2/9/2019 Reformed Apologetics Ministries: JEHOVAH OF THE OLD TESTAMENT IS JESUS OF THE NEW TESTAMENT

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4 captures 15 f 🐦
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ABOUT Monday, March 7, 2016

My name is Keith Thompson. I JEHOVAH OF THE OLD TESTAMENT IS JESUS OF THE NEW TESTAMENT
am a Christian apologist and
documentary film maker. I write
for www.Answering-Islam.org
and am the owner of Reformed By Sam Shamoun
Apologetics Ministries. I can be
reached at
keithtruth2010@hotmail.com.
In this article we will list some of the many ways in which the NT writers identify Jesus Christ as Jehovah
God in the flesh. Keep in mind that the testimony of the Holy Bible is that God is a Trinity who eternally
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exists as three distinct, yet inseparable Persons, namely, the Father, the Son and the Holy Spirit. Therefore, to
say that Jesus is Jehovah is not to say that he is all three divine Persons. Rather, the Holy Scriptures identify
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Christ as Jehovah God the Son who is one with both the Father and the Holy Spirit in essence and nature.
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JEHOVAH
ASSIST MINISTRY
“All nations whom thou hast made shall come and worship before thee, O Lord; and shall glorify thy
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name. For thou art great, and doest wondrous things: thou art God alone.” Psalm 86:9-10

“And Hezekiah received the letter from the hand of the messengers, and read it: and Hezekiah went up
unto the house of the LORD, and spread it before the LORD. And Hezekiah prayed unto the LORD,
saying, O LORD of hosts, God of Israel, that dwellest between the cherubims, thou art the God, even
thou alone, of all the kingdoms of the earth: thou hast made heaven and earth. Incline thine ear, O
LORD, and hear; open thine eyes, O LORD, and see: and hear all the words of Sennacherib, which hath
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sent to reproach the living God. Of a truth, LORD, the kings of Assyria have laid waste all the nations,
and their countries, and have cast their gods into the fire: for they were no gods, but the work of men’s
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hands, wood and stone: therefore they have destroyed them. Now therefore, O LORD our God, save us
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from his hand, that all the kingdoms of the earth may know that thou art the LORD, even thou only.”
Isaiah 37:14-20

JESUS

WATCH DOCUMENTARY “In the beginning was the Word, and the Word was with God, and the Word was God… And the
FILMS ONLINE Word was made flesh, and dwelt among us, (and we beheld his glory, the glory as of the only begotten
- Darwinism's Downfall of the Father,) full of grace and truth.” John 1:1, 14
- Sword and the Crescent
- Atheists Don't Exist “And Thomas answered and said UNTO HIM, My Lord and my God. Jesus saith unto him, Thomas,
- Purgatory Debunked because thou hast seen me, thou hast believed: blessed are they that have not seen, and yet have
- Reformed Answers on the believed.” John 20:28-29
Roman Corruption of
Christianity
“whose are the fathers, and of whom as concerning the flesh Christ came, who is over all, God
- Word of Faith Teachers:
blessed for ever. Amen.” Romans 9:5
Origins & Errors of Their
Teaching
- Joel Osteen: Origins and Errors “And without controversy great is the mystery of godliness: God was manifest in the flesh, justified
of his Teaching in the Spirit, seen of angels, preached unto the Gentiles, believed on in the world, received up into
- Historical Case for Paul's glory.” 1 Timothy 3:16
Apostleship: Critique of Muslim
Arguments “But unto the Son he saith, Thy throne, O God, is for ever and ever: a sceptre of righteousness is the
sceptre of thy kingdom.” Hebrews 1:8

VIDEO TEACHINGS 2. Who is the only immutable Creator and Sustainer of all things?
- An Historical Case for Christ's
Resurrection JEHOVAH

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2/9/2019 Reformed Apologetics Ministries: JEHOVAH OF THE OLD TESTAMENT IS JESUS OF THE NEW TESTAMENT
- Josephus and Tacitus on Christ:
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4 captures
An Analysis “Of old hast thou laid the foundation of the earth: and the heavens are the work15 of thy hands. They f 🐦
- Adolf Hitler was not a Christian
11 Mar 2016 - 15 Aug 2016 shall perish, but thou shalt endure: yea, all of them shall wax old like a garment; as a 2017
2015 2016 vesture shalt
▾ About this capture
- Refuting the Lie John Invented
thou change them, and they shall be changed: but thou art the same, and thy years shall have no end.”
Sayings of Jesus
Psalm 102:25-27
- Shabir Ally & Raymond
Brown’s Redaction Criticism of
John “Thus saith the LORD, thy redeemer, and he that formed thee from the womb, I am the LORD that
- Answering Muslims: Is Jesus a maketh all things; that stretcheth forth the heavens ALONE; that spreadeth abroad the earth BY
Son Among Tons? MYSELF;” Isaiah 44:24
- Refuting Bart Ehrman’s
“Passion Contradictions” JESUS
Muslims Parrot
- How Salvation Works: Plain
“The same was in the beginning with God. All things were made BY HIM him; and without him was
and Simple
- Catholic Idol Worshiper's Big not any thing made that was made. In him was life; and the life was the light of men… He was in
Justification Lie the world, and the world was made BY HIM, and the world knew him not.” John 1:2-4, 10
- Jesus Sent for Jews Only?:
Answering Muslims “who is the image of the invisible God, the firstborn of every creature: for BY HIM were all things
- Old Testament Genocide?: created, that are in heaven, and that are in earth, visible and invisible, whether they be thrones, or
Answering "Atheists"
dominions, or principalities, or powers: all things were created BY HIM, and FOR HIM: and he IS
- The Bible and Slavery:
before all things, and BY HIM all things consist.” Colossians 1:15-17
Answering "Atheists"
- Absurdities of Youtube Atheist
"CultofDusty" “hath in these last days spoken unto us by his Son, whom he hath appointed heir of all things, BY
- Absurdities of Youtube Atheist WHOM also he made the worlds; who being the brightness of his glory, and the express image of his
“Thunderf00t” person, and upholding all things by the word of his power, when he had by himself purged our sins,
- Absurdities of Youtube Atheist sat down on the right hand of the Majesty on high… And, Thou, Lord, in the beginning hast laid the
"AronRa" foundation of the earth; and the heavens are the works of THINE HANDS: they shall perish; but
- 20 Reasons to Never Join Islam
thou remainest; and they all shall wax old as doth a garment; and as a vesture shalt thou fold them
- The Bible Teaches Original Sin
- Whalid Shoebat’s Son’s up, and they shall be changed: but thou art the same, and thy years shall not fail.” Hebrews 1:2-3,
“Christian Militancy” Teaching 10-12
Refuted
- Proof Virgin Mary is not the Ark 3. Who is the only Savior that can save us from sins?
of the Covenant
-Brief Explanation of Calvinism JEHOVAH
- Jeffrey Daugherty's "Apostle
Paul Antichrist" Theory
“Let Israel hope in the LORD: for with the LORD there is mercy, and with him is plenteous redemption.
Debunked
And he shall redeem Israel from all his iniquities.” Psalm 130:7-8
- Refutation of Heretic Jesse
Morrell's Documentary "Beyond
Augustine" part 1, 2 “I, even I, am the LORD; and beside me there is no saviour… I, even I, am he that blotteth out thy
- Myth of Imputed Righteousness transgressions for mine own sake, and will not remember thy sins.” Isaiah 43:11, 25
of Christ? Answering Heretic
Jesse Morrell “Yet I am the LORD thy God from the land of Egypt, and thou shalt know no god but me: for there is
- A Biblical Case for no saviour beside me.” Hosea 13:4
Determinism: God's sovereignty
over all (Chris Gautreau) JESUS
- Defending Reformed View of
John 6 - Refuting Heretic
“And she shall bring forth a son, and thou shalt call his name JESUS: for he shall save his people
Kerrigan Skelly
- Was Judas Once a Saved True from their sins. Now all this was done, that it might be fulfilled which was spoken of the Lord by the
Believer? - Refuting Heretic prophet, saying, Behold, a virgin shall be with child, and shall bring forth a son, and they shall call his
Kerrigan Skelly name Emmanuel, which being interpreted is, God with us.” Matthew 1:21-23
- Theory on the Origins of Papal
Infallibility
“And it came to pass on the morrow, that their rulers, and elders, and scribes, and Annas the high
-Answers to Theological
Questions Posed by YouTube priest, and Caiaphas, and John, and Alexander, and as many as were of the kindred of the high
Subscribers - part 1, 2, 3 priest, were gathered together at Jerusalem. And when they had set them in the midst, they asked,
By what power, or by what name, have ye done this? Then Peter, filled with the Holy Ghost, said
DEBATES & DISCUSSIONS unto them, Ye rulers of the people, and elders of Israel, if we this day be examined of the good
- Is Muhammad Predicted in the deed done to the impotent man, by what means he is made whole; be it known unto you all, and to
Bible? (Keith Thompson vs. all the people of Israel, that by the name of Jesus Christ of Nazareth, whom ye crucified, whom
Inamullah Mumtaz) God raised from the dead, even by him doth this man stand here before you whole. This is the
- Is Papal Primacy Primitive?
stone which was set at nought of you builders, which is become the head of the corner. Neither is
(Keith Thompson vs. Catholic
Minister)
there salvation in any other: for there is none other name under heaven given among men,
- Is the Roman Catholic Papacy whereby we must be saved. Now when they saw the boldness of Peter and John, and perceived
Biblical and Historical? (Keith that they were unlearned and ignorant men, they marvelled; and they took knowledge of them,
Thompson vs. Roman Catholic) that they had been with Jesus. And beholding the man which was healed standing with them, they
- Papal Primacy and Canon could say nothing against it.” Acts 4:5-14
Debate (Keith Thompson vs.
Catholic)
“This is a faithful saying, and worthy of all acceptation, that Christ Jesus came into the world to save
- Catholic Apologist Admits he
sinners; of whom I am chief.” 1 Timothy 1:15
can't Historically Prove Peter
was First Roman Bishop & More
(Keith Thompson vs. Fidei “and from Jesus Christ, who is the faithful witness, and the first begotten of the dead, and the prince
Defensor SPQR) of the kings of the earth. Unto him that loved us, and washed us from our sins in his own blood, and
- Is Justification by Faith Alone? hath made us kings and priests unto God and his Father; to him be glory and dominion for ever and
(Keith Thompson vs. Catholic ever. Amen.” Revelation 1:5-6 – cf. 5:9-10; 7:9-17

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Peter Dimond)
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4 captures
- Is Paul a True Apostle? (Keith
Thompson vs. Muslim Nadir
11 Mar 2016 - 15 Aug 2016
Ahmed)
- Does the Immaculate
Conception Contradict Scripture
and History? (Keith Thompson
vs. Richard a Roman Catholic)
-Infant Baptism Debate: Chris
Gautreau vs. Zachary Kueker
(written debate)
- Is God Sovereign Over All?
(Chris Gautreau vs.
FaithandPractice)
- Is Christianity a Religion of
Peace? (Keith Thompson vs.
Muslim Sami Zaatari)
- Discussion with two Catholics
on Interpreting Scripture
- Is Free Will Biblical? (Keith
Thompson vs. Charismatic
Arminian)
- Is Original Sin Biblical? (Keith
Thompson vs. Two Pelagians)
- Does the New Testament Teach
the Deity of Jesus? (Keith
Thompson vs. Yuratchka the
Arian)
- Does Scripture Teach
Predestination? (Keith Thompson
vs. Arminian - very short)
ARTICLES
Islam
- The Reliability of the Gospel of
John
- Comprehensive Case Jesus
Died by Crucifixion
- Are the Gospels too late and
Unreliable?
- Original Sources the Koran
Stole its Stories from
- The Corruption of the Koran:
Evidence and New Research
- Muhammad Taught and
Practiced Offensive Jihad
- Are Muhammad and Islam
Predicted in the Bible?
- Errors in the Koran and
Ahadith
- Evidence Muhammad was
Demon Possessed
- Jesus as God Before Paul
- Some Absurd and Silly
Teachings of Muhammad
- Refuting Bart Ehrman’s
“Passion Contradictions”
Muslims Parrot
- Jesus Sent for Jews Only?:
Answering Muslims
- 20 Reasons to Never Join Islam
- Is Christianity a Religion of
Peace?
- Who Wrote the Gospels?
Internal and External Arguments
for Traditional Authorship
- Answering Sami Zaatari on the
Pharisaic Accusation that Christ
Claimed Deity
- A Case for the Deity of Christ in
Light of Muslim Objections
- The Historical Case for Paul's
Apostleship: And a Critique of
Muslim Arguments
- Muhammad's Condition in
Light of the Biblical Description
of Demonic Possession
- Christ’s Deity in Light of not
Knowing the Day & Hour of His
Return
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4. Who is the only One that is exalted above all creation as the Most High? 15 f 🐦
2015 2016 2017 ▾ About this capture
JEHOVAH
“that men may know that thou, whose name alone is JEHOVAH, art the most high over all the
earth.” Psalm 83:18
“The lofty looks of man shall be humbled, and the haughtiness of men shall be bowed down, and the
LORD alone shall be exalted in that day.” Isaiah 2:11
“And in that day shall ye say, Praise the LORD, call upon his name, declare his doings among the
people, make mention that his name is exalted.” Isaiah 12:4
JESUS
“And no man hath ascended up to heaven, but he that came down from heaven, even the Son of man
which is in heaven. … He that cometh from above is above all: he that is of the earth is earthly, and
speaketh of the earth: he that cometh from heaven is above all.” John 3:13, 31
“Wherefore God also hath highly exalted him, and given him a name which is above every name:”
Philippians 2:9
“and what is the exceeding greatness of his power to us-ward who believe, according to the working
of his mighty power, which he wrought in Christ, when he raised him from the dead, and set him at his
own right hand in the heavenly places, far above all principality, and power, and might, and
dominion, and every name that is named, not only in this world, but also in that which is to
come: and hath put all things under his feet, and gave him to be the head over all things to the
church, which is his body, the fulness of him that filleth all in all.” Ephesians 1:19-23
“The like figure whereunto even baptism doth also now save us (not the putting away of the filth of
the flesh, but the answer of a good conscience toward God,) by the resurrection of Jesus Christ: who is
gone into heaven, and is on the right hand of God; angels and authorities and powers being made
subject unto him.” 1 Peter 3:22
5. Who is the Alpha and Omega, the Beginning and the End, and the First and the Last?
JEHOVAH
“Thus saith the LORD the King of Israel, and his redeemer the LORD of hosts; I am the first, and I am
the last; and beside me there is no God.” Isaiah 44:6 – cf. 41:4; 48:12
“And he said unto me, It is done. I am Alpha and Omega, the beginning and the end. I will give unto
him that is athirst of the fountain of the water of life freely. He that overcometh shall inherit all things;
and I will be his God, and he shall be my son.” Revelation 21:6-7
JESUS
“Behold, he cometh with clouds; and every eye shall see him, and they also which pierced him:
and all kindreds of the earth shall wail because of him. Even so, Amen. I am Alpha and Omega,
the beginning and the ending, saith the Lord, which is, and which was, and which is to come, the
Almighty. I John, who also am your brother, and companion in tribulation, and in the kingdom
and patience of Jesus Christ, was in the isle that is called Patmos, for the word of God, and for the
testimony of Jesus Christ. I was in the Spirit on the Lord’s day, and heard behind me a great
voice, as of a trumpet, saying, I am Alpha and Omega, the first and the last: and, What thou
seest, write in a book, and send it unto the seven churches which are in Asia; unto Ephesus, and
unto Smyrna, and unto Pergamos, and unto Thyatira, and unto Sardis, and unto Philadelphia, and
unto Laodicea. And I turned to see the voice that spake with me. And being turned, I saw seven
golden candlesticks; and in the midst of the seven candlesticks one like unto the Son of man,
clothed with a garment down to the foot, and girt about the paps with a golden girdle. His head
and his hairs were white like wool, as white as snow; and his eyes were as a flame of fire; and his
feet like unto fine brass, as if they burned in a furnace; and his voice as the sound of many
waters. And he had in his right hand seven stars: and out of his mouth went a sharp twoedged
sword: and his countenance was as the sun shineth in his strength. And when I saw him, I fell at
his feet as dead. And he laid his right hand upon me, saying unto me, Fear not; I am the first and
the last: I am he that liveth, and was dead; and, behold, I am alive for evermore, Amen; and have
the keys of hell and of death.” Revelation 1:8-18 – cf. 2:8
“And, behold, I come quickly; and my reward is with me, to give every man according as his
work shall be. I am Alpha and Omega, the beginning and the end, the first and the last… I
Jesus have sent mine angel to testify unto you these things in the churches. I am the root and the
offspring of David, and the bright and morning star… He which testifieth these things saith,
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- Daniel 7:13-14 and Christ’s Surely I come quickly. Amen.
Even so, come, Lord Jesus. The grace
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Deity: Answering Ibn Anwar’s with you all. Amen.” Revelation 22:12-13, 16, 20-21 15 f 🐦
Eisegesis
11 Mar 2016 - 15 Aug 2016 2015 2016 2017 ▾ About this capture
- The Historicity of the
Appearance to the 500 in 1
6. Who do we call on, pray to, and invoke?
Corinthians 15:6
- Muslim Misuse of Hebrews 5:7:
Does This Verse Teach Jesus JEHOVAH
Never Died?
- Ibn Anwar’s False Charge of “Into thine hand I commit my spirit: thou hast redeemed me, O LORD God of truth.” Psalm 31:5
Anachronistic Error: An
Exegetical Examination of Mark “O thou that hearest prayer, unto thee shall all flesh come.” Psalm 65:2
2:26
- Ibn Anwar’s False Charge of “Exalt ye the LORD our God, and worship at his footstool; for he is holy. Moses and Aaron among
Anachronistic Error: An
his priests, and Samuel among them that call upon his name; they called upon the LORD, and he
Exegetical Examination of Mark
2:26, Part 2 answered them. He spake unto them in the cloudy pillar: they kept his testimonies, and the
- Jesus as Divine Judge: A ordinance that he gave them.” Psalm 99:5-7
Response to the Muhammedan
Site “Do Not Say Trinity” JESUS
- Bart Ehrman: A Hero For
Islam? “And whatsoever ye shall ask in my name, that will I do, that the Father may be glorified in the
- Is Asking “Where did Jesus say,
Son. If ye shall ask any thing in my name, I will do it.” John 14:13-14
‘I am God’” a Good Argument?
- Revisiting “Where Did Jesus
Say ‘I am God’" A Response to “And they stoned Stephen, calling upon God, and saying, Lord Jesus, receive my spirit. And he
the Muhammedan Site “Do Not kneeled down, and cried with a loud voice, Lord, lay not this sin to their charge. And when he had
Say Trinity" said this, he fell asleep.” Acts 7:59-60
- Contra Paul Williams on the
Death Penalty for Apostasy & “unto the church of God which is at Corinth, to them that are sanctified in Christ Jesus, called to be
Christianity saints, with all that in every place call upon the name of Jesus Christ our Lord, both theirs and
- Heaven vs. Jannah: Assessing ours:” 1 Corinthians 1:2
the Dilemma
- Does Muhammad Pass the 1
7. At Whose Name will every knee bow and every tongue acknowledge?
John 4 Prophethood Test?
- Historical and Biblical Basis
for the Trinity JEHOVAH
- Five Reasons Why Jesus is Not
Merely a Prophet “I have sworn by myself, the word is gone out of my mouth in righteousness, and shall not return,
- Answering “Jesus isn’t God That unto me every knee shall bow, every tongue shall swear.” Isaiah 45:23
because God doesn’t change”
JESUS
Catholicism

“that at the name of Jesus every knee should bow, of things in heaven, and things in earth, and things
- Absence of Papal Views Among
the Earliest Christians under the earth; and that every tongue should confess that Jesus Christ is Lord, to the glory of God
- The Assumption of Mary is the Father.” Philippians 2:10-11
Unbiblical and Ahistorical
- Did Roman Catholicism Give “And EVERY CREATURE which is in heaven, and on the earth, and under the earth, and such as are
Protestants the Bible? in the sea, and all that are in them, heard I saying, Blessing, and honour, and glory, and power, be
- Are Roman Catholics Saved? unto him that sitteth upon the throne, AND UNTO THE LAMB for ever and ever. And the four
- Refutation of Papal Infallibility beasts said, Amen. And the four and twenty elders fell down and worshipped him that liveth for ever
- Biblical Evidence Against Peter
and ever.” Revelation 5:13-14
being Pope
- Does Matthew 16 Teach Peter
Even though we could provide a lot more examples showing how the NT ascribes to the Lord Jesus the very
was the Pope?
- Do John 21:15-17 and Luke same characteristics, names, functions and worship which the Holy Bible attributes to Jehovah, this will have
22:31-32 prove Peter was Pope? to suffice for now since we do not want to make the article any longer than it already is.
- Biblical Evidence for Sola
Scriptura All Scriptural citations taken from the Authorized King James Version (AV) of the Holy Bible.
- Refuting Rome's Biblical Case
for Extrabiblical Tradition
Posted by Keith Thompson at 3:39 AM
- The Early Church Fathers
Taught Sola Scriptura
- The Bible does not teach Mary's
Immaculate Conception 2 comments:
- Mary is not the Ark and
Tabernacle Pcc B March 7, 2016 at 11:57 AM
- The Early Church did not
Believe Rome’s Doctrine of the So you agree that Jesus commanded the slaughter of women, children, babies and animals:
Immaculate Conception of Mary
-Mary is not Co-redemptrix, 'Samuel said to Saul, “I am the one the Lord sent to anoint you king over his people Israel; so listen now to the
message from the Lord. 2 This is what the Lord Almighty says: ‘I will punish the Amalekites for what they did
Mediatrix of all Graces, and
Advocate to Israel when they waylaid them as they came up from Egypt. 3 Now go, attack the Amalekites and totally
- Some of Roman Catholicism's destroy all that belongs to them. Do not spare them; put to death men and women, children and infants, cattle
worst Atrocities and and sheep, camels and donkeys.’”
Abominations of History
- Baptismal Regeneration & 1 Samuel 15
Justification are False Reply
- Refuting the Catholic
Priesthood and Penance
- Proof the Roman Catholic Mass Keith Thompson March 7, 2016 at 6:55 PM

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is unbiblical and anti-Christian
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4 captures
- Historical Examination of
Roman Catholic Eucharist
11 Mar 2016 - 15 Aug 2016
Theology
- Biblical and Historical
Refutation of Purgatory
- Refutation of Inclusivism: Non-
Christians can not be saved by
works
- Justification is by Faith Alone:
Issues and Evidence
- “Works” and “Works of the
Law” in Paul: Interacting with
Modern Catholic Reliance on
New Perspectivism
-Peter Dimond’s Not-So-Stunning
Acts 15 Video
-Peter Dimond LIED about
dikaiosune - Plus Debate
Challenge
- Responding to
catholicapologetics.info’s “Some
Tough Questions for Protestants”
- An Articulation of Sola
Scriptura: The Biblical Basis for
the Sufficiency of the Holy
Scriptures
- Questions Regarding the Mass
- Catholic Misuse of Genesis
3:15
- Is The Jewish Apocrypha
Inspired Scripture? Pt. 1
- Is The Jewish Apocrypha
Inspired Scripture? Pt. 2
- Is The Jewish Apocrypha
Inspired Scripture? Pt. 3
- Appendix: Addressing Some
Arguments in Support of the
Apocrypha
This type of “destroy all that they have . . . man and woman, child and infant”
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the Near East and is not to be taken literally. It was simply a way back then of saying there was going to be a
f 🐦
decisive war victory against enemy combatants. 2015 2016 2017 ▾ About this capture
As the scholar Paul Copan observed concerning these devices:
“But ancient Near Eastern accounts readily used “utterly/completely destroy” and other obliteration language
even when the event didn’t literally happen that way. Here’s a sampling:
Egypt’s Tuthmosis III (later fifteenth century) boasted that ‘the numerous army of Mitanni was overthrown
within the hour, annihilated totally, like those (now) not existent.’ In fact, Mitanni’s forced lived on to fight in
the fifteenth and fourteenth centuries BC.
Hittite king Mursilli II (who ruled from 1322-1295 BC) recorded making ‘Mt. Asharpaya empty (of humanity)’
and the ‘mountains of Tarikarimu empty (of humanity).’
The ‘bulletin’ of Ramses II tells of Egypt’s less-than-spectacular victories in Syria (around 1274 BC).
Nevertheless, he announces that he slew ‘the entire force’ of the Hittites’ indeed ‘all the chiefs of all the
countries,’ disregarding the ‘millions of foreigners,’ which he considered ‘chaff.’
In the Merneptah Stele (ca. 1230 BC), Rameses II’s son Merneptah announced, ‘Israel is wasted, his seed is
not,’ another premature declaration.
Moab’s king Mesha (840/830 BC) bragged that the Northern Kingdom of ‘Israel has utterly perished for
always,’ which was over a century premature. The Assyrians devastated Israel in 722 BC.
The Assyrian ruler Sennacherib (701-681 BC) used similar hyperbole: ‘The soldiers of Hirimme, dangerous
enemies, I cut down with the sword, and not one escaped’”(1).
Copan cites as his references on these issues K. Lawson Younger Jr., Ancient Conquest Accounts: A Study in
Ancient Near Eastern and Biblical History Writing, [Sheffield Academic Press, 1990], p. 227-28, 245; K. A.
Kitchen, On the Reliability of the Old Testament, [Eerdmans, 2003], pp. 173-74; and Lori K. Rowlett, Joshua
and the Rhetoric of Violence: A New Historical Analysis, [Continuum, 1996], especially chap. 5.
As we go through these Old Testament war accounts we will discover evidence that the “utterly destroy them”
language was not meant to be taken literally but in a hyperbolic sense in conformity with this Near Eastern
exaggeration rhetoric.
How do we know Saul did not literally annihilate all the Amalekites including women and children? Because
later in 1 Samuel 27:8 we see that there are Amalekites still living. They are also seen again in 1 Samuel 30 in
massive number (four hundred) (vv. 1, 17). Thus, to argue Saul literally wiped out of all Amalekites including
women and children is erroneous since the totality of the book demonstrates a great number of them were not
meant to be killed. Again when those in the Ancient Near East would say they were going to (or did) wipe out
all of the people of a land; it was a hyperbole to communicate desired decisive war victory.

Other Now it must be asked: who were the Amalekites and why was war with them justified? Immediately after Israel
crossed the Red Sea and camped in the wilderness in Rephidim in Exodus 17, these barbaric nomad Amalekites
- Hitler's Darwinian Motive for viciously attacked them there (Exodus 17:1, 8). As Copan notes, “The Amalekites were relentless in their aim to
Mass Murder destroy Israel, and they continued to be a thorn in Israel’s side for generations (e. g., Judg. 3:13; 6:3-5, 33; 7:12;
- An Historical Case for Christ's 10:12; etc).”(7)
Resurrection
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