Filamer Christian University

Roxas City, Capiz

Graduate School

Educ. 402 – Advanced Sociological & Psychological Foundations of Education

MA. CHRISTINE B. TEJADA Dr. JONATHAN P. LEAL

REY D. PEÑAROYO Professor
Reporters

Multiple Intellegences
Howard Earl Gardner
- Is a psychologist and Professor at Harvard
University’s Graduate School of Education.
- Developed the theory of Multiple Intelligences.
- He performed interviews with and brain research on
hundreds of people, including stroke victims,
prodigies, autistic individuals, and so-called
“idiots savants”.
- Defined the first seven (7) intelligences in Frames of Mind in
1983 and added last two in Intelligence Reframed in 1999.

Theory Behind the Model

Gardner’s MI Theory challenged traditional beliefs in the field
of education and cognitive science.

According to a traditional definition,

 Intelligence is a uniform cognitive capacity people are born
with. This capacity can be easily measured by short-answer
test.

According to Gardner, intelligence is:

 The ability to create an effective product or offer a service
that is valued in a culture.
 A set of skills that make it possible for a person to solve
problems in life.
 The potential for finding or creating solutions for problems,
which involves gathering new knowledge.

In addition, Gardner claims that:

 All human beings possess all intelligences in varying
amounts.
 Each person has a different intellectual composition.
 We can improve education by addressing the multiple of our
students.
 These intelligences are located in different areas of the
brain and can either work independently or together.
 These intelligences may define the human species
 Multiple intelligences can be nurtured and strengthened, or
ignored and weakened.
 Each individual has nine intelligences (and maybe more to be
discovered).

Nine (9) Multiple Intelligences (MI) by Howard Gardner

1. Verbal-Linguistic Intelligence (Word Smart)
 a. Capacity to use words effectively, both orally and in
written form.
b. Ability to manipulate the structure, phonology semantics and
pragmatic dimensions of language.
c. Journalists, poets, playwrights, public speakers.
2. Mathematical-logical Intelligence (Number/Reasoning Smart)
a. Capacity with numbers, logical patterns and relationships.
b. Use of categorisation, classification, calculation and
hypothesis testing.
c. Mathematicians, accountants, statisticians, scientists...
3. Musical Intelligence (Music Smart)
a. Perceive musical forms as a music aficionado.
b. Discriminate as a music critic.
c. Transform as a composer.
d. Express as a performer.
e. Have one’s life enriched by music.
4. Visual-Spatial Intelligence (Picture Smart)
a. Ability to perceive the visual spatial world accurately.
b. Sensitivity to colour, line, shape, form and space.
c. Ability to orient oneself in a spatial matrix.
d. Architects, artists, inventors, designers...
5. Bodily-Kinesthetic Intelligence (Body Smart)
a. Show expertise in using one’s body to express ideas and
feelings.
b. Ability to use one’s hands to produce or transform things as
a sculptor, mechanic or surgeon.
c. Co-ordination, dexterity, flexibility.
d. Proprioceptive, tactile and haptic capacities.
6. Interpersonal Intelligence (People Smart)
a. Ability to perceive and make distinctions in the moods,
intentions motivations and feelings of other people.
7. Intrapersonal Intelligence (Self Smart)
a. Having an accurate picture of one’s strengths and
limitations.
b. An awareness of one’s inner moods, intentions, motivations
and desires.
c. High degree of self-knowledge.
d. Ability to act adaptively on the basis on one’s self-
knowledge.
8. Naturalist Intelligence (Nature Smart)
a. Ability to function well in the natural environment.
b. The recognition and categorisation of natural objects.
9. Existential Intelligence
a. Sensitivity and capacity to tackle deep questions about
human existence, such as the meaning of life, why do we die,
and how did we get here.
References:
1. Armstrong, Thomas. Multiple Intelligences in the Classroom 4th ed. Alexandria,
VA: Association for Supervision and Curriculum Development, 2018.
2. Gardner, Howard. Frames of Mind: The Theory of Multiple Intelligenes. New York:
Basic Books, 2011.
3. Gardner, Howard. “Multiple Intelligences.” TIP Database. Ed. Greg Kearsley.
1994-2006. George Washington University. 1 March 2006.
4. Wilson, Leslie Owen. “The Eighth Intelligence: Naturalistic Intelligence.”
Newer Views of Learning. The CELT Center. March 2005. 1 March 2006.
5. http://snow.utoronto.ca/Learn2/mod3/miinventory.html