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Ecosystem
An Introduction
BIOTIC
The biotic components of an ecosystem can be
classified according to their mode of energy
acquisition.
These are:
AUTOTROPH (PLANT
and
HETEROTROPHS (ANIMALS)
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AUTOTROPHS: Producing food on its own
HETEROTROPH - “other” + “feed”
Primary consumers (herbivores)
Secondary consumers(carnivores)
Tertiary consumers (top carnivores)
STRUCTURE:
Living (biotic)
Nonliving (abiotic)
PROCESS:
Energy flow
Cycling of matter (chemicals)
CHANGE:
Dynamic (not static)
Succession, etc.
SUN
SUN
DISTANCE between Sun and the
Earth is 150 million Kms
PRIMARY
CONSUMERS
PRODUCERS
SUN
INORGANIC NITROGEN
POOL
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Energy transfer in a food chain: First
law of thermodynamics
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CARNIVORE
HERBIVORE
PRODUCER
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Dr. D.SARKAR/JMP COLLEGE/EVS/14-15
FOOD CHAINS AND PYRAMIDS
Pyramid of numbers
Pyramid of biomass:
Biomass is biological material
Pyramid of productivity
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PYRAMID OF NUMBER
Tertiary Consumers
Secondary Consumers
Primary Consumers
Primary Producers
Tertiary Consumer
Secondary Consumers
Primary Consumers
Primary Producers
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Dr. D.SARKAR/JMP COLLEGE/EVS/14-15
BIO GEOCHEMICAL CYCLES
WATER CYCLE
CARBON CYCLE
NITROGEN CYCLE
OXYGEN CYCLE
PHOPEROUS CYCLE
OXYGEN CYCLE
FREEZING
LIQUID
SOLID
MELTING
GASEOUS
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Dr. D.SARKAR/JMP COLLEGE/EVS/14-15
WATER ON THE EARTH
• Production of cement.
• Volcanic eruptions .
About 90% of energy comes from burning of fossil fuels like Coal,
Petrol and Diesel