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Video tracking of grasshopper nymphs

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f e at u r e

Automated gait analysis in rodents


news V o l u m e 13 • N u m b e r 1 • april 2006

involves inking an animal’s paws


and then studying the prints on
a piece of paper. This method is
cumbersome and provides only
static information about gait,
whereas CatWalk also offers an
extensive number of parameters
with regard to dynamic gait.
CatWalk also allows quantitation
of step sequence patterns, providing
a more objective alternative to
Rat traversing the CatWalk walkway, filmed from underneath. The contact areas light up brightly.
the assessment of inter-limb
Noldus is making the final preparations alternative to various conventional coordination by means of the
for the release of a novel system for tests for studying gait in rodents [1]. BBB-score [2]. Besides locomotion,
automating gait analysis in rodents: In scope of animal locomotion, CatWalk provides an objective
CatWalk. The CatWalk system presents CatWalk automates the frequently alternative to the labor-intensive
a comprehensive and validated used footprint analysis, which (continued on page 2)

f e at u r e

Log it with uLog


Another piece completing the usability puzzle!
Observing human-computer interaction record text entered by a test person as perform basic functions like logging 
can be fascinating, but when scoring one string, so you don’t have to figure keystrokes and mouse clicks. Data can

Noldus news • Volume 13 • Number 1 • April 2006


a series of user sessions there is so out what the user typed. uLog gives you be exported to other software packages
much information, you might not see a high level of detail: not only does it log for further analysis. uLog Pro gives you
the wood for the trees. mouse clicks, you can also see whether the full functionality. It is designed to
Our new uLog allows you the left or right button was clicked and be used together with The Observer
to concentrate on the whether there was a double click action. XT: a combination which offers optimal
interesting part while Finally it calculates distance traveled control and analysis options.
the monotonous logging by the mouse pointer. In order to save (continued on page 4)

Contents of mouse clicks and keystrokes is done


automatically. This way, you save time
you from drowning
in data, uLog
and increase the accuracy of your includes a filter
Director’s Dugout_ _____ 2 observations simultaneously! function allowing
User Report The Observer__3 you to select which
Consulting Services_____ 4 Automatic recording of applications and
User Report EthoVision____5 user-system interaction actions to track.
Tips & Tricks___________ 6 uLog logs more than just keystrokes
New: PhenoTyper 4500 __ 6 or mouse clicks. It also tells you which uLog comes in two
Better Together________ 7 applications are active, which standard versions: Lite and Pro.
About Noldus__________ 7 menus appear in the user interface, The Lite version
Welcome on Board_ ____ 8 which pages are opened by Internet is for free and
Update The Observer XT__ 8 Explorer, and more. uLog is also able to allows you to

Noldus Information Technolog y


f e at u r e director’s dugout user report

Jeremy Koster

The user-centered design Hunting with dogs in the


(continued from page 1)
Department of Anthropology,
Penn State University,

challenge Nicaraguan rain forest


State College, PA, USA
and subjective Von Frey method to study
E-mail: jmk458@psu.edu
touch evoked pain [3]. CatWalk assesses
the pressure exerted by each paw on the
floor on basis of light intensity; the more
pressure is exerted, the larger the total Like many modern product developers, foundation for innovations in the years to Most indigenous Nicaraguan hunters in System (GPS) unit was introduced into the Number
Species % of hunt time
area of skin-floor contact, and hence the Noldus Information Technology adheres to come. In order to make long-awaited new the Bosawas Biosphere Reserve rely on study to track the location of the hunters, of encounters
brighter the pixel. a user-centered design (UCD) philosophy functions available as early as possible, their hunting dogs to locate and corral and using markers to note these points with Agouti 9.9 39
in the development of new software not all existing functionality of version 5 is potential prey animals. Relying on dogs is their associated time stamps allowed for the Paca 5.4 17
The operation principle of CatWalk is based products. In the early stage of development immediately available in XT. We have done a little unusual in Neotropical rain forests, calculation of speed on various legs of the Nine-banded
1.5 6
on an enclosed walkway with a glass floor we use customer surveys, interviews, focus our best to implement an optimal mix of where firearms have supplanted traditional expedition. armadillo
in a darkened room. An animal traverses the groups, and ethnographic observations proven functions and novel features. In technologies in many regions [1]. To study Collared peccary 0.9 2
walkway while light enters the glass floor to elicit user requirements. Then we subsequent releases, remaining functions interactions between the hunters and their In all, sixty hunting expeditions were Tayra 0.3 3
and is completely internally reflected. Only document a range of usage scenarios as from version 5 plus more new features will dogs, The Observer 5 on a Psion Workabout observed. As might be expected, on several Coati 0.2 3
at those areas where a paw makes contact the basis for the functional design. Once find their place in the XT line. Meanwhile, handheld computer was used on expeditions occasions hunters exhibited unanticipated Giant anteater 0.05 1
with the floor, light can leave and hence working prototypes become available newly implemented functions will be into the forest. The result was a detailed behaviors that did not closely correspond to Northern
illuminates the areas of contact only. The these are tested for technical quality and refined and improved. Setting priorities data set that far surpassed the quality of categories defined in the original configura- 0.03 1
Tamandua
walkway is monitored from underneath usability, initially in the lab but during and choosing a direction that best serves traditional paper and pencil methods. tion. Given the remoteness of the field site, Unidentified prey 2.95 ?
by a video camera that captures the later development cycles also at customer the majority of users is a challenging revising the configuration was not possible,
illuminated areas and delivers the video locations, until the product is ready for process. To make sure that the outcome of Methods and two strategies were used to contend with Percentage of hunting time devoted to pursuing
mammalian species by hunters with dogs in the Bosawas
image to a computer that runs the CatWalk release. In the ideal scenario, each of these our design decisions is an advantage for The flexibility of The Observer allowed for unexpected behaviors. First, some variables
Reserve (n = 50 observations).
software. CatWalk subsequently analyzes steps is planned and executed such that you, our sales and support staff is trained multiple behavioral classes. Activities of the in the original configuration had been left
the areas of contact, resulting in a vast the next phase can take full advantage of to advise you on the optimal software focal hunters themselves received priority, unspecified, and codes were assigned as
Conclusions
collection of quantitative gait parameters. the outcome of the previous one. However, solution for your specific purpose. but additional data were collected on habitat the need developed. Second, markers were
Overall, the Workabout performed admirably
Contrary to treadmill systems, CatWalk only in reality, the consequences of decisions type (e.g. primary or secondary forest), inserted in the observational data file to
throughout the study, as it emerged relatively
measures those areas where the paws make made during the requirements phase Feedback from users will remain an precipitation, and the presence of dogs. It was clarify situations that deviated somewhat
unscathed despite the rugged conditions and
contact with the floor, making it devoid of sometimes do not become clear until the important factor in this ongoing process. not possible to directly observe the behaviors from anticipated behaviors.
occasionally torrential rains. In general,
measurement errors caused by when the product is near completion and one can Because our software can be used for so of the dogs as they darted through the
The Observer permits considerably more
paws are not in contact (i.e. during the swing then only take limited steps to rectify the many different types of studies, it is almost undergrowth of the forest, but their proximity Results
detail in data collection than is possible with
phase of a stride). impact. UCD is a growing discipline and impossible to think of all possible usage to the hunter was noted. Communication Preliminary results suggest that hunters with
more traditional methods. As with hunters
also for us there is still a lot to learn. scenarios beforehand. Therefore, if you between hunters and their dogs were dogs often enjoy tremendous benefits but
and their dogs, the benefits of computerized

CatWalk was originally developed by
Dr. Frank Hamers for the study of spinal cord The development of The Observer XT was
run into an application that you think has
been overlooked, please let us know. We
recorded as discrete events in a separate
category, along with other noteworthy events,
also incur substantial costs. Some dogs pursue
animals that their owners consider inedible,
data collection far outweigh the costs, and 
I will not hesitate to use The Observer in
injury in rats, but has subsequently been the latest test of UCD in practice. The welcome any comments, suggestions and such as encounters with prey and attempts to and the hunters can lose valuable time
Noldus news • Volume 13 • Number 1 • April 2006

Noldus news • Volume 13 • Number 1 • April 2006


future research.
adopted for a range of other nervous system program has been completely redesigned critique. kill pursued animals. As familiarity with the chasing after a dog only to be disappointed by
models, such as models for neuropathic pain. and rebuilt relative to its predecessor The configuration increased, a Global Positioning the result. While hunters can speculate about
This research was funded by the National Science
In fact, CatWalk can be applied to any study Observer 5. We have created a new system I look forward to hearing from you! unseen prey based on
Foundation, the Fulbright program, the Hill Foundation,
that deals with disturbances of locomotion. architecture that supports novel data the quality and intensity
and a Sanders Dissertation Award.
During the past decade CatWalk has been collection and analysis concepts, such as Lucas Noldus of their dogs’ barking,
validated in numerous studies at universities extensible coding schemes and multimodal l.noldus@noldus.com there is considerable
across Europe and the USA. data integration, laying a strong uncertainty in these Reference
assessments. Despite 1. Redford, K.H.; Robinson, J.G. (1987). The game of
For more information about CatWalk, please fill out such misadventures, choice: Patterns of Indian and colonist hunting in
the reply form at www.noldus.com/nn_reply_form. however, dogs typically the Neotropics. American Anthropologist, 89,
corral enough desirable 650-667.
References game animals to offset
1. Hamers, F.P.T.; Lankhorst, A.J.; Van Laar, T.J.; 2. Koopmans, G.C.; Deumens, R.; Honig, W.M.M.; 3. Vrinten, D.H.; Hamers, F.P.T. (2003). ‘CatWalk’ the wasted time. Either
Veldhuis, W.B.; Gispen, W.H. (2001). Automated Hamers, F.P.T.; Steinbusch, H.W.M.; Joosten, E.A.J. automated quantitative gait analysis as a novel in combination with
quantitative gait analysis during overground (2005). The assessment of locomotor function method to assess mechanical allodynia in the firearms or with simpler
locomotion in the rat: Its application to spinal in spinal cord injured rats:The importance of rat: A comparison with Von Frey testing. Pain, 102, hand technologies, dogs
cord contusion and transection injuries. Journal of objective analysis of coordination. Journal of 203-209. allow hunters to locate a
Neurotrauma, 18, 187-201. Neurotrauma, 22, 214-225. wide variety of potential

Photo by Michael Aitkenhead


prey items.

N o l d u s I n fo r m at i o n Te c h n o l o g y
f e at u r e user report

Tim Gardiner1, Ian Bland2, and Julian Hill2

The right expertise at the right place Video tracking of


1Centre for Environment and Rural Affairs,

Writtle College, Chelmsford, UK

Achieve better results with Noldus consulting services


grasshopper nymphs
2Faculty of Land and Food Resources,

University of Melbourne, Parkville, Australia


E-mail: tg@writtle.ac.uk
state-of-the-art usability research Training courses
lab. We advised about the To complete our range of services, we can
configuration of hardware and offer tailor-made training courses for your
software, built the complete lab, specific application. The practical experience In the field, grasshopper nymphs may
and trained researchers in using it. of our consultants and trainers guarantee disperse from ‘spatially hostile’ homogeneous
the right understanding of your needs and environments to heterogeneous habitats
Rent-a-lab an adequate approach of your problem. Don’t (longer grass), where there is adequate cover Figure 2. Movement
The Experience Labs in hesitate to contact us to find out what our from predation or inclement weather [1]. of mature grass-
Wageningen (NL) and Leesburg consultants can do for you! However, it is difficult to assess the velocity of hopper nymphs
(Virginia, USA) play a central For more information about our services, please fill out walking and jumping movements of nymphs (instar 3) in the
role in our usability consulting the reply form at www.noldus.com/nn_reply_form. in the field, as accurate assessment of the homogeneous (left)
services. The labs are equipped distance moved and the dependence of behavior and heterogeneous
for a wide range of studies in on the prevailing meteorological conditions (right) environments.
human-computer interaction f e at u r e are significant problems technically. A camera
and psychology, that require system monitored with EthoVision was used in were created from white (to contrast with brown extensive jumping movements would mean
(continued from page 1 )
behavioral and/or physiological controlled laboratory conditions to determine nymphs) polystyrene tiles: homogeneous and that nymphs were easily lost to the camera. This
Over the years, Noldus has gained a vast measurements. Our labs can be rented on You can also put your uLog configuration the movement velocity of nymphs of the heterogeneous. The homogeneous environment problem was overcome by connecting the last
experience in observational research a daily basis in combination with usability on a USB stick and run it from there grasshopper, Chorthippus parallelus, throughout was devoid of any obstacles such as vegetation, recorded position with a straight line to the new
methods and techniques. Not only as consultancy and/or technical assistance. We without installing any software on the test their development in homogeneous and whereas the heterogeneous arena had dense coordinates.
a developer of tools for behavioral data can take care of one or more phases or your PC. This is a very attractive feature when heterogeneous environments. areas of grass representing tussocks.
collection and analysis, but also as an complete usability project. On-site projects running tests at a client’s location where Although tracking of grasshoppers is challenging
integrator of complete systems and are also possible: our consultants have portable installing software on PCs is not allowed. Data analysis with regard to the natural characteristics of
observational labs. Composing the right labs at their disposal for observations in a Nymphs of all instars were introduced into these insects, EthoVision is a useful tool for
solution is always done in close cooperation ‘naturalistic’ environment. Are you ready to automate your usability tests? uLog the arena and the movement velocity (cm/s) accurately determining movement velocity in
with our clients: together we create the will be released shortly: please fill out the reply form was calculated for each tracking session. The grasshoppers.
optimal combination of software and Renting equipment or software at www.noldus.com/nn_reply_form to reserve your subtraction method of object detection and
hardware, taking into account the demands During or after a consulting project, it is of free copy and keep an eye on www.noldus.com/ulog! recording of one sample per second was used to This study was funded by Writtle College and forms part

 set by the application. During the different


project phases we consult about solution
course possible to rent our equipment and
software for observations. Additionally, we
avoid recording and identifying the movements
of legs or antennae – a problem that was
of a three year PhD examining the impacts of grassland
management on Orthoptera in the UK.

and application. We also train staff in using can set up the right configuration so the observed to reduce the reliability of the data
Noldus news • Volume 13 • Number 1 • April 2006

Noldus news • Volume 13 • Number 1 • April 2006


the system and assist clients how to perform observation system is immediately ready (see editorial note). The problem of tracking the Reference
behavioral observations. for your specific test or research project. jump of a nymph was overcome by using the 1. Gardiner, T.; Hill, J. (2004). Directional dispersal
Assistance in analysis of collected data or last known position function, the point of take- patterns of Chorthippus parallelus (Orthoptera:
Noldus consulting offers a wide range of pattern searching is also possible. off was then joined by a straight line with the Acrididae) in patches of grazed pastures. Journal of
Figure 1. The experimental set-up.
services, from feasibility tests and usability landing position. Orthoptera Research, 13, 135-141.
studies to lab design and advanced training Experimental set-up
courses. Some examples of recent projects: The experiment was conducted under constant Results and discussion
• For Shell International we performed an temperature (23°C) laboratory conditions. Movements of nymphs in the homogeneous
on-site usability test of a new Human Lighting was situated directly above the environment generally seemed to be random Editorial note
Instead of reducing the sample rate, there is
Factors Engineering e-learning course, experimental area to prevent shade. Spatial for all instars, with a high occurrence of jumping
another solution for the observed problem
which was part of their competence movements of all four instars were tracked in (many straight lines; Figure 2). However, in the
here. EthoVision offers an erosion and dilation
improvement program. a circular 36 cm diameter arena, which had heterogeneous environment, jumping was filter to remove sticking-out bits such as tails,
• For the Laboratory of Entomology of 40 cm high plastic walls to prevent nymphs less frequent (few straight lines; Figure 2) and legs, or antennae. EthoVision also offers the
Wageningen University we conducted a from escaping. A high-resolution video camera consequently movement velocities, particularly option to define a ‘minimum distance moved’
On the first World Usability Day, forty people visited our
feasibility study to find out if EthoVision 3.1 was situated at approximately 80 cm above of late instars (3-4), were significantly lower than filter to eliminate apparent movements such
new Wageningen office to join a series of presentations
as body motion or pivoting on the spot. Both
can be used for tracking malaria and demonstrations. The program included an expert the arena on a steel gantry. The camera was in the homogeneous environment.
of these options enable EthoVision to track
mosquitoes in a wind tunnel using two review by usability consultant Gerard van Os (Glacimonto), connected to a computer with EthoVision 3.0,
animals reliably at a high sample rate.
infrared cameras. and in our experience lab a usability test of the NOVIB and all nymphal movements were recorded in EthoVision provided a user-friendly system for
• For the University of Salzburg, Austria, we (Oxfam Netherlands) web site was conducted live. real-time and visually displayed on the monitor monitoring nymphal movements accurately.
recently designed and constructed a (Figure 1). Two environments of 36 cm diameter The authors were initially concerned that

N o l d u s I n fo r m at i o n Te c h n o l o g y
new & improved better together about noldus

PhenoTyper 4500: Restaurant of the Future New services for


German-speaking
a new model suitable for rats Unique facility for innovative consumer research
customers
In October 2004 we introduced PhenoTyper: shelter for home cage testing or a larger
a versatile instrument for the study of shelter when used for testing rats. When Consumer behavior To better anticipate and fulfill
rodent behavior. PhenoTyper, consisting connecting up to sixteen PhenoTyper units Today’s food industry has to customers’ needs, Noldus Information
of a cage and a top-unit with infrared (IR) to one EthoVision system, your throughput cope with highly fickle consumer Technology aims for the highest
illumination and an IR-sensitive video camera, will be increased and your automated behavior. New products suffer possible level of local representation.
is a multi-purpose observation system. Due measurements can be continued for from a high failure rate, which This philosophy translates into serving
to its dimensions (surface area of 30 by 30 prolonged periods. proves that choice behavior is customers in their native language,
cm), this initial model, PhenoTyper 3000, is often unpredictable. Over the whenever feasible. In line with this
primarily intended for monitoring a single Model 4500 has all characteristics that make years, freedom of choice has strategy, Noldus is represented by a
mouse. We now introduce a larger model, PhenoTyper unique. A light filter in front of vastly expanded for consumers. global network of distributors, as well
PhenoTyper 4500, applicable for monitoring the IR-sensitive video camera enables you to Understanding and predicting as own branch offices in the United
a rat. This model can be used for testing monitor the animal’s behavior regardless of food choice, eating and drinking States, France, Spain, and Hungary.
multiple animals in one cage as well, making the ambient light conditions. Furthermore, behavior has thus become an Our customers in Southern Germany,
3D impression of the Restaurant of the Future.
it suitable for studies on interaction between the combination of IR light sources and an units were in operation for 25 days. Data were increased focus of consumer Austria, and Switzerland know the way
animals. IR-sensitive camera makes it possible to collected with EthoVision. Dr. Bart Ellenbroek research. Since this behavior is predominantly • A restaurant kitchen in which new cooking to our office in Freiburg.
monitor rats or mice during consecutive was pleased with the results: “The test based on unconscious processes, behavioral equipment can be tested.
To ensure that PhenoTyper 4500 is suitable circadian cycles without human intervention. went very well, the hardware performed observation in a real-life context is considered • Excellent sensory laboratory facilities in From now on, customers in Northern
for testing rats or several mice simultaneously, without any hick-ups and data analysis with a better way than interviews and question- which trained panelists evaluate products Germany will be also be served by
the surface area of the cage is more than Dr. Bart Ellenbroek and his co-workers EthoVision went fine.” naires. on their sensory characteristics, with set-ups dedicated German-speaking staff at
doubled (45 by 45 cm) compared to the at Radboud University in Nijmegen, The for physiological measurements. Noldus headquarters in Wageningen,
initial model. The inside of the cage can Netherlands, have completed a first For more information about PhenoTyper, please fill out Restaurant of the Future • Rooms for focus group discussions. The Netherlands. Starting with
be customized; a feeder, water bottles and experiment in which sixteen PhenoTyper 4500 the reply form at www.noldus.com/nn_reply_form. In order to enable the development of a German language version of
innovative consumer studies, a unique Data collection and analysis the brochure for the psychology
facility will soon be opening its doors: the Noldus Information Technology is the market, Noldus will gradually offer
Restaurant of the Future. The €2.3 million technical partner in the consortium, a whole range of German language
tips & tricks project is an initiative of the Center for responsible for the video, computer, and publications, including a German
Innovative Consumer Studies (CICS) in data acquisition equipment in the research web portal. Towards the end of 2006,
 
The Observer Wageningen, in partnership with Sodexho,
Europe’s largest catering company, Kampri
center, as well as observational data collection
and analysis software. The Observer XT will
we will open an office in Berlin. The
additional presence in Germany will
Noldus news • Volume 13 • Number 1 • April 2006

Noldus news • Volume 13 • Number 1 • April 2006


Group, a manufacturer of professional serve as the core research tool for behavioral allow us to offer extended services for
We have published a series of white papers Organizing events at different The Observer XT and multimodality kitchen equipment, and Noldus Information studies. In collaboration with CICS scientists our customers in Northern Germany,
that describe important new functionality hierarchical levels With The Observer XT it is possible to Technology. The Restaurant of the Future is a we will work on further development of such as demonstrations of systems
of The Observer XT in detail: Often, you want to relate event data to integrate multiple data modalities, e.g. future-oriented research center where factors The Observer and associated software tools on location, regional workshops and
variables representing properties of the video, physiological measurements, and underlying food choice and eating and for automatic movement tracking, facial user meetings, on-site training, and
The Observer XT and new video observation session. The Observer XT allows eye tracking data. You can synchronize such drinking behavior will be investigated. René expressions recognition, and behavioral technical support.
technology you to build a hierarchical structure for data with your behavioral observations and Koster, head of CICS, explains: “These factors pattern detection.
Recording behaviors and events from video such variables by giving them different analyze them as one data set. will be studied in a behavioral context, which Contact information
files is now even easier. The Observer XT scopes. ensures validity larger than encountered in Benefits Axel Budde, M.Sc.
supports more video formats such as Div- The full text of each white paper can be many current research paradigms. Ultimately The Restaurant of the Future will be open to Regional Sales Engineer
X, WMV, and DV-AVI. If you want to record Flexible creation and adaptation of downloaded from www.noldus.com/observer. we hope to be able to better predict interested parties who can use the facilities Northern Germany
video while observing, connect your digital coding schemes consumer behavior.” for concept or product development, sensory Phone +31-317-473300
camera to the PC via USB or FireWire. Often, you can only build a good coding profiling, testing of new food products, Fax +31-317-424496
scheme by refining it during several Facilities kitchen equipment, or restaurant furniture, E-mail a.budde@noldus.com
Numerical variables in observed events observation sessions. The Observer XT The Restaurant of the Future will include: or to gain insight in situation-dependent
With The Observer XT, you can use supports this rearranging process, so you • An experimental restaurant for studies of the product appreciation.
numerical modifiers, such as a rating scale can even start an observation session effect of different assortments, presentation
used to express the intensity of quality of without a coding scheme and build it of products and use of counters, and buying René Koster can be reached on rene.koster@wur.nl.
a behavior, and analyze them as numbers during scoring. and eating behavior of visitors. For more information, please fill out the reply form at
rather than nominal values. www.noldus.com/nn_reply_form.

N o l d u s I n fo r m at i o n Te c h n o l o g y
welcome on board new & improved

Behavioral The Observer XT update


observation of Since the release of The Observer XT in New applications and solutions also mean new

primates September 2005, the new software has found its


way into many fields of research. We have seen
challenges. While working on new functions
for the next release, our development team
some spectacular multi-modal set-ups being also fixes user-reported problems. This spring
We would like to welcome the Apenheul built, which will be featured in future issues we will release an update of The Observer XT.
Foundation as a new customer, since of Noldus News. Psychologists are integrating In this update bugs will be fixed and functional
they have started to collect observational behavioral observations with stimulus delivery, improvements will be made throughout the
data of primate behavior with the use of heart rate, and EEG measurement systems. We package. Improvements include the removal of
our products. Apenheul (Apeldoorn, The have seen people using the new coding scheme inconveniences in the scoring of events, design
Netherlands) harbors over 30 species of features in creative ways that we never thought improvements for the episode selection, support
primates, many of them ranging freely of. One company has even connected twelve eye of more video formats, better support of
among the visitors. trackers to one Observer system. If you are using external MPEG encoders, and closer integration
The Observer XT, we would also like to hear of the Screen Capture Module. The update will
what you are using the new version for. Please be available for free to all registered users of
send your experiences to product manager The Observer XT. Keep an eye on
Albert Willemsen (a.willemsen@noldus.nl). www.noldus.com/observer for announcement.

Contact information
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metronet@netvigator.com
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info@kuoyang.com.tw
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Netherlands and all other countries


Noldus news • Volume 13 • Number 1 • April 2006

India Turkey Noldus Information Technology bv


Until now, behavior of the zoo’s inhabitants Commat Ltd info@noldus.nl
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Rietkerk, head of Animal Management: +1-703-771-0440 For more detailed information please
NBT Ltd
“At the moment, our staff is being trained nbtsales@nbtltd.com 1-800-355-9541 (toll-free) look at www.noldus.com/contact
in behavioral observation and the use of
Noldus products. We look forward to using
the new tools in various research projects.”

Noldus News is a periodic publication of Noldus Information Technology. Its purpose is to share
Frank Rietkerk can be reached at
information about Noldus products and their applications. Subscription is free. Please use the
F.Rietkerk@apenheul.nl. reply card for address changes and requests for subscription or product information.

Chief Editor: Lucas Noldus Copyright (c) 2006 Noldus Information


Editor: Eveline Mulder (e.mulder@noldus.nl) Technology bv. All rights reserved.

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