WHAT DO WE GET FROM EARTH’S CRUST?
PLATE TECTONICS
A. Fuels –materials that can be burned to
provide heat and energy.
Fuels may be classified into two groups,
namely, burning fuels which are those that
must be burned to produce heat and
energy, and nuclear fuels from the nuclei of
atoms that release energy.
1. Burning Fuels
Coal. This fuel comes from the dead bodies
of huge ferns, bushes and trees that lived in
swamps some 30 to 40 million years ago.
Petroleum and Natural Gas. Petroleum was
discovered in Pennsylvania in 1859. It was
thought that petroleum and natural gas
originated from organic matter, both plants
and animals.
2. Fuels from oil wells
Gasoline is one of the most important fuels
taken from crude oil. Other chemicals are
added to it to make it burn better.
Kerosene is still used as fuel in many homes.
It is also used as light.
LPG is a mixture of two gases, namely
propane and butane. They are stored in
metal container.
3. Nuclear Fuels
The nuclei of atoms may be split into two or
more to produce big amounts of energy.
B. Metals – are found in Earth’s crust. When
they are concentrated, they can be
mined and an ore deposit exists.
Some of the things we can do to save our
ore deposits are the following:
- New technology. New techniques are
being developed to make mining less
expensive and for miners to use old
deposits.
- Recycling is the process of reclaiming
used metal scraps that would provide a
supply for new materials.
- Substitution means using new types of
materials that are useful and less
expensive than metals.
- Plate Tectonics refer to the constant
motion of Earth’s crust. This phenomenon
is said to be the builder of Earth because
when plates slide, rub, or bump against
each other, old landforms are destroyed
and new ones are created.
- Plate tectonics occur in the ocean floor
where the crust is thin.
- The ocean floor has underground
mountain ranges called mid-ocean
ridges where hot molten materials rise up
which solidify into new crusts.
- When two plates come together and
one of them slides beneath the other, a
trench is formed.
- The Pacific plate bounded by a ring of
earthquake zones descends under the
Eurasian plate along the North Pacific
and Japanese islands. This active zone of
Pacific earthquakes and volcanoes is
often called the “ring of fire”.
- Tectonic plates move in three different
ways: Divergent plates: they may move
away from each other. Convergent
plates: they can also move toward each
other. Conservative (transform) plate
boundaries: they may slide passed each
other.
- Temperature and gravity are the two
main causes of plate movements.
- Scientists theorize that because Earth will
cool off in about 5 billion years more, the
plates will then stop moving. Earthquakes
and volcanic eruption will also stop.
- When tectonic plates move, continents
are formed. Continents is a large stretch
of land unbroken by the sea.
- There are seven continents: Africa,
Antarctica, Asia, Australia, Europe, North
America and South America.
- It is believed that 300 million years ago,
all the land on Earth formed just one
continent called Pangaea.
- About 180 million years ago, it split into
two continents which were called
Gondwanaland and Laurasia.
Name: ____________________________ Score:____
LC: _______________________ Date: ____________
Worksheet #5
I. Read and analyse each statements
carefully. Write the word/s of the
correct answer in the space
provided.
__________________ 1. One of the most important
fuels taken from crude oil.
__________________ 16. This is where plate
tectonics occur.
__________________ 17. It formed when two
plates come together and one of them slides
beneath the other.
__________________ 18. The movement of the
plate where plates slide passed each other.
__________________ 19. These are the two
__________________ 20. main reasons why

__________________ 2. This is the process of plate move.

reclaiming used metal scraps that would
__________________ 21. These are fuels that
provide a supply for new materials.
__________________ 22. originated from
__________________ 3. Refers to the constant
motion of Earth’s crust. It is said to be the builder organic matter, both plants and animals.
of the Earth.
__________________ 23. These are found in Earth’s
__________________ 4. It is the movement of the crust and when concentrated they can be
tectonic plate where plates move away from mined and an ore deposit exists.
each other.

__________________ 5. This is a major area in the

basin of the Pacific Ocean where many 24- 30. Seven Continents
earthquakes and volcanic eruptions occur. 24. ______________________
__________________ 6. These are materials that 25. ______________________
can be burned to provide heat and energy.
26. ______________________
__________________ 7. It is using new types of
materials that are useful and less expensive 27. ______________________
than metals. 28. ______________________
__________________ 8. It is a mixture of two gases, 29. ______________________
namely propane and butane and is stored in
metal container. 30. ______________________

__________________ 9. The name given to the

supercontinent that existed during the
Paleozoic and Mesozoic eras, before the Fuels Plate Tectonics
process of plate tectonics separated each of Coal Ocean floor
the component continents into their current
configuration. Petroleum Trench

__________________ 10. A movement of the plate Natural Gas Ring of Fire

where they move toward each other. Gasoline Divergent Plate
__________________ 11. This is a fuel comes from Kerosene Convergent Plate
the dead bodies of huge ferns, bushes and trees
that lived in swamps. LPG Transform Plate

__________________ 12. It is formed because of Nuclear Fuels Temperature

the movement of tectonic plates.
Metals Gravity
__________________ 13. These are the two
Recycling Continents
__________________ 14. continents that formed
Substitution Pangaea
about 180 million years ago.
Gondwanaland Laurasia
__________________ 15. These are fuels that is still
used in many homes and can also use as light.