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UNIT 1 1.5 Plural nouns • Ex. 5
1. M o s t n o u n s a d d -s i n the p l u r a l .
1.1 Verb t o be • Ex. 1 stamps keys cameras
Affirmative 2. I f the n o u n ends i n -s, -ss, -sh, o r -ch, a d d -es.
bus —• buses w i s h —• wishes
I am I'm = I am
class —• classes m a t c h —» m a t c h e s
He He's = H e is 3. I f the n o u n ends i n a c o n s o n a n t + -y, the - y changes t o -ies.
She is She's = She is c o u n t r y —» c o u n t r i e s p a r t y —» parties
It f r o m the U.S. It's = I t is B u t i f the n o u n ends i n a v o w e l + -y, the - y doesn't change.
We W e ' r e = W e are k e y —• keys day —• days
You are Y o u ' r e = Y o u are 4. Some n o u n s are i r r e g u l a r . D i c t i o n a r i e s s h o w this.
They T h e y ' r e = T h e y are child children person people
woman women man men
Question
am I 1.6 Numbers 1 - 2 0
he 1 one 6 six 11 eleven 16 sixteen
is she 2 two 7 seven 12 twelve 17 seventeen
Where it from? 3 three 8 eight 13 thirteen 18 eighteen
4 four 9 nine 14 fourteen 19 nineteen
we 5 five 10 ten 15 fifteen 20 twenty
are you
they
1.7 Prepositions
W h e r e are y o u from?
I'm20 I live i n a house i n Fortaleza.
W h a t ' s t h i s i n English?
I ' m 20. NOT I ' m 20 ycars.
I ' m 20 years o l d . I havo 20 yoars
We W e aren't = W e are n o t
You aren't Y o u a r e n ' t = Y o u are n o t
They T h e y aren't = T h e y are n o t UNIT 3
2.2 Possessive 's • Ex. 3 3.1 Present Simple he, she, it • Ex. 1-3
I
3.3 Prepositions
you
do
She lives i n Kenya. we
H e plays t c n n i s i n his free t i m e . When they start?
A nurse l o o k s a f t e r people i n the h o s p i t a l . he
H e lives o n an i s l a n d i n the west o f Scotland. does she
H e gets the m a i l f r o m the b oat. it
H e drives the c h i l d r e n t o s c hool.
Tourists come b y boat. Yes/No q u e s t i o n s Short answers
he Yes, he does.
EXERCISES Does she like Chinese food? N o , she doesn't.
it Yes, i t does.
1 C h a n g e t h e sentences f r o m a f f i r m a t i v e t o n e g a t i v e .
1. M i g u e l comes f r o m M é x i c o . 4.2 Adverbs of frequency • Ex. 3
2. Sandra w o r k s i n a s c h ool. 0% 50% 100%
3. B i l l speaks Japanese.
never sometimes often usually always
4. M y sister has t w o c h i l d r e n .
5. L u c y goes t o Greece every year. 1. These adverbs usually c o m e before the m a i n v e r b .
6. Peter studies art i n college. She n e v e r eats meat.
I s o m e t i m e s play t e n n i s o n Saturdays.
2 M a k e questions. I d o n ' t o f t e n go s w i m m i n g .
I u s u a l l y go t o bed a b o u t 11:00.
1. s t u d y / H a r r y / Portuguese / at s c h o o l / does / ?
W e a l w a y s w a t c h T V i n the evenings.
Grammar Reference
EXERCISES 5.2 How many ...? • Ex. 3
H o w m a n y b o o k s d o y o u have?
1 C o m p l e t e the sentences. Use the a f f i r m a t i v e f o r m o f the verbs i n
the b o x . 5.3 some/any • Ex. 3
play go live work speak Affirmative
1. M y best f r i e n d i n Brazil. There are s o m e f l o w e r s . some + p l u r a l n o u n
2. l o h n and Kate Japanese and Korean. Negative
3. Nádia often r u n n i n g before breakfast. T h e r e aren't a n y cups. any + p l u r a l n o u n
4. I six days a week. Question
5. M y brother the piano. A r e there a n y books? any + p l u r a l n o u n
2 M a k e questions a n d s h o r t answers. Use the Present Simple. 5.4 this, that, these, those • Ex. 4
1. he / like / swimming?
W e use this/these t o t a l k a b o u t people/things that are near t o us.
I like t h i s ice cream.
No, I w a n t these shoes.
2. y o u / have / a computer? W e use that/those t o talk a b o u t people/things that a r e n ' t near t o us.
D o y o u like t h a t p i c t u r e o n the wall?
W h o are t h o s e c h i l d r e n outside?
Yes,
3. they / live / i n Peru?
5.5 Prepositions
H e lives i n the s o u t h o f France.
Yes,
T h e r e is a p h o t o o n the t e l e v i s i o n .
4. she / start / at 9:00?
T h e r e are t w o pictures o n the w a l l .
T h e m o v i e theater is o n the left, across f r o m the newsstand.
No, T h e b a n k is n e x t t o the s u p e r m a r k e t .
5. we / speak / English? T h e bus stop is n e a r the p a r k .
T h e r e is a m a i l b o x i n f r o n t o f the post office.
Yes, T h e r e are magazines u n d e r the table.
2 M a k e sentences. Use t h e v e r b be ( + , - , o r ? ) .
I?
6.1 can/carít • E x . 1-2 was
he/she/it?
Where
Can a n d carít have the same f o r m i n ali persons.
were we/you/they?
There is n o do o r does.
Can is f o l l o w e d by the i n f i n i t i v e ( w i t h o u t to).
I
was born
He/She/It
can
We swim.
could she I was b o r n i n
You was
he B r o o k l y n i n 1980.
They Where born?
were you NOT I a m b o r n i n 1980.
Negative they
6.3 Prepositions
NOT H e doesn't can dance.
I was at a p a r t y .
Yesterday there was a p a r t y at m y house.
C a n I speak t o you?
Question H e sits at his c o m p u t e r f o r h o u r s .
I
you
can
What he/she/it do? EXERCISES
could
we
they
1 C o r r e c t t h e sentences.
4. W h a t I can d o today?
6.2 was/were • Ex. 3
Was/were is the past o f am/is/are.
W r i t e sentences t h a t are t r u e f o r y o u . Use can/can't o r could/
Affirmative couldn't.
I play an i n s t r u m e n t .
was
He/She/It use a c o m p u t e r .
i n Chicago yesterday.
We f l y a plane,
i n B a n g k o k last year.
You were cook.
They r i d e a b i k e w h e n I was six.
s w i m w h e n I was t w o .
Negative
speak t w o languages w h e n I was eight.
I
wasn't I speak m y language w h e n I was f o u r .
He/She/It
at s c h o o l yesterday. 3 R e w r i t e t h e sentences i n t h e past. Use was o r were.
We at the p a r t y last n i g h t .
You weren't 1 I'm in New York.
They 2 T h e y are at a p a r t y . _
3 W h e r e are you?
4 Y o u a r e n ' t at school.
5 She's at h o m e .
6. A r e they i n the restaurant?
7. W h e r e ' s David?
8. W e a r e n ' t at w o r k .
7.1 Past Simple - spelling of regular verbs • Ex. 1 1 C o m p l e t e t h e sentences. Use t h e Past S i m p l e .
1. T h e n o r m a l r u l e is t o a d d -ed. 1. I p l a y i n g f o o t b a l l at 5 P . M . ( s t o p )
worked started She. i n a cafe last s u m m e r . ( w o r k )
I f the v e r b ends i n -e, a d d -d. You John last week. ( n o t see)
lived loved
they t o college? ( g o )
2. I f the v e r b has o n l y one syllable a n d o n e v o w e l a n d one Sarah. i n N e w Y o r k i n 2002. ( l i v e )
c o n s o n a n t , d o u b l e the c o n s o n a n t .
When he ? (arrive)
stopped planned
Peter _ . to travei a r o u n d E u r o p e . (decide)
3. V e r b s t h a t e n d i n a c o n s o n a n t + -y change t o -ied.
8. L u k e _ t w o dogs a n d a cat. (have)
studied carried
9. W h e n _ the m o v i e ? (finish)
Question
W e use did + i n f i n i t i v e ( w i t h o u t to) i n ali persons.
I UNIT 8
When you
did go?
Where he/she/it
we/they
8.1 Past Simple • Ex. 1-3
Negative
Yes/No q u e s t i o n s Short answers
Negatives i n the Past Simple are the same i n ali persons.
you No, I didn't.
I/He/She go out
she like the movie? No, we d i d n ' t . didn't last n i g h t .
Did We/You/They see T o m
they enjoy the party? Yes, she d i d .
etc. No, they d i d n ' t .
ago
T h e r e is list o f i r r e g u l a r verbs o n page 133.
I w e n t t o Brazil ten years/two weeks/a m o n t h ago
7.3 Time expressions • Ex. 4
8.2 Time expressions • Ex. 4
night month morning
last week year yesterday afternoon the t w e n t i e t h century/1924/the 1990s
Saturday evening w i n t e r / s u m m e r / t h e evening/morning/September
UNIT 9 2. m o n e y 6. bread
3. h o m e w o r k 7. f r u i t
9.1 Count and noncount nouns • Ex. 1 4. C D 8. tea
mine.
A f f i r m a t i v e a n d negative
yours.
W h o s e is t h i s book?
I am hers.
W h o s e b o o k is this? It's
his.
He W h o s e is it?
ours.
She is
theirs.
It (not) going outside.
We
You are 10.4 Prepositions
They W e have t h i s sweater i n r e d .
He's t a l k i n g t o M a n d y .
Question There's a g i r l w i t h b l o n d e h a i r .
I ' m l o o k i n g f o r a sweater.
am I
I always p a y b y c r e d i t c a r d .
he
is she
Where it going?
EXERCISES
we
are you C o m p l e t e t h e sentences. Use t h e P r e s e n t C o n t i n u o u s .
they
1. H e m a t h at the u n i v e r s i t y . ( s t u d y )
2. I away t h i s w e e k e n d . ( n o t g o )
Yes/No q u e s t i o n s Short answers
3. they ? (work)
A r e y o u h a v i n g a g o o d time? Yes, w e are.
Is m y English g e t t i n g better? Yes, i t is. 4. She the p a r t y . ( n o t enjoy)
A r e they h a v i n g a party? N o , they aren't. 5. you Sam t o n i g h t ? (see)
W r i t e the -ingform.
Spelling of verb + -ing
1. w r i t e
1. M o s t verbs j u s t a d d -ing. 2. s t o p
wear —* w e a r i n g g o —* g o i n g c o o k —• c o o k i n g
3. wear
2. I f the i n f i n i t i v e ends i n -e, d r o p the -e. 4. go
w r i t e —• w r i t i n g smile —* s m i l i n g
5. dance
3. W h e n a one-syllable v e r b has o n e v o w e l a n d ends i n a
C o m p l e t e t h e sentences. Use t h e P r e s e n t S i m p l e o r
c o n s o n a n t , d o u b l e the c o n s o n a n t .
Continuous.
sit —• s i t t i n g get —* g e t t i n g r u n —• r u n n i n g
1. Juan f r o m San Jose. ( c o m e )
W e ' r e going to San Francisco next week. • It's the worst movie in the world.
Joe and T i m are c o m i n g for lunch tomorrow.
4. • M i a m i is hotter than Atlanta.
• M i a m i is hoter than Atlanta.
11.2 Comparative and superlative adjectives • Ex. 2-3
5. • M u s e u m s are boringer than parks.
Adjective Comparative Superlative • M u s e u m s are more boring than parks.
One-syllable old older the oldest
adjectives safe safer the safest
big bigger* the biggest*
hot hotter* the hottest*
* Adjectives that end in one vowel and one consonant double the
consonant.
Y o u ' r e older than me.
New Y o r k is d i r t i e r than Seoul.
Kyoto is one of the most beautiful cities in Asia.
11.3 Prepositions
I V e been = I have been He's been = H e has been 1. Have you finished the report? (yet)
Y o u V e been = Y o u have been She's been = She has been 2. IVe been to Austrália, (never)
W e ' v e been = W e have been It's been = I t has been 3. Has T o n y lived i n New York? (ever)
T h e y V e been = T h e y have been
4 W r i t e s h o r t answers t h a t are t r u e f o r y o u .
12.3 Prepositions
She w o r k s f o r a b i g c o m p a n y .
Ryan a n d Tara are o n their h o n e y m o o n .
Hamlet is a play by Shakespeare.