

 large column free space

Storage

It has to be dividing into two groups

 food which needs either cold storage or refrigeration

 Dry, cased or tinned goods requiring open store rooms.

General services

Refuse disposal

 Waste disposal units, incinerators to be provided.

 Laundry and linen rooms.

 The linen store should be adequately ventilated. chutes for soiled

linen to be provided

Engineering services

Workshop

One or more spacious workshops necessary for running repairs.

Storage space necessary for future.

Telephones

In a large hotel there may be extensive telephone equipment

with switch boards and many operations.

Internal communication

o alarm system and emergency communication

o housekeeping maids

o rooms services

o wake up system

o TV. radio and taped music

Heating
The space and location for boilers and hot water storage is important.

Attention given to noise and heat from boiler rooms, accessibility for

maintenance, etc.

Fire alarm system

manual break glass and automatic smoke or heat detectors with

audible warning through the building automatic recessed hose reels

throughout, external fire hydrants etc;

Air conditioning

The process of treating air so as to control simultaneously its

temperature, humidity cleanliness and distribution on any particular

system is to estimate the load the system. The components of a building

cooling load are:

o solar heat gain through fenestration

o transmission through fenestration

o opaque walls

o the roofs

o internal heat from people

o lights

o electrical appliances and equipment

o Outside air heat due to the exchange of cool indoor air for hot

outside air.
 o By infiltration and / or ventilation.

Evaporator:

They are heat exchange to absorb heat from space. They are

of two types direct expansion coil- liquid refrigerant expands within

tubes and cools air remote condenser cannot be placed father than 200

ft.

Chilled water coil – chilled water flows inside tubes and cools air over

it. Are compact and usually of shell and tube type construction.

Ahu

space provisions must be made for ahu/ package unit preferably on

every floor.

each unit (compact ahu) can condition a maximum of 150m2.

a 3m2 ahu room to be provided per 150 m2.

large sectional ahu can condition 350-700m2 requires 12-18 m2 room.

Plant Room Size

chilled water plants require a plant room verifying from rooms (for

100tr). to 500 m2 (for over 1000 tr) space for cooling towers on roof.

minimum height of plant room is 4.2 m.

Zoning
zoning is the division of building into separately controlled sections. the

reasons for zoning are differences in exposure internal loading and

occupancy

physical size and arrangement stack effect.

distribution systems

cooling is delivered to a space by either cooled air or chilled water.

when water carries it. It is the ‘piped system” and when carried by air,

it is reffered to as the “duct system” in large buildings “combination

systems” are used.

single zone system

Ahu supplies conditioned air to entire building considered as one

controlled by modulating temperature or on/ pf.

thermal reheat system

ahu contains only cooling coil. Air supplied all spaces at same

temperature. thermal box each tone reheats air as needed.

multi zone system

Supplies constant volume of air to each space. Heating and cooling

control accomplished by separately varying temperature of air

supplied to each zone of air and cool air r mix in right proportion by

motorized dampers t satisfy each zone. they are energy inefficient.

dual duct system

Similar to multi zone concept. but hot and cool air mix at zone

terminamixing boxes. may be used for one/ more conditioned spaces.

they are energy inefficient.

variable air volume system

Provides air at constant temperature, but variable volume cools/ heats

air to accommodate the zone. variable air value regulates with dampers

the volume of air into the space- applicable where humidity control not

critical.

one pipe system

same water passes through exchange terminal in series thermal control

is poor uses less piping and easy install.

two pipe system

separate supply and return pipe. All terminals have access to same

temperature. all terminals will have either heating/ cooling –

disadvantage.

three pipe system

One heating pipe to each terminal third pipe returns all water to

chillier and before. energy wasted in mixing hot and cold water.

four pipe system

most expensive but year round comfort control each terminal provided

with chilled water supply and return and a heated water supply and

return.

Dampers

dampers are used to regulate air flow in ducts

o balancing dampers

o splitter dampers and turning vanes

o motorized control dampers

o fire dampers

Filters

filters are used to prevent dust and odours from spreading to other

zones.

Rooms air distributors

To distribute the supply air evenly in the rooms.

o Side wall grilles 50’ throw, 10’-15’ spread

o Ceiling diffusers RDA of difference equal to mounting height

o Linear diffusers difference throw 3 times mounting height

 o

DUCT WORK

The space required for the air supply duct and return air duct in areas

is usually 0.1m2/t.

Thus for an AC load of 10 t, the space required above the false ceiling

or boxing or vertical riser is 1.0 m2.

o A height of 450 mm between bottom of beam and top of ceiling.

o Minimum height requirement is 300mm

Ductwork is usually insulated for the following reasons:

o To reduce heat gain into ducted cold air.

o To prevent condensation on the exterior of cold air ducts when

the surrounding air is warm and humid.

o To isolate acoustically, air noises in the duct from the occupied

spaces.

o Flexible connections used to join ductwork to equipment.

o Duct should be properly supported, stiffed to reduce

vibrations.

o Grilles, registers and diffusers should be selected so as to

minimize noise output.

FIRE SAFELTY SYSTEMS

The objectives of fire protection are to maintain conditions conducive

to life safety, property protection and minimizing business

interruption. The key elements of fire protection.

EARLY DETECTION AND ALARM SYSTEM

Signal indicators in a fire detection and alarm system may be

automatic detectors fill into following general categories-

HEAT DETECTORS

These are the slowest to respond to a fire since it takes some time for

the detector to heat up enough to respond because they sense only heat;

they are subject to fewer false alarms. They do not respond to smoke or

other combustion products.

IONIZATION DETECTORS

Ionization detectors are designed to sense the product of

combustion emitted during the incipient stage of a fire. Hence they are

most

Sensitive than heat and smoke detectors. False alarms possible because

of their sensitivity used where ever open fast burning areas is

anticipated.

SMOKE DETECTORS
 Used in areas where fire is anticipated to produce large

volumes of smoke before temperatures rises. Since they area activated

by the presence of particles in the air. They should not be used in areas.

Flame detectors used when fire not likely to produce

smoke. Most rapid fire detection devices are subject to false alarms

caused by non-fire light sources. Manual pull stations Building fire

alarms Complete system can detect fire, sound an alarm and activate

extinguishing fans can even be programmed to close fire doors,

dampers, shut off fan system, etc.Alarm indicators produce distinct

sound and located so as to be usable in all parts of building bells and

horns are commonly used. Flashing lights used.Voice alarm total

evacuation of high-rise building is impractical a voice alarm allows

specific instructions to be issued to occupants regarding safe areas of

refuge. Verbal communication may be live/-recorded messages issued

from the fire command central ground level. Special loudspeaker in

place of bells/ horns.

FIRE FIGHTERS COMMUNICATION SYSTEM

Used to provide communication between fire communicatin centre and

firer fighters communication stations- with self- contained handsets/

intercom speakers are located at all stair tower doors and elevated

access.

EXITS-MEANS OF EGRESS
 To exist must be free of fire and smoke. Exits should be

remotely located so that they are not blocked by single fire clearance

max permissible. Travel distance to exits depend on occupancy, fire

hazard a physical ability and alertness. Exit signs should be readily

visible and should not be obscured by brightly illuminated displays

nearby signs placed at/ near ceiling easily get hidden by smoke. Smoke

proof enclosures are stairway exist designed to prevent smoke

infiltration. Provide access to fire flight rest to upper stories of

building. Emergency use of elevators is possible when they are located

mechanically pressurized vestibules. Used by fire fighters and to move

users to safe areas.

COMPARTMENTATION

Means dividing a building or large space into separate

enclosures, each enclosed within a fire- barrier envelope.

Compartmetation helps in

Confining the fire, heat, smoke areas of refuge

Floors, ceiling, walls must should have adequate fire endurance.

Staircases should be enclosed with about 1- hour fire resistance

construction openings for the penetration of pipes, conouits, ovcts etc,

must be sealed carefully.

Atria should have smoke vents on top and sprinklers to stop fires from

spreading.
Size of each compartment 460- 700 m2 in building with central air

system.

Refuge areas:

Can be built out of non- combustible materials around pressurized

stairwells. They could serve a libraries, conference rooms, rests rooms,

etc have direct access to stairs self- closing fire doors and voice

activated intercom system connected to fire control canter.

SMOKE CONTROL

This includes compartmentation using fire barriers.

Smoke vents smoke shaft Smoke control system

The two basic principles of smoke control are air flow by itself can

control smoke movt. If the average air velocity is large air pipes.

Differences across barriers can control smoke movt.

( pressurization)pressurizing stairwells

To protect against smoke infiltration in case of fire stairs are

pressurized. Effective as long as positive press difference is maintained.

For all stairwells, outside air is supplied at various levels throughout

the height. The stairwell system is independent of the HVACs system

and is activated only when smoke is detected.

Zone smoke control

The basic principle is to provide a positive air press. In safe

areas and neg. air press. In fire areas- pressure sand witch (venting of

smoke).

Fire dampers should be located wherever a duct passes third. A fire

rated wall, floor or ceiling.

Fire and smoke detectors to initiate smoke control when the temp. in

the duct exceeds a set value.

Fire suppression

Automatic sprinklers

The water discharged from sprinklers cools burning materials by

direct of water particles and remove heat from room. Sprinkler system

consists of an array of water pipes fitted with automatic delivery heads.

Sprinkler heads are designed to discharge finely divided water

particles. They are of various types- upright, pendent, sidewall.

Obstructions such as beans, lighting fixtures should be considered.

While placing sprinkler’s max spacing between sprinklers = 15’

wherever sprinkler are placed close, cross baffles/ recessed baffle

pockets are provided.

Water supply sprinkler system is served by a piping grid

under or in the various ceilings. This could be connected to the water

tank. At least one connection on the outside of the building provided

for fire department houses- Siamese connection the various types of

sprinkler system sure- dry pipe system contains air under press

following loss of press. Due to openings of sprinkler, dry pipe valve

automatically opens, allowing water enter. Wet pipe system contains

water under press. At all times water available from water supply

immediately.

Deluge system sprinkler heads are open at all times. No water in

piping. Mach/ or hydraulic valves operated by detectors control water

flow to sprinklers. Sprinkler riser locations central and side central

locations are preferable. Protection of flooring openings.

Floor openings ( stairwells, etc)Protected by high- velocityspra nozzles.

They immediately blanket the entire opening with water. An adequate

water drainage system provided where these systems are used.

COMMUBICATION SYSTEM

Communication system is generally supported by an internal network

of cables and wires termed block cabling. This network is in turning

connected to the telephone cable network external to there

building.Typical block cabling system are based upon 4 central riser of

mains cables connecting a main distribution frame with intermediate

distribution frames located on each floor. Radial cables then extend

outwards from central riser to sub- distribution frames and

communications device by faculty cabling. Rising cables generally

accommodated in separate rising shafts, which may fire isolated apart

from the basic communication network, various new communication

faculties have come

LOCAL AREA NETWORK (LAN)

TELEX

FASCIMILE

VOICE EXCHANGES

ELECTRONICS MAIL

AUTO DIALLING

SECURITY

CENTRAL TIME KEEPING

This has been facilitated by providing a base computer system that can

be installed into a building with a data highway capability to all floors

and to all major functions. These systems are called integrated systems

and provide various facilities.

SECURITY SYSTEMS

Detector detect the presence of an intruder or an attack on a premises

and can be witches fitted to movable parts of a building (d/w) to

provide signal when opened vibration used on wind, walls to detect an

attack by hammer, drill etc;

Movement relies on the disturbance caused to an electronically

generated signal by an object moving across it.

Infrared detects infrared emission which results from heat given off by

people cctv to assist surveillance by security personal. Cameras fitted

with motorised movement are used. Access control provided at

entrances. Entrances unit converts signals into what a thus the security

control centre has the following functions-

Switching on and directing cctv’s

Opening and closing door automatically.

Switching lights following fire.

Monitoring distress alarms.

ELECTRICAL SYSTEMS

The major components of a building electrical power

distribution system can be classified power distribution system can be

classified into three major categories-

Service entrance equipment

Interior distribution equipment

Interior distribution equipment

o circuit breaker

Power supply system will consists of some or all of the following items-

o Main intake and metering and distribution equipment

o Analysis of loads throughout building will determine size and

location of load substations.

o Ventilation of transformers and switchgear in imp.

 o Apart from h.v. switchgear, transformer and l.v. switchgear,

closing tripping batteries.

o Meters and distribution boards, fire fighting equipment provided

o Shock loading to be provided

o Oil fired transfer should have retailing walls/ oil pits filled with

stone chips for leaks space required below equipment for ducts/

trenches for cables between trans and switchgear.

HIGH AND LOW VOLTAGE DISTRIBUTION SYSTEM

From main intake sustain supplies distributed either at h.v .to

distributed substation or loads required h.v. or at l.v. distribution

boards or smaller loads.

Cable routes to be identified early for integration with other

piped/ ducted services.

Hence minimizing space.

Local switch and distribution fuse boards.

To spilt elec. Supply into suitable circuits, local

distribution equipment installed switchboards in switch room/

cupboard and or/ fused distribution boards provided access is imp. For

testing. Maintain, rewiring etc

o Local distribution wiring and power outlets.

 o Local distribution connects local distribution boards to

equipment and fittings small

o Power distribution system may supply through floor, skirtings,

walls/ ceilings.

o Need to separate various cables may affect space required.

o Floor systems, possibly combined with tele. Outlets required

large screed depths to accommodate turnking.

o Grid layout of outlets imp. In rel. to space uses and floor finishes

avoiding areas of heavy traffic.

RACEWAYS

A raceway is any channel for supporting and protecting conductors.

included here are-

o Conduits

o Wireways

o Surface metal raceways

o Floor raceways busways

o Ceiling raceways

Floor raceways are of two types:

Under floor raceways installed beneath the floor, within the floor or in

a floor trench with a removable cover flush with finished floor.

Cellars floor raceways.Channel wiring throughout cells/ longitudinal

voids serving as part of the sort. System of floor. Header ducts for

feeding cells runperp. To cells more flexible than under floor bec.

Wiring can run anywhere. Ceiling raceways:

Consist of network of wire ways running above a suspended lay- in-tile

ceiling, accessed with releasable floor- ceiling power poles.

Disadvantages are the difficulty in visibility integrating the floor to

ceiling poles into the interior design.

Feeders and branch circuits

Feeders normally are extended as near as possible to the central area-

served in order to minimize the lengths of branch circuits. Elec. Closets

containing a panel board should allow at least 4’ clearance in front of

panel.

EMERGENCY AND MAINTAINED SUPPLIES

Emergency lighting must be provided in all areas to which public have

access, along means or escape routes and other emergency situations.

This usually required separate circuitry and controls, connected to

battery/ generator installations independent of public supplies.

Emergency supplies to pumps, lifts, smoke ventilation system and other

equipment supplied through normal or special may be required to

enable activities or processes to continue in the event of a mains failure.

The choice between batt and emer or stand by gen. Depends on size of

loads, duration required and security of public supplies. Batt can

By lead-acid or more compact- space for change, access for main and

ventilation emer/ stand by gen. Req batt installations for starters and

sometimes for control.

Venting, access, secure foundations, fuel storage, vibration shielding,

cooling water supplies, drains- considered and affect location of

generator.

Generally, normal power distribution used with additional controls

and switchgear to connect loads to stand by supplies batt/ generator.

WATER SUPPLY SYSTEM

Large quantities of water are required in building intended for human

habilatation. City water press is not enough to raise water lvl. To roofs

of tall buildings the water is first taken to a suction tank at/ below o.l

and is then lifted to storage tank at roof lvl by pumps.

DISTRIBUTION SYSTEM

Direct supply adopted when adequate press is available round the

clock to the top most floor with limited pressure normally available,

this system normally available, this system is not applicable.

Direct pumping system water pumped directly into distribution system

without overhead tanks start and stop operations controlled by

pressure switches where constant use of water pumped directly into

distribution system without overhead tanks start and stop operations

controlled by pressure switches where constant use of water is always

occurring ( centrally a/c building).

PIPE SYSTEM

One pipe system is one in which there one stack for solid and waste

disposal art from this, there also is a vent pipe which acts as the anti-

siphoning pipe. This stem can be used in building upto three floors

only.

TWO PIPE SYSTEM

Two pipe systems is the conventional system headed for sewage

disposal. Two separate stacks- one for solid and other for waste

disposal- solid stack- w.c. urinals, waste stack- sink, shower, wash

basin, rain water( sometimes) vent pipe is required which could be

signal or separate for both vent pipe also acts as anti- siphonage pipe.

SOLVENT SYSTEM
Vent pipes and anti- siphonage pipes eliminated bec. Of the use of

aerator and dearator fittings. Effluent already aerated and desending

from upper stories is diverted in this stack at each lower storey.

Aerator affords an air space for fresh effluent to mix with air and drop

aerated.

STORM WATER DRAINAGE

Storm water is generally drained into a storm water sewer. Flat roofs

should have a slight pitch to guide storm water to interior roof drains.

Leader concealed within partitions carry water from the roof drain

down through the structure. Storm water is ultimately discharged into

a storm water sewer. If not available then they are discharged into

nearby rivers, streams.

REFUSE DISPOSAL SYSTEM

The number and sitting of refuse chutes depends upon-

o Layout of the building

o Types of storage and collection

o Volume of refuse

o Access for refuse vehicle

The internal surface of the chute must be smooth and impervious to

moisture. It should be constructed of refractory material that will

provide at least one hour fire resistance. That will provide at least one

hour fire resistance.

The refuse chamber also should be of refractory material one hr. if

resistance. The garbage in an office complex is mainly paper waste it

can be disposed by pulping or incineration (burning).

INCINERATION

If heating is required in a building, then incineration can be used,

garbage is collected in a lower floor and burnt in an incinerator. Heat

evolved is used for heating.

PULPING

The problem with garbage disposal is its volume and movement in

pulpins, water is added to the garbage to form slurry, which is thick

and can be pumped anywhere. At the time of disposal the slurry is

squeezed to remove the water. Volume is thus reduced to 1/ 100 of the

original volume and hence disposal becomes easy.

VERTICAL TRANSPORTATION
The most important of high-rise buildings is the lift. It can be even said

that construction of taller buildings was made feasible only because of

the invention elevators.

LIFT CAGE

The size of the lift depends upon the capacity as per the present

Bombay lift act a maximum of 0.18 sq mt. Is permissible( the idea is to

avoid excess loading). However it has been observed that this results in

overcrowding and at least 0.22 St. Should be provided per person

additional passenger. The lift cage should have width to depth ratio

between 20 width kept greater to reduce time for the passengers to

occupy and vacate the lift. The inside of

the lift cage should have a decorative appearance. It is among the first

few things which create an impression of the visitors. Even the music is

[played in some elevators to make the journey more pleasing. Many

times intercom is provided in the cage, which helps in communication

in case of failure of lift because of power or mechanical failure.In some

countries the cage door is eliminated. This result is saving of time as

well as less maintenance.

SPEED

The normal speed of elevator is 0.65 per second( 130 ft per

minute).however for taller buildings high speed elevators are adopted

ranging in speed from 1.5 mps( 300 fpm). The highest speed adopted in

India is 3.5 mps( 700 fpm). For the taj intercontinental and oberoi

Sheraton hotels in Bombay.

GROUP AUTOMATIC OPERATION

Automatic operations of two or more non- attendant lifts

equipped with power-operated car and doors. The operation of the cars

is co-ordinated by a supervisory operation system including automatic

dispatching means whereby selected cars in their tripas in a regulated

manner. It includes one button in each car for each flor served and up

and down buttons at each landing. The stop set up by the monetary

actuation of the car buttons are made automatically in succession as a

car reaches the corresponding landing irrespective of its direction of

travel of the sequences in which the buttons are actuated. The stops set

up by the monetary actuation of the landing buttons may be

accomplishment by any lift in the group and are made automatically

by the first available car that approaches the landing in the

corresponding direction.

NON- STOPPAGE ON LOWER FLOORS

In case of very tall buildings some elevator are meant to

serve only the upper floors. They donot stop on the lower floors. This is

especially suitable for high- speed elevators. It also saves valuable time
for upper floor residents. The low speed elevators are convenient for

lower floor occupants.

FIRE LIFT

For building taller than 24 mts at least one of the lifts should

have an independent control system form the ground floor and should

be high- speed so as to reach the top most floor with in one minute.

SERVICE-CUM- BAGGAGE ELEVATOR

In building requiring a number of elevators( more than 3)

one of the elevators should be exclusively designed to carry baggage.

This is normally a slow- speed elevator having a bigger cage and a

higher load capacity. Sometimes servants are made to use this elevator.

FIRE PROTECTION

In order to make the lift shaft fire proof the doors of the

car are made fully closed type without any openings. They are

supposed to have a fire resistance of at least 1 hour.

THE FIRE SAFETY REGULATIONS FOR HIGH RISE BUILDINGS

ARE AS PER FOLLOWING ELECTRICAL SERVICES

 The electric distribution cables/ wiring shall be laid in

separate shaft shall be sealed at every alternate floor with non-

combustible materials having the same fire resistance as that of the

shaft.

The inspection panel doors and any other openings in the

shaft be provided with air tight fire doors having a fire resistance of not

less than one hour.

Water mains, telephones lines, intercom lines, gas pipes or

any other service lines shall not be laid in the lincencees cable shall be

segregated from the consumers cable by providing a portion in the

shaft.

Separate circuits for water pumps, lifts, staircases and corridor

lighting and blowers for pressuring system shall be provided directly

from the main switch gear panel and these circuits shall be laid in

separate conduict pipes so that fire in one circuit will not affect the

others. Medium and low voltage wiring running in shfts and within

case calling hall run in metal conduict till such time fire proof cables

are provided.

An independent and well ventilated service room should be

provided on the ground flor with direct success from the outside or

from outside or from the corridor for the purpose of termination of

electric supply form the licenses service and alternate supply cables the
doors provided for the service room shall a fire resistance of no less

than two hours.

AIR CONDITIONING

Escape routes like staircases, common corridors, life lobbies

etc, shall not be used as return air passage.

The ducting shall be constructed of substantial gauge metal in

accordance with is655: 1993(revised).

Whenever the ducts pass through fire/ walls or floor the

openings around the duct shale with fire resisting materials such as

rope, asbestos, mineral, wood etc, As far as possible metallic ducts

shall be used even as for the return air instead of space above the false

calling. Area more than 700SQM on individual floor shall be

segregated by fire wall and automatic fire wall and automatic fire

dampers for isolation shall be provided where the ducts pass through

fire walls. The fire dampers shall be capable of operating manually. Air

ducts serving main floor areas, corridors etc, shall not pass through the

stair wall. The air handling units shall as far as possible

be separate of each floor and air duct for every floor shall be separate

and in no way inter-connected with the ducting of any other floor. If

the air handling unit servers more than one floor the recommendations

given above shall be completed within addition conditions given below:

 Proper arrangements by way of automatic fire dampers

working on smoke detectors for isolating all ducting at every floor form

the main entrance shall be made.

Proper arrangements shall be made so that the respective air

handling units of the control air commissioning system shall be

automatically switched off when the fir alarm operated.

Automatic fire dampers shall be so arranged as to close by

gravity in the direction of the air movement and to remain closed up on

operation of a smoke detector/ fire alarm.

The air handling unit room shall not be used for

storage of any combustible materials.

EXTERNAL HYDRANTS

Two hydrants shall be provided within the confine of the site

the located on which will be made in consultation with the chief fire

officer.

These hydrants shall be provided with water by a pump from

the state supply tank. These hydrants shall have connections that water

can be supplied from stationary fire pump installation in the premises

and also from the mobile fire pump.

A pressure reducing value or disc should be incorporated in the

hydrants outlets to give pressure not exceeding 5.5-kg/ cm.

WET RISERS

The requirements of the wet risers shall be as follows:

o The wet risers shall be designed for zone distribution in three

sections as follows:

o First riser up to 60 mts height, 10 cm.dia

Second riser up to 100mts height 15 cm dia,

Third riser upto 150 \mts and above 15 cm dia.

o The risers shall also be connected to the fire pump

provided in the building.

o A slamese connection inlet on the external face of the

building or it suitable place directly fronting on the

courtyard shall be provided to connect the mobile pump to

the wet riser with a facility of instantatenous coupling.

Sufficient open space for the mobile pumping unit to enable

connections of the deliveries to the risers and the section line to the

static tank shall be provided in from of the Siamese connection inlet as

required by the chief fire officer. The static tank shall be connected to a

sump below the Siamese inlet which is accessible to the fire dept.

directly from the or level. The sump shall also be connected to the

municipal main water supply.

 The wet rising mains shall be situated to in the ventilated

lobby or in the enclosed staircase.

The riser shall be of galvanized steel piping, screwed and socketed.

The fitting should be of malleable iron or wrought iron galvanized

quality or of any other metal approved by which the chief fire officer.

All changes of direction in the run of the piping shall be made with

standard bends.

A 2.5 cm dia drain value shall be fitted at the lowest point of the riser.

Outlets shall be provided at each floor level of mid- landing in

proportioning of one outlet to each 9.30 SQM. Floor area, the outlets

shall as follows:

o Outlet shall be fitted with twin instantaneous “Morris” pattern

female couplings with twin valves the valve spindle shall not be

less than 2.25 cm and fitted with a gun metal hand about 15mm

in diameter which shall be marked ‘open and shift’ to open in

anticlockwise directions.

o These outlets shall not be located more than one meter above the

floor level.

o One of the female outlet couplings shall be connected to first aid

hose them through suitable adapter. The internal diameter of

rubber hose reel shall be minimum 10mm. A “shut off” branch

with a nozzle of 4.8mm size shall be provided.

 o The outlets shall be made of anodised aluminium or pressed iron

or such other metal as approved by the chief fire officer.

Except for the apartment buildings each riser shall extend to the roof

level and be provided with an air value at that level.

PUMP AND STORAGE TANKS

Apartment building

Between the height of 24 mts and 35 mts.

In this case pumps for domestic supply shall be designed for the

discharge worked on the basis of number of water closets, bath-rooms,

kitchen etc, as approved by the hydraulic engineer of the Bombay

municipal to deliver water at the rate of peak discharges with a wet

riser of adequate size. There will be the occupation for fighting the fire,

to overcome the difficulty of sufficient on the floors immediately y

below the terrace.

The capacity of the tank of the terrace the non-

return valve and the pump shall be as specified as above.

Residential with shopping above 250 sqm, and non- residential

buildings.

There shall be a provision of one pump of a capacity which can give

24,00 liters per minute at 3.2 kilogram per sq.cm pressure at the
topmost hydrant in this case the over head tank and booster pump at

the terrace level shall not be insisted upon.

In all the above cases, the pump shall be arranged and also a diesel

generator and a stand-by pump may be insisted upon.

GENERATOR

A generator shall be installed to supply power to staircase,

corridor and compound lighting circuits, fire lifts pressurisation

blowers, smoke extraction and damper system in case of failure of

electricity supply, the generator shall be capable of taking starting

current of all the machines and circuits stated above simultaneously.

Where paralleled l.f/h.t. Supply is provided with appropriate

emergency services by generator need not be provided.

KITCHENETTE OR CANTEEN KITCHEN

Kitchenette of canteen kitchen; if provided on any floor, shall be in an

enclosure having two hours fire resistance and shall be located at the

perimeter of the floor the exit route.

The entrance door of the kitchenette/ kitchen shall be self-

closing type and shall have a fire resistance of not less than one hour.

In case l.p gas cylinders are used the requirements for its

safe use shall conform to the requirement for ‘ handling of l.p gas

cylinders prescribed by the Bombay fire brigade.

In case the entire let table floor space is undivided, the travel distance

from the farthest point to the nearest staircase shall mot exceed 30

meters.

ESCAPE ROUTES FROM ROOM SPACE TO STAIRCASES

Travel Distance

A minimum of two enclosed staircases shall be provided in the

opposite ends of the building as far as possible. At least two staircases

shall be accessible from each let table floor area at all floor levels.

Zone control valves: systems are divided into zones to ensure that in an

emergency, the area of the sprinkler system operation can be readily

identified from the alarm signal initiated by the zone flow switch. The

installation of zone control provides a means for partially isolating the

system for maintenance and/or repair. Zone control valves are

described in detail in Section 9.8.

Flushing cap: it is essential to keep the pipes free of sludge and other

contaminants that may be brought in by the municipal supply. Flushing

caps are provided to simplify cleaning so that the entire system can be

easily maintained in peak condition at all times.

9.5 Hotel Occupancy

9.5.1 RESIDENTIAL

Residential occupancy areas are classified as Light Hazard, and include:

 • guest rooms;

• apartments;

• suites; and

• connecting corridors.

9.5.2 PUBLIC AREAS

The following areas are classified as Light Hazard Occupancy:

• lounges;

• restaurants (seating);

• bars;

• receptions; and

• meeting/conference rooms.

Restaurant service areas are classified as Ordinary Hazard (Group

1), while shops are Ordinary Hazard (Group 2).

3. Water-based Fire Suppression Systems

The water-based fire suppression systems most commonly used in the

hotel environment are introduced in this section. Full details will be found

in subsequent sections.
Alternative water-based fire suppression systems, such as deluge and foam

systems, are not included in this handbook because they are rarely (if ever)

used in hotels. However they are used on cruise ships, river boats and other

vessels for engine room protection.

3.1 WATER SUPPLIES

Water supplies to fire suppression systems are usually derived from

municipal or private supplies.

In earthquake zones, fire suppression systems shall be designed with pumps

and tanks.

3.2 PRIVATE FIRE SERVICE MAINS AND HYDRANTS

Private fire service mains are generally required for hotels which are located

away from city and town centers. The private fire service mains supply

hydrants and are often used to supply the sprinkler and standpipe systems.

3.3 SPRINKLER SYSTEMS

There are three NFPA standards applicable to the installation of sprinkler

systems in hotels and inns.

3.7 PORTABLE FIRE EXTINGUISHERS

Portable fire extinguishers are required in all hotels and inns.

3.8 SPECIAL SUPPRESSION SYSTEMS

Most hotels and inns will require a special suppression system for the kitchen

range, exhaust hood and exhaust duct. Other special suppression

systems may be required in areas containing electrical switch gear,

transformers, generators, computers, phone equipment, and areas which

contain materials such as paints and varnishes.

4. PLANNING FIRE SUPPRESSION SYSTEMS

4.1 DEVELOPMENT OF A DESIGN PHILOSOPHY

A design philosophy for the fire suppression systems should be

prepared for each hotel project, irrespective of whether it is an existing,

takeover or new construction project. The design philosophy should be

prepared and issued as a document for inclusion in the Fire Catalogue .

4.4 LOCATION AND RESPONSE TIME OF THE FIRE

DEPARTMENT

The location of the first units of the fire department to respond can be a

major issue when deciding the design philosophy of fire suppression

systems.
The general philosophy for the provision of fire suppression systems is

that portable fire

4.9 HOTEL CONSTRUCTION

The height of the hotel will determine whether a standpipe system is

required. Standpipe systems are required for all hotels of three stories or

more.

Hotels with a height greater than 275 ft (83.82 m) above grade will require a

zoned standpipe system.

Structural elements may exist that will require special selection and spacing of

fire sprinklers.

4.10 STRUCTURAL COMPARTMENTATION

Communicating floor areas will determine whether more than one

sprinkler system for a given area is required.

Structural compartmentation will influence both the sprinkler zoning and

distribution piping arrangement.

4.11 INTERFACING FIRE DETECTION, ALARM & VOICE

COMMUNICATION SYSTEMS
Co-ordination between the design of fire suppression systems and fire

detection, alarm and voice communication systems is essential.

4.12 CO-ORDINATION WITH HVAC, MECHANICAL AND

ELECTRICAL SYSTEMS

The design and zoning of HVAC (heating, ventilation and air

conditioning), mechanical and \ electrical services must be co-ordinated

with the design of the fire suppression systems.The integrity of

compartmentation and coincidence of selected zones should be

maintained.

Where the isolation of the HVAC system is required on a zoned basis, the

arrangement of both the mechanical and electrical services should

facilitate this requirement.

If smoke control is required by local codes, heating, ventilation and air

conditioning ducting systems should be designed for satisfying both smoke

control and HVAC functions.

4.13 FIRE SUPPRESSION SYSTEM ZONING

Zoning of the sprinkler system is required in all hotels. Typical examples

for the provision | of horizontal and vertical zoning are shown in Figures

4.14 FIRE SUPPRESSION SYSTEM REQUIREMENTS

The total requirement of the fire suppression systems must be defined in

the design criteria. This definition should cover the following:

• private or direct connection to the municipal water

distribution system

• provision of private fire service mains and hydrants

• provision of a standpipe system

• provision of a sprinkler system

• provision of fire hoses for occupant use

• provision of portable fire extinguishers

• provision of special fire suppression systems

• provision of water spray systems; and

• provision of foam water systems.

4.15 OCCUPANCY OF THE BUILDING

The type of occupancy/use of all parts of the building must be

established.

Where a change in occupancy/use can be anticipated or may occur in

any part of the building, for instance use of function rooms for exhibit

space or temporary storage of furniture or large quantities of project

materials, the design of the hotel fire suppression systems shall

contemplate such potential occupancies and shall incorporate sufficient

flexibility to allow for change in occupancy.

4.16 HAZARD CLASSIFICATION

The sprinkler system design shall provide a suitable density of water

applied over an assumed area of operation for all parts of the hotel. The

room design method may be used as an alternative to the area/density

method.

Each area shall be classified on the basis of occupancy, reasonable

anticipated use and categorized as either Light Hazard, Ordinary

Hazard - Group 1 or 2, and Extra hazard -Group 1 or 2.

4.17 DETERMINATION OF WATER SUPPLY

Water supply requirements for the fire suppression systems shall be

determined on the basis of the required maximum flow and pressure, and

of the storage capacity where applicable.

A selection between private water supplies, or connection to the municipal

water supply, may have to be made based on present and anticipated

future reliability.

In earthquake zones, fire suppression systems shall be designed with

pumps and tanks.

 TYPICAL

STANDPIPE RISER LOCATED IN

NONCOMBUSTIBLE FIRE-RATED STAIR

ENCLOSURE
 INCORRECT LOCATION
OF HOSE CONNECTION
 CORRECT LOCATION OF

HOSE CONNECTION

9.3 Types of Sprinkler System

There are three different types of sprinkler system commonly used in

hotels, all of which employ the same sort of piping layout. They are the

 wet-pipe system;

 the dry-pipe system; and

 the pre-action system.

9.3.1 THE WET-PIPE SYSTEM

The wet-pipe system maintains water in all pipes at all times. When a

sprinkler is opened in response to a fire, water discharges from that

sprinkler[s] into the room only. Wet-pipe sprinkler systems are suitable

for the protection of all buildings or parts of buildings_where^ the

temperature is always maintained above freezing.

9.3.2 THE DRY-PIPE SYSTEM

Normally only used in parts of the world where systems could be

exposed to J>elow^ freezing temperatures. When not in use, the dry-pipe

system maintains a protective barrier of air in all pipes lying between

special differential valves and the fire sprinklers. The dry-pipe valve is

kept shut solely by pressure equilibrium. When a sprinkler is opened,

the compressed air is released through the sprinkler head, the

downstream pressure falls, the valve opens and the water flows through

the system. Dry-pipe sprinkler systems should be employed in all

buildings or parts of buildings where the temperature is not

maintained above freezing at all times. Garages and goods receiving bays

are typical areas which may require dry-pipe sprinkler systems.

9.3.3 THE PRE-ACTION SYSTEM

The pre-action system is a more sophisticated version of the dry-pipe

system and normally used to prevent water piping under pressure in

high_value water sensitive areas. The room to be protected is equipped

with its own private supplemental fire detection system linked directly to

an electrical pre-action valve. The detection system can operate the pre-

action valve, filling the system with water. Water discharge occurs only

from open sprinklers. The earlier alarm from this extra system gives

personnel the opportunity to attack the fire in its incipient stages with

fire extinguishers or hand-held hoses, before the main sprinkler system is

activated.

Pre-action sprinkler systems can be employed in parts of buildings which

contain high-value equipment vulnerable to water, such as computer

rooms etc.

9.3.4 THE CIRCULATING CLOSED-LOOP SYSTEM

There is a fourth system, the circulating closed-loop system, by which

sprinklers share the same pipes as the heating or cooling system. It

suffers from a number of severe disadvantages:

TYPICAL SPRINKLER
INSTALLATION
9.6 Areas Requiring Special Consideration

9.6.1 GUESTROOMS

Figure 9.3 shows common arrangements of a guest room. From the

entrance lobby there is access to the sleeping/living accommodation and

the bathroom. Often the clothes closet is located in the guest entrance

vestibule.

Bathrooms usually have an area of less than 55 ft 2 (5.0 m2) and are

equipped with non-combustible fittings. Therefore they do not require

fire sprinklers.
Similarly, clothes closets constructed of non-combustible materials and

covering an area not more than 24 ft2 (2.0 m2) and where the least

dimension does not exceed 3 ft (1 meter) do not require sprinklers.

Vestibules (and bathrooms) usually have suspended ceilings, with

mechanical and electrical services housed above. A vestibule can be

protected with a pendent sprinkler fixed to the suspended ceiling and

with the pipe concealed in the void. Vestibules that do not have

suspended ceilings may be protected with sidewall sprinklers.

For the protection of the sleeping/living area, the exact location and type

of sprinkler to be used will be largely dictated by the size, shape and

construction of the room.

The use of quick response (QR) sprinklers in guest rooms is mandatory

for all new hotel systems installed in areas where these sprinklers are

available. The type may be pendent, sidewall and/or extended coverage.

In all instances, whichever sprinklers are selected, they must be installed

and maintained in complete compliance with the manufacturer's

technical data relating to:

• application;

• coverage area;

• location; and

• minimum pressure requirements.

Fire sprinkler should be selected to provide the maximum coverage of

the combustible contents of the room. Economies of design and good

aesthetic results can be achieved by using sidewall sprinklers. Extended

coverage sidewall sprinklers with a reach of up to 24 ft (7.0 m) are

available.

Clearly, for aesthetic reasons, all pipes to fire sprinklers in guest rooms

and public spaces shall be concealed.

TYPICAL SPRINKLER PROTECTION FOR A GUEST

ROOM
ALTERNATIVE GUESTROOM SPRINKLER LAYOUT
 TYPICAL SPRINKLER DISTRIBUTION LAYOUT
ON A GUEST ROOM FLOOR

9.6.4 COMPUTER ROOMS

Computer rooms need special protection because the water from the

sprinklers may cause more damage than a small fire that is extinguished

quickly by hand. There are two ways of controlling the sprinklers:

• a pre-action system; or

• listed flow-control (on/off) sprinklers.

The pre-action system provides an earlier alarm, giving personnel time

to attack the fire in its incipient stage. Should this first attempt fail, the

sprinklers will operate in the normal manner.

Flow-control heads are more commonly known as on/off sprinklers: a heat

sensitive element opens and closes the flow valve of the sprinkler. The
potential risk of water-damage is reduced as each sprinkler that is

activated will automatically switch itself off again as soon as the

temperature falls below the operational setting.

9.6.5 LAUNDRY AND GARBAGE CHUTES

Laundry and garbage chute systems are either circular or square

vertical ducts with access doors located at each floor level and a

receiving area at the bottom level.

Automatic sprinkler protection must be provided for chute systems in

buildings over two stories high. Sprinklers are required:

• at the top of the chute;

• at alternate floor levels; and

• at the base receiving area.

The system can be configured as one vertical sprinkler system zone

equipped with a zone control valve and flow switch arrangement.

Sprinklers located at the alternate floor levels must be positioned in

purpose built housings attached to the side of the vertical duct. This is

accomplished by recessing the sprinkler in the wall of the chute and

external access for inspection and maintenance of sprinkler heads

provided.

9.6.6 ATRIA
An atrium is a large vertical opening that spans two or more floors. As

a general rule, an atrium has a relatively large plan area.

The atrium opening shall have a minimum horizontal dimension of 20

ft (6.1 m) and a minimum area of 1000 ft2 (93 m2). Sprinklers located

within the roof of an atrium will not necessarily provide adequate

protection since their distance from the seat of the fire will delay their

response. It is therefore essential that combustible furnishings located

on the floor beneath the atrium be few and separated from each other.

Where glass walls, instead of non-combustible one hour minimum fire

resistive walls, are used to separate the adjacent spaces from the

atrium, quick response sprinklers shall be installed both sides of the

glass. These quick response sprinklers shall be spaced 6 ft (1.83 m) or less

along both sides of the glass walls. They shall be placed within 12" (300

mm) of the glass and located such that the entire surface of the glass is

wetted upon operation of the sprinklers. In locations where there are

no walkways or other floor areas on the atrium side above the main

floor level, quick response sprinklers may be omitted on the atrium side

of the glass walls.

9.6.7 ESCALATORS
The floor opening of escalators and moving stairs which are not enclosed

must be protected with a water curtain provided by closely spaced

sprinklers combined with draft stops.

The draft stops shall be:

• located immediately adjacent to the opening;

• at least 18" (450 mm) deep; and

• of non-combustible or limited-combustible material that

will stay in place before and during sprinkler

operation.Sprinklers shall be spaced not more than 6 ft (1.8

m) apart and placed 6" to 12" (150 mm to 300 mm) from

the draft stop on the side of the opening. When sprinklers

are closer than 6 ft (1.8 m), cross baffles shall be provided.

Provision of a water curtain does not change the requirement for

sprinkler protection on the underside of the escalator or within

machinery spaces.

9.6.8 COLD ROOMS

Dry pendent sprinklers can be used for the protection of cold rooms

which are maintained at or can achieve temperatures below freezing.

Sprinkler protection can be provided:

• from an extension to a dry-pipe sprinkler system; or

 • by using special dry pendent sprinklers attached to a

conventional wet-pipe sprinkler system.

The dry pendent sprinkler has a mechanical device which prevents

water entering the assembly before the sprinkler head operates. The

length of the assembly is variable, so the required lengths must be

carefully calculated and specified at the ordering stage.

9.6.9 INDOOR POOLS, SPA BATHS ETC.

Hotel recreation areas often pose unique design problems for the

sprinkler system. In a hotel, the indoor swimming pool areas are often

used for fashion shows and other non recreational activities, whereby a

temporary fire load is introduced into the area which normally has a

negligible fire load.

Chlorine and similar chemicals used as additives in swimming pools

and spa baths can create a corrosive atmosphere affecting sprinklers

and piping over or near such areas. Sprinklers and pipes with corrosion

resistant finishes should be installed in such environments.

Saunas and steam rooms are areas associated with high ambient

temperatures. Sprinklers installed in these areas require higher

temperature ratings.

Sprinklers located above indoor rackets courts are exposed to

mechanical damage. Sprinkler guards shall be provided.

9.6,10 SPECIAL RISK AREAS

Areas containing equipment or hazardous materials should be designated

special risk areas. Standard sprinkler systems are unlikely to be able to

provide satisfactory protection for such areas.

Kitchen cooking equipment with associated exhaust hoods and ducts can

be protected with either a special suppression system or a water spray

nozzle system .Storage areas for hazardous materials such as large

quantities of paints and thinners will require special consideration.

Exceptions

However, where such rooms are large enough to be used for storage too,

partial sprinkler protection shall be provided for those potential storage

areas. Baffles may be required to prevent sprinklers spraying water over

machinery and damaging electrical circuits. Drainage and curbs

between hoist cable openings and sprinklered areas in elevator machine

rooms may also be needed to, prevent water entering elevator shafts

when the sprinklers are in action.

15. Special Suppression Systems

It is recommended that existing halon systems be phased out as soon as

possible. When a halon system is phased out, the halon containers shall

not be discharged, but made available to a licensed, authorized dealer

who will use the halon to prolong the service of other halon systems.

Areas protected by fixed halon systems shall be prepared for the

extension of the automatic sprinkler system.

Dry chemical extinguishing systems may be used for the protection of

areas containing:

• flammable or combustible liquids;

• transformers;

• oil circuit breakers; and

• cooking ranges, hoods and exhaust duct systems.

Wet chemical extinguishing systems or water based fire suppression

systems may be used for the protection of cooking ranges, hoods and

exhaust duct systems .

PROJEST DETAILS

CASE STUDY
 Emirates tower
 Al fattan tower
 Dusit dubai

LITERATURE STUDY
 Petronas tower
 Bank of china
 Burj al arab

SPACE REQUIREMENTS

1. RECEPTION- 50SQM
2. BELL CAPTAIN-10
3. LONGUE-100
4. RECEPTION OFFICE -30
5. FLOW AREA -250
6. RESTAURENT-INDIAN-200
7. SPECIALITY-100
8. COFFEE SHOP-120
9. BAR-70
10. BEVERAGE STORE-15
11. MAIN KITCHEN -200
12. CHIEF CABIN -12
13. COUNTERS -12
14. DISHWASHING COUNTER-20
15. COOKING RANGE-20
16. BUTCHERY-10
17. GRAGE MANAGER-20
18. CHEMISTRY LAB-10
19. PANTRY-70
20. STORE -80
21. COLD STORE-50
22. LOAD/UNLOAD PLATFORM-100
23. ADMINISTRATION OFFICE-50
24. GENERAL MANAGER-15
25. OFFICES GENERAL-100
26. GUEST ROOMS SINGLE-25
27. DOUBLE-35
28. EXECUTIVE-45
SERVICE

LAUNDRY-150
GENERAL SERVICES
GARBAGE ROOM-25
MAINTANENCE-50
WORKSHOP AND PAINT-30
BOILER ROOM -50
RECEIVING ROOM- 30
AC PLANT
TRANSFORMER
ELECTRICAL ROOM
AHU
FIRE ESCAPE STAIR

CONFERENCE ROOM
CAPACITY 300PER-375
CAPACITY 100 PER-150
CAPACITY 50 PERS-100
CAPACITY 25 PER- 50

BANQUET HALL
CAPACITY 300 PERS-300
PANTRY-75
BANQUET AREA-80

HEALTH CLUB
EXERCISE ROOM-100
GYMNASEUM-75
HEALTH CLUB-200
SAUNA,MASSAGE,LOCKERS-200

EXHIBITION