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MEMBERS
FERNANDO ARBELAEZ
COD: 79317435
Angelica Bravo
CC 52663895
TUTOR
DORIA LIZETH QUINTERO
FERNANDO ARBELAREZ
PROBLEM 3
3. A laser that is inside a tank of water, shoots a ray of light upwards. If the laser
is located h1 = 12cm under water. At what minimum horizontal distance d1
should the laser pointer shoot so that the beam does not come out of the water?
With this angle you get the trigonometric relationship between depth and
distance
Development of the questions
The reflection of the light is the change of direction of a ray or a wave in which
a ray reaches the separation surface of two homogeneous media, that is to say
the incident ray, is divided into another two, some of which returns to the first
medium (Ray reflected) while the other propagates through the second medium
(Refracted ray). Common examples of the reflection of light is the sound and
the waves in the water.
Even though it is easy to perceive how optical fiber is changing the world
around us, it may surprise us to know that this ability to transmit information
depends mainly on a single physical phenomenon: total internal reflection. Total
internal reflection is the result of the internal passage of light through a medium
to meet a second medium of lower optical density. An optical fiber consists of
two such means.
2. Explain Snell's law, the critical angle and the practical applications
where it could be used.
Huygens principle. Reflection and Refraction Snell's
Law
In a Cartesian coordinate axis where we distinguish two variables (x and y), the
"X" axis always receives the name of the abscissa axis while the "Y" will be
known as normal this time
Let's suppose the following situation; a wave hits a surface that separates two
different media (n1 and n2) with a certain angle, this is called angle of
incidence, the first medium can be air and the second, water, for example.
When this occurs, two phenomena occur simultaneously; one of refraction and
one of reflection.
From reflection we only have to point out that when a wave hits a surface it is
reflected at an angle equal to that of incidence on the other side of the normal.
The refractive index is nothing more than the relationship between the speed of
light in vacuum and the speed in another medium, therefore:
Alternators are devices that generate alternating electric currents, hence their
name. They consist of two essential elements: the rotor, which causes the
rotation of the assembly, and the stator, which surrounds the previous one and
is in charge of rotating around its axis. These alternators generate an
alternating current with the purpose of being used for motors, generating at the
same time, mechanical energy starting from the electrical energy; with only the
connection of the brushes of an alternator with another generator. This induces
a reorientation and an indefinite rotation of the turn of the second alternator
while a current is supplied.
• Bifocal lenses
Bifocal lenses are lenses that combine more than one prescription on the
same lens. These glasses are necessary to correct the sight of a person to
whom a single graduation does not allow him to see correctly at all
distances. They are lenses to see correctly at different distances.
These lenses have a differentiated cut in the middle of the glass that marks
the two different graduations. The upper part of the lens serves to look
"from far" and the lower part serves to see "up close".
Contact lenses
• Converging lenses
• Divergent lenses
• Cylindrical lenses
EYE DISEASES
• Waterfalls
Symptoms of a cataract:
-The sunlight or light bulbs look brighter and this cause glare.
• Colour blindness
It is a genetic defect that consists in the impossibility of
distinguishing the colors (dyschromatopsia). Although the
confusion of colors between a colorblind and another can
be totally different, even in members belonging to the
same family, it is very common to confuse green and red;
however, they can see more nuances of violet than people
with normal vision and are able to distinguish objects
camouflaged
• Hypermetropia
• Presbyopia
• Astigmatism
• Myopia
In a vacuum, the light propagates at a speed of C = 3.0 × 108 while in any other
medium, it propagates more slowly. The relationship between "C" and the speed
of light in any other medium is called the refractive index of that material,
represented as "n".
The refractive index is governed by Snell's law, by which, this property
corresponds to the division between the sinuses of the angles of incidence (the
angle between the ray in the first medium and the perpendicular in the dividing
surface) and of refraction (angle corresponding to the second medium) n = sin
(Ø1) / sin (Ø2).
According to the definition the refraction of the light happens when it passes
from a transparent medium with a certain refractive index to another, also
transparent, with a different one, I consider that a bean contains an internal
composition that is not very transparent and could not be refracted to another
bean.
There could be reflection and lightning jump from one bean to another.
According to the definition when a beam of light impinges with the Brewster
angle, the component of the polarization parallel to the plane of incidence is
annulled in the reflected beam. For this reason, the beam that we see reflected
has a linear polarization, just in the direction perpendicular to the plane of
incidence, regardless of the type of polarization of the incident beam.
Collaborative work
Design an Excel workbook that uses Snell's law and provide an incident angle
for four different precious materials; Return the refraction angle and let us know
if it is genuine.
https://www.foro3d.com/attachments/104931d1243286288-valores-del-indice-
de-refraccion-refraccion.jpg?s=cb7b31834ac0acb030b6587b7dec98bb
TABLA DE INDICES
DE REFRACCION
AIRE(n1) 1 PASOS PARA OBTENER EL ANGULO DE REFRACCION
ESMERALDA(n2) 1.576 Primero: indique el índice de refracción n1
TOPACIO ROSA(n2) 1.62 Segundo: indique el índice de refracción n2(Según su preferenci
OJO DE TIGRE(n2) 1.544 Tercero: indique el ángulo de incidencia (teta)i
MARFIL(n2) 1.54 Cuarto : Haga lectura de Angulo de refracción en grados
índice n1
índice n2
ángulo (teta)i
Angulo refracción #¡DIV/0!
PARTNER CONTRIBUTION
Problem 1
When red light in vacuum is incident at the Brewster angle on a certain glass
slab, the angle of refraction is What are (a) the index of refraction of the
glass and (b) the Brewster angle?
//
// Vacuum
/ n1=1
//
/
// Glass
n2=?
Ley de Snell
PARTNER CONTRIBUTION
Angelica Bravo
Because, the phenomenon optical are easily restricted to limited space, in this
case, the transmission of the light is the medium whereby, the information
travel, and in the nature the constant of light is the more rapid. The used of the
phenomenon waves proprieties is the form more practical and economic of the
travel of information.
If the proprieties are known the transmission is only the used of reflection of the
light, and the refraction of the light is the information loss.
2. Explain the Snell law, the critical angle and practical applications where it
could be used.
The law of Snell- Descarte is an equation that relation the ray incident in the
limit of surface, the condition are:
The ray is the same plane, the reflection and refraction depend of the velocity of
the mediums.
if then and then
The special angle of incidence that produces a 90 o angle between the reflected
and refracted ray is called the Brewster angle, θp. A little geometry shows that
tan(θp) = n2/n1.(1)
The uses are:
Exercise 2
SOLVE
the is obtain from the relation:
in this case, how the then, the incident ray in the point B is reflected.
The reflection is all and the refraction is not possible.
in this case, how the then, the incident ray in the point between the
interface 1 and 2 is reflected. The reflection is all and the refraction is not
possible.
If, instead, light is incident at B at the critical angle for the interface
between materials 2 and 3, what are:
in this case, how the mediums are the same, the light incident in the
point B is reflected but is not refracted, and the angle is:
in the same order, in the point A the light is reflected, to, the angle in the
point A is:
In this work was evidence the important of the phenomena of reflection and
refraction of light, and the used for the to analyze the structure of different
materials.
The used of the Snell law and the Brewster angle in the transmission of light.
Choose one of the following problems, taken from “Cutnell, J. D., &
Johnson, K. W. (2009), John Wiley & Sons Ltd., New York & Paz, A.
(2013)”.
Webgrafia:
https://es.slideshare.net/DGS998/tabla-de-densidades-6053989
Take of:
http://physics.bu.edu/~duffy/semester2/c27_brewster.html