K-12 Reviewer

1. How will you describe the relationship between an orchids living in atree?
Answer: The orchids and the tree benefits from the tree without harming the tree
2. How do animals adapt to its environment for protection?
Answer: Through camouflage or mimicry
3. How many days for a monarch butterfly until it has eaten 30 milkweed leaves if it has an egg for a period of 3-6 days?
Answer: 10
4. Plants with waxy leaves help to protect themselves from _______________ as a result of too much exposure to the
sunlight.
Answer: dehydration
5. How do kidneys remove urea from the blood?
Answer: Through tiny filtering units called nephrons
6. One example of commensalism is when the plants like fern is attached on a branch of a tree. Why is the interaction
called commensalism?
Answer: A fern benefits from the realtionship while a branch of a tree is neither harmed nor benefitted
7. Kidney stones also known as _________________ is composed of calcium and waste products containing nitrogen.
Answer: Renal Calculi
8. ________________ is a hollow muscular organ loacated between the lungs and it is protected by rib cage.
Answer: Heart
9. _________________ is a biological process by which an animal physically develops after birth or hatching. It is part of
the life cycle of the most insects.
Answer: Metamorphosis.
10. _________________ is an ailment characterized by the blood’s inability to produce enough hemoglobin, the oxygen-
carrying pigment of the RBC.
Answer: Anemia
11. An ________________ is the structure or behavior that helps an organism survive in its environment.
Answer: Adaptation
12. Kidneys are one of the vital organs of our body. How can you describe the kidneys?
Answer: The kidneys are bean-shaped paired organs which are about 2-3 inches long and they remove urea
from the blood through tiny filtering units called nephrons
13. _____________ protects the major organs of the body.
Answer: Bones
14. Larvae shed their exoskeleton a few times before they pupate. These stages of growth in larvae are also
called___________. Answer: Instars
15. ______________ is a condition of an inflamed intestine most frequently occuring in the ileum of the small intestine.
Answer: Crohns Disease
16. _____________ is the presence of blood in the urine by infection.
Answer: Hematuria
17. ______________ is one thing that can seriously interfere with the proper functioning of our body.
Answer: Pollution
18. There are six elements that keep the ecosystem going. These are the sun, producers, abiotic substances, primary
consumers, secondary consumers and _______________
Answer: Decomposers
19. Undigested food particles like seeds, tough fruit pulp, and not properly chewed meat are passed on to the _______
to be eliminated from the body during defecation.
Answer: Large Intestine
20. ______________ is to force air out of your stomach through your mouth.
Answer: Burp
21. ___________ is also known as cryptic coloration, a defense or tactic that organisms use to disguise their appearance,
usually to blend in with their surroundings. Organisms use this to mask their location, identfy, and movement. This
allows prey to avoid predators, and for predators to sneak up on prey.
Answer: Camouflage
22. What safety precaution do you need to observe in decaying waste materials?
Answer: Use gloves or adequate equipment in handling materials to prevent puncture by sharp objects.
23. Sam heated a chocolate bar to make a chocolate syrup. Which of the following describes what changes happens in
the property of the chocolate bar when it is heated?
Answer: The chocolate bar changed its size and shape
24. Lino tests the amount of water on plant growth. He filled the ten pots with equal amount of soil. He placed 3 radish
seeds in each pot that they would receive the same amount of sunlight and exposed to the same temperature. He has
given each of the pots different amounts of water. Which is the independent variable?
Answer: amount of water poured in each pot
25. Which gives shape and forms our body and protect delicate organs?
Answer: Muscles
26. What do you call the spongy material inside the stem of a monocot plant which contains tiny bundles of tubes which
carry water and minerals from the roots to the leaves?
Answer: Pith
27. What do you call the little rounded bodies found inside the flower’s ovary?
Answer: Ovules
28. There are interactions where both species benefit from the relationship and there are also interactions where one
species benefit but the other is neither affected nor harmed. What do you call this kind of interaction where one
organism can benefit from a relationship and the other is not harmed?
Answer: Mutualism
29. The outer part of a bone which is hard is made up of calcium. Aside from calcium which gives the bones its hardness
and strength?
Answer: Phosphorus
30. Why do seaweeds not considered as aquatic plants?
Answer: Because seaweeds are not vascular plants but multicellular marine algae, and therefore not typically
included in the category of aquatic plants
31. What happens to sugar when mixed with iodized salt?
Answer: White sugar cannot be distinguished with the iodized salt when mixed
32. Why do large boats or ship float in water?
Answer: because the upward push of the water is greater than their weights
33. Why does stomach rumbles when you’re hungry?
Answer: Because it contains less liquid but much gas
34. Why do the stomata of aquatic plants open most of the time?
Answer: Water is abundant and therefore there is no need for it to be retained in the plant
35. Why is a snake covered with dry scale?
Answer: It allows fast evaporation
36. How are butterflies and birds beneficial to us?
Answer: they help pollinate flowers, spread seeds in their flight and make the environment beautiful.
37. How do activities in the large intestine maintain homeostasis?
Answer: it returned large amount of water to the body
38. Barnacles cling to the body of a whale. This attachment helps the barnacle to move with the whale to get its food.
How would you describe the relationship?
Answer: One organism benefits while the other is not benefited or harmed.
39. How does the heart and lungs work together?
Answer: support each other to allow distribution of nutrients and oxygen.
40. Which ailment is caused by a complication of a throat infection?
Answer: Rheumatic Fever.
41. Why do some materials absorb water?
Answer: Because some materials have tiny holes that let the water in.
42. Why is pineapple considered as multiple fruit?
Answer: because the fruits develop from single ovaries of each flower in a cluster.
43. How will you describe the type of interaction between aphids and a rose plant?
Answer: Aphids benefit from the interaction while the rose plant is badly affected.
44. Why can you turn your head without turning your body?
Answer: A pivot joint connects the skull to the neck.
45. Why does the word “cardiac” refers to the heart?
Answer: Because the heart’s contractions cannot be controlled by our will.
Because the heart continues to pump blood even when we are sleeping.
46. Waste materials are utilized into factory returnable, fertilizer, feeds, fermentable, fuel, fine crafts and filling
materials. What kind of disposing material technique is this?
Answer: Total Recycling Scheme
47. Why does your heart beat rate rise so quickly during exercise?
Answer: Your heart beat rate speeds up to pump extra food and oxygen to the different parts of the body.
48. How many stages of the development are present in an incomplete metamorphosis?
Answer: Three.
49. It is a change in a plant or animal that makes it better able to live in a particular place or situation.
Answer: Adaptation
50. It is an inflammation of white fibrous tissue such as tendons, ligaments, joint capsules and fibrous networks
underlying the skin.
Answer: Fibrositis
51. It is an injury to a ligament caused by excessive stretching.
Answer: Sprain
52. It protects the major organs of the body.
Answer: Rib Cage
53. A non-toxic viceroy butterfly has developed colors and wing patterns that are very similar to a toxic monarch
butterfly, which the birds won’t take a chance to taste it. What kind if adaptation is done by the viceroy butterfly?
Answer: Mimicry
54. It is the presence of blood in the urine caused by infection.
Answer: Hematuria
55. How does the cerebellum function?
Answer: It coordinates muscles and bones so the body can move about and perform muscular functions.
56. What is the most useful joint in the human body where it places your thumb opposite of the other fingers and where
the base of the thumb is connected to the hand?
Answer: Saddle Joint
57. The ureters are tubes that carry urine from the kidneys to the urinary bladder. The ends of the ureters are sealed at
the point of entry to the bladder by the ___________.
Answer: Ureterovesical Valves
58. These are decaying materials compressed under water and thick layers of soil over millions of years.
Answer: Fossil
59. Which of the following describes what happens to the white sugar when mixed with iodized salt?
Answer: White sugar cannot be distinguished with the iodized salt when mixed.
60. A bone condition that make a person’s bone very weak and causing deformation.
Answer: Rickets
61. It is capable of being slowly destroyed and broken down into very small parts by natural processes.
Answer: Biodegradable
62. Which of the following statements is not true about the importance of interaction in the ecosystem?
Answer: Because of interaction, it allows the living organisms to protect each other and this can be shown by
parasitism.
63. There are living things that feed on dead bodies of plants and animals. In doing so, they return the substances back
to the environment. They are called
Answer: Detritivores
64. How do some animals like snakes protect themselves from enemies?
Answer: They secrete chemicals.
65. How animals protect themselves against their enemies through protective coloration?
Answer: Through camouflage
66. If plants are placed in a dark room for a long time, they cannot stay alive. Why?
Answer: because they cannot make their own food without the help of sunlight.
67. Some ants live in acacia leaves. How do these living things relate with one another?
Answer: The ants benefit from the nectar of the acacia flowers. The ants in return protect the tree by
attacking animals that attempt to eat the acacia leaves.
68. How are frogs, snakes, and grasshoppers protected from their prey?
Answer: They blend color with their environment
69. How do you describe solids mixed with other solids?
Answer: They keep their own characteristics
70. How will you describe Poliomyelitis?
Answer: It is an inflammation causing destruction of nerve cells that affects the muscle movement.
71. The main function of the heart is to pump blood to the lungs and to body cells. How does deoxygenated blood
receives oxygen from the lungs?
Answer: Deoxygenated blood from the body enters the right atrium, flows from the right ventricle and goes to
the lungs.
72. How does the linings of the small intestine work?
Answer: It functions as filter, it absorbs water and nutrients.
73. It is a part of the seed that provides young plant or seed the food it needs for growth.
Answer: Cotyledon
74. Aquatic plants are plants that have adapted to living within aquatic environments. They are also referred to as
Answer: Hydrophytes
75. How does an octopus escape its predators?
Answer: It uses its ink spray cloud to distracted predators while he escapes.
76. Sam heated a chocolate bar to make a chocolate syrup. Which of the following describes what changes happened in
the property of the chocolate bar when it is heated?
Answer: The chocolate bar changed its taste and odor
77. Small fishes live among the tentacles of the sea anemone gaining protection and eating scraps for their food. What
type relationship do they have?
Answer: Commensalism
78. In the germination process, what activates the enzymes or chemicals that supplies energy for the growing embryo?
Answer: water
79. There are different people who work with plants. What do you call those who have knowledge of the varieties of
plants used in ornamental gardening and landscaping?
Answer: Horticulturists
80. It is characterized by an inflammation of some parts of the kidneys, reducing its ability to filter blood.
Answer: Nephritis
81. One example of commensalism is when the plant like fern is attached on a branch of a tree. Why is the interaction
called commensalism
Answer: a fern benefits from the relationship while a branch of a tree is neither harmed nor benefitted.

BEC CURRICULUM

77. It is the hardest part of the tooth.

Answer: Enamel
78. The calcium used by the body for something else other than bones is called osteoporosis. What is the other name for
this ailment which is common to older person?
Answer: Calcium Cannibalism
79. Tissues that are joined together are called
Answer: Organs
80. All living things grow old and die. Dying is a natural process, and it can also happen to a body of water such as lake.
The dying of a lake is called _______.
Answer: Eutrophication
81. A potato Is a big root of a potato plant. This enlarge root is called _________.
Answer: Tuber
82. It connects the muscles of your calf to your heel bone.
Answer: Achilles tendon
83. Above the hilium of a seed is a very tiny hole called _________ where an embryo will come out when seed
germinates.
Answer: Microphyle
84. Which of the following mixtures can be separated by fractional distillation?
Answer: Water and Alcohol
85. What keeps the end of the bones moist?
Answer: Cartilage
86. It is a liquefied gas that comes from petroleum and natural gas.
Answer: Butane
87. Which of the following acts as cushion and prevents injury to spinal cord?
Answer: Cartilage
88. What part of the trunk tells the age of a tree?
Answer: Annual rings
89. It prevents the vertebrae from hitting each other when a person moves.
Answer: Cartilage
90. It is the largest and longest bone in the skeletal system.
Answer: Femur
91. Specifically, how do your arm muscles work when you bend your arm at the elbow?
Answer: The biceps contract and the triceps relax.
92. How does a pair of muscle work?
Answer: Contracting and Relaxing
93. What reproductive cell do male parent animals produce?
Answer: Sperm Cells
94. Results from the cellular reproduction of the zygote.
Answer: Embryo
95. Why do carbonated softdrinks bubble when opened?
Answer: Bottle softdrinks are pressurized in order to dissolve carbon dioxide, when pressure released the
solubility of the gas decreased.
96. How many of all kinds of plants on Earth produce seeds?
Answer: More than ½ of all kinds.
97. How do you describe a relax muscle?
Answer: It is thin and long
98. What do you call an injury in a joint?
Answer: Sprain
99. It refers to the dropping of weathering and eroded materials, creating new landforms and changing landscapes.
Answer: Deposition
100. It is a spongy material inside a stem of a monocot plant, which contains tiny bundles of tubes which carry water and
minerals from the roots to the leaves.
Answer: Pith
101. It is where the large and small intestine join?
Answer: Cecum
102. The Law of Entropy means that the energy for doing work decreased after every transformation. Does this mean
that energy can be destroyed?
Answer: No. It cannot be created nor destroyed. It can only be changes from one form to another.
103. An egg case of a cockroach contains between how many eggs?
Answer: 15-60
104. It is a bony enlargement of the inflamed joint at the base of the big toe which bends inward.
Answer: Bunion
105. Micropropagation or tissue culture involves the use of very small pieces of plant tissue grown in sterile nutrient
media under aseptic conditions in small glass containers. These small pieces of plant tissue are called ________.
Answer: Explants
106. How would you describe Beaufort No. 6 (Strong breeze) which has a wind speed of 39-49 km/hr?
Answer: Large branches move, telegraph wires whistle, umbrella difficult to control.
107. How does the Earth get its shape?
Answer: because of the earth’s very fast rotation on its axis
108. What do we call the bubbling effect of soft drinks when the crown are popped open?
Answer: effervescence
109. In order to protect and preserve materials outdoor, paint or varnish them. The steel and iron fences are first pain
with red-orange paint then black paint. An element sticks to the iron surface and protects it from oxygen and air, rusting
will be prevented. What is this element?
Answer: Zinc Oxide
110. Water solidifies at 0 celsius. Why?
Answer: The water molecules do not have enough kinetic energy to move and flow freely.
111. Plant egg cells or female cells are formed within the ovules. Why are ovules called rudimentary seeds?
Answer: because they are the ones that finally develop into seeds
112. What is the most versatile pinch, the one used most often for picking and holding objects?
Answer: Palmar Prehension
113. Why do children’s bones have more red marrow than adults?
Answer: Because as a person ages, yellow marrow which are mostly fat cells fill the bone
114. These are glaciers that form at high elevations in mountainous regions.
Answer: Alpine Glaciers
115. How does heat travel in liquids and gases when heated part move faster and faster away from each other?
Answer: By convection
116. Solid occupy more space and expand, and this condition happens when an object is __________.
Answer: heated
117. It is the largest muscle in body?
Answer: Gluteus Maximus Muscle
118. All soaps and detergents are made of a basic cleaning material called _______ that pull the dirt out, holds the dirt in
the wash water until it is rinsed away.
Answer: Surfactant
119. It is a short duct that joins the gallbladder to the common bile duct. It usually lies next to the cystic artery.
Answer: Cystic duct
120. You fell warm when you stand near a lighted stove. How does the heat transfer from the stove to you?
Answer: by radiation
121. A new born baby normally has 33 vertebrae. In the adult the number is reduced to 26. Why?
Answer: nine bottom vertebrae fuse into two.
122. It is the method of accelerating the growth of plants in an oxygen-rich environment, without soil, where the plant’s
root zone is suspended in a growing chamber and intermittently pulse-misted with a nutrient solution.
Answer: Airponic
123. Why do astronauts suffer from bone loss and muscle atrophy?
Answer: Lessened gravity decreases the work load of their muscles and bone.
124. What is the main cause of tides?
Answer: Moon’s gravity
125. Ordinary glass can be made resistant to sudden heating or cooling by adding __________?
Answer: Magnesium Carbonate
126. What is a solar year equal to?
Answer: 365 days, 5 hours, 48 minutes, and 46 seconds.
127. Which of the following ailment of the digestive system especially in babies that lack digestive enzyme that
breakdown what protein and this can cause allergy of the small intestine?
Answer: Celiac disease or Sprue
128. The relatively cooler areas on the surface of the Earth.
Answer: Sunspots
129. How does plasma occur?
Answer: By ionizing it
130. Why does we see lightning first before we can hear a thunder?
Answer: Because when negative and postivie charges unite, they become neutral.
131. Why do we need enzymes for digestion?
Answer: Becayse digestive enzyme is crucial in breaking down different types of food and improve absorption
of nutrients.
132. How are ocean waves produced?
Answer: By the wind blowing over the ocean surface
133. Why are we not crushed by atmospheric pressure?
Answer: Because our body has an equal amount of fluid pressure
134. Why is the distance between Earth and the Sun always changing?
Answer: Earth travels around the sun in an elliptical orbit
135. How does total lunar eclipse differ from partial lunar eclipse?
Answer: Total lunar eclipse occurs when the moon is in the umbra and partial lunar eclipse when it is in the
penumbra.
136. What is the queen of parasites?
Answer: Rafflesia
137. The solar system originated from gas and dust. Gas and dust formed a cloud. After billions of years, this cloud
started to contract. What caused the cloud of gas and dust to contract?
Answer: due to gravity
138. This is made up of clouds formed thinly than fog, this is found over the lakes and slow flowing rivers in the early
morning or late night and disappears at sunrise.
Answer: Mist
139. The hipbone is also called as ________ that forms a basin-like structure called pelvis.
Answer: Innominate bone
140. These are natural fountains that throw up jets of hot water and stream at regular intervals through a vent in the
surface.
Answer: Geysers
141. Animals that are born alive are called ___________.
Answer: Viviparous
142. Plants usually live in damp swampy areas where the soil is poor, these plants do not chew their food instead special
chemical enzymes dissloves or break down the insects body.
Answer: Insectivorous
143. The methoddd used to produce rain is called cloud seeding. Artificial ice crystals are fired by rockect into the
clouds. What do you call these ice crystals?
Answer: Silver Iodide
144. Another importance of forests is in preventing the erosion of land by water. The roots of the trees grows in
mountain sides and the slopes hold the soil together into a porous mass which readily absorbs the water. Without this
_______, water usually rushes down the slopes carrying away valuable top soil, blocking streams, and causing floods.
Answer: Sponge Effect
145. What do you call the scientist who specializes on the study of weather?
Answer: Meteorologist
146. When we are sick we take medicine. Medicines are prescribed by doctors to treat certain disease or illness, drugs
may have been made from chemicals in plants or chemicals from laboratory, the chemicals that pass the first drug tests
are carefully tested on healthy humans to find out if there are side effects. The instrument used for tracing the drug is
called,
Answer: Geiger Counter
147. Why can baby caterpillars live without their mother?
Answer: They can eat leaves of plants.
148. A rare disease of the muscle characterized by too much fatigue and extreme weakness is called __________.
Answer: Myasthenia gravis
149. It is created during the day. At this time, air over the land is heated more than the water. This heated air becomes
less dense and is forced upward by cooler dense air.
Answer: Sea Breeze
150. These are formed as water droplets hit ice pellets in a clouds and freeze.
Answer: Hailstones
151. What nerve can make the heart go slower?
Answer: Vagus Nerve
152. Teplon is a material used for non- stick pans ideal for cooking healthy foods which is also called as ___________.
Answer: Polytetraflouroethylene
153. The first indication that the seed germination process has begun generally is the ____________.
 Answer: Swelling of the radicle.
154. Petals and speals are considered accessory parts of a flower. Together, the petals and sepals are called __________.
Answer: Perianth
155. When a muscle works very hard, it makes some of the energy it needs by breaking down stored food without using
oxygen. This cause s a waste substance called _________ to build up inside the muscles.
Answer: Lactic Acid
156. Snacks should only be eaten occasionally because they contain high level of fats, salts and sugar. They also contain
chemicals to help stop food from going bad before you can eat it.
Answer: Additives
157. The closest distance between the Earth and the Sun is called ________.
Answer: Periphelion
158. Organic gardening is becoming popular these days which encourages the use of organic fertilizers so the Bureau of
Plant Industry has produced _______ an agent that hastems composting for organic fertilizers.
Answer: Trichoderma
159. How does heat from the sun be used to produce electricity?
Answer: Heat from the sun is stored through the use of solar collectors, these collectors absorb heat and
changes liquid water to steam then the steam runs a turbine which in turn produces electricity.
160. Skin remains of a dragonfly stuck on the leaf as it becomes an adult dragonfly.
Answer: Exuvia
161. Tiny red rashes that are one of the symptoms of dengue fever.
Answer: Petechiae
162. It is the process of soil formation.
Answer: Pedogenesia
163. It is the study of the formation of clouds.
Answer: Nephology
164. What is the distance of the moon from the earth at its nearest point or perigee?
Answer: 356,333 km
165. How does chemical digestion take place?
Answer: When large molecules are broken down and absorbed by cells.
166. How does the heat of the sun reach the Earth?
Answer: By radiation
167. It tells the necessary information and nutrition facts of the food.
Answer: Food Labels
168. What do you call those larger eruptions into the sun’s atmosphere that stretch thousand of kilometers and last for
a minute?
Answer: Prominences
169. Sugar cane can be propagated through___________
Answer: Slip
170. Bones are alive. They are growing, living tissues and they are constantly renewed through our lives. What do you
call this process of bone renewal?
Answer: Resorption
171. Convection current affects the earth at daytime. What do we call the wind brought about by it from sea to land?
Answer: breeze
172. Why do we experience alternating days and nights?
Answer: earth rotates on its axis
173. How does chemical digestion take place?
Answer: when large molecules are broken down and absorbed by cells
174. It tells the necessary information and nutrition facts of the food.
Answer: food labels
175. How are involuntary muscles different from voluntary muscles?
Answer: Involuntary muscles react quickly and tire slowly
176. What connects 2 cardiac muscle cells?
Answer: Intercalated disc
177. How does the heat of the sun reach the earth?
Answer: by radiation
178. Some insects like grasshopper and the cockroach undergo an incomplete metamorphosis in which the insect
changes from an egg to a nymph to an adult. What is a nymph?
Answer: It is a young adult that has small wings but is not yet able to reproduce
179. Liquid X is added to liquid Y and only one layer of a mixture is formed. The liquids are said to be miscible and the
resulting mixture is called a solution. Which is the solute and which is the solvent?
Answer: The liquid that is greater in amount is the solvent
180. Muddy water is left undisturbed for a few hours to allow the mud to settle at the bottom. This method of
separating the components of a mixture is called __________________
Answer: Decantation
181. What mixture can be separated by fractional distillation?
Answer: water and alcohol
182. The muscles in the walls of most organs and blood vessels are non-striated or smooth muscles. Which of the
following statements is true about smooth muscles?
Answer: Smooth muscles are involuntary muscles
183. Lacteal is the central portion of a villus. It is a lymphatic vessel that picks up most of the _________
Answer: fatty acids and glycerine
184. Rennin is the digestive juice that curdles milk particularly in infants. What juice does the same job in adults?
Answer: hydrochloric acid
185. What do you call the science of growing plants without soil?
Answer: hydroponics
186. When oil is added to water, a mixture of two layers is formed because the liquids are immiscible. But if soap is
added to the mixture and shaken thoroughly, the liquids become miscible and a white mixture is formed. Soap acts as
a/an ______________
Answer: Emulsifying agent
187. These are larvae that grow into adult beetles.
Answer: mealworms
188. Aside from evaporation, what is another way to separate salt from water and to collect freshwater from seawater?
Answer: Desalination
189. How does a larva of the mosquito breathe on the surface of the water?
Answer: through the anus by way of siphon
190. Why do children’s bones have more red marrow than adults?
Answer: Because as a person ages, yellow marrow which are mostly fat cells fill the bone
191. It is an ankle movement that turns the sole of the foot medially.
Answer: inversion
192. Rubbing alcohol is another poisonous solvent often used as a disinfectant, Chemists called it 2-propanol or
sometimes _________
Answer: Isopropanol
193. How do muscles use thermal energy?
Answer: when muscle contraction keep our body temperature constant.
194. What is the other term for a dislocation or a displacement of a bone from a joint with tearing ligaments, tendons
and articulary capsules?
Answer: Luxation

TERMS
1. Tourniquet- a tight twisted cloth wrapped around a limb to control bleeding
2. Diathermy- a method of treating sick muscles by creating heat energy in tissues beneath the skin.
3. Pinocytosis- process in which large peptide fragments are ingested by the absorbing cell of the gut in the small
intestine
4. Celiac Disease or Sprue- a disease by the undigested gluten and can also cause severe allergy of the small intestine.
5. Amoebic dysentery- is also called Entamoeba Histolytica
6. Typhoid Fever- is caused by a microorganism called Salmonella Typhi
7. Endoscopy- a technology that entails close investigation of the esophagus stomach and duodenum.
8. The involuntary twitching movement made by a muscle that is usually under voluntary control such as in the face and
eyelid is called TIC.
9. Dialysis- a process of absorption that takes place in the small intestine
10. Talin- the sweetest substance found on every seeds of katemfe discovered in West Africa which is 6, 150 times as
sweet as one percent sucrose solution
11. Dichloro-Diphenyl-Trichloro-Ethane- pesticide that kills mosquitoes, however it builds up in the bodies of birds, fish
and other wildlife and kill them
12. When iron and oxygen are combined, they form a chemical compound called IRON OXIDE.
13. Skeleton- the framework that holds the body together. It is made up of 206 bones.
14. A baby has 300 bones, but 94 bones joined together in early childhood.
15. Endoskeleton- internal skeleton system of vertebrates
16. Axial Skeleton- it is made of the bones of the skull, ribs, and the vertebrae
17. Vertebrae- it makes up the backbone and holds the body upright. Protects the spinal cord
18. Appendicular Skeleton- it includes all the bones attached to the axial skeleton such as the bones of the arms and
legs, collarbones, hipbones and shoulder bones.
19. Femur, Fibula, and Tibia- make up the legs
20. Humerus, radius and Ulna- make up the arms
21. Skull- protects the brain
22. Rib Cage- protects the heart and lungs
23. Pelvic Bones- guard the kidneys and other organs of the abdomen
24. Long Bones- are designed for leverage such as the arms and legs. They are strong, light and hollow
25. Short Bones- wrist, finger, ankle, and toe bones
26. Irregular Bones- vertebrae
27. Sesamoid-designed for flexibility such as the knee cap
28. Protein- mineral that gives bones flexibility
29. Calcium and Phosphorus- gives bones its hardness and strength
30. Compact Bone- smooth and dense, it helps bones withstand bumps and bangs
31. Haversian Canals- it runs through the entire length of the bone. They contain nerves and blood vessels.
32. Periosteum- tough white membrane made up of connective tissue and bone-forming cells
33. Spongy Bone- lighter and softer that the compct bone, it has a lot of open and spaces and holes in it
34. Yellow Marrow- where fat is stored
35. Cartilage- a strong flexible tissue that is also a part of the skeletal system and gives shape to some parts of the body
such as the tips of the nose and ears. It covers the ends of some bones in a joint, keeps them from grinding against each
other.
36. Ossification- process of bone formation
37. Joint- an area where one bone meets another bone.
38. Ligaments- stretch across the joints to help stabilized the joints and withstand stress.
39. Hinge Joint- elbow and knees, moves in only one direction
40. Ball and socket Joint- Shoulders and hips, can turn or rotate slightly one part upon the other. A combination of a
convex end of a long bone and a concave socket
41. Gliding joint- wrist and vertebrae, allows movement in all directions within the limits of the muscles
42. Angular and Pivotal joint- neck, allows some limited bending and twisting in all directions
43. Immovable Joint- flat bones of the skull, does not allow any movement
44. Muscular System- the force behind the sleletal system
45. There are more than 600 skeletal muscles
46. Tendons- tough fibrous bands of tissues attached to the bones
47. Muscle fibers- long thin cells that make up the muscles
48. A muscle can produce motion when it shortens or contracts.
49. Muscles work in pairs
50. Flexor- muscle that bends a joint
51. Extensor- muscle that straightens a joint
52. Voluntary muscle- muscles that you can consciously control, it is a smooth muscle
53. Cardiac Muscle- muscle of the heart
54. Consciously losing and opening of the eye is dictated by the brain
55. The normal and regular blinking of the eye is a form of reflex dictated by the spinal cord.
56. Reflex and Instincts- are our body’s best means of self-protection
57. Neuromuscular Acuity- a condition of the body by which there is a coordination between the bones and muscles and
muscles and nerves
58. Excitability- occurs when a person becomes sensitive and feels excited to certain stimulus
59. Intrepedity- a condition of being unshaken by danger or anxiety
60. First Aid- temporary treatment given in case of accident or sudden illness before the doctor arrives.
61. Fracture- it involves a break in the continuous line of the bone or cartilage
62. Dislocation- occurs when the bones at a joint are pulled out of place
63. Sprain- occurs when the muscles at a joint are stretched too much
64. Cramps- a sudden involuntary contraction of a muscle or a group of muscle
65. Rickets- is caused by lack of Vitamin D deficiency and lack of exposure to sunlight.
66. Arthritis- due to the gradual erosion of the cartilage between bones causing bodily pain and discomfort and usually
common among elderly
67. Scoliosis- an abnormal curvature of the spine
68. Osteoporosis- also called calcium cannibalism because the calcium is used by the body for something else other
than the bones
69. Digestive System- it has the job of breaking down the food into soluble form to be absorbed by the body.
70. Alimentary Canal- a chain of organs through which the food passes
71. Alimentary Canal- a chain of organs through which the food passes
72. Auxiliary Organs- secrete or store the digestive juices which bring about chemical changes in the nutrients
73. Pylorus- a ring of muscle fibers that connects the stomach to the duodenum
74. Duodenum- the first 25 cm of the small intestine
75. Appendix- a small pouch between the small and the large intestine
76. Mechanical Digestion- is the process by the food when it is down to tiny broken down to tiny pieces by the help of
the teeth
77. Chemical Digestion- the process by which food is mixed with the saliva which contains water, mucus, and an enzyme
78. Permanent teeth- 32 pieces, 16 in the lower jaw and 16 in the upper jaw
79. Incisor- shaped like a chisel because it is used for cutting
80. Canine- long and pointed, used for tearing flesh
81. Premolar/Molar- broad and flattened, they are used for grinding
82. Pulp Cavity- the soft area in the center of the tooth containing nerves and blood vessels
83. Dentine- makes up the major portion of the tooth
84. Enamel- the hardest part and it covers the crown
85. Crown- the visible portion of the tooth
86. Cement- covers the root and holds it firmly in the jawbone
87. Ptyalin- also known as amylase, use in the digestion of starch
88. Secretin- a hormone secreted by the linings of the small intestine which enters the bloodstream and stimulates the
liver and pancreas to secrete digestive juices
89. Liver- secretes bile