Electrical Cambodia Standard

RBHraCaNacRkkm<úCa
Cati sasna RBHmhakSRt
sþg;dabec©keTsGKÁisnI
énRBHraCaNacRkkm<úCa
1-l½kçx½NÐTUeTAénsþg;dabec©keTsGKÁisnIkñúgRBHraCaNacRkkm<úCa
2-l½kçx½NÐlMGiténsþg;dabec©keTsGKÁisnIkñúgRBHraCaNacRkkm<úCa
3-karBnül;lMGiténsþg;dabec©keTsGKÁisnI
4-snÞanuRkmsRmab;sþg;dabec©keTsGKÁisnI
e)aHBum<eday GaCJaFrGKÁisnIkm<úCa
ExsIha qñaM2015
0
l½kçx½NÐTUeTAénsþg;dabec©keTsGKÁisnI
kñúgRBHraCaNacRkkm<úCa
RksYg]sSahkmμ Er: nigfamBl

Exemsa qñaM 2004
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matika
CMBUkTI 1 ³ bBaØtiþTUeTA
EpñkTI 1 ³ niymn½y
maRta 1 ³ niymn½y
EpñkTI 2 ³ eKalbMNg visalPaB nigl½kçx½NÐ kñúgkarGnuvtþn_
maRta 2 ³ eKalbMNg
maRta 3 ³ visalPaB
maRta 4 ³ l½kçx½NÐkñúgkarGnuvtþn_
maRta 5 ³ GnþrbBaØtiþ
EpñkTI 3 ³ KuNPaBGKÁisnI
maRta 6 ³ tg;süúg
maRta 7 ³ eRhVkg;
maRta 8 ³ nirnþrPaBénkarpÁt;pÁg;GKÁisnI
EpñkTI 4 ³ karbgáareRKaHmhnþrayGKÁisnI
maRta 9 ³ karbgáareRKaHmhnþrayGKÁisnI
maRta 10 ³ karbgáareRKaHfñak;bNþalmkBImeFüa)ay GKÁisnI
maRta 11 ³ suvtißPaBcMeBaHGñkTI3
maRta 12 ³ karbgáarkarxUcmeFüa)ayGKÁisnIeday eRKaHFmμCati
EpñkTI 5 ³ karbgáarmin[dac;crnþGKÁisnI
maRta 13 ³ karbgáarmin[dac;crnþGKÁisnI
EpñkTI 6 ³ karEfrkSabrisßan
maRta 14 ³ l½kçx½NÐeKarBsþg;dabrisßan
CMBUkTI 2 ³ l½kçx½NÐTUeTAsMrab;meFüa)ayGKÁisnI
EpñkTI 1 ³ l½kçx½NÐTUeTArYm
maRta 15 ³ sþg;daEdlRtÚveKarBtam
maRta 16 ³ GayukalénmeFüa)ayGKÁisnI
maRta 17 ³ karP¢ab;ExSdI
maRta 18 ³ kartP¢ab;ExScMlg
maRta 19 ³ RbB½n§KmnaKmn_
maRta 20 ³ PaBRtwmRtÚvénnaLikasÞg;GKÁisnI
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EpñkTI 2 ³ l½kçx½NÐTUeTAcMeBaHmeFüa)ayplitkmμ ]NðGKi§ÁsnI
maRta 21 ³ LcMhay nigeRKOgbnÞab;bnSMrbs;va
maRta 22 ³ TYb‘ÍncMhay nigeRKOgbnÞab;bnSMrbs;va
maRta 23 ³ TYb‘Ín]sμ½n nigeRKOgbnÞab;bnSMrbs;va
maRta 24 ³ m:asIuncMehHkñúg ¬m:asIuneRbIBIsþúgrujRcan eTAmk¦ nig eRKOgbnÞab;bnSMrbs;va
maRta 25 ³ TYb‘Ín]sμ½neRbIkMedAsl;mþgeTot nigeRKOg bnÞab;bnSMrbs;va
EpñkTI 3 ³ l½kçx½NÐTUeTAcMeBaHmeFüa)ayplitkmμ varIGKiÁsnI
maRta 26 ³ TMnb; pøÚvTwk eragm:asIunGKÁisnI nig eRKOgbnÞab;bnSMepSgeTot
maRta 27 ³ karbgáarkarxUceragcRkvarIGKÁisnI
maRta 28 ³ TYb‘ÍnGIuRdÚlic nigehSenr:aT½r
EpñkTI 4 ³ l½kçx½NÐTUeTAcMeBaHmeFüa)ayplitkmμ epSgeTot
maRta 29 ³ famBlkekIteLIgvij ehSenr:aT½rcl½t nig varIGKÁisnIFuntUc
maRta 30 ³ meFüa)ayplitkmμGKiÁsnIedayTwkbUmsþúk nigmeFüa)ayplitkmμ GKiÁsnInuyEkøEG‘r
EpñkTI 5 ³ l½kçx½NÐTUeTArYmcMeBaHeRKOgbBa¢Ún nig EckcayGKiÁsnI
maRta 31 ³ lkçN³énExScMlg
maRta 32 ³ karTb;sáat;kareLIgelIbegÁalGKiÁsnI
maRta 33 ³ emKuNsuvtißPaBrbs;ExSRsat nig ExSdIénExSbNþajGakas
maRta 34 ³ kareRbIExSbNþajGKÁisnI b¤ ExS KmnaKmn_Ek,rKña nigrYmKña
maRta 35 ³ ExSbNþajkb;dI
maRta 36 ³ karkarBarTl;crnþelIs
maRta 37 ³ karkarBarTl;nwgkarqøgb:HdI
maRta 38 ³ RbB½n§ SCADA sMrab;mCÄmNÐl EbgEckGKiÁsnI
maRta 39 ³ cMNat;fñak;karP¢ab;ExSdIsMrab;ExSbNþaj GKÁisnI
EpñkTI 6 ³ l½kçx½NÐTUeTAcMeBaHmeFüa)aybBa¢Ún tg;süúgx<s;
maRta 40 ³ karkMNt;begÁalRTExSGakastg;süúgx<s;
maRta 41 ³ emKuNsuvtßiPaBénRbdab;RTFanasMrab; ExScMlg nig¼b¤ ExSdI énExSGakas tg;süúgx<s;
maRta 42 ³ karkarBarTl;nwgrnÞHsMrab;ExSbNþaj Gakastg;süúgx<s;
maRta 43 ³ ExSRsaténExSbNþajGakastg;süúgx<s;
maRta 44 ³ KmøatrvagExSRsat nigbegÁalTRménExS bNþajGakastg;süúgx<s;
maRta 45 ³ kMBs;ExSbNþajGakastg;süúgx<s;
maRta 46 ³ KmøatrvagExSGakastg;süúgx<s; nig meFüa)aydéTeTot b¤edImeQI
maRta 47 ³ karbgáarrcMeBaHeRKaHfñak; nigkarrMxan eRCótERCkBIGaMgDucsüúg eGLicRtÚsþaTik
nigGaMgDucsüúgeGLicRtÚm:aejTic
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maRta 48 ³ ]bkrN_cab;crnþRcal
EpñkTI 7 ³ l½kçx½NÐTUeTAcMeBaHmeFüa)ayEckcay tg;süúgmFüm nigTab

maRta 49 ³ begÁalTRm
maRta 50 ³ ExSbNþajGakas
maRta 51 ³ kMlaMgemkanicénGIusULaT½r
maRta 52 ³ Rtg;sVÚm:aT½rtg;süúgmFüm¼Tab
maRta 53 ³ ]bkrN_karBar
maRta 54 ³ kMBs;ExSbNþajGakas
maRta 55 ³ KmøatrvagExSbNþajGakas nigvtßúdéT eTot
maRta 56 ³ l½kçx½NÐenACitKña nigkat;ExVgKñaénExS bNþajGakas
EpñkTI 8 ³ l½kçx½NÐTUeTAcMeBaHkartemøIgExSGKÁisnI kñúgeKhdæan
maRta 57 ³ kMritGIusULg;
maRta 59 ³ karkarBarTl;nwgcrnþelIs
maRta 61 ³ karerobcMExSkñúgGKar
maRta 62 ³ eRKOgRbdab;énbNþajGKÁisnIkñúgGKar
maRta 63 ³ kartemøIgRbdab;eRbIR)as;GKÁisnIkñúgGKar
maRta 64 ³ karerobcMExSGKiÁsnICab;Kña nigkat;ExVgKña enAkñúgGKar
maRta 65 ³ kartemøIgeRkAGKarkñúgTItaMgGñkeRbIR)as;
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CMBUkTI 1
bBaØtþiTUeTA
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EpñkTI 1
niymn½y
maRta 1 ³niymn½y
enAkñúgl½kçx½NÐTUeTAénsþg;dabec©keTsGKÁisnI RbsinebI BMumankarbBa¢ak;xøwmsarepSgeT BaküTaMgLayCabnþbnÞab;
enH RtÚvmanniymn½ydUckarBnül;xageRkam³
1> TMnb;
:TMnb; : KWCaeXOnTb;TwkEdlsagsg;eLIgedIm,ITb;Twk hUrb¤edIm,IbEgVrvaeTAkan;kEnøgTTYlsMrab;plitGKÁisnI
edayrab;bBa©ÚlTaMgRKwH nigeRKÓgrYmpSMTaMgLayrbs; va dUcCapøÚvbegðór .
2> karTajExSkñúgbMBg;
:karTajExSkñúgbMBg; : KWCaviFItemøIgmYysMrab;ExS bNþajkb;dI EdlExSkabRtÚvtemøIgenAkñúgbMBg; .
3> G>G>k
: G>G>k : KWCaGkSrkat;énGaCJaFrGKÁisnIkm<úCa .
4> ExSbNþajGKÁisnI
:ExSbNþajGKÁisnI : KWCaEpñkmYyénmeFüa)ayGKÁisnIsMrab;bBa¢Ún b¤pÁt;pÁg;GKÁisnI EdltPa¢b;sßanIy
GnusßanIy sßanIyEbgEck nigkEnøgeRbIR)as;GKÁisnI EdlrYmmanExSbNþaj Rbdab;karBar nigRbdab;
pþac;P¢ab; .
5> meFüa)ayGKÁisnI
:meFüa)ayGKÁisnI : mann½yfameFüa)ayplitkmμ GKÁisnI GnusßanIy sßanIyEbgEck ExSbNþajGKÁisnI
mCÄmNÐlEbgEckedayKitTaMgbrikçaGKar TMnb; pøÚvTwk kEnøgsþúkeRbg\n§n³ nigkEnøgcak;kaksMNl;
.l.
6> brikçaGKÁisnI
:brikçaGKÁisnI : KWCameFüa)ayGKÁisnIEdlmanpÞúkcrnþGKÁisnI .
7> meFüay)ayplitkmμGKÁisnI
m: eFüayplitkmμGKÁisnI : KWCameFüay)ayGKÁisnIsMrab;plitGKÁisnI .
8> ExSbNþajtg;süúgx<s;
:ExSbNþajtg;süúgx<s; : KWCaExSbNþajGKÁisnIEdlmantg;süúgx<sC; ag 35KILvÚ u:l .
9> karerobcMExSGKÁisnIkñúgeKhdæan
:karerobcMExSGKÁisnIkñúgeKhdæan : KWCakarerobcMbrikçaGKiÁsnIrbs;GñkeRbIR)as; dUcCakarerobcMExSGKÁisnI
b¤Rbdab;GKÁisnIEdltemøIgkñúgeKhdæan b¤kñúgGKarCaedImsMrab;eKalbMNgeRbIR)as;GKÁisnI . karerobcMenH
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minrab;bBa©ÚlkarerobcM]bkrN_GKÁisnI EdlminEmnCameFüa)aysMrab;kareRbIR)as;GKÁisnI dUcCameFüa)ay
plitkmμGKÁisnI b¤GnusßanIy Edl)antemøIgenATIenaHeLIy .
10> IEC
IEC KWCaGkSrkat;énBakü International Electrotechnical Commission mann½yfa

KNkmμkarbec©keTsGKÁisnIGnþrCati .
11> Rbdab;eRbIR)as;GKÁisnIkñúgGKar
:Rbdab;eRbIR)as;GKÁisnIkñúgGKar : manGMBUlrgÁMGKÁisnItg;süúgTab GMBUl]sμn½GKÁisnItg;süúgTab nigRbdab;
eRbIR)as;GKÁisnIsMrab;pÞH nigsMrab;GaCIvkmμtg;süúgTabEdltemøIgkñúgGKar .
12> ExSeRsam
:ExSeRsam: mann½yfa ExSeRsamEdleRsabedayb:UlIeGTIELn (XLPE) sMrab;ExSbNþajtg;süúgmFüm
nigExSeRsamEdleRsabeday XLPE b¤eRsabedayb:UlIvinIlkÚørY (PVC) sMrab;ExS
bNþajtg;süúgTab EdlRsbtamsarFatuénGuIsULgeRsabBIeRkAenaH .
13> ISO
ISO CaGkSrkat;énBaküInternational Organization for Standardization mann½yfa GgÁkarGnþrCati
sMrab;kargarsþg;da .
14> kareRbI;R)as;rYmKña
:kareRbIR)as;rYmKña : KWCal½kçx½NÐmYyEdlExSbNþajGKÁisnI nig¼b¤ExSbNþajKmnaKmn_m©as;2 b¤eRcInnak;
)antemøIgenAelIbegÁalEtmYy .
15> Gñkkan;GaCJab½NÑ
:Gñkkan;GaCJab½NÑ : mann½yfa GñkpÁt;pÁg;esvaGKÁisnIEdl G>G>k )anpþl;GaCJab½NÑ .
16> ExSbNþajtg;süúgTab
:ExSbNþajtg;süúgTab : mann½yfaExSbNþaj GKÁisnIEdlmantg;süúgminelIsBI 600v:ul .
17> ExSbNþajtg;süúgmFüm
:ExSbNþajtg;süúgmFüm : mann½yfaExSbNþajGKÁisnIEdlmantg;süúgx<s;Cag 600v:ul b:uEnþminelIsBI
35 KILÚv:ul .
18> RbB½n§bNþajCatibBa¢ÚnGKÁisnI :RbB½n§bNþajCatibBa¢ÚnGKÁisnI : mann½yfaRbBnÞ½bNþajtg;süúgx<s;
EdlCaq¥wgxñgénExSbNþajbBaÚ¢ntP¢ab;GnusßanIy_ nigmeFüa)ayBak;B½n§TaMgLay EdlmaneKalbMNg
bBa¢ÚnGKÁisnIdMu .
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19> tMbn;dac;Rsyal
tMbn;dac;Rsyal KWCatMbn;EdltRmUvkarGKÁisnImanTMhMtUc nigRbB½n§rbs;tMbn;enHBuMtP¢ab;eTARbB½n§epSgeTot.
20> GagTwk
:GagTwk : KWCaGagEdlrkSaTwkTukedayTMnb;mYyb¤ eRcIn b¤edaybrievNB½T§CMuvij. vamann½ypgEdrfa
CaTIkEnøgEdlTwkRtÚv)anrkSaTukkñúgbrimaNFM .
21> RTU
RTU KWCaGkSrkat;énBakü Remote Terminal Unit ¬]bkrN_bBa¢aBIcm¶ay¦ énRbB½n§ SCADA Edl
temøIgenAnwgmeFüa)ayGKÁisnINamYysMrab;eFVIkarRtÜtBinitüsßanPaBkarxUcxatdMeNIkar nigsMrab;bBa¢aBI
cm¶aykardMeNIkarmeFüa)ayGKÁisnIenaH.
22> SCADA
SCADA KWCaGkSrkat;énBakü Supervisory Control and Data Acquisition mann½yfa]bkrN_sMrab;
RtÜtBinitütamdan nigTTYlTinñn½y .
23> karP¢ab;esva
:karP¢ab;esva : KWkartP¢ab;TItaMgGñkeRbIR)as;GKÁisnINamYyCamYybNþajEckcayGKÁisnItg;süúgTab
edayExSeRsamcmøgGKÁisnI kñúgeKalbMNgpÁt;pÁg;GKÁisnI[GñkeRbIR)as;enaH .
24> kareRbIR)as;Ek,rKña
:kareRbIR)as;Ek,rKña : KWCal½kçx½NÐmYyEdlExSbNþajGKÁisnI nig¼b¤ExSbNþajKmnaKmn_rbs;
m©as;Et1RtÚvtemøIgenAelIbegÁalTRmmYy .
25> GnusßanIy
:GnusßanIy : KWCameFüa)ayGKÁisnIsMrab;bþÚrtg;süúg EdlkñúgenaHmanRtg;sVÚm:aT½r ]bkrN_karBarrnÞH
DIsSúgT½r Rbdab;pþac; ]bkrN_b:Utg;Esül Rtg;sVÚm:aT½rcrnþ r)atg;süúg RbB½n§rWeLkarBarsMrab;ExSbNþaj
GKÁisnIRBmTaMgbrikça nigRbdab; RTU sMrab;RbB½n§ SCADA, meFüa)ayTUrKmnaKmn_ .l.
26> begÁalTRm
:begÁalTRm : KWCarcnasm<½n§sMrab;RTExSbNþajGKÁisnI dUcCabegÁaleQI begÁalEdk begÁalebtug
nigbegÁalbMBg;Edkx<s;² .
27> sßanIyEbgEck
:sßanIyEbgEck : KWCameFüa)ayGKÁisnIsMrab;bþÚrkarpÁt;pÁg;GKÁisnI[ExSbNþaj EdlrYmmanRbdab;pþac;
DIsSúgT½r r)atg;süúg RbB½n§rWueLkarBar/ RTU sMrab;RbB½n§ SCADA .l.
28> sþg;dabec©keTs
sþg;dabec©keTs : mann½yfaCa sþg;dabec©keTsGKÁisnIkñúgRBHraCaNacRkkm<úCa.
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29> TItaMgGñkeRbIR)as; :TItaMgGñkeRbIR)as; : mann½yfa TIkEnøgEdleKtemøIgm:asIun briFan
nigeRKOgRbdab;epSgeTotsMrab;eRbIR)as;GKÁisnI .
30> pøÚvTwk
:pøÚvTwk : mann½yCaTUeTAfa RbLaynigeRKOgbnÞab;bnSMTaMgLaydUcCaTVarTwk nigsnÞ³biTebIk EdlnaM
crnþTwkbBa©ÚneTATYb‘ÍnnigbeBa©jvaeTAkñúgTenø nigbnþeTotedIm,IplitGKÁisnI. :pøÚvTwk : CaTUeTArYmpSMedayRckbgðÚr
TwkcUlGagTwkxagmuxRckbgðÚr RbB½n§naMTwkmunTYrb‘In eBagelIkkMBs;Twk b¤eBagCMrujTwk bMBg;naMTwk RbB½n§naMTwk
eRkayTYrb‘In Rckecj nigmeFüa)ay epSg²eTot .
EpñkTI 2
eKalbMNg visalPaB nigl½kçx½NÐkñúgkarGnuvtþn_
maRta 2 ³ eKalbMNg
l½kçx½NÐTUeTAénsþg;dabec©keTsGKÁisnIenH maneKalbMNgsMxan;² dUcxageRkam ³
1> kMNt;l½kçx½NÐbec©keTs l½kçx½NÐkñúgkarerobcM l½kçx½NÐkñúgkardMeNIrkarénmeFüa)ayGKÁisnI
karerobcMExSGKÁisnIkñúgeKhdæan nigbrikçaGKÁisnI .
2> Fana[bBaØtþiCamUldæansMrab;karpÁt;pÁg;GKÁisnImanPaByutþiFm’ nigminerIseGIgsMrab;GñkeRbIR)as;TaMgGs;
EdlmanRbePTdUcKña/ nig
3> rkSakMritsþg;dabec©keTsénmeFüa)ayGKÁisnI karerobcMExSGKÁisnIkñúgeKhdæan nigbrikçaGKÁisnIEdltemøIg
enAkñúgRBHraCaNacRkkm<úCa .
maRta 3 ³ visalPaB
l½kçx½NÐTUeTAénsþg;dabec©keTsGKÁisnIenHman visalPaBelImeFüa)ayGKÁisnI karerobcMExSGKÁisnI
kñúgeKhdæan nigbrikçaGKÁisnITaMgGs;enAkñúgRBHraCaNacRkkm<úCa elIkElgEtmeFüa)ayGKÁisnITaMgLay
dUcxageRkam ³
1> brikçaGKÁisnIEdltemøIgkñúgynþehaH nava rfePøIg nigyanCMniH
2> brikçaGKÁisnIeRbIR)as;tg;süúgTabCag 30v:ul crnþqøas;b¤crnþCab; EdlmintP¢ab;eTAnwgmeFüa)ay
GKÁisnItg;süúg 30v:ul b¤elIs
3> meFüa)ayKmnaKmn_ eRkABImeFüa)ayKmnaKmn_sMrab;dMeNIkarRbB½n§GKÁisnI .
4> meFüa)ayGKÁisnIeTAtMbn;dac;Rsyal .
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maRta 4 ³ l½kçx½NÐkñúgkarGnuvtþn_
4>1 yutþaFikar
buKÁlTaMgGs; EdlBak;B½n§nwgkarpÁt;pÁg;GKÁisnI kargarGKÁisnI karRbIR)as;GKÁisnI karplitmeFüa)ay
GKÁisnI karlk;dUrmeFüa)ayGKÁisnIenAkñúgRBHraCaNacRkkm<úCaRtÚvEteKarB[)anhμt;ct;taml½kçx½NÐ
TUeTAénsþg;dabec©keTsGKÁisnIenH . l½kçx½NÐTUeTAénsþg;dabec©keTsenH minGacelIkElgkarkMNt;
Bak;B½n§NamYy EdlmanEcgenAkñúgmaRtaénc,ab; nigbTb,BaØtþiepSg²)aneLIy eTaHbICabBaðaenaHminmanEcg
enAkñúgl½kçx½NÐTUeTAénsþg;dabec©keTsenHk¾eday .
4>2 karRbúgRby½tñEdlRtÚvykcitþTukdak;cMeBaHKMeragGKÁisnI
1> kñúgkarerobcMEpnkarénKMeragGKÁisnI karsikSasmiT§ilT§PaB RtÚveFVIenAkñúgTsSn³énckçúvis½yyUrGEgVg
elInirnþPaBbec©keTs esdækic© nig hirBaØvtßú ehIynigGacTTYlyk)anedaysgÁm .
2> kñúgkarerobcMKMerag karplit karpÁúM nigkar pÁt;pÁg;meFüa)ayGKÁisnI meFüa)ayTaMgenHRtÚvEtGac
dMeNIrkar[)antamlT§PaBkMNt;sMrab;ry³eBlEvg . ehtudUecñHRtÚvEtRbúgRby½tñx<s;kñúgkareRCIs
erIssMPar³ emKuNsuvtßiPaB PaBRsÜldMeNIrkar RsÜledaH b¤pÁMúenAkñúgeBlEfTaM nigCYsCul .
3> kñúgkartemøIgmeFüa)ayGKÁisnI nigbrikçaGKÁisnI nigkñúgkarsagsg;meFüa)ayGKÁisnIRtÚvEtRbúgRby½tñ
x<s;kñúgkareRCIserIssMPar³ karRKb;RKgkargarsagsg;kñúgry³eBlsagsg; .
4> kñúgdMeNIrkar nigkarEfTaMmeFüa)ayGKÁisnIRtÚvEtRbúgRby½tñx<s;kñúgkarrkSa[)annUvTinñpl Edl)an
tRmÚvénmeFüa)ayGKÁisnIsMrab;ry³eBlEvg nigRtÚvkarBarbrisßanenAtMbn;Cu¿vij[)anRbesIr .
5> enAkñúgkarbBaÄb;dMeNIrkarmeFüa)ayGKÁisnI RtÚvykcitþTukdak;RbúgRby½tñx<s;cMeBaHbBaðabrisßan nig
sgÁmenAeRkayeBlbBaÄb;dMeNIrkar .
4>3 Gñkkan;GaCJab½NÑnImYy²RtÚveRbIR)as;visVkr b¤Gñkbec©keTsGKÁisnIEdlmansmtßPaBsmRsb edIm,I
emIlxusRtÚvkarRKb;RKg kardMeNIrkar karEfTaM karCYsCulmeFüa)ayGKÁisnI Rsbtaml½kçx½NÐ
énsþg;dabec©keTs nigbTb,BaØtþiepSg²eTot .
4>4 kargarGKÁisnI dUcCakarerobcMExSbNþajGKÁisnIkñúgeKhdæan kartExSkab kartemøIgbrikçaGKÁisnI
RtÚvEteFVIeLIgedayGñkbec©keTsGKÁisnIEdlmansmtßPaB . kic©karTaMgenHRtÚvEteFIV[)anRsbtamkar
kMNt;kñúgsþg;dabec©keTs .
maRta 5 ³ GnþrbBaØtþi
1> meFüa)ayGKÁisnImanRsab; Edlminb:HBal;dl;karrs;enArbs;mnusS stV rukçCatiGacGnuBaØat
[dMeNIrkarbnþeTotrhUtdl;eBlEdlvaRtÚverobcMCafμI b¤RtÚvpøas;bþÚr .
2> meFüa)ayGKÁisnImanRsab; Edlb:HBal;dl;karrs;enArbs;mnusS stV rukçCati RtÚvEtEklMG
[Rsbtaml½kçx½NÐTUeTAénsþg;dabec©keTskñúgry³eBl 2qñaM .
12
EpñkTI 3
KuNPaBGKÁisnI
6-1 sþg;datg;süúg
tg;süúgéncrnþqøas;RtÚvGnuvtþtamtaragxageRkam³
cMNat;fñak; Ednéntg;süúg tg;süúg tg;süúg
tg;süúg NUmINal; NUmINal; Gtibrima
600v:ul
tg;süúgTab 230¼400v:ul
b¤tUcCag
FMCag 600v:ul
tg;süúgmFüm 35KILÚv:ul 22KILÚv:ul 24KILÚv:ul
b¤ tUcCag
FMCag 115KILÚv:ul 123KILÚv:ul

tg;süúgx<s;
35KILÚvu:l 230KILÚvlu: 245KILÚvlu:
kñúgkrNIEdlkarGPivDÆn_vis½yGKÁisnIenAkñúgRBHraCaNacRkkm<úCa mantRmÚvkarcaM)ac;kñúgkareRbIR)as;tg;süúg
NUmINal;NamYyEdlBuMmankMNt;kñúgtaragxagelI RksYg]sSahkmμ Er: nigfamBl GacecjRbkas[eRbIR)as;
tg;süúgNUmINal;enaHedayELk .
6>2 karERbRbÜléntg;süúg
tg;süúgcrnþqøas;enAcMNucpÁt;pÁg;tg;süúgTab RtÚvEtrkSa[)anRsbeTAtamtémøEdlkMNt;kñúgtaragxageRkam
tamkMrittg;süúgNUmINal;énRbB½n§ ³
tg;süúgNUmINal;RbB½n§ témøEdlRtÚvrkSa[)an
kñúgcenøaHBI 207v:ul
230v:ul
dl; 253v:ul
400v:ul
dl; 440v:ul
maRta 7 ³ eRhVkg;
CaRbcaMeRhVkg;KW 50EG‘kS . karERbRbÜleRhVkg;RtÚv sßitenAkñúgcenøaHBI 49>5 EG‘kS eTA 50>5 EG‘kS .
maRta 8 ³ nirnþrPaBénkarpÁt;pÁg;GKÁisnI
1> karpÁt;pÁg;GKÁisnIRtÚvmannirnþrPaBRsbtambTb,BaØtþisþIBIl½kçx½NçTUeTAénkarpÁt;pÁg;GKÁisnIkñúgRBHraCaNacRk
km<úCa EdlecjedayGaCJaFrGKÁisnIkm<úCa .
13
2> kñúgkrNImankarpþac;crnþ karxUcRbB½n§GKÁisnI b¤kardac;crnþGKÁisnI Gñkkan;GaCJab½NÑTaMgGs;RtÚvEt
RbwgERbg[Gs;lT§PaB edIm,IFanal½kçx½NÐFmμtasMrab;nirnþrPaBénkarpÁt;pÁg;GKÁisnI .
EpñkTI 4
karbgáareRKaHmhnþrayGKÁisnI
brikçaGKÁisnIRtÚvEttemøIgtamrebobEdlminbNþal[mankarqk;GKÁisnI GKÁiP½y nigeRKaHfñak;déTeTot .
maRta 10 ³ karbgáareRKaHfñak;bNþalmkBI meFüa)ayGKÁisnI
meFüa)ayGKÁisnI RtÚvtemøIgedaymanviFankarN_karBarRtwmRtÚv min[GñkdMeNIrkarb:HBal;dl;Epñkman
crnþ EpñkEdlekþA nigEpñkEdlmaneRKaHfñak;déTeTotrbs;va ehIynwgmin[GñkdMeNIrkarGacFøak;BIelImeFüa)ay
TaMgenaHedayécdnü .
maRta 11 ³ suvtßiPaBcMeBaHCnTI3
1> RtÚvmanviFankarN_smRsb edIm,ITb;sáat;CnTI3 min[cUleTAkñúgbrievNeragcRkGKÁisnI GnusßanIy
nigsßanIyEbgEckGKÁisnI .
2> RtÚvmanviFankarN_smRsb edIm,IbgáarCnTI3 min[eLIgeTAelIbegÁalRTExSbNþajGakasGKÁisnI.
maRta 12 ³ karbgáarkarxUcmeFüa)ayGKÁisnI edayeRKaHFmμCati
RtÚvmanviFankarsmRsb edIm,IIbgáarmeFüa)ayGKÁisnImin[xUcedayeRKaHFmμCatiEdl)anBüakrN_TukCamun
dUcCa TwkCMnn; rnÞH rB¢ÜaydI nigxül;bk;xøaMg .
EpñkTI 5
karbgáarmin[dac;crnþGKÁisnI
1> enAeBlmeFüa)ayplitGKÁisnINamYyxUcF¶n;F¶r meFüa)ayplitkmμenaHRtÚvEtpþac;ecjBIRbB½n§GKÁisnI edIm,I
[\T§iBlénkarxUcrbs;vaeTAelIRbB½n§GacmankMrittictYcbMput ehIyEdlRbB½n§enaHGacmanlT§PaBenAbnþ
dMeNIrkarCaFmμta .
14
2> enAeBlmankMhUcRbB½n§GKÁisnIekIteLIgkñúgRbB½n§tP¢ab;CamYymeFüa)ayplitkmμGKÁisnINamYy kMBugplit
[RbB½n§enaH meFüa)ayplitkmμGKÁisnIenaHRtÚvEtpþac;ecjBIRbB½n§Pøam edIm,I[ehSenr:aT½rrbs;va
dMeNIrkarbnþeTotedayKμanbnÞúk edIm,Irg;caMkarEksMrYlkMhUcrbs;RbB½n§eLIgvij .
3> enAeBlEdlmankMhUcekIteLIgehIyb:HBal;dl;ExSbNþajGKÁisnI tMbn;EdlRtÚvpþac;crnþRtÚvbnßy[enAcMnYn
tictYcbMput edaykat;pþac;EtEpñkNaEdlmanbBaða b¤ eRbIviFIsmRsbdéTeTotEdlGacGnuvtþ)an.
EpñkTI 6
karrkSabrisßan
maRta 14 ³ l½kçx½NÐeKarBsþg;dabrisßan
edIm,IbgáarkuM[mankarbMBulbrisßan meFüa)ayGKÁisnIRtÚvEtsmRsbeTAtamc,ab; nigbTb,BaØtþibrisßannana

enAkñúgRBHraCaNacRkkm<úCa .
15
CMBUkTI 2
l½kçx½NÐTUeTAsMrab;
meFüa)ayGKÁisnI
16
EpñkTI 1
l½kçx½NÐTUeTArYm
meFüa)ayGKÁisnI karerobcMExSGKÁisnIkñúgeKhdæan nigbrikçaGKÁisnIRtÚveKarBtamsþg;dabec©keTsGKÁisnIén
RBHraCaNacRkkm<úCa . kñúgkrNIEdlbBaðaNamYy minmanEcgkñúgsþg;dabec©keTsenHeT RtÚveKarBtamsþg;da
IEC . RbsinebIbBaðaenHminmankMNt;enAkñúgsþg;da IEC eT eBlenaHRtÚveKarBtamsþg;da ISO . Rbsin
ebIbBaðaenHenAEtminmankMNt;enAkñúgsþg;da ISO eTenaH eBlenaHRtÚveKarBtamsþg;daNamYy EdlmankarTTYl
sÁal;CaGnþrCatikñúgl½kçx½NÐEdlmankaryl;RBmBIGaCJaFrGKÁisnIkm<úCa .
1> meFüa)ayGKÁisnIIRtÚvEtzitefrsMrab;kareRbIR)as;RbkbedayRbsiT§PaB nigsßirPaBkñúgry³eBlEvg .
2> kñúgkarBinitüerobcMmeFüa)ayGKÁisnII kñúgkareRCIserIssMPar³ kñúgkarpÁúM nigkartemøIgbrikçarEdlBak;B½n§
RtÚvføwgEføgemKuNsuvtißPaBsmRsb edIm,ITb;Tl;nwgsPaBtantwg EdlGacRbemIlTukCamun dUcCasPaB
tantwgedaykMedA sPaBtantwgedayemkanic KuNPaBGIusULg; .
3> edIm,IFanakarpÁt;pÁg;GKÁisnIsMrab;ry³eBlEvg RtÚvEtmanKMnUsbøg;caM)ac;nana kMNt;RtaénkartemøIg
k,Ünbec©keTs esovePAENnaMkMNt;RtakardMeNIrkar EdlcaM)ac;sMrab;kargarEfTaMbrikçaGKÁisnI
[)anRtwmRtÚv .
1> brikçaGKÁisnInImYy²RtÚvEtmanP¢ab;ExSdI b¤manviFankarN_smRsbdéTeTot edIm,Ibgáarkarqk;GKÁisnI
eRKaHfñak;cMeBaHxøÜnR)aNmnusS GKÁiP½y nig]bs½KÁdéTeTotcMeBaHvtßúnana .
2> karP¢ab;ExSdIsMrab;brikçaGKÁisnI RtÚvtemøIgya:gNa[crnþrt;cUleTAkñúgdI)anedayRsYl nigBMubgáeRKaHfñak;.
maRta 18 ³ kartP¢ab;ExScMlg
ExScMlgRtÚvtP¢ab;KñatamviFIdUcxageRkam ³
1> ExScMlgRtÚvtP¢ab;Kña[)anCab;ENnl¥ ehIyer:sIusþg;rbs;ExScMlgEdltrYcminRtÚvekIneLIgelIsBI
er:sIusþg; kñúgkrNIBMumankartP¢ab;eLIy .
2> RtÚveFVIya:gNamin[smtßPaBGIusULg;rbs;ExSkab nigExSeRsamfycuHTabCagsmtßPaBGuIsULg; kñúgkrNI
BMumankartP¢ab;eLIy .
3> kñúgkartP¢ab;ExScMlgEdlplitBIvtßúFatuxusKña RtÚveFVIya:gNamin[ekItmaneRcHeGLicRtÚKImIeLIy .
17
edIm,IFanakarpÁt;pÁg;GKÁisnI[)anRbesIr RtÚvEtmanRbB½n§KmnaKmn_caM)ac;sMrab;TMnak;TMngkñúgkargarpÁt;pÁg; .
naLikasÞg;GKÁisnIRtÚvmanPaBRtwmRtÚv yutþuiFm’ nigsmFm’ . PaBRtwmRtÚvénnaLikasÞg;CaTUeTARtÚvmanlkçN³
dUcxageRkam ³
1> cMeBaHnaLikasÞg;eGLicRtÚemkanic
RbePTGtifiCn fñak;
GtifiCntg;süúgx<s; 0>5
GtifiCntg;süúgmFüm 1>0
GtifiCntg;süúgTab 2>0
 kMritel¥ógénfñak;nImYy²RtÚvGnuvtþtamsþg;da IEC
2> naLikasÞg;eGLicRtÚnic
18
EpñkTI 2
l½kçx½NÐTUeTAcMeBaHmeFüa)ayplitkmμ]NðGKÁisnI
maRta 21 ³ LcMhay nigeRKOgbnÞab;bnSMrbs;va
21>1 vtßúFatusMrab;LcMhaynigeRKOgbnÞab;bnSMrbs;va
qñaMg nigbMBg;rbs;LcMhay qñaMgbegáInkMedAxøaMg nigqñaMgpÞúkcMhayRBmTaMgeRKOgbnÞab;bnSMrbs;va
EpñkTaMgLayEdlBak;B½n§nwgkarrgsMBaFxagkñúgx<s;Cag 0kg/cm ¬cab;BIenHeTAehAfa EpñkrgsMBaF¦ RtÚveFVIBI
2
vtßúFatuEdlmankmøaMgemkanicRKb;RKan; nigmanlMnwgKImIRKb;RKan;enAeRkamsItuNðPaB nigsMBaFeFIVkarGtibrma .

21>2 rcnasm½<n§rbs;LcMhaynigeRKOgbnÞab;bnSMrbs;;va
EpñkrgsMBaFrbs;qñaMg nigbMBg;rbs;LcMhay RtÚvmankMritsuvtßiPaBRKb;RKan; Tb;Tl;nwgPaBtantwg
GtibrmaeRkaml½kçx½NÐsItuNðPaB b¤sMBaFeFVIkarGtibrma . kñúgkrNIenHPaBtantwgminRtÚv[elIsBIkMrit
GnuBaØatrbs;vtßúFatueLIy .
21>3 snÞHbiTebIksMrab;suvtßiPaB
qñaMgnigbMBg;rbs;LcMhay EdlGacrgnwgsMBaFhYskMrit RtÚvEtbMBak;nUvsnÞHbiTebIksuvtßiPaB edIm,Ibn§Úr
sMBaF .
21>4 RbB½n§pþl;Twk
1> RbB½n§pþl;TwkRtÚvmanlT§PaBGacecosvagkarxUcedaysarkMedABILcMhay kñúgsßanPaBmankarbeBa©j
cMhayGtibrma .
2> edIm,Iecosvagl½kçx½NÐminRbRktIelIRbB½n§pþl;TwkénLcMhay LcMhayRtÚvEtbMBak;nUvRbB½n§pþl;TwkbMrug.
21>5 karbiTcMhaynigTwkEdlpþl;
1> RckecjcMhayénLcMhay RtÚvEtGacbiTcMhay)an .
2> Rckpþl;TwkénLcMhay RtÚvEtGacbiT)anedaysV½yRbvtiþ nigy:agCit .
21>6 Rbdab;bgðÚrecalsMrab;LcMhay
kñúgkrNIénLcMhayTwkvil RtÚvbMBak;Rbdab;bgðÚrecalEdlkarBarkMNkMeTc nigedIm,IrkSakMritkMBs;Twk .
21>7 RbB½n§RtÜtemIlnigpþl;sBaØa
LcMhaynigeRKOgbnÞab;bnSM RtÚvbMBak;nUvRbB½n§RtÜtemIl edIm,IRtÜtemIll½kçx½NÐdMeNIrkar nigRtÚvbMBak;nUv
RbB½n§pþl;sBaØaedIm,IkarBarkarxUcLcMhay nigeRKÓgbnÞab;bnSMrbs;va .
maRta 22 ³ TYb‘ÍncMhay nigeRKOgbnÞab;bnSM rbs;va

22>1 vtßúFatusMrab;TYb‘ÍncMhaynigeRKOgbnÞab;bnSMrbs;va
sIuLaMg qñaMg nigbMBg;rbs;TYb‘ÍncMhay nigeRKOgbnÞab;bnSMrbs;va RBmTaMgEpñkEdlrgsMBaF RtÚvEteFVIBI
vtßúFatuEdlmankmøaMgemkanic nigmanlMnwgKImIRKb;RKan; enAeRkamsItuNðPaB nigsMBaFeFVIkarGtibrma .
19
22>2 rcnasm½<n§rbs;TYb‘ÍncMhay nigeRKOgbnÞab;bnSMrbs;va
1> rcnasm½<n§rbs;TYb‘ÍncMhayRtÚvmankmøaMgemkanicRKb;RKan; eTaHCakñúgeBlEdlTYb‘ÍndMeNIrkarkñúg
el,ÓnmYyEdlTYb‘ÍncMhayrt;dl; kñúg eBlRbdab;bBa¢ael,ÓneBlmanGasnñeFVI skmμPaBk¾eday .
2> rcnasm½<n§rbs;TYb‘ÍncMhay RtÚvmankmøaMgemkanicRKb;RKan;Tb;Tl;nwgTMhMGtibrmaénrMj½r EdlekIteLIg
enAelI)a:dagem nigsñÚlvil .
3> )a:dagénTYb‘ÍncMhayRtÚvmanTMrg;sMNg;y:agNa GacRTbnÞúkedayesßrPaBkñúgeBldMeNIrkar nigmin
RtÚvqab;swkricrwl nigxUcRTg;RTayxusRbRktI RBmTaMgekþAhYskMNt;enaHeT .
4> el,Ónx<s;bMputrbs;TYb‘ÍncMhay nig¼b¤P¢ab;CamYyehSenr:aT½r b¤r:UT½rEdlenAelIsñÚlvilCamYyKñamin
RtÚvCael,ÓnenAcenøaHel,ÓnGb,brmaénRbdab;bBa¢ael,Ón nigel,ÓnGtibrma Edlmanrbs;Rbdab;
bBa¢ael,ÓnkñúgeBlmanGasnñeLIy . eTaHCay:agenHk¾eday krNIenHGacelIkElg)an RbsinebI
)anerobcMnUvviFankarRKb;RKan;Tb;sáat;Tl;nwgrMj½rénel,Ónx<s;bMputkñúgeBldMeNIrkarrbs;TYb‘Ín .
5> EpñkrgsMBaF nigeRKOgbnÞab;bnSMrbs;va RtÚvmankMritsuvtßiPaBRKb;RKan;Tl;nwgPaBtantwgGtibrma
eRkamsItuNðPaBnigsMBaFeFIVkarGtibrma . enAkñúgkrNIenH PaBtantwgminRtÚv[elIsBIPaBtantwg
EdlGacGnuBaØati)anrbs;vtßúFatuenaHeT .
22>3 Rbdab;bBa¢ael,Ón
TYb‘ÍncMhayRtÚvbMBak;nUvRbdab;;mYysMrab;EktRmÚvcMhaycUleTAkñúgTYb‘ÍnedaysV½yRbvtþi edIm,ITb;sáat;el,Ón
nigfamBlbeBa©jrbs;vakMu[ERbRbÜl\tQb;Qr eTaHbIkñúgkrNImankarpøas;buþÚrl½kçx½NÐbnÞúkk¾eday .
Rbdab;;EktRmÚvcMhaycUleTAkñúgTYb‘ÍnedaysV½yRbvtiþenH RtÚvmanlT§PaBrkSael,ÓnTYb‘Ín[TabCagGRta
Edlel,Ónrbs;Rbdab;bBa¢ael,Ón enARKamanGasnñGacdMeNIrkar)an eRkayeBlmankarkat;pþac;bnÞúk
Edl)ankMNt; .
22>4 Rbdab;bBaÄb;enARKaGasnñ nigRbdab;pþl;sBaØa
1> TYb‘ÍncMhay RtÚvEtbMBak;nUvRbdab;pþl;sBaØa Edlmanmuxgarpþl;sBaØaenAeBlTMhMénrMj½r RtÚv)anrk
eXIjfahYsBITMhMGnuBaØati kñúgeBldMeNIrkarrbs;TYb‘Ín .
2> edIm,IecosvageRKaHfñak;ekIteLIgedaysarel,ÓnhYskMNt; b¤l½kçx½NÐminRbRktIepSgeTot kñúgeBl
dMeNIrkarrbs;TYb‘ÍncMhay TYb‘ÍncMhayRtÚvEtbMBak;nUvRbdab;mYy Edlkat;pþac;lMhUrcUléncMhay
edaysV½yRbvtiþ nigRbdab;bBaÄb;enARKaGasnñmYy EdlbBa¢aedayéd . enAeBlRbdab;bBaÄb;
enARKaGasnñxagelIdMeNIrkar eBlenaHsBaØabBaÄb;RKaGasnñRtÚvEteFVIkarpgEdr .
22>5 Rbdab;karBarsMBaFelIs
TYb‘ÍncMhaynigeRKOgbnÞab;bnSMrbs;vaEdlGacrgsMBaFelIs RtÚvEtbMBak;nUvRbdab;karBarsMBaFelIs
edIm,Ibn§ÚrsMBaF .
20
22>6 RbB½n§RtÜtemIl nigRbB½n§pþl;sBaØa
TYb‘ÍncMhaynigeRKOgbnÞab;bnSMrbs;vaRtÚvEtbMBak;nUvRbB½n§RtÜtemIlcaM)ac; edIm,IRtÜtemIll½kçx½NÐdMeNIrkar
nigRbB½n§pþl;sBaØacaM)ac;edIm,ITb;sáat;karxUcxaténTYb‘ÍncMhay nigeRKOgbnÞab;bnSMrbs;vakñúgeBldMeNIrkar.
maRta 23 ³ TYb‘Ín]sμ½nnigeRKOgbnÞab;bnSMrbs;va
23>1 vtßúFatusMrab;TYb‘Ín]sμ½n nigeRKOgbnÞab;bnSMrbs;va
cMeBaHsIuLaMg qñaMg nigbMBg;rbs;TYb‘Ín]sμ½n nigeRKOgbnÞab;bnSMrbs;va EpñkrgsMBaFRtÚvEtplitedayvtßúFatu
EdlmankMlaMgemkanicrwgmaMRKb;RKan; nigmanlMnwgKImIRKb;RKan;eRkamsItuNðPaB nigsMBaFeFIVkarGtibrma .
23>2 rcnasm½<n§rbs;TYb‘Ín]sμ½n nigeRKOgbnÞab;bnSMrbs;va
1> rcnasm<½n§rbs;TYb‘Ín]sμ½nRtÚvmankMlaMgemkanicrwgmaMRKb;RKan; eTaHkñúgeBldMeNIrkarkñúgel,ÓgmYy
EdlTYb‘Ín]sμ½n)anrt;dl; enAeBlRbdab;bBa¢ael,ÓnRKamanGasnñ)aneFVIskmμPaBk¾eday .
2> rcnasm<½n§rbs;TYb‘Ín]sμ½nRtÚvmankMlaMgemkanicrwgmaMRKb;RKan;Tb;Tl;nwgTMhMGtibrmaénrMj½r EdlekIt
eLIgenAelI)a:dagem nigsñÚlvil .
3> )a:dagrbs;TYb‘Ín]sμ½nRtÚvmansMNg;EdlGacRTbnÞúk)anedayesßrPaBkñúgeBldMeNIrkar nigminRtÚvqab;
swkric nigxUcRTg;RTayxusRbRktI RBmTaMgekþAhYskMNt;enaHeT .
4> el,Ónx<s;bMputrbs;TYb‘Ín]sμ½n nig¼b¤ehSenr:aT½rb¤r:UT½r EdlP¢ab;enAelIsñÚlvilCamYyKñaminRtÚvCael,On
mYykñúgcenøaHel,ÓnGb,brmarbs;Rbdab;bBa¢ael,Ón nigel,ÓnGtibrma EdlGacekItmanénRbdab;bBa¢a
el,ÓnenARKaGasnñenaHeT . eTaHCay:agenHk¾eday krNIenHGacelIkElg)an RbsinebI)anerobcM
nUvviFankarN_RKb;RKan;Tb;sáat;Tl;nwgrMj½rénel,Ónx<s;bMputkñúgeBldMeNIrkarrbs;TYb‘Ín .
5> EpñkrgsMBaF nigeRKÓgbnÞab;bnSMrbs;vaEdlCarbs;TYb‘Ín]sμ½n RtÚvmankMritsuvtßiPaBRKb;RKan;Tl;nwg
PaBtantwgGtibrmaeRkamsItuNðPaB nigsMBaFeFIVkarGtibrma . enAkñúgkrNIenHPaBtantwg
minRtÚvelIsBIPaBtantwgEdlGnuBaØatrbs;vtßúFatuenaHeT .
TYb‘Ín]sμ½nRtÚvEtbMBak;Rbdab;EktRmÚvedaysV½yRbvtiþnÚvfamBlEdlRtÚvcUleTAkñúgTYb‘Ín]sμ½n edIm,IkarBar
el,Ón nigfamBlbeBa©jrbs;vakMu[mankarERbRbÜl\tQb;Qr eTaHCakñúgkrNImankarpøas;bþÚr
l½kçx½NÐbnÞúkk¾eday . Rbdab;EktRmÚvedaysV½yRbvtiþnUvfamBlcUleTAkñúgTYb‘Ín]sμ½nenH RtÚvmanlT§PaB
rkSael,ÓnTYb‘Ín[TabCagGRtaEdlel,Ónrbs;Rbdab;bBa¢ael,ÓenARKamanGasnñ)andMeNIrkar eRkayeBl
mankarkat;pþac;GRtabnÞúk .
23>4 Rbdab;bBaÄb;RKamanGasnñ nigRbdab;pþl;sBaØa
1> TYb‘Ín]sμ½nRtÚvEtbMBak;nUvRbdab;pþl;sBaØa Edlmanmuxgarpþl;sBaØaenAeBlkMritrMj½rRtÚvBinitüeXIjfa
hYsBIkMritGnuBaØatkñúgeBldMeNIrkarrbs;TYb‘Ín]sμ½n .
21
2> edIm,IecosvageRKaHfñak;ekIteLIgedayel,ÓnhYskMNt; b¤l½kçx½NÐminRbRktIdéTeTotkñúgeBldMeNIrkar
rbs;TYb‘Ín]sμ½n TYb‘Ín]sμ½nRtÚvEtbMBak;nUvRbdab;EdlGackat;pþac;edays½VyRbvtiþnUvlMhUrcUlén]sμ½n
nigRbdab;bBaÄb;RKamanGasnñmYyEdlbBa¢aedayéd. enAeBlRbdab;bBaÄb;RKamanGasnñmYyxag
elIdMeNIrkar eBlenaHsBaØabBaÄb;RKamanGasnñRtÚvEteFVIskmμPaBEdr .
TYb‘Ín]sμ½nnigeRKOgbnÞab;bnSMrbs;va EdlGacekItmansMBaFelIs RtÚvEtbMBak;nUvRbdab;karBarsMBaFelIs
edIm,Ibn§ÚrsMBaF .
TYb‘Ín]sμ½nnigeRKOgbnÞab;bnSMrbs;va RtÚvEtbMBak;edayRbB½n§RtÜtemIlcaM)ac; edIm,IRtÜtemIll½kçx½NÐ
dMeNIrkar nigRbB½n§pþl;sBaØacaM)ac; edIm,IbgákarxUcbs;TYb‘Ín]sμ½n nigeRKÓgbnÞab;bnSMrbs;vakñúgeBl
dMeNIrkar .
maRta 24 ³ ma:sIuncMehHkñúg ¬ma:sIuneRbIBIsþúgruj RcaneTAmk¦ nigeRKÓgbnÞab;bnSM rbs;va
24>1 vtßúFatusMrab;ma:sIuncMehHkñúg nigeRKÓgbnÞab;bnSMrbs;va
sIuLaMg qñaMg nigbMBg;rbs;ma:sIuncMehHkñúg nigeRKÓgbnÞab;bnSMrbs;va RBmTaMgEpñkEdlrgsMBaFRtÚveFVIBI
vtßúFatuEdlmankMlaMgemkanicmaMRKb;RKan; nigmanlMnwgKImIRKb;RKan;enAeRkamsItuNðPaB nigsMBaF
eFVIkarGtibrma .
24>2 rcnasm½<n§énma:sIuncMehHkñúg nigeRKÓgbnÞab;bnSMrbs;va
1> ma:sIuncMehHkñúg RtÚvmankMlaMgemkanicmaMRKb;RKan; eTaHkñúgeBlvadMeNIrkarkñúgel,ÓnEdlma:sIuncMehH
kñúgrt;dl;eBlRbdab;bBa¢ael,ÓnRKamanGasnñ)aneFVIskmμPaBk¾eday .
2> )a:dagrbs;ma:sIunRtÚvmanrcnasm½<n§EdlGacRTbnÞúk)anedayesßrPaBkñúgeBldMeNIrkar ehIyminRtÚv
qab;swkric nigxUcRTg;RTayxusRbRktI RBmTaMgekþAhYskMNt;enaHeT .
3> EpñkrgsMBaFnigeRKÓgbnÞab;bnSMrbs;vaEdlCarbs;ma:sIun RtÚvmankMritsuvtßiPaBRKb;RKan;Tb;Tl;nwgPaB
tantwgGtibrmaeRkamsItuNðPaB nigsMBaFeFVIkarGtibrma . kñúgkrNIenHPaBtantwgminRtÚvelIs
BIPaBtantwgGnuBaØat)anrbs;vtßúFatuenaHeT .
m:;asIunRtÚvEtbMBak;Rbdab;EktRmÚvedaysV½yRbvtiþnUvfamBlcUleTAkñúgm:asIunedIm,IrkSael,Ón nigfamBl
beBa©jrbs;vakMu[mankarERbRbÜl\tQb;QreTaHCakñúgkrNImankarpøas;bþÚrl½kçx½NÐbnÞúkk¾eday .
24>4 Rbdab;bBaÄb;eBlmanGasnñ
edIm,IecosvageRKaHfñak;ekIteLIgedayel,ÓnhYskMNt; b¤l½kçx½NÐminRbRktIepSgeTotkñúgeBldMeNIrkar
ma:sIunRtÚvbMBak;nUvRbdab;kat;pþac;lMhUrcUléneRbg\nÞn³edays½VyRbvtþi nigRbdab;bBaÄb;RKamanGasnñ
mYyEdlbBa¢aedayéd . enAeBlRbdab;bBaÄb;RKamanGasnñxagelI RtÚv)anbBa¢a[eFVIskmμPaB
sBaØabBaÄb;RKamanGasnñ RtÚvEteFVIskmμPaBeLIgEdr .
22
ma:sIunnigeRKÓgbnÞab;bnSMrbs;va EdlGacrgsMBaFelIsRtÚvEtbMBak;nUvRbdab;karBarsMBaFelIs edIm,Ibn§Úr
sMBaF .
ma:sIunRtÚvEtbMBak;nUvRbB½n§RtÜtemIlcaM)ac; edIm,IRtÜtemIll½kçx½NÐdMeNIrkar nigbMBak;nUvRbB½n§pþl;sBaØa
caM)ac;edIm,IkarBarkarxUcma:sIun nigeRKÓgbnÞab;bnSMrbs;vakñúgeBldMeNIrkar .
maRta 25 ³ TYb‘Ín]sμ½neRbIkMedAsl;mþgeTot nigeRKOgbnÞab;bnSMrbs;va
TYb‘Ín]sμ½neRbIkMedAsl;mþgeTot nigeRKOgbnÞab;bnSMrbs;vaRtÚverobcMplitsagsg; nigdMeNIrkarRsbtam
maRta 21 22 nig 23 xagelI .
EpñkTI 3
l½kçx½NÐTUeTAcMeBaHmeFüa)ayplitkmμvarIGKÁisnI
maRta 26 ³ TMnb; pøÚvTwk eragma:sunI GKÁisnI nigeRKOgbnÞab;bnSMepSgeTot
26>1 karbgáarkarehorTwkecjtamE;pñkEdlminRtÚvehor énTMnb;
TMnb;nImYy²RtÚvbMBak;BIelI b¤Ek,rtYrbs;vanUvpøÚvbegðórmYyEdlGacbgðÚrecjedaysuvtßiPaB nigKμaneRKaHfñak;
nUvbrimaNTwkEdlmanelIsBIkareRKagTuk ehIytYTMnb;nImYy²RtÚvmanr)aMgRKb;RKan;mYysMrab;bgáarkarehor
TwkecjtamEpñk EdlminRtÚvehorénTMnb;edIm,IsuvtßiPaBrbs;TMnb; .
26>2 lMnwgrbs;TMnb;
1> tYTMnb; nigtYTMnb;EdlbMeBjEfmRtÚvEtmanlMnwg cMeBaHkarrGilecj RkLab; RBmTaMgmanPaBmaM
nigCab;)anyUr .
2> RKwHénTMnb; nigkEnøgtP¢ab;rvagtYTMnb; nigRKwHrbs;vaRtÚvEtmanlMnwgcMeBaHkarrGilecj ehIyRtÚvman
PaBmaMtamkartRmÚv .
26>3 karbgáarkarxUcTMnb;edaykarRCabTwk
1> RKwHTMnb; RtÚveFVI[)anhab;ENnl¥minRCabTwk ehIyminRtÚvmankarRCabTwkenARKwHTMnb;eLIy
2> tYTMnb;RtÚvmanPaBhab;ENnl¥minRCabTwk . minRtÚvBUndIelIsenAeRkamtYTMnb;ebtugeT . minRtÚv
beNþay[mankarRCabTwkenAtYTMnb; EdlbMeBjbEnßmeLIy .
3> minRtÚvbeNþay[mankarRCabTwkekIteLIgenAkEnøgtP¢ab;KñarvagtYTMnb; nigRKwHrbs;vaeLIy .
23
26>4 karbgáarkarxUcRTg;RTayF¶n;F¶rnigkareRbHénTMnb;
1> RKwHTMnb;RtÚvEtmansmtßPaBRTTMnb;[)anRKb;RKan;tamtRmÚvkar
2> minRtÚvmankareRbHF¶n;F¶rekIteLIg enAtYTMnb;ebtugeT
3> tYTMnb;EdlbMeBjbEnßmRtÚvEtBasTb;edayvtßúFatusmRsb edIm,IkarBarkarRsutcuH nigkareRbH
F¶n;F¶r
26>5 karbgáarkarxUcpøÚvTwk
1> pøÚvTwkRtÚvmanlMnwgEpñkrcnasm½<n§sMrab;bnÞúk Edl)aneRKagTuk ehIyminRtÚvmankarxUcedayeRKaH
mhnþraydUcCakarrGilpÞaMgdI nigTwkCMnn;eLIy .
2> pøÚvTwkRtÚvEtmansmtßPaB GacbgðÚrTwkedaysuvtßiPaB nigKμaneRKaHfñak; ehIyGacRKb;RKg
brimaNTwkbgðÚrecj Edl)aneRKagrbs;eragcRk nigRtÚvmanlMnwgFarasaRsþ .
26>6 karbgáarkarxUceragma:sIunGKÁisnI nigmeFüa)aydéTeTot

rcnasm½<n§ EdlTak;TgeTAnwgmeFüa)ayvisVkmμ sMNg;sIuvilénvarIGKÁisnI dUcCaeragma:suInGKÁisnI
pøÚvsMrab;eFVIkarCYsCul nigmeFüa)aybeNþaHGasnñsMrab;kargarsMNg; RtÚvEtmanlMnwgsMrab;bnÞúk
Edl)aneRKagTuk ehIyminRtÚvrgnUvkarxUcedayrGilpÞaMgdI nigTwkCMnn;eLIy .
maRta 27 ³ karbgáarkarxUceragcRkvarIGKÁisnI
27>1 karbgáarkarxUcGagsþúkTwknigdIenACMuvijGagsþúkTwk
1> cMeBaHGagsþúkTwkminRtÚvbeNþay[mankarRCabTwkEdlmaneRKaHfñak;dl;dICMuvij karRCabTwkminRbRktI
kñúgdI nigkarrGilpÞaMgdIkñúgTMhMFMeFgenaHeT .
2>RtÚvmanviFankarN_RtwmRtÚv RbsinebImankarliclg;dl;RTBüsm,tþi dUcCapÞHsMEbg nigGKar
enAtMbn;xagelIénGagsþúkTwk EdlbNþalmkBIkareLIgkMritTwk bgáedaykMeNInkkrdIénGagsþúkTwk .
27>2 karbgáarkarxUctMbn;eRkamTMnb; nigtMbn;Rckecj
1> karxUcbNþalmkBIkarbgðÚrTwkecjBITMnb;eTAtMbn;xageRkam kñúgl½kçx½NÐTwkCMnn; minRtÚvekInelIs

BIkarxUc kñúgkrNIEdlKμanTMnb;enaHeT .
2> RtÚvmanviFankarN_RtwmRtÚv RbsinebIGacekItmankarxUcxatdl;mnusS b¤RTBüsm,tiþ nigb:HBal;
dl;brisßanCMuvij nigGIVepSg²eTotenAtMbn;xageRkam EdlbNþalmkBIkarbgðÚrTwkecjBITMnb; .
24
3> RtÚvmanviFankarN_RtwmRtÚv RbsinebIkarpøas;bþÚrkMritkMBs;Twkd¾qab;rh½s enAtMbn;xageRkam
énRckbeBa©jTwkedaysarkarbgðÚrTwkecjBIeragcRkvarIGKÁisnI GacbNþal[mankarxUcxatdl;
tMbn;xageRkam .
maRta 28 ³ TYb‘ÍnGIuRdÚlic nigehSenr:aT½r
28>1 karbgáarkarxUcTYb‘ÍnGIuRdÚlic
1> RtÚvkarBarmin[mankMNat;eQIGENþt kMeTcsMramGENþt b¤kMeTckkrhUrcUleTAkñúgTYb‘ÍnGIuRdÚlic
bNþal[xUcTYb‘ÍnGIuRdÚliceLIy
2> RtÚvkarBarmin[manrMj½r EdlGacbNþal[xUcTYb‘ÍnGIuRdÚliceLIy
3> RtÚvkarBarmin[mansMNwkRbehag EdlGaceFVIeGayxUcdl;TYb‘ÍnGIuRdUliceLIy .
28>2 brikçasMrab;kat;pþac;bnÞan;nUvcrnþTwkcUl
TYb‘ÍnGIuRdUlic b¤pøÚvTwkCaeKalkarN_RtÚvbMBak;nUvmeFüa)ayEdlGackat;pþac;bnÞan;nUvcrnþTwk EdlcUleTA
kñúgTYb‘Ín .
28>3 kMlaMgemkanicénTYb‘ÍnGIuRdÚlic nigehSenr:aT½r
1> TYb‘ÍnGIuRdUlicRtÚvEtFn;eTAnwgsMBaFTwkGtibrma kñúgkrNIEdlbnÞúkRtÚv)ankat;pþac;

2> TYb‘ÍnGIuRdÚlic nigehSenr:aT½rRtÚvEtFn;eTAnwgel,ÓnGtibrma kñúgkrNIbnÞúkRtÚv)ankat;pþac;
3> ehSenr:aT½rRtÚvEtFn;eTAnwgkMlaMgGukkBaäk;emkanic EdlbNþalmkBIcrnþqøg
28>4 PaBrwgmaMTl;nwgkMedAénTYb‘ÍnGIuRdÚlic nigehSenr:aT½r
TYb‘ÍnGIuRdÚlic nigehSenr:aT½r RtÚvEtFn;eTAnwgkMedA EdlbegáIteLIgedayTYb‘ÍnGIuRdÚlic nigehSenr:aT½r

kñúgeBldMeNIrkarFmμta .
28>5 Rbdab;karBarsMrab;TYb‘ÍnGIuRdUlic nigehSenr:aT½r
TYb‘ÍnGIuRdÚlicnigehSenr:aT½r RtÚvbMBak;nUvRbdab;pþac;ehSenra:T½recjBIesoKVIGKÁisnI nigbBaÄb;TYb‘ÍnGIuRdUlic

edays½VyRbvtþikñúgkrNIekItmanPaBminRbRktI EdlbNþaleGaymankarxUcFMdMu nig¼b¤eFIV[manbBaða
F¶n;F¶rdl;karpÁt;pÁg;GKÁisnI .
25
EpñkTI 4
l½kçx½NÐTUeTAcMeBaHmeFüa)ayplitkmμepSgeTot
maRta 29 ³ famBlkekIteLIgvij ehSenr:aT½rcl½t nigvarIGKÁisnIFuntUc
CaTUeTA meFüa)ayplitkmμénfamBlkekIteLIgvij EdlrYmman plitkmμedayBnøWRBHGaTitü edayfamBlxül;

edayCIvma:s; b¤edayCIv]sμ½n meFüa)ayplitkmμénehSenra:T½rcl½t nigmeFüa)ayplitkmμvarIGKÁisnIFuntUcpg
k¾RtÚveKarBtamsþg;dabec©keTsenHEdr . b:uEnþedayl½kçx½NÐxøHénmaRtaEdlEcgkñúgsþg;dabec©keTsenH GacBi)ak
GnuvtþelImeFüa)ayplitGKÁisnIRbePTTaMgenH edaysarlkçN³Biessrbs;va nig¼b¤edaykal³eTs³NamYy
eBlenaHl½kçx½NÐTaMgenaHGacRtÚv)anGnueRKaH RbsinebImankaresñIsuMBIm©as;meFüa)ayedaymanmUlehtuRtwmRtÚv.
maRta 30 ³ meFüa)ayplitkmμGKÁisnIedayTwkbUmsþúk nigmeFüa)ayplitkmμGKÁisnInuyEkøEG‘r

sþg;dabec©keTsenHk¾RtÚvmanvisalPaBGnuvtþ cMeBaHmeFüa)ayplitkmμTaMgenHEdr . edayxwømsarsþg;da
bec©keTsbc©úb,nñminTan;manRKb;RKan;sMrab;meFüa)ayplitTaMgenH xwømsarbEnßmrbs;sþg;dabec©keTssMrab;
meFüa)ayplitkmμTaMgenHnwgRtÚverobcM nigRbkas[eRbIR)as;enAeBlmantRmÚvkarcaM)ac; .
26
EpñkTI 5
l½kçx½NÐTUeTArYmcMeBaHmeFüa)aybBa¢Ún nigEckcayGKÁisnI
maRta 31 ³ lkçN³énExScMlg
1> ExScMlgénmeFüa)aybBa¢Ún nigEckcayGKÁisnIKWRtÚvCaExSkab ExSeRsam b¤ExSRsat . minGnuBaØat
[eRbIR)as;ExSRsatsMrab;ExSbNþajtg;süúgTabeLIy .
2> ExSkab nigExSeRsamRtÚvmansmtßPaBGIusULg;RKb;RKan;EdlsmRsbtaml½kçx½NÐéntg;süúgeRbIR)as; .
maRta 32 ³ karTb;sáat;kareLIgelIbegÁalGKÁisnI
edIm,IbgáareRKaHfñak;cMeBaHCnTI3 Bak;B½n§nwgbegÁalRTExSbNþajGKÁisnI RtÚvGnuvtþviFankarN_ dUcxageRkam ³
1> minRtÚvtemøIgCeNþIrelahHénbegÁalTRmenAkMBs;TabCag 1>8 Em:Rt BIdIeLIy

2> RtÚvdak;sBaØaRbúgRby½tñedIm,I[CnTI3dwgBIeRKaHfñak; P¢ab;tambegÁalTRmnImYy²
3> cMeBaHExSbNþajtg;süúgx<s;RtÚvtemøIgr)aMgsmRsbenARKb;eCIgbegÁalTRm edIm,IkarBarCnTI3min[eLIgeTA
elIbegÁalTRm)an . b:uEnþkñúgkrNIEdlbegÁalTRmmanTItaMgsßitenAkEnøg EdlCnTI3Bi)aknwgcUleTACit)an
dUcCaenAelIPñM b¤k¾manrbgb¤CBa¢aMgEdlmankMBs;smlμmh‘uMB½T§begÁalTRm eBlenaHGacmin)ac;temøIgr)aMg
karBarenAeCIgbegÁal)an .
maRt 33 ³ emKuNsuvtßiPaBrbs;ExSRsat nigExSdIénExSbNþajGakas

cMeBaHkMlaMgTb;TMnajénExScMlg nigExSdIsMrab;ExSbNþajGakas elIkElgEtExSkabecj emKuNsuvtßiPaBminRtÚv
TabCag 2>5 eT .
maRta 34 ³ kareRbIR)as;ExSbNþajGKÁisnI b¤ExSbNþajKmnaKmn_Ek,rKña nigrYmKña
34>1 ExSbNþajtg;süúg;x<s; ExSbNþajtg;süúgmFüm nigExSbNþajtg;süúgTab

kareRbIR)as;ExSbNþajGKÁisnIEk,rKña nigrYmKña RtÚvGnuvtþtamviFIdUcxageRkam³
1> enAeBlEdlExSbNþajtg;süúgx<s; nigExSbNþajtg;süúgmFümRtÚvtemøIgenAelIbegÁalTRmCamYyKña
eBlenaHExSbNþajtg;süúgmFümRtÚvtemøIgenAeRkamExSbNþajtg;süúgx<s; nigenAelIédRTepSgBIKña .
2> enAeBlEdlExSbNþajtg;süúgmFüm nigExSbNþajtg;süúgTab RtÚvtemøIgenAelIbegÁalTRmCamYyKña
eBlenaHExSbNþajtg;süúgTab RtÚvtemøIgenAeRkamExSbNþajtg;süúgmFüm nigenAelIédRTepSgBIKña .
3> minRtÚvtemøIgExSbNþajtg;süúgTabNamYyenAelIbegÁalTRmEtmYyCamYyExSbNþajtg;süúgx<s;eLIy .
27
34>2 ExSbNþajGKÁisnI nigExSbNþajKmnaKmn_
karRbIExSbNþajGKÁisnI nigExSbNþajKmnaKmn_Ek,rKña nigrYmKñaRtÚvGnuvtþtamviFIdUcxageRkam .
kñúgkrNIExSbNþajKmnaKmn_CasrésExSGubTic ehIydak;cUlCamYyExSbNþajGKÁisnI b¤ExSdI viFIxageRkam
enHmin)ac;GnuvtþeLIy ³
1> enAeBlExSbNþajtg;süúgmFüm b¤tg;süúgTab nigExSbNþajKmnaKmn_ RtÚvtemøIgenAelIbegÁalTRm
CamYyKña eBlenaHExSbNþajtg;süúgmFüm b¤ExSbNþajtg;süúgTabRtÚvEttemøIgenAelIExSbNþaj
KmnaKmn_ nigRtÚvtemøIgelIédRTepSgBIKña .
2> minRtÚvtemøIgExSbNþajKmnaKmn_ enAelIbegÁalTRmCamYynwgExSbNþajtg;süúgx<s;eLIy .
maRta 35 ³ ExSbNþajeRkamdI
35>1 minGnuBaØat[eRbIExSGKÁisnIepSgeRkABIExSkab sMrab;ExSbNþajGKÁisnIeRkamdIeLIy .
35>2 kñúgkrNIEdlExSbNþajeRkamdIRtÚvtemøIgkñúgbMBg; bMBg;TIbsMrab;dak;ExSkabRtÚvEtFn;nwgsMBaFkinBIelIényan
CMniH nigvtßúF¶n;²déTeTot .
35>3 kñúgkrNIEdlExSbNþajeRkamdIRtÚvtemøIgedaykb;kñúgdIpÞal; eBlenaHExSbNþajTaMgenaHRtÚvtemøIgtamviFI
dUcxageRkam ³
1> RtÚvdak;bnÞHkarBarsmRsbBIelIExSbNþajeRkamdI b¤GnuvtþviFankarN_smRsbdéTeTot edIm,IkarBar
ExSbNþajeRkamdITl;nwgkarb:HTgÁicemkanicTaMgLay .
2> enAkEnøgEdlGacmaneRKaHfñak;dl;ExSkabedaysMBaFkinBIelIényanCMniH nigvtßúF¶n;²déTeTotExSbNþaj
eRkamdIRtÚvtemøIgenACMerAmYyEdlminrak;Cag 1>2Em:Rt edayELkenAkEnøgdéTeTotExSbNþajeRkamdI
RtÚvtemøIgenACMerAmYyEdlminrak;Cag0>6Em:Rt.
edIm,IkarBarbrikçarGKÁisnIkuM[eLIgkMedAhYsedaycrnþelIsxøaMg nigedIm,IkarBarkMu[ekItmanGKÁIP½y RtÚvtemøIg]bkrN_
karBarcrnþelIsenAkEnøgsmRsbénesoKVIGKÁisnI .
edIm,ITb;sáat;karxUcbrikçaGKÁisnI karqk;GKÁisnI nigGKÁIP½yRtÚvtemøIg]bkrN_karBarTl;nwgkarqøgb:HdI b¤manviFankarN_
smRsbdéTeTot .
maRta 38 ³ RbB½n§ SCADA sMrab;mCÄmNÐlEbgEckGKÁisnI

1> RTU énRbB½n§ SCADA RtÚvtemøIgenAkñúgmeFüa)ayGKÁisnIya:gNaedIm,IGacRtÜtBinitüemIlsPaB
énRbB½n§bNþajCati nigGacbBa¢ameFüa)ayGKÁisnITaMgLayBImCÄmNÐlEbgEckGKÁisnI .
28
2> RtÚvtemøIgRbB½n§TUrKmnaKmn_caM)ac;enAmCÄmNÐlEbgEck nigmeFüa)ayGKÁisnI . CakarcaM)ac;y:agehac
Nas;RtÚvmanRbB½n§TUrKmnaKmn_BIrepSgKñasMrab;RbB½n§bNþajCati .
maRta 39 ³ cMNat;fñak;karP¢ab;ExSdIsMrab;ExSbNþajGKÁisnI
RbePTExSdI kEnøgEdlRtÚvGnuvtþ l½kçx½NÐénkartemøIg témøer:sIusþg;P¢ab;eTAdIsMrab;ExSbNþajEckcayRtÚvGnuvtþ
dUctaragxageRkam ³
RbePTExSdI
RbePT kEnøg Gnuvtþ l½kçx½NÐ temøIg er:sIusþg;P¢ab; eTAdI (Ω)
ExSdI
ExSdIP¢ab;RbB½n§ Rtg;sVÚm:aT½rtg;süúgmFüm¼Tab sMrab;ExSNWttg;süúgTab témøer:sIusþg;RtÚvkMNt;tamkargar
énRbePTExSdI TN nigTT P¢ab;ExSdI fñak; B
ExSdIsuvtßiPaB EpñkGacqøgcrnþdak; sMrab;tg;süúgx<s; ¬*2¦ témøer:sIusþg;RtÚvkMNt;tamkargar
enAkNþalval ¬*1¦ sMrab;tg;süúgmFüm P¢ab;ExSdI fñak; A
sMrab;tg;süúgTab elIsBI témøer:sIusþg;RtÚvkMNt;tam
300v:ul kargarP¢ab;ExSdI fñak; C
sMrab;tg;süúgTab témøer:sIusþg;RtÚvkMNt;tam
minelIsBI 300v:ul kargarP¢ab;ExSdI fñak; D
ExSdIRcalcrnþ ]bkrN_Rcalcrnþ sMrab;tg;süúgmFüm témøer:sIusþg;RtÚvkMNt;tam
kargarP¢ab;ExSdI fñak; A
sMKal;
(*1) }EpñkGacqøgcrnþdak;enAkNþalval} sMedAEpñkTaMgLaydUcCaeCIgTRmEdk RbGb;elah³ b¤RbGb;
elah³eRsab]bkrN_ EdleKtemøIgenAkñúgesoKVIVGKÁisnI .
(*2) }karP¢ab;ExSdIsMrab;GnusßanIytg;süúgx<s; nigsßanIyEbgEckGKÁisnI RtÚverobcMedayELkerogxøÜn
GaRs½ytamTMhMéncrnþb:H .
témøer:sIusþg;P¢ab;eTAdI BIfñak; A dl;fñak; D RtÚvesμInwg b¤tUcCagtémøkMNt;kñúgtaragxageRkam³
cMNat;fñak; kargarP¢ab; témøer:sIu sþg;P¢ab; l½kçx½NÐsMrab;sMrYl
ExSdI eTAdI témøer:sIusþg;
fñak; A 10Ω b¤tUcCag
fñak; B 10Ω b¤tUcCag kñúgkrNIEdltg;süúgP¢ab;eTAdIénesoKVIGKÁisnItg;süúgTab
enAeBlEdl 230 mantémøelIsBI 230v:ul edaymkBIkarb:HrvagesoKVI
*1
I tg;süúgmFüm nigesoKVItg;süúgTabénRtg;sVÚm:aT½r/
tUcCag 10, er:sIusþg; ehIyebImantemøIgDIsugT½rRcalcrnþtamExSdIEdl
P¢ab;eTAdI RtÚvman témø kat;pþac;esoKVIGKÁisnIkñúgry³eBlminelIsBI 1vinaTI
230
esIμnwg *1 b¤tUc eBlenaHer:sIusþg;RtÚvesIμnwg 600
 b¤tUcCag .
I I *1
CagenH enAeBlEdl 230 mantémøtUcCag 5Ω eBlenaH

I *1
29
er:sIusþg;ExSdI mincaM)ac;mantémøtUcCag 5Ω eLIy .
10Ω b¤tUcCag kñúgkrNIRtÚverobcMExSdIkñúgesoKVIGKÁisnItg;süúgTab/ ehIy
fñak; C kñúgesoKVIenaH mantemøIgDIsugT½rRcalcrnþeTAdIEdlGac
kat;pþac;esoKVIGKÁisnIkñúgry³eBl 0.5vinaTI eBlenaH
témøer:sIusþg;RtÚvesμInwg 500Ω b¤ tUcCag .
fñak; D 100Ω b¤tUcCag kñúgkrNIRtÚverobcMExSdIkñúgesoKVIGKÁisnItg;süúgTab/ ehIy
kñúgesoKVIenaH mantemøIgDIsugT½rRcalcrnþeTAdIEdlGac
kat;pþac;esoKVIGKÁisnIkñúgry³eBl 0.5vinaTI eBlenaH
témøer:sIusþg;RtÚvesμInwg 500Ω b¤ tUcCag .
*1 I- KWCacrnþénkarqøgExSmYyb:HeTAdI
30
EpñkTI 6
l½kçx½NÐTUeTAcMeBaHmeFüa)aybBa¢Úntg;süúgx<s;
maRta 40 ³ karkMNt;begÁalRTExSGakastg;süúgx<s;
1> begÁalRTExSGakasRtÚvkMNt;edayykcitþTukdak;elIbnÞúk dUcxageRkam³
RbePTbnÞúk
RbePTbnÞúk smasPaBbnÞúk
TMgn;begÁalRT
TMgn;ExScMlg/ExSP¢ab;dI nigeRKOgbnÞab;bnSMEdlRTedaybegÁalTRm
bnÞúkbBaÄr TMgn;canGIusULaT½r nigRbdab;RTepSg²EdlRTedaybegÁalTRm
EpñkbBaÄrénkMlaMgTajGtibrmaénExSTb;EdlTb;begÁal RbsinebIman
sMBaFcrnþxül;énbegÁalTRm enAeRkamel,Ónxül;bk;Gtibrma
sMBaFcrnþxül;énExScMlg nigExSdI EdlRTedaybegÁalTRmeRkamel,Ónxül;bk;CaGtibrma
bnÞúkepþkTTwg sMBaFcrnþxül;énTMnajelIcanRT nigRbdab;P¢ab;epSg²EdlRTedaybegÁalTRm
EpñkepþkTTwgénkMlaMgTajGtibrmarbs;ExScMlg nigExSdIEdlRTedaybegÁalTRm nigExSTb;EdlTb;begÁal
RbsinebIman
sMBaFcrnþxül;énbegÁalTRm enAeRkamel,Ónxül;bk;Gtibrma
bnÞúkepþkbeNþay EpñkepþkbeNþayénkMlaM;gTajGtulüPaBGtibrmaénExScMlg nigExSdI EdlRTedaybegÁalTRm nigkMlaMg
TMnajGtibrmaénExSTb;EdlTb;begÁalTRm RbsinebIman
2> begÁalTRm nigRKwHénExSbNþajGakastg;süúgx<s;RtÚvEterobcMeLIgedayKitKUrdl;témøénsMBaFxül;bk;

QrelImUldÞanénel,Ónxül;GtibrmakñúgRbeTskm<úCa .
3> begÁalTRm nigRKwHénExSbNþajGakastg;süúgx<s;RtÚverobcMeLIgya:gNaedIm,I[begÁalTaMgenaHGacTb;nwg
bnÞúkGtibrma edayKitKUrGMBIemKuNsuvtßiPaBsmRsb .
4> kñúgkrNIEdlExSbNþajGakastg;süúgx<s; RtÚvtemøIgenAkEnøgNa Edlmanl½kçx½NÐGaRkk;bMputenaH
dUcCaenAkñúgtMbn;Tenø tMbn;xül;bk;xøaMg nigtMbn;déTeTot eBlenaHbegÁalTRmnigRKwHrbs;vaRtÚvEterobcM
y:agNaedIm,ITb;nwgl½kçx½NÐBi)ak²TaMgenH .
maRta 41 ³ emKuNsuvtßiPaBénRbdab;RTnanasMrab;ExScMlg nig¼b¤ExSdIénExSbNþajGakastg;süúgx<s;
emKuNsuvtßiPaBcMeBaHkMlaMgTb;TMnaj rYmmankMlaMgTb;TMnajGtibrma kMlaMgbM)ak;rbs;Rbdab;RTExScMlg nigExSdI
énExSbNþajGakastg;süúgx<s; RtÚvesμInwg 2>5 b¤FMCag .
maRta 42 ³ karkarBarTl;nwgrnÞHsMrab;ExSbNþajGakastg;süúgx<s;
edIm,IbnßycMnYnkMhUcGKÁisnI nigedIm,IkarBarbrikçakuM[xUcbNþalmkBIkMhUcenH cMeBaHExSbNþajGakastg;süúgx<s;
31
RtÚvGnuvtþviFankarN_dUcxageRkam ³
1> RtÚvtemøIgExSdI sMrab;ExSbNþajGakastg;süúgx<s; .

2> RtÚvtemøIgk,alekagRcalGKÁisnI enAcugTaMgsgçagénbgÁúMcanGIusULg;rbs;ExSbNþajGakastg;süúgx<s; .
3> RtÚvtemøIgcg¥ÚrEdk edIm,Icab;ExScMlgedayRbdab;rwtP¢ab;énbgÁúcM anGIusULg;énExSbNþajGakastg;süúgx<s; .
1> Rbdab;Tb;rMj½r
RtÚvtemøIgRbdab;Tb;rMj½rtamcMnYn nigRbePTsmRsb edIm,IbgáakarcuHexSayénExSRsat nigExSdIsMrab;
ExSbNþajGakastg;süúgx<s; EdlbNþalmkBIrMj½redayxül; .
2> kartP¢ab;
kñúgkrNIEdlExSRsat nigExSdIRtÚvtP¢ab;KñaeTAvijeTAmk b¤tP¢ab;KñaCamYyExSeRsam b¤ExSkab
kartP¢ab;enHRtÚveKarBtamkartRmÚvna na dUcxageRkamenH bEnßmelIkartRmÚvén maRta 18 .
¬1¦ ExSRsat nigExSdIRtÚvtP¢ab;Kñaeday bMBg;tP¢ab;RbePTmanRkcab;rit[ENn b¤edayRbdab;

Rc)ac;bBa©ÚlKña .
¬2¦ kMlaMgTMnajéntMNExSRsat nigExSdI RtÚvesμInwg 95° b¤elIsénkMlaMgTMTajrbs;ExSRsat
nigExSdIEdl)antP¢ab; . eTaHbIy:agenHk¾eday minRtÚvykkartRmÚvenH eTAGnuvtþcMeBaHkrNI
EdlkMlaMgTajGtibrmaEdlnwgRtÚverobcMenaHtUcCageRcIn eFobeTAnwgkMlaMgTMnajx<s;bMputénExSRsat
nigExSdIenaHeT dUcCaExSxøI²sMrab;cMlgcrnþ ExSP¢ab;BIbegÁalcugeRkayeTAnwgGnusßanIy b¤epSg²eTot.
maRta 44 ³ KmøatrvagExSRsat nigbegÁalTRménExSbNþajGakastg;süúgx<s;
1> KmøatrvagExSRsatCamYybegÁalTRm ExSTb; nig¼b¤CnÞl;begÁalénExSbNþajGakastg;süúgx<s;

RtÚvmancMnYndUcxageRkam . KmøatenHRtÚvEtFana[)an eTaHCakñúgkrNINamYy EdlExScMlg
eyakeTAeyakmkCaGtibrmaeRkamel,Ónxül;bk;Gtibrmak¾eday .
tg;süúgNUmINal; Kmøat
115KILÚv:ul minticCag 0>70Em:Rt

2> KmøatrvagExSdICamYyExScMlg EdlzitenACitCageKkñúgcenøaHbegÁalCamYyKñaRtÚvEtFMCagKmøatEdlkMNt;
[cMNucRTenAcugTaMgsgçagéncenøaHbegÁal .
32
kMBs;ExScMlgénExSbNþajGakastg;süúgx<s; RtÚvmankMritdUcxageRkam ³
1> kMBs;enAkñúgtMbn;TIRkúg
kMBs;ExScMlgénExSbNþajGakastg;süúgx<s;enAkñúgtMbn;TIRkúg minRtÚvtUcCagkMBs;edaybUkbEnßm
0>06Em:Rt EfmBIelIkMBs; 6>50Em:Rt sMrab;ral;karekIn10KILÚv:ul elIsBI 35KILÚv:ul eLIy .
2> kMBs;enAkñúgtMbn; EdlCnTI3Bi)akcUleTACit
kMBs;ExScMlgénExSbNþajGakastg;süúgx<s;enAkñúgtMbn;EdlCnTI3Bi)akcUleTACit minRtÚvtUcCagkMBs;
edaybUkbEnßm 0>06Em:Rt EfmBIelIkMBs; 5>50Em:RtsMrab;ral;karekIn 10KILÚv:ul elIsBI 35KILÚv:ul
eLIy .
3> kMBs;qøgBIelIpøÚvfñl; nig¼b¤pøÚvrfePøIg
kMBs;ExScMlg énExSbNþajGakastg;süúgx<s;Edlkat;TTwgelIpøÚvfñl; nig¼b¤pøÚvrfePøIg minRtÚvtUcCag
kMBs;edaybUkbEnßm 0>06Em:Rt EfmBIelIkMBs; 13Em:RtsMrab;ral;karekIn 10KILÚv:ul elIsBI
35KILÚv:ul eLIy .
4> kMBs;qøgBIelITenø nig¼b¤smuRT
kMBs;ExScMlgénExSbNþajGakastg;süúgx<s; Edlkat;TTwgTenø nig¼b¤smuRT RtÚvdUcxageRkam³
kEnøgEdlKμannavaqøgkat; kEnøgEdlmannavaqøgkat;
Kitcab;BIkMrwtkMBs;Twkx<s;bMput Kitcab;BIcMNucx<s;bMput énnavaEdlsßitelIkMrwt

kMBs;Twkx<s;bMput ¬*1¦
minRtÚvtUcCagkMBs;edaybUkbEnßm 0>06Em:Rt EfmBIelI minRtÚvtUcCagkMBs;edaybUkbEnßm 0>06 Em:Rt

kMBs; 5>5Em:Rt sMrab;ral;karekIn 10KILÚv:ul elIsBI EfmBIelIkMBs; 3Em:Rt sMrab;ral;karekIn 10 KILÚv:ul
35KILÚv:ul eLIy . elIsBI 35KILÚv:ul eLIy .
¬*1¦ cMNucx<s;bMputénnava RtÚvsMercykcMnYnmYyEdlføwgEføgdl;lT§PaBkñúgeBlGnaKt

5> kMBs;TaMgGs;Edl)anerobrab;xagelI RtÚvEtFana[)aneTaHCakñúgkrNINamYy EdlmankaryarFøak;
cuHCaGtibrma énExScMlgsßitkñúgsItuNðPaBGtibrmaEdlkMNt; .
maRta 46 ³ KmøatrvagExSbNþajGakastg;süúgx<s; nigmeFüa)aydéTeTot b¤edImeQI
KmøatrvagExScMlgnImYy²énExSbNþajGakastg;süúgx<s; CamYymeFüa)aydéTeTot b¤edImeQI RtÚvEtdUckarkMNt;

xageRkam ³
33
1> KmøatCamYymeFüa)aydéTeTot
KmøatrvagExScM;lgnImYy² énExSbNþajGakastg;süúgx<s; nigmeFüa)aydéTeTot minRtÚvtUcCagKmøat
EdlbUkbEnßm 0>06Em:Rt EfmelIRbEvg3Em:Rt sMrab;ral;karekIn 10 KILÚv:ul elIsBI 35KILÚv:ul
eLIy .
2> KmøatCamYyedImeQI
KmøatrvagExScMlgnImYy² énExSbNþajGakastg;süúgx<s; nigedImeQI minRtÚvtUcCagRbEvgEdlbUk
bEnßm 0>06Em:Rt EfmelIRbEvg 2Em:Rt sMrab;ral;karekIn 10 KILÚv:ul elIsBI 35KILÚv:ul eLIy .
3> KmøatEdl)anerobrab;xagelI RtÚvEtFana[)an eTaHCakñúgkrNINamYymankaryarFøak;cuHCaGtibrma
énExScMlgEdlsßitkñúgsItuNðPaBGtibrma nig¼b¤kareyakeTAeyakmkGtibrmaénExScMlg sßiteRkamel,Ón
xül;bk;GtibrmaEdl)ankMNt;k¾eday .
maRta 47 ³ karbgáarcMeBaHeRKaHfñak; nigkarrMxaneRCotERCkBIGaMgDucsüúgeGLicRtÚsþaTic nigGaMgDuc

süúgeGLicRtÚma:ejTic
47>1 GaMgDucsüúgeGLicRtÚsþaTic
ExSbNþajtg;süúgx<s;RtÚvtemøIgya:gNaTb;sáat;nUveRKaHfñak;cMeBaHxøÜnR)aNmnusS nig¼b¤karrMxanelIExS
bNþajKmnaKmn_EdltemøIgEk,rExSbNþajtg;süúgx<s; edaysarGaMgDucsüúgeGLicRtÚsþaTic . RtÚvykcitþ
Tukdak;GnuvtþviFankarN_smRsbTaMgLayrYmman cMnuc1 nig2 xageRkam RBmTaMgmaRta 34 .
1> EdnGKÁisnIEdlekIteLIg edayExSbNþajGakastg;süúgx<s; sßitenAkMBs; 1m BI elIdIminRtÚv
mantémøx<s;Cag 3K>v:¼m eLIy elIkElgEtcMeBaHExSbNþajGakastg;süúgx<s;enAkEnøgepSg²
EdlCnTI3GacBi)akcUleTACit)andUcCaPñM kñúgdIksidæanCaedIm.
2> vtßúFatucMlgGKÁisnI EdlsßitenAelIGaKareRkamExSbNþajGakastg;süúgx<s;RtÚvEtP¢ab;eTAdItamfñak; D
RsbeTAtammaRta 39 .
47>2 GaMgDucsüúgeGLicRtÚm:aejTic
RtÚvtemøIgExSbNþajtg;süúgx<s;y:agNaTb;sáat;eRKaHfñak;cMeBaHxøÜnR)aNmnusS nig¼b¤karrMxanTaMgLay
EdlbNþalmkBIGaMgDucsüúgeGLicRtUm:aej:Tic eTAelIExSbNþajtg;süúgTab nig¼b¤ExSbNþajKmnaKmn_
Edl)antemøIgEk,rExSbNþajtg;süúgx<s; . RtÚvGnuvtþviFankarN_smRsbTaMgLayrab;TaMgmaRta 39 pg .
RtÚvtemøIg]bkrN_cab;crnþRcal enAkEnøgsmRsbTaMgLayénExSbNþajGKÁisnI .
34
EpñkTI 7
l½kçx½NÐTUeTAcMeBaHmeFüa)ayEckcaytg;süúgmFüm nigTab
maRta 49 ³ begÁalTRm
49>1 emKuNsuvtßiPaBénRKwHrbs;begÁalTRm
1> emKuNsuvtßiPaBénRKwHrbs;begÁalRTExSbNþajtg;süúgTabRtÚvmantémøesμInwg 2 b¤FMCagbnÞúkxül;bk; .
2> emKuNsuvtßiPaBénRKwHrbs;begÁalRTExSbNþajtg;süúgTab RtÚvmantémøesñInwg 2 b¤FMCagcMeBaHbnÞúk
Edl)anerobrab;kñúgmaRta 40 .
3> taragxageRkamenHsMrab;GnuvtþcMeBaHkartemøIgbegÁaleQI begÁalEdk nigbegÁalebtugenAelIdITn;Fmμta .
kartemøIgenAkEnøgepSgBIenH nigkartemøIgbegÁalRbePTepSgBIenHminGnuvtþtamtaragenHeLIy .
RbePTbegÁal bnÞúkkMNt; RbEvgbegÁal CMerARtÚvdaM cenøaHBIbegÁalmYy
énbegÁal eTAbegÁalmYyeTot
15Em:Rt b¤ticCag y:agtic 1¼6énRbEvgsrub ExSbNþajtg;süúgmFümkñúg

tMbn;TIRkúg³ cenøaHBIbegÁalmYy
begÁaleQI y:agtic2>5Em:Rt eTAbegÁalmYyeTot minRtÚv
elIsBI 15Em:Rt
dl; 16Em:Rt elIsBI 75m eLIy.
15Em:Rt b¤ticCag y:agtic 1¼6énRbEvgsrub ExSbNþajtg;süúgTabkñúg

begÁalEdk tMbn;TIRkúg³ cenøaHBIbegÁalmYy
elIsBI 15Em:Rt y:agtic 2>5Em:Rt eTAbegÁalmYyeTot minRtÚv
15Em:Rt b¤ticCag y:agtic 1¼6énRbEvgsrub
begÁalebtug 6>5 KILÚjÚtun
mansrésEdk b¤tUcCagenH elIsBI 15Em:Rt 2>5Em:Rt y:agticbMput ExSbNþajepSgeTot³ minRtÚv
elIsBI 16Em:Rt 2>8Em:Rt y:agticbMput
dl; 20Em:Rt
49>2 kMlaMgTb;énbegÁalebtugmansrésEdk
1> begÁalebtugmansrésEdksMrab;ExSbNþajtg;süúgTab RtÚvEtmankMlaMgGacTb;nwgbnÞúkxül;bk; .
2> begÁalebtugmansrésEdksMrab;ExSbNþajtg;süúgmFüm RtÚvmankMlaMgGacTb;nwgbnÞúkEdl)anerobrab;
kñúgmaRta 40 .
3> begÁalebtugmansrésEdk RtÚvmankMlaMgGacTb;nwgcMnYn2dgénkMlaMgbnÞúkEdl)ansikSaeXIj .
35
50>1 ExSkabsMrab;ExSbNþajGakas
1> enAeBlExSkab RtÚv)aneRbIR)as;sMrab;ExSbNþajGakas ExSkabRtÚvtemøIgy:agNakMu[b:HBal;dl;
kMlaMgTMnajrbs;ExS edayeRbIR)as;ExSeyag b¤viFankarN_smRsbdéTeTot . ExSeyagRtÚvEttemøIg
RsbtamkarkMNt;énmaRta 41 .
2> enAeBlExSkab RtÚv)antemøIgtambeNþayGKar b¤vtßúdéTeTot ExSkabRtÚvEt)anRTy:agNakMu[mankar
xUcxatedaysarkarb:HeTAnwgGKar b¤vtßúTaMgenaH .
50>2 viFItP¢ab;ExScMlgGakas
kMlaMgTMTajénExScMlgminRtÚvfycuH 20° b¤elIsBIenHeT enAeBlmankartP¢ab;ExScMlg . RbsinebI
kMlaMgTaj EdleFVIkarenAelIExScMlgmantémøtUcCagy:ageRcIneFobeTAnwgkMlaMgTMnajénExScMlglkç½x½NÐenH
min)ac;GnuvtþeLIy .
50>3 kartbMEbkecjBIExSbNþajGakas
kartbMEbkecjBIExSbNþajGakasRtÚveFVIeLIgenARtg;cMNucRTénExSbNþajenaH . RbsinebIkartbMEbk
eFVIeLIg edayminbegáInkMlaMgTajdl;ExScMlgenAcMNucbMEbkeTenaH lkç½x½NÐenHGacmin)ac;Gnuvtþ)an .
maRta 51 ³ kMlaMgemkanicénGIusULaT½r
GIusULaT½rRTExSbNþajtg;süúgmFümRtÚvEttemøIgtamreboby:agNa [GIusULaT½renaHmankMlaMgRKb;RKan;edIm,ITTYl)an
emKuNsuvtßiPaBesμInwg 2>5 b¤FMCag edayEp¥kelIkarsnμtfa bnÞúkdUcxageRkamenHRtÚv)anpÞúkeTAelIGIusULaT½renaH .
1> sMrab;GIusULaT½rf<k;ExSbnÞúkRtÚvCakMlaMgTajGtibrmaEdl)ansnμt;ykénExS .
2> sMrab;GIusULaT½rRTExSbnÞúkRtÚvCabnÞúkepþkcMehog bnÞúkbBaÄr EdlTajEkgnwgG½kSénGIusULaT½r .
maRta 52 ³ Rtg;sV½rm:aT½rtg;süúgmFüm¼Tab
Rtg;sV½rm:aT½rtg;süúgmFüm¼TabrYmTaMgExScMlgtg;süúgmFüm eRkABIExSkab RtÚvEttemøIgy:agNamin[maneRKaHfñak;qk;
GKÁisnI tamrebobNamYyénviFIdUcxageRkam³
1> Rtg;sV½rm:aT½rtg;süúgmFüm¼Tab RtÚvtemøIgkñúgbnÞb;dac;edayELkmYyEdlRtÚv)ancak;esar .

2> Rtg;sV½rm:aT½rtg;süúgmFüm¼TabRtÚvtemøIgenAkMBs; 5>0Em:Rt y:agticBIépÞdIedIm,IkMu[mnusSGacb:Hva)an
edaygayRsYl .
3> RtÚvB½T§rbg[)ansmRsbCMuvijRtg;sV½rm:aT½rtg;süúgmFüm¼Tab edIm,IkMu[mnusSGacb:Hva)anedaygayRsÜl
nigRtÚvdak;pøaksBaØaRBmanGMBIeRKaHfñak; . müa:geTotEpñkmancrnþénRtg;sV½rm:aT½rtg;süúgmFüm¼Tab
EdlRtÚvzitenAcMhrRtÚvEttemøIgvaya:gNakuM[mnusSGacb:Hva)anedaygayRsÜl .
36
53>1 kartemøIgDIsSúgT½rkarBarcrnþelIstg;süúgmFüm
1> enAelIExSbNþajtg;süúgmFümmYyRtÚvmanDIsSúgT½rkarBarcrnþelIsmYy EdlRtÚvtemøIgenAcMNuccrnþecj

énGnusßanIy b¤énTItaMgRsedogKña nigenAxagEpñktg;süúgmFüménRtg;sV½rma:T½r .
2> DIsSúgT½rkarBarcrnþelIssMrab;karBarcrnþqøgb:H RtÚvmanlT§PaBGackat;pþac;crnþqøgb:HEdlqøgkat;tam
DIsSúgT½renH .
53>2 kartemøIgDIsSúgT½rkarBarkarqøgb:HdItg;süúgmFüm
DIsSúgT½rkarBarkarqøgb:HdI EdlRtÚvkat;pþac;esoKVIedaysV½yRbvtiþenAeBlmankarqøgb:HdIekIteLIgenAelIbNþaj
RtÚvtemøIgenAcMNucrnþecjénGnusßanIy b¤énTItaMgRsedogKña .
53>3 kartemøIg]bkrN_cab;crnþRcal
edIm,IkarBarbrikçaGKÁisnIBIkarxUcedaysarrnÞH RtÚvtemøIg]bkrN_cab;crnþRcalenAtamkEnøgénbNþaj
dUUcbBa¢ak;xageRkam b¤enAtMbn;CMuvijva . RbsinebImeFüa)ayGKÁisnIminGacmankarxUcedaysarrnÞHeTenaH
lkç½x½NÐenHmin)ac;GnuvtþeT,Iy .
1> TVarcrnþecjénExSbNþajGakasecjBIeragcRkGKÁisnI bnÞb;ePøIg nigkEnøgdUcKña .
2> cMNuctP¢ab;énExSbNþajGakastg;süúgmFümCamYyRtg;sVÚm:aT½rem .
maRta 54 ³ kMBs;ExSbNþajGakas
kMBs;ExSbNþajGakasminRtÚvtUcCagtémøEdlkMNt;enAkñúgtaragxageRkameT,Iy³
¬xñat³ Em:Rt¦
tg;süúgTab tg;süúgmFüm
tMbn;TIRkug
tMbn;déTeTot
ExSkab ExSepSg²eTot
kat;TTwgfñl; 6>5 8>0 8>0 6>5
epSg²eTot 5>5 5>5 6>5 5>5
maRta 55 ³ KmøatrvagExSbNþajGakas nigvtßúdéTeTot

KmøatGb,brmarvagExSbNþajmYyCamYyvtßúepSgeTot RtÚvmantémødUckarkMNt;kñúgtaragxageRkam ³
37
¬xñat³ Em:Rt¦
EdlmnusSmanlT§PaB ExSRsat - 3>0
eLIg)an ExSeRsam 2>0 2>5
ExSkab 1>0 1>2
ExSbNþajGakas
enAxagelI ExSRsat - 3>0
CamYyGKar epSgeTot ExSeRsam 1>2 1>5
ExSkab 0>4 0>5
ExSRsat - 3>0
ExSbNþajGakasenAcMehog nigenABIeRkam ExSeRsam 1>2 1>5
ExSkab 0>4 0>5
ExSRsat - 2>0
CamYyedImeQI ExSeRsam minRtÚv[mankarb:HpÞal;eT
ExSkab minRtÚv[mankarb:HpÞal;eT
ExSeRsamRbePT ABC (Aerial Bundle Conductor) tg;süúgTab GactemøIgpÞal;Cab;nwgCBa¢aMgGKar)aneday

eRbIRkcab; nigviFIcab;P¢ab;Biessrbs;ExSeRsamRbePTenH b:uEnþTItaMgCBa¢aMgEdlGaccab;P¢ab;)an KWRtÚvCaTItaMgmYy
EdlmnusSBi)akeLIgdl; .
maRta 56 ³ lkç½x½NÐenACitKñanigkat;ExVgKñaén ExSbNþajGakas
56>1 ExSbNþajtg;süúgmFümeRcIn
enAeBlExSbNþajtg;süúgmFümmYy RtÚv)antemøIgCitKña b¤ExVgKñaCamYyExSbNþajtg;süúgmFümmYyepSgeTot
KmøatrvagExSbNþajtg;süúgmFümTaMgBIrenaHRtÚvmanRbEvgy:agticbMput2>0Em:Rt . RbsinebIExSmYy
CaExSkab ehIyExSmYyeTotk¾CaExSkabEdr b¤CaExSeRsam eBlenaHKmøatRtÚvmanRbEvgy:agtic 0>5Em:Rt.
56>2 ExSbNþajtg;süúgmFüm nigExSbNþajtg;süúgTab

enAeBlExSbNþajtg;süúgmFümnigExSbNþajtg;süúgTabRtÚvdak;temøIgCitKña b¤ExVgKña eBlenaHExSbNþaj
TaMgenaHRtÚvEttemøIgtamrebobdUcxageRkam ³
1> ExSbNþajtg;süúgmFüm minRtÚvtemøIgenAeRkamExSbNþajtg;süúgTabeT,Iy . RbsinebIExSbNþaj
tg;süúgmFümGacrkSaRbEvgKmøattamExSedkminticCag 3>0Em:Rt CamYYyExSbNþajtg;süúgTab ehIy
ExSbNþajtg;süúgTabminGacgakeTAb:HnwgExSbNþajtg;süúgmFüm enAeBlEdlbegÁalExSbNþaj
tg;süúgTabrlM eBlenaHl½kçx½NÐxagelI min)ac;GnuvtþeLIy.
2> KmøatrvagExSbNþajtg;süúgmFüm nigExSbNþajtg;süúgTabminRtÚvticCag 0>5Em:Rt eLIy enAeBl
EdlExSbNþajtg;süúgmFümCaExSkab minRtÚvticCag 1>0Em:Rt eLIy enAeBlvaCaExSmaneRsam
nigminRtÚvticCag 2>0Em:Rt eLIyenAeBlvaCaExSRsat .
38
3> ExSbNþajtg;süúgmFümminRtÚvkat;ExVgBIeRkamExSbNþajtg;süúgTabeLIy . RbsinebIExSbNþaj
tg;süúgmFümCaExSkab ehIyKmøatrvagExSbNþajtg;süúgmFüm nigExSbNþajtg;süúgTabmanRbEvg
minticCag 0>5Em:Rt enaHl½kçx½NÐxagelIenHmin)ac;GnuvtþeT,Iy .
56>3 ExSbNþajtg;süúgTabeRcIn
enAeBlEdlExSbNþajtg;süúgTabRtÚvtemøIgCitKña b¤ExVgKñaeTAnwgbNþajExStg;süúgTabepSgeTot eBlenaH
KmøatrvagExSbNþajtg;süúgTabTaMgBIrRtÚvmanRbEvgy:agticbMput 0>6Em:Rt . enAeBlExSmYyCaExSkab
nigExSmYyeTotCaExSkabEdr b¤CaExSeRsam eBlenaHKmøatRtÚvmanRbEvgy:agticbMput 0>3Em:Rt .
56>4 ExSbNþajtg;süúgmFümnigExSbNþajKmnaKmn_
enAeBlEdlExSbNþajtg;süúgmFümRtÚvtemøIgCitKña b¤ExVgKñaCamYyExSbNþajKmnaKmn_ eBlenaHExSbNþaj

tg;süúgmFümRtÚvtemøIgtamviFIdUcxageRkam ³
1> ExSbNþajtg;süúgmFümminRtÚvtemøIgeRkamExSbNþajKmnaKmn_eLIy . RbsinebIExSbNþajtg;süúg

mFümrkSaKmøattamExSedkminTabCag 0>3Em:Rt CamYyExSbNþajKmnaKmn_ ehIyExSbNþaj
KmnaKmn_k¾minGacb:HeTAnwgExSbNþajtg;süúgmFümenAeBlbegÁalénExSbNþajrlM eBlenaHlkç½x½NÐ
xagelIGacminGnuvtþ)an .
2> KmøatrvagExSbNþajtg;süúgmFüm nigExSbNþajKmnaKmn_RtÚvy:agticbMput 0>5Em:Rt enAeBlEdl
ExSbNþajtg;süúgmFümCaExSkab RtÚvy:agticbMput 1>0Em:Rt enAeBlEdlExSCaExSeRsam nigRtÚv
y:agticbMput 2>0Em:Rt enAeBlEdlExSCaExSRsat .
3> ExSbNþajtg;süúgmFümminRtÚvkat;ExVgeRkamExSbNþajKmnaKmn_eLIy . RbsinebIExSbNþaj
tg;süúgmFümCaExSkabehIyKmøatrvagExSbNþajtg;süúgmFüm nigExSbNþajKmnaKmn_y:agticbMput
0>5Em:Rt eBlenaHl½kçx½NÐxagelIGacminGnuvtþ)an .
56>5 ExSbNþajtg;süúgTab nigExSbNþajKmnaKmn_
enAeBlExSbNþajtg;süúgTabRtÚvtemøIgCitKña b¤kat;ExVgKñaCamYyExSbNþajKmnaKmn_ enaHExSbNþaj
tg;süúgTab RtÚvtemøIgtamviFIdUcxageRkam ³
1> ExSbNþajtg;süúgTabminRtÚvkat;ExVgeRkamExSbNþajKmnaKmn_eT,Iy . RbsinebIviFIdéTeTotminman

lkçN³bec©keTsCak;EsþgedIm,IGnuvtþ)anenaH l½kçx½NÐenHGacminGnuvtþ)an .
2> KmøatrvagExSbNþajtg;süúgTab nigExSbNþajKmnaKmn_minRtÚvticCag 0>3Em:Rt enAeBlEdl
ExSbNþajtg;süúgTabCaExSkab nigminticCag 0>6Em:Rt enAeBlEdlExSCaExSeRsam .
39
EpñkTI 8
l½kçx½NÐTUeTAcMeBaHkartemøIgExSGKÁisnIkñúgeKhsßan
maRta 57 ³ kMritGIusULg;
er:sIusþg;GIusULg;rvagExScmøgtg;süúgTab nigrvagesoKVIGKÁisnI nigdItamEdnkMNt;tg;süúgNUmINal;énesoKVI EdlEck
dac;BIKñaedayRbdab;pþac; b¤DIsg;T½rkarBarcrnþelIs minRtÚvtUcCagtémøkMNt;kñúgtaragxageRkameLIy .
RbsinebIkarvas;er:sIusþg;GIusULg;mankarlM)ak crnþRCab eTAdIGacrkSa[enARtwm 1 mIløIGaMEBr b¤tUcCagk¾)an .
tg;süúgNUmINal;énesoKVI tg;süúgsakl,g D.C er:sIusþg;GIusULg;

[v:ul] [v:ul] [MΩ]
500v:ul b¤tUcCag 500 FMCag 0>5

elIsBI 500v:ul 1000 FMCag 1>0
karP¢ab;ExSdIRtÚvGnuvtþ[RsbtamkarkMNt;kñúgmaRta39 .
RtÚvtemøIgRbdab;sMrab;karBarcrnþelIs [RsbtammaRta 36 .
enAelIesoKVIGKÁisnIsMrab;pÁt;pÁg;GKÁisnIdl;brikça nigeRKOgRbdab;tg;süúgTabEdlRKbedayRbGb;elah³ nigEdltemøIg
enAkEnøggayb:HBal; EdlGacmaneRKaHfñak;dl;mnusS RtÚvtemøIgRbdab;karBarmYyedIm,Ikat;pþac;esoKVIedaysV½yRbvtþi
enAeBlmankarqøgb:HdIekIteLIgkñúgesoKVIGKÁisnI . eTaHCay:agenHk¾edaykatBVkic©temøIgRbdab;enH GacRtÚvelIkElg
RbsinebIsßanPaBsßitenAeRkamkrNINamYydUcxageRkamenH ³
1> RbsinebIbrikça nigRbdab;epSg²)antemøIgenAkEnøgEdls¶Üt
2> RbsinebIbrikça nigRbdab;epSg²)anRKbCitedayekAs‘UC½rsMeyaKb¤vtßúFatuGIusULg;epSgeTot
3> kñúgkrNIpÁt;pÁg;GKÁisnIdl;brikçabMPøWbnÞan; .l. Edlkarkat;pþac;esoKVIGaceFVI[b:HBal;dl;karFana
suvtßiPaBsaFarN³ .
maRta 61 ³ karerobcMExSkñúgGKar
61>1 karkMritcMeBaHkareRbIExSRsat
minRtÚveRbIExSRsatsMrab;karerobcMExSGKÁisnIkñúgGKareLIy .
40
61>2 sBaØaénExSGKÁisnIkñúgGKar
ExSNWtRtÚvmanBN’exov b¤exμA ehIyExSkarBarRtÚvmanBN’ébtg b¤ébtglays b¤elOg .
maRta 62 ³ eRKOgRbdab;énbNþajGKÁisnIkñúgGaKar
eRKOgRbdab;énbNþajGKÁisnIkñúgGaKarEdlP¢ab;eTAnwgesoKVIGKÁisnIxagkñúgGKar RtÚvtemøIgdUcxageRkam ³
1> minRtÚvdak;Epñk EdlmanGKÁisnIenAcMheT l½kçx½NÐenHGacGnueRKaH)ancMeBaHkEnøgNa Edl)anerobcM
karbiT)aMgmin[mnusSecj cUleRkABIRbtibtiþkr .
2> eRKOgRbdab;enHRtÚvtP¢ab;[)anENn nigedaysuvtßiPaBedaymYlbNþwgnwgex©A b¤rbs;RsedogKña .
bEnßmeTot minRtÚv[mankMlaMgTajemkanicNaeFVIskmμPaBelIcMNuctP¢ab;enHeT .
3> ExSGKÁisnIkñúgGaKar RtÚvmanExScMlgteTAdIkarBar edIm,IFanakarP¢ab;eTAdIénbrikçaGKÁisnI .
maRta 63 ³ viFItemøIgRbdab;eRbIR)as;GKÁisnIkñúgGaKar
Rbdab;eRbIR)as;GKÁisnIkñúgGKarRtÚvtemøIgdUcxageRkam ³
1> minRtÚvdak;EpñkEdlmanGKÁisnIénbrikçaGKÁisnIkñúgpÞH[enAcMheT .
2> minRtÚvdak;EpñkEdlmanGKÁisnIénRbdab;eRbIR)as;GKÁisnICMnYjtg;süúgTab[enAcMheT . eTaHCay:agenH
k¾eday l½kçx½NÐxagelIminRtÚvykmkGnuvtþcMeBaHRbdab;eRbIR)as;GKÁisnIEdlEpñkmanGKÁisnIxøHrbs;va
RtÚvdak;cMhecosmin)an nigkñúgkrNIEdlRbdab;eRbIR)as;TaMgenH RtÚv)antemøIgenAkEnøgEdlminGac[
mnusSNamñak;cUlrYc eRkABIRbtibtiþkr .
3> RbsinebIRbdab;eRbIR)as;GKÁisnIkñúgGKarRtÚv)antP¢ab;eTAnwgExScMlgGKÁisnI ExScMlgGKÁisnIenaHRtÚvEt
tP¢ab;[)anENn nigditl¥ . bEnßmeTot minRtÚv[mankMlaMgTajemkanicNamYyenAelIcMNuc
tP¢ab;enaHeT,Iy .
maRta 64 ³ kaerobcMExSGKÁisnICitKña nigExVgKñaenAkñúgGKar
ExSGKÁisnItg;süúgTabkñúgGKar RtÚvtemøIgtamreboby:agNa kMu[b:HeTAnwgExSbNþajTUrKmnaKmn_ bMBg;pÁt;pÁg;Twk bMBg;
]sμ½n b¤vtßúRsedogKñaepSg²eTot .
maRta 65 ³ kartemøIgeRkAGKar kñúgTItaMgGñkeRbIR)as;

65>1 ExSbNþajGakastg;süúgTabP¢ab;mkTItaMgGñkeRbIR)as;
41
1> kMBs;BIdI
kMBs;BIépÞdIminRtÚvTabCag 4Em:Rt eT nigminRtÚvTabCag 6>5Em:Rt eT sMrab;ExSqøgkat;pøÚv .
2> KmøatCamYyvtßúdéTeTot
ExSGakastg;süúgTab P¢ab;mkTItaMgGñkeRbIR)as;RtÚvtemøIg[RsbtammaRta 55 . sMrab;GKar
EdlkñúgenaHExSGakastg;süúgTabP¢ab;mkTItaMgGñkeRbIR)as; RtÚv)antemøIgedaypÞal; b¤RbsinebIman
karBi)akbec©keTskñúgkartemøIgmeFüa)ay[RsbtammaRta 55 enaH ExSGakastg;süúgTabenHRtÚv
temøIgy:agNa min[mnusSGacb:Hva)aneTaHbICaGñkenaHsn§wgédecjBIbg¥Ücrebog b¤kEnøgqøgkat;EdlmnusS
TUeTAGaccUleTAdl;k¾eday .
65>2 kartemøIgeRkAGaKardéTeTotkñúgTItaMgGñkeRbIR)as;
ExSGKÁisnI b¤ExSkabRtÚvsßitenAkñúgbMBg;RbsinebImnusSGacmanlT§PaBb:Hva .
rn§s‘kbnþcrnþGKÁisnI RtÚvEtCaRbePTmincUlTwk RbsinebITItaMgenaHGacrgTwkePøóg .
RbsinebIeXIjfaGacmaneRKaHfñak; RtÚvtemøIgRbdab;karBar .
42
l½kçx½NÐlMGit
énsþg;dabec©keTsGKÁisnI
1- l½kçx½NÐlMGitsRmab;meFüa)aybBa¢Ún nigEckcay
2- l½kçx½NÐlMGitsRmab;meFüa)ayplitkmµ]NðGKÁisnI
RksYg]sSahkmµ Er: nigfamBl

Exkkáda qñaM 2007
43
44
45
l½kçx½NÐlMGitsRmab;meFüa)ay
bBa¢Ún nigEckcay
46
matika
CMBUk 1
esckþIepþIm
maRta 1 ³ niymn½y
maRta 2 ³ eKalbMNg
maRta 3 ³ visalPaB
maRta 5 ³ RbePTmeFüa)aybBa¢ÚnnigEckcayGKÁisnI
CMBUk 2
bBaØtþiTUeTAsRmab;meFüa)aybBa¢ÚnnigEckcayGKÁisnI
EpñkTI 1
bBaØtþiTUeTA
maRta 8 ³ karbgáareRKaHfñak;bNþalmkBImeFüa)ayGKÁisnI
maRta 10 ³ karbgáarkarxUcmeFüa)ayGKÁisnIedayeRKaHFmµCati
maRta 12 ³ karkarBarbrikçaGKÁisnITl;nwgcrnþelIs
47
maRta 14 ³ karkarBarbrisßan
maRta 16 ³ l½kçx½NÐTak;TgnwgkareFVIKeRmagerobcMmeFüa)ayGKÁisnI
maRta 17 ³ Éksarbec©keTsrbs;meFüa)ayGKÁisnI nigkarTukdak;EfrkSava
EpñkTI2
karP¢ab;ExSdI
maRta 20 ³ l½kçx½NÐTUeTAénkarP¢ab;ExSdI
maRta 21 ³ cMNat;fñak;karP¢ab;ExSdI
maRta 22 ³ karrP¢ab;ExSdIsRmab;ExSbNþajGKÁisnI
maRta 23 ³ karP¢ab;ExSdIsMrab;eragcRkGKÁisnI GnusßanIy sßanIyEbgEck
nigTItaMgrbs;GñkeRbIR)as;tg;süúgx<s; nigtg;süúgmFüm
maRta 24 ³ karP¢ab;ExSdIsRmab;ExSbNþajEckcay nigTItaMgrbs;GñkeRbIR)as;
tg;süúgTab
EpñkTI3
ExScmøg
maRta 25 ³ ExScmøgsRmab;meFüa)aybBa¢Ún nigEckcay
maRta 26 ³ kartP¢ab;ExScmøg
maRta 27 ³ emKuNsuvtßiPaBrbs;ExSRsat nigExSdIénbNþajGakas
maRta 28 ³ kareRbIR)as;Ek,rKña nigkareRbIR)as;rYmKñaénbNþajGKÁisnI
b£bNþajKmnaKmn_
maRta 29 ³ bNþajeRkamdI
48
CMBUk 3
meFüa)aybBa¢Úntg;süúgx<s;
maRta 30 ³ ]bkrN_karBarsRmab;brikçaGKÁisnI
maRta 31 ³ karerobcMbegÁalRTExSGakastg;süúgx<s;
maRta 32 ³ kareRKagRbdab;RTsRmab;sMrab;ExScmøg nig¼b¤sRmab;ExSdIénExS
bNþajGakastg;süúgx<s;
maRta 33 ³ karkarBarTl;nwgrnÞHsRmab;ExSbNþajGakastg;süúgx<s;
maRta 35 ³ KmøatrvagExSRsat nigbegÁalRTénExSbNþajGakastg;süúgx<s;
maRta 37 ³ KmøatrvagExSbNþajGakastg;süúgx<s; nigmeFüa)aydéTeTot
b¤edImeQI
maRta 38 ³ karbgáarcMeBaHeRKaHfñak; nigkarrMxanBIGaMgDucsüúgeGLicRtÚsþaTic nig
GaMgDucsüúgeGLicRtÚma:ejTic
CMBUk 4
meFüa)ayEckcaytg;süúgmFüm nigtg;süúgTab
maRta 40 ³ begÁalRT
maRta 41 ³ ExSbNþajGakastg;süúgmFüm nigtg;süúgTab
maRta 42 ³ kMlaMgemkanicénGuIsULaT½r
49
maRta 44 ³ kartemøIgRtg;sV½rm:aT½rEckcaysRmab;RbB½n§ExSeTalcrnþRtLb;tamdI
(SWER)
maRta 46 ³ kMBs;énExSbNþajGakastg;süúgmFüm nigtg;süúgTab
maRta 47 ³ KmøatrvagExSbNþajGakastg;süúgmFüm nigtg;süúgTab nigvtßú
déTeTot
maRta 48 ³ lkç½x½NÐenACitKña nigkat;ExVgKñaénExSbNþajGakastg;süúgmFüm
nigtg;süúgTab
ÉksarP¢ab; ³ karBnül;lMGitsþg;dabec©keTsGKÁisnIsRmab;meFüa)aybBa¢Ún
nigEckcay
50
CMBUk 1
esckþIepþIm
51
maRta 1 ³ niymn½y
enAkñgú l½kçx½NÐlMGti énsþg;dabec©keTsGKÁs

i nIenH RbsinebIBuMmankarbBa¢ak;xmøw sarNaepSgeT
BaküTaMgLayxageRkamenH RtÚvmanniymn½ydUckarBnül;xageRkam³
1> G>G>k
: G>G>k : KWCaGkSrkat;énGaCJaFrGKÁisnIkm<úCa .
2> ExSbNþajGKÁs i nI
:ExSbNþajGKÁisnI : KWCaEpñkmYyénmeFüa)ayGKÁs i nI EdleRbIsrM ab;bBa¢Únb¤pÁt;pÁg;GKÁs
i nI .
ExSbNþajGKÁisnItPa¢b;saß nIyGKÁs
i nI Gnusaß nIy sßanIyEbgEck nigkEnøgeRbIR)as;GKÁs i nI .
:ExSbNþajGKÁisnI : k¾KitbBa©ÚlTaMgExSbNþajEdlzitenAkñgú Rbdab;karBar nigRbdab;bTi ebIk
Bak;B½n§pgEdr.
3> meFüa)ayGKÁs i nI
:meFüa)ayGKÁs i nI : KWmeFüa)ayTaMgGs;EdlsRmab;plit bBa¢Ún nigpÁt;pÁg;GKÁs
i nI dUcCa
eragcRkplitGKÁs i nI Gnusaß nIy sßanIyEbgEck ExSbNþajGKÁisnI mCÄmNÐlbBa¢a.l.
enAkñgú enHk¾KitbBa©ÚlTaMgbrikça GKar TMnb; pøÚvTwk kEnøgsþúkeRbg\n§n³ nigkEnøgcak;
kaksMNl;.l. Edr .
4> brikçaGKÁisnI
:brikçaGKÁisnI : KWCameFüa)ayGKÁs
i nIEdlmanpÞkú crnþGKÁs
i nI .
5> lTsbG
:lTsbG :KWCaGkSrkat;énBakül½kçx½NÐTUeTAénsþg;dabec©keTsGKÁs
i nI énRBHraCaNacRkkm<Cú a .
6> ExSTb;
ExSTb; KWCaExSEdlCYyBRgwgRKwHrbs;begÁalRT . CaFmµtaeKcgTb;BIcugbegÁalmkCamYynwgdI .
52
7> ExSbNþajtg;süúgx<s;
:ExSbNþajtg;süúgx<s; : KWCaExSbNþajGKÁisnIEdlman tg;süúgx<s;Cag 35 KILvÚ l:u .
8> IEC
IEC KWCaGkSrkat;énBakü International Electrotechnical Commission mann½yfa KNkmµkar
bec©keTsGKÁsi nIGnþrCati .
9> ExSeRsam
:ExSeRsam :mann½yfaKWCaExSEdleRsabedayb:lU IeGTIELn (XLPE) sMrab;ExSbNþajtg;süúgmFüm
nigExSEdleRsabeday XLPE b¤eRsabedayb:UlvI ni IlkÚørY (PVC) sMrab;ExSbNþajtg;süúgTab .
10> ISO
ISO CaGkSrkat;énBakü International Organization for Standardization mann½yfa
GgÁkarGnþrCatisMrab;kargarsþg;da .
11> kareRbI;rYmKña
: kareRbIR)as;rYmKña : KWCal½kçx½NÐmy Y EdlExSbNþajGKÁs i nI nig¼b¤ExSbNþajKmnaKmn_
EdlCakmµsiT§rbs;m©as;2nak; b¤eRcInnak;)antemøgI enAelIbegÁalEtmYy .
12> ExSbNþajtg;süúgTab
:ExSbNþajtg;süúgTab : mann½yfaExSbNþajGKÁisnI Edlmantg;süúgminelIsBI 600v:ul .
13>ExSbNþajtg;süúgmFüm
:ExSbNþajtg;süúgmFüm : mann½yfaExSbNþajGKÁisnI Edlmantg;süúgx<s;Cag600v:ul b:uEnþ
minelIs BI 35 KILvÚ :ul.
14> RbB½n§bNþajCatibBa¢ÚnGKÁs i nI
:RbB½n§bNþajCatibBa¢ÚnGKÁisnI : KWCaRbB½n§tg;süúgx<s;EdlCaq¥gw xñgénExSbNþajbBa¢Ún Edl
tP¢ab;KñaeTAvijeTAmknUvGnusßanIy RBmTaMgmeFüa)ayBak;Bn½ §TaMgLaysMrab;eKalbMNgdwkCBa¢Ún
GKÁs
i nIdMu .
53
15> karerobcMhVapÞúyKña
: karerobcMhaV pÞy
ú Kña : manny½fakar esoKVITI2 esoKVITI1
erobcMExSbNþajGakasEdlman a
c
BIresoKVI EdllMdab; 3 hVa b b
rbs;esoKVImyY RtÚvxusKña nwg a c
esoKVImy
Y eTotdUcman
bgðajenAkñúgKMrUxagsþaM .
16> RTU
RTU KWCaGkSrkat;énBakü Remote Terminal Unit Edl mann½yfa]bkrN_eFVkI arBIcm¶ay

rbs;RbB½n§ SCADA EdltemøgI enAnwgmeFüa)ayGKÁs
i nINamYy sMrab;eFVIkarRtÜtemIl nigbBa¢a
meFüa)ayGKÁsi nIenaHBIcm¶ay .
17> SCADA
SCADA KWCaGkSrkat;énBakü Supervisory, Control, and Data Acquisition mann½yfa

RbB½ns
§ rM ab;RKb;RKg bBa¢a nigTTYlTinñn½y .
18> kareRbIR)as;Ek,rKña
: kareRbIR)as;Ek,rKña : KWCal½kçx½NÐmYyEdlExSbNþajGKÁs
i nI nig¼b¤ExSbNþajKmnaKmn_
rbs;m©as;Et1RtÚvtemøIgenAelIbegÁalTRmmYy .
19> llsbG
:llsbG : KWCaGkSrkat;énBakül½kçx½NÐlMGiténsþg;dabec©keTsGKÁisnIénRBHraCaNacRk
km<úCa .
54
20> GnusßanIy
:GnusßanIy : KWCameFüa)ayGKÁsi nIEdlenATIenaHtg;süúgGKÁisnIRtÚv)anpøas;bÚrþ ehIykñgú enaHman
Rtg;smVÚ :aT½r ]bkrN_karBarrnÞH DIsSúgT½r Rbdab;kat;pþac; Rtg;smVÚ :aT½rtg;süúg
Rtg;smVÚ :aT½rcrnþ r)atg;süúg RbB½nr§ WeLkarBar RTU sMrab;RbB½n§ SCADA,
meFüa)ayTUrKmnaKmn_ .l.
21> begÁalTRm
:begÁalTRm : KWCarcnasm<n½ §srM ab;RTExSbNþajGKÁisnI dUcCabegÁaleQI begÁalEdk
begÁalebtug nigbegÁalbMBg;Edk .
22> SWER
“SWER” KWCaGkSrkat;énBakü Single Wire Earth Return system mann½yfa RbB½n§ExSmYy
cmøgGKÁs
i nIRlb;mkvijtamdI . “SWER” KWCaviFIEckcayGKÁs i nImYyEdleRbIExScMlgEt
mYyExS ehIyGKÁs i nIeFVdI MeNIrRtlb;mkvijtamdI .
23> sßanIyEbgEck
:saß nIyEbgEck : KWCameFüa)ayGKÁisnIsrM ab;bþÚrkarpÁt;pÁg;GKÁsi nI[ExSbNþaj EdlrYmman
Rbdab;pþac;DIsSúgT½r r)atg;süúg RbB½n§rWueLkarBar/ RTU sMrab;RbB½n§ SCADA .l.
:sgþ ;dabec©keTs : mann½yfa Casþg;dabec©keTsGKÁisnI kñúgRBHraCaNacRkkm<úCa.
25> TItaMgGñkeRbIR)as;
:TtI aMgGñkeRbIR)as; : mann½yfa TIkEnøgEdleKtemøgI m:asInu briFan nigeRKOgRbdab;epSgeTot
sMrab;eRbIR)as;GKÁisnI.
maRta 2 ³ eKalbMNg
l½kçx½NÐlMGiténsþg;dabec©keTsGKiÁsnIsRmab;meFüa)aybBa¢Ún nigEckcayGKÁisnI kMNt;

l½kçx½Ns
Ð xM an;²TaMgLayEdlRtÚvkarcaM)ac;sRmab;bBaØtmþi eFüa)aybBa¢Ún nigEckcayGKÁisnI EdlkMBug
man b¤EdlmanEpnkarnwgsagsg;enAkñúgRBHraCaNacRkkm<úCa . l½kçx½NÐTaMgLayEdlkMNt;
55
enAkñgú Éksarsþg;daenH maneKalbMNgsMxan;bpM utKWeFVIy:agNaku[M eRKaHfñak;dl;meFüa)ayGKÁs
i nI
nigmansuvtßiPaBkñúgdMeNIrkarmeFüa)ayGKÁisnIenaH .
maRta 3 ³ visalPaB
meFüa)aybBa¢Ún nigEckcayGKÁs i nITaMgGs;enAkñúgu RBHraCaNacRkm<Cú a RtÚvEtmanlkçN³Rsb

taml½kçx½NÐTaMgLay EdlkMNt;enAkñgú sþg;dabec©keTsenH .
buKÁlTaMgGs; TaMgGñkkan;GaCJab½NÑeFVIesvakmµGKÁs i nI TaMgTIRbwkSabec©keTs TaMgGñkem:Akar
sagsg; nigTaMgGñkeRbIR)as;GKÁisnI EdlBak;B½n§nwgkarsikSa karerobcM karsagsg; nigkardMeNIrkar
meFüa)aybBa¢Ún nigEckcayGKÁs i nI enAkñgú RBHraCaNacRkkm<Cú a RtÚvEteKarBtaml½kçx½NÐTaMgLay
EdlmanEcgenAkñgú l½kçx½NÐlMGti énsþg;dabec©keTsGKiÁsnIenH .
meFüa)aybBa¢Ún nigEckcayGKÁs i nI EdlmanEpnkarnwgsagsg;RBmTaMgdak;[dMeNIrkarenAkñgú

RBHraCaNacRkkm<Cú a RtÚveKarBtamsþg;dabec©keTsGKÁisnIénRBHraCaNacRkkm<úCa . kñúgkrNI
EdlbBaðaNamYyminmanEcgkñgú sþg;dabec©keTsenHeT RtÚveKarBtamsþg;da IEC . RbsinebI
bBaðaenHminmankMNt;enAkñgú sþg;da IEC eT eBlenaHRtÚveKarBtamsþg;da ISO . RbsinebIbBaðaenH
enAEtminmankMNt;enAkñgú sþg;da ISO eTenaH eBlenaHRtÚveKarBtamsþg;daNamYyEdlmankar
TTYlsÁal;CaGnþrCati kñgú l½kçx½NÐEdlmankaryl;RBmBIRksYg]sSahkmµ Er: nigfamBl .
meFüa)aybBa¢Ún nigEckcayGKÁs
i nIEdlbBaØteþi nAkñúgl½kçx½NÐlGM iténsþg;dabec©keTsGKiÁsnIenH
RtÚv)anEbgEckCa 2 RbePT KW ³
- meFüa)aytg;süúgx<s;
- meFüay)aytg;süúgmFüm nigTab
1>sþg;datg;süúg
tg;süúg AC RtUvGnuvtþtamtaragxageRkam³
56
cMNat;fñak;tg;süúg lMdab;fñak;tg;süúg tg;süúgNUmINal; tg;süúgGtibrima
NUmINal;
tg;süúgTab 600v:ul b¤tcU Cag 230¼400v:lu
FMCag 600v:ul
tg;süúgmFüm 35KILvÚ l:u 22KILÚvul: 24KILÚvul:
b¤ tUcCag
FMCag 115KILÚvul: 123KILÚvul:
tg;süúgx<s;
35KILvÚ l:u 230KILÚv:ul 245KILÚv:ul
kñgú krNIEdlkarGPivDÆn_vis½yGKÁisnIenAkñgú RBHraCaNacRkkm<úCa mantRmÚvkarcaM)ac;kgñú kar

eRbIR)as;tg;süúgNUmNI al;NamYyEdlBumM ankMNt;kgñú taragxagelI RksYg]sSahkmµ Er: nigfamBl
GacecjRbkas[eRbIR)as;tg;süúgNUmINal;enaHedayELk .
6>2 karERbRbÜléntg;süúg
tg;süúgcrnþqøas;enAcMNucpÁtp; Ág;tg;süúgTabRtÚvEt rkSatémøtg;süúg[)anRsbeTAtamtémøEdl
kMNt;kñúgtaragxageRkam tamkMrittg;süúgNUmINal;énRbB½n§ ³
tg;süúgNUmINal;RbB½n§ témøEdlRtÚvrkSa[)an
230v:lu
dl; 253 v:lu
kñúgcenøaHBI 360 v:lu
400v:lu
dl; 440 v:lu
eTaHbICamanKmøaténkarERbRbYltg;süúg)ankMNt;enAkñgú taragxagelI karERbRbYltg;süúgGac
mantémøxusBItaraMgkMNt;xagelI EtkñúgkrNIdUcxageRkam³
-Gñkkan;GaCJab½NÑmanEtExSbNþajEckcaytg;süúgTab
-cMNucpÁt;pÁg;EdlmanKmøattg;süúgxuusBItémøkMNt;kñúgtaragxagelI PaKeRcInKWenAxagcugExS
-tg;süúgminb:³Bal;dl;]bkrN_rbs;Gkñ eRbIR)as;
-Gñkkan;GaCJab½NÑmankaryl;RBmBIGñkeRbIR)as;
57
CMBUk 2
bBaØtþiTUeTA
sRmab;meFüa)ay
bBa¢ÚnnigEckcayGKÁisnI
58
EpñkTI 1
bBaØtþiTUeTA
brikçaGKÁisnIRtÚvEttemøIgtamrebobEdlminbNþal[mankarqk;GKÁs
i nI GKÁiP½y nigeRKaHfñak;
déTeTot .
meFüa)ayGKÁs i nIRtÚvtemøIgedaymanviFankarN_karBarRtwmRtÚv min[GñkdMeNIrkarb:HBal;dl;
Epñkmancrnþ EpñkEdlekþA nigEpñkEdlmaneRKaHfñak;déTeTotrbs;va ehIynigbgáamin[GñkdMeNIrkar
GacFøak;BIelImeFüa)ayTaMgenaHedayécdnü .
1>suvtßPi aBcMeBaHCnTI3enAGnusßanIy nigsßanIyEbgEckGKÁs i nI
RtÚvcat;viFankarN_smRsbedIm,IbgáarCnTI3min[cUleTAkñúgGnusaß nIy nigsßanIyEbgEck
GKÁs
i nI . viFankarN_TaMgenHman ³
k> RtÚvmanrbgb¤CBa¢aMgxageRkAEdlx½NÐbrievNxageRkABIbrievNxagkñúg . kMBs;rbg b¤CB¢aMg
xageRkAenHminRtÚvTabCag 1800 mm eLIy . KmøatBIRBMRbTl;énrbg b¤CBa¢aMg eTAbrikça
GKÁs
i nI minRtÚvtUcCagcMnYnEdl)ankMNt;enAkñúgtaragxageRkameLIy .
taragTI3-KmøatRBMRbTl;énrbg b¤CBa¢aMg eTAbrikaç GKÁisnI
kMrittg;süúg kBs;rbg b¤CBa¢aMg KmøatBIRBMRbTl;eTAbrikçaGKÁs
i nI : mIløIEm:Rt :
KILvÚ l:u mIlEøI m:Rt krNICBa¢aMg krNIrbg
22 minticCag 1800 minticCag 2100 minticCag 2600
x> RtÚvdak;pøaksBaØabgðajBIeRKaHfñak; enARckecjcUledImIÇ[CnTI3I RbúgRby½tñ . edayELk
enAtamrbg b¤enAtamCBa¢aMg RbsinebIcaM)ac;k¾RtÚvdak;pøaksBaØaeRKaHfñak;Edr .
59
K> RtÜverobcM[manesarb¤Rbdab;smRsbdéTeTot enARckecjcUl .
2>suvtßiPaBcMeBaHCnTI3enAbeegÁalRTExSGKÁs i nI
RtÚvcat;viFankarN_smRsbedIm,IbgáarCnTI3min[eLIgeTAelIbegÁalRTExSbNþajGakasGKÁs i nI .
edIm,IbgáareRKaHfñak;cMeBaHCnTI3Bak;B½n§nwgbegÁalRTExSbNþajGKÁs i nIRtÚvGnuvtþvFi ankarN_dUcxageRkam³
- minRtÚvtemøIgCeNþrI elahHénbegÁalTRmenAkMBs;TabCag 1>8 Em:Rt BIdeI LIy
- sBaØaRbúgRby½teñ dIm,I[CnTI3dwgBIeRKaHfñak; RtÚvtemøIgenAtambegÁalRTnImYy²
- cMeBaHExSbNþajtg;süúgx<s;RtÚvtemøIgr)aMgsmRsbenARKb;eCIgbegÁalTRm edIm,IkarBar
CnTI3min[eLIgeTAelIbegÁalTRm)an . b:Eu nþkgñú krNIEdlbegÁalTRmmanTItaMgsßti enA
kEnøgEdlCnTI3Bi)aknwgcUleTACit)an dUcCaenAelIPñM b¤k¾manrbgb¤CBa¢aMgEdlmankMBs;
smlµmh‘MBu ½T§begÁalTRm eBlenaHGacmi)ac;temøIgr)aMgkarBarenAeCIgbegÁal)an .
RtÚvmanviFankarsmRsb edIm,IbI gáarmeFüa)ayGKÁisnImin[xUcedayeRKaHFmµCati Edl)an

BüakrN_Tku Camun dUcCaTwkCMnn; rnÞH rB¢aÜ ydI nigxül;bk;xøaMg .
- enAeBlmeFüa)ayGKÁisnINamYyxUcF¶n;F¶r meFüa)ayenaHRtÚvEtpþac;ecjBIRbB½n§GKÁs i nIya: gNa

edIm,I[\T§iBlénkarxUcrbs;vaeTAelIRbB½n§GacfycuHenAkMrittictYcbMput ehIyRbB½n§enaHGacman
lT§PaBenAbnþdMeNIrkarCaFmµta .
- enAeBlmankMhUcRbB½n§GKÁisnIekIteLIgenAkñúgRbB½n§mYy EdlP¢ab;CamYymeFüa)ayplitkmµGKÁisnImYy
meFüa)ayplitkmµGKÁisnIenaHRtÚvEtpþac;ecjBIRbB½n§Paø m edIm,I[ehSenr:aT½rrbs;vadMeNIrkarbnþeTot
edayKµanbnÞúk rg;caMkarCYsCulEktRmÚvRbB½n§[FmµtaeLIgvij .
- enAeBlEdlmankMhUcelIExSbNþajGKÁs i nIekIteLIg tMbn;pþac;crnþRtÚvbnßy[enAcMnYntictYcbMput
tamlT§PaBGaceFVI)an edaykat;pþac;EtEpñkNaEdlmankMhcU b¤edayeRbIviFIsmRsbdéTeTot .
60
maRta 12- karkarBarbrikçaGKÁisnITl;nwgcrnþelIs
1> lkçN³TUeTA
edIm,IkarBarbrikçarGKÁs
i nIkuM[eLIgkMedAhYsedaycrnþelIsxøaMg nigedIm,IkarBarkMu[ekItmanGKÁIPy
½
RtÚvtemøIg]bkrN_karBarcrnþelIsenAkEnøgsmRsbénesoKVIGKÁisnI .
2> lkçN³én]bkrN_karBarcrnþelIssRmab;ExSbNþajtg;süúgx<s; nigExSbNþajtg;süúgmFüm
k> lkçN³énhVúysSIbEdleRbIsRmab;karBarcrnþelIsenAelIesVóKVGI KÁs i nItg;süúgmFümRtÚvGnuelam
eTAtamkarkMNt;én IEC 60282 (2002-01) [hVy ú sSIbtg;süúgx<s; ] .
x> lkçN³énDIsSúgT½rEdleRbIsRmab;karBarcrnþelIsenAelIesVóKVGI KÁs i nItg;süúgmFümRtÚvGnuelam
eTAtamkarkMNt;én IEC 62271 [Rbdab;kat;pþac;nigRbdab;cucbBa¢a] .
K> DIsSúgT½rkarBarcrnþelIs RtÚvmaneRKOgRbdab;sKM al;BIsaß nPaBbiTebIkrbs;va .eTaHCay:agenH
k¾eday RbsinebIeKGacsMKal;saß nPaBbiTebIkrbs;vaedaygayRsYlenaH vamincaM)ac;man
Rbdab;sKM al;enHeT .
edIm,ITb;sáat;karxUcbrikçaGKÁisnI karqk;GKÁisnI nigGKÁIPy
½ edaysarkarqøgb:HdI RtÚvtemøIg
]bkrN_karBarTl;nwgkarqøgb:HdI b¤manviFankarN_smRsbdéTeTot .
1> l½kçx½NÐeKarBsþg;dabrisßan
edIm,Ibgáarku[M mankarbMBulbrisßan meFüa)ayGKÁs
i nIRtÚvEtsagsg;eLIgRsbeTAtamc,ab;
nigbTb,BaØtþi brisaß nnana enAkñgú RBHraCaNacRkkm<úCa .
2> karhamXat;min[temøgI eRKOgm:asunI b¤brikçaGKÁisnIEdleRbIb:UlkI øÚrINatehVNul¬ehAkat;fa PCB ¦

k> kartemøgI brikçaGKÁs
i nIfIµEdleRbIeRbgrMGli CaGus
I LU g; ehIykñgú enaHmansarFatu PCB
eRcInCag0/005 PaKry ¬50 ppm¦ eLIgeTA RtÚv)anhamXat; .
61
x GacGnuBaØat[eRbIR)as;brikçaGKÁs
i nIEdlkMBugmanbc©úb,nñ eTaHCakñgú brikçaenaHmansarFatu
PCB k¾eday RbsinebIbrikçaGKÁisnIenaHRtÚv)antemøg I muneBll½kçx½NÐlm¥iténsþg;dabec©keTs
GKÁs
i nIcUlCaFrman b:Eu nþRtÚvcat;vFi ankarN_manRbsiT§PaB edIm,IkarBarku[M sarFatu PCB
licFøayecjBIFugeRbg .
K enAeBlEdlvtßúFatuEdlmansarFatu PCB eRcInCag 0/005 PaKry¬50ppm¦ RtÚv)an
ykecjBIbrikçaGKÁs
i nINamYy vtßúFatuenHenHminRtÚvykeTAeRbIenAkñgú brikçaGKÁs i nImYyeToteLIy
KWRtÚvrMlayecal[)anRtwmRtÚv dUcCasMNl;Bul]sSahkmµ .
meFüa)ayGKÁs
i nIRI tÚvEtzitefrsMrab;kareRbIR)as;RbkbedayRbsiTP§ aB nigsßri PaBkñgú ry³eBlEvg.
kñúgkareFVIKeRmagerobcMmeFüa)ayGKÁsi nI kareRCIserIssMPar³ karpÁúM nigtemøgI brikçarEdlBak;B½n§

RtÚveFVIkarføgw EføgemKuNsuvtißPaB[)ansmRsb edIm,ITb;Tl;nwgsPaBtantwgEdlGacBüakrN_Tku Camun
dUcCasPaB nigPaBFn;rbs;Gus I ULg;tantwgedaykMedA sPaBtantwgedayemkanic.
1-karsRmbsRmÜlkMritGuIsULg;
RtÚveFVIkarsRmbsRmÜlkMritGus
I LU g;rbs;brikçanigmeFüa)ayGKÁs
i nInana dUcCasßanIyGKÁs
i nI
bNþajbBa¢Ún bNþajEckcay y:agNaedIm,I[vaGaczitenAkñúgl½kçx½NÐmYyEdlsmehtuplCageK
edayKitKUrelIRKb;bBaða dUcCabec©keTs esdækic© nigkardMeNIrkar . kñúgkarsRmbsRmÜlkMrit
Gus
I LU g;; RtÚvykcitþTku dak;cMNucsMxan;xøHdUcxageRkam ³
k> tg;süúgsþg;daRTaM)anrbs;Gs
uI ULg;
kñúgkareRCIserIsbrikçaGKÁs
i nI GusI LU g;rbs;brikçaenaHRtÚvsmRsbCamYynwg :tg;süúgsþg;da
rbs;GaMBulepøkbenÞarEdlGuIsULg;RTaM)an : nig : tg;süúgsþg;darbs;eRhVkg;ry³eBlxøI
EdlGusI LU g;RTaM)an : Edlmanbgðajkñúgtarag :tg;süúgsþg;daRTaM)anrbs;Gs uI LU g; :
xageRkam .
62
taragTI4-tg;süúgsþg;daRTaM)anrbs;Gus
I ULg;
tg;süúgNUmINal; 22kV 115kV 230kV

tg;süúgsþg;darbs;GaMBulepøkbenÞarEdlGus
I LU g;RTaM)an 95,125,145kV 550kV 950kV
tg;süúgsþg;darbs;eRhVkg;ry³eBlxøEI dlGusI LU g;RTaM)an 50kV 230kV 360,395kV
x> kartemøIg]bkrN¾cab;crnþRcal
RtÚveFVIkarRKb;RKg :GaMBulepøkbenÞar : nig :GaMBulénkarbiTebIk :
edaytemøIg]bkrN¾cab;crnþ Rcal edIm,IsRmbsRmÜlva[)anRtwmRtÚv; .
K> karsRmbsRmÜlkMritGus I ULg;rbs;eragcRkGKÁs

i nI GnusßanIy nigExSbNþajbB¢Úan
edImI,bgáarTl;nwgGaMBulepøkbenÞar EdleRCótcUleTAeragcRkGKÁisnI Gnusaß nIy sßanIyEbgEck
BIExSbNþajbB¢aÚ n [)anCaGtibrmaKmøaténk,alekagRcalGKÁisnIrbs;begÁalEdkCiteragcRk
GKÁs
i nI Gnusaß nIy sßanIyEbgEck RtÚvsRmbsRmÜlCamYykMrittg;süúgsþg;daRTaM)an
rbs;brikçaGKÁs
i nIenAkñgú eragcRkGKÁsi nI Gnusaß nIy nigsßanIyEbgEck .
2> kMlaMgDIeGLicRTicenAkñúgesoKVIGKÁisnI
RtÚvBinitükMlaMgDIeGLicRTicrbs;esoKVIGKÁisnI[)anc,as;las; edaykareFVeI tsþkMlaMgDIeGLicRTic

karvas;er:sus
I þg;GuIsULg; .l. edIm,IFanafalT§PaBdMeNIrkarrbs;vaRtÚvKñaCamYytg;süúgNUmINal;
rbs;va .
bEnßmBIelIenH muneBlcab;epþImdMeNIrkarRtÚveFVIkabBa¢ak;kMlaMgDIeGLicRTic[)anc,as; edaykar
bBa©Últg;süúgNUmINal;[esoKVIenaHCab;bnþKañ cMnYn 10 naTI .
eTaHCay:agenHk¾eday RbsinebItg;süúgNUmINal;rbs;esoKVGI KÁs i nIKWCatg;süúgTab eKGaceFVeI tsþ
edayRtwmEtvas;er:ss uI gþ ;GuIsULg; b¤crnþRCabecjb:eu NÑaH . kñúgkrNIvas;crnþRCabecj GacrkSa
crnþenHRtwmkMrit 1 mIlIGaMEBr b¤ TabCagenH KWCakarRKb;RKan; .
3> kMlaMgFn;nigkMedAénbrikçaGKÁs i nI
brikçaGKÁs
i nIEdltemøIgenAGnusßanIy sßanIyEbgEck nigkEnøgeRbIR)as;GKÁs i nItg;süúgmFüm
nigx<s; RtÚvmanlT§PaBFn;nwgkMedA EdlbegátI eLIgedaybrikçarGKÁs
i nI kñúgkardMeNIrkarFmµta .
63
4> kMlaMgFn;emkanikrbs;brikçarGKÁs i nITl;nwgcrnþqøgb:H
ehSeNer:Tr½ Rtg;sVÚm:aT½r kMub:g;saT½rfamBler:Gak;TvI Rbdab;ebIkbiT r)artg;süúg
nigGus
I LU aT½rEdlRTr)artg;süúg EdltemøgI enAGnusßanIy nigkEnøgeRbIR)as;GKÁs
i nItg;süúgmFüm nigx<s;
RtÚvmanlT§PaBFn;nwgkMlaMgTgÁci emkanikEdlbgáeLIgedaycrnþqøgb:H .
5> karbgáakarxUcxatedaysarFugmansm<aF
brikçaGKÁs
i nIEdleRbI]s½nµ CaGuIsULg;EdltemøIgenAkñgú GnusßanIy sßanIyEbgEck nigkEnøgeRbIR)as;
GKÁs
i nItg;süúgmFüm nigx<s; RtÚverobcMdUcxageRkam edIm,IecosvagnUvmhnþrayNamYy
EdlQandl;karxUcxat ³
¬k¦ sMPar³ nigrcnasm<n½ énEpñkTaMgLayEdlrgnUvsm<aF RtÚvmanlT§PaBFn;nwgsm<aF

dMeNIrkarGtibrma nigRtÚvFanasuvtþiPaBpgEdr
¬x¦ EpñkTaMgLayEdlrgnUvsm<aFRtÚvFn;nwgeRcHsuI
¬K¦ ]s½µnGuIsULg; minRtÚvCa]sµ½ngayeqH eRcHsuI nigCa]sµn½ RbkbedayeRKaHfñak;
enaHeT
¬X¦ FugpÞkú ]sµ½nRtÚvFn;nwgsm<aF]sµn½ EdlekIneLIgenAEpñkxagkñgú brikçaGIs
u LU g;]sµ½n
kñgú ry³eBlmankMhUcyUr .
maRta 17 ³ Éksarbec©keTsrbs;meFüa)ayGKÁisnI
edIm,IFanakarpÁt;pÁg;GKÁs
i nIsrM ab;ry³eBlEvg meFüa)ayGKÁs
i nInimYy²RtÚvEtmanKMnUsbøg;caM)ac;
nana kMNt;RtaénkartemøgI k,Ünbec©keTs esovePAENnaM kMNt;RtakardMeNIrkar EdlcaM)ac;
sMrab;kargarEfTaMbrikçaGKÁs
i nI[)anRtwmRtÚv . ÉksarTaMgenH RtÚvrkSaTuk[)anRtwmRtÚv .
edIm,IFanakarpÁt;pÁg;GKÁs
i nI[)anRbesIr RtÚvEtmanmeFüa)ayKmnaKmn_smRsbEdlmanRbB½n§
SCADA nigRbB½n§KmnaKmn_semøg sRmab;Tn M ak;TnM gkñúgkargarpÁt;pÁg; .
64
1 RbB½n§ SCADA
RbB½n§ SCADARtÚv)aneRbIsRmab;RtYtBinitü nigbBa¢ameFüa)ayGKÁisnITaMgLay EdlrYmman RTU,
ExSTUrKmnaKmn_ nigbnÞbk; uMBüÚTr½ .

k> RTU énRbB½n§ SCADARtÚvtemøIgenAkñgú meFüa)ayGKÁs
i nIya:gNa edIm,IGacRtÜtBinitü
emIlsPaBénRbB½n§bNþajCati nigGacbBa¢ameFüa)ayGKÁs i nITaMgLay BImCÄmNÐl
EbgEckGKÁs i nI .
x> RtÚvtemøIgRbB½n§ SCADA caM)ac;enAmCÄmNÐlEbgEck nigmeFüa)ayGKÁisnI .
2 ExSTUrKmnaKmn_
ExSTUrKmnaKmn_caM)ac;énRbB½n§ SCADA nigRbB½n§KmnaKmn_semøg RtUvtemøIgdUcxageRkam³
2>1 TIkEnøgtemøIg
ExSbNþajcaM)ac;énRbB½n§KmnaKmn_ nigRbB½n§TUrKmnaKmn_RtÚvtemøIgenATIkEnøgdUcxageRkam³
k> rvagmCÄmNÐlCatibBa¢ÚnGKÁs i nI nigmCÄmNÐlEbgEckGKÁs i nI

x> rvagmCÄmNÐlCatibBa¢ÚnGKÁs i nI nigeragcRkGKÁs
i nIsRmab;RbB½n§CatibBa¢ÚnGKÁs
i nI
K> rvagmCÄmNÐlCatibBa¢ÚnGKÁsi nI nigmCÄmNÐlbBa¢ÚnGKÁsi nIrbs;RbeTsCitxag
enAeBlEdlRbB½n§GKÁs
i nI RtÚv)antP¢ab;CamYyRbeTsCitxag . RbsinebIman
kic©RBmeRBogNamYysþIBIRbB½n§enHCamYyRbeTsCitxag karkMNt;enHGacminGnuvtþ)an.
mCÄmNÐlCatibBa¢ÚnGKÁs
i nI
NCC NCC
RbeTsCitxag eragcRkGKÁisnI Gnusaß nIy sßanIyEbgEckGKÁisnI RbeTsCitxag

(230kV) (230kV) (230kV)
mCÄmNÐlEbgEckGKÁisnI
eragcRk Gnusaß nIy sßanIyEbg

GKÁs
i nI EckGKÁisnI
(115kV)
(115kV) 65 (115kV)
kMNt;smÁal;
NCC : mCÄmNÐlCatibBa¢ÚnGKÁs
i nI
: ExSbNþajsRmab;RbB½n§KmnaKmn_kúg
ñ Rsuk
: ExSbNþajsRmab;RbB½n§KmnaKmn_sRmab;RbeTsCitxag
rUbPaBTI 1 - énkartemøIgRbB½n§KmnaKmn_ nigTUrKmnaKmn_
2>2 RbePTExS nigl½kçx½NÐrbs;ExSsRmab;ExSTUrKmnaKmn_kgñú Rsuk
- RtUvtemøIgExSTUrKmnaKmn_ya:gehacNas; 2 ExSxusKña sRmab;RbB½n§bNþajCati

- ExSsRmab;RbB½nT§ rU KmnaKmn_kñúgRsuksRmab;RbB½n§GKÁs
i nI RtUvGnuvtþGnuelamtamkarkMNt;
kñúgtarag 5 .
taragTI 5- RbePTExSbNþajKmnaKmn_ nigTUrKmnaKmn_sRmab;meFüa)ayGKÁisnI

EdlP¢ab;CamYyRbB½nb§ NþajCati
rvagmCÄmNÐlCatibBa¢ÚnGKÁisnI nig rvagmCÄmNÐlCatibBa¢Ún
mCÄmNÐlEbgEckGKÁisnI GKÁsi nI nigsßanIy
Tinñn½y semøg Tinñn½y semøg
ExSGubTik 1 ExS 1 ExS 1 ExS 1 ExS
ExSGubTik
ExSelah³ 1 ExS 1 ExS 1 ExS 1 ExS
RbePT
¬eRCIserIskñgú ¬eRCIserIs ¬eRCIserIs ¬eRCIserIs
ExS tamrlkFatuGakas
cMeNam kñúgcMeNam kñúgcMeNm kñúgcMeNam
bNþaj ExSGKÁsi nI
5RbePT¦ 5RbePT¦ 5RbePT¦ 5RbePT¦
rlksemøg
l½kçx½NÐrbs;ExS ExSEdlRtÚveRbIsRmab;RbB½n§GKÁs i nI
66
3> viFankarN_IFanaKmnaKmn_kñúgkrNImanGasnñ
meFüa)ayKmnaKmn_EdlcaM)ac;edIm,Icat;EcgEklMGRbB½n§GKÁisnIeLIgvij enAeBlmaneRKaH
mhnþrayécdnüekIteLIg RtÚvEtmansßirPaBRKb;RKan; enAkñgú RKamanGasnñ .
naLikasÞg;GKÁs
i nIRtÚvmanPaBRtwmRtÚvyutiþFu m’nigsmFm’ . PaBRtwmRtÚvènnaLikasÞg;CaTUeTA
RtÚvmanlkçN³dUcxageRkam ³
taragTI6-PaBRtwmRtÚvénnaLikasÞg;eGLicRtÚemkanic nignaLikasÞg;eGLicRtÚnic
EpñkTI2
karP¢ab;ExSdI
edIm,Ibgáarkarqk;GKÁsi nI eRKaHfñak;cMeBaHxønÜ R)aNmnusS karekItmanGKÁiPy½ nigekItman]bs½KÁ
déTeTotcMeBaHvtßúnana brikçaGKÁisnInImYy² RtÚvEtmanP¢ab;ExSdI b¤manviFankarN_smRsbdéTeTot .
karP¢ab;ExSdIsrM ab;brikçaGKÁisnIRtÚvtemøIgya:gNa[crnþGacrt;cUleTAkñúgdIedayRsYl nigBMbu gá
eRKaHfñak;.
karP¢ab;ExSdIsRmab;brikçaGKÁisnIénmeFüa)ayGKÁisnIRKb;RbePTGacEckCa4 fñak; dUcmanbgðaj
kñúgtaragxageRkam ³
67
taragTI7-cMNat;fñak;kargarP¢ab;ExSdI
cMNat;fñak;
témøer:sIs
u gþ ;P¢ab;eTAdI l½kçx½NÐsrM ab;srM Yltémøer:sIusþg;
kargarP¢ab;ExSdI
fñak; k 10Ω b¤tc U Cag
10Ω b¤tcU Cag kñúgkrNIEdltg;süúgeFobeTAdIénesoKVGI KÁs i nItg;süúgTabmYy
¬enAeBlEdl 230 mantémøelIsBI 230 v:lu edaysarkarb:HrvagesoKVItg;
I *1
süúgmFüm nigesoKVItg;süúgTabénRtg;sÚmV :aT½r/ RbsinebIman
tUcCag 10, er:sus I þg;; temøIgDIsSúgT½rRcalcrnþtamExSdIEdlGackat;pþac;esoKVIGKÁisnI
fñak; x
P¢ab;eTAdIRtÚvmantémøesIµ kñúgry³eBlminelIsBI1vinaTI eBlenaHer:sus I þg;RtÚvesIµnwg
nwg I b¤
230
*1 600
 b¤tc U Cag . enAeBlEdl 230 mantémøtUcCag 5Ω
*1 *1
I I
tUcCagenH¦ eBlenaHer:sus I þg;ExSdI mincaM)ac;mantémøtUcCag 5Ω eLIy .
kñúgkrNIRtÚverobcMExSdIkgñú esoKVGI KÁs i nItg;süúgTab/ ehIykñúg
esoKVIenaHmantemøgI DIsugT½rRcalcrnþeTAdIEdlGackat;pþac;
10 Ω b¤tcU Cag
fñak; K esoKVIGKÁisnIkñgú ry³eBl 0>5 vinaTIeBlenaHtémøer:suIsgþ ;
RtÚvesµnI wg 500Ω b¤tcU Cag .
kñúgkrNIRtÚverobcMExSdIkgñú esoKVGI KÁs i nItg;süúgTab/ehIykñgú esoKVI
enaHmantemøgI DIsugT½rRcalcrnþeTAdIEdlGackat;pþac;esoKVIGKÁs i nI
fñak; X 100Ω b¤tc U Cag
kñúgry³eBl 0>5vinaTI eBlenaHtémøer:sus I þg;RtÚvesµInwg 500Ω
b¤tcU Cag .
sMKal;
*1 I - KWCacrnþénkarqøgExSmYyb:HeTAdI
RbePTExSdI kEnøgEdlRtÚvGnuvtþ l½kçx½NÐénkartemøgI témøer:sIs

u gþ ;P¢ab;eTAdI sRmab;ExS
bNþajGKÁs
i nI RtÚvGnuvtþdUcmankMNt;;kgñú taragxageRkam ³
68
taragTI8-RbePTExSdIsRmab;ExSbNþajGKÁs i nI
RbePTExSdI kEnøgGnuvtþ l½kçx½NÐtemøIg er:ssIu þg;P¢ab;eTAdI (Ω)
ExSdIP¢ab;RbB½n§ Rtg;smVÚ :aT½rtg;süúg sMrab;ExSNWttg;süúgTab témøer:sIs u gþ ;RtÚvkMNt;tamfñak;
mFüm¼Tab énRbePTExSdI TN nig TT x énkargarP¢ab;ExSdI
sMrab;tg;süúgx<s; ¬*2¦ témøer:sIs u gþ ;RtÚvkMNt;tamfñak;
EpñkGacqøgcrnþdak; sMrab;tg;süúgmFüm k énkargarP¢ab;ExSdI
sMrab;tg;süúgTab elIsBI témøer:sIs u gþ ;RtÚvkMNt;tamfñak;
ExSdIsvu tßiPaB enAkNþalval
¬* 1 ¦ 300 v:lu K énkargarP¢ab;ExSdI
sMrab;tg;süúgTabminelIsBI témøer:sIsu gþ ;RtÚvkMNt;tamfñak;
300 v:lu X énkargarP¢ab;ExSdI
ExSdIRcal témøer:sIsu gþ ;RtÚvkMNt;tamfñak;
]bkrN_Rcalcrnþ sMrab;tg;süúgmFüm
crnþ k énkargarP¢ab;ExSdI
sMKal;
(*1) }EpñkGacqøgcrnþdak;enAkNþalval}sMedAEpñkTaMgLaydUcCaeCIgTRmEdk KRmb b¤RbGb;
elah³ eRsab]bkrN_EdleKtemøIgenAkñúgesoKVIGV KÁisnI .
(*2) karP¢ab;ExSdIsrM ab;GnusßanIytg;süúgx<s; nigsßanIyEbgEckGKÁs i nIRtÚverobcMedayELk
erogxøÜn GaRs½yeTAtamTMhMéncrnþqgø b:H .

1> karP¢ab;ExSdIsMrab;brikçarGKÁisnI
1>1 karP¢ab;ExSdIedIm,Isvu tßiPaB

brikçaGKÁs
i nIEdlRtÚvtemøIgenAkñgú eragcRkGKÁisnI GnusßanIy sßanIyEbgEck nigTItaMgGñkeRbIR)as;
tg;süúgx<s; nigmFüm RtÚvmantemøIgnUvExSdIkarBar dUcerobrab;xageRkam edIm,Ik[uM manhaniP½y
énkMeNInb:tU g;Esülkñgú l½kçx½NÐminFmµta kuM[maneRKaHfñak;dl;ragkaymnusS nigkuM[mankarxUcxat
dl;vtßúdéTeTot edaysarkarqk;GKÁisnI nigGKÁIP½y bNþalmkBIkareRCotcUléntg;süúgx<s; .
69
1>1>1 karP¢ab;ExSdIsRmab;EpñkGacqøgcrnþdak;enAkNþalvalrbs;brikçaGKÁisnI
EpñkGacqøgcrnþdak;enAkNþalvalrbs;brikçaGKÁisnI dUcCa eCIgTRmEdk RbGb;eRsab
elah³ RtÚvEtP¢ab;eTAdI edaykarP¢ab;ExSdI . karP¢ab;ExSdIsRmab;EpñkGacqøgcrnþdak;enA
kNþalvalrbs;brikçaGKÁsi nIEdlmantg;süúgepSg² mankMNt;enAkñgú taragxageRkam ³
taragTI9-karP¢ab;ExSdIsRmab;EpñkGacqøgcrnþdak;enAkNþalvalrbs;brikçaGKÁisnI
tg;süúgbrikçaGKÁs
i nI RbePTExSdI
brikçaGKÁs
i nItg;süúgx<s; fñak; k
brikçaGKÁs
i nItg;süúgmFüm fñak; k
brikçaGKÁs
i nItg;süúgTab ¬elIs300V ) fñak; K
brikçaGKÁs
i nItg;süúgTab (300Vb¤tcU Cag¦ fñak; X
1>1>2 karP¢ab;ExSdIsRmab;meFüa)ayepSgeTot
meFüa)ayepSgeTot dUcCarcnasm<½ne§ lah³xageRkA rbgelah³xageRkA CBa¢agM karBar
elah³ nigTRmelah³sRmab;dMeNIrkar k¾RtÚvP¢ab;ExSdIGnuelameTAtamRbePTtg;süúgénmeFüa)ay
b¤brikçaGKÁs
i nIEdlkMNt;kgñú taragxagelI .
1>1>3 karP¢ab;ExSdIsRmab;EpñkGacqøgcrnþenAkñgú brikçaGKÁisnI

enAcMNcu caM)ac;kgñú esoKVGI KÁisnI karP¢ab;ExSdIRtÚvGnuvtþdUckarkMNt;xageRkam ³
k> karP¢ab;ExSdIsRmab;Rtg;sUÚm:aT½rEdleRbICabriFan¬Rtg;sVÚm:aT½rcrnþ b¤tg;süúg¦

karP¢ab;ExSdIfñak; kRtÚvGnuvtþenARtg;cMnuceRCIserIsmYyenAkñgú esoKVIGKÁisnIEpñkTI2 énRtg;sÚmV :aT½r
EdleRbICabriFansRmab;tg;süúgx<s; b¤tg;süúgmFüm .
kñúgkrNIEdlkarP¢ab;ExSdIRtÚv)aneRbIsRmab;esoKVIGKÁisnIEpñkTI 1 rbs;Rtg;sÚmV :aT½r
EdleRbICabriFansRmab;tg;süúgx<s; b¤tg;süúgmFüm RtÚvGnuvtþkarP¢ab;ExSdIfañ k; k .
x> karP¢ab;ExSdIsRmab;Rtg;srU½ m:aT½rpÁt;pÁg;GKÁs

i nI[sßanIy
kñúgkrNIkarP¢ab;ExSdI RtÚv)aneRbIsRmab;esoKVIGKÁisnIEpñkTI2rbs;Rtg;srV½ m:aT½rEdlP¢ab;
esoKVIGKÁisnItg;süúgmFümCamYyesoKVGI KÁs i nItg;süúgTab karP¢ab;ExSdIfañ k; x RtÚvyk
mkGnuvtþ .
70
{esoKVIGKÁisnItg;süúTab} mann½yfaesoKVIGKÁisnIEdlpÁtp; Ág;GKÁisnI eTA[esoKVIbBa¢a
edaysV½yRbvtþi esoKVbI Ba¢aBIcm¶ay esoKVpI þl;sBaØasRmab;RtÜtemIlBIcm¶ay nigesoKVI
dUcKñaepSgeTot .
K> karP¢ab;ExSdIsRmab;rbukM gñú Rtg;sÚEV dleRbIsMrab;EtrkSalMnwgedayminP¢ab;ecjeRkA
kñúgkrNIEdlRtg;s½rV m:aT½rtg;süúgx<s;nigtg;süúgmFümEdlmanrbuPM ¢ab;Kñapáay-páay

manrburM kSalMnwgmYyEdleKruEM fmedIm,IbnßyGaMeb:dg;énhVasUnü edayminP¢ab;ecjeTA
esoKVIeRkA ¬ehAfa rburM kSalMnwgnigminP¢ab;ecjeRkA¦ rbueM nHRtÚvEtP¢ab;eTAdI
edaykarP¢ab;ExSdIfañ k; k .
1>2 karP¢ab;ExSdIsRmab;cMNucNWtenAkñúgesoKVIGKÁisnItg;süúgx<s; nigtg;süúgmFüm
kñúgkrNIEdlkarP¢ab;ExSdIRtÚveRbIsRmab;cMNucNWténesoKVGI KÁs
i nItg;süúgx<s; nigmFümenAkñgú
sßanIy GnusßanIy sßanIyEbgEck nigTItaMgGñkeRbIR)as;tg;süúgx<s; nigmFüm edIm,IFaFakar
dMeNIrkarmYyd¾Tku citþ edIm,ITb;Tl;krNItg;süúgminRbRktI nigedIm,Ibnßytg;süúgeFobeTAdI
sRmab;]bkrN_karBarénesoKVIGKÁisnI RtÚvtemøIgeGLicRtÚdExSdIenAnwgkEnøg edIm,IbgáanUvkarRbQm
muxnwgeRKaHfñak;dl;mnusS stV Bahn³ nigbrikçadéTeTot EdlGacekIteLIgedaysarPaBxusKña
énb:tU g;EsSlrvagcMNcu enaHCamYydI EdlenAEk,r enAeBlEdlmankMhUcNamYyekIteLIg .
1>3 karP¢ab;ExSdIsRmab;brikçaGKÁisnIrbs;RbB½n§ExSmYycrnþRtLb;mkvijtamdI SWER
kñúgkrNIEdlbrikçaGKÁs
i nIsRmab;RbB½n§ SWERRtÚv)antemøIgenAkñgú eragcRkGKÁs
i nI nigGnusaß nIy
brikçasRmab;RbB½n§ SWER TaMgenaHRtÚvEtmanP¢ab;ExSdI edIm,IbgáanUvkarRbQmmuxnwgeRKaHfñak;
dl;mnusS stVBahn³ nigbrikçadéTeTot EdlGacmandaysarPaBxusKñaénb:Utg;EsSlrvagbrikça
GKÁs
i nIenaHCamYydIEdlenAEk,r ekIteLIgedaycrnþénbnÞkú ekIneLIg enAeBlmankMhUcNamYy
ekIteLIg .
71
1>4 karP¢ab;ExSdIsRmab;]bkrN_karBarrnÞ³
ersuIsþg;énkarP¢ab;ExSdIsRmab;]bkrN_karBarrnÞ³ dUcCaExSdIkarBarrnÞHEdlrayBIelI
nigbegÁal karBarrnÞH EdlRtÚvtemøIgenAkñgú sßanIy Gnusaß nIy sßanIyEbgEck nigTItaMg
GñkeRbIR)as;tg;süúgx<s; nigmFüm minRtÚvFMCag ¬10¦ GUmeLIy .
eTaHCay:agenHk¾eday kñúgkrNIEdlExSdIrayelIGakasRtÚv)aneRbIsRmab;RbB½n§ SWER
EdrenaH karP¢ab;ExSdIRtÚvGnuvtþtamkarP¢ab;ExSdIsRmab;RbB½n§ SWER EdlGFib,ayxagelI .
1>5 karP¢ab;ExSdIsRmab;]bkrN_cab;crnþRcal
ersuIsþg;énkarP¢ab;ExSdIsRmab;]bkrN_cab;crnþRcal sRmab;esoKVGI KÁisnItg;süúgx<s;

nigtg;süúgmFüm kñgú sßanIy Gnusaß nIy sßanIyEbgEck nigTItaMgGñkeRbIR)as;tg;süúgx<s;
nigmFüm RtÚveFVy I a:gNa[ticCag ¬10¦ GUm eRcIntamEdlGaceFVIeTA)an edIm,Ibgáa
kuM[eTACa]bs½KÁsRmab;kardMeNIrkarrbs;]bkrN_cab;crnþRcal .
2 lkçN³BiessénkarerobcMkarP¢ab;ExSdI
2>1 lkçN³énExScmøgrbs;ExSdI
ExScmøgrbs;ExSdIEdltemøIgkñúgesoKVIGKÁisnIenAkñgú sßanIy Gnusaß nIy sßanIyEbgEck nigTItaMg

GñkeRbIR)as;tg;süúgx<s; nigmFümRtÚveFVIBIExSelah³EdlFn;nwgeRcH b¤sñmw nigGaccmøgcrnþ
RbkbedaysuvtßiPaB enAeBlmankMhUc .
k> kmøaMgemkanikrbs;ExScmøgrbs;ExSdI
edIm,IFananUvkmøaMgemkanikRKb;RKan; RtÚveRbIR)as;ExScmøgénRbB½n§ExSdI tamkarkMNt;

enAkñgú taragxageRkam GnuelameTAtamRbePTénkarP¢ab;ExSdI EdlExScmøgenaHRtÚv)an
eRbIR)as; .
72
taragTI10-ExScmøgEdlRtÚveRbIsRmab;kargarP¢ab;ExSdI
RbePTExSdI ExSelah³ ExSTg;Edg ExSTg;EdgséseRcIn

RbePTkargarP¢ab;ExSdI kmøaMgTb;TnM aj Ggát;p©it muxkat;
ExSdIsRmab;cN M ucNWténesoKVGI KÁs
i nI
tg;süúgx<sn; ig mFümenAkñgú ehSeNer:Tr½ mintUcCag 3 kN mintUcCag 4 mm mintUcCag 14 mm2
fñak;
nigRtg;smVÚ :aT½r
k
sRmab;brikçaepSgeTot mintUcCag 2 kN mintUcCag 3 mm mintUcCag 6 mm2
cMNucNWténEpñktg;süúgTabrbs;Rtg;
fñak;
sV½rm:aT½rbMEbøgtg;süúgmFümeTAtg;süúg mintUcCag 2 kN mintUcCag 3 mm mintUcCag 6 mm2
x
Tab
fñak; K mintUcCag 1 kN mintUcCag 2 mm mintUcCag 4 mm2
fñak; X mintUcCag 1 kN mintUcCag 2 mm mintUcCag 4 mm2
x> smtßPaBTl;nwgkMedAénExScmøgrbs;ExSdI
ExScmøgrbs;ExSdIEdlkñgú enaHnwgmancrnþrt;kat; enAeBlEdll½kçx½NÐmni FmµtaekIteLIg

dUcCaExSNWténbrikçaGKÁs i nI nigExSNWténesoKVGI KÁs
i nItg;süúgx<s; nigmFümRtÚvman smtßPaB
RKb;RKan;Tl;nwgkMedAEdlekIteLIgedaycrnþrt;eTAdI enAeBlmanl½kçx½NÐminRbRktI b¤mankMhcU
ekIteLIgbEnßmBIelIkmøaMgemkanic .
2>2 kartemøIgExScmøgrbs;ExSdI
ExScmøgrbs;ExSdIsRmab; :Rtg;sVÚm:aT½rEdleRbICabriFan : sRmab;ExSNWt sRmab;]bkrN_

cab;crnþRcal nigsRmab;RbB½n§ SWER EdlRtÚvtemøIgenAkñgú sßanIy Gnusaß nIy sßanIyEbgEck
nigTItaMgGñkeRbIR)as;tg;süúgx<s; nigmFüm RtÚvkb;edaypÞal;eTAkñgú dIedayBuMtP¢ab;eTAeCIgTMr
73
rbs;brikçaGKÁs
i nI . EpñkRsaténExSdI RtÚvtemøIgy:agNakuM[manhaniP½ydl;Gkñ dMeNIrkar
EdlGacgayRsÜlkñgú karb:HvaeLIy .
2>3 ]bkrN_ExSdIsRmab;ExSNWt
er:ssuI þ½r niger:Gak;T½rEdlRtÚvtP¢ab;CamYyExScmøgrbs;ExSdIenAkñúgsßanIy Gnusaß nIy

sßanIyEbgEck nigTItaMgGñkeRbIR)as;tg;süúgx<s; nigmFümRtÚvsmRsb nigsuvtßiPaBcMeBaHlMhrU
éncrnþGKÁs
i nI EdlekIteLIgenAeBlmankMhUcNamYyekIteLIg .
EpñkRsaténer:sIsu þ½rniger:Gak;Tr½ RtÚvtemøIgy:agNaku[M manhaniP½ydl;Gkñ dMeNIrkar EdlGac

gayRsÜlkñgú karb:Hva .
2>4 karhamXat;min[temøIgRbdab;ebIkbiTelIExScmøgrbs;ExSdIsRmab;ExSNWt
minRtÚvtemøIgRbdab;ebIkbiTnigh‘úy
V suIbelIExScmøgrbs;ExSdIsRmab;ExSNWt enAkñgú sßanIy
Gnusaß nIy sßanIyEbgEck nigTItaMgGñkeRbIR)as;tg;süúgx<s; nigmFümeLIy elIkElgEtRbdab;
ebIkbiT EdlRtÚvtemøIgedIm,Ipþac; b¤P¢ab;er:ss uI ½þr niger:Gak;Tr½ sRmab;ExSNWt .
2>5 kartP¢ab;rvagExSmøgrbs;ExSdI
ExScmøgrbs;ExSdIénRbB½nc§ rnþRtLb;tamdI SWER EdlRtÚvtemøIgenAkñgú eragcRkGKÁisnI

nigGnusßanIy minRtÚvP¢ab;eTAExScmøgénRbB½n§ExSdIrbs;brikçaGKÁs
i nIdéTeToteLIy .

tg;süúgTab
1> lkçN³BiessénkarP¢ab;ExSdI
karP¢ab;ExSdIsRmab;ExSbNþajEckcay nigsRmab;TtI aMgrbs;Gkñ eRbIR)as;tg;süúgTabRtÚvtemøIg
tamkarkMNt;dcU xageRkam ³
74
1>1 eGLicRtÚdExSdI
1>1>1 vtßúFatu nigTMhMéneGLicRtÚdExSdIRtÚveRCIserIsy:agNa[Fn;nwgeRcHsuI nigmankmøaMg

emkanicrwgmaM .
1>1>2 xageRkamenHCa]TahrN_éneGLicRtÚdrbs;ExSdI EdlGaceRbI)an ³

k> bnÞHelah³
x> begÁal b¤bBM g;elah³
K> snøkw b¤ExSelah³
X> bNþajRKwHeRkamdIénGKar
g> eRKagelah³eRkamdIepSgeTotEdlsmRsb nigyl;RBmedayRksYg]sSahkmµ
Er: nig famBl
1>2 ExScmøgrbs;ExSdI nigExScmøgsRmab;karBar

ExScmøgsRmab;karBarenAkñgú karkMNt;enH KWCaExScmøgTaMgLayNaEdleKeRbIsRmab;
tP¢ab;brikçaGKÁs
i nI CamYyRbB½nE§ xSdI .
k> ExScmøgrbs;ExSdI nigExSmøgsRmab;karBar RtÚvEtCaExSelah³EdlFn;nwgeRcHsIu
nigGac[crrnþqøgkat;)anedaysuvtßiPaBenAeBlmankMhcU .
x> ExScmøgEdlRtÚveRbIsRmab;eFVEI xSdIRtÚvGnuelamtamkarkMNt;énvaküx½NÐ K nigenAeBl
kb;kgñú dIRtÚvmanmuxkat; RsbeTAtamRsbtamtaragTI 11-k xageRkam .
taragTI 11-k muxkat;Gb,brmaénExSdIEdlkb;dI

l½kçx½NÐ mankarkarBaremkanik minmankarkarBaremkanik
mankarkarBarTl;nwgeRcHsIu 2>5 mm2 Cu ¬Tg;Edg¦ 16 mm2 Cu ¬Tg;Edg¦
10 mm2 Fe ¬Edk¦ 16 mm2 Fe ¬Edk¦
minmankarkarBarTl;nwgeRcHsIu 25 mm2 Cu ¬Tg;Edg¦50 mm2 Fe ¬Edk¦
K> muxkat;rbs;ExSsRmab;karBarRtÚveRCIserIstamtaragTI 11-x b¤tamcMNuc X .
75
taragTI 11-x muxkat;Gb,brmaénExScmøgsRmab;karBar
muxkat;Gb,brmaénExScmøgsRmab;karBar¬ mm2¦
muxkat;
ExScmøg RbsinebIExScmøgsRmab;karBarKWCa RbsinebIExScmøgsRmab;karBarmin
2
S (mm )
vtßúFatudUcExScmøgénbNþajGKÁisnI EmnCavtßFú atudUcExScmøgénbNþaj
S≤16 S k×S
16<S≤35 16 k × 16
S>35 S/2 k × S/2
*k RtÚveRCIserIsBItaragTI 11-K
taragTI 11-K ¬emKuN k sRmab;taragTI 11-x¦

vtßFú atu vtßúFaturbs;ExScmøgsRmab;karBar
rbs; Gus
I LU g;rbs;ExScmøg GaluymIj:Úm Tg;Edg Edk
ExScmøg PVC C½r PVC C½r PVC C½r
PVC <300 mm2 - - 0.58 0.48 1.56 1.32
Galuy PVC >300mm2 - - 0.52 0.43 1.39 1.18
mIj:Úm
EPR/ XLPE - - 0.71 0.60 1.92 1.92
PVC <300mm2 1.31 0.73 - - 2.45 1.99

Tg; PVC >300mm2 1.18 0.65 - - 2.11 1.78
Edg
EPR/ XLPE 1.63 0.90 - - 2.92 2.47
* smÁal; ³ emKuN k EdlkMNt;enATIenHsRmab;eRbIcMeBaHEtExScmøgsRmab;karBarEdlman

eRsamGIusULg;be:u NÑaH minsRmab;ExSkab nigExSkabCacegáamdéTeTóteLIy . kñúgkrNIExScmøg
sRmab;karBardéTeTot emKuNRtÚvyktamsþg;da IEC 60364-5-54 .
X> muxkat;énExScmøgsRmab;karBarRKb;RbePT EdlminEmnCaEpñkénExSkab b¤minenAkñúg

RbGb;CamYyExSbNþaj minRtÚvtUcCagTMhMEdlkMNt;enAkñúgtarag 11-X eLIy .
76
tarag 11-X muxkat;rbs;ExScmøgsRmab;karBar
(IEC60364-5-54)
mankarkarBaremkanik KµankarkarBaremkanik
2/5 mm2 Tg;Edg 4 mm2 Tg;Edg
16 mm2 GaluymIjUÚ:m 16 mm2 GaluymIjmUÚ:
1>3 kartemøIgeGLicRtÚd nigExScmøgrbs;RbB½n§ExSdI

kñúgkrNIGacmaneRKaHfñak;enAeBlmnusSeTAb:HExScmøg rbs;RbB½n§ExSdIenH eGLicRtÚd
nigExScmøg rbs;ExSdI fñak; k nig fñak; x RtÚvtemøIgtamkarkMNt;xageRkam ³
k> eGLicRtÚdrbs;ExSdIRtÚvkb;eTAkñúgdI CeRmAminticCag 75 sg;TEI m:Rt .
x> ExScmøgrbs;RbB½n§ExSdI RtÚveRsabedaybMBg;TIbC½r b¤edayr)aMgkarBarepSgeTot
EdlmanKuNPaBGIs u LU g; nigPaBFn;Rbhak;RbEhlb¤x<s;CagbMBg;TbI ehIydak;
cab;BCI eRmA 75 sg;TEI m:RteRkamdI dl;km<s; 2m elIdI .
K> RbsinebIeGLicRtÚdénExSdI temøIgCitbegÁalEdk b¤vtßú elah³epSgeTot ExScmøg
rbs;RbB½n§ExSdIRtÚvCaExSeRsamTaMgGs; .
X> RbsinebIeGLicRtÚdénExSdItemøIgCitbegÁalEdk b¤vtßúelahHepSgeTot eGLicRtÚdExSdI
RtÚvkb;enAcm¶ayminticCag 1 Em:Rt BIvtßúelah³TaMgenaH .
edayELk cm¶ayenHGacminticCag 30 sg;TEI m:Rt RbsinebIkartemøIgeGLicRtÚd
ExSdI sßti enABIeRkamRKwHénvtßúenaH .
2> er:sIusþg;énkarP¢ab;ExSdIfñak; x
crnþqgø énExSmYyb:HdI ¬ I¦ énesoKVGI KÁs

i nIEpñktg;süúgmFüm EdleRbIsRmab;KNnaersuIsþg;
énExSdI fñak; x EcgkñúgmaRta 21 énl½kçx½NlÐ MGti enH RtÚvyktamtémøCak;Esþg b¤tamtémø
dUcxageRkam ³
2>1 esoKVIGKÁisnItg;süúgmFümrbs;RbB½nB§ uMmanExSNWt
er:ss
Iu gþ ;ExSdIfñak; x sRmab;RbB½n§BumM anExSNWt RtÚvkMNt;dUcxageRkam ³
k> esoKVIGKÁisnIEdleRbIExScmøgGKÁs
i nIeRkABIExSkab
sRmab;esoKVIGKÁisnIEdleRbIExScmøgeRkABIExSkab er:sIs
u gþ ;ExSdIfañ k; x RtÚvman
témøesµI 10 GUm b¤tUcCag .
77
x> esoKVIGKÁisnIEdleRbIExSkabCaExScmøgGKÁs
i nI
sRmab;esoKVIGKÁisnIEdleRbIExSkabCaExScmøgGKÁs
i nI er:sIs
u gþ ;ExSdIfñak; x RtÚvman
témødcU kñúgtarag 11-g nigtarag 11-c GaRs½yeTAtamcm¶aysrub
énesoKVtI g;süúgmFüm ¬ KitEtcm¶ayEdleRbIExSkabCaExScmøgGKÁs i nIbe:u NÑaH ¦
EdlP¢ab;nwgr)ardUcKña .
tarag 11-g kñgú krNIEdler:suIsþg;ExSdIfñak; x kMNt;eday 230¼ I

L/ ¬RbEvg¦ <3 K>m 3 K>m ≤
er:sIusgþ ;dI fñak; x ¬GUm¦ 10 5
tarag 11-c kñúgkrNIEdler:suIsþg;ExSdIfñak; B kMNt;eday 600¼ I*

L/ ¬RbEvg¦ <4/5 K>m 4/5 K>m ≤
er:sIusgþ ;dI fñak; x ¬GUm¦ 10 5
* kñgú krNImanDIsüúgT½rkarBarcrnþRCabeTAdI Edlpþac;esoKVIGKÁisnI kñúgry³eBl 1 vinaTI .
kñúgenaH ³
L: RbEvgsrubénesoKVtI g;süúgmFüm ¬ KitEtcm¶ayEdleRbIExSkabCaExScmøgGKÁisnIbe:u NÑaH ¦
Edl)anP¢ab;ngw r)ardUcKña .
K> esoKVIGKáisnIEdleRbIExScmøgepSgBIExSkabpg nigExSkabpg CaExScmøgGKÁs
i nI
kñúgkrNIenHer:sIs u gþ ;ExSdIfñak; x RtÚvkMNt;tamtarag 11 g nig11 c eTAtam
RbEvgsrubénesoKVtI g;süúgmFüm ¬ KitEtcm¶ayEdleRbIExSkabCaExScmøgGKÁs i nI
b:eu NÑaH ¦ Edl)anP¢ab;nwgr)ardUcKña .
2>2 esoKVIGKÁisnItg;süúgmFümEdlmanRbB½nE§ xSNWtP¢ab;pÞal;CamYydI
crnþénExSmYyqøgb:HdI ¬ I2¦ énesoKVGI KÁs i nI Epñkxagtg;süúgmFüm EdleRbIsRmab;
KNnaer:sIs u þg;énkarP¢ab;ExSdIfñak; x Ecgkñgú maRta 21 énl½kçx½NÐlMGti enH RtÚvyk
tamtémøCak;Esþg b¤KNnatamrUbmnþdUcxageRkam³
V2
I  I   10 6
2
2 1 3R 2
* cMnYneRkayek,óstUcCagcMNcu TsPaKRtÚvsRmÜl[dl;elxKt;
78
kñúgenaH³
I2 : crnþénExSmYyqøgb:HdI ¬GaMEBr¦
I1 : crnþénExSmYyqøgb:HdI kñúgkrNIRbB½nm§ inmanExSNWtP¢ab;CamYydIEdleKGacKNna
tamrUbmnþkgñú RTws¬þI GaMEBr ¦
V : tg;süúgNUmINal;énesOKVIGKÁisnI ¬KILÚvul : ¦
R : témøer:sIs
u gþ ;éner:ssuI gþ ;Edl)aneRbIenAcMNcu NWt¬rYmbBa©lÚ témøer:sIusþg;dIéncMNucNWt¦/
¬GUm¦
3> RbB½n§ExSdIsRmab;ExSbNþajtg;süúgTab
RbB½nE§ xSdIsRmab;ExSbNþajtg;süúgTab man 2 RbePT KW TT nig TN . kargar

P¢ab;ExSdIenH RtÚveKarBtamsþg;da IEC 60364-1 .
k> RbB½nE§ xSdIRbePT TT RtÚvmancMNucmYyP¢ab;eTAdIedaypÞal; nigEpñkGacqøgcrnþdak;enA
kNþalvalRtÚvP¢ab;eTAnwgeGLicRtÚdExSdIdac;edayELk edayminCab;eTAnwgeGLicRtÚdExSdI
rbs;RbB½n§bNþajeLIy .
x> RbB½nE§ xSdIRbePT TN RtÚvmancMNcu mYyRtUvP¢ab;eTAdIedaypÞal; nigEpñkGacqøgcrnþdak;enA

kNþalvalRtÚvP¢ab;eTAnwgcMNucenaHedayExSsRmab;karBar . karP¢ab;ExSdItamRbB½n§
TN manBIrRbePTGaRs½yelIkarerobcMExSNWt nigExSsRmab;karBardUcxageRkam³
-RbB½nE§ xSdIRbePT TN-S : kñgú RbB½n§enHTaMgmUleKRtÚveRbIExSsRmab;karBardac;BIKña

edayELk
-RbB½nE§ xSdIRbePT TN-C : kñúgRbB½n§enHtYnaTIrbs;ExSNWt nigExSsRmab;karBarKWrYmKña .
K> brikçaGKÁs
i nItg;süúgTabEdlRtÚvtemøIgenATItaMgrbs;Gkñ eRbIR)as; RtÚvtemøIgRsbtamsþg;da
IEC 60364 . RbsinebI brikçaGKÁisnIenHP¢ab;edaypÞal;nwgRbB½n§bNþajrbs;Gk ñ pÁt;pÁg;
RbB½nE§ xSdIRtÚvdUcKñanwgRbB½n§ExSdIrbs;GñkpÁt;pÁg;EdltemøIgsRmab;Epñktg;süúgTab .
brikçaGKÁs
i nItg;süúgTabminRtÚvtemøIgtamrebobmYy EdlRbB½n§ExSdImanlkçN³xusKñarvag
RbB½nE§ xSdIEdltemøIgenATItaMgrbs;Gkñ pÁtp; Ág; nigTItaMgrbs;Gkñ eRbIR)as;eLIy .
79
sBaØasmÁal; ³
ExSNWt (N)
ExSkarBar (PE)
ExSrYmNWt-m:as; (PEN)
L1
L2
L3
N
ExSsRmab;karBar
RbB½nE§ xSdI EpñkGacqøgcrnþdak;enAkNþalval
L1
L2
L3
ExSsRmab;karBar
EpñkGacqøgcrnþdak;enAkNþalval
RbB½nE§ xSdI
rUbPaBTI 2 - RbB½n§ExSdI TT
80
L1
L2
L3
ExSkarBar
RbB½nE§ xSdI
L1
L2
L3
ExSkarBar
RbB½nE§ xSdI
rUbPaBTI 3 - RbB½n§ExSdI TN-S
81
L1
L2
L3
ExSkarBar
ExSkarBar N
RbB½nE§ xSdI
L1
L2
L3
ExSkarBar
RBB½nÞExSdI
rUbPaBTI 4 - RbB½n§ExSdI TN-C
82
EpñkTI3
ExScmøg
1 - bBaØtþiTUeTA
ExScmøgsRmab;meFüa)aybBa¢Ún nigEckcayGKÁs i nIKWRtÚvCaExSkab ExSeRsam b¤ExSRsat .
minGnuBaØat[eRbIExSRsat sMrab;ExSbNþajtg;süúgTabeLIy .
ExSkab nigExSeRsamRtÚvmansmtßPaBGIs u LU g;RKb;RKan; smRsbeTAtaml½kçx½NÐtg;süúg
EdleRbIR)as;va .
2 - lkçN³rbs;ExScmøg
2>1 - ExScmøgRtÚvEtFn;eTAnwgsutI N
u ðPaBEdleRbIR)as;Fmµta .
2>2 - rcnasm<n½ §rbs;ExScmøg

k-ExSeRsam
rcnasm<n½ §rbs;ExSeRsamRtÚvEtCaExScmøgGKÁs
i nI EdleRsabedayvtßúFatuGs uI LU g; .
x-ExSkabEdleRbIsRmab;bNþajtg;süúgTab
rcnasm<n½ §rbs;ExSkabenH RtÚvEtCaExScmøgGKÁs i nIeRsabedayGus I LU g;EdlkarBareday
RsTab;Edk .
K>-ExSkabEdlRtÚveRbIsRmab;bNþajtg;süúgmFüm
rcnasm<n½ §rbs;ExSkabenHRtÚvEtCaExScmøgGKÁsi nIeRsabedayGuIsULg; EdlkarBareday
RsTab;Edk nigEdlmanRsTab;)aMgkarBarGKÁs i nIeFVIBeI lah³eRsabBIelIbNþÚlExSkab
enaH cMeBaHExSkabEdlmanbNþlÚ mYy nigeRsabBIelIbNþÚlTaMgGs;EdlrmYlCamYyKña
b¤eRsabBIelIbNþlÚ nImYy² cMeBaHExSkabEdlmanbNþÚleRcIn .
83
2>3 - ExScmøgEdlCaplitplseRmc GacykmkeRbICaExSbNþajbBa¢Ún b¤ExSbNþajEckcay
)an luHRtaEt)anqøgkat;kareFVeI tsþtg;süúgcrnþqaø s;smRsbmYy .
2>4 - kmøaMgTb;TnM ajkñúgmYyÉktaépÞ ¬emháa)a:ss
; aÁ l;¦ énsésExSGaluymIj:ÚmEdleKeRbI
sRmab;evjCaExScmøgénbNþajGakas RtÚvEtmantémøminTabCagtémøkMNt;kgñú taragTI 12
EdlGnuelamtamsþg;da IEC EdlBak;B½n§ .
taragTI 12 - kmøaMgTb;TMnajénsésExSGaluymIj:Úm
(IEC 60889)
Ggát;p©itNUmINal; kmøaMgTb;TnM ajGb,brma
elIsBI ¬mm¦ rhUtdl; ¬mm¦ ¬emhÁa):asáal;¦
- 1/25 200
1/25 1/50 195
1/50 1/75 190
1/75 2/00 185
2/00 2/25 180
2/25 2/50 175
2/50 3/00 170
3/00 3/50 165
3/50 5/00 160
ExScmøgRtÚvtP¢ab;KñatamviFIdUcxageRkam ³
k> ExScmøgRtÚvtP¢ab;Kña[)anCab;ENnl¥ ehIyer:ss Iu gþ ;rbs;ExScmøgEdltrYcminRtÚvekIneLIgelIsBI

er:ssIu gþ ;rbs;ExScmøgEdlBMumankartP¢ab;eLIy .
x> RtÚveFVIya:gNamin[smtßPaBGIs u LU g;rbs;ExSkab nigExSeRsambnÞab;BItrYcfycuHTabCag
smtßPaBGus I LU g;énExSEdlBMuTan;mankartP¢ab;eLIy .
K> kñúgkartP¢ab;ExScmøgEdlplitBIvtßúFatuxusKñaRtÚveFVIya:gNamin[ekItmaneRcHeGLicRtÚKImIeLIy .
84
1- bBaØtþiTUeTA
cMeBaHkMlaMgTb;TnM ajénExScmøg nigExSdIsMrab;bNþajGakas elIkElgEtExSkabecj
emKuNsuvtßiPaBminRtÚvTabCag 2>5 eT .
2-> bnÞúkelIbNþajbBa¢ÚnGakas nigemKuNsuvtßiPaB
2>1- bnÞkú snµt; nigemKuNsuvtßiPaB
ExScmøgsRmab;bNþajbB¢ÚanGakas nigExSdItemøIgelIGakas¬elIkElgEtExSkab cMeBaHmaRtaenH

cab;BIenHteTA¦ RtÚvtemøIgya:gNa[mankmøaMgTajEdlGnuBaØat[emKuNsuvtßiPaBmankMrit dUcEdl
kMNt;kgúñ cMNuc 2>1>2 enAeBlEdlvargnUvbnÞúksnµt;dUcEdlmankMNt;enAcMNuc 2>1>1
xageRkam enAkñúgl½kçx½NÐsItuNðPaBmFümkñúgtMbn; .
2>1>1- bnÞkú snµt;

bnÞkú snµt;srM ab;karKNnakmøaMgTb;TnM aj énExScmøgrbs;bNþajbB¢ÚanGakas nigExSdItemøIg
elIGakas RtÚvEtCabnÞkú EdlCaplbUkénbnÞúkbBaÄrEdlmanbBa¢ak;kñúgcMNcu ¬k¦ nigbnÞkú epþk
EdlmanbBa¢ak;kñúgcMNuc ¬x¦ xageRkam ³
k> bnÞkú bBaÄrRtÚvCaTMgn;rbs;ExScmøgGKÁisnI

x> bnÞkú epþkRtÚvCabnÞkú epþkénsm<aFxül;GtibrimaelIépÞbBaÄr rbs;ExScmøg .
2>1>2- emKuNsuvtißPaB
kmøaMgTb;TnM aj ¬kmøaMgTb;TMnajx<s;bMput/ kMlaMgTajpþac;¦ énExScmøgrbs;bNþaj
bB¢aÚ nGakas nigExSdItemøIelIGakasRtÚvmanemKuNsuvtißPaB 2/5 b¤eRcInCag .
2>1>3- el,Ónxül;CamUldæan
el,Ónxül;CamUldæan sRmab;kaeeRKagerobcMbNþajGakastg;süúgx<s; RtÚvdUckarkMNt;
kñúgtarag 13 .
85
taragTI 13 - el,Ónxül;CamUldæan
el,Ónxül;RbcaMqañ MGtibrima KitCamFümsRmab;10naTI ¬kñúgry³eBl

xYb 50 qñaM¦ 32 m/sec
enAkñúgl½kçx½NÐxageRkamenH el,Ónxül;CamUldæanxagelI GacRtÚvpøas;bÚrþ ³

k - enAeBlTin½ñyGegátRKb;RKan;RtÚv)anRbmUlrYc
x - enAeBlRtÚvkar[mankMritsßri PaBx<s;Cag
K - enAeBlEdlKeRmagcaM)ac;RtÚvsmRsbCamYyKeRmag rbs;RbeTsCitxag
plbUkbnÞúk
x-bnÞkú epþkGtibrima
rbs;sm<aFxül; TMr
TMr k-Tm¶n;ExScmøgGKÁs
i nI
rUbPaBTI 5 - bnÞúksnµt;
2>2- PaBtantwgral;éf¶rbs;ExScmøg (EDS)

*
EDS : ¬PaBtantwgral;éf¶¦rbs;ExScmøgEdlKitedIm,IeCosvagkarxMRbwgTajrbs;ExSGakas
edaysarxül;bk; .
*
EDS : RtUv)anGnuvtþCaPaKryénkmøaMgTb;TnM ajx<s;bMput (UTS) kñúgl½kçx½NÐKµanxül; .
86
maRta 28 ³ kareRbIR)as;Ek,rKña nigkareRbIR)as;rYmKñaénbNþajGKÁisnIb£bNþaj
KmnaKmn_
1- bNþajtg;süúgx<s; bNþajtg;süúgmFüm nigbNþajtg;süúgTab

kareRbIR)as;Ek,rKña nigkareRbIR)as;rYmKña énbNþajGKÁisnI RtÚvGnuvtþtamviFIdUcxageRkam³
1>1- bNþajtg;süúgx<s; nigbNþajtg;süúgmFüm
k- enAeBlEdlbNþajtg;süúgx<s; nigbNþajtg;süúgmFümRtÚvtemøIgenAelIbegÁalRTCamYyKña
eBlenaH bNþajtg;süúgmFümRtÚvtemøIgenAeRkambNþajtg;süúgx<s; nigenAelIédRTepSgKña.
x- KmøatrvagbNþajGakastg;süúgx<s; nigbNþajGakastg;süúgmFümminRtÚvmantémøtUcCag
témøEdl)ankMNt;kúgñ maRta 37 énl½kçx½NÐlMGti énsþg;dabec©keTsGKÁisnIkñgú
RBHraCaNacRkkm<Cú a enHeLIy eTaHCaenARtg;cMNucNamYykñúgcenøaHbegÁalk¾eday .
K- ExScmøgrbs;bNþajGakastg;süúgx<sR; tÚvEtCaExS EdlmansésevjcUlKña Edlman

kmøaMgTb;TMnajy:agtic 30 KILjÚ Útnu elIkElgEtvaCaExSkab .
X- tg;süúgNUmINal;rbs;bNþajtg;süúgx<s; EdleRbIR)as;Ek,rKña b¤rYmKña minRtÚvelIsBI

115 KILvÚ l:u eLIy .
1>2- bNþajtg;süúgmFüm nigbNþajtg;süúgTab
1>2>1- enAeBlEdlbNþajtg;süúgmFüm nigbNþajtg;süúgTab RtÚvtemøIgenAelIbegÁalRT

CamYyKña eBlenaH bNþajtg;süúgTab RtÚvtemøIgenAeRkambNþajtg;süúgmFüm
nigenAelIédRTepSgBIKña .
1>2>2- ExScmøgénbNþajtg;süúgTabRtÚvEtGnuelamtambBaØtixþ ageRkam elIkElgEtkñgú krNI

EdlExSkabRtÚv)aneRbIR)as;³
87
k - kñúgkrNIEdlcenøaHbegÁalénbNþajtg;süúgTab manRbEvgxøCI ag 50 Em:Rt
eBlenaH kmøaMgTb;TnM ajminRtÚvtUcCag 5 KILÚjÚtnu eLIy .
x - kñúgkrNIEdlcenøaHbegÁalénbNþajtg;süúgTab manRbEvg 50 Em:Rt b¤EvgCag
eBlenaHkmøaMgTb;TMnajminRtÚvtUcCag 8 KILÚjÚtnu eLIy .
1>2>3- EpñkénbNþajtg;süúgTabNa Edl)antemøIgenAelIbegÁalRTEtmYyrbs;bNþajGakas

tg;süúgmFüm RtÚvEtP¢ab;ExSdIfñak; x ehIyer:ss
uI þg;rbs;vaminRtÚveRcInCag 10 GUm
eLIy .
1>2>4- KmøatrvagExScmøgénbNþajGakastg;süúgmFüm nigExScmøgénbNþajGakastg;süúgTab

NamYy Rtg;cMNucNamYyenAkñgú cenøaHbegÁaleTaHCakñgú sßanPaBNak¾eday minRtÚv
tUcCagtémø EdlkMNt;enAkñúgmaRta 48 énl½kçx½NÐlMGti enHeLIy .
1>3- bNþajtg;süúgx<s; nigbNþajtg;süúgTab
1>3>1- minRtUvtemøIgbNþajtg;süúgTabNamYyenAelIbegÁalRTEtmYyCamYyExSbNþajtg;süúg
x<s;eLIy .
1>3>2- krNIelIkElgénkareRbIR)as;Ek,rKñarbs;bNþajtg;süúgx<s; nigbNþajtg;süúgTab

kareRbIR)as;Ek,rKñaénbNþajtg;süúgx<s; nigbNþajtg;süúgTab RtÚv)anGnuBaØatEtkñúg
krNI)ancat;nUvviFankarN_dUcxageRkam edIm,IbegáInPaBrwgmaMrbs;meFüa)ay .
¬1¦ ExScmøgénbNþajtg;süúgTabRtÚvEtGnuelamtambBaØtixþ ageRkam elIkElgEtkñgú krNI

eRbIExSkab ³
k - kñúgkrNIEdlcenøaHbegÁalénbNþajtg;süúgTab manRbEvgxøICag 50 Em:Rt
eBlenaHkmøaMgTb;TnM ajminRtÚvtUcCag 5 KILÚjÚtnu eLIy .
x - kñúgkrNIEdlcenøaHbegÁalénbNþajtg;süúgTab manRbEvg 50 Em:Rt
b¤EvgCag eBlenaHkmøaMgTb;TnM aj minRtÚvtUcCag 8 KILÚjÚtnu eLIy .
¬2¦ EpñkénbNþajtg;süúgTabNaEdl)antemøIgenAelIbegÁalRTEtmYyrbs;bNþajGakas
tg;süúgx<s; RtÚvEtP¢ab;ExSdIfñak; x ehIyer:ssuI gþ ;rbs;vaminRtÚveRcInCag 10 GUm
eLIy.
88
¬3¦ KmøatrvagExScmøgrbs;bNþajGakastg;süúgx<s; nigExScmøgrbs;bNþajGakas
tg;süúgTab Rtg;cMNucNamYyenAkñgú cenøaHbegÁal eTaHCakñgú sßanPaBNak¾eday
minRtÚvtUcCag 4>5 Em:Rt eLIy .
¬4¦ ExScmøgrbs;bNþajGakastg;süúgx<s;RtÚvEtCaExSsésevjcUlKña EdlmankmøaMgTb;
TMnaj ya:gtic 30 KILÚjÚtun elIkElgEtvaCaExSkab .
¬5¦ tg;süúgNUmINal;rbs;bNþajtg;süúgx<s; minRtÚvelIsBI 115 KILÚv:uleLIy .
kñúgkrNIbNþajtg;süúgx<s;man 2esoKVI RtÚvGnuvtþnUvviFIerobcMhVapÞúyKña .
¬6¦ cm¶ayénkarenAEk,rKñarvagbNþajtg;süúgx<s; nigbNþajtg;süúgTabRtÚveFVIkarseRmc
edayykcitþTukdak;GMBItg;süúgGaMgDucsüúg.
¬7¦ karelIkElgGacRtÚv)anGnuBaØat kñgú sßanPaBEdlminGacecosvag)an dUcxageRkam³
k> BuMmanTIkEnøgsmRsbsRmab;temøIgbNþajtg;süúgTabenAkñgú tMbn;TRI kug BIeRBaH
manpÞ³enACab;²Kña ehIymanKnøgsmRsbEtmYyKWtambeNþaypøÚvsRmab;
bNþajtg;süúgTab b:Eu nþbNþajbBa¢Úntg;süúgx<s;RtÚv)antemøIgenATIenaHrYcehIy.
x> kñúgsßanPaBepSgeTotEdlmankaryl;RBmBIGaCJaFrGKÁs i nIkm<Cú a .
2- ExSbNþajGKÁs
i nI nigExSbNþajKmnaKmn_
kareRbIR)as;Ek,rKña nigrYmKñaénbNþajGKÁisnI nigbNþajKmnaKmn_ RtÚvGnuvtþtamviFIdcU

xageRkam . kñúgkrNIbNþajKmnaKmn_CaExSkabGubTic ehIydak;cUlCamYyExSbNþajGKÁisnI
b¤ExSdI viFIxageRkamenH mincaM)ac;GnuvtþeLIy .
k- enAeBlbNþajtg;süúgmFüm b¤tg;süúgTab nigbNþajKmnaKmn_ RtÚvtemøIgelIbegÁalRT

CamYyKña eBlenaHbNþajtg;süúgmFüm b¤bNþajtg;süúgTab RtÚvEttemøIgBIelIbNþaj
KmnaKmn_ nigRtÚvtemøIgelIédRTepSgKña .
x- minRtUvtemøIgbNþajKmnaKmn_enAelIbegÁalRTCamYynwgbNþajtg;süúgx<s;eLIy .
89
1- ExScmøgrbs;bNþajeRkamdI
RtÚveRbIExSkabsRmab;bNþajGKÁs
i nIeRkamdI .
2- kartemøIgkñúgbMBg; nigkñúgRbB½n§lUTwk
k- kñúgkrNIEdlbNþajeRkamdIRtÚvtemøIgkñgú bMBg; bMBg;TIbsMrab;karGUsExSkabkñgú bMBg;RtÚvEt
manPaBmaMRKb;RKan;edIm,ITb;Tl;nwgsm<aFkinBIelIényanCMniH nigvtßúFn¶ ;²déTeTot .
x- kñúgkrNIEdlPaBmaMrbs;bBM g;TIbminGacTukcit)þ an bNþajeRkamdIRtÚvtemøIgkñúgCMerA
min[ticCag 1/2Em:RteLIy edIm,IbgáanUveRKaHfñak;bNþalmkBIsm<aFkinBIelIényanCMniH
nigvtßúFn¶ ;²déTeTot.
K- kñúgkrNIEdlbNþajeRkamdIRtÚvtemøIgkñgú RbB½n§lTU wkdUcbgðajkñgú rUbPaBTI 6 x lUTkw
EdlsRmab;dak;ExSkabenaHRtÚvEtFn;nwgsm<aFkinBIelIényanCMniH nigvtßúFn¶ ;²déTeTot .
bMBg;TIb Edk C½r b¤ PVC suIm:g;
rUbPaBTI 6 k -]TahrN_énkartemøIgbNþajeRkamdIdak;kñúgbMBg;
90
eFñIrkab
rUbPaBTI 6 x - ]TahrN_énkartemøIgbNþajeRkamdIenAkñúgRbB½n§lUTwk
3- karkb;kñúgdIpÞal;
3>1- kñúgkrNIEdlbNþajeRkamdIRtÚvtemøIgedaykb;kñgú dIpÞal; eBlenaHbNþajenaHRtÚvtemøIg

tamviFI dUcxageRkam .
k- RtÚvdak;bnÞHkarBarsmRsbBIelIbNþajeRkamdI b¤GnuvtþviFankarN_smRsb
déTeTot edIm,IkarBarbNþajeRkamdITl;nwgkarb:HTgÁicemkanicTaMgLay .
x- enAkEnøgEdlGacmaneRKaHfñak;dl;ExSkabedaysm<aFkinBIelIényanCMnHi nigvtßúFn¶ ;²
déTeTot bNþajeRkamdIRtÚvtemøIgenACMerAmYyEdlminrak;Cag 1>2Em:Rt edayELk
:TkI EnøgepSgeTot : bNþajeRkamdIRtÚvtemøIgenACMerAmYyEdlminrak;Cag 0>6Em:Rt.
3>2- CeRmArbs;bNþajeRkamdITaMgLay Edl)anerobrab;kúñgcMNuc 3>1>x xagelIenH

mann½yfa CaCeRmAénbNþajTaMgenH vas;BIbnÞHkarBarExSkab .
3>3- TIkEnøgdUcxageRkamRtÚvrab;bBa¢ÚleTAkñgú :TIkEnøgepSgeTot : éncMNcu 3>1>x xagelI.

k- cieBa©ImpøÚv
x- pøÚvEdlKµanrfynþqgø kat;
91
D
\dæ/ bnÞHpþl;sBaØaeFVIB)I aøsiÞc .l.
D
KRmb
xSac;
sñÚk
sñÚk
rUbTI 6 K -Bnül;GMBICeRmAEdlRtÚvkb;kabkñúgdIpÞal;
92
taragTI 14 k - CeRmAénkarkb;kabkñúgdIpÞal;
TIkEnøgEdlmaneRKaHfñak;edayTTYlrgnUv D = 1/2m b¤FMCag
kmøaMgsgát;rbs;yanCMniH nigvtßúepSg²
TIkEnøgdéTeTot D = 0/6m b¤FMCag
4- KmøatrvagExSkabmYyeTAExSkabmYyeTotcMeBaHbNþajEdlmanExSkabeRkamdIeRcIn
4>1- KmøatGb,brimarvagExSkabeRkamdIfImµ YyCamYybNþajGKÁisnIdéTeTot RtÚvkMNt;dUctarag
xageRkam ³
taragTI 14 x - KmøatrvagExSkabeRkamdImYyeTAExSkabeRkamdImYyeTotcMeBaHbNþaj
EdlmanExSkabeRkamdIeRcIn
¬Ékta³ m¦
bNþajGKÁs i nIepSgeTot
bNþajfµI
tg;süúgTab tg;süúgmFüm tg;süúgx<s;
tg;süúgTab 0/15 0/3 0/3
tg;süúgmFüm 0/3 0/3 0/3
tg;süúgx<s; 0/3 0/3 0/3
4>2 kñúgkrNIEdlbNþajGKÁisnImYyénbNþajGKÁisnIBIr temøIgenAkñgú bMBg;rwgmineqH minTamTar
[manKmøatGb,brmaeLIy.
5- KmøatrvagbNþajkabeRkamdICamYyvtßúdéTeTot
k- KmøatGb,brmarvagbNþajkabeRkamdImYy CamYymeFüa)aydéTeTot RtÚvmantémø
dUckñúgtaragxageRkam ³
taragTI 14 K - KmøatrvagbNþajkabeRkamdICamYyvtßúdéTeTot
¬Ékta Em:Rt¦
ExSkabfµI vtßúdéTeTot
KmnaKmn_ hÁas Twk lUTkw
tg;süúgTab *¬0/1¦ minRtÚv[mankarb:HpÞal; - -
0/3
tg;süúgmFüm *0/1 1/0 0/3 0/3
0/6
tg;süúgx<s; 0/6 1/0 0/3 0/3
*caM)ac;RtÚvmankaryl;RBmBIm©as;bNþajKmnaKmn_
93
x- kñúgkrNIbNþajGKÁs
i nItemøIgkñúgbMBg;TIbrwgmineqH ehIybMBg;TbI enaHminb:HpÞal;CamYyvtßú
déTeTot minTamTar[manKmøatGb,brmaeLIy .
K- kñúgkrNIbNþajKmnaKmn_CaExSruMbBa©ÚlCamYyExSGKÁisnI minTamTar[manKmøatGb,brma
eLIy.
6- kartP¢ab;ExSkabeRkamdI
kartP¢ab;ExSkabeRkamdI RtÚvEtGnuvtþtamviFIdcU xageRkambEnßmBIelImaRta 26 én llsb enH.
k- smÖar³sRmab;eFVkI artP¢ab; RtÚvEtGacFn;nwgkmøaMgBIxageRkAEdlnwgGacekIneLIgenAkñgú

l½kçx½NÐEdl)anKitTukCamun)an .
x- ExSkabEdl)antP¢ab;rYc RtÚvEtmanl½kçx½NÐl¥EdlGac[crnþqgø kat;)andUcExSkabedIm
EdlBuTM an;t .
K- ExSkabEdl)antP¢ab;rYc RtÚvmanlkçN³minRCabTwk dUcExSkabEdlBuMTan;t .
7- rcnasm<½n§énRbGb;tMNrkabeRkamdI
kñúgkrNIRtÚvtemøIgRbGb;tMNrkabeRkamdI RbGb;tMNrRtÚvmanrcnasm<n½ § dUcxageRkam ³
k- RbGb;tMNrkabeRkamdI RtÚvEtGacFn;nwgkmøaMgsgát;ényanCMniH nigvtßúFn¶ ;déTeTot .
x- enAeBlEdlkñgú lT§PaBxøH ]sµn½ EdlGacpÞHú b¤eqHGacmanenAkñúgRbGb;enaH ehIyTMhM
rbs;RbGb;KW 1m3 b¤FMCag RtÚvEttemøIgkgðarsRmab;bWt]sµ½nenHecj .
K- KRmbRbGb;tMNrkabeRkamdIRtÚvtemøIgy:agNa EdlCnTI3minGacebIkvaecjedayRsÜl.
8- karP¢ab;ExSdIsRmab;meFüa)ayenAeRkamdI
ExSdIkarBarsuvtßiPaBfñak; X RtÚvtemøIgP¢ab;eTAnwgEpñkelahFatuénmeFüa)ayenaH dUcCa
bMBg;TIb lUTwk nigRbGb;tMNr nigbnÞHEdkkarBarkab .
94
CMBUk 3
95
1> viFankarN_sRmab;karBarExScmøgnigbrikçaGKÁs
i nITl;nwgcrnþelIs
enAcMNuccaM)ac;TaMgLaykñgú esoKVGI KÁs
i nI RtÚvtemøIgDIsgu T½rkarBarcrnþelIsEdlkarBarExScmøg
nig brikçaGKÁs
i nI kuM[mankarxUcxatedaykareLIgkMedAhYsBIeRBaHmancrnþelIs
nigkarbgáarku[M ekItmanGKÁIP½y .
2>Rbdab;karBar nigpþls
; BaØasRmab;Rtg;sVÚm:aT½r nigbrikçaplitGnuPaBGskmµ¬kugdg;saT½r¦
Rtg;smVÚ :aT½r nigbrikçaplitGnuPaBGskmµ EdltemøIgenAkñgú sßanIy nigTItaMgGñkeRbIR)as;
tg;süúgx<s; nigmFüm RtÚvbMBak;nUv]bkrN_s½VyRbvtþi sRmab;kat;pþac;Rtg;smVÚ :aT½r nigbrikça
plitGnuPaBGskmµ BIesoKVGI KÁs i nI kñúgl½kçx½NÐminRbRktIEdlGacbgáeRKaHfñak; nigkarrMxand¾F¶n;F¶r
dl;karpÖt;pÁg;GKÁs
i nI bEnßmBIelIRbB½n§karBard¾smRsbdéTeTot dUcmanbgðajenAkñúgtarag {15} .
taragTI 15 - RbB½n§karBarsMrab;Rtg;sVÚm:aT½rnigbrikçaplitGnuPaBGskmµ
Rbdab;karBarnigpþl;sBaØa
PaBmin Rbdab; Rbdab;
cMNat;fñak;
RbRktI kat;pþac; pþl;
sV½yRbvtþi sBaØa
crnþelIs ○ ---
Rtg;srV½ m:aT½rFmµta karqøgxagkñúg ○ ---
karekInsItuNðPaB --- ○
Rtg;smVÚ :aT½rEdlmanRbB½n§
Rtg;srV½ m:aT½r eFVI[RtCak;¬RbB½ne§ FVI[Rt
em enAeBlRbB½n§eFV[I RtCak;min
Cak;Edlkñgú enaHsarFatu
dMeNIrkarb¤sItuNPð aBrbs;
RtCak;RtÚveFVI[RtCak;rbunM ig --- ○
Rtg;smVÚ :aT½r ekIneLIgKYr[
sñÚlEdkrbs;Rtg;smVÚ :aT½r
kt;sMKal;
pÞal;Etmþg ehIysarFatu
enHmankmøaMgCMruj[vil¦
96
brikçaplitGnu crnþelIs b¤tg;süúgelIs
Rtg;smVÚ :aT½rFmµta ○ ---
PaBGskmµ b¤karqøgxagkñgú
crnþelIs ○ ---
l½k<x½NÐ
karqøgxagkñúg ○ ---
Fmµta
karekInsItuNðPaB --- ○
sWner: sWner:Gak;Tr½ EdlmanRbB½n§

Gak;Tr½ eFVI[RtCak;¬RbB½n§eFV[I Rt
¬er:Gak;Tr½ t Cak; EdlkñúgenaHsarFatu enAeBlRbB½n§RtCak;mindMeNIrkar
CaExñg¦ RtCak;RtÚveFVI[RtCak;rbunM ig b¤stI N
u ðPaBrbs;snW er:Gak;Tr½ --- ○
sñÚlEdkrbs;snW er:Gak;Tr½ ekIneLIgKYr[kt;sKM al:

pÞal;Etmþg ehIysarFatu
enHmankmøaMgCMruj[vil¦
sMKal; ³ ○ : RtÚvtemøIg
-- ³ mincaM)ac;
1> l½kçx½NÐCamUldæan
k- begÁalRTExSGakasRtÚvEterobcMeLIgedayykcitþTukdak;elI bnÞkú TaMgLay dUcxageRkam³
tarag 16 k - RbePTbnÞkú
RbePTbnÞkú smasPaBbnÞkú
TMgn;begÁalRT
TMgn;ExScMlg/ ExSP¢ab;dI nigeRKOgbnÞab;bnSMEdlRTedaybegÁalTRm
bnÞkú bBaÄr TMgn;canGIs
u LU aT½r nigRbdab;RTepSg²EdlRTedaybegÁalTRm
EpñkbBaÄrénkMlaMgTajGtibrmaénExSTajTb;begÁal RbsinebIman
97
sm<aFcrnþxül;elIbegÁalTRm enAeRkamel,Ónxül;bk;Gtibrma
sm<aFcrnþxül;elIExScMlg nigExSdI EdlRTedaybegÁalRT eRkamel,Ónxül;bk;
Gtibrma
bnÞkú epþkTTwg sm<aFcrnþxül;elITnM ajelIcanRT nigRbdab;P¢ab;epSg²EdlRTedaybegÁalRT
EpñkepþkTTwgénkMlaMgTajGtibrmarbs;ExScMlg nigExSdIEdlRTedaybegÁalRT nigExS
TajTb;begÁal RbsinebIman
sm<aFcrnþxül;elIbegÁalRT enAeRkamel,Ónxül;Gtibrma
bnÞkú epþk EpñkepþkbeNþayénkMlaM;gTajGtulüPaB Gtibrmarbs;ExScMlg nigExSdIEdlRTeday
beNþay begÁalRT nigkMlaMgTMnajGtibrma énExSTajTb;begÁalRT RbsinebIman
x- begÁalTRmnigRKwHénExSbNþajGakastg;süúgx<s;RtÚvEterobcMeLIg
edayKitKUrdl;témøénsm<aF xül; QrelImUldÞanénel,Ónxül;kMNt;kñúgmaRta 27 .
K- begÁalRT nigRKwHénExSbNþajGakastg;süúgx<s; RtÚvEterobcMeLIgya:gNaedIm,I[begÁal
TaMgenaHGacFn;nwgbnÞkú Gtibrma edayKitKUrGMBIemKuNsuvtßiPaBsmRsb .
X- kñúgkrNIEdlExSbNþajGakastg;süúgx<s; RtÚvtemøIgenAkEnøgmanl½kçx½NÐGaRkk;bpM ut
dUcCa enAtamtMbn;mat;Tenø tMbn; xül;bk;xøaMg nigtMbn;déTeTot eBlenaHbegÁalTRm
nigRKwHrbs;vaRtÚvEterobcMy:agNa edIm,I[vaGacFn;nwgl½kçx½NÐBi)ak²TaMgenaH .
2> EpñknanaénbegÁalRT
EpñknanaénbegÁalTRmRtÚvbMeBj)antamkarkMNt;enAcMnucxageRkam b¤RtÚvmansmtßPaBRbhak;
RbEhlKñaCamYykarkMNt;enH .
2>1 lkçN³sMxan;énEpñknanarbs;begÁalTRm
EdksMEb:t/ EdkpÁrúM agepSg²/ bMBg;Edk/ bnÞHEdk/ r)ar Edk nigb‘TU ,úg
EdlrYmKñabegáItCabegÁalEdkx<s²; b¤begÁalEdkeRbIsRmab;ExSbBa¢ÚnGakas RtÚvmanlkçN³
smRsbtamkarkMNt;rbs; ISO ¬GgÁkarGnþrCatisRmab;kagarsþg;da¦ sþg;da 5
b¤sgþ ;dadéTeTotEdlRbhak;RbEhlnwgsþg;daenH .
98
2>2 kRmas;énEdkpSMnana
EdkpÁrúM agepSg²/ bMBg;Edk nigbnÞHEdk EdleRbIsRmab;pÁúM CabegÁalTRmEdkx<s;²

b¤begÁalEdksRmab;ExSbBa¢ÚnGakas RtÚvmankRmas; nigmanTMhMd¾éTeTot tamkarkMNt;
xageRkam³
2>2>1 kRmas;Gb,brimaénEdkpÁMrú agepSg²
k> EdkpÁnúM anaEdleRbICaeRKOgpSMsMxan;rbs;begÁalEdk ¬kñúgenHk¾KitbBa©ÚleRKOgpSM

sMxan;rbs;édTRmEdrEdlRtÚvGnuvtþdUcKñatamkarkMNt;kñúgmaRtaenH¦ RtÚvman
kRmas;4mm .
x> EdkpÁnúM anaEdleRbICaeRKOgpSMsMxan;rbs;begÁalTRmx<s²; RtÚvmankRmas; 5 mm.
K> EdkpÁnúM anaEdleRbICaeRKOgpSMepSg²eTotrbs;begÁalTRm RtÚvmankRmas; 3 mm.
2>2>2 kRmas;Gb,brimaénbMBg;Edk
k> bMBg;EdknanaEdleRbICaeRKOgpSMsMxan;rbs;begÁalEdk RtÚvmankRmas; 2 mm .

x> bMBg;EdknanaEdleRbICaeRKOgpSMsMxan;rbs;begÁalRTx<s;²RtÚvmankRmas;2>4mm.
K> bMBg;EdknanaEdleRbICaeRKOgpSMepSg²eTotrbs;begÁalRT RtÚvmankRmas;;1>6 mm.
2>2>3 GRtaPaBsþcÜ (Slenderness ratio)rbs;EdkpSMnana
GRtaPaBsþcÜ rbs;EdkpSMKCW asnÞsSmYy bgðajGMBIPaBx<s;RsavénrUbragrbs;va .

GRtaPaBsþcÜ rbs;EdkpSMmYy KWCaplEckénRbEvgCamYynwgkaMénmuxkat;rbs;E; dkpSM
enaH . GRtaPaBsþÜckan;EtFMmann½yfaRbEvgEdkpSMkan;EtEvg b¤muxkat;Edk
kan;EttUc dUecñHrUbragvakan;EtsþÜcEvg eFV[I ragvakan;EtexSay . GRtaPaBsþÜc
kan;EttUc mann½yfa RbEvgEdkpSMkan;EtxøI b¤muxkat;vakan;EtFM dUecñHrUbragva
kan;EtknþúlxøI eFVI[ragvakan;EtEtmaM .
GRtaPaBsþcÜ rbs;EdkpSMTaMgLayEdlrgkarsgát;RtÚv ³ minFMCag200 sRmab;

EdkpSMTaMgLayEdleRbIenA)ateRkam/ minFMCag220 sRmab;EdkpSMTaMgLay
99
Edlrgkarsgát; b:Eu nþminenA)ateRkam ¬minKitEdkpSMTaMgLayEdleRbICalkçN³
bnÞab;bnSM¦ nigminFMCag 250 sRmab;EdkpSMEdleRbICalkçN³bnÞab;bnSM .
2>2>4 kRmas;Gb,brimaénsnøkw Edk¬bnÞHEdk¦
kRmas;énsnøwkEdk minRtÚvtUcCag 1 mm eLIy .
2>3 kmøaMgènEdkrYmpSM nigb‘LU úg
kmøaMgénEdkpSM nigb‘LU gú TaMgLayEdleRbIsrM ab;begáalEdk nigssrEdkrbs;ExSbNþaj

bjäÚnGakas RtÚvmankmøaMgdUcmankMNt;kñúgtarag 16 x xageRkam H
tarag 16 x
cMNat;fñak;kmøaMg kmøaMg
kmøaMg enAeBlEdl Y  0.7B Y
Taj
enAeBlEdl Y > 0.7B 0.7B
sgxag
kmøaMgsgát;sgxag Y
kmøaMgBt;cugmçag Y
enAeBlEdl Y  0.7B Y / 3
kmøaMgkat;
enAeBlEdl Y > 0.7B 0.7B / 3
kmøaMgRT 1.65Y
0 < k <

    K  
 E Y   
 E Y 
2
Y K 0  K1  k
kmøaMgRc)ac;[ekag 
2 k
  k 1.52E / 2.2k2
Edl
Y: kmøaMgéncMNucRBmcuHcaj;rbs;EdkpSMnigb‘ULúg
B: kmøaMgTb;TnM ajrbs;EdkpSM nigb‘ULúg
k : GRtaPaBsþcÜ EdlenAmanRbsiTP§ aB ( = Lk / r )
Lk: RbEvgEdlminTan;GaceRKcrbs;EdkpSM
r: kaMrbs;muxkat;EdkpSM
E: GRtaPaByWt (20.6 x 102 N/m2)
:  15
. E 2.2KY
100
emKuN K, K0, K1, K2 kMNt;tamtarag 16-K .
tarag 16 K - emKuN K, K0, K1, K2 sRmab;tarag 16 x
K K0 K1 K2
EdkpSMEdlmingaysRmbtam¬bMBg;Edk
0.6 1 0 0.352
/Edkmuxkat;rag kak)aT .l.¦
EdkpSMEdlGacsRmbtamxøH¬EdkBIrRCug
0.5 0.945 0.0123 0.316
eRbIsRmab;pÁEúM pñkxageRkaménbegÁal.l.¦
EdkpSMEdlgaysRmbtam ¬Edk2RCúg
0.3 0.939 0.424 0
eRbIsRmab;EpñkExVgénbegÁal.¦ (*)
(*) RtÚvcMNaMfa kmøaMgRc)ac;[ekagminRtÚveRcInCag 0.6Y

sRmab;EdkpSMEdlgaysRmbtameLIy
2>4 kmøaMgrbs;EpñkTaMgLayénRKwHEdleRbIsRmab;srsrEdk b¤begÁalEdkx<s;²
EpñkTaMgLayénRKwHrbs;srsrEdk b¤begÁalEdkx<s;² sRmab;ExSbNþajbBa¢Ún

GakasRtÚvmankmøaMg dUckarkMNt;xageRkam³
k-kmøaMgrbs;ebtug
kmøaMgrbs;ebtugenAcMNcu RBmcuHcaj;RtÚvKittamkmøaMgsþg;daEdl)ankMNt;rbs;ebtug
¬kmøaMg eRkay4s)aþh_ Fc¦ nigRsbtamtarag 16 X .
tarag 16 X - kmøaMgrbs;ebtug
RbePTkmøaMg kmøaMgrbs;ebtug ×106N/m2
kmøaMgsgát;sgxag Fc/2
kmøaMgTajsgxag Fc/20
kmøaMgkat; Fc/20 and 0.74+1.5Fc/100
x-kmøaMgcgP¢ab;Kñarbs;ebtug
kmøaMgcgP¢ab;Kñarbs;ebtugenAcMNcu RBmcuHcaj; RtÚvKittamkmøaMgsþg;daEdl)aneRKag
rbs;ebtug¬kmøaMgeRkay4s)aþh_ Fc¦ nigRsbtamtarag 16 g
101
tarag 16 g - kmøaMgcgP¢ab;Kñarbs;ebtug
×106N/m2
EdkpÁMú
tMNtP¢ab;
EdkmUlenAEKmelI EdkmUlFmµta
EdkmUl 6Fc/100 nigminFMCag 1.32 9Fc/100 nigminFMCag 1.99 6Fc/100 nigminFMCag 1.32
EdkmUl Fc/10 nigminFMCag 3Fc/20 nigminFMCag 1.99+3Fc/50 Fc/10 nigminFMCag
fñaMgGMeBA 1.32+3Fc/75 1.32+3Fc/75
Edkrag 3Fc/100 nigminFMCag 0.66

epSg²eTot
K-kmøaMgénEdkragepSg² Edksnøwk nigr)arEdk
kmøaMgénEdkragepSg² Edksnøkw nigr)arEdk enAcMNcu RBmcuHcaj; RtÚvGnuelamtam

tarag 16 c xageRkam³
tarag 16 c - kmøaMgénEdkragepSg² Edksnøwk nigr)arEdk

kmøaMgTajsgxagenA kmøaMgsgát;sgxagenA
cMNucRBmcuHcaj; cMNucRBmcuHcaj;
(N/mm2) (N/mm2)
EdkmUl Y nigminFMCag 234 Y nigminFMCag 234
Ggát;p©wt  29 mm Y nigminFMCag 294 Y nigminFMCag 294
29 mm > Ggát;p©wt > 25 mm

EdkmUl Y Y
fñaMgGMeBA
25 mm  Ggát;p©wt Y nigminFMCag 322 Y nigminFMCag 322
epSg²eTot Y nigminFMCag 0.7B Y
Y: kmøaMgénsMPa³enAcMNc u RBmcuHcaj;

B: kmøaMgTajrbs;sP M a³
X-kmøaMgrbs;bL‘U úg
kmøaMgrbs;bUL‘ úgRtUvGnuelamtamtarag 16 x .
102
3> bnÞúkénsm<aFxül;
3>1 témøénsm<aFxül;
bnÞkú énsm<aFxül;RtÚvEtCatémøEdl)anKNnaEp¥kelIsm<aFxül;Edl)ankMNt;kgñú tarag16q.
taragenHmin)ac;GnuvtþeLIy enAeBlEdlkarKNnaeFVeI LIg edayEp¥kelItémøEdl)an

eFVIetsþsm<aFxül; ¬kñúgbMBg;xül;¦ edayeRbIel,Ónxül;mintUcCag 32 m/s. .
EpñkEdlTTYlrgel,Ónxül; RtÚvEtCaEpñkbBaÄrEdl)aneRKag énEdkpSMrbs;begÁal .
sRmab;EdkRTGuIsULaT½rrbs;begÁalebtug nigbegÁalEdk elIkElgEtbegÁalEdkragmUl
nigbegÁalEdkx<s;² EpñkEdlTTYlrgel,Ónxül; RtÚvEtCaRtÚvEtCaEpñkbBaÄrEdl)aneRKag
énrcnasm<n½ §xagmux Edlrgxül; .
tarag 16 q - sm<aFxül;sRmab;KNnabnÞúkénsm<aFxül;
sm<aFxül;kgñú 1 m2 én
sm<aFcrnþxül; EpñkbBaÄr Edl)aneRKag
rbs;EdlpSM (N)
begÁalragmUl 520
begÁal begÁalragRtIekaN b¤ragctuekaNBñay 1,220
Edk begÁalragctuekaNesµIEdleFVIBEI dkbMBg; 970
begÁaldéTeTot 1,540
begÁal begÁalragmUl 520

begÁalRT ebtug begÁalbYnRCúgesµI 1290
begÁalcRmwgEdkpÁMBú IEdkragepSg² 2,350 *

begÁal begÁalcRmwgEdkpÁMBú IEdkbMBg; 1,340 *
Edk x<s;² begÁalEt begÁalmUl 520
mYyedIm begÁalqekaN b¤GdæekaN 970
103
ExSGKÁs
i nIEdlmanExScmøgeRcInsés ¬kMNt;RtwmExS
Na EdlmanExScmøg2RtÚv)anerobcMtamExSedkCamYy
ExScmøgGKÁsi nI 610
Kña edaymancm¶ayrvagkña minFMCagg20dg énGgÁt;
nigExSdéTeTot
p©wtxageRkArbs;va .
ExScmøgepSg²eTot 680
Gus
I LU aT½r 900
EdkRTGus
I LU aT½rsRmab;begÁalEdk¬kMNt;RtwmEtbegÁalmUl¦nigbegÁalebtug eBleRbIvaCaFatuEtmYy
1,030
1,410 kñúgkrNIepSgeTot
*témøenHGnuvtþsRmab;begÁaltg;süúgx<s; 115KILÚvul
: EdlmankMBs;TabCag 40Em:Rt
3>2 bnÞkú énsm<aFxül;bk;beBa¢óg

enAeBlxül;bk;elIExSbNþajGKÁs i nItammuM 60 bnÞúkénsm<aFxül;kgñú rUbPaBCabnÞúkFmµtasnµt
rbs;begÁalEdkx<s;² RtÚvCabnÞkú Edl)anmkBIkI arKNnaedayKuNnwgemKuNbnÞúkénsm<aFxül;
¬kñúgkrNI begÁalrag4RCúgesµI¦ kñúgtarag 16 C .
tarag 16 C - emKuNrbs;bnÞúkénsm<aFxül;
emKuNbnÞkú énsm<aFxül;enAeBlxül;bk;
cMNat;fñak;bnÞkú énsm<aFxül; EkgnwgExSbNþajGKÁsi nI¬kñúgkrNI begÁal
rag4RCúgesµ¦I
bnÞkú énsm<aF bnÞkú énsm<aF begÁaleFVBI IEdkepSg² 1.6
xül;elI xül;elItYbegÁal begÁaleFVBI IbBM g;Edk 1.4
begÁalEdk ¬sRmab;bnÞúkénsm<aFxül;elIExS
0.5
x<s;² bnÞkú énsm<aFxül;elIédTRm
bNþajGKÁs
i nI¦
bnÞkú énsm<aFxül;elIExS 0.75
4> bnÞúkelIbegÁalRT nigemKuNsuvtßiPaB
bnÞkú TaMLayelIbegÁalRT nigemKuNsuvtßiPaBRtÚvEtbMeBj[)antamcMnucdUcxageRkam b¤mankar

GnuvtþRbhak;RbEhlnwgcMnucxageRkam³
104
4>1 RbePT nigkarrYmKñaénbnÞkú snµt;TaMgLay
RbePT nigkarrYmKñaénbnÞkú snµt;TaMgLay EdleRbIsRmab;KNnakmøaMgénbegÁalRTsRmab;
ExSbNþajbBa¢ÚnGakas RtÚveKarBtamkarkMNt;xageRkam³
bnÞkú snµt;TaMgLayelIbegÁalRTRtÚvcat;fñak;dUckarkMNt;kgñú tarag 16 Q . karrYmKña
rbs;bnÞúkTaMgenHelIbegÁalRT RtÚvGnuelamtamkarkMNt;kñúgtarag 16 j GaRs½yeTAtam
cMNat;fñak; nigRbePTénbegÁalRT .
tarag 16 Q - cMNat;fñak;énbnÞúksnµt;TaMgLayelIbegÁalRT
RbePTén nimitþsBaØa
matika
bnÞkú
TMgn;énbegÁalRT Wt
TMgn;rbs;ExScMlg ExSP¢ab;dI nigeRKOgbnÞab;bnSMEdlRTedaybegÁalRT Wc
bnÞkú
TMgn;canGIs
u LU aT½r nigRbdab;RTepSg²EdlRTedaybegÁalRT Wi
bBaÄr
EpñkbBaÄrénkMlaMgTajGtibrmaénExScmøg nigExSdI Va
EpñkbBaÄrénkMlaMgTajGtibrmaénExSTb;rbs;begÁal RbsinebIman Ws
sm<aFxül;elIbegÁalRT enAeRkamel,Ónxül;bk;Gtibrma Ht
sm<aFxül;elIExScMlg nigExSdI EdlRTedaybegÁalRT eRkamel,Ón
Hc
xül;Gtibrma
sm<aFxül;elIcanGus I LU aT½r nigRbdab;Pa¢ b;epSg²EdlRTedaybegÁalTRm Hi
bnÞkú epþkTTwg
EpñkepþkTTwgénkMlaMgTajGtibrmarbs;ExScMlg nigExSdIEdlRTeday Ha
begÁalRT nigExSTajbegÁal RbsinebIman Hs
bnÞkú rmYl bNþalmkBIGtulüPaBénkmøaMgTajGtibrimarbs;ExScmøg

q
hVaNamYy
sm<aFxül;elIbegÁalRT enAeRkamel,Ónxül;Gtibrma Ht'
EpñkepþkbeNþayénkMlaM;gTajGtibrmaénExSTb;EdlTb;begÁalRT
Ws'
RbsinebIman
bnÞkú epþk
GtulüPaBénkmøaMgTajGtibrimarbs;ExScmøgénhVaTaMgGs; nigExSdI P1
beNþay
GtulüPaBénkmøaMgTajGtibrimarbs; ExScmøgénhVaNamYy P2
bnÞkú rmYl bNþalmkBIGtulüPaBénkmøaMgTajGtibrimarbs;ExScmøgénhVa
q1
NamYy
105
tarag 16 j - karrYmKñaénbnÞúkTaMgLayEdlmanelIbegÁalRT
l½kçxN
½ Ðkgñú kareRKag karrYmKñénbnÞkú snµt;
cMNat;
RbePT bnÞkú bBaÄr bnÞkú epþkTTwg bnÞkú epþkbeNþay
fñak;
begÁal l½kçxN
½ ÐénbnÞkú TisedAxül;
begÁalRT Wt
Wc Va
Ws Ht
Hc
Ha Hs
q
H’t P1
P2 q1
W's
Wi Hi
RbePTbegÁal epþkTTwg ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○
begÁal l½kçxN
½ ÐFmµta
Tb;TMnajnigRT epþkbeNþay
ebtug ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○
begÁal RbePTbegÁal epþkTTwg ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○
Edk l½kçxN
½ ÐFmµta
cugeK epþkbeNþay ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○
epþkTTwg /60 ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○
l½kçxN
½ ÐFmµta
RbePTbegÁal epþkbeNþay ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○
begÁal Tb;TMnajnigRT
Edk epþkTTwg ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○
l½kçxN ½ ÐminRbRktI
x<s;² epþkbeNþay ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○
epþkTTwg ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○
begÁal l½
k ç xN½ Ð F mµ t a
epþkbeNþay
EdkeTal RbePTbegÁal
○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○
cugeK epþkTTwg ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○
l½kçx½NÐminRbRktI
epþkbeNþay ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○
Edl³
RbePTbegÁalenAxagcugeK³ begÁalRTEdlmanbnÞúkGtulüPaBFMenAkñgú TisedAepþkbeNþay
]TahrN_ ³ begÁalTI1ecjBIGnusßanIy .
l½kçx½NÐminRbRktI ³ karsnµt;enAeBleRKagbøg;begÁalfa manExS 1 b¤2 NamYy

énExScmøg nigExSdInwgdac;Føak; .
cMNaM³ sBaØargVg; "" bgðajfabnÞkú snµt;enaHekIteLIgkñúgeBlEtmYy EdlGacrYmcUlKña .
106
RtÚveRCIserIs TisedAxül;NaEdleFVI[manbnÞkú snµt; FMCageK .
enAkEnøgNaEdlExSTajerocMminsmamaRtKña enAelIbegÁalRTbnÞkú bBaÄrnwgRtÚvbEnßm
eTAelIbnÞúkEdlmankñúgtarag 16 j nigbnÞkú rmYlFmµtaRtÚvbEnßmelIRbePTbegáalcugeK .
4>2 kmøaMgTajGtulüPaBGtibrima nigkmøaMgepSg²eTot
kmøaMgTajGtulüPaBGtibrima nigkmøaMgepSg²eTotEdleRbIenAkñúg 4>1 RtÚvGnuelam

eTAtaml½kçx½NÐxageRkam ³
4>2>1 kmøaMgTaj nigkmøaMgrmYlGtulüPaBGtibrima RtÚvGnuelameTAtamtarag 16 d .
tarag 16 d – kmøaMgTaj nigkmøaMgrmYlGtulüPaBGtibrima

cMNat;fñak; RbePT kmøaMgTaj nigkmøaMgrmYlGtulüPaB
énbegÁalRT begÁalRT bnÞkú Fmµtasnµt; bnÞkú minRbRktIsnµt;
RbePTbegÁalTb;TMnaj nigRT minmankMNt;
EpñkepþkbeNþayénkMlaM;g
EpñkepþkbeNþayénkMlaM;g
begÁalEdk rbs;kmøaMgTb;GtulüPaB
rbs;kmøaMgGtulüPaBesµInwg
x<s;² RbePTbegÁalcugeK nigkmøaMgrmYlEdlekItmkBI
kmøaMgsnµt;GtibrimasRmab;
karkat;ExS
ExSTajnImYy²
RbePTbegÁalTb;TnM aj nigRT minmankMNt;
begÁalebtug EpñkepþkbeNþayénkMlaM;g
minman
nigbegÁal rbs;kmøaMgTb;GtulüPaBesµI
RbePTbegÁalcugeK kMNt;
Edk nwgkmøaMgTb;snµt;Gtibrima
sRmab;ExSTajnImYy²
4>2>2 sRmab;begÁalEdkx<s;²/ karkat;ExSGKÁs i nIRtÚvGnuelameTAtaml½kçx½NÐkMNt;

xageRkamGaRs½yeTAtamcMnnY hVasrubrbs;ExScmøgGKÁs i nI ¬mann½yfahVasRmab;
esoKVInmI Yy² ehIyhVanimYy²enHk¾RtÚveKarBtaml½kçx½NÐxageRkamEdr¦ .
107
k> ExSdIBüÜrelIGakas minRtÚvkat;RBmKñakñúgeBlEtmYyCamYynwgExScmøgGKÁs
i nIeLIy
ebIkat; KWRtÚvkat;EtExSmYy .
x> kEnøgEdlhVaTaMgGs;rbs;ExScmøgGKÁs i nImancMnYnminelIsBI12/ RtÚvkat;ExShVa

Et1hVaNaEdlbegáItPaBtantwgxøaMgCageKeTAeliEdkpSMnmI Yy²¬Gackat;ExScmøg2
kñúgkrNImanExScmøgGKÁs
i nIeRcInkñúghVa1 sMrab;begáalEdkx<s;² elIkElgEt
RbePTbegÁalcugeK¦
K> kEnøgEdlhVaTaMgGs;rbs;ExScmøgGKÁs i nI mancMnYnelIsBI12/ ¬elIkElgkrNI

EdlbBa¢ak;kgúñ cMNucX¦ Gackat;haV cMnYn2EdlenAkñgú esoKVeI pSgKña hVaNa
EdlbegátI PaBtantwgxøaMgCageKeTAeliEdkpSMnmI Yy² ¬Gackat;ExScmøg2 kñgú krNI
manExScmøgGKÁs i nIeRcInkñúghVa1 sMrab;begáalEdkx<s;² elIkElgEtRbePT
begÁalcugeK¦
X> kEnøgEdlkarerobcMExScmøgGKÁisnImanhVacMnYn 9 b¤eRcInCag zitenAkñgú CYredk

beNþay nighVacMnYn2enACYredkTTwg/ Gackat;haV 1kñúgcMeNamhVa6EdlenA
xagelIeKenAkñúgCYredkbeNþay ¬Gackat;ExScmøg2 kñúgkrNImanExScmøgGKÁs i nI
eRcInkñúghVa1sMrab;begáalEdkx<s;² elIkElgEtRbePTbegÁalcugeK) nighVa1eTot
énhVadéTeTot ¬Gackat;ExScmøg2 kñgú krNImanExScmøgGKÁisnIeRcInkñúghVa1
sMrab;begáalEdkx<s;² elIkElgEtRbePTbegÁalcugeK) EdlbegátI PaBtantwgxøagM
CageKeTAeliEdkpSMnImyY ² .
4>2>3 kmøaMgTajGtulüPaBEdlekIteT,Igedaysarkarkat;ExS RtÚvesµInwgkmøaMgTb;TMnaj

Gtibrima . eTaHCayMagNak_eday kmøaMgTajGtulüPaBGacesµnI wg 0>6 dg
énkmøaMgTb;TnM ajGtibrma RbsinebI edayGnuelamtamviFITajExS/ cMNcu Tb;rbs;
ExSpøas;bþÚrTItaMg enAeBlExSRtÚv)ankat; b¤k¾ExSrGilecjBIcMNcu Tb; .
4>3 emKuNsuvtßiPaBénbegÁalRT
kmøaMgrbs;EdkpSMenAcMNucRBmcuHcaj;énbegÁalebtug begÁalEdk nigbegÁalEdkx<s;²

EdleRbIsRmab;ExSbBa¢ÚnGakas RtÚvGnuelamtamemKuNsuvtßiPaBbBa¢ak;kúgñ tarag 16 z
sRmab;bnÞkú snµt;EdlkMNt;kgñú cMNuc 4>1 dl; 4>2 .
108
tarag 16 z - emKuNsuvtßiPaBénbegÁalRT
cMNat;fñak;rbs;begÁalRT l½kçx½NÐénbnÞkú emKuNsuvtßPi aB

begÁalebtug begÁalEdk bnÞkú snµt;Fmµta 2.0
bnÞkú snµt;Fmµta 1.5

begÁalEdkx<s;²
bnÞkú snµt;kgñú l½kçx½NÐminRbRktI 1.0 (1.5 sRmab;édRT)
5> bnÞúkelIRKw³rbs;begÁalRT nigemKuNsuvtßiPaB

5>1 bnÞkú elIRKw³rbs;begÁalRT
bnÞkú elIRKw³rbs;begÁalRTsRmab;ExSbBa¢ÚnGakasRtÚvKNna edaykarbUkbBa©ÚlKñaénbnÞkú snµt;

TaMgLayrbs;begÁalRT EdlbBa¢ak;kñúgvaküx½NÐ 4 ehIycMnYnGtibrimaénplbUk RtÚvCabnÞkú
snµt;Fmµta nigCabnÞkú snµt;kgñú l½kçx½NÐminRbRktI sRmab;RKwHbegÁal .
5>2 emKuNsuvtßiPaBrbs;RKwHbegÁal
emKuNsuvtßiPaBrbs;RKwHbegÁalRTsRmab;ExSbBa¢ÚnGakasRtÚvbMeBj[)antamcMnnY kMNt;kñúg
tarag 16 D sRmab;kmøaMgenAcMNucRBmcuHcaj;rbs;va .
tarag 16 D - emKuNsuvtßiPaBrbs;RKwHbegÁal
cMNat;fñak; emKuNsuvtßPi aB
énbegÁalRT bnÞkú snµt;Fmµta bnÞkú snµt;kgñú l½kçx½NÐminRbRktI
begÁalemtug nigbegÁalEdk 2.0 -
begÁalEdkx<s;² 2.0 1.33
5>3 karKitcMeBaHTm¶n;rbs;RKwHbegÁal
Tm¶n;rbs;RKwHbegÁalEdleRbIsRmab;KNnaemKuNsuvtßiPaB RtÚvKitGnuelamtamkarkMNt;dUc
xageRkam³
109
k> sRmab;RKwHbegÁalEdlTTYlrgbnÞkú TajeT,Ig Tm¶n;rbs;RKwHbegÁalcMnYnminticCag 2¼3
¬b¤Tm¶n;TaMgmUlrbs;RKwHbegÁalEdkx<s;²sRmab;bnÞúkkñgú l½kçx½NÐminRbRktI¦ GacKitbBa©Úl
eTAkñúgkmøaMgTb;karTajeLIgenH .
x> sRmab;RKwHbegÁalEdlRtÚvrgbnÞúksgátB; IelI Tm¶n;rbs;RKwHbegÁal RtÚvKitbBa©ÚleTAkñgú bnÞúk

sgát;BIelIenH .
maRta 32 ³ kareRKagerobcMRbdab;RTsRmab;sMrab;RTExScmøg nig¼b¤sRmab;RTExSdI

énExSbNþajGakastg;süúgx<s;
1> emKuNsuvtßiPaBénRbdab;RTsRmab;ExScmøg nig¼b¤ExSdIénExSbNþajGakastg;süúgx<s;
1>1 emKuNsuvtßiPaBsRmab;kMlaMgTb;TTM aj¬kmøaMgTajGtibrima b¤kmøaMkac;Gtibrima¦rbs;Rbdab;

RTExScmøg nigExSdIénExSbNþajGakastg;süúgx<s; RtÚvesµnI wg 2>5 b¤FMCag.
2>1 emKuNsuvtßiPaBEdlEcgxagelIenHRtÚvKNnadUcxageRkam³
¬k¦ canGus I LU aT½rTb;TMTaj ¬canGus
I LU aT½rEdlTb;karTajrbs;ExScMlg¦
[emKuNsuvtßiPaB] =[kMlaMgTb;karTajbM)ak;;] ¼ [kMlaMgTajGtibrimaenAcMnucRT]
¬x¦ canGus
I LU aT½rBüÜr ¬canGus
I ULaT½rEdleRbIsMrab;BüÜrExScMlg¦
[emKuNsuvtßiPaB] = [kMlaMgTb;karTajbM)ak;] ¼ [karpÁMbú nÞúkénbnÞkú bBaÄr
nigbnÞúkepþkTTwg]
¬K¦ canGus
I LU aT½rRT
[emKuNsuvtßiPaB] = [kMlaMgTb;karBt;b)M ak;] ¼ [bnÞkú epþkTTwg b¤bnÞúkbBaÄr
EdleFVIskmµPaBEkgnwgG½kSGab;sIs
u rbs;canGuIsULaT½r]
110
2> kmøaMgemkanicrbs;canGuIsULaT½rsRmab;ExSbBa¢ÚnGakas
2>1 bnÞkú snµt;

bnÞkú snµt;EdleRbIsRmab;KNnakmøaMgrbs;canGus
I LU aT½r sRmab;ExSbBa¢ÚnGakasRtÚvGnuelam
eTAtaml½kçx½NÐdcU xageRkam ³
k- bnÞkú bBaÄr
bnÞkú bBaÄrRtÚvCaplbUkrénTm¶n;rbs;ExScmøg Tm¶n;rbs;canGuI‘sULaT½r nigEpñkbBaÄr
énkMlaMgEdlekIteLIgedaykMlaMgTajsnµt;Gtibrimarbs;ExScMlg .
x- bnÞkú epþkTTwg
bnÞkú epþkTTwgRtÚvCaplbUkrbs;bnÞúkénsm<aFxül;rbs;ExScmøg nigcanGus
I LU aT½r nigEpñk
epþkénkMlaMgEdlekIteLIg edaykMlaMgTajsnµt;Gtibrmarbs;ExScmøg . bnÞkú énsm<aF
xül;RtÚvKNnaEp¥kelIcMnYnEdlkMNt;kñúgtarag 16 q .
K- kMlaMgTajsnµt;Gtibrimarbs;ExScmøg
kMlaMgTajsnµt;Gtibrimarbs;ExScMlg KWCakMlaMgTajrbs;ExSbBa¢ÚnEdlCakarpÁéúM nbnÞúk
bBaÄrEdlekIteLIgedayTm¶n;rbs;ExScmøg nigbnÞkú epþkEdlekIteLIgedaysm<aFxül;epþk
Ecgkñgú tarag 16 q enAkñúgsItNu ðPaBmFümkñúgtMbn; .
edIm,IbnßycMnYnkMhcU GKÁisnI nigedIm,IkarBarbrikçakuM[xUcbNþalmkBIkMhUcenH cMeBaHExS

bNþajGakastg;süúgx<s; RtÚvGnuvtþvFi ankarN_ dUcxageRkam ³
k- RtÚvtemøIgExSdIsMrab;ExSbNþajGakastg;süúgx<s;.
x- RtÚvtemøIgk,alekagRcalGKÁs i nI enAcugTaMgsgçagénbgÁcúM anGIs
u LU g;rbs;ExSbNþajGakas
tg;süúgx<s; .
K- RtÚvtemøIgcg¥ÚrEdk edIm,Icab;ExScMlgedayRbdab;rwtP¢ab;énbgÁcúM anGIs u LU aT½rénExSbNþaj
Gakastg;süúgx<s; .
111
1> Rbdab;Tb;rMj½r
RtÚvtemøIgRbdab;Tb;rMj½rtamcMnYn nigRbePTsmRsbedIm,IbgáakarcuHexSayénExSRsat nigExSdI

sMrab;ExSbNþajGakastg;süúgx<s; EdlbNþalmkBIrMj½redayxül; .
2> kartP¢ab;
kñúgkrNIEdlExSRsat nigExSdIRtÚvtP¢ab;KñaeTAvijeTAmkb¤tP¢ab;KñaCamYyExSeRsam b¤ExSkab
kartP¢ab;enH RtÚveKarBtamkartRmÚvnanadUcxageRkamenH bEnßmelIkartRmÚvénmaRta 26 rbs;
llsbG enH .
k- ExSRsat nigExSdIRtÚvtP¢ab;Kañ edaybMBg;tP¢ab;RbePTmanRkcab;rit[ENn b¤eday

Rbdab;Rc)ac;bBa©ÚlKña .
x- kMlaMgTMnajéntMNExSRsatnigExSdIRtÚvesµInwg 95° b¤elIsénkMlaMgTMTajrbs;ExSRsat

nigExSdIEdl)antP¢ab; . eTaHbIy:agenHk¾eday minRtÚvykkartRmÚvenHeTAGnuvtþ
cMeBaHkrNIEdl kMlaMgTajGtibrmaEdlnwgRtÚverobcMenaHtUcCageRcIneFobeTAnwgkMlaMg
TMnajx<s;bMputénExSRsat nigExSdIenaHeT dUcCaExSxøI²sMrab;cMlgcrnþExSP¢ab;BIbegÁal
cugeRkayeTAnwgGnusßanIy b¤epSg²eTot .
KmøatrvagExSRsatCamYybegÁalRT ExSTb; nig¼b¤CnÞl;begÁal énExSbNþajGakas

tg;süúgx<s; RtÚvmancMnYndUcxageRkam . KmøatenHRtÚvEtFana[)aneTaHCakñgú krNINamYy
EdlExScMlgeyakeTAeyakmkCaGtibrmaeRkamel,Ónxül;bk;Gtibrmak¾eday .
112
tarag 17 - KmøatrvagExSRsatCamYybegÁalRT
tg;süúgNUmINal; Kmøat
115KILÚvul: minticCag 0>70Em:Rt
KmøatrvagExSdICamYyExScMlgEdlzitenACitCageK kñúgcenøaHbegÁalCamYyKñaRtÚvEtFMCagKmøat
EdlkMNt;[cMNucRTenAcugTaMgsgçagéncenøaHbegÁal .
kMBs;ExScMlgénExSbNþajGakastg;süúgx<s; RtÚvmankMritdUcxageRkam ³
1> kMBs;enAkñúgtMbn;TIRkúg
kMBs;ExScmøggénExSbNþajGakastg;süúgx<s; enAkñgú tMbn;TRI kúgminRtÚvtUcCagkMBs;edaybUkbEnßm

0>060 Em:Rt EfmBIelIkMBs; 6>50 Em:Rt sMrab;ral;karekIn10KILÚvul: elIsBI 35 KILÚv:ul
eLIy .
tarag 18 k - km<s;enAkñúgtMbn;TIRkúg
tg;süúNmU INal; km<s;

115KILÚvul: minticCag 7>00 Em:Rt
230KILÚv:ul minticCag 7>70 Em:Rt
113
2> kMBs;enAkñúgtMbn;EdlCnTI3Bi)akcUleTACit
kMBs;ExScmøgénExSbNþajGakastg;süúgx<s;enAkñúgtMbn;EdlCnTI3Bi)akcUleTACit minRtÚvtUcCag
kMBs;edaybUkbEnßm 0>060 Em:Rt EfmBIelIkMBs; 5>50 Em:Rt sMrab;ral;karekIn10KILÚvul:
elIsBI 35 KILÚv:uleLIy .
tarag 18 x - kMBs;enAkñúgtMbn;EdlCnTI 3 Bi)akcUleTACit

3> kMBs;qøgBIelIpøÚvfñl; nig¼b¤pøÚvrfePøIg

kMBs;ExScmøgrbs;ExSbNþajGakastg;süúgx<s;Edlkat;TTwgelIpøÚvfñl; nig¼b¤pøÚvrfePøgI minRtÚv
tUcCagkMBs;edaybUkbEnßm 0>06 Em:Rt EfmBIelIkMBs;13 Em:RtsMrab;ral;karekIn 10 KILÚvul:
elIsBI 35 KILÚv:uleLIy .
tarag 18 K - kMBs;qgø BIelIpøÚvfñl; nig¼b¤pøÚvrfePøIg

4> kMBs;qøgBIelITenø nig¼b¤smuRT

kMBs;ExScmøgrbs;ExSbNþajGakastg;süúgx<s;Edlkat;TTwgTenø nig¼b¤smuRT RtÚvdUcxageRkam³
114
tarag 18 X - kMBs;qøgBIelITenø nig¼b¤smuRT
kEnøgEdlKµannavaqøgkat; kEnøgEdlmannavaqøgkat;
Kitcab;BcI MNucx<sb; pM uténnava
Kitcab;BkI MrwtkMBs;Tkw x<s;bMput
EdlsßitelIkMrwtkMBs;Tkw x<s;bpM ut ¬*1¦
minRtÚvtUcCagkMBs;edaybUkbEnßm 0>06Em:RtEfmBIelI
minRtÚvtUcCagkMBs;edaybUkbEnßm 0>06 Em:Rt
kMBs; 5>5Em:RtsMrab;ral;karekIn10KILÚvul: EfmBIelIkMBs; 3Em:Rt sMrab;ral;karekIn
elIsBI 35KILvÚ :ul eLIy . 10KILvÚ l:u elIsBI 35KILÚvl:u eLIy .
tg;süúNmU INal; km<s; tg;süúNmU INal; km<s;
115KILÚvul: minticCag 6>00 Em:Rt 115KILÚvul: minticCag 3>50 Em:Rt
230KILÚv:ul minticCag 6>70 Em:Rt 230KILÚv:ul minticCag 4>20 Em:Rt
¬*1¦cMNucx<s;bpM uténnavaRtÚvsMercykcMnYnmYyEdlføwgEføgdl;lT§PaBkñúgeBlGnaKt
5> cMNaM
kMBs;TaMgGs;Edl)anerobrab;xagelIRtÚvEtFana[)an eTaHCakñgú krNINamYyEdlmankaryar
Føak;cuHCaGtibrmaénExScmøgsßti kñúgsItuNðPaBGtibrmaEdlkMNt; .

b¤edImeQI
1> bBaØtþiTUeTA
KmøatrvagExScmøgnImYy²énExSbNþajGakastg;süúgx<s; CamYymeFüa)aydéTeTot b¤edImeQI
RtÚvEtdUckarkMNt;xageRkam ³
k- KmøatCamYymeFüa)aydéTeTot
KmøatrvagExScmøgnImYy²énExSbNþajGakastg;süúgx<s; nigmeFüa)aydéTeTotminRtÚv
tUcCagKmøatEdlbUkbEnßm 0>06Em:Rt EfmelIRbEvg3Em:RtsMrab;ral;karekIn 10KILvÚ l:u
elIsBI 35KILvÚ :ul eLIy.
115
tarag 19 k - KmøatCamYymeFüa)aydéTeTot

x- KmøatCamYyedImeQI
KmøatrvagExScmøgnImYy²énExSbNþajGakastg;süúgx<s; nigedImeQIminRtÚvtUcCagRbEvg
EdlbUkbEnßm 0>06Em:Rt EfmelIRbEvg 2Em:Rt sMrab;ral;karekIn 10 KILvÚ l:u
elIsBI 35KILvÚ :ul eLIy .
tarag 19 x - KmøatCamYyedImeQI

116
K- cMNaM
KmøatEdl)anerobrab;xagelI RtÚvEtFana[)aneTaHCakñúgkrNINamYymankaryarFøak;cuHCa
GtibrmaénExScmøgEdlsßitkñúgsItuNðPaBGtibrma nig¼b¤kareyakeTAeyakmkGtibrma
énExScMlgsßiteRkamel,Ónxül;GtibrmaEdl)ankMNt;k¾eday .
begÁalRT l½kçx½NÐénExScmøg
-kñúgsItN u ðPaBGtibrma
-kñúgmurM gVli Gtibrma eRkam
el,Ónxül;Gtibrma
Kmøat Kmøat
sMPar³
déTeTot
rUbPaBTI 7 - karenACitpÞal;;
117
2> karenACit nigkarqøgkat; CamYyGaKar
2>1 sMrab;ExSbNþajGakastg;süúgx<s;elIsBI 230 KILÚvl:u
ExSbBa¢ÚnGakasEdlmantg;süúgNUmINal;elIsBI 230 KILvÚ :ulRtÚvtemøIgmin[ticCag3Em:Rt

BIcMgayepþkBIGaKar .
Support
cm¶ayepþk
minticCag 3Em:Rt
GaKar
rUbPaBTI 8 - karenACitGaKar ¬tg;süúg230KILÚv:ul¦
118
2>2 ExSbNþajGakastg;süúgx<s; 115 KILÚv:ul
ExSbBa¢ÚnGakasEdlmantg;süúgNUmINal; 115 KILÚvul: RtÚvtemøIg[manKmøatminticCag
6Em:Rt BIdMbUlGaKar enAeBlEdlExSbNþajGakastg;süúgx<s; 115 KILvÚ :ul enARsbCamYy
GaKarcm¶ay 3 Em:Rt b¤kat;BIelIGaKar .
3m
3m
Support
minticCag minticCag 6
6 Em:Rt Em:Rt
GaKar GaKar
rUbPaBTI 9 - karqøgkat;GaKar ¬115KILÚv:ul¦
3> karenACitb¤karqøgkat;BIelIrvagExSbNþajtg;süúgmFüm nigExSbNþajtg;süúgx<s;
KmøatrvagExScmøgnImYy²énExSbNþajtg;süúgx<s; CamYyExSbNþajtg;süúgmFümb¤ExSbNþaj
tg;süúgx<sd; éTeTot minRtÚvmanKmøatticCagKmøatEdl)anKNnaedaybUkbEnßm 0>06 Em:Rt EfmelI
RbEvg 2Em:Rt sMrab;ral;karekIn 10KILÚvul: elIsBI 35 KILvÚ :ul .
119
tarag 20 - KmøatrvagExScmøg
tg;süúgNUmINal; ¬KILvÚ :ul¦ Kmøat ¬Em:Rt¦

Ll
115 minticCa 2>5
230 minticCa 3>2
begÁalRT
L1
ExSbNþajtg;süúgmFüm
b¤ExSbNþajtg;süúgx<s;
rUbPaBTI 10 - karenAEk,rKña nigkarqøgkat; rvagExSbNþajtg;süúgmFüm

nigExSbNþajtg;süúgx<s;
maRta 38 ³ karbgáacMeBaHeRKaHfñak; nigkarrMxanBI GaMgDucsüúgeGLicRtÚsþaTic
nigGaMgDucsüúgeGLicRtÚma:ejTic
1> GaMgDucsüúgeGLicRtÚsþaTic
ExSbNþajtg;süúgx<s; RtÚvtemøIgya:gNaTb;saá t;nUveRKaHfñak;cMeBaHxønÜ R)aNmnusS nig¼b¤kar

rMxanelIExSbNþajKmnaKmn_EdltemøgI Ek,rExSbNþajtg;süúgx<s;edaysarGaMgDucsüúgeGLicRtÚsþaTic .
120
RtÚvykcitTþ ukdak;GnuvtþviFankarN_smRsbTaMgLay rYmman cMnuc k nig x xageRkam RBmTaMg
maRta 28 én llsbGk pg .
k> EdnGKÁs i nIEdlekIteLIgedayExSbNþajGakastg;süúgx<s;sitß enAkMBs; 1m BIelIdI

minRtÚvmantémøx<s;Cag 3 K>v:¼m eLIy elIkElgEtcMeBaHExSbNþajGakastg;süúgx<s;
enAkEnøgepSg² EdlCnTI3GacBi)akcUleTACit)andUcCaenAelIPñM kñgú dIksidæan CaedIm.
x> vtßúFatucMlgGKÁs
i nIEdlsßti enABIelIGaKareRkamExSbNþajGakastg;süúgx<s; RtÚvEtP¢ab;
eTAdItamfñak; D RsbeTAtammaRta 22 én llsbGk enH .
2> GaMgDucsüúgeGLicRtÚm:aejTic
RtÚvtemøIgExSbNþajtg;süúgx<s;ya: gNa edIm,ITb;saá t;eRKaHfñak;cMeBaHxøÜnR)aNmnusS nig¼b¤

karrMxanTaMgLayEdlbNþalmkBIGaMgDucsüúgeGLicRtUm:aej:TiceTAelIExSbNþajtg;süúgTab nig¼b¤
ExSbNþajKmnaKmn_Edl)antemøgI Ek,rExSbNþajtg;süúgx<s; . RtÚvGnuvtþvFi ankarN_smRsb
TaMgLayrab;TaMgmaRta 28 én llsbGk enHpg .
1> bBaØtþiTUeTA
RtÚvtemøIg]bkrN_cab;crnþRcal enAkEnøgsmRsbTaMgLayénExSbNþajGKÁisnI .
2> kartemøIg]bkrN_cab;crnþRcal
2>1 cMNuctemøgI ]bkrN_cab;crnþRcal
enAkñgú esoKVtI g;süúgmFüm nigx<s; ]bkrN_cab;crnþRcalRtÚvtemøIgenAtamcMNucdUc)anray
bgðajxageRkam b¤enATIkEnøgNamYyEdlenACitcMNucTaMgenaH edIm,IkarBarkuM[xUcxatnUvbrikça
GKÁs
i nIEdltemøIgenAkñúgesoKVIGKÁisnIkñgú sßanIy Gnusaß nIy sßanIyEbgEck nigTItaMgGñkeRbIR)as;
tg;süúgx<s; nigtg;süúgmFüm edaykMeNIntg;süúgeLIghYs .
eTaHCay:agenHk¾eday karkMNt;enHminRtÚvGnuvtþeLIykñúgkrNIEdlBuMmankarRbQmmuxnwg
karxUcxatbrikçaGKÁs
i nITaMgenaH .
121
k> cMNucTTYlnigcMNucecjrbs;ExSbNþajGakas enAkñúgsßanIy Gnusaß nIy
sßanIyEbgEck .
x> cMNucTTYlenAelITtI aMgGñkeRbIR)as;tg;süúgx<s; nig
mFümEdlGKÁsi nIRtÚv)anpÁtp; Ág;BIExSbNþaj Gakastg;süúgx<s; nigmFüm .
K> TIkEnøgEdlRbQmmuxnwgeRKaHfñak;edaysar]bkrN_cab;crnþRcalEdltemøgI tamcMNuc
xagelI BuMmanRbsiT§PaBkarBardl; .
Rtg;sVÚ
230kV /
Gnusaß nIy Eckcay
115kV 22kV 230V, 400V
eragcRk
GKÁs
i nI
b¤GnusßanIy
GñkeRbIR)as;
230V, 400V
GñkeRbIR)as;
GñkeRbIR)as; ]bkrN_
GñkeRbIR)as; cab;crnþ
Rcal
rUbPaBTI 11 - cMNuctemøIgrbs;]bkrN_cab;crnþRcal
122
2>2 karP¢ab;ExSdIrbs;]bkrN_cab;crnþRcal
karP¢ab;ExSdIrbs;]bkrN_cab;crnþRcal RtÚvtemøIgeTAtaml½kçx½NmÐ aRta 22/ 23 én
llsbG enH .
er:ss
uI gþ ;ExSdIEdlRtÚvP¢ab;sRmab;]bkrN_cab;crnþRcal kñúgesoKVIGKÁisnItg;süúgx<s;
nigtg;süúgmFüm enAkñúgsßanIy GnusßanIy sßanIyEbgEck nigTItaMgGñkeRbIR)as;
tg;süúgx<s; nigmFüm RtÚvmantémøtcU Cag 10 eRcIntamEdlGaceFVIeTA)an
edIm,Ik[uM b:³Bal;dl;dMeNIrkar rbs;]bkrN_cab;crnþRcal .
123
CMBUk 4
meFüa)ayEckcay
tg;süúgmFüm nigtg;süúgTab
124
1> bnÞúkelIExSbNþajEckcayGakas
begÁalRTénExSbNþajGakastg;süúgmFüm nigTabRtÚveRKageLIgedayykmkKitnUvbnÞkú
TaMgLayEdlmanbgðajkñgú tarag 21 k .
tarag 21 k - RbePTbnÞúk
RbePTbnÞúk briyay
Tm¶n;rbs;begÁalRT
bnÞkú Tm¶n;rbs;ExSbNþajnigExSdI nigeRKOgbnÞab;bnSM epSg²EdlRTedaybegÁalRT
bBaÄr
Tm¶n;rbs;eRKOgGus
I LU aT½repSg² édRTnana nig]bkrN_EckcayEdlRTedaybegÁalRT
smasFatubBaÄrénkmøaMgTajGtibrmarbs;ExSTb;EdlTb;begÁalRT
sm<aFrbs;xül;elIbegÁalRTeRkamel,Ónxül;Gtibrma
sm<aFrbs;xül;elIExScmøg nigExSdIEdlRTedaybegÁalRTeRkamel,Ónxül;Gtibrma
bnÞkú
epþkTTwg sm<aFrbs;xül;elIGIs
u ULaT½r édRTnana nig]bkrN_EckcayEdlRTedaybegÁalRT
eRkamel,Ónxül;Gtibrma
smasFatuepþkTTwgénkmøaMgTMnajGtibrmarbs;ExScmøg nigExSdIEdlRTedaybegÁalRT
nigExSTb;EdlTb;begÁalRT RbsinebIman
bnÞkú epþk bnÞkú rbs;xül;elIbegÁalRTeRkamel,Ónxül;Gtibrma
beNþay smasFatuepþkbeNþayénkmøaMgTMnajGtibrmarbs;ExScmøgnigExSdIEdlRTedaybegÁalRT
nigkmøaMgTajGtibrmaénExSTb;EdlTb;begÁalRT RbsinebIman
tamry³karKNna TImYy RtÚvKNnabnÞkú enAeBlsm<aFxül;eFVIskmµPaBelIExSbNþajEckcay

tamTisepþkTTwg nigTIBrI RtÚvKNnabnÞkú enAeBlsm<aFxül;eFVIskmµPaBelIExSbNþajEckcaytamTis
epþkbeNþaybnÞkú NamYyénbnÞkú TaMg 2 EdlbegátI nUvPaBtantwgFMCageKelIEdkpSMrbs;begÁalRT
RtÚvkMNt;faCabnÞúksnµt;Fmµta .
125
2> emKuNsuvtßiPaBénRKwHrbs;begÁalRT
- emKuNsuvtßiPaBénRKwHrbs;begÁalRTsRmab;ExSbNþaj Gakastg;süúgTab RtÚvesµInwg 2

b¤k¾FMCag eFobeTAnwgsm<aFxül; .
- emKuNsuvtßiPaBénRKwHrbs;begÁalRTsRmab;ExSbNþaj Gakastg;süúgmFüm RtÚvesµInwg 2

b¤FMCag eFobeTAnwgbnÞúkEdl)anerobrab;kgñú tarag 21 k .
- tarag 21 x xageRkamenHsMrab;GnuvtþcMeBaHkartemøgI begÁaleQI begÁalEdk nigbegÁalebtug
enAelIdITn; . kartemøgI enAkEnøgepSgBIenH nigkartemøgI begÁalRbePTepSgBIenH minGnuvtþtam
taragenHeLIy .
tarag 21 x
RbePT bnÞúkEdleRKag RbEvg cenøaHBIbegÁalmYy
énbegÁalRT CMerARtÚvdaM eTAbegÁal mYyeTot
begÁal begÁal
15 Em:Rt y:agtic 1¼6 ExSbNþajtg;süúgmFümkñúg
b¤tci Cag énRbEvgsrub tMbn;TRI kúg³ cenøaHBIbegÁal
mYyeTAbegÁalmYyeTotmin
begÁaleQI ---- elIsBI15Em:Rt y:agtic2>5Em:Rt RtÚvelIsBI 75m eLIy.
dl;16Em:Rt
15Em:Rt b¤ y:agtic 1¼6 én ExSbNþajtg;süúgTabkñgú
begÁalEdk ---- ticCag RbEvgsrub tMbn;TRI kúg³ cenøaHBIbegÁal
elIsBI15Em:Rt mYyeTAbegÁalmYyeTotmin
dl;16Em:Rt y:agtic2>5Em:Rt RtÚvelIsBI 40m eLIy.
15Em:Rt y:agtic1¼6
6>5 KILjÚ Útnu b¤tci Cag énRbEvgsrub
begÁal b¤tcU elIsBI15Em:Rt 2>5Em:Rt ExSbNþajepSgeTot³ minRtÚv
ebtugman CagenH dl;16Em:Rt y:agticbMput elIsBI 150m eLIy.
srésEdk elIsBI16Em:Rt 2>8Em:Rt
dl;20Em:Rt y:agticbMput
126
3> kMlaMgTb;énbegÁalebtugmansrésEdk
- begÁalebtugmansrésEdksMrab;ExSbNþajtg;süúgTab RtÚvEtmankMlaMgGacTb;ngw bnÞúksm<aF

xül;
- begÁalebtugmansrésEdksMrab;ExSbNþajtg;süúgmFüm RtÚvmankMlaMgGacTb;nwgbnÞúk
Edl)anerobrab;kgñú maRta 31 én llsbG enH .
- begÁalebtugmansrésEdkRtÚvmankMlaMgGacTb;nwgcMnYn 2dgénkMlaMgbnÞkú Edl)aneRKag .
4> emKuNsuvtßiPaBrbs;ExScmøg nigbegÁalRT
4>1 ExScmøg
kmøaMTb;TMnaj¬kmøaMgTb;TnM ajGtibrima/kmøaMgTb;karkac;b)M ak;¦rbs;ExScmøgénbNþajEckcayGakas
nigExSdIBüÜrelIGakas RtÚvmanemKuNsuvtßiPaBesµnI wg 2/5 b¤FMCag .
4>2 begÁalRT
¬1¦ begÁalRTsRmab;ExSbNþajGakastg;süúgTab RtÚvmankMlaMgTb;bnÞúkesµInwg 1>2 dg
énsm<aFxül;sRmab;begÁaleQI nigkMlaMgTb;bnÞúkesµInwgsm<aFxül; sRmab;begÁal
RbePTepSg²eTot .
¬2¦ begÁaleQIEdleRbIsRmab;RTExSbNþajtg;süúgmFüm RtÚvtemøIgedayGnuelameTAtam
karkMNt;enAkñúgcMNuc dUcxageRkam ³
k> emKuNsuvtßiPaBTl;nwgsm<aFxül; RtÚvmancMnYnmintUcCag 1/5 nig
x> Ggát;p©iténcugbegÁalEpñkxagelI RtÚvmankRmas;mintUcCag 12 sg;TEI m:Rt
¬3¦ eKGaceRbIbegÁalebtugmansrésEdk nigbegÁalEdk sMrab;RTExSbNþajGakas
tg;süúgmFüm enAeBlEdlkMlaMgTb;rbs;vaGacTb;nwgbnÞkú snµt;Fmµta .
5> el,Onxül;CamUldæan
el,Ónxül;CamUldæanEdleRbIR)as;kgñú karKNnabnÞkú rbs;xül;elIExSbNþajEckcayGakas
RtÚvmancMnYndUcxageRkam ³
127
tarag 21 K - el,Ónxül;CamUldæan
el,Ónxül;RbcaMqañ MGtibrima KitCamFümkñgú 10 32 m/sec
naTI ¬kñgú ry³eBlxYb 50 qñaM¦
el,Ónxül;CamUldæanxagelIenH RtÚvpøas;brþÚ enAkñgú l½kçx½NÐdUcxageRkam ³

k/ enAeBlTinñny
½ el,Ónxül;Edl)anXøaMemIlRKb;RKan;RtÚv)anRbmUlrYc
x/ enAeBlRtÚvkarBiessnUvsßri PaBFMCagmun
K/ enAeBlTItaMgenaHman\T§Bi lNamYyeFV[I el,Ónxül;fycuH .
6> karbEnßmkmøaMgTb;edayExSTb;sRmab;begÁalRT
begÁalRTRtÚvmanExSTb;edIm,IEckrMElkkmøaMgTb;CamYyExSTb; edayGnuelamtamtarag 21 X.
kñúgkrNIenH kmøaMgTb;rbs;begÁalRTxøÜnÉgRtÚvGacTb;ya:gehacNas;k¾Bak;kNþalénbnÞkú rbs;
xül;Edr.
6>1 kartemøgI ExSTb;nigemKuNsuvtßiPaBénExSTb;
k> kartemøgI ExSTb;
RtÚvtemøIgExSTb;edIm,IbEnßmkmøaMgTb;eTA[RKwHbegÁalRT RbsinebIlT§plénkarKNnaemKuN
suvtßiPaBrbs;RKwHbegÁalRTmantémøtUcCag 2 eRkaml½kçx½NÐdUcxageRkam ³
tarag 21 X - l½kçxN
½ ÐénkartemøIgExSTb;
l½kçx½NÐ viFItemøIg emKuNsuvtßiPaB

rbs;ExSTb;
k-begÁalRTEdlKµankmøaMgRKb; RtÚvtemøIgExSTb;EdlGacTb;nwgsm<aFxül;[)an
2/5 b¤FMCag
RKan;edIm,ITb;sm<aFxül; RtwmRtÚveTAtammuMénExSbNþaj
x-begÁalRTEdlcenøaHbegÁal RtÚvtemøIgExSTb;EdlGacTb;nwgkmøaMgekItmkBIGtulüPaB 1/5 b¤FMCag
sgxagxusKñaeRcIn énkmøaMgTajenAEpñkTaMgsgxagénTisedArbs;ExS
128
K-begÁalRTEdlExSbNþajTaMg RtÚvtemøIgExSTb;EdlGacTb;nwgkmøaMgekItmkBITMnaj 1/5 b¤FMCag
sgxagbegáItmuFM MCag5dWeRk snµt;GtibrimaénExSnImYy²enAEpñkpÞy
ú Kñarbs;ExS
X begÁalRTEdlzitenAxag RtÚvtemøIgExSTb;EdlGacTb;nwgkmøaMgTajsnµt;
cugExS GtibrimaénExS enAEpñkpÞy
ú Kñarbs;ExS
x> EpñkenACitdIrbs;ExSTb;
EpñkenACitdIrbs;ExSTb; KWKitcab;BEI pñkenAkñúgdIrbs;ExSTb;mkdl;kMBs;30sg;TEI m:Rt
xagelIdI RtÚveRbIEdkmUlEdlmaneRsabRsTab;karBar b¤elah³mUlEdlmanlkçN³
Rhak;RbEhl b¤elIs cMeBaHkmøaMgTb; nigkarTb;Tl;ngw PaBeRcHsuI .
K> RKwHrbs;ExSTb;
yufáarbs;ExSTb; RtÚvEttemøIg[)anrwgmaMya:gNaEdlvaGacFn;nwgkmøaMgTajrbs;ExSTb; .
yufáarbs;ExSTb;EdlRtÚvtemøIgsRmab;begÁalRTRtÚvEtCavtßúFatuEdleRcHmingaysuI .
X> eRsamGus I ULg;
RbsinebIExSTb; RtÚv)antemøIgenAelIExSbNþajEckcayGakasEdlGacmaneRKaHfñak;
edaysarkarb:HnwgExScmøgGKÁisnI eKRtÚveRbIeRsamGus I LU g;edIm,IeRsabEpñkxagelIénExS
Tb;enaH .
eTaHCay:agenHk¾eday RbsinebIExSTb;RtÚv)antemøgI enAelIExSbNþajEckcayGakas
tg;süúgTabenAkEnøgeRkABIvalERs b¤tMbn;elcTwk eKmincaM)ac;eRsabeRsamGus I LU g;eT .
g> km<s;rbs;ExSTb;
ExSTb;Edlqøgkat;pøÚvRtÚvmankm<s;minticCag 6/5 Em:Rt Kitcab;BéI pÞpøÚv . RbsinebI
krNIenHminGacGnuvtþ)anedaysarehtuplbec©keTs GacGnuBaØat[mankm<s;mni ticCag
4/5 Em:Rt ¬b¤minticCag 2/5 Em:RtsRmab;dcI MNIpøÚv¦ RbsinebIkEnøgenaHminbgá
[maneRKaHfñak;cracr .
c> CnÞl;
CnÞl;EdlmankmøaMgRbhak;RbEhl b¤xs < ;Cag GaceRbICnM YsExSTb;)an .
129
maRta 41 ³ ExSbNþajGakastg;süúgmFümnigtg;süúgTab
1> ExSkabsMrab;ExSbNþajGakas
k> enAeBlExSkabRtÚv)aneRbIR)as;srM ab;ExSbNþajGakas ExSkabRtÚvtemøIgedayeRbIExSsRmab;

eyag b¤viFIsmRsbepSgeTot eFVIy:agNakMu[manTMnajelIExSkab . ExSsRmab;eyag
RtÚvEttemøIgRsbtamkarkMNt; énmaRta 32 én llsbGk enH .
x> enAeBlExSkabRtÚv)antemøgI tambeNþayGKar b¤vtßúdéTeTot ExSkabRtÚvEt)anRTy:agNa
kMu[mankarxUcxatedaysarkarb:HeTAnwgGKar b¤vtßúTaMgenaH.
2> viFItP¢ab;ExScmøgGakas
kMlaMgTb;TMnajénExScmøgminRtÚvfycuH 20° b¤elIsBIenHeT enAeBlmankartP¢ab;ExScmøg .
RbsinebIkMlaMgTajEdlmanelIExScmøgmantémøtUcCageRcIneFobeTAnwgkmøaMgRb;TnM ajénExScmøg lkç½xN
½ Ð
enHmin)ac;GnuvtþeLIy .
3> kartbMEbkecjBIExSbNþajGakas
kartbMEbkecjBIExSbNþajGakasRtÚveFVIeLIgenARtg;cMNucRTénExSbNþajenaH. RbsinebIkar
tbMEbkeFVIeLIgedayminbegátI kMlaMgTajelIExScMlgenAcMNucbMEbkenaHeT lkç½x½NÐenHGacmin)ac;
Gnuvtþ)an .
1> lkçN³TUeTAénkMlaMgemkanicrbs;GuIsULaT½r
GIsu LU aT½rRTExSbNþajtg;süúgmFüm RtÚvEttemøIgtamreboby:agNa[GIusULaT½renaHmankMlaMg

RKb;RKan;edIm,ITTYl)anemKuNsuvtßiPaBesµInwg 2>5 b¤FMCag edayEp¥kelIkarsnµtfa bnÞkú
dUcxageRkamenH RtÚv)anpÞkú eTAelIGus
I ULaT½renaH .
k> sMrab;Gs
Iu LU aT½rf<k;ExS bnÞkú RtÚvCakMlaMgTajGtibrma Edl)ansnµt;ykénExS
130
x> sMrab;GsIu LU aT½rRTExS bnÞkú RtÚvCabnÞúkepþkcMehog b¤bnÞkú bBaÄr EdlTajEkgnwgG½kS
énGIusULaT½r .
2> emKuNsuvtßiPaBénGIs u ULaT½r

emKuNsuvtßiPaBrbs;Gus
I ULaT½rsRmab;ExSbNþajtg;süúgmFüm RtÚvKNnatamsmIkardUc
xageRkamenH ³
2>1 GIs
u ULaT½rf<k;ExS ¬Gus
I ULaT½rEdlmanTMBk;sRmab;fk< ;ExScmøg¦
kmøaMgTajbM)ak;
emKuNsuvtßiPaB = kmøaMgsnµt;GtibrmaénExS
2>2 GIs
u ULaT½rRTExS
kmøaMgTajbM)ak;;
emKuNsuvtßiPaB =
bnÞkú epþkTTwg b¤bnÞkú bBaÄrEdlTajEkgnwgG½kSénGIusLU aT½r
3> bnÞúksnµt;
bnÞkú snµt;EdleKeRbIsRmab;KNnakmøaMgFn;rbs;Gus
I ULaT½rénExSbNþajtg;süúgmFüm RtÚveKarB
taml½kçx½NÐdUcxageRkam³
k> bnÞkú bBaÄr

bnÞkú bBaÄr KWCaplbUkénTm¶n;rbs;ExSGKÁs
i nI nigTm¶n;eRKOgpSMrbs;Gs
Iu ULaT½r
x> bnÞkú epþkTTwg

bnÞkú epþkTTwg KWCaplbUkénkmøaMgsm<aFxül;elIExScmøgGKáisnIelIeRKOgpSMénGIusULaT½r
nigsmasFatuénbnÞkú epþkTTwgEdlbegáItedaykmøaMgTajsnµt;Gtibrmarbs;ExScmøg . bnÞkú
sm<aFxül;RtÚvKNna QrelImUldæanéntémøkgñú tarag 22 .
131
tarag 22 - bnÞúksm<aFxül;
EpñkénvtßúEdlrgsm<aFxül; sm<aFxül;elI1Em:Rtkaer:énépÞbBaÄr KitCa)a:sáal;
ExScmøgGKisÁ nI nigExScmøgdéTeTot 680
eRKOgpSMénGIusULaT½r 900
*sm<aFxül;)anmkBIel,Ónxül; 32m¼vinaTI dUckñúgtarag 21 K .
4> kmøaMgTajsnµt;GtibrmaénExSbNþaj
kmøaMgTajsnµt;GtibrmaénExSbNþaj KWCakmøaMgTajénExScmøgrbs;ExSbNþajtg;süúgmFüm
eRkamGMeBIénplbUkbnÞkú dUcxageRkam ³
k> bnÞkú EdlekIteLIgedayTm¶n;ExScmøg nig
x> bnÞkú epþkEdlekIteLIgedaysm<aFxül;epþkdUcmanEcgkñúgtarag 22 .
Rtg;srV½ m:aT½rtg;süúgmFüm¼TabrYmTaMgExScmøgtg;süúgmFüm eRkABIExSkab RtÚvEttemøIgy:agNa
min[maneRKaHfñak;qk;GKÁisnI edayeRbIrebobNamYy énviFIdUcxageRkam³
1> Rtg;srV½ m:aT½rtg;süúgmFüm¼Tab RtÚvtemøIgkñgú bnÞbd; ac;edayELkmYyEdlRtÚv)ancak;esar
2> Rtg;srV½ m:aT½rtg;süúgmFüm¼Tab RtÚvtemøIgenAkMBs;minticCag 5>0Em:Rt BIépÞdI edIm,I

kMu[mnusSGacb:Hva)anedaygayRsYl .
3> RtÚvB½Tr§ bg[)ansmRsbCMvu ijRtg;s½rV m:aT½rtg;süúgmFüm¼Tab edIm,Ik[Mu mnusSGacb:Hva)an

edaygayRsÜl nigRtÚvdak;pøaksBaØaRBmanGMBIeRKaHfñak;. müa:geTotEpñkmancrnþ
énRtg;srV½ m:aT½rtg;süúgmFüm¼Tab EdlRtÚvzitenAcMhrRtÚvEttemøIgvaya:gNaku[M mnusSGac
b:Hva)anedaygayRsÜl .
132
(SWER)
1> kartemøIgExSdIsRmab;RbB½n§ExSeTalcrnþRtLb;tamdI (SWER)

ExSdIénEpñkcUlrbs;Rtg;srV½ m:aT½rEckcaykñgú RbB½n§ExSeTalcrnþRtLb;tamdI¬SWER¦ RtÚvtemøIg
tamrebobdUcxageRkam eFVIy:agNaecosvagku[M ekItmaneRKaHfñak;dl;mnusS stV Rsuk nigxUcxat
smÖar³epSg² edaysarPaBxusKñarvagb:Utg;Esülrbs;RbB½n§ExSdI nigb:tU g;EsülenAelIdIEdlbNþal
mkBIcrnþénbnÞkú enAeBlmankarxUcxatNamYyekIteLIg .
k> er:ssIu gþ ;dI RtUvmantémø 5 GUm b¤TabCag .

x> muxkat;rbs;ExSdI minRtÚvtUcCag 16 mm2
K> ExSdIEdlzitenACeRmABI 75sg;TEI m:Rt EpñkeRkamdIdl;km<s; 2 Em:RtBIelIdI RtÚvEttemøIgkñgú
bMBg;TIbC½r b¤maneRsamkarBarEdlmanKuNPaBGIs u LU g; nigPaBFn;Rbhak;RbEhl b¤x<s;Cag.
X> ExSdIsRmab;RbB½n§ExSeTalcrnþRtLb;tamdI¬SWER¦ EdltemøgI enAEpñkTI1 rbs;Rtg;srV½ m:aT½r
Eckcay nigExSdIfañ k; {x} RtUvtemøgI dac;edayELkBIKña edIm,IrkSanUvsuvtßiPaBrbs;RbB½n§
ExSbNþajtg;süúgTab .
2> crnþénbnÞúkrbs;Rtg;sVÚrEckcay
crnþénbnÞkú kñúgesoKVIcrnþRtLb;tamdIminRtÚveRcInCag 8 GaMEBr eLIy .
3> Rtg;sV½rm:aT½rrbuMdac;Kña
esoKVIRbB½n§ExSeTalcrnþRtLb;tamdI ¬SWER¦ RtÚvpÁt;pÁg;edayRtg;srV½ m:aT½rEdlmanrbMBu Ir
¬Rtg;sVmÚ :aT½r rbudM ac;Kña¦ .
4> suvtßiPaBsRmab;CnTI3
pøaksBaØahamXat;sRmab;rMlkw dl;CnTI3 RtÚvtemøIgenACitcMNucExSdI .
133
1> kartemøIgDIsSúgT½rkarBarcrnþelIstg;süúgmFüm
k> enAelIExSbNþajtg;süúgmFüm RtÚvtemøIgDIsSúgT½rkarBarcrnþelIsmYy enAcMNcu ecjén
GnusßanIy b¤TtI aMgRsedogKña nigenAxagEpñkTI1énRtg;s½rV ma:Tr½ .
x> DIsSúgT½rkarBarcrnþelIssMrab;karBarcrnþqgø b:H RtÚvmanlT§PaBGackat;pþac;crnþqøgb:HEdl
qøgkat;tamDIsSúgT½renH .
2> kartemøIgDIsSúgT½rkarBarcrnþqøgb:HdItg;süúgmFüm
DIsSúgT½rkarBarcrnþqgø b:HdIEdlRtÚvkat;pþac;esoKVIedaysV½yRbvtieþ nAeBlmankarqøgb:HdIekIteLIg

enAelIbNþaj RtÚvtemøIgenAcMNcu ecjénGnusßanIy b¤énTItaMgRsedogKña .
3> kartemøIg]bkrN_cab;crnþRcal
edIm,IkarBarbrikçaGKÁs
i nIBIkarxUcxatedaysarrnÞH ]bkrN_cab;crnþRcalRtÚvtemøIgenAtam
kEnøgénExSbNþaj dUcbBa¢ak;xageRkam b¤enAtMbn;CMvu ijkEnøgenH . RbsinebImeFüa)ayGKÁs i nIminGac
mankarxUcxat edaysarrnÞHeTenaH lkç½xN ½ ÐenHmin)ac;GnuvtþeT,Iy .
k> cMNucecjénExSbNþajGakasBIeragcRkGKÁisnI GnusßanIy nigkEnøgdUcKña .
x> cMNuctP¢ab;énExSbNþajGakastg;süúgmFümCamYy Rtg;srV½ m:aT½rem .
4> krNIelIkElgkñúgkartemøIgDIsg;T½rkarBarcrnþelIssRmab;ExSbNþajtg;süúgmFüm
nigtg;süúgTab
mintRmÚv[temøgI DIsSúgT½rkarBarcrnþelIsenAtamTIkEnøgdUcxageRkam³
k> ExSdIsMrab;kargarP¢ab;ExSdI
x> ExSNWténExSGKÁs i nI . eTaHCay:agenHk¾eday DIsSúgT½rkarBarcrnþelIsGacRtÚvtemøIg
RbsinebI b:UlGKÁs i nITaMgGs; RtÚvkat;pÁac;kgñú eBlCamYyKña
K> ExSdIrbs;ExSGakastg;süúgTab EdlesoKVTI aMgenaHRtÚv)anP¢ab;ExSdIfañ k; x .
134
maRta 46 ³ kMBs;énExSbNþajGakastg;süúgmFümnigtg;süúgTab
1> bTb,BaØtþisRmab;ExSbNþajGakastg;süúgmFüm nigtg;süúgTab
kMBs;ExSbNþajGakastg;süúgTab nigtg;süúgmFüm minRtÚvtUcCagtémøEdlkMNt;enAkñgú tarag

xageRkamenHeT,Iy³
tarag 23 – kMBs;ExSbNþajGakastg;süúgmFüm nigTab

¬xñat³ Em:Rt¦
tMbn;TRI kug
tMbn;déTeTot
ExSkab ExSepSgeTot
kat;TTwgfñl; 6>5 8>0 8>0 6>5
epSgeTot 5>5 5>5 6>5 5>5
2> tMbn;TIRkúgEdlRtÚvrab;bBa©Úl
tMbn;dUcxageRkam RtÚvrab;bBa©ÚleTAkñgú tMbn;TRI kúg ³
k> tMbn;
- TIRkugPMñeBj nigTIRkugdéTeTot
- TIrYmextþ
x> pøÚv
-pøÚvCati
-pøÚvextþ
135
3> krNIelIkElgsRmab;karqøgkat;pøÚv
ExScmøgEdlsßitkñúgkrNIdUcxageRkam minRtÚv)ancat;Tku faqøgkat;pøÚveLIy ³
- pøÚvmanTMhtM cU EdlrfynþminGacqøgkat;)an
- pøÚvsßitkñúgbrievNdIÉkCn
4> karbn§Úrbnßykm<s;rbs;ExSbNþajtg;süúgTab
km<s;Gb,brmarbs;ExSbNþajtg;süúgTab Gacbn§Úrbnßy)anrhUtdl;km<s; 4 Em:Rt
sRmab;TkI EnøgEdlKµanpøvÚ . edayELk km<s;Gb,brmarbs;ExSbNþajtg;süúgTabGac
bn§rÚ bnßy)anrhUtdl;km<s; 3 Em:Rt enAkñgú l½kçx½NÐdUcxageRkam ³
-Gñkkan;GaCJab½NÑEdlCam©as;ExSbNþajEckcay KWCaGñkkan;GaCJab½NÑtcU EdlsßitkñúgtMbn;mYy
eRkABItbM n;TRI kug
-GIs
u LU g;rbs;ExScmøg RtUvEtsßti enAkñgú sßanPaBl¥
-Kµanrfynþ b¤reTHeKaqøgkat;BIeRkamExSbNþaj
maRta 47 ³ KmøatrvagExSbNþajGakastg;süúgmFüm nigtg;süúgTab

nigvtßúdéTeTot
1> KmøatrvagExSbNþajGakas nigGKar¼edImeQI
KmøatGb,brmarvagExSbNþajmYyCamYyvtßúepSgeTotRtÚvmantémødUckarkMNt;kúgñ tarag 24 k.
136
tarag 24 k - KmøatrvagExSbNþajGakas nigvtßúdéTeTot
¬xñat³ Em:Rt¦
EdlmnusS ExSRsat - 3>0
manlT§PaB
eLIg)an ExSeRsam 2>0 2>5
enA ExSkab 1>0 1>2
xag
elI ExSRsat - 3>0
CamYy
epSgeTot ExSeRsam 1>2 1>5
GKar
ExSkab 0>4 0>5
ExSRsat - 3>0
enAcMehog nig
ExSeRsam 1>2 1>5
enAxageRkam
ExSkab 0>4 0>5
ExSRsat - 2>0
CamYyedImeQI ExSeRsam minRtÚv[mankarb:HpÞal;eT
ExSkab minRtÚv[mankarb:HpÞal;eT
ExSeRsamRbePT ABC (Aerial Bundle Conductor) tg;süúgTab GactemøgI pÞal;

Cab;nwgCBa¢aMgGKar)an edayeRbIRkcab; nigviFcI ab;Pa¢ b;Biessrbs;ExSeRsamRbePTenH b:Eu nþTItaMg
CBa¢aMgEdlGaccab;P¢ab;)an KWRtÚvCaTItaMgmYyEdlmnusSBi)akeLIgdl; .
2> KmøatrvagExSbNþajEckcayGakasnigpøÚvfñl;
enAeBlbegÁalRTRtÚv)antemøgI TabCagpøÚv KmøatGb,brmarvagExSbNþaj nigpøÚvRtÚvmantémø

dUcmankñúgtarag 24 x nig 24 K ³
137
taragTI 24 x - KmøatrvagExSbNþajnigpøÚvenAelIRcaMgx<s; ¬xñat³ Em:Rt¦
RbePTExS tg;süúgTab tg;süúgmFüm
ExSRsat - 3>0
cm¶aypÞal;
ExSeRsam 3>0 3>0
ExSkab 3>0 3>0
ExSRsat - 3>0
cm¶aytam
ExSeRsam 1>0 1>5
épÞlat
ExSkab 1>0 1>2
* RbsinebIcm¶aytamépÞlatdUcKñanwgcm¶aypÞal; cm¶aytamépÞlatRtÚvyktémødUccm¶aypÞal;.
cm¶aytam
épÞlat
km<s;
cm¶aypÞal;
pøÚvenAelIRcaMgx<s;
cm¶aypÞal;
pøÚv
cm¶aytamépÞlat km<s;
* RbsinebIcm¶aytamépÞlatdUcKñanwgcm¶aypÞal; cm¶aytamépÞlatRtÚvyktémødUccm¶aypÞal;
rUbPaB 12 - Bnül;GMBI;cm¶aypÞal; nigcm¶aytamépÞlat¬pøÚvenAelIRcaMgx<s;¦
138
taragTI 24 K - KmøatGb,brmarvagExSbNþajnigs<anqøgkat;pøÚv
¬xñat³ Em:Rt¦
RbePTExS tg;süúgTab tg;süúgmFüm
ExSRsat minGnuBaØat[eRbI cm¶aypÞal; 3/0
ExSbNþajenA ExSeRsam cm¶aypÞal; 3/0 b¤ cm¶aypÞal; 3/0 b¤
cm¶aytamépÞlat 1/0 cm¶aytamépÞlat 1/5
EpñkxagelI cm¶aypÞal; 3/0 cm¶aypÞal; 3/0
ExSkab b¤cm¶aytamépÞlat 1/0 b¤cm¶aytamépÞlat 1/2
ExSRsat minGnuBaØat[eRbI cm¶aypÞal; 3/0
ExSbNþajenA
ExSeRsam cm¶aypÞal; 0/6 cm¶aypÞal; 1/5
EpñkxageRkam
ExSkab cm¶aypÞal; 0/3 cm¶aypÞal; 0/5
krNIExSbNþajenAEpñkxagelI
cm¶aytamépÞlat Adjacency
cm¶aypÞal;
s<anqøgkat;pøÚv
139
krNIExSbNþajenAEpñkxageRkam
cm¶aypÞal;
s<anqøgkat;
cm¶aytamépÞlat
rUbPaBTI 13 - Bnül;GMBI;cm¶aypÞal; nigcm¶aytamépÞlat¬sRmab;s<anqøgkat;¦
maRta 48 ³ lkç½x½NÐenACitKña nigkat;ExVgKñaénExSbNþajGakastg;süúgmFüm

nigtg;süúgTab
1> ExSbNþajtg;süúgmFümeRcIn
enAeBlExSbNþajtg;süúgmFümmYy RtÚv)antemøIgCitKñab¤ExVgKñaCamYyExSbNþajtg;süúgmFüm
mYyepSgeTotKmøatrvagExSbNþajtg;süúgmFümTaMgBIrenaH RtÚvmanRbEvgy:agticbMput2>0Em:Rt .
RbsinebI ExSmYyCaExSkab ehIyExSmYyeTotk¾CaExSkabEdr b¤CaExSeRsam eBlenaHKmøatRtÚvman
RbEvgy:agtic 0>5 Em:Rt . l½kçx½NÐxagelIRtUvGnuvtþpgEdr enAeBlEdlExSbNþaj
tg;süúgmFümBIr b¤eRcInRtUv)antemøgI enAelIbegÁalRTEtmYy .
2> ExSbNþajtg;süúgmFümnigExSbNþajtg;süúgTab
enAeBlExSbNþajtg;süúgmFüm nigExSbNþajtg;süúgTabRtÚvdak;temøIgCitKña b¤ExVgKña
eBlenaHExSbNþajTaMgenaHRtÚvEttemøIgtamrebobdUcxageRkam ³
- ExSbNþajtg;süúgmFüm minRtÚvtemøIgenAeRkamExSbNþajtg;süúgTabeT,Iy . RbsinebI
ExSbNþajtg;süúgmFümGacrkSaRbEvgKmøattamExSedkminticCag 3>0 Em:Rt CamYYyExS
140
bNþajtg;süúgTabehIyExSbNþajtg;süúgTabminGacgakeTAb:HnwgExSbNþajtg;süúgmFüm
enAeBlEdlbegÁalExSbNþajtg;süúgTabrlMeBlenaHl½kçx½NÐxagelImin)ac;GnuvtþeLIy .
- KmøatrvagExSbNþajtg;süúgmFüm nigExSbNþajtg;süúgTabminRtÚvticCag 0>5Em:Rt eLIy
enAeBlEdlExSbNþajtg;süúgmFümCaExSkab minRtÚvticCag 1>0 Em:Rt eLIy
enAeBlvaCaExSeRsam nigminRtÚvticCag2>0Em:Rt eLIy enAeBlvaCaExSRsat .
- ExSbNþajtg;süúgmFümminRtÚvkat;ExVgBIeRkamExSbNþajtg;süúgTabeLIy . RbsinebI
ExSbNþajtg;süúgmFümCaExSkab ehIyKmøatrvagExSbNþajtg;süúgmFüm nigExSbNþaj
tg;süúgTab manRbEvgminticCag 0>5 Em:Rt enaHl½kçx½NÐxagelIenHmin)ac;GnuvtþeT,Iy .
3> ExSbNþajtg;süúgTabeRcIn
enAeBlEdlExSbNþajtg;süúgTabRtÚvtemøIgCitKña b¤ExVgKña
eTAnwgbNþajExStg;süúgTabepSgeTot eBlenaH KmøatrvagExSbNþajtg;süúgTabTaMgBIr
RtÚvmanRbEvgy:agticbMput 0>6 Em:Rt . enAeBl ExS mYyCaExSkab nigExSmYyeTotCaExSkabEdr
b¤CaExSeRsam eBlenaH KmøatRtÚvmanRbEvgy:agticbMput 0>3 Em:Rt . l½kçx½NÐxagelIRtUvGnuvtþ
pgEdrenAeBlEdlExSbNþajtg;süúgTabBIrb¤eRcIn RtUv)antemøgI enA elIbegÁalRTEtmYy .
4> ExSbNþajtg;süúgmFümnigExSbNþajKmnaKmn_
enAeBlEdlExSbNþajtg;süúgmFüm RtÚvtemøIgCitKña b¤ExVgKñaCamYyExSbNþajKmnaKmn_

eBlenaHExSbNþajtg;süúgmFüm RtÚvtemøIgtamviFIdUcxageRkam³
- ExSbNþajtg;süúgmFüm minRtÚvtemøIgeRkamExSbNþajKmnaKmn_eLIy . RbsinebIExSbNþaj
tg;süúgmFüm rkSaKmøattamExSedkminTabCag0>3Em:Rt CamYyExSbNþajKmnaKmn_
ehIyExSbNþajKmnaKmn_k¾minGacb:HeTAnwgExSbNþajtg;süúgmFüm enAeBlbegÁalénExS
bNþajKmnaKmn_rlM eBlenaHlkç½xN ½ ÐxagelIGacminGnuvtþ)an .
- KmøatrvagExSbNþajtg;süúgmFüm nigExSbNþajKmnaKmn_RtÚvy:agticbMput 0>5 Em:Rt
enAeBlEdlExSbNþajtg;süúgmFümCaExSkab RtÚvy:agticbMput 1>0 Em:Rt enAeBlEdlExS
CaExSeRsam nigRtÚvy:agticbMput2>0Em:Rt enAeBlEdlExSCaExSRsat .
141
- ExSbNþajtg;süúgmFüm minRtÚvkat;ExVgeRkamExSbNþajKmnaKmn_eLIy . RbsinebIExS
bNþajtg;süúgmFümCaExSkabehIyKmøatrvagExSbNþajtg;süúgmFüm nigExSbNþajKmnaKmn_
y:agticbMput 0>5 Em:Rt eBlenaHl½kçx½NÐxagelIGacminGnuvtþ)an .
5> ExSbNþajtg;süúgTabnigExSbNþajKmnaKmn_
enAeBlExSbNþajtg;süúgTabRtÚvtemøIgCitKña b¤kat;ExVgKña CamYyExSbNþajKmnaKmn_enaH

ExSbNþajtg;süúgTabRtÚvtemøIg tamviFIdcU xageRkam ³
- ExSbNþajtg;süúgTabminRtÚvkat;ExVgeRkamExSbNþajKmnaKmn_eT,Iy . RbsinebIvFi IdéTeTot

minmanlkçN³bec©keTsCak;EsþgedIm,IGnuvtþ)anenaH l½kçx½NÐenHGacminGnuvtþ)an .
- KmøatrvagExSbNþajtg;süúgTab nigExSbNþajKmnaKmn_minRtÚvticCag 0>3 Em:RteLIy

enAeBlEdlExSbNþajtg;süúgTabCaExSkab nigminticCag0>6Em:RteLIy enAeBlEdlExS
CaExSeRsam .
142
l½kçx½NÐlMGit
sRmab;meFüa)ayplitkmµ]NðGKÁisnI
143
‫‏‬l½kçx½NÐlMGitsRmab;meFüa)ayplitkmµ]NðGKÁisnI
matika
CMBUk 1
esckþIepþIm
maRta 1 ³ niymn½y
maRta 2 ³ eKalbMNg
maRta 3 ³ visalPaB
maRta 5 ³ meFüa)ayEdlbBaØtþienAkñúgl½kçx½NÐlMGitenH
CMBUk 2
l½kçx½NÐsRmab;meFüa)ay]NðGKÁisnIRKb;RbePT
maRta 6 ³ karbgáarcMeBaHPynþraybNþalmkBImeFüa)ayGKÁisnI
maRta 8 ³ l½kçx½NÐTak;Tgnwg\n§n³
maRta 9 ³ l½kçx½NÐTak;TgnwgkareRbIvtßúFatuKImI
maRta 10 ³ l½kçx½NÐTak;TgnwgeRKaHFmµCati
maRta 11 ³ l½kçx½NÐTak;TgnwgkardMeNIrkareragcRkGKÁisnICamYyRbB½n§GKÁisnI
maRta 12 ³ l½kçx½NÐTak;Tgnwgbrisßan
maRta 13 ³ Gayukalrbs;meFüa)ayGKÁisnI
maRta 14 ³ l½kçx½NÐTak;TgnwgkarerobcMmeFüa)ayGKÁisnI
maRta 15 ³ l½kçx½NÐTak;TgnwgÉksarbec©keTsrbs;meFüa)ayGKÁisnI
maRta 16 ³ l½kçx½NÐTak;TgnwgkarP¢ab;ExSdI
144
CMBUk 3
l½kçx½NÐsRmab;meFüa)ayplitGKÁisnITYrb‘ÍncMhay
maRta 17 ³ meFüa)ayplitGKÁisnITYrb‘ÍncMhay
EpñkTI1
LcMhay
maRta 18 ³ l½kçx½NÐcMeBaHvtßúFatuénLcMhay nigeRKOgbnÞab;bnSMrbs;va
maRta 19 ³ l½kçx½NÐcMeBaHrcnasm<½n§rbs;LcMhay nigeRKOgbnÞab;bnSMrbs;va
maRta 20 ³ snÞHbiTebIksuvtßiPaBsRmab;qñaMgnigbMBg;rbs;LcMhay
maRta 21 ³ RbB½n§pÁt;pÁg;Twkrbs;LcMhay
maRta 22 ³ karpÁt;pÁg;Twk[LcMhay nigkarbeBa©jcMhayBILcMhay
maRta 23 ³ karRtÜtemIll½kçx½NÐdMeNIrkarrbs;LcMhay
nigRbB½n§karBarsuvtßiPaB nigpþl;sBaØa
EpñkTI2
TYrb‘ÍncMhay
maRta 24 ³ l½kçx½NÐcMeBaHvtßúFatuénTYrb‘ÍncMhay nigeRKOgbnÞab;bnSMrbs;va

maRta 25 ³ kMlaMgemkanicénrcnasm<½n§rbs;TYrb‘ÍncMhay nigeRKOgbnÞab;bnSMrbs;va
maRta 26 ³ )a:dagrbs;TYrb‘ÍncMhay
maRta 27 ³ karRKb;RKgel,Ónrbs;TYrb‘ÍncMhay
maRta 28 ³ l½kçx½NÐpþl;sBaØa nigbBaÄb;TYrb‘ÍnenARKaGasnñ
maRta 29 ³ karRtÜtemIll½kçx½NÐdMeNIrkarrbs;TYrb‘Ín
145
maRta 30 ³ karRtÜtBinitüsuvtßiPaBrbs;TYrb‘ÍncMhay nigeRKOgbnÞab;bnSMrbs;va
CMBUk 4
l½kçx½NÐsRmab;meFüa)ayplitGKÁisnITYrb‘Ín]sµ½n
maRta 31 ³ meFüa)ayplitGKÁisnITYrb‘Ín]sµ½n
maRta 32 ³ l½kçx½NÐcMeBaHvtßúFatuénTYrb‘Ín]sµ½n nigeRKOgbnÞab;bnSMrbs;va
maRta 33 ³ kMlaMgemkaniénrcnasm<½n§rbs;TYrb‘Ín]sµ½n nigeRKOgbnÞab;bnSMrbs;va
maRta 34 ³ )a:dagrbs;TYrb‘Ín]sµ½n
maRta 35 ³ karRKb;RKgel,Ón
maRta 36 ³ Rbdab;pþl;sBaØa nigbBaÄb;TYrb‘ÍnRKaGasnñ
maRta 37 ³ RbB½n§RtÜtemIl nigRbB½n§pþl;sBaØa
maRta 38 ³ karRtÜtBinitüsuvtßiPaBrbs;TYrb‘Ín]sµ½n
maRta 39 ³ l½kçx½NÐsRmab;TYrb‘Ín]sµ½neRbIkMedAsl;mþgeTot
CMBUk 5
l½kçx½NÐsRmab;m:asuIncMehHkñúg
maRta 40 ³ ma:suIncMehHkñúg
maRta 41 ³ l½kçx½NÐcMeBaHvtßúFatuénm:asuIncMehHkñúg
maRta 42 ³ kMlaMgemkanicénrcnasm<½n§rbs;m:asuIncMehHkñúg
maRta 43 ³ )a:dagrbs;m:asuIncMehHkñúg
maRta 44 ³ karRKb;RKgel,Ónrbs;m:asuIncMehHkñúg
maRta 45 ³ Rbdab;bBaÄb;m:asuIn nigpþl;sBaØaRKaGasnñ
maRta 46 ³ Rbdab;karBarsm<aFelIs
146
maRta 47 ³ RbB½n§RtÜtBemIlnigpþl;sBaØa
CMBUk 6
l½kçx½NÐsRmab;ehSeNra:T½r
maRta 48 ³ karkarBarehSeNra:T½r
maRta 49 ³ brikçaGKÁisnI
maRta 50 ³ ExSkabkñúgeragcRkplitGKÁisnIeday]Nð
maRta 51 ³ kartemøIgehSeNra:T½rEdlmanRbB½n§eFVI[RtCak;eRbIGuIRdÚEhSn
maRta 52 ³ RbB½n§bBa¢a
CMBUk 7
Gnþrb,BaØtþi
maRta 53 ³ GnþrbBaØtþisRmab;Gñkkan;GaCJab½NÑFuntUc nigFunmFüm
maRta 54 ³ karbgáaeRKaHmhnþrayGKÁisnI
maRta 56 ³ viFankarN_edIm,IsuvtßiPaBsRmab;\n§n³ nigsMPar³KImI
maRta 58 ³ l½kçx½NÐsRmab;kardMeNIrkar
maRta 59 ³ karbNþúHbNþalEpñkbec©keTs nigsuvtþiPaB
ÉksarP¢ab; ³ karBnül;lMGitlMGitsRmab;meFüa)ayplikmµ]NðGKÁisnI
147
CMBUk 1
esckþIepþIm
148
maRta 1 ³ niymn½y
enAkñgú l½kçx½NÐlMGti énsþg;dabec©keTsGKÁs
i nI RbsinebIBmMu ankarbBa¢ak;xøwmsarepSgeT Bakü
TaMgLayCabnþbnÞab;enH RtÚvmanniymn½ydUckarBnül;xageRkam ³
1> G>G>k
:G>G>k : KWCaGkSrkat;énGaCJaFrGKÁisnIkm<úCa .
2> ExSbNþajGKÁsi nI
:ExSbNþajGKÁisnI : KWCaEpñkmYyénmeFüa)ayGKÁs
i nIsrM ab;bBa¢Ún b¤pÁt;pÁg;GKÁisnI EdltPa¢b;
sßanIy Gnusaß nIy sßanIyEbgEck nigkEnøgeRbIR)as;GKÁisnI EdlrYmmanExSbNþaj
Rbdab;karBar nigRbdab;pþac;P¢ab; .
3> meFüa)ayGKÁsi nI
:meFüa)ayGKÁs
i nI :mann½yfameFüa)ayplitkmµGKÁisnI Gnusaß nIy sßanIyEbgEck
ExSbNþajGKÁs i nI mCÄmNÐlEbgEck edayKitTaMgbrikça GKar TMnb; pøÚvTwk
kEnøgsþúk\n§n³ nigkEnøgcak;kaksMNl; .l.
4> brikçaGKÁisnI
:brikçaGKÁisnI : KWCameFüa)ayGKÁs
i nIEdlmanpÞkú crnþGKÁisnI .
5> {lTsbG :
:lTsbG : KWCaGkSrkat;énl½kçx½NÐTUeTAénsþg;dabec©keTsGKiÁsnIsMrab;RBHraCaNacRkkm<úCa.
6> IEC
IEC KWCaGkSrkat;énBakü International Electrotechnical Commission mann½yfa
KN³kmµkarbec©keTsGKÁisnIGnþrCati .
7> ISO
ISO CaGkSrkat;énBakü International Organization for Standardization mann½yfa

GgÁkarGnþrCatisMrab;kargarsþg;da .
8> Gñkkan;GaCJab½NÑ
:Gkñ kan;GaCJab½NÑ : mann½yfa GñkpÁt;pÁg;esvaGKÁs
i nIEdl :G>G>k : )anpþl;GaCJab½NÑ .
149
9> {llsbG :
:llsbG : KWCaGkSrkat;énl½kçx½NÐlMGti énsþg;dabec©keTsGKiÁsnIsrM ab;RBHraCaNacRkkm<Cú a.
:sgþ ;dabec©keTs : mann½yfaCa sþg;dabec©keTsGKÁisnIkñgú RBHraCaNacRkkm<úCa .
maRta 2 ³ eKalbMNg
l½kçx½NÐlMGiténsþg;dabec©keTsGKiÁsnIsRmab;meFüa)ayplitkmµ]NðGKÁs i nIenH kMNt;

l½kçx½NÐsxM an;²TaMgLayEdlRtÚvkarcaM)ac;sRmab;bBaØtmþi eFüa)ayplitkmµ]NðGKÁs
i nI EdlkMBugman
b¤EdlmanEpnkarnwgsagsg;enAkñgú RBHraCaNacRkkm<úCa . l½kçx½NÐTaMgLayEdlkMNt;enAkñgú
Éksarsþg;daenH maneKalbMNgsMxan;bpM utKWeFVIy:agNakuM[eRKaHfñak;dl;meFüa)ayGKÁisnI nigman
suvtßiPaBkñgú dMeNIrkarmeFüa)ayGKÁs
i nIenaH .
maRta 3 ³ visalPaB
meFüa)ay]NðGKÁs
i nITaMgGs;enAkñúgu RBHraCaNacRkm<Cú a
RtÚvEtmanlkçN³Rsbtaml½kçx½NÐTaMg Lay EdlkMNt;enAkñúgsþg;dabec©keTsenH .
buKÁlTaMgGs; TaMgGñkkan;GaCJab½NÑeFVeI svakmµGKÁisnI TaMgTIRbwkSabec©keTs
TaMgGñkem:Akarsag sg; nigTaMgGñkeRbIR)as;GKÁs i nI EdlBak;B½n§nwgkarsikSa karerobcM
karsagsg;nigkardMeNIrkarmeFüa)ay plitkmµ]NðGKÁs i nIenAkñúgRBHraCaNacRkkm<úCa
RtÚvEteKarBtaml½kçx½NÐTaMgLayEdlmanEcgenAkñgú l½kç
x½NÐlMGti énsþg;dabec©keTsGKiÁsnIsRmab;meFüa)ayplitkmµ]NðGKÁs i nIenH .
meFüa)ayplitkmµ]NðGKÁs i nI EdlmanEpnkarnwgsagsg;RBmTaMgdak;[dMeNIrkarenAkñgú
RBHraCaNacRkkm<Cú a RtÚveKarBtamsþg;dabec©keTsGKÁisnIénRBHraCaNacRkkm<úCa . kñúgkrNI
EdlbBaðaNamYy minmanEcgkñgú sþg;dabec©keTsenHeT RtÚveKarBtamsþg;da IEC . RbsinebI
bBaðaenHminmankMNt;enAkñgú sþg;da IEC eT eBlenaHRtÚveKarBtamsþg;da ISO . RbsinebIbBaðaenH
150
enAEtminmankMNt;enAkñgú sþg;da ISO eTenaH eBlenaHRtÚveKarBtamsþg;daNamYyEdlmankarTTYl
sÁal;CaGnþrCati kñgú l½kçx½NÐEdlmankaryl;RBmBIRksYg]sSahkmµ Er: nigfamBl .
eragcRkplitGKÁs
i nIeday]NðmanEpñksMxan;cMnYn 3 KW TYrb‘nÍ ¼ma:sInu ehSeNr:aT½r nig
Gnusaß nIy . l½kçx½NÐlGM itenH kMNt;nUvl½kçx½NÐTaMgLaysRmab;bBaØtmþi eFüa)ayplitGKÁs
i nI dUcCa
TYrb‘nÍ ¼ma:sInu nigeRKÒgbnÞab;bnSMrbs;va nigehSeNr:aT½rrYmTaMgRbB½n§bBa¢arbs;va elIkElgEt
Gnusaß nIy .
l½kçx½NÐsRmab;GnusßanIy RtÚvGnuelamtamkarkMNt;kgñú l½kçx½NÐlMGti énsþg;dabec©keTs

GKÁs
i nI sRmab;meFüa)aybBa¢Ún nigEckcayGKÁsi nI .
meFüa)ayplitkmµ]NðGKÁs i nI EdlbBaØtieþ nAkñúgl½kçx½NÐlMGti énsþg;dabec©keTsGKis

Á nI
sRmab;meFüa)ayplitkmµ]NðGKÁisnIenH mandUcxageRkam ³
1> meFüa)aypliGKis Á nIedayTYrb‘ÍncMhay
2> meFüa)aypliGKis Á nIedayTYrb‘Ín]sµn½
3> m:asuIncMehHkñúg
4> ehSeNra:T½r
151
CMBUk 2
l½kçx½NÐsRmab;meFüa)ay
]NðGKÁisnIRKb;RbePT
152
meFüa)ayGKÁs i nI RtÚvEttemøIgtamrebobmYyEdlminbNþal[mankarqk;GKÁs i nI GKÁPi ½y

nigeRKaHfñak;déTeTot .
meFüa)ayGKÁs i nI RtÚvtemøIgedaymanviFankarN_karBarRtwmRtÚv min[GñkdMeNIrkarb:HBal;
dl;Epñkmanclna EpñkEdlekþA nigEpñkEdlmaneRKaHfñak;déTeTotrbs;va ehIynigbgáamin[Gñk
dMeNIrkarGacFøak;BIelImeFüa)ayTaMgenaHedayécdnü .
RtÚvcat;viFankarN_smRsbedIm,IbgáarCnTI3min[cUleTAkñúgbrievNeragcRkGKÁisnI . viFankarN_
TaMgenHman ³
k> RtÚvmanrbg b¤CBa¢aMgxageRkAEdlx½NÐbrievNxageRkA BIbrievNxagkñúg . kMBs;rbg
b¤CB¢aMg minRtÚvTabCag 1/800 mm eLIy. KmøatBIrbgb¤CBa¢aMgeTAbrikçaGKÁisnI minRtÚv
tUcCagRbEvgEdl)ankMNt;kñúgtaragxageRkameLIy³
taragTI1 KmøatRBMRbTl;énrbg b¤CBa¢aMgeTAbrikçaGKÁisnI
kMrittg;süúg kBs;rbg b¤CBa¢aMg KmøatBIRBMRbTl;eTAbrikçaGKÁs
i nI : mIløIEm:Rt :
KILvÚ l:u mIlEøI m:Rt krNICBa¢aMg krNIrbg
¬22¦ minticCag 1/800 minticCag 2/100 minticCag 2/600
115 minticCag 1/800 minticCag 2/100 minticCag 2/600
230 minticCag 1/800 minticCag 2/900 minticCag 3/400
x> RtÚvdak;pøaksBaØabgðajBIeRKaHfñak;dl;CnTI3 enARckecjcUl . edayELk enAtamrbg
b¤enAtamCBa¢aMg RbsinebIcaM)ac;k¾RtÚvdak;pøaksBaØabgðajeRKaHfñak;Edr .
K> RtÚverobcM[manesar b¤Rbdab;smRsbdéTeTot enARckecjcUl .
maRta 8 ³ l½kçx½NÐTak;Tgnwg\n§n³
1> l½kçx½NÐTak;TgnwgkareRbI\n§n³
k> kareRbI\n§n³RtÚveKarBeTAtamc,ab;Bak;Bn½§
x> RtÚveFVIkarEfTaM nigRtÜtBinitüsuvtßiPaBénmeFüa)ayTak;Tgnwg\n§n³ Caerogral;éf¶ .
K> RtÚvcat;taMgGñkTTYlxusRtÚvelImeFüa)ayTak;Tgnwg\n§n³
153
X> GñkTTYlxusRtÚvenH RtÚvTTYlkarGb;rM nigbNþHú bNþal GMBIkareRbIR)as;\n§n³Caerogral;qañ M
2> l½kçx½NÐTak;Tgnwgkarsþkú \n§n³

k> Fugsþkú \n§n³ nigTIFøasþúk\n§n³RtÚveKarBeTAtamc,ab;Bak;Bn½§
x> RtÚveRbIR)as;FugsþúkeRbgRtwmRtUv
K> TIFøasþkú RtÚvs¥at nigmansBaØasMKal;bgðajBImux FugsþúkeRbgRtwmRtUv
X> RtÚvvtemøIg]bkrN_Bnøt;GKÁPI ½yb¤RbB½n§karBarGKÁPI ½y EdlcaM)ac;enACMvu ji tMbn;súþk\n§n³
3> l½kçxN
½ ÐTak;TgnwgkardwkCBa¢Ún\n§n³
k> lkçN³bec©keTsénmeFüa)aydwkCBa¢Ún b¤rfynþdwkCBa¢Ún\n§n³RtÚveKarBeTAtamc,ab;Bak;Bn½§
x> tMbn;eFVkI argarepÞr\n§n³ RtÚvs¥at nigRtUvmantemøgI RbB½n§bMPRøW twmRtÚvenACMuvijtMbn;eFVIkar
K> RtÚvverobcMnItiviFIeFVkI argarsMrab;kardwkCBa©Ún\n§n³ nigGñkBak;B½n§RtUveKarBtamnItvi Fi IenH
kareRbIvtßúFatuKmI IenAeragcRkGKÁs
i nIRtÚveKarBeTAtamkarkMNt;rbs;c,ab; nigbTb,BaØtþibrisaß n
rbs;RBHraCaNacRkkm<úCa .
RtÚvBinitüelIlkçN³énvtßúFatuKImIEdlRtÚveRbI[)anc,as; RtÚvGnuvtþn_vFi ankarN_smRsbTb;Tl;

nwgvtßúFatuKImITaMgenaH nigRtÚvtemøIgRbdab;karBarTb;Tl;nwgeRKaHfñak;FM²EdlGacekIteLIg .
RtÚvmanviFankarsmRsb edIm,IbI gáarmeFüa)ayGKÁs

i nImin[xUcedayeRKaHFmµCatiEdl)an
BüakrN_Tku Camun dUcCaTwkCMnn; rnÞH rB¢aÜ ydI nigxül;bk;xøaMg .
enAeBlmeFüa)ayplitGKÁisnINamYyxUcF¶n;F¶r meFüa)ayenaHRtÚvEtpþac;ecjBIRbB½n§GKÁs i nI
y:agNaedIm,I[\T§Bi lénkarxUcrbs;vaeTAelIRbB½n§GacfycuHkMrittictYcbMput ehIyRbB½n§enaHGacman
lT§PaBenAbnþdMeNIrkarCaFmµta .
154
enAeBlmankMhUcRbB½n§GKÁisnIekIteLIgenAkñúgRbB½n§mYy EdlP¢ab;CamYymeFüa)ayplitkmµGKÁisnI
mYy meFüa)ayplitkmµGKÁisnIenaHRtÚvEtpþac;ecjBIRbB½n§Pøam edIm,I[ehSenr:aT½rrbs;vadMeNIrkar
bnþeTotedayKµanbnÞkú rg;caMkarCYsCulEktRmÚvRbB½n§[FmµtaeLIgvij . skmµPaBbnÞab;eTot
RtÚveKarBtamnItiviFIénkUdbNþajbBa¢Ún nig¼b¤kUdbNþajEckcayrbs;RbB½n§ .
1> l½kçx½NÐeKarBsþg;dabrisßan
edIm,IbgáarkuM[mankarbMBulbrisßan meFüa)ayGKÁs i nIRtÚvEtsagsg;eLIg RsbeTAtamc,ab;
nigbTb,BaØtþbi risaß nnana enAkñgú RBHraCaNacRkkm<Cú a .
2> karhamXat;min[temøgI eRKOgemkanic b¤brikçaGKÁisnIEdlmaneRbIsaFatu PCB

k> kartemøgI brikçaGKÁs
i nIfIµ EdleRbIeRbgrMGli CaGuIsULg; ehIykñúgenaHmansarFatu PCB
eRcInCag 0/005 PaK ry ¬50 ppm¦ eLIgeTA RtÚv)anhamXat; .
x> brikçaGKÁs i nIEdlkMBugmanbc©úb,nñ eTaHCakñúgbrikçaenaHmansarFatu PCBk¾eday RbsinebIbrikça
GKÁs
i nIenaHRtÚv)antemøgI muneBll½kçx½NÐlm¥ti énsþg;dabec©keTsGKÁsi nIcUlCaFrman GacGnuBaØat
[eRbIR)as;bnþeTot)an b:Eu nþRtÚvcat;viFankarN_manRbsiTP§ aB edIm,IkarBarku[M sarFatu PCBs
lic FøayecjBIFugeRbg .
K> enAeBlEdlvtßúFatumansarFatu PCBs eRcInCag 0/005 PaKry ¬50ppm¦RtÚv)anykecj
BIbrikçaGKÁs
i nINamYy vtßúFatuenHminRtÚvykeTAeRbIenAkñúgbrikçaGKÁs i nImYyeToteLIyKWRtÚvrMlay
ecal[)anRtwmRtÚvdUcCasMNl;Bul]sSahkmµ .
meFüa)ayGKÁs
i nIRI tÚvEtzitefrsMrab;kareRbIR)as;RbkbedayRbsiTP§ aB nigsßri PaBkñgú ry³eBlEvg.
kñúgkarerobcMmeFüa)ayGKÁs
i nI kñúgkareRCIserIssMPar³ kñgú karpÁúM nigtemøgI brikçarEdlBak;B½n§
RtÚvføwgEføgemKuNsuvtißPaB[)ansmRsbedIm,ITb;Tl;nwgsPaBtantwg EdlGacRbemIlTukCamun dUcCa
sPaBtantwgedaykMedA sPaBtantwgedayemkanic nigkMritGIs u LU g; .
155
1> karsRmbsRmÜlkMritGuIsULg;
RtÚveFVIkarsRmbsRmÜlkMritGus I LU g;rbs;brikçaGKÁs i nIéneragcRkGKÁisnI CamYybrikçaGKÁs
i nIenAkñgú
Gnusaß nIy RbB½nb§ NþajbBa¢Ún RbB½nb§ NþajEckcayy:agNa edIm,I[vaGaczitenAkñúg
l½kçx½NmÐ YyEdlsmehtuplCageK edayKitKUrelIRKb;bBaðadUcCabec©keTs esdækic©
nigkardMeNIrkar.
2> kMlaMgDIeGLicRTicenAkñúgesoKVGI KÁisnI
RtÚvBinitükMlaMgDIeGLicRTicrbs;esoKVIGKÁisnIenAkñgú eragcRkGKÁisnI[)anc,as;las; edaykareFVI
etsþkMlaMgDIeGLicRTic karvas;er:ss Iu gþ ;Gs
Iu ULg; .l. edIm,IFanafalT§PaBdMeNIrkarrbs;va
RtÚvKñaCamYytg;süúgNUmINal;rbs;va .
bEnßmBIelIenH muneBlcab;epþmI dMeNIrkar RtÚveFVIkabBa¢ak;kMlaMgDIeGLicRTic[)anc,as;
edaykarbBa©Últg;süúgNUmINal;[esoKVeI naHCab;bnþKñacMnYn 10 naTI .
eTaHCay:agenHk¾eday RbsinebItg;süúgNUmINal;rbs;esoKVGI KÁs i nIKWCatg;süúgTab eKGaceFVI
etsþedayRtwmEtvas;er:sus I þg;GIs
u ULg; b¤crnþRCabecj . kñúgkrNIvas;crnþRCabecj
GacrkSaRtwmkMritTabCag 1mIlIGaMEBr KWCakarRKb;RKan; .
3> kMlaMgemkanikrbs;brikçarGKÁs i nITl;nwgcrnþqgø b:H
brikçaGKÁs i nITaMgGs; EdlRtÚvtemøIgenAkñgú eragcRkGKÁisnI RtÚvmanlT§PaBFn;nwgkMlaMgTgÁci
emkanik EdlbgáeLIgedaycrnþqgø b:H.
4> kMlaMgFnnwgkMedAénbrikçaGKÁs i nI
brikçaGKÁsi nIEdlRtÚvtemøIgenAkñgú eragcRkGKÁs i nI; RtÚvmanlT§PaBFn;nwgkMedAEdlbegáIteLIgeday
brikçarGKÁs i nIenaH kñúgkardMeNIrkarFmµta .
5> karbgáakarxUcxatFugmansm<aF
brikçaEdleRbI]s½nµ CaGus I LU g; EdlRtÚvtemøIgenAkñgú eragcRkGKÁs i nI RtÚverobcMdUcxageRkam
edIm,IecosvagnUvmhnþrayNamYyEdlQandl;karxUcxat ³
¬k¦ sMPar³ nigrcnasm<n½ énEpñkTaMgLayEdlrgnUvsm<aF RtÚvmanlT§PaBFn;nwgsm<aF
dMeNIrkarGtibrma nigRtÚvFanasuvtþiPaBpgEdr
¬x¦ EpñkTaMgLayEdlrgnUvsm<aFRtÚvFn;nwgeRcHsuI
¬K¦ ]s½nµ EdleRbICaGus I LU g;minRtÚvCa]sµn½ gayeqH eRcHsuI nigCa]sµn½ Rbkbeday
eRKaHfñak;enaHeT
156
¬X¦ FugpÞkú ]sµ½nRtÚvFn;nwgsm<aF]sµn½ EdlekIneLIg enAEpñkxagkñgú brikçaGIusULg;]sµn½
kñúgry³eBlmankMhUcyUr.
edIm,IFanakardMeNIrkarsMrab;ry³eBlEvg meFüa)ayGKÁs i nInimYy²RtÚvEtmanKMnUsbøg;caM)ac;
nana kMNt;RtaénkartemøgI k,Ünbec©keTs esovePAENnaM kMNt;RtakardMeNIrkar EdlcaM)ac;
sMrab;kargarEfTaMbrikçaGKÁs
i nI[)anRtwmRtÚv . ÉksarTaMgenH RtÚvrkSaTuk[)anRtwmRtÚv .
brikçaGKÁs
i nInImYy²énmeFüa)ay]NðGKÁs i nI RtÚvEtmanP¢ab;ExSdIb¤manviFankarN_smRsb
déTeTot edIm,Ibgáarkarqk;GKÁs i nI eRKaHfñak;cMeBaHxøÜnR)aNmnusS GKÁPi ½y nig]bs½KdÁ éTeTot
cMeBaHvtßnú ana .
karP¢ab;ExSdIsrM ab;brikçaGKÁisnIRtÚvtemøIgya:gNa[crnþrt;cUleTAkñgú dI)anedayRsYl nigBMbu gánUv
eRKaHfñak; . karP¢ab;ExSdIxagelIenHRtÚvGnuvtþtamcMNat;fñak; viFIP¢ab; nigtémøer:sIs u þ g;
sRmab;RbePTénbrikçaGKÁs i nInimYy² EdlmankMNt;lMGti enAkñúgl½kçx½NÐlGM iténsþg;dabec©keTssRmab;
meFüa)aybBa¢Ún nigEckcayGKÁs i nI .
157
CMBUk 3
plitGKÁisnITYrb‘ÍncMhay
158
maRta 17 ³ meFüa)ayplitGKÁisnITYrb‘ÍncMhay
meFüa)ayplitGKÁisnITrY b‘nÍ cMMhay KWCameFüa)aymYyEdlplitGKÁs

i nIecjBIrgVilènTYrb‘nÍ
cMhayEdlvil)anedaykmøaMgéncMhayTwkEdlmansm<aFx<s;)ac;ecjBILcMhay . meFüa)ay
plitGKÁs
i nITYrb‘ÍncMhay manEpñksMxan; 2 KW LcMhay nigTYrb‘ÍncMhay .
LcMhayKWCaqñaMg nigbMBg;biTCitmYyEdlenAkñgú enaHTwkRtÚv)ankMedAeRkamsm<aFkøayeTACa

cMhayEdlmansm<aFx<s; . bnÞab;mkcMhayecjBILcMhayRtÚv)aneRbIedIm,IbgVilTYrb‘Ín
nigkarkMedAdMbUgrbs;Tkw EdlpÁt;pÁg; .
TYrb‘nÍ cMhayKWCa]bkrN_emkanicmYyEdlGacdkykfamBlBIcMhayEdlmansm<aFx<s; Edl

pþl;BILcMhay nigERbkøayva[eTACakmøaMgclkremkanic edIm,IbgVilTYrb‘Ín . TYrb‘nÍ cMhayman
r:UTr½ mYyEdlRTeday)a:dag nigbiTCitedaytYm:asuInragCasuLI aMg. r:UTr½ viledaykmøaMgcMhayTwk
Edl)ac;ecjtamk,albMBg;CaeRcInkñgú el,ÓnmYyx<s;tRmg;eTAkan;saø bvilrbs;TrY b‘Ín edIm,IbgVli TYrb‘Ín .
EpñkTI 1
LcMhay
maRta 18 ³ l½kçx½NÐcMeBaHvtßúFatuénLcMhay nigeRKOgbnÞab;bnSMebs;va

qñaMg nigbMBg;rbs;LcMhay qñaMgbegáInkMedAxøaMg nigqñaMgpÞkú cMhay RBmTaMgeRKOgbnÞab;bnSM
rbs;vaEdlCaEpñkBak;B½n§nwgkarrgsm<aFxagkñgú x<s;Cag 0 emháa)a:saá l; (MPa) ¬cab;BIenHeTA
ehAfaEpñkrgsm<aF¦ RtÚveFVBI IvtßúFatuEdlmankmøaMgemkanicRKb;RKan; nigmanlMnwgKImIRKb;RKan;
enAeRkamsItuNðPaB nigsm<aFeFIVkarGtibrma . Baküfa :mankMlaMgemkanicmaMRKb;RKan; :
RtÚvmann½yfa manmuxtMNCab;maMl¥ GacFn;nwgTMnaj)anl¥ mingayeRbH sVit rwg nigman
lkçN³emkanicdéTeTotl¥ . ÉBaküfa : manlMnwgKImIRKb;RKan; : RtÚvmann½yfa manPaB
Fn;nwgeRcHsIul¥ manPaBFn;nwgkarkMedAl¥ niglkçN³KImIdéTeTot .
159
maRta 19 ³ l½kçx½NÐcMeBaHrcnasm<½n§rbs;LcMhay nigeRKOgbnÞab;bnSMrbs;va
1> kMritsuvtßiPaBTl;nwgPaBtantwg
rcnasm<½n§énEpñkrgsm<aFrbs;qañ Mg nigbMBg;rbs;LcMhay RtÚvmankMritsuvtßiPaBRKb;RKan;;
Tb;Tl;ngw PaBtantwgGtibrmaeRkaml½kçx½NÐsItuNðPaB b¤sm<aFeFVIkarGtibrma . kñúgkrNIenH
edIm,IkarBarkuM[maneRKaHfñak; PaBtantwgkñgú LcMhayRtÚvrkSaRtwmkMritmYymin[elIsPaBtantwg
GnuBaØatrbs;vtßúFatueLIy . PaBtantwgGnuBaØatrbs;vtßúFatunImYy² Tl;nwgtMNwgénsm<aF RtÚvkMNt;
eTAtaml½kçx½NÐsItuNðPaBénvtßúFatuenaH .
edIm,IFanakMritsuvtßiPaBRKb;RKan;Tb;Tl;ngw PaBtantwgGtibrmarcnasm<n½ §énEpñkrgsm<aFTaMgLay
énLcMhaynigeRKÓgbnÞab;bnSMrbs;va RtÚvEtmansmtßPaBFn;nwgkareFVIetsþedaysm<aFTwkedayeRbIR)as;
sm<aFTwkesµInwg 1>5 dg énsm<aFGtibrmaEdlGnuBaØatkñgú dMeNIrkarrbs;EpñknImYy² edayKµankar
elcRCab .
karkMNt;sm<aFrbs;eGkUNmU :aysWr KWminRtÚv[TabCagsm<aFeFVkI arGtibrimaéneGkUNUm:aysWr
EdlkMNt;edayEp¥kelIsm<aFeFVkI arGtibrimaénm:asInu bUmEdlpÁtp; Ág;[ .
2> karbgáarTl;nwgkarkMedAelIskMrit
edIm,IbgáarBIkarkMedAelIskMriténbMBg;Twkrbs;LcMhayenAkñgú L RtÚvpþl;nUvl½kçx½NÐdUcxageRkam³
k> TwkénLcMhayRtÚvEteFVIclnaeTAkan;bBM g;Twk[)anRKb;RKan;
x> TwkénLcMhayRtÚvbnSúT§[)anRKb;RKan; . sMrab;kargarenH RtÚvtemøIgnUv]bkrN_
bnÞn;Twk nig]bkrN_dksarFatuEr:BITwk .l.
3> karkarBarTl;nwgGNþatePøgI
kñúgkrNIEdlEpñkénFugrbs;LcMhay nigbMBg;kMedA temøIgenAcMGNþatePøgI b¤cM]sµn½ Edlman
sItN
u ðPaBx<s; RtÚvmanviFIkarBarTl;nwgkMedA[)anRtwmRtÚv b¤vFi IsmRsbdéTeTot .
4> karykcitþTukdak;elIPaBrwgmaMénrcnasm<n½ §
enAkEnøgEdlrgnUvsm<aFtantwgbEnßm dUcCasm<aFtantwgRbmUlpþMtú amcMNuc karrgnUvbnÞkú
CabnþbnÞab; nigsm<aFtantwgkMedAmanTMhFM M RbsinebImankarcaM)ac; RtÚvmanviFankarsmRsb
edIm,ITb;Tl; dUcCakarbegánI kMras;vtßúFatuCaedIm .
160
maRta 20 ³ snÞHbiTebIksuvtßiPaBsRmab;qñaMg nigbMBg;rbs;LcMhay
qñaMg nigbMBg;rbs;LcMhay EdlGacrgnwgsm<aFhYskMrit RtÚvEtbMBak;nUvsnÞHbiTebIk
suvtßiPaB edIm,Ibn§Úrsm<aF . kñúgkrNImansm<aFhYskMrit dUcCaeBlsm<aFéncMhayrbs;LcMhay
ekIneLIgelIsBIkMritkMNt; snÞHbiTebIksuvtßiPaBEdltemøIgenAkñúgFug kñúg]bkrN_dutbegánI kMedA[x<s;
nigkñúg]bkrN_dutkMedAeLIgvij RtÚvEtdMeNIrkaredIm,Ibn§Úrsm<aF karBarkuM[maneRKaHfñak; .
snÞHbiTebIksMrab;suvtßiPaB RtÚvmanlkçN³ dUcxageRkam ³
k> RtÚvtemøIgenATItaMgEdlgayRsÜlRtÜtBinitüemIl .
x> y:agehacNas;RtÚvtemøIgsnÞHbiTebIksMrab;suvtßiPaBmYyenAelIRckecjBIFug nigmYyeTot
enAelIRckecjBI]bkrN_dtu kMedA[x<s; .
K> smtßPaBsrubénsnÞHbiTebIksMrab;svu tßiPaB minRtÚvtUcCagsmtßPaBcMhayGtibrmaEdl
kMNt;rbs;LcMhayeLIy .
X> y:agehacNas; sm<aFkMNt;rbs;snÞHbiTebIksMrab;suvtßiPaBmYyénsnÞHbiTebIksMrab;
suvtßiPaBrbs;LcMhay minRtÚvx<s;Cagsm<aFGnuBaØatGtibrmaénEpñknimYy²rbs;LcMhay
enaHeLIy ¬rYmbBa©ÚlTaMgkñgú ]bkrN_dutkMedA[x<s; nig]bkrN_dutkMedAeLIgvij¦ .
g> RtÚvCasnÞHbiTebIksMrab;suvtßiPaBCarWsr½ b¤snÞHbiTebIksMrab;suvtßiPaBCarWs½rsakl,g .
RbB½np§ þl;Tkw rbs;LcMhay KWCaRbB½n§én]bkrN_sRmab;pÁt;pÁg;Tkw [LcMhay. l½kçx½NÐkMNt;
sRmab;RbB½n§pþl;Tkw rbs;LcMhay mandUcxageRkam ³
-RbB½n§pþl;Tkw RtÚvmanlT§PaBGacecosvagkarxUcedaysarkMedABILcMhay kñúgsßanPaB

mankarbeBa©jcMhayGtibrma .
-edIm,IecosvagkarxUcxatLcMhay edaysarkarekItmanbBaðarbs;RbB½np§ þl;Tkw RbB½np§ þl;Tkw
rbs;LcMhayRtÚvEtbMBak;nUv]bkrN_pÁt;pÁg;Tkw BIr b¤eRcIn .
-RbB½np§ þl;Tkw enH RtÚvEtGacpþl;edayÉkraCnUvbrimaNTwkminticCagbrimaNcMhayTwkGtibrma
Edl)aneRKagrbs;LcMhayenARKb;eBl nigmincMNuHCamYy]bkrN_epSg²eTot .
161
karbBa©ÚlTwkeTAkñgú LcMhay nigkarbeBa©jcMhayBILcMhay RtÚvmanl½kçx½NÐdUcxageRkam³
-RckecjcMhayénLcMhayRtÚvEtGacbiTcMhay)an
-Rckpþl;Tkw énLcMhayRtÚvEtGacbiT)anedaysVy½ Rbvtiþ nigy:agCit
-LcMhayEdlTwkvil RtÚvbMBak;nUvRbdab;bgðrÚ ecaledIm,IkarBarkMNkMeTc nigRKb;RKgkMrit
kMBs;Tkw
maRta 23 ³ karRtÜtemIll½kçx½NÐdMeNIrkarrbs;LcMhay nigRbB½n§karBarsuvtßiPaB
nig pþl;sBaØa
LcMhay nigeRKOgbnÞab;bnSMrbs;va RtÚvbMBak;nUvRbB½nR§ tÜtemIl edIm,IRtÜtemIll½kçx½NÐ
dMeNIrkarrbs;va nigRtÚvbMBak;nUvRbB½ns § vu tßiPaB nigRbB½n§pþl;sBaØaedIm,IkarBarkarxUcLcMhay
nigeRKÓgbnÞab;bnSMrbs;va . RbB½n§RtÜtemIl RbB½ns § uvtßPi aB nigRbB½n§pþl;sBaØa dUc)anbBa¢ak;xagelI
RtÚvmanbMBak;nvU ]bkrN_dUckMNt;xageRkam ³
1> sRmab;RtÜtemIlLcMhayEdlmancrnþTwkvileTAmk ³
k> Rbdab;bgðajkMritTwkkñgú FugLcMhay
x> Rbdab;bgðajsMBaFkñúgFugLcMhay
K> Rbdab;bgðajsItuNðPaBcMhayenARckecjrbs;]bkrN_dutkMedA[x<s;
nig]bkrN_dutkMedAeLIgvij
2> sRmab;RtÜtemIlLcMhayEdlmancrnþTwkqøgkat;EtmYydg
k> Rbdab;bgðajsMBaFcMhayenARckecjrbs;]bkrN_dutkMedA[x<s;
x> Rbdab;bgðajsItuNðPaBcMhayenARckecjrbs;]bkrN_dutkMedA[x<s;
nig]bkrN_dutkMedAeLIgvij
3> sRmab;karBarsuvtßiPaB nigpþl;sBaØa
LcMhayRtÚvmantemøgI Rbdab;sRmab;karBarsuvtßiPaB EdlmansmtßPaBkat;pþac;eday
sV½yRbvtþni UvkarpÁtp; Ág;eRbg[eTARKb;Rbdab;dtu énLcMhay nigRbdab;sRmab;pþl;sBaØa
EdlGacpþl;sBaØa kñúgkrNIdUcxageRkam³
k> eBlGNþatePøIgrlt;
x> eBlTwkmankMritkMBs;Tab ¬sRmab;FugLcMhayEdlmancrnþTkw vileTAmk¦
K> eBlRbB½n§pÁt;pÁg;xül;Qb;deM NIrkar .
162
4> sRmab;RtÜtemIlTwkLcMhay
LcMhayRtÚvmanbMBak;nUvRbdab;sRmab;RtÜtBinitüemIl nigRKb;RKgnUv KuNPaBTwk
EdlRtÚvpÁt;pÁg;[LcMhay nigTwkenAkñúgLcMhay dUcCaRbdab;vPi aKTwk b¤Rbdab;RtÜt
BinitüsmRsbdéTeTot .
*Rbdab;RtÜtemIlTaMgGs;xagelIRtÚvtemøIgnUvTItaMgEdlgayRsÜlRtÜtBinitüemIl .
EpñkTI 2
TYrb‘ÍncMhay
sIuLaMg qñaMg nigbMBg;rbs;TYb‘ÍncMhay nigeRKOgbnÞab;bnSMrbs;va RBmTaMgEpñkEdlrgsm<aF

RtÚvEteFVIBIvtßúFatuEdlmankmøaMgemkanicRKb;RKan; dUcCa manmuxtMNCab;maMl¥ mankmøaMgFn;nwgTMnajl¥
manPaByWtmingayeRbHl¥ manPaBsVti l¥ manPaBrwgl¥ niglkçN³déTeTotl¥ nigmanlMnwgKImI
RKb;RKan; dUcCa manPaBFn;nwgeRcHsIu PaBFn;nwgkarswk nigmanlkçN³KImIdéTeTot
enAeRkamsItuNðPaB nigsm<aFeFVkI arGtibrma .
maRta 25 ³ kMlaMgemkanicénrcnasm<½n§rbs;TYrb‘ÍncMhay
nigeRKOgbnÞab;bnSMrbs;va
rcnasm½n< §rbs;TYb‘ÍncMhayRtÚvmankmøaMgemkanicRKb;RKan; dUcCamanmuxtMNCab;maMl¥ GacFn;nwg

TMnaj)anl¥ mingayeRbH sVit rwg nigmanlkçN³emkanicdéTeTotl¥ eTaHCakñgú eBlEdlTYbÍn‘
dMeNIrkarkñgú el,ÒnmYyEdlTYbÍn‘ cMhayrt;dl; kñúgeBlRbdab;bBa¢ael,ÒneBlmanGasnñeFVs I kmµPaB
k¾eday . :el,ÒnEdlTYbn‘Í cMhayrt;dl; kñúgeBlRbdab;bBa¢ael,ÒneBlmanGasnñeFVs I kmµPaB :
minEmnKitEtcMNucel,ÓnxN³eBlEdlRbdab;bBa¢ael,ÓneBlmanGasnñeFVs I kmµPaBb:ueNÑaHeT Etk¾RtÚv
Kitel,ÓnEdlGacRtÚvBenøÓnbnÞab;BcI MNuceFVs I kmµPaBénRbdab;bBa¢ael,ÓneBlmanGasnñEdr .
rcnasm½n< §rbs;TYb‘ÍncMhayRtÚvmankmøaMgemkanicRKb;RKan;Tb;Tl;ngw TMhMGtibrmaénrMj½rEdlekIt
eLIgenAelI)a:dagem nigsñlÚ vil . :Th M MGtibrmaènrMj½r : mann½yfaCarMj½rGtibrmakñúgeBlTYbn‘Í
dMeNIrkar rYmbBa¨ÚlTaMgeBlTYbn‘Í cab;epþmI beBaáH nigbBaÄb;dMeNIrkar .
163
Epñkrgsm<aFnigeRKOgbnÞab;bnSMrbs;va RtÚvmankMritsuvtßiPaBRKb;RKan;Tl;ngw PaBtantwgGtibrma
eRkamsItuNðPaBnigsm<aFeFIVkarGtibrma . enAkñúgkrNIenH PaBtantwgminRtÚv[elIsBIPaBtantwg
EdlGacGnuBaØati)anrbs;vtßúFatuenaHeT .
TYbÍn‘ cMhaynigeRKOgbnÞab;bnSMrbs;vaEdlGacrgsm<aFelIs RtÚvEtbMBak;nUvRbdab;karBarsm<aF
elIsedIm,Ibn§Úrsm<aF .
maRta 26 ³ )a:dagrbs;TYrb‘ÍncMhay
)a:dagènTYbn‘Í cMhayRtÚvmanTMrg;sMNg;ya: gNa GacRTbnÞúkedayesßrPaBkñgú eBldMeNIrkar

nigminRtÚvqab;skw ricrwl nigxUcRTg;RTayxusRbRktI RBmTaMgekþAhYskMNt;enaHeT. edIm,I
karBar)a:dag :min[qab;skw ricrwl nigxUcRTg;RTayxusRbRktI RBmTaMgekþAhYskMNt; :
RtÚvcat;nUvviFankarN_dUcxageRkam ³
k> TYrb‘nÍ cMhayemRtÚvbMBak;nUvm:TU p½ Átp; Ág;eRbgrMGilem m:UT½pÁt;pÁg;eRbgrMGli CMnYy nigm:UT½rpÁtp; Ág;
eRbgrMGli RKamanGasnñ . RtÚvpþl;[)anRKb;RKan;nUveRbgrMGli .
x> brimaNeRbgrMGilsRmab;TrY b‘nÍ cMhayRtÚvmanRKb;RKan;RKb;eBl .
K> m:UT½rpÁt;pÁg;eRbgrMGli CMnYy RtÚvcab;epþmI bUmeRbgedaysV½yRbvtiþ enAeBlEdlsm<aFbeBa©j
eRbgrMGli rbs;mT:U r½ bUmeRbgrMGilemFøak;TabminRbRktI .
X> m:UT½rbUmeRbgkñúgRKamanGasnñ b¤m:UTr½ bUmeRbgCMny
Y dMeNIrkaredayédEdlRtÚv)antemøIg
sMrab;bBaÄb;TrY b‘nÍ edaysuvtßiPaB enAeBlEdlm:UT½pÁtp; Ág;eRbgrMGilem nigm:UT½pÁtp; Ág;
eRbgrMGli CMnYy xUc mindMeNIrkar .
g> Fugsþkú eRbgrMGilRtÚvmaneRbgrMGli caM)ac;srM ab;TYbn‘Í
c> RtÚvbMBak;nUvRbdab;edIm,IsMGateRbgrMGil
q> RtÚvbMBak;nUvRbdab;edIm,IRtÜtBinitüsItN u ðPaBeRbgrMGli
164
maRta 27 ³ karRKb;RKgel,Ónrbs;TYrb‘ÍncMhay
1> Rbdab;RKb;RKgel,Ón
TYbÍn‘ cMhay RtÚvbMBak;nUvRbB½n§mYysMrab;EktRmÚvcMhaycUleTAkñgú TYb‘ÍnedaysVy

½ Rbvtþi eTAtam
el,ÒnCak;Esþgrbs;TrY b‘nÍ edIm,ITb;sàat;el,Òn nigfamBlbeBa¨jrbs;TYrb‘ÍnkM[u pøas;bþÚrcuHeLIg
\tQb;Qr eTaHbIkñúgkrNImankarpøas;bÚurþ l½kçx½NÐbnÞkú k¾eday . RbB½ne§ nHeKehAfa
Rbdab;RKb;RKgel,Ón¬b¤Rbdab;bBa¢ael,Ón¦ . Rbdab;RKb;RKgel,Ónman]bkrN_tamdanel,ÓnmYy
EdltamemIlel,ÓnCak;Esþgrbs;TrY b‘nÍ cMhay ehIybnÞab;mkpþl;bBa¢aeTA[snÞHbiTebIktRmÚvcMhay
edIm,IEktRmÚvbrimaNénlMhrU rbs;cMhaycUleTAkñgú TYrb‘ÍncMhay kñgú eKalbMNgrkSael,Ònrbs;TrY b‘nÍ
[enAnwgminERbRbÜl . Rbdab;RKb;RKgel,ÒnenH RtÚvRKb;RKgel,ÒnTYbn‘Í min[rt;dl;el,Ònkat;pþac;
eTaHbICaGnuPaBbeBa¨jrbs;TrY b‘nÍ RtÚv)anbBaÄb;Pøam²k¾eday.
2> Rbdab;RKb;RKgel,ÓnRKaGasnñ
bEnßmBIelIRbdab;RKb;RKgel,Òn TYbÍn‘ emRtÚvmanbMBak;nUvRbdab;RKb;RKgel,ÒnÉkraCüRKaGasnñ
mYyedayELkeTot edIm,ITb;sáat;min[el,ÓnekIneLIgelIsxusBIRbRktI . Rbdab;RKb;RKgel,Ón
RKaGasnñenH RtÚveFVIskmµPaBpþac;lh M rU cUlèncMhayeTAkñgú TYrb‘Ín enAeBlEdlel,ÓneLIgdl;el,Ón
elatpþac; . el,Ónelatpþac;ènTYrb‘nÍ RtÚvx<s;Cagel,ÒnedIm nigTabCag 111° ènel,ÒnedIm .
3> el,ÓnFmµta el,ÓnhYskMNt; nigel,ÓneRKaHfñak;rbs;TYrb‘Ín
el,ÒnFmµtarbs;TrY b‘nÍ cMhay KWCael,ÒndMeNIrkarrbs;TYrb‘ÍneBlmanbnÞúkFmµta nigeBl

Rbdab;RKb;RKgel,ÓneFVkI arFmµta . TYbÍn‘ RtÚvEtmansmtßPaBdMeNIrkarenAkñgú el,ÒnFmµtaenH edayKµan
kMNt;eBlevla nigGanuPaBbeBa©j . el,ÓnFmµtaenHRtÚvzitenAkñúgcenøaHBI 98° eTA 101°
énel,ÓnedImrbs;TrY b‘nÍ . el,ÒnFmµtarbs;TrY b‘nÍ minRtÚvCael,ÒnmYyTabCag b¤x<s;CageRcIn
BIel,ÓnedImeLIy .
el,ÓnhYskMNt;KWCael,ÒnEdlekIneLIghYsBIel,ÒnFmµtaehIyGaceFV[I maneRKaHfñak;dl;TrY b‘nÍ .
el,ÒneRKaHfñak;rbs;TbY ‘Ín KWCael,ÒnmYyEdlbegàtI Caer:sUNg;elITYrb‘Ín . edIm,Iecosvagkar
xUcxatTYrb‘Ínedaysarer:sUNg;enH el,ÒneRKaHfñak;rbs;TYbn‘Í nig¼b¤]bkrN_P¢ab;CamYyva dUcCa
ehSenr:aT½r b¤r:UT½rEdlenAelIsÚlñ vilCamYyKña RtÚvmansMNg;y:agNa min[el,ÓneRKaHfñak;enH
enAkñgú cenøaHrvagel,ÓnGb,brmaEdlRtÜtBinitüedayRbdab;bBa¢ael,Ón nigel,ÓnGtibrmaEdlman
165
rbs;Rbdab;bBaÄb;TrY b‘nÍ RKaGasnñeLIy . eTaHCay:agenHk¾eday krNIenHGacelIkElg)an
RbsinebI)anerobcMnUvviFankar RKb;RKan;Tb;saà t;Tl;ngw rMj½rènel,ÒneRKaHfñak;kgñú eBldMeNIrkarrbs;TYbn‘Í .
:cenøaHrvagel,ÓnGb,brmaEdlRtÜtBinitüedayRbdab;bBa¢ael,Ón nigel,ÓnGtibrmaEdlGacman
rbs;Rbdab;bBa¢ael,Ónkñgú eBlmanGasnñ : KWCael,ÓnEdlGacdMeNIr)anrbs;TbY Ín‘ cMhay .
4> RBMEdnel,Ónrbs;TYrb‘Ín
TYrb‘nÍ RtÚvmansmtßPaBrkSael,Òn[zitenAkñgú kMritkMNt;dUcxageRkam ³
k> karERbRbÜlel,Ónkñgú ry³eBlxIøKWmni RtÚveRcInCag 10° énel,ÓnedImGtibrma enAeBl

GanuPaBbeBa©jedImGtibrmarbs;ehSenr:aT½rRtÚv)anbBaÄb;Pøam² .
x> enARKb;bnÞúkTaMgGs; cenøaHrvagbnÞkú sUnü dl;bnÞúkedIm karERbRbÜlénel,ÓnGciéRnþy_
KWRtÚvzitenAkñúgkMrit ±5° énel,ÓnedImGtibrma .
5> karkarBarTl;ngw el,ÓnekIneLIgelIskMrit

k> TYbÍn‘ em nigTYrb‘ÍnCMnYyTaMgGs;¬kñúgkrNIEdlTYrb‘ÍnCaGñkbBa¢am:UT½rbUmpÁt;pÁg;[LcMhay¦
RtÚvbMBak;nUvRbdab;karBarel,ÒnelIskMrit edIm,IbgàakuM[el,ÒnTYrb‘ÍnekIneLIgbEnßmelIsBI
10° èn el,ÒnFmµtarbs;TrY b‘nÍ .
x> bEnßmBIelIRbdab;karBarel,ÒnelIs TYbÍn‘ cMhayemRtÚvmanbMBak;nUv]bkrN_Edlman
smtßPaBRtÜtBinitüel,Ònrbs;TYb‘ÍneBlKµanP¢ab;bnÞúk edayBueM FVI[Rbdab;karBarel,Ón
elIskMriteFVsI kmµPaB .
166
maRta 28 ³ l½kçx½NÐpþl;sBaØa nigbBaÄb;TYrb‘ÍnenARKaGasnñ
edIm,IecosvageRKaHfñak;EdlGacekIteLIgedaysarl½kçx½NÐmni RbRktI¬RKaGasnñ¦ènTYrb‘nÍ cMhay
kñúgeBldMeNIrkar TYrb‘nÍ cMhayenaHRtÚvbMBak;nUvRbB½n§BIrKW³ 1-RbB½nk§ arBarRKaGasnñ nig2-RbB½n§
pþl;sBaØaRKaGasnñ .
1> RbB½n§karBar b¤RbB½nk§ at;pþac;RKaGasnñ

edIm,IkarBarku[M maneRKaHfñak;ekIteLIg EdlGacekIteLIgedaysarl½kçx½NÐminRbRktI TYbn‘Í em
RtÚvbMBak;nUvRbB½nk§ arBarmYyEdlGackat;pþac;karpÁt;pÁg;cMhayeTA[TYrb‘ÍnedaysVy
½ Rbvti¬þ Rbdab;bBaÄb;
RKamanGasnñedaysVy ½ Rbvtþi¦ kñúgkrNIdUcxageRkam ³
k> sm<aFeRbgrMGilTab
x> sm<aFcMhaybeBa©jecalx<s;
K> suBaØGakaskugdg;srW Tab
X> el,ÓnelIskMrit
g> b‘UtugbBaÄb;kúñgRKamanGasnñ RtÚv)ancuc[Qb;dMeNIrkar edaykarbBa¢aenAnwgkEnøg
b¤karbBa¢aBIcm¶ay.
bEnßmBIelIRbdab;bBaÄb;RKamanGasnñedaysVy
½ Rbvtþi RbB½nk§ arBark¾RtÚvmanRbdab;bBaÄb;
RKamanGasnñedayédmYyeTotbEnßm .
eBlRbdab;bBaÄb;RKamanGasnñdMeNIrkar sBaØabBaÄb;RKaGasnñk¾RtÚvRbkaspgEdr .
2> RbB½n§pþls
; BaØaRKaGasnñ
TYbÍn‘ cMhayRtÚvbMBak;nUvRbB½n§pþl;sBaØamYy EdlGacpþl;sBaØa[emIleXIj nigsþab;B¤
enAeBlEdlmansßanPaBminRbRktIekIteLIg muneBlRbdab;kat;pþac;cMhayeFVs I kmµPaB . sßanPaB
minRbRktIèndMeNIrkarrbs;TYrb‘ÍncMhay GacbBa¢ak;edaykMrti rMj½rrbs;TrY b‘nÍ cMhay .
enAeBleTVrGaMBTøI UtGtibrmaénrMj½rrbs;)a:dagsMxan;² b¤rbs;dgbgVli EdlenAEk,rva RtÚv)anrk
eXIjfa manTMhMelIsBIkMritGnuBaØatikñúgeBldMeNIrkarrbs;TbY Ín‘ eBlenaHdMeNIrkarrbs;TrY b‘nÍ cMhay
enaH RtÚv)ancat;Tku famanlkçN³minRbRktI .
167
TYbÍn‘ cMhay RtÚvbMBak;nUvRbB½n§pþl;sBaØamYy EdlGacpþl;sBaØa[)andwg enAeBleTVrGaMBøITUt
GtibrmaénrMj½rén)a:dagsMxan;² b¤dgbgVli EdlenAEk,rvaekIneLIgelIsBItémøbgðajenAkñgú taragxageRkam³
taragTI 2 kMritGnuBaØaténeTVrGaMBTøI UtGtibrmaénrMj½r
cMNucvas; el,ÓnedIm kMritGnuBaØaténeTVrGaMBøITUtGtibrmaénrMj½r
krNIel,ÓnyWtCagel,ÓnedIm krNIel,ÓnminyWtCagel,ÓnedIm
eCIgRT 3/000 CMku ñúg1naTI 0>075 mm 0>062 mm
)a:dag 1/500 CMku ñúg1naTI 0>105 mm 0>087 mm
dgbgVil 3/000 CMku ñúg1naTI 0>150 mm 0>125 mm
1/500 CMku ñúg1naTI 0>210 mm 0>175 mm
3> karBinitüRbB½n§karBar nigRbB½np§ þl;sBaØaRKaGasnñrbs;TYrb‘ÍncMhay
edIm,IFanasuvtßiPaBènkardMeNIrkarTYrb‘nÍ cMhay muneBldMeNIrkarGaCIvkmµTYbn‘Í cMhay

Gñkkan; GaCJab½NÑeFVIGaCIvkmµRtÚvdak;[GaCJaFrGKÁisnIkm<úCaBinitünUvÉksarTak;TgnwgRbB½n§karBar
nigRbB½n§pþl;sBaØaRKaGasnñ dUcxageRkam ³
k> düaRkamRbB½n§karBarTYbÍn‘ RKaGasnñ
x> RBwtbþi RtBnül;GBM IrUbPaBéncMNuckat;pþac; nigpþl;sBaØaRKaGasnñ
maRta 29 ³ karRtÜtemIll½kçx½NÐdMeNIrkarrbs;TYrb‘Ín
TYbÍn‘ cMhay nigeRKOgbnÞab;bnSMrbs;vaRtÚvEtbMBak;nUvRbB½nR§ tÜtemIlcaM)ac; edIm,IRtÜtemIl
l½kçx½NdÐ MeNIrkar nigRbB½n§pþl;sBaØacaM)ac;edIm,ITb;saà t;karxUcxatènTYbn‘Í cMhay nigeRKOgbnÞab;bnSM
rbs;vakñúgeBldMeNIrkar .
RbB½nR§ tÜtemIl nigRbB½n§pþl;sBaØaènTYbn‘Í cMhay RtÚvmansmtßPaBRtÜtemIlTinñn½ydUcxageRkam³
k> el,ÒnbgVli rbs;TbY Ín‘
x> sm<aF nigsItN u ðPaBéncMhayem ¬xagmuxkEnøgsnÞHbiTebIkbBaÄb;em¦
K> sItN u ðPaB nigsm<aFéncMhayEdldutkMedAeLIgvij ¬xagmuxkEnøgsnÞHbiTebIkbBaÄb;keM dA
eLIgvij¦
X> sm<aFèncMhaybeBa¨jrbs;TbY Ín‘ cMhay
g> sm<aFeRbgrMGilenARckcUlèn)a:dagTYbn‘Í cMhay
168
c> sItNu ðPaBeRbgrMGli enARckecjèn)a:dagTYbn‘Í cMhay b¤sItuNðPaBelah³èn)a:dag
q> sßanPaBénsnÞHebIkbiTRKb;RKglMhrU cMhay
C> GaMBøITUtrMj½rrbs;TbY Ín‘ cMhay ¬RtÚvmankarkt;RtaCasVy½ Rbvtþi-karkt;RtaCaBt’man
GacTTYlyk)an¦ .
maRta 30 ³ karRtÜtBinitüsuvtßiPaBrbs;TYrb‘ÍncMhay nigeRKOgbnÞab;bnSMrbs;va
edIm,IFananUvsuvtßiPaBkñúgkardMeNIrkarTYrb‘ÍncMhay Gñkkan;GaCJab½NÑEdlmanEpnkartemøgI
TYrb‘nÍ cMhayenAkñgú RBHraCaNacRkkm<Cú a RtÚvdak;nUvKMnUsbøg; nigTinnñ ½y Tak;TgnwgTYrb‘nÍ cMhay
EdlRtÚvtemøIgtamcMNucdUcxageRkam edIm,I[GaCJaFrGKÁisnIkm<úCakm<Cú aeFVkI arBinitüepÞógpÞat;CamYy
l½kçx½NÐEdlEcgkñgú sþg;daenH ³
k> sMbkTYb‘Ín
x> r:UTr½ TYbÍn‘
K> el,Ònx<s;bpM utrbs;r:UTr½ TYbn‘Í
X> Tinñn½ybec©keTssMrab;karKNnaPaBrwgmaM EdlkMNt;xagelI
g> yfaRbePTvtßúFatuénsmaFatusxM an;²
c> karpÁtúM amEpñk²
q> düaRkamRbB½n§RtÜtBinitü
C> KMnUsbøg; nigTinnñ ½yEdlcat;Tku facaM)ac;edayrdæaPi)al
169
CMBUk 4
plitGKÁisnITYrb‘Ín]sµ½n
170
maRta 31 ³ meFüa)ayplitGKÁisnITYrb‘Ín]sµ½n
meFüa)ayplitGKÁisnITrY b‘nÍ ]sµn½ KWCameFüa)aymYyEdlplitGKÁisnIecjBIrgVilènTYrb‘Ín]sµn½
EdlviledaykmøaMgéncrnþrbs;]sµ½nEdleqHehIy)aj;ecjBIbnÞbc; MehH . enAkñúgbnÞb;ceM hH \n§n³
RtÚv)anlayCamYyxül; nigbeBaÄHva cMehHenHbegánI sItuNðPaB el,Ón nigTMhrM bs;]sµ½n
EdlbnÞab;mk)aj;ecjeRkAtamk,albMBg; kñúgel,ÓnmYyx<s;tRmg;eTAkan;saø bvilrbs;TYrb‘nÍ edIm,IbgVil
TYrb‘nÍ .
EpñksMxan;²ènTYrb‘nÍ ]sµ½nEdlRtÚv)anbBaØteþi dayl½kçx½NÐenAkñgú CMBUkenH mandUcxageRkam ³
- TYrb‘nÍ pÞal;
- ):adag
- Rbdab;RKb;RKgel,Ón
- Rbdab;bBaÄb; nigpþl;sBaØaRKaGasnñ
- Rbdab;karBarkarelIssm<aF
- RbB½nR§ tÜtemIl nigpþl;sBaØa
maRta 32 ³ l½kçx½NÐcMeBaHvtßúFatuénTYrb‘Ín]sµ½n nigeRKOgbnÞab;bnSMrbs;va
EpñksMxan;²rbs;TbY Ín‘ ]sµn½ EdlBak;B½n§nwgkarrgsm<aFxagkñgú x<s;Cag 0kg/cm RtÚveFVIBI
2
vtßúFatuEdlmankmøaMgemkanicRKb;RKan;dUcCa manmuxtMNCab;maMl¥ GacFn;nwgTMnaj)anl¥ mingayeRbH

sVti rwg nigmanlkçN³emkanicdéTeTotl¥ nigmanlMnwgKImIRKb;RKan;dUcCa manPaBFn;nwg
eRcHsuIl¥ manPaBFn;nwgkarkMedAl¥ nigmanlkçN³KImIdéTeTotl¥ enAeRkamsItuNðPaB
nigsm<aFeFIVkarGtibrma . EpñksMxan;²TaMgenHmandUcxageRkam ³
k> r:UTr½ søabmineFVcI lna nigsøabeFVIclnarbs;TrY b‘nÍ
x> r:UTr½ søabmineFVcI lna nigsøabeFVIclnarbs;kueM RbHs½r
K> sMbkTYb‘Ín nigsMbkkMueRbHs½r
X> bnÞb;cMehH
g> dgbgVilrbs;TrY b‘nÍ
c> exÄb‘LU gú sMrab;cab;P¢ab;smasFatusxM an;²rbs;TrY b‘nÍ
q> muxtMNdgbgVli nigexÄb‘LU úg
C> bMBg; v:al; nigvtßúcab;P¢ab;ngw TYrb‘Ín
171
EpñksMxan;²ènTYbÍn‘ ]sµn½ elIkElgEtexÄb‘LU gú bMBg; v:al; nigvtßúcab;P¢ab;RtÚveFVeI tsþBinti üemIl
kMu[mankarxUc .
vtßúFatuEdleRbIenAEpñkrgsItuNðPaBx<s;RtÚvmanlkçN³sm,tþismRsb sMrab;karerobcM
dMeNIrkarEpñkbec©keTs nigGayukalesvakmµ Tb;Tl;ngw eRcHsIu PaBtantwgxagkMedA PaBrIkmaD
nigkarbn§Úr .
kñúgkrNIEdlsMPar³CamUldæanRtÚvlabfñaMTb;Tl;nwgeRcHsIu vtßúFatuEdllabRtÚvEtCab;maMCamYy
sMPar³CamUldæanenaH nigminRtÚvmanRbtikmµeFVI[sMPar³CamUldæanenaHcuHfyPaBrwgmaMeLIy .
sMPar³TYrb‘Ín]sµn½ TaMgGs;RtÚvmankarGHGagfamanPaBrwgemkanicRKb;RKan; tamry³karKNna
PaBrwgmaM b¤vFi IepSgeTot .
maRta 33 ³ kMlaMgemkaniénrcnasm<½n§rbs;TYrb‘Ín]sµ½n nigeRKOgbnÞab;bnSMrbs;va
rcnasm<n½ §rbs;TYb‘Ín]sµn½ RtÚvmankMlaMgemkanicrwgmaMRKb;RKan; dUcCa manmuxtMNCab;maMl¥
GacFn;nwgTMnaj)anl¥ mingayeRbH sVit rwg nigmanlkçN³emkanicdéTeTotl¥ eTaHkñúgeBl
dMeNIrkarkñgú el,ÒgmYyEdlTYbÍn‘ ]sµn½ )anrt;dl; enAeBlRbdab;bBa¢ael,ÓnRKamanGasnñeFVs I kmµPaB
k¾eday . eTaHCael,ÒnrgVilrbs;TYbn‘Í ]sµ½nrt;elIsBIel,ÒnrgVli edImedayehtuplNamYy nigeTaHCa
Rbdab;bBa¢ael,ÒnRKamanGasnñeFVs I kmµPaBk¾eday TYrb‘ÍnminRtÚvTTYlrgnUvkarxUcxateLIy .
rcnasm<n½ §rbs;TYb‘Ín]sµn½ RtÚvmankMlaMgemkanicrwgmaMRKb;RKan;Tb;Tl;ngw TMhMGtibrmaénrMj½r

EdlekIteLIgenAelI)a:dagemnigdgbgVli . :TMhMGtibrmaénrMj½r : mann½yfa rMj½rGtibrma
kñgú eBlTYrb‘nÍ dMeNIrkar rYmTaMgkñgú eBlTYrb‘nÍ cab;epþImdMeNIrkar nigeBlbBaÄb;dMeNIrkar .
rcnasm<n½ §Epñkrgsm<aFnigeRKOgbnÞab;bnSMrbs;va RtÚvmankMritsuvtßiPaBRKb;RKan;Tl;ngw PaB

tantwgGtibrma eRkamsItuNðPaB nigsm<aFeFIVkarGtibrma . enAkñgú krNIenH PaBtantwg
minRtÚv[elIsBIPaBtantwgEdlGacGnuBaØati)anrbs;vtßúFatuenaHeT . edIm,IFanakMritsuvtßiPaBRKb;RKan;
Tb;Tl;ngw PaBtantwgGtibrma rcnasm<n½ §ènEpñkrgsm<aFTaMgLay ènTYrb‘Ín]sµn½ nigeRKÓgbnÞab;bnSM
rbs;va RtÚvEtmansmtßPaBFn;nwgkareFVIetsþedaysm<aFTwk edayeRbIR)as;sm<aFTwkesµInwg 1>5 dg
énsm<aFGtibrmaEdlGnuBaØat kñúgdMeNIrkarrbs;EpñknimYy² edayKµankarelcRCab .
TYbÍn‘ ]sµn½ nigeRKOgbnÞab;bnSMrbs;va EdlGacekItmansm<aFelIs RtÚvEtbMBak;nUvRbdab;karBar
sm<aFelIsedIm,Ibn§ÚrsMBaF .
172
maRta 34 ³ )a:dagrbs;TYrb‘Ín]sµ½n
)a:dagrbs;TbY Ín‘ ]sµn½ RtÚvmansMNg;ya: gNa EdlGacRTbnÞkú )anedayesßrPaBkñgú eBl

dMeNIrkar nigminRtÚvqab;swkricnigxUcRTg;RTayxusRbRktI RBmTaMgekþAhYskMNt;enaHeT .
edIm,IkarBar)a:dagmin[ :qab;skw ricnigxUcRTg;RTayxusRbRktI RBmTaMgekþAhYskMNt; : TYrb‘nÍ ]sµ½n
RtÚvmanbMBak;nUvm:TU r½ bUmeRbgrMGil dUcxageRkam edIm,Ipþl;eRbgrMGil[)anRKb;RKan;dl;)a:dag ³
k> m:UT½rbUmeRbgrMGilem
enAeBlTYbn‘Í dMeNIrkar m:UT½rbUmeRbgrMGli em RtÚvEtdMeNIrkaredIm,IpÁg;pÁg;eRbgrMGil[)a:dag
rbs;TrY b‘nÍ [)anRKb;RKan; .
x> m:UT½rbUmeRbgCMnYy
m:UT½rbUmeRbgCMnYyRtÚvcab;epþImbUmeRbgedays½yV Rbvtiþ enAeBlEdlsm<aFbeBa©j
rbs;m:UT½rbUmeRbgemFøak;cuHTabminRbRktI .
eTaHbIy:agNa RbsinebITbY Í‘n]sµ½nRtÚv)anbMBak;nUvRbdab;kat;pþac;lMhUreRbgcUledays½Vy
Rbvtiþ nigbBaÄb;edaysuvtßiPaBenAeBlEdlsm<aFenARckecjénm:UT½rbUmeRbgemfycuHenaH
BMucaM)ac;bBM ak;m:UT½rbUmeRbgCMnYyeT .
K> m:UT½rbUmeRbgkñúgRKamanGasnñ
m:UT½rbUmeRbgkñúgRKamanGasnñ b¤m:UTr½ bUmeRbgCMny
Y dMeNIrkaredayéd RtÚv)antemøgI sRmab;
karBarsuvtßiPaBenAeBlbBaÄb;TYbn‘Í em eBlEdlm:UT½rbUmeRbgem nig¼b¤m:UT½rbUmeRbgCMnYy
mindMeNIrkar .
1> Rbdab;RKb;RKgel,Ón
TYbÍn‘ ]sµn½ RtÚvEtbMBak;nUvRbdab;my Y EdlGacEktRmÚvedaysVy ½ RbvtiþnÚvlMhrU cUlèn\n§n³
¬]sµn½ ¦eTAkñgú TYb‘Ín]sµn½ edIm,ITb;el,ÒnnigfamBlbeBa¨jrbs;TrY b‘nÍ ]sµ½n kMu[ERbRbÜl\tQb;Qr
¬eyal¦ eTaHCakñúgkrNImankarpøas;bþÚrl½kçx½NÐbnÞúkk¾eday . Rbdab;EktRmÚvfamBlcUleTAkñgú
TYrb‘nÍ ]sµ½nedaysVy ½ RbvtþienH ehAfaRbdab;RKb;RKgel,Òn . Rbdab;RKb;RKgel,Òn RtÚvman
lT§PaBrkSael,ÒnTYrb‘Ín[ enATabCagel,ÒnenAeBlEdlRbdab;bBa¢ael,ÒnenARKamanGasnñ
eFVIskmµPaB eRkayeBlmankarkat;pþac;bnÞkú edIm .
TYrb‘nÍ ]sµ½n eTaHbICaTYrb‘nÍ ]sµ½nminduteRbg\n§n³edaypÞal;k¾eday RtÚvmanbMBak;nUv
Rbdab;RtÜtBinitüemIlel,ÓnrgVilGtibrmarbs;va .
173
2> el,ÓnFmµta el,ÓnhYskMNt; nigel,ÓneRKaHfñak;rbs;TYrb‘Ín
el,ÒnFmµtarbs;TrY b‘nÍ ]sµ½n KWCael,ÒndMeNIrkarrbs;TrY b‘nÍ eBlmanbnÞkú Fmµta nigeBlRbdab;

RKb;RKgel,ÒneFVkI arFmµta . TYb‘ÍnRtÚvEtmansmtßPaBdMeNIrkarenAkñúgel,ÒnFmµtaenH edayKµankMNt;
eBlevla nigGanuPaBbeBa©j . el,ÓnFmµtaenHRtÚvzitenAkñúgcenøaHBI 98° eTA 101°
ènel,ÒnedImrbs;TYrb‘Ín . el,ÒnFmµtarbs;TrY b‘nÍ minRtÚvCael,ÓnmYy TabCag b¤x<s;CageRcIn
BIel,ÓnedImeLIy .
el,ÓnhYskMNt; KWCael,ÓnEdlekIneLIghYsBIel,ÓnFmµtaehIyGaceFV[I maneRKaHfñak;
dl;TYrb‘Ín.
el,ÒneRKaHfñak;rbs;TbY ‘Ín KWCael,ÒnmYyEdlbegàtI Caer:sUNg;elITYrb‘Ín . edIm,Iecosvagkar
xUcxatTYrb‘Ínedaysarer:sUNg;enH el,ÒneRKaHfñak;rbs;TYbn‘Í nig¼b¤]bkrN_P¢ab;CamYyva dUcCa
ehSenr:aT½r b¤r:UT½r EdlenAelIsñÚlvilCamYyKña RtÚvmansMNg;ya: gNa min[el,ÓneRKaHfñak;enH
enAkñgú cenøaHrvagel,ÓnGb,brmaénRbdab;bBa¢ael,Ón nigel,ÒnGtibrmaEdlmanrbs;Rbdab;bBaÄb;TrY b‘nÍ
RKaGasnñeLIy . eTaHCay:agenHk¾eday krNIenHGacelIkElg)an RbsinebI)anerobcMnUvviFankar
RKb;RKan;Tb;saà t;Tl;ngw rMj½rènel,ÒneRKaHfñak;kgñú eBldMeNIrkarrbs;TbY Ín‘ .
:cenøaHrvagel,ÓnGb,brmaénRbdab;bBa¢ael,Ón nigel,ÓnGtibrmaEdlGacman rbs;Rbdab;bBa¢a
el,Ónkñgú eBlmanGasnñ : KWCael,ÒnEdlGacdMeNIr)anrbs;TbY Ín‘ cMhay .
:el,ÓnGb,brmaénRbdab;bBa¢ael,Ón : mann½ydUcxageRkam ³
k> el,ÒnGb,brmakñúgkarERbRbÜlel,Òn enAeBlTYbn‘Í minP¢ab;CamYyehSenr:aT½r b¤r:UTr½ .
x> el,ÒnGb,brmarbs;eRhVkg;bNþajenAeBlTYbn‘Í P¢ab;CamYyehSenr:aT½r b¤r:UT½r .
maRta 36 ³ Rbdab;pþl;sBaØa nigbBaÄb;TYrb‘ÍnRKaGasnñ
edIm,IecosvagkarxUcxat EdlGacekIteLIgedaysarel,ÓnekIneLIghYskMNt; nigl½kçx½NÐmin

RbRktIepSgeTotènTYrb‘nÍ ]sµ½n¬krNIGasnñ¦ kñúgeBldMeNIrkarTYrb‘Ín]sµn½ enaHRtÚvbMBak;nUv]bkrN_
BIrKW³ 1> ]bkrN_bBaÄb;TYrb‘ÍnRKaGasnñ nig 2> ]bkrN_pþl;sBaØaRKaGasnñ .
1> ]bkrN_bBaÄb;TYrb‘ÍnRKaGasnñ
edIm,IecosvagkarxUcxatekIteLIgedaysarel,ÓnhYskMNt; b¤l½kçx½NÐminRbRktIdéTeTot
kñúgeBldMeNIrkarrbs;TbY ‘Ín]sµ½n TYrb‘nÍ RtÚvEtbMBak;nUv]bkrN_EdlGackat;pþac;nUvlMhrU cUlèn\n§n³
174
b¤]sµn½ edays½y V RbvtiþehAfaRbdab;bBaÄb;TrY b‘nÍ RKaGasnñedaysV½yRbvtþi . bEnßmBIelIRbdab;bBaÄb;
TYrb‘nÍ RKaGasnñedaysV½yRbvtþi TYrb‘nÍ k¾RtÚvmanRbdab;bBaÄb;RKaGasnñmYyeTotEdlbBa¢aedayèd .
enAeBlRbdab;bBaÄb;RKamanGasnñenHdMeNIrkar eBlenaHsBaØabBaÄb;RKamanGasnñRtÚvEteFVs I kmµPaB
Edr .
kñúgkrNIel,ÒnhYskMNt; b¤el,ÒnEdlelIsBIel,ÒnedImrbs;TbY ‘Ín]sµ½n Rbdab;bBaÄb;TrY b‘nÍ

RKaGasnñedaysVy ½ Rbvtþi RtÚveFVIskmµPaBbBaÄb;TrY b‘nÍ edaysV½yRbvtþi enAeBlEdlel,ÒneLIgdl;
el,Ònelatpþac; . el,Ònelatpþac;ènTYrb‘nÍ ]sµ½nRtÚvx<s;Cagel,ÒnedImrbs;TYrb‘Ín nigTabCag
111° én el,ÓnedIm .
:l½kçx½NÐmni RbRktIdéTeTot : KWCakrNIdUcxageRkam ³
k> krNIEdlkMhcU ekIteLIgxagkñúgehSenr:aT½r
x> krNIEdlsItuNðPaB]sµ½nekIneLIgxøaMg
K> krNIEdlsItuNðPaBeRbgrMGilekIneLIgxøaMg
X> krNIEdlsm<aFeRbgrMGli ekIneLIgxøaMg
2> ]bkrN_pþls
; BaØaRKaGasnñ
TYbÍn‘ ]sµn½ RtÚvEtbMBak;nUvRbdab;pþl;sBaØa Edlmanmuxgarpþl;sBaØaenAeBlkMritrMj½rRtÚvBinitü
eXIjfahYsBIkMritGnuBaØat kñúgeBldMeNIrkarrbs;TYb‘Ín]sµn½ .
maRta 37 ³ RbB½n§RtÜtemIlnigRbB½n§pþl;sBaØa
TYbÍn‘ ]sµn½ nigeRKOgbnÞab;bnSMrbs;va RtÚvEtbMBak;edayRbB½n§EdlcaM)ac;edIm,IRtÜtemIll½kçx½NÐ
dMeNIrkar nigRbB½n§pþl;sBaØaEdlcaM)ac;edIm,IbgàarkarxUcrbs;TYrb‘Ín]sµn½ nigeRKÒgbnÞab;bnSMrbs;va
kñúgeBldMeNIrkar .
RbB½nR§ tÜtemIlTYb‘nÍ ]sµ½n RtÚvGacRtÜtemIlTinnñ ½ydUcxageRkam ³
k> el,ÒnrgVli rbs;TbY ‘Ín ¬naLikavas;el,ÒnTYbn‘Í ]sµ½n¦
x> sm<aFenARckecjènkMeu RbHs½rxül;rbs;TYb‘Ín]sµn½
K> sItN u ðPaB]sµ½nenARckcUlènTYbn‘Í ]sµ½n ¬RtÚveFVkI arKNna kMNt;stI N u ðPaBenARck
cUlrbs;]sµn½ edayEp¥kelIkarvas;sItuNðPaB]sµn½ enARckecj¦
X> sm<aFrbs;eRbgrMGilenARckcUlèn)a:dagrbs;TbY ‘Ín]sµ½n
g> sm<aFrbs;eRbgrMGli enARckecjèn)a:dagrbs;TbY Ín‘ ]sµn½ b¤sItuNðPaBelah³rbs;)a:dag.
175
RbB½np§ þl;sBaØarbs;TbY Ín‘ ]sµn½ RtÚvGacpþl;sBaØa[dwg enAeBlekItmansßanPaBdUcxageRkam³
k> sItN u ðPaB]sµ½nenARckecjb¤enARckcUlènTYbÍn‘ ]sµn½ eLIgx<s;
x>sm<aFrbs;eRbgrMGli cuHTab¬RtÚvpþl;sBaØamuneBlRbdab;bBaÄb;RKamanGasnñdMeNIrkar¦ .
K> sm<aFrbs;\n§n³EdlpÁtp; Ág;cuHTab
maRta 38 ³ karRtÜtBinitüsuvtßiPaBrbs;TYrb‘Ín]sµ½n
edIm,IFananUvsuvtßiPaBkñúgkardMeNIrkarTYrb‘ÍncMhay Gñkkan;GaCJab½NÑEdlmanEpnkartemøgI
TYrb‘nÍ ]sµ½nenAkñgú RBHraCaNacRkkm<Cú a RtÚvdak;nUvKMnUsbøg; nigTinnñ ½y Tak;TgnwgTYrb‘nÍ ]sµ½n
EdlRtÚvtemøIgtamcMNucdUcxageRkam edIm,I[GaCJaFrGKÁisnIkm<úCakm<Cú aeFVIkarBinitüepÞógpÞat;CamYy
l½kçx½NÐsvu tßiPaB EdlEcgkñúgsþg;daenH ³
k> bnÞb;cMehH
x> karerobcMtemøIgbMBg;P¢ab;CamYyTYbÍn‘ ¬rYmbBa¨ÚlTaMgRbB½n§eRbg\n§n³ RbB½n§eRbgrMGil
nigRbB½n§TwkRtCak;¦
K> Bt’manepSg²eTot ¬RbePTTYbn‘Í GanuPaBnigel,ÒnrgVli TYrb‘nÍ sItN u ðPaBnigsm<aF-]sµn½
enARckcUlnigRckecjTYbn‘Í l½kçx½NÐmCÄdæanCMvu ji karpþl;esva\n§n³ nigeRbgrMGil¦
X> yfaRbePTvtßúFatuénsmaFatusxM an;²
g> karerobcMTUeTA
c> düaRkamRbB½n§RtÜtBinitü
q> RBwtþbi RtKNnarMj½rsøabTYb‘Ín
maRta 39 ³ l½kçx½NÐsRmab;TYrb‘Ín]sµ½neRbIkMedAsl;mþgeTot
TYbÍn‘ ]sµn½ eRbIkMedAsl;mþgeTot nigeRKOgbnÞab;bnSMrbs;va RtÚverobcM plit sagsg;
nigdMeNIrkar Rsbtaml½kçx½NÐEdlmanEcgenakñúgCMBkU enHEdr .
176
CMBUk 5
177
meFüa)ayplitGKÁisnIedaym:asuIncMehHkñúg KWCameFüa)aymYyEdlehSenra:T½rGKÁisnI RtÚv)an

bgVli edaym:asunI cMehHkñgú edIm,IbegáItGKÁs
i nI . m:asunI cMehHkñgú KWCam:asuInEdlkñgú enaH\n§n³
RtÚv)an)aj;layCamYyxül; nigdut[eqHenAkñgú kEnøgbiTCitmYy ehAfabnÞb;cMehH . cMehHénl,ay
\n§n³CamYyxül;enH enAkñgú bnÞbc; MehHenH begátI Ca]sµn½ EdlmansItuNðPaB nigsm<aFx<s;ruj
Epñkclkrrbs;m:asunI dUcCa BIsgþú r:UTr½ .l. [eFVcI lna .
EpñksMxan;²énm:asunI cMehHkñgú EdlRtÚv)anbBaØtieþ dayl½kçx½NÐenAkñúgCMBUkenH mandUcxageRkam³
- m:asuInpÞal;
- ):adag
- Rbdab;RKb;RKgel,Ón
- Rbdab;bBaÄb; nigpþl;sBaØaRKaGasnñ
- Rbdab;karBarkarelIssm<aF
- RbB½nR§ tÜtemIl nigpþl;sBaØa
EpñkTaMgLayrbs;m:asunI cMehHkñgú Edlrgsm<aF dUcCasIuLaMg bnÞb; cMehH nigbMBg;epSg²

RtÚveFVIBvI tßúFatu EdlmankmøaMgemkanicRKb;RKan; dUcCa manmuxtMNCab;maMl¥ GacFn;nwgTMnaj)anl¥
mingayeRbH sVti rwg nigmanlkçN³emkanicdéTeTotl¥ nigmanlMnwgKImIRKb;RKan; dUcCa
manPaBFn;nwgeRcHsulI ¥ manPaBFn;nwgkarkMedAl¥ nigmanlkçN³KImIdéTeTot enAeRkamsItuNðPaB
nigsm<aFeFIkV arGtibrma .
kMritlkçN³énvtßúFatu RtÚveFVIkareRCIserIs[RsbeTAnwgl½kçx½NÐCak;EsþgénkareRbIR)as; .
rcnasm<n½ §rbs;m:asunI cMehHkñgú RtÚvmankMlaMgemkanicrwgmaMRKb;RKan; dUcCa manmuxtMN

Cab;maMl¥ GacFn;nwgTMnaj)anl¥ mingayeRbH sVit rwg nigmanlkçN³emkanicdéTeTotl¥
eTaHkñúgeBldMeNIrkarkñúgel,ÒgmYyEdlTYbn‘Í ]sµ½n)anrt;dl; enAeBlRbdab;bBa¢ael,ÒnRKamanGasnñ
178
eFVIskmµPaBk¾eday . eTaHCael,ÓnrgVli rbs;m:asuIncMehHkñúgrt;elIsBIel,ÓnrgViledIm edayehtupl
NamYy nigeTaHCaenAeBlRbdab;bBa¢ael,ÓnRKamanGasnñeFVIskmµPaBk¾eday m:asIunminRtÚvTTYlrg
nUvkarxUcxateLIy .
EpñkrgsMBaF nigeRKÓgbnÞab;bnSMrbs;ma:sunI cMehHkñúg RtÚvmankMritsuvtßiPaBRKb;RKan;Tb;Tl;
nwgPaBtantwgGtibrma eRkamsItuNðPaB nigsm<aFeFVIkarGtibrma . kñúgkrNIenH PaBtantwg
minRtÚvelIsBIPaBtantwgGnuBaØat)anrbs;vtßúFatuenaHeT .
edIm,I[Epñkrgsm<aF nigeRKÓgbnÞab;bnSMrbs;vaenHman :kMritsuvtßiPaBRKb;RKan; : EpñkTaMgenH

RtÚvbMeBjnUvl½kçx½NÐ dUcxageRkam ³
k> bnÞb;cMehH nigbMBg;rbs;ma:snIu cMehHkñgú nigeRKÓgbrikçabnÞab;bnSMrbs;va RtÚveqøy
I tbeTA
nwgkartRmÚvénPaBCab;l¥énmuxtMN eqøIytbeTAnwgkMlaMgTaj mingayeRbH RsaM sVit
maMl¥ niglkçN³déTeTot .
x> ma:suIncMehHkñúg nigeRKÓgbrikçabnÞab;bnSMrbs;va RtÚveqøyI tbeTAnwgkartRmÚv Tb;Tl;nwg
eRcHsuI nigkarswk RbsinebIcaM)ac; .
K> Epñkrgsm<aFTaMgLayénma:sInu cMehHkñgú nigeRKÓgbrikçabnÞab;bnSMrbs;va RtÚvEtman
smtßPaBFn;nwgkareFVIetsþGIuRdÚsaþ TicedaykareRbIR)as;sm<aFTwk 1>5dg énsm<aFTwk
eFVIkarGtibrmaEdlGnuBaØat edayKµankarelcRCab .
X> b:Eu nþeTaHCay:agenHk¾eday kareFVIetsþedaysm<aFTwknwgBMcu aM)ac;eTsRmab; ³
¬1¦ tYma:sunI cMehHkñúgEdlmanrcnasm<n½ § nigl½kçx½NÐvtßúFatudUctYm:asuInEdl)aneFVI
etsþ CamYysm<aFTwkTTYl)aneCaKC½yrYcehIy .
¬2¦ ma:suIncMehHkñúg EdlmankarGHGagCaRTwseþI daykarKNnakMlaMgemkanicrbs;va
eXIjfavamankMlaMgemkanicRKb;RKan;Tl;ngw sm<aFTwkesµInwg 1/5dg énsm<aF
eFVIkarGtibrma .
)a:dagrbs;ma:sunI cMehHkñúgRtÚvmanrcnasm½n< §EdlGacRTbnÞkú )anedaysßirPaBkñgú eBldMeNIrkar
ehIyminRtÚvqab;skw ric nigxUcRTg;RTayxusRbRktI RBmTaMgekþAhYskMNt;enaHeT .
sMrab;)a:dagEdleRbIRbB½n§eRbgrMGli edIm,Ibgáa)a:dagmin[qab;skw ric nigxUcRTg;RTayxusRbRktI
RBmTaMgekþAhYskMNt; RtÚvpþl;nUvl½kçxN ½ ÐdUcxageRkam ³
179
k> m:UT½rbUmeRbgrMGilemRtÚvmansmtßPaBpÁt;pÁg;eRbgrMGli [)anRKb;RKan;[m:asInu kñúgl½kçx½NÐ
Fmµta .
x> Fugsþkú eRbgrMGiltÚvmansmtßPaBsþúkbrimaNeRbgrMGilEdlRtÚvkarcaM)ac; sRmab;kar
dMeNIrkarm:asInu .
K> RtÚvmaneRKÓgRbdab;EdlGacmansmtßPaBeFVIkarsm¥ateRbgrMGli ¬tRmgeRbgEdlman
smtßPaBsm¥ateRbgrMGil KWGacCaeRKÓgRbdab;mYyéneRKÓgRbdab;enH¦ .
X> RtÚvmaneRKÓgRbdab;EdlGacRKb;RKgsItuNðPaBrbs;eRbgrMGli ¬Rbdab;eFV[I RtCak;eRbg
edIm,IRKb;RKgsItuNðPaBrbs;eRbg EdlGacCaRbdab;bBa¢aedays½y V Rbvtþ b¤bBa¢a
edayéd KWGacCaeRKÓgRbdab;mYyéneRKÓgRbdab;enH¦ .
)a:dagEdlminmanRbB½n§eRbgrMGli k¾cat;Tku faGaceRbIR)as;)anEdr RbsinebIlkçN³bec©keTs
emkanicrbs;)a:dagenaHmankarbBa¢ak;Psþútagfa manlkçN³RKb;RKan;eqøy I tbnwgkMritsuvtßiPaB .
m:;asInu cMehHkñgú RtÚvEtbMBak;Rbdab;EktRmÚvedaysV½yRbvtiþnUv\n§n³cUleTAkñgú m:asIun edIm,IrkSa
el,Ón nigfamBlbeBa©jrbs;va[efr kMu[mankarERbRbÜlCabnþbnÞab;eTaHCakñgú krNImankarpøas;bÚrþ
l½kçx½NbÐ nÞkú k¾eday . Rbdab;enH ehAfaRbdab;RKb;RKgel,Ón¬Rbdab;bBa¢ael,Ón¦ .
Rbdab;bBa¢ael,Ón RtÚvmansmtßPaBTb;saá t;el,ÓnrgVil nigGnuPaBbeBa©jrbs;m:asunI kuM[man
karERbRbÜl kñúgkrNImankarpøas;bÚrþ bnÞúk . el,ÓnrgVilGtibrmaRtÚvRKb;RKgy:agNa [TabCag
el,ÓnenAeBlRbdab;bBa¢ael,ÓnRKamanGasnñeFVs I kmµPaBeTaHbICaeBlbnÞkú edImRtÚv)ankat;pþac;k¾eday.
edIm,IecosvagkarxUcxatekIteLIgedayel,ÓnhYskMNt; b¤l½kçx½NÐminRbRktIepSgeTot kñúgeBl
dMeNIrkarma:sInu cMehHkñgú RtÚvmanbMBak;nUvRbdab;bBaÄb;m:asuInRKaGasnñedaysVy½ Rbvtþi Rbdab;bBaÄb;
m:asuInRKaGasnñedayéd nigRbdab;pþl;sBaØa[dwgRKaGasnñ . Rbdab;bBaÄb;m:asunI RKaGasnñbBaÄb;
lMhrU én\n§n³eTAkñúgm:asuInedays½y V Rbvtþi . enAeBlRbdab;bBaÄb;m:asunI RKaGasnñxagelI RtÚv)an
bBa¢a[eFVIskmµPaBsBaØabBaÄb;RKamanGasnñRtÚvEteFVIskmµPaBeLIgEdr . :el,ÓnhYskMNt; : kñúg
maRtaenHmann½yfa KWCasßanPaBmYyEdlel,Ónrbs;ma:sunI cMehHkñúg)anekIneLIgelIsBIel,ÓnrgViledIm
kMNt;rbs;m:asunI . l½kçx½NÐminRbRktIdéTeTot : kñúgmaRtaenHmann½yfa KWCasßanPaBmYyEdl
mankareLIgsItN u ðPaBRbB½n§TwkRtCak;hYskMrit nigkarbBaÄb;karpÁt;pÁg;Tkw RtCak;CayfaehtuCaedIm .
180
ma:suIncMehHkñúgTaMgGs; elIkElgEtma:suIncMehHkñúgEdlmanGanuPaBbeBa©jminelIsBI 3000
KILvÚ :at; RtÚvmanbMBak;nUvRbdab;RKb;RKgel,ÓnRKaGasnñ EdlRtÚveFVs I kmµPaBpþl;sBaØa[bBaÄb;m:asunI
enAeBlel,ÓnekIneLIgminelIsBI 1>16 dg énel,ÓnedImEdl)ankMNt; .
ma:suIncMehHkñúgTaMgGs; elIkElgEtma:suIncMehHkñúgEdlmanGanuPaBbeBa©jminelIsBI 3000

KILvÚ :at; RtÚvmanbMBak;nUvRbdab;EdlGackat;pþac;lMhUréneRbg\n§n³edaysVy ½ Rbvtþi kñúgkrNIEdl
sItN u ðPaBTwkRtCak;eLIgxusRbRktI b¤k¾karpÁt;pÁg;Tkw RtCak;[m:asunI )anbBaÄb; .
ma:suIn nigeRKÓgbnÞab;bnSMrbs;vaEdlGacrgsm<aFelIsRtÚvEtbMBak;nUvRbdab;karBarsm<aFelIs
edIm,Ibn§Úrsm<aFdUcCav:al;biTebIkbnßysMBaFEdlmansmtßPaBsmRsbedIm,IbgáakarelIssm<aF nigRtÚv
eFVs
I kmµPaB enAkMritsm<aFmYyEdlenATabCagsm<aFGtibrmaenAeLIy .
:m:asunI nigeRKÓgbnÞab;bnSMrbs;vaEdlGacrgsm<aFelIs : mann½yfa KWCaEpñkTaMgLay
dUcxageRkam ³
k> sIuLaMgEdlmanviCÄmaRtelIsBI 230 mIlIEm:Rt nigsm<aFGnuBaØatGtibrmaelIsBI 3>4
emhÁa)a:sáal; ¬elIkElgEtm:asInu edIreday\n§n³]sµ½n¦ .
x> suILaMgEdlmanKMrbbiTCit manviCÄmaRtelIsBI 250 mIlIEm:Rt .
maRta 47 ³ RbB½n§RtÜtemIlnigpþl;sBaØa
ma:suIncMehHkñúgRtÚvEtbMBak;nUvRbB½n§RtÜtemIlcaM)ac;edIm,IRtÜtemIll½kçx½NÐdMeNIrkar nigbMBak;nUv
RbB½np§ þl;sBaØacaM)ac;edIm,IkarBarkarxUcma:sunI nigeRKÓgbnÞab;bnSMrbs;vakñgú eBldMeNIrkar .
RbB½nR§ tÜtemIlrbs;m:asunI cMehHkñgú RtÚvGacRtÜtemIlTinñn½ydUcxageRkam ³
k> el,ÓnrgVli énma:suIncMehHkñúg
x> sItN u ðPaBTwkRtCak;enARckecjénma:suIncMehHkñúg
K> sm<aFeRbgrMGilenARckcUlénma:sunI cMehHkñgú
X> sItN u ðPaBeRbgrMGli enARckecjénma:suIncMehHkñúg .
181
CMBUk 6
182
ehSeNr:aT½rsRmab;meFüa)ayplitGKÁisnIeday]NðRtÚvbMBak;nUvRbdab;karBarTl;nwgeRKaHfñak;
edaycrnþelIs .
ehSeNr:aT½rsRmab;meFüa)ayplitGKÁisnIeday]Nð k¾RtÚvbMBak;nUvRbdab;EdlGackat;pþac;
ehSeNra:Tr½ edaysVy½ RbvtþiecjBIExSbNþajGKÁisnI enAeBl ³
k> ekItmankarelIscrnþ
x> karxUcxagkñgú ehSeNr:aT½r dUcCakarqøgeTAdI b¤karqøgExSénrbus M aþ T½rrbs;ehSeNr:aT½r
EdlmanGanuPaB 3/000 kaev:Ga b¤eRcInCag ekIteLIg
K> )a:dagRTènTYrb‘ÍnEdlmanGanuPaBedIm 3/000 KILvÚ :at; b¤FMCag xUcF¶n;F¶r ehIymaneLIg
sItN
u ðPaBrbs;)a:dagy:agxøaMg .
brikçaGKÁs
i nIEdlRtÚvtemøIgenAkñgú eragcRkplitGKÁs
i nIeday]Nð RtÚverobcM nigsagsg;eLIg
y:agNaEdlrcnasm<½nr§ bs;vaGnuBaØat[eKdMeNIrkar RtÜtBinitü nigeFVkI arerI nigCYsCul)anRsÜl .
ExSkabEdleRbIenAkñgú eragcRkplitGKÁs
i nIeday]Nð RtÚvtemøIgy:agNaedIm,I[lkçN³edImén
PaBFn;nwgkareqHrbs;va enArkSadEdlmincuHfy .
kñúgkrNIEdlExSkabRtÚvtemøIgenATIkEnøgeRKaHfñak;EdlGacRbQmnwgGKÁPi ½y b¤karpÞúH enAeBl

mankarxUcEpñkGKÁs
i nI RtÚverobcMnUvviFankarN_karBarTl;nwgeRKaHfñak;enH[)ansmRsb .
ExSkab nigExSGKÁs
i nITaMgLay RtÚveFVIkartemøIg nigRTvay:agNa EdlvaminGacmankar
xUcxatedaytMNwgemkanicNamYy .
RbB½ne§ FVI[RtCak;eRbIGIRu dÚEhSnRtÚv)aneKeRbIR)as;sRmab;ehSeNra:T½rEdlmanGnuPaBFM² .

ehSeNra:T½rrebobenHmanbBa©ÚlGuRI dÚEhSneTAkñgú ehSeNr:aT½redIm,IeFV[I RtCak;rbuTM aMgGs;rbs;ehSeNr:aT½r.
183
edaysarGuIRdÚEhSnpÞúHRbsinebIvalayCamYyxül; dUecñHsRmab;ehSeNr:aT½rEdlmanRbB½n§eFV[I RtCak;
eRbIGRuI dÚEhSn RtÚverobcMnUvviFankarN_dUcxageRkamedIm,ITb;Tl;nwgkarpÞúH ³
1> ehSeNr:aT½rRtÚvmanTMrg;sMNg;ya: gNa kuM[manelcGuIRdÚEhSnecjeRkA nigkuM[manRCabxül
cUleTAkñgú .
2> rcnasm<n½ rbs;ehSeNr:aT½rRtÚvmankmøaMgemkanicRKb;RKan;¬Fn;nwgkarpÞHú ¦edIm,ITb;Tl;nwgsm<aF
EdlbegátI eLIgedaykarpÞúHrbs;GRuI dÚEhSn .
3> ehSeNr:aT½rRtÚvbMBak;nUvRbdab;pþl;sBaØaEdlnwgeFVs I kmµPaB[CasBaØaenAeBlEdlPaBsuT§
rbs;GRuI dÚEhSnfycuHdl; 85° b¤tci Cag . elIsBIenH Rbdab;enHRtÚv[sBaØapgEdr
enAeBlEdlsm<aF nig¼b¤stI N u ðPaB énGuRI dÚEhSn ERbRbÜlxøaMg .
4> bMBg; nigva:l;EdlmanbBa©ÚlGuIRdÚEhSn RtÚvmanrcnasm<½n§edIm,IbgáakarelcGuRI dÚEhSn .
bMBg;TaMgenHRtÚvCabMBg;sa< n; b¤bMBg;EdkEdlBuMmanpSart .
5> enAeBlEdlGuIRdÚEhSnelcecjtamdgbgVli rbs;ehSeNr:aT½r RtÚvbBaÄb;karelcenHPøam
ehIy]sµn½ elcecjenHRtÚvbn§ÚrecaleTAeRkAedaysuvtßiPaB .
RbB½nb§ Ba¢asRmab;ehSeNr:aT½rRtÚvP¢ab;bBa©ÚlKña nigTMnak;TnM gKñaeTAvijeTAmkedIm,IRKb;RKg

ehSeNr:aT½r [)anRtwmRtÚv nigsuvtßiPaB .
RtÚvmanbMBak;nvU Rbdab;pþl;Bt’man edIm,I[)andwgGMBIsßanPaBminRbRktIèndMeNIrkarrbs;

ehSeNr:aT½r nigRtÚvbMBak;CamYyRbdab;pþac;RKaGasnñEdlcaM)ac;edIm,IFanamin[mankarxUcxatbrikça
nigsuvtßiPaBéneragcRkGKÁs i nITaMgmUl . Rbdab;pþl;Bt’man nigRbdab;pþac;RKaGasnñ RtÚvdMeNIrkar
tamry³]bkrN_edayELkrbs;xnøÜ .
RbB½nb§ Ba¢aRtÚvmanRbdab;dak;dMeNIrkar nigbBaÄb;ehSeNr:aT½r . eragcRk]NðGKis Á nI
rYmTaMgehSeNr:aT½rRtÚvGacdak;[dMeNIrkar nigbBaÄb;edayédBITrU bBa¢a nigedaysVy
½ Rbvtþitamry³
kmµviFeI dayELkbnþbnÞab;Kña .
184
CMBUk 7
Gnþrb,BaØtþi
185
l½kçx½NÐenAkñúgCMBUkenH KWCal½kçx½NÐGb,rma nigsMrab;GnuvtþcMeBaHmeFüa)ayplitkmµ rbs;Gñk
kan;GaCJab½NÑFuntUc nigFunmFümCabeNþaHGasnñ enAeBlEdlmeFüa)ayplitkmµrbs;Gkñ TaMgenaH
zitenAkñúgdMNak;kalGnþrkal tamsßanPaBEdlkMBugmannaeBlbc©úb,nñenAkm<úCa . l½kçx½NÐTaMgenH
nwgRtÚvlb;ecalvijenAeBlGnaKt edayRksYg]sSahkmµ Er: nigfamBl enAeBlEdlmeFüa)ay
plitkmµrbs;Gkñ kan;GaCJab½NÑkgñú RbeTskm<úCaqøgputdMNak;kalGnþrkal .
Gñkkan;GaCJab½NÑFuntUc : mann½yfa Gñkkan;GaCJab½NÑTaMgLayNa EdlmanmeFüa)ay
plitkmµGKis Á nItUcCag 500KILÚva: t; .
:Gñkkan;GaCJab½NÑFunmFüm : mann½yfa Gñkkan;GaCJab½NÑTaMgLayNaEdlmanmeFüa)ay
plitkmµGKisÁ nIcab;BI 500KILvÚ :at; dl; 3/000KILÚv:at; .
l½kçx½NÐGb,brma sRmab;GnuvtþcMeBaHmeFüa)ayplitkmµrbs;Gñkkan;GaCJab½NÑFuntUc nigFunmFüm

CabeNþaHGasnñ manEcgkñgmaRtaCabnþbnÞab;xageRkam kñgú CMBUkenH .
edIm,IbgáaeRKaHmhnþrayGKÁisnI RKb;meFüa)ayplitGKÁisnIrbs;Gkñ kan;GaCJab½NÑFuntUc
nigFunmFüm EdlmanlkçN³CabeNþaHGasnñbc©bú ,nñ RtÚveKarBya:gehacNas;taml½kçx½NÐGb,brma
dUcxageRkam ³
-RtÚvtemøIgDIsüúgT½rsRmab;m:asInu ePøIgnImYy²
-ExScMlgRsatRtÚv)anGnuBaØat[eRbIEtenAeBlNaEdltemøIgenAkñgú RbGb; b¤TUrbiTCit
-kaMbti pþac;P¢ab;EdlKµanKMrb RtÚv)anGnuBaØat[eRbIEtenAeBlNaEdlkaMbti enH temøIgenAkñgú
RbGb; b¤TUrbiTCit
-ExScMlgnImYy²RtÚvmanbg;elxsMKal;
-]bkrN_sPM ar³GKiÁsnInImYy²RtÚvP¢ab;CamYynwgExSdI[)anRtwmRtÚv¬maRta11én :llsbG :
-ral;ExScMlg nigExSRtÜtBinitüTaMgGs;enAkñgú eragm:asInu RtÚvtemøIgkñgú bMBg; b¤elIeFñITRm.
edIm,Ibgáarku[M maneRKaHfñak;dl;Gkñ TI3 RKb;meFüa)ayplitGKÁs

i nIrbs;Gñkkan;GaCJab½NÑFuntUc
nigFunmFüm EdlmanlkçN³CabeNþaHGasnñbc©bú ,nñ RtÚveKarBya:gehacNas;taml½kçx½NÐGb,brma
dUcxageRkam ³
186
- RtÚvman :vFi ankarsmRsb : edIm,ITb;sáat;CnTI3 min[cUleTAkñgú brievNmeFüa)ay
eFVIesvakmµGKiÁsnI edayRtÚvsagsg;rbg b¤CBa¢aMgB½n§CvMu ji .
- pøÚvcUleTAkñgú brievNxagelI Edlmanrbg b¤CBa¢aMgRtÚvcak;esar
- enAmat;RckcUlbrievNmeFüa)ayeFVIesvakmµGKis Á nIRtÚvmandak;bgðaj :sBaØahamXat; :
- brievNénmeFüa)ayplitkmµGKiÁsnIRtÚvs¥atCanic©
- EpñkrgVil nigEpñkdMeNIrkarTaMgGs;RtÚvmanKMrbkarBar edIm,IeCosvageRKaHfñak;NamYy
ekIteLIg
- minGnuBaØat[eRbIm:asInu ePøIgEdleRbIRbB½n§ExSBanGUsDINam:UeLIy .

edIm,IsuvtßiPaBkñúgkareRbIR)as;\n§n³ nigsMPar³KImI RKb;meFüa)ayplitGKÁs i nIrbs;Gñkkan;
GaCJab½NÑFuntUc nigFunmFüm EdlmanlkçN³CabeNþaHGasnñbc©úb,nñ RtÚvmanviFankarN_
dUcxageRkam ³
-RbB½nk§ arBarGKiPÁ ½y b¤]bkrN_BnøtG; KiPÁ ½yRtÚvmanbMrugEk,rkEnøgsþúkeRbg\n§n³
-FugeRbgRtÚvtemøIgy:agehacNas;manKMlat 1Em:Rt BI]bkrN_brikçaGKis Á nI
-FugeRbgRtÚvtemøIg[Cab;my Y kEnøg nigBMuRtÚvdak;sMPar³EdlGaceqHticCag 1Em:Rt BIFgu
enHeLIy
-bMBg;EpSgbeBa©jBIm:asInu ePøIgRtÚvmankMBs;y:agehacNas; 2Em:Rt BIépÞxagdIeRkA
eragm:asInu ePøIg
-RtÚvbMBak;sPM ar³karBarelIbBM g;EpSg b¤ EpñkekþAénm:asIun .
-RtÚvmanviFankarTb;saá t;seM lgm:asInu ePøIgenAkñúgtMbn;lMenAdæan ¬eyagc,ab;Bak;Bn½ §nana¦ .
taragTI 3 viFankarTb;sáat;nwgsMelgrbs;meFüa)ayplitkmµGKiÁsnI
krNIdMeNIrkar viFankarTb;sáat;
cenøaHeBldMeNIrkar ¬elIkElgeBlyb;¦ ------
dMeNIrkar 24em:ag meFüa)ayplitkmµRtÚvsg;CBa¢aMgbiT b¤temøIgkñgú GaKar
¬rYmbBa©lÚ TaMgeBlyb;¦
-minRtÚvecalkaksMNl;eRbgeTAelIdIedaypÞal;eLIy edIm,IbgáarPaBRkxVk;dI nigkarBarTwkGNþÚg
187
1> ]bkrN_RtÜtemIl
ehSenra:T½r nigmeFüa)ayplitkmµRtÚvbMBak;nUv]bkrN_RtÜtemIl dUcxageRkam ³
k> v:lu Em:RtDINam:U
x> GaMEBrEm:RtDINam:U
K> eRhVkg;Em:RtDINam:U
X> naLikasÞg;kt;RtafamBlGKiÁsnI ¬KILÚva: t;em:ag¦
g> naLikasÞg;kt;RtaGanuPaBbeBa©jedayDINam:U ¬KILvÚ :at;¦
c> Rbdab;vas;kMriteRbg ¬b¤naLikasÞg;vas;lMhrU eRbg¦
C> naLikasÞg;vas;sMBaFeRbgrbs;m:asIun
Q> naLikasÞg;vas;sItuNðPaBeRbgrbs;m:asInu ¬RbsinebIman¦
j> naLikasÞg;vas;sItuNðPaBRbB½n§Tkw RtCak; ¬RbsinebIman¦
2> l½kçx½NÐkt;Rta nigkarEfTaMmeFüa)ayplitkmµ
- RtÚvkt;RtaTinñn½ydMeNIrkarRbcaMéf¶ dUcCa famBlplit ¬KILvÚ :at;em:ag¦ tg;süúg
eRhVkg; eBldMeNIrkar nigTinnñ ½yTaMgGs;rbs;]bkrN_
- RtÚveFVIEpnkarry³eBldMeNIrkar nigGnuvtþkmµvFi IEfTaMCs
Y CulFMrbs;m:asIun
- RtÚveFVIkarkt;RtaBIskmµPaBEfTaMCYsCul rYmTaMgEpñkEdl)anpøas;bþÚr nigcMNucRtÜtBinitü .
3> l½kçx½NÐraykarN_
r)aykarN_dUcxageRkam RtÚvepJ[I GaCJaFrGKis Á nIkm<Cú a nigcmøgCUnRksYg]sSahkmµ Er:
nigfamBl Caerogral;qañ M .
k> karkt;RtasþIBkI ardMeNIrkar
x> karkt;RtasþIBkI arEfTaM
K> karkt;RtasþIBrI al;bBaðaekItmaneLIg
RbsinebImanbBaða b¤eRKaHfñak;Tak;TgnwgmeFüa)ayplitkmµGKiÁsnI Gñkkan;GaCJab½NÑRtÚvray
karN_[GaCJaFrGKis Á nIkm<Cú aPøamedayKµanBnüaeBl .
maRta 59 ³ karbNþúHbNþalEpñkbec©keTsnigsuvtþiPaB
:Gkñ kan;GaCJab½NÑFuntUc nigFunmFüm : nig¼b¤buKlÁ ikbec©keTsEdldak;[dMeNIrkar b¤EfTaM
meFüa)ayeFVeI svakmµrbs;xønÜ RtÚvqøgkat;salabNþHú bNþal b¤vKÁsikSaEpñkbec©keTs nigsuvtßiPaB
EdlTTYlsÁal;edayRksYg]sSahkmµ Er: nigfamBl b¤GaCJaFrGKiÁsnIkm<úCa . karbNþHú bNþal
Epñkbec©keTsRtÚvpþl;karbNþHú bNþaleLIgvijkñúgry³eBl 3 qñaMmþg b¤ticCagenH .
188
189
karBnül;lMGit
énsþg;dabec©keTsGKÁisnI
1- karBnül;lMGiténsþg;dabec©keTsGKÁisnI
sRmab;meFüa)aybBa¢Ún nigEckcay
2- karBnül;lMGiténsþg;dabec©keTsGKÁisnI
RksYg]sSahkmµ Er: nigfamBl

Exkkáda qñaM 2007
189
190
191
karBnül;lMGitsþg;dabec©keTsGKÁisnI
sRmab;meFüa)aybBa¢Ún nigEckcay
192
matika
CMBUk 1
esckþIepþIm
maRta 1 ³ niymn½y
maRta 2 ³ eKalbMNg
maRta 3 ³ visalPaB
CMBUk 2
bBaØtþiTUeTAsRmab;meFüa)aybBa¢Ún nigEckcayGKÁisnI
EpñkTI 1
bBaØtþiTUeTA
193
EpñkTI2
karP¢ab;ExSdI
maRta 22 ³ karP¢ab;ExSdIsRmab;ExSbNþajGKÁisnI
tg;süúgTab
EpñkTI3
ExScmøg
maRta 28 ³ kareRbIR)as;Ek,rKña nigkareRbIR)as;rYmKñaénbNþajGKÁisnI b£bNþaj
KmnaKmn_
194
CMBUk 3
maRta 32 ³ kareRKagRbdab;RTsRmab;ExScmøg nig¼b¤sRmab;ExSdIénExSbNþaj
Gakastg;süúgx<s;
b¤edImeQI
maRta 38 ³ karbgáarcMeBaHeRKaHfñak; nigkarrMxanBIGaMgDucsüúgeGLicRtÚsþaTic nig
GaMgDucsüúgeGLicRtÚma:ejTic
CMBUk 4
meFüa)ayEckcaytg;süúgmFüm nigtg;süúgTab
maRta 41 ³ ExSbNþajGakastg;süúgmFüm nigtg;süúgTab
195
(SWER)
maRta 47 ³KmøatrvagExSbNþajGakastg;süúgmFüm nigtg;süúgTab nigvtßú
déTeTot
maRta 48 ³lkç½x½NÐenACitKña nigkat;ExVgKñaénExSbNþajGakastg;süúgmFüm
nigtg;süúgTab
196
CMBUk 1
esckþIepþIm
maRta 1 ³ niymn½y
197
maRta 2 ³ eKalbMNg
maRta 3 ³ visalPaB
<IEC>
KNkmµkarbec©keTsGKÁisnIGnþrCati (IEC) KWCaGgÁkarsþg;daGnþrCatielIEpñkGKÁisnI nigeGLikRtUniknig
bec©kviTüaTak;Tgnana . sþg;daxøH)anbegáIteLIgrYmKñaCamYyGgákarGnþrCatisRmab;kargarsþg;da (ISO).
KNkmµkarbec©keTsGKÁisnIGnþrCati (IEC))anRkesabykEpñkbec¢keTsGKÁisnITaMgGs;edayrab;bBa©Úl
TaMgkarplit nigEckcayfamBl/ eGLikRtUnik/ m:aej:Tik nigeGLikRtUm:aej:Tik/ eGLikRtU
Gak;KUsÞik/ karpSBVpSayB’tman nigTUrKmnaKmn_ k¾dUcCak,Ünc,ab;TUeTA dUcCaRbCuMs½BÞbec©keTs
nignimitþsBaØa/ PaBRtUvKñaéneGLikRtUm:aej:Tik/ viFankarN_ nigkarGnuvtþn_/ PaBTukTukcitþ)an/
karerobcM nigGPivDÆn_/ suvtßiPaB nigbrisßan .
bc©úb,nñKNkmµkarbec©keTsGKÁisnIGnþrCati (IEC) KWCaGgÁkarGnþrCatiQanmuxenAelIBiPBelakenAkñúg
Epñkrbs;xøÜn nigsþg;darrbs;xøÜn EdlRtUv)anGnum½tCasþg;daCatiedaysmaCikrbs;xøÜn . kic©karenH
RtUv)aneFVIeLIgedayGñkCMnajEpñkGKÁisnI nigEpñkeGLikRtUnik Cag10/000 nak; EdlmkBI]sSahkmµ/
rdæaPi)al/ bNÐitsPa/ mnÞIBiesaFn_ nigEpñkepSg²eTotEdlmansar³RbeyaCn_enAkñúgeKalbMNgenH.
<ISO>
GgákarGnþrCatisRmab;kargarsþg;da (ISO) KWCaGgákarEdlkMNt;sþg;daGnþrCati begáIteLIgeday
tMNagmkBIGgákarsþg;daCati . GgÁkarenH)anbegáItenAéf¶TI23 ExkumÖ³ qñaM1947 sRmab;begáItnUv
sþg;da]sSahkmµ nigesdækic©enAelIBiPBelak EdlehAfa GgákarGnþrCatisRmab;kargarsþg;da
(ISO) .
eBlEdlGgákarGnþrCatisRmab;kargarsþg;da (ISO) kMNt;xøÜnÉgfaCaGgÁkareRkArdæaPi)al (NGO)

manlT§PaBbegáItsþg;da EdlCaerOy²)ankøayCac,ab;tamsT§isBaØa b¤sþg;daCati edIm,IeFVI[kan;Et
manGMNacCagGgÁkareRkArdæaPi)al nigeFVIskmµPaBCashKmn_EdlmanTMnak;TMngy:agxøaMg CamYy
rdæaPi)al . GñkcUlrYmTaMgGs; rYmbBa©ÚlTaMgsaCIvkmµsMxan;²TaMgLay b¤y:agehacNas;man
GgÁkarsþg;damYymkBIRbeTsCasmaCiknImYy² .
GgákarGnþrCatisRmab;kargarsþg;da (ISO) shkarN_y:agCitsñiT§CamYyKNkmµkarbec©keTsGKÁisnI
GnþrCati (IEC) EdlTTYlxusRtUvkargarsþg;daelIEpñkbrikçaGKÁisnI .
198
Figure ES4A Authorized Logo of ISO
rUbPaB ES4A nimitþsBaØarbs;GgákarGnþrCatisRmab;kargarsþg;da
maRta 5 ³ RbePTmeFüa)aybBa¢Ún nigEckcayGKÁisnI

199
CMBUk 2
bBaØtþiTUeTA
sRmab;meFüa)aybBa¢Ún
nigEckcayGKÁisnI
200
EpñkTI 1
bBaØtþiTUeTA
karhamXat;temøIgRbdab;kat;pþac;eRbIeRbg
RbsinebI ekIteLIgmankarqøgcrnþenAkñúgRbdab;kat;pþac; Rbdab;pþac; b¤DIsg;T½r EdltemøIg
enAelIbegÁalRTénExSbNþajGKÁisnIGakas edaysarrnÞH)aj; nigbBaðaepSg² karP½yxøacedaysar
karpÞúHeRbgEdleKeRbICaGuIsULg; nigbNþal[maneRKaHfñak;dl;CnTI3 b¤GKarepSg² .
dUecñH Rbdab;kat;pþac; Rbdab;pþac; b¤DIsg;T½r EdleRbIeRbgCaGuIsULg; minGnuBaØat[temøIgenAelI
begÁalRTénExSbNþajGKÁisnIGakaseLIy .
Rbdab;kat;pþac;EdltemøIgenAelIbegÁalRTénExSbNþajGKÁisnIGakas eRbIsuBaØakas eRbIxül;
b¤eRbIhÁas ¬SF ¦ PaKeRcInRtÚv)anGnum½t[eRbI .
6
maRta 8 ³ karkarBareRKaHfñak;EdlbNþalmkBImeFüa)ayGKÁisnI
Gñkkan;GaCJab½NÑmankatBVkic©pÁt;pÁg;GKÁisnICUnGtifiCnrbs;xøÜn[manesßrPaB . mü:ageTot Gñk
kan;GaCJab½NÑKYrBicarNaCaBiess nigRbúgRby½tñGMBIsuvtßiPaBnieyaCit RBmTaMgbuKÁlTI3 pgEdr .
kñúgmaRtaenH TamTar[manviFankarN_suvtßiPaBsRmab;karBareRKaHfñak;dl;nieyaCitrbs;BYkeK .
maneRKaHfñak;epSg²EdlekIteLIgTak;TgnwgmeFüa)ayGKÁisnI dUcCameFüa)ayplitGKÁisnIsßanIy_
EbgEck . Ca]TahrN_ dUcCa ³
- TYb‘Ín nigm:asuInEdlCaEpñkvil nigmanclna
- m:asuInplitGKÁisnI Rtg;sVÚ ]bkrN_kat;pþac; .l. EdlCaEpñkcat;Tukfa maneRKaHfñak;
dl;mnusS edaysartg;süúg .
- sßanIy_varIGKÁisnIEdlmanEpñksuivilFM²CaeRcIn EdlRtÚveFVIkarkarBarkuM[Føak;mkelIbuKÁlik
bMerIkargar .
- GacmanreNþAmYycMnYnenAelIkMral\dækñúgeBlEfTaM nigsagsg;.
dUc)ankt;smÁas;xagelI Gñkkan;GaCJab½NÑRtÚvEtykcitþTukdak;eTAelIbBaðasuvtßiPaBcMeBaH
201
nieyaCitrbs;xøÜn . vamansar³sMxan;Nas; edayminRtwmEteFVIrbg eFVIKMrb nigeFVIkarkarBarelI
meFüa)ayGKÁisnIbu:eNÑaHeT bu:Enþk¾RtÚveFVIkarbNþúHbNþalGMBIsuvtßiPaBdl;nieyaCitrbs;xøÜn nigbegáIt
nUvnItiviFIsþIBIsuvtßiPaBeFVIkargar .
karkarBarGKÁIP½ybNþalmkBIpáaePøIgGKÁisnI
Rbdab;kat;pþac; DIsg;T½r ]bkrN_cab;crnþRcal nig]bkrN_RsedogKñadéTeTot ¬bnÞab;BI
ehAfa Rbdab;kat;pþac; .l. kñúgmaRtaenH¦ sRmab;tg;süúgx<s; b¤tg;süúgmFüm EdlbegáItpáaePøIg
GKÁisnIenAeBldMeNIrkar RtÚvEtdak;[q¶ayBICBa¢aMgeQI b¤BidaneQI b¤vtßúGaceqHepSg²eTot
kñúgcm¶ay 1Em:Rt b¤q¶ayCag sRmab;tg;süúgmFüm nigcm¶ay 2Em:Rt b¤q¶ayCag sRmab;tg;süúgx<s;
tg;süúgmFüm
CBa¢aMgeQI DIsg;T½reRbIeRbg CBa¢aMgeQI

]bkrN_cab;crnþRcal
1m b¤ 1m b¤
eRcInCag eRcInCag
]bkrN_eFVIBIelah³
rUbPaB ES8A kartemøIgRbdab;kat;pþac;sRmab;tg;süúgmFüm ¬]TahrN_¦
maRta 9 ³ suvtßiPaBcMeBaHCnTI 3
1> suvtßiPaBcMeBaHCnTI3 eragcRkGKÁisnI GnusßanIy nigbnÞb;pþac;crnþ
lkçxNÐTUeTAénsþg;dabec©keTs maRta 11 Ecgfa RtÚvcat;viFankard¾smRsbedIm,IbgáaCnTI3
minGaccUlkñúgeragcRkGKÁisnI GnusßanIy nigsßanIyEbgEckGKÁisnI .
enAeBlEdlmnusScUlkñúgeragcRkGKÁisnI GnusßanIy nigsßanIyEbgEckGKÁisnI .l. EdlGac
I
b:HnwgvtßúEdlcrnþqøgkat;dak;enAhalval vaGacbNþal[qk;GKÁisnI nigGacrgeRKaHfñak;edaysar

b:Utg;EsülGKÁisnI . dUecñH RtUveFVIB½TæCMuvijrbg b¤CB¢aaMg edImI,kMueGaymnusScUl .
202
vaküx½NÐenH)anbgðajGMBIkMBs;rbg nigkRmitKnøatrvagrbg nigEpñkmancrnþGKÁisnIqøg .
témøenH eyagtamsþg;da IEC 61936-1 .
bEnßmelIenH RtUvmanpøaksBaØaRBmaneRKaHfñak;enAelImeFüa)ayGKÁisnItg;suügx<s; nigtg;süúg
mFüm nigpøaksBaØahamXat;GñkKµanParkic© nigRtUvmanKnøwHemkanickarkarBarsmRsbedImI,kMueGay
GñkKµanPar³kic©cUledaygayRsYlkñúgtMbn;RbtibtþkarGKÁisnI .
eTaHCaEbbNak¾eday enAeBlEdlmanRcaMgfµecaT b¤RbLayEdlRbCaCnminGaccUl. l.
krNIenHmincaM)ac; eFVIrbg b¤CB¢aMgeT .
tarag ES9A KmøatRBMEdn
KmøatExSGb,brimaeTAdI
tg;süúgNUmINal; [kV] KmøatRBMEdn [mm]
nigGuIsULaT½r N[mm]
22
160kV b¤ticCag CB¢aMg 1,10
115 N+1,000
eRcInCag 160kV
rbg
230 N+1,500 1,900
203
]TahrN_énExSbNþaj 115kV
ExSbNþajGakas
→ eyagtammaRta {kMBs;ExSbNþajGakastg;süúgx<s};
KmøatRBMEdn EpñkmanGKÁisnI
2600mm b¤eRcInCag
rbg
kMBs;rbg
1800mm b¤eRcInCag
EpñkxageRkA
Figure Epñkxagkñ
ES8A Boundary úg
Clearance (Example for 115kV)
rUbPaB ES9A KmøatRBMEdn ¬]TahrN_sRmab;rg;süúg ¦

115kV
2> karTb;sáat;kareLIgbegÁalGKÁisnI
Ca]TahrN_sRmab;karerobcM: “pøaksBaØaRBmaneRKaHfñak;”, “eRKOgbrikçarkarBarmin[eLIg”
nig “CeNþIr” dUcmanbgðajkñúgrUbPaBxageRkam .
cMNucEdlRtUvykcitþTukdak;mandUcxageRkam ³
k- sMrab;mnusSeBjv½y pøaksBaØaeRKaHfñak;caM)ac;RtUvsresr[gayyl;GMBIeRKaHfñak;
GKÁisnI EdlGacekItman .
x- sMrab;mnusSekµgEdlBMuTan;ecHGan RtÚvmanpøaksBaØaRBmaneRKaHfñak;CarUUbPaB edIm,Ikar
BarkuM[eLIgelI .
204
Danger!
Don’t climb!
pøaksBaØaeRKaHfñak;
eRKOgkarBarmin[eLIg
CeNþIrEdk
pøakelx
KµanCeNþIr
rUbPaB ES9B viFankarKMrU karBarmin[eLIgbegÁalGKÁisnI
TisedAExS
c d
]bkrN_karBakareLIg
b a
pøakeRKaHfñak; pøakelx CeNþIrelah³
rUbPaB ES9C karemIlBIelIénbegÁal
205
(*) begÁalRTsRmab;ExSbNþajEckcayGakas man
sar³sMxan;Nas; edIm,ITb;sáat;CnTI3min[eLIg
begÁal nigTTYlrgkarqk;GKÁisnIedaysarkarBüa
yameLIgbegÁalRTedayBI)ak . mü:ageTotvaCakar
cMa)ac;kñúgkareLIgbegÁalRTRbkbedaysuvtßiPaB nig
qab;rh½s enAeBlEdlbuKÁlikeFVIkarEfrTaM ExS CeNþIrelah³ (Scaffold)
bNþajEckcayGakas .
dUecñHeyagtaml½kçx½NÐpÞúyKñaTaMgBIrxagelICeNþIr 1.8m b¤eRcInCag
elah³enAelIbegÁalRT RtUvtemøIg[x<s;Cag 1>8

Em:t BIdI .
rUbPaB ES9D karTb;sáat;kareLIgbegÁalRT
¬]TahrN_¦
1> lkçN³énRbdab;kat;pþac;enAeBlcrnþelIs sRmab;bNþajtg;süúgx<s; nigtg;süúgmFüm
1>1Rbdab;kat;pþac;enAeBlcrnþelIs sRmab;bNþajtg;süúgmFüm
Rbdab;kat;pþac;enAeBlcrnþelIssRmab;bNþajtg;süúgmFüm GacRtÚvEbgEckCa :hVúysuIb :
nig :Rbdab;kat;pþac; :
¬1¦ hVúysuIbtg;süúgmFümrbs;Rtg;sVÚrm:aT½r
RKb;Rtg;sVÚrm:aT½rEckcay RtÚv)ankarBarEpñkbUb‘ÍncUledayeRbIhVúysSIbkat;pþac;Edlman
kmøaMgsmRsb . karkMNt;eBlcrnþqøghVúysuIb pSarP¢ab;eTAnwgkarRtÜtBinitü y:ag
Rby½tñRbEyg edIm,IEktMrUv[RtUv CamYyhVúysuIb nigeRKOgdéTeTot .
206
hVúysuIbkat;pþac;elIbNþajEckcay KWkMNt;kñúg IEC 60282 CahVúysuIbkMNt;crnþ
xøwmsarsegçbén IEC 60282¬2002-01¦ [hVúysuIbkMNt;crnþtg;süúgx<s;] mandUcteTA³
k> niymn½y
dgRThVúyhSIb KWCaEpñkminmanclnaénhVúyhSIbEdlmandgsRmab;RThVúyhSIb .
hVúyhSIbKWCaEpñkTaMgGs;énhVúyhSIb ¬rYmTaMgEpñkrlayrbs;hVúyhSIb¦ EdlRtÚvCMnYsbnÞab;
BIhVúyhSIb)andMeNIrkar.
GRtatg;süúg KWCatg;süúgEdlesµInwgtg;süúgx<s;bMputsRmab;]bkrN_
GRtacrnþéndgRThVúyhSIb KWCacrnþEdlkMNt;sRmab;dgcab;hVúyhSIb EdldgRThVúysuIb
fµImYy nwgRThVúyhSIbCabnþeTotenAkñúgsuItuNðPaBminekInelIskMNt;sMrab;eRbIR)as;enAeBl
dak;dgTRmhVúyhSIbEdlP¢ab;CamYyesoKVIExScmøgkMNt;muxkat; nigRbEvgkñúgsuItuNðPaBxül;
minelIsBII 40 GgSaes .
GRtapþac;crnþrbs;hVúyhSIb KWCacrnþEdlkMNt;sRmab;hVúyhSIb EdlhVúysuIbfµImYyEdl
GacRTRTg;crnþ nwgkMeNInkMedAminelIsBIkMedAkMNt; enAeBldak;hVuúysuIbelIdgRThVúyhSIb
P¢ab;CamYyesoKVIExScmøgEdlmankMNt;muxkat; nigRbEvgExSkñúgsuItuNðPaBxül;minelIsBI 40
GgSaes .
GRtacrnþGtibrmarbs;hVúyhSIb KWCacrnþGtibrmaEdlhVúysuIbmanlT§PaBpþac;crnþkñúgkMrit
tg;süúgkMNt;mYy eRkaml½kçx½NÐeRbIR)as;kMNt; .
x> GRtatg;süúg
GRtatg;süúgrbs;hVúysuIb KYrEteRCIserIseTAtamkRmittg;süúgkñúgtaragxageRkam³
207
tarag ES12A ]TahrN_GRtatg;süúg
es‘rI I ¬KILÚvul: ¦ es‘rI II ¬KILÚvul
: ¦ Terminal
3/6 2/75 ]bkrN_bgðajsBaØa

7/2 5/5
12 8/25 Epñkrlayrbs;hVúysuIb
17/5 15 hVúysuIb
24 15/5 Rkcab;hVúysuIb
36 25/8 Rkcab;hVúysuIb
40/5 38
52 48/3 dgRThVúysuIb
72/5 72/5
rUbPaB ES12A hVúysuIbkRmitcrnþ
K> GRtacrnþéndgRThVúysuIb
GRtacrnþéndgRThVúysuIb KYrEteRCIserIsBItémødUcxageRkam ³
10 GMEBr/ 25 GMEBr/ 63 GMEBr/ 100 GMEBr/ 400 GMEBr/ 630 GMEBr nig
1000 GMEBr .
X> GRtacrnþrbs;hVúysuIb
GRtacrnþCaGMEBrrbs;hVúysuIb KYrEteRCIserIsBItémødUcxageRkam ³
10 GMEBr/ 12 GMEBr/ 12/5 GMEBr/ 14 GMEBr/ 16 GMEBr/ 18 GMEBr/ 20 GMEBr/
22/4 GMEBr/ 25 GMEBr/ 28 GMEBr/ 31/5 GMEBr/ 35/5 GMEBr/ 40 GMEBr/ 45
GMEBr/ 50 GMEBr/ 56 GMEBr/ 63 GMEBr/ 71 GMEBr/ 80 GMEBr/ nig 90 GMEBr .
g> GRtacrnþdac;Gtibrmarbs;hVúysuIb
GRtacrnþdac;Gtibrmarbs;hVúysuIb KYrEteRCIserIsBItémødUcxageRkam ³
10 GMEBr/ 12/5 GMEBr/ 16 GMEBr/ 20 GMEBr/ 25 GMEBr/ 31/5 GMEBr/ 40
GMEBr/ 50 GMEBr/ 63 GMEBr nig 80 GMEBr .
208
¬2¦ Rbdab;kat;pþac;EdlRtÚvtemøIgenAcMNucecjénbnÞb;ePøIg
Rbdab;kat;pþac;EdlRtÚvtemøIgenAcMNucecjénbnÞb;ePøIg RtÚv)aneKehAfa : DIsg;T½rsRmab;
TVarcrnþEckcay : .
r)a 22 KILÚvul:
DIsg;T½r
Rtg;sVÚrcrnþ TVacrnþEckcaytg;süúg
mFüm
1 2
rWelkarBarcrnþelIs
rUbPaB ES12B ]TahrN_énviFItemøIgrWelkarBarcrnþelIs
fVIebIminmansþg;daEcgGMBIkartemøIgRbdab;kat;pþac;enAcMNucecjénbnÞb;ePøIg enAkñúgl½kçx½NÐ
lm¥iténsþg;dabec©keTsGKÁisnIkñúgRBHraCaNacRkkm<úCak¾eday k¾vamaneKalbMNgGnuelameTAtam
IEC 62271-100 ¬2003-05¦ [Rbdab;kat;pþac;tg;süúgx<s; nigRbdab;RtÜtBinitütg;süúgx<s;-Epñk
100³ Rbdab;kat;pþac;tg;süúgx<s;crnþqøas; ] . ¬minmansþg;daEcgGMBIkartemøIgRbdab;kat;pþac;

sRmab;TVacrnþEckcaykñúgRbeTsCbu:n¦ .
209
maRta 13 ³ karkarBarTl;nwgkarqøgcrnþb:HdI
1> kartemøIgDIsg;T½rkarBarTl;nwgkarqøgcrnþb:HdI
bEnßmeTAelIxøwmsarmaRta 53>2 énl½kçx½NÐTUeTAénsþg;dabec©keTsGKÁisnIkñúgRBHraCaNacRk
kmðúCa eKmanbMNgtemøIgDIsg;T½rkarBarTl;nwgkarqøgb:HdIenAcMNucTTYl EdlCacMNucénkarpÁt;pÁg;
famBltg;süúgmFümBIRbPBepSg² . eTaHCay:agNak¾edaykartemøIgenHminGnuvtþsRmab;TItaMgNa
EdlfamBlGKÁisnIsrubenAcMNucTTYleRbIR)as;sRmabGtifiCnEtmYy .
ExStg;süúgmFüm
Gnusaß nIy cMNucTTYl

cMNucecj M
ExStg;süúgmFüm
G kartemøIgenH minGnuvtþsRmab;TItaMgNaEdl
eragcRkGKÁisnI famBlGKÁisnIsrubenAcMNucTTYl eRbIR)as;
sRmab;GtifiCnEtmYy .
rUbPaB ES13A ]TahrN_énkartemøIgDIsg;T½rkarBarTl;nwgkarqøgb:HdI
r)a 22 KILÚvul:
DIsg;T½r
ZCT TVarcrnþtg;süúgmFüm
DG
bBa¢apþac;
GPT
DG : rWeldImankMNt;TisedA
OVG
OVG : rWelkarBarTl;nwgkarelIstg;süúg
edaysarcrnþqøgeTAdI
ZCT : Rtg;sVÚcrnþEdlthValMdab;sUnü
GPT : Rtg;sVÚtg;süúgP¢ab;eTAdI
rUbPaB ES13B]TahrN_énkartemøIgRbB½n§rWelkMNt;TiseBlcrnþb:HeTAdI ¬enAxageRkAGnusßanIy_¦

210
2> DIsg;T½rkarBarTl;nwgkarqøgcrnþb:HdIsRmab;esoKVItg;süúgTab
DIsg;T½rkarBarTl;nwgkarqøgcrnþb:HdI KWminEmnEtgEtcaM)ac;EtgEttemøIgenAEpñkecjénRtg;sVÚ
Eckcay ¬22¼0/4 KILÚv:ul¦ enaHeT BIeRBaHDIsg;T½rkarBarTl;nwgcrnþelIsGacCMnYsva)an nigGac
karBarTl;nwgqøgcrnþb:HdI . ¬RbsinebItémøqøgcrnþb:HeTAdImantémøFMCagcrnþpþac; DIsg;T½rkarBar
Tl;nwgcrnþelIs GacdMeNIrkar nigGacpþac;esoKVItg;süúgTabEdlmanbBaða)an¦ .
3> lkçN³énDIsg;T½rkarBarTl;nwgkarqøgb:HdI
lkçN³énDIsg;T½rkarBarTl;nwgkarqøgb:HdI RtÚvGnuelamtamsþg;da IEC 60947-2 ¬1998-
03¦ [Rbdab;pþac; nigRbdab;bBa¢aelIEpñktg;süúgTab-EpñkTI2 ³ DIsg;T½r ]
1> l½kçx½NÐtMrUvtamsþg;dabrisßan
mankareRbIBaküBiessCaeRcInRtÚv)aneKeRbIR)as;sRmab;kargarbrisßan . edIm,ImanPaBgay
RsÜlkñúgkarBiPakSaKñaGMBIkarBarbrisßan kareRbIBaküsMxan;²RtÚv)aneKdkRsg;nigEcgdUcxageRkam ³
1>1 briyakas
Down wash
)atuPUtEdlsayPayecjBIbMBg;hÁas KWbgákarrMxany:agxøaMgedaysarxül;bk; eTA

tamPaBxusKñaénsm<aF énGakasFatuenAEpñkxageRkayénGKar b¤bMBg;EpSg .
NOx ( nIRtÚEhSnGuksuIt¦
RbePTénnIRtÚEhSnGuksuIt EdlbegáIteLIgedaysardMeNIrkaréncMehH . ]sµ½n
NO nig]sµ½n kabUnic ¬NO2¦ mansarFatunIRtÚEhSnGuksuIteRcIn ¬NOx¦ .
CaTUeTA nIRtÚEhSnGuksuItRtÚv)anEbgEckCa : nIRtÚEhSnGuksuIt]NðvarI : EdlekIt
eLIg enAeBlnIRtÚEhSnkñúgxül;cUlKñaCamYyGuksuIEhSnkMLúgeBlmancMehHnig : nI
RtÚEhSnGuksuIt\n§n³ : EdlekIteLIgenAeBl nIRtÚEhSnGuksuItenAkñúg \n§n³eFVI
GuksuItkmµ .
SOx ( s‘ulpYrGuksuIt¦
RbePTéns‘ulpYrGuksuIt RtÚv)anbegàItCa\n§n³EdlmancMnYnsu’lpYreRcInenAeBleK
dutva .
211
sarFatutUc²EdlenAray):ay
eyageTAelIFUlIEdlGENþtmanviC¢maRt 10 mIRkÚEm:Rt ¬m¦ b¤tUcCag .

ERmgePøIg nigFUlI
duMrwg²EdlmanenAkñúgcMehHhÁasdUcCa ERmgePøIg epH .l. Edl)anekIteLIgenAkñúg

dMeNIrkarcMehH.
G½RPénGasuItsul‘ pYric
G½RPénGasuItsu‘lpYric KWCasarFatubMBulbrisßany:agF¶n;F¶rmYy . eKniyayfa
G½RPenHekIteLIg enAeBlhÁalGasuItsu‘lpYric RtÚveKlaycUlKñaCamYyTwkenAkñúgxül;
edIm,IbegàItCaGasuItsu‘lpYric bnÞab;mk)aneFVIGuksuItkmµ ehIyERbkøayeTACaG½RPén
su’lpYricGuksuIt .
TwkePøógGasuIt
)atuPUtmYyEdlGuksuItsu‘lpYric ¬CaBiess SO ¦RtÚvbeBa©jedaycMehH\n§n³
2
su‘lpYrricx<s; .l. nigeFVIGuksuItkmµCabnþbnÞab;enAkñúgxül; CamYyl,ayG½RPGasuIt

su‘lpYricrav nigRtÚvrlayenAkñúgtMNk;TwkePøógkñúgtMbn;d¾FMmYy .
FUlI
sarFatuEdlbegáIt b¤enAray):ay CalT§plmYyénRbRBwtþikmµemkanic dUcCakMeTc

kMTI nigkareRCIserIsvtßúFatu b¤BMnUkvtßúFatu .
1>2 KuNPaBTwk
pH ( skþanuBlénGuIRtÚEhSn)
nimitþrUbmYyEdlRtÚv)aneKeRbIsRmab;bBa¢ak;BIkarRbmUlpþúMénGuIy:ugrbs;GuIRtÚEhSn
¬brimaNGuIy:Utrbs;GuIRtÚEhSn KitCaRkammanenAkñúgTwk 1>000 mIlIlIRt¦ .
vaRtÚv)aneKtagCaLÚhÁarItsmBaØmYy éncRmascMnYnRbmUlpþMúGuIRtÚEhSnenAkñúgTwk .
212
1
H = log = -log(H+)
+
(H )
TwksuT§ pH esµI 7
tRmÚvkarCIvKImIGuksuIEhSn BOD (Biochemical Oxygen Demand¦
BOD bgðajnUvcMnYnGuksuIEhSnEdl)aneRbIR)as; enAeBlsarFatusrIragÁenAkñúgTwk

RtÚvbMEbkedaykarbgábegáIt b¤kardkdegðIménGaeGrUbiuc)aetrI. témøEdlcg;)anKW 5
ppm b¤tUcCagenAkñúgTenø .
COD (Chemical Oxygen Demand ¦ tRmÚvkarGuksuIEhSnsarFatuKImI

bgðajnUvcMnYnGuksuIEhSnEdl)aneRbIR)as;edaysarFatuGuksuItenAkñúgTwk
EdlRtÚveFVIkarviPaKedayviFI KImImYy . témøEdlcg;)anKW 5 ppm b¤tUcCag .
karlayGuksuIEhSn DO (Dissolve Oxygen¦
karlayGuksuIEhSn enAkñúgTwks¥atKW 7 eTA 14 ppm . sRmab;RtI RtÚvkar
y:agtic 5 ppm .
Activated sludge RbtikmµPk;

RsTab;CakBa©úM² EdlbegáIteLIgedaykarkekIty:agqab;rh½snUvsrIragÁtUc² Gtisuxum
R)aNenAkñúgTwks¥úy nigTwkeRbIR)as;rYcEdlvaGacbMEbkCaPk; EdlKYr[kt;smÁal; .
sarFaturwgEdlenAray):ay SS (Suspended Solid)
sarFatuEdlGENþtkñúgTwk . vamaneRKaHfñak; taMgBIvaenACab;CamYysrIragÁman

CIvitenAkñúgTwk nigrgenA)atTenø . témøEdlcg;)anKW 10 ppm b¤tUcCag .
1>3 semøg
dB (Sound Pressure Level, kRmitsm<aFsemøg)
213
20dg énLÚhÁarItFmµtaénGRtarvagsm<aFsemøg P nigsm<aFsemøgedIm Po .
n½ymYYyepSgeTot KW 20 log (P/Po) . kñúgkrNIenH Po = 0/0002 b . kñúg
10
krNIEdlrlkekIneLIgRsbKña eKGaceFVIkarsnµt vamankRmitkmøaMgsemøgdUcKña

sRmab;kareRbIR)as;Fmµta .
kRmitvUlUmsemøg
kRmitsm<aFsemøgénsemøgenAeRhkg; 1>000 EG‘k RtÚvcat;TukfaCakRmitEdlmnusS

mñak;kMBugsþab; KWdUcKñakRmitEdleyIgGacB¤va . ]TahrN_ vaKW 60 phon
enAeBlkRmit vUlUmsemøgdUcKña semøgenAeRhVkg; 1>000 EG‘k énsemøgEdl
GacB¤ 60 dB .
kRmitsemøg ¬phon b¤ dB¦
témøEdlRtÚvvas;sRmab;edayeRbI]bkrN_vas;kRmitsemøg .
e
semøgrMxan ¬Background Noise¦
enAeBlsemøgCak;lak;mYyRtÚv)anvas;enAkEnøgmYy . RbsinebI minB¤semøgGVI
epSgenATIenaHeT bnÞab;mksemøgrMxanEdlB¤enAkEnøgenaH KWCasemøgrMxanEdlB¤
enAnwgkEnøgenaH .
PaBrMj½rkñúgxül;EdlmaneRbkg;Tab
etIRtÚvfasemøgenAeRkamkRmiteRbkg; 20 Hz b¤semøgkñúgkRmitTabBiess
fadUcemþcenARbeTsCbu:nmin)ankMNt;eRhkg;RbePTenHeT. semøgTaMgenHcat;TUkfa
eRbkg;Tab karpøas;bþÚrsm<aFeRbgkg;Tabedayvas;sÞg; semøgEdlmaneRbkg;
Tab .l.
1>4 kaksMNl;
kaksMNl;]sSahkmµ
sMNl;Edlsl;BIcMehH/ sMNl;xab;²/ kaksMNl;eRbg/ kaksMNl;GasuIt/
kaksMNl; GakalIs .l. EdlbegáItBIskmµPaBcMehH .
214
kaksMNl;kñúgTIRkug
sMNl;eRkABIkaksMNl;]sSahkmµmYy .
PIsuIb‘Í PCB (Polychlorinated Biphenyl)
PIsuIb‘Í (PCB) KWCasarFatumYykñúgcMeNameRKÓgpSMsrIragÁkørIn . edayvaCa

sarFatul¥bMputsRmab;Tb;Tl;kMedA niglkçN³l¥sRmab;GuIsULg; vaRtÚv)an
eKeRbIR)as;y:agTUlMTUlayCaGuIsULg; sRmab;]bkrN_GKÁisnI RBmTaMgCasarFatu
sRmab;bEnßmeTAkñúgfñaMlab TwkexµA .l. eTaHCay:agNak¾eday eK)anrkeXIjfa
sarFatuenHmaneRKaHfñak;dl;xøÜnR)aNmnusS nigkñúgvis½yplitkmµ nigkareRbIR)as;
vamYycMnYn vaCasarFatuhamXat; .
1>5 epSg²
sþg;dabrisßan
sþg;dabrisßan RtÚv)ankMNt;edayrdæaPi)al sRmab;briyakasxül; KuNPaBTwk

semøg .l. edIm,IkarBarsuxPaBrbs;mnusS nigkarbgáanUvbrisßanénkarrs;enA .
ppm (parts per million)
kñúgkrNI]sµ½n témøenHbBa¢ak;nUvKuNPaBKitCamIlIlIRt éncMnYnsarFatuEdlmankñúg

1m3 . kñúgkrNIPaBtan; b¤rav vabBa¢ak;nUvKuNPaBKitCamIlIRkaménsarFatu
Edlmankñúg 1KILÚRkam .
ppb (parts per billion)
vabBa¢ak;nUvkMhab; 1¼1000 én ppm .

pphm (parts per hundred million)
215
bBaðaeLIgkMedABiPBelak
tamkarviPaKelITinñn½yénGakasFatu eKGacBinitüeXIjfasItuNðPaBenAelIEpndI
kMBugekIneLIgCalMdab;kñúgry³eBl 100qñaM enH EtmankarelIkElgenAqñaMxøH .
RbsinebI )atuPUtenHenAEtbnþeTot eBlenaHvanwgb:HBal;eTAelIbBaðaCaeRcInrYmman
ksikmµ kRmitkMBs;TwksmuRT .l. karekIneLIgénkMhab;]sµ½npÞaMgkBa©k; dUc
Ca]sµ½nkabUnic CO emtan (Methan) ehVGug (freon) N enAkñúgxül;Edl
2 20
RtÚv)ancg¥úlbgðajfa Caktþad¾sMxan; .
karGs;RsTab;GUhSÚn
enAeBlEdlsuIEGhVsuI (CFC-Chlorofluorocarbon, CaRbePTmYYyénehVGug freon)
nighaLúg Halon EdlRtÚv)aneKeRbIR)as;y:agTUlMTUlay sRmab;RbB½n§eFVI[RtCak;
sarFatusMrab;sMGat sarFatueFVI[manBBuH .l. RtÚv)aneKbeBa©jeTAkñúgbrisßan
eTAdl;RsTab;RsatUEhV ¬Stratophere¦ ehIyvaRtÚvTTYlrgkaMrsµIG‘ulRtavIyUely:ag
xøaMgenATIenaHehIykørInRtÚv)anbeBa©jmkeRkAehIyRsTab;GUhSÚnRtÚv)anbMpøaj eday
sarkarbeBa©jenH .
CalT§pl cMnYnénkarsayPaykaMrsµIGu‘lRtavIy:UelEdlmaneRKaHfñak;mkdl;elIdI
mankarekIneLIg nigmanlT§PaBbgáCMgWmharIkEs,k EdlCa\T§iBlGaRkk;eTAelI
RbB½n§eGkU .l.
hÁass‘ulhVaeGsahørId (SF gas) 6
]sñ½n SF RtUv)aneRbIkñúg]sSahkmµGKÁisnICasMPar³GuIsULaT½r nigmaneRbIenAkñúg

6
DIsugT½reRbIhÁas/ TUrbBa¢aEdleRbIhÁasCaGuIsULg; (GIS) nigbrikçaGKÁisnIdéTeTot

BIeRBaHhÁas SF mankmøaMgDIeGLikRTIkxøaMgCagxül; nigGuIRdUEsns¶Üt ehIylkçN³
6
rbs;vaKWkat;bnßyTMhMTUrbBa¢a nigbegáInsmtßPaBnigkareCOTukcitþ ehIymanGayukal

dMeNIkaryUrGEgVg .
kñúgeBlenHEdr hÁas SF GacniyayfaCa]sµ½npÞaMgkBa©k;EdlRtUveKvaytémø CamYy
6
nwgkarrMlwkdas;etOnCasaklnUvskþanuBlRbmaNCa 23/000 dg Edl CO 2
¬kabUn DIGuksuIt¦ kñúgry³eBlCag 100 qñaM .
216
enAeBlEdlbrikçaGKÁisnImanpÞúkhÁas SF RtUv)anykecj nigkMeTc/ hÁas SF RtUv
6 6
RbmUlTuk[)ansmRsbedayminRtUvbeBa©jecalkñúgxül; kñúgeKalbMNgkat;bnßy
karsayPay]sµ½npÞaMgkBa©k; .
DIGuksuIt Dioxin
eTaHCay:agNak¾eday vaKWCaeQµaHedIménmU:lIKulBitR)akd¬2/ 3/ 7/ 8 etRta

kørUDInEbnhSÚ):ar:aDIduksuIn tetrachhlorodine benzopara-dioxin, ehAkat; TCDD¦/
bU:lIkørUDIEbnhSÚ DIGuksuIn polychhlorodibenzo-dioxin ¬ehAkat; PIsuIDIDI ¬PCDD¦
CaTUeTA BaküTUeTAmankarrbgðajBIPaBpøas;bþÚr . eKsnµt;fa BYkvaTaMg
Gs;CaCatiBul nigmansarFatunaM[ekItmharIk FIsuIDIDI¬TCDD¦ manbnþicbnþÜckñúg
2/ 4/ 5-T éneh‘Íb‘IsuIt ¬herbicide¦ CaBiessmansarFatuBulxøaMgbMputdUcCa
etRtatUEhSn ¬Tetratogen¦ ehIybnÞab;BIkgT½BGaemrikeRbIvasRmab;Rbtibtþikar
eyaFaeFVI[RCúHsøwkeQIenAs®gÁamevotNam kumarekItmkminRKb;lkçN³ )anekItman
Cajwkjab; . karbegáIt dioxin kñúgbrimaNd¾eRcIn edaysarkardutsarFatu
laypSMsrIragÁkørIn rYmbBa©Úl køér:vInIl Edlmankñúg)aøsÞicmü:ag)anRtÚvrkeXIj
ehIyeKRtÚvcat;viFankarN_CabnÞan; .
2> karhamXat;temøIgm:asuInGKÁisnI b¤brikçaGKÁisnIEdlmansarFatu PIsuIb‘I ¬PCBs¦

eRbgPIsuIb‘I RtÚv)aneKesñIeLIgCadMbUg CavtßúravDIeGLicRTIcsRmab;eRbIenAkñúgbrikçaGKÁisnI dUc
CaRtg;sVÚ ka):asuIT½r DIsg;T½r Rbdab;EktRmÚvtg;süúg .l. BIeRBaHlkçN³ DIeGLicRTIcd¾l¥bMput
nigmanPaBGaceqH mankRmitTabbMput . y:agNamij enAeBleKduteRbgPIsuIb‘I Ca]TahrN_
RbsinebIRtg;sVÚmYy b¤ka):asuIT½rmYymanvtþmanenAkñúgeragcRk b¤manePøIgeqHxagkñúgFatuKImIBulxøaMg
ekItmaneLIg . bBaðaenHman\T§iBlyayIeTAelIsuxPaB . eRbgPIsuIb‘I CasarFatuminbMEbkFatu
nigmaneRKaHfñak; BIeRBaHBYkvamanPaBzitefryUrGEgVg nigmansarFatuCaeRbg ¬Oleophilic) man
n½yfa BYkeKGacRsUbyky:aggayRsÜl edayekasikaxøaj;énmnusS nigstV . bnÞab;mk
kMhab;eRbgPIsuIb‘IGacekIneLIgúenAkñúgxøÜn Ca]TahrN_ enAkñúgxøaj; eføIm .l. nigmankarlM)ak
Nas;edIm,IlubbM)at;mU:elKulenH . dUecñHkartemøIgnUvbrikçaGKÁisnIfµIEdlmaneRbg PIsuIb‘I KYrEtRtUv)an
hamXat; .
217
2>1 lkçN³eRbg PIsuIb‘I ¬PCBs¦
eRbgPIsuIb‘I KWCaGMbUrénsarFatuKImIsrIragÁEdlrYmmanrgVg;bg;EhSnBIr ¬Benzene Rings¦ Edl
manTMnak;TMngKñaedaysarcMNgkabUn nigkabUn¬Cabon-Cabon¦. GatUménkørIn ¬Chlorine Atoms¦
cab;bþÚrykGatUmGuIRtÚEhSnxøH b¤TaMgGs;én10 EdlenAmankñúgTItaMgEdlGaccab;ykGatUm)an
GuIRtÚEhSn ¬Hydrogen Atoms¦ .
Cl
H H H H
C C C C
Clm Cln
 1  m  n  10  H C C C C H
PIsuIb‘Í PCB C C C C
(Polychlorinated biphenyl) H H H H
GatUménkørIn cab;ykxøHb¤TaMgGs;én10
GatUmGuIRtÚEhSn EdlenAmankñúgTItaMgEdlGacman “H”
rUbPaB ES14A TRmg;rbs;PIsuIb‘Í
eKdwgfa PIsuIb‘Ísítß enAkñúgcMeNamsarFatuKImIsrIragÁminbMEbkFatu¬Edlzitefr¦. PIsuIb‘Íman

cMNuctémøDIeGLicRTIcTab (Dielectric constant) nigmantémøcMNuckMedABuHx<s; eFVI[eKyk
eTAeRbICavtßúravDIeGLicRTIc enAkñúgka):asuIT½rGKÁisnI nigRtg;sVÚ . Casegçb PIsuIb‘Íman ³
-témøDIeGLicRTIcTab
-PaBhYtmankRmitTab
-PaBFn;nwgePøIgeqH)anl¥
-CasarFatumingayrlaykñúgTwk
-gayrlaykñúgsarFatusMrab;rMlay nig
-lkçN³CIvityUrGEgVg KµankarxUtxatkñúgkareFVIesvakmµ .
y:agNamij naeBlbc¨úb,nñKuNvibtþiénvtßúravPIsuIb‘Í KWRtÚv)aneKcat;TukfasMxan; taMgBI
sarFatuen³
-KµankarbMEbkFatu
-sßitenAkñúgbrisßan)anyUr
-GaceFVI[ekasikaxøaj;ekIneLIgkñúgxøÜn
-RtÚveKsgS½yfaCasarFatuEdlbgá[ekItmharIk
218
\T§iBlénPIsuIb‘Í elImnusSGacmanlkçN³F¶n;F¶r dUcCa ³
-bNþal[xUcRKelon nigsrIragÁdéTeTotrbs;mnusS
-bNþal[QWk,al CMgWepSg² .l. RbsinebI eyIghitva nig
-bNþal[ekItmun ¬Chlor-acne¦ RbsinebIvaRCabcUltamEs,k
2>2 Éksareyag
vaküx½NÐenH KWGanuelameTAtam “sn§isBaØasþúkxUm ” EdlCasn§isBaØaBiPBelak edIm,Ikar
BarsuxPaBmnusS nigbrisßanBIbMBulsrIragÁedaysarFatumingayrlay ¬POPs-Persistent Organic
Pollutants¦ . sn§isBaØasþúkxUm KWCasnñisiT§sþIBIbBaðabrisßanelIkTI1 énsnñisiT§EdlmanCabnþ
bnÞab;EdlBak;B½n§CamYykmµviFIbrisßanrbs;GgÁkarshRbCaCati ¬UNEP¦ .
raCrdæaPi)alkm<úCa minTan;)an[sc©ab½nelI “sn§isBaØasþúkxUm” eT bu:EnþRbeTsCaeRcIn
eTot)an[sc©ab½nrYcehIy . dUecñH “sn§isBaØasþúkxUm ” GacRtÚveRbIeyagCaTsSn³bRgÜbbRgÜmd¾
TUlMTUlayrbs;BiPBelakmYy .
“sn§isBaØasþúkxUm ” sMNUmBr[lubbM)at;kareRbIR)as;sarFatuPIsuIb‘Í kñúgbrikçaGKÁisnI ¬dUcCa
Rtg;sVÚ/ ka):asuIT½r b¤FugepSg²EdlmansþúksarFaturav¦ enAmunqñaM2025 nigsRmab;smiT§kmµ
rbs;va manbTb,BaØtþimYycMnYneKarBeTAtamviFIGnuvtþelIsarFatuPIsuIb‘Í .
1> karkMNt;kRmitGuIsULg;
1>1 eKalKMnitrbs;kMritGuIsULg;
eKalKMnitrbs;kMritGuIsULg; sMrab;sßanIy_tg;süúgx<s; nigmFüm enAkEnøgGñkeRbIR)as;GKÁisnI
RtUv)anepÞogpÞat;eTAnwg IEC 60071-1 nigepÞogpÞat;eTAnwg IEC epSg²eTot . mann½yfa eKal
KMnitkMNt;kMritFn;GuIsULg;rbs;brikçarGKÁisnIenAtg;súügFmµta b¤enAtg;süúgminRbRktIenAelIRbB½n§GKÁisnI
nigl½kçN³eRKOgkarBarenAkñúgRbB½n§famBlGKÁisnI .
dUecñH karkMNt;kMritGuIsULg;mandUcteTA ³
-karerobcMeRKOgkarBarrnÞH[smRsb
-RtYtBinitüsnÞúHtg;súüg nigEktMrUvsmasPaBkñúgRbB½n§dUcCaeRKOgpþac; nigP¢ab;crnþsV½yRbvtþi
eRKOgRtYtBinitüeRKOgkarBarRbB½n§.l.
-erobcMGuIsULg;[)anl¥ nigsmRsb
-RtYtBinitü[)anRtwmRtUv nigsmRsbelIkarerobcMGuIsULg;
219
1>2 sþg;daénPaBFn;nwgtg;süúg
sþg;daénPaBFn;nwgtg;suügRtUv)anepÞogpÞat;eTAnwg IEC 60071-1 nig IEC )anbgðajfa kMrit
sþg;daGuIsULg;rbsbrikçar RtUv)ankMNt;Casþg;daénPaBFn;nwgtg;süúgBIRbePTdUcteTA ³
sMrab;brikçarEdlmantg;süúgkñúglMdab;BI 1kV eTA 245kV
k- sþg;datg;súügEdlFn;nwgsnÞúHrnÞH
x- sþg;datg;súügEdlFn;nwgry³eBlxøIénkareLIgtg;súüg
brikçarEdlmantg;süúgkñúglMdab; BI 245kV eLIg
k- sþg;datg;súügEdlFn;nwgsnÞúHcrnþkñúgeBlP¢ab; b¤pþac;crnþ
x- sþg;datg;súügEdlFn;nwgsnÞúHrnÞH
TMrg;sþg;datg;süúg
- sþg;dakñúgry³eBlxøIenAeRhVkg;FmµtasiunussUGuIdtg;súüg EdlmaneRhVkg;cenøaHBI 48Hz nig
62Hz kñuúgkMLúgeBl 60 vinaTI
- sþg;dasnÞúHcrnþkñúgeBlP¢ab; b¤pþac;crnþsnÞúHtg;suügmanry³eBlGtibrima 250μs
nigry³eBlBak;kNþaléntMél 2500μs
- sþg;dasnÞúHrnÞHsnÞúHtg;süúgmanmunry³eBl 1.2μs nigry³Bak;kNþaléntMél 50μs
Nominal voltage
60sec
sþg;dafamBlKYbesoKVItg;suüg
tg;süúgFmµta
250μs, 2500μs
sþg;dasnÞúHcrnþkñúgeBlP¢ab; rwpþac;crnþ
220
tg;süúgFmµta
1.2μs, 50μs
xñatKMrUsnÞúHrnÞH
rUbPaB ES16A rbs;xñatKMrUEdlFn;tg;süúg
1>3 karkMNt;kMritGuIsULg;edayeRKOgkarBarcrnþRcal
karkMNt;kMritGuIsULg;rbs;sßanIy_ KWCaRKWHedIm,IbegáIndMeNIkarelah³GuksIutnUveRKOgkarBar
rnÞH .
eTaHCaEbbNak¾edaykñúgkrNIRtUveFVIkarRtYtBinitülMGitelIsmasPaBrbs;]bkrN_ b¤karerob
cMeRKOgkarBarrnÞH CakarcaM)ac;sMrab;eFVIkarviPaKCamYynwg EMTP .l.
kMNt;sMKal;; EMTP : kmµvIFIEdnGKÁisnI
2> kmøaMgDIeGLicRTicrbs;esoKVIGKÁisnI
¬ tMrUvkarrbs;GuIsULg; ¦
kñúgkrNIEdlesoKVIGKÁisnIBMumankMritGuIsULg;RKb;RKan; vaCabuBVehtubgáeGayqk;GKÁisnI GKÁIP½y
edaysarkarRCabcrnþ nigmanbBðaaepSg²xøH dUcCakarekIneLIgnUvfamBlEdl)at;bg;pgEdr .
dUcenHesoKVIGKÁisnIRtUvmankMritGuIsULg;RKb;RKan;tamlMdak;fñak;tg;süúg .
¬ karRtYtBinitüGuIsULg; ¦
dUc)anerobrab;xagelI GuIsULg;RtUveFVIkarvinicä½ymuneBleRbIR)as;. rebobeFVIvinicä½yEdlGac
TTYlyk)anCaTUeTA KWCakarvas;er:sIusþg;GuIsULg; nigkarRtYtBinitükMlaMgFn;DIeGLicRTic .
edIm,IeFVIkarvinicä½yelIkMritrbs;GuIsULg;KMrUEdll¥bMputsMrab;eFVIkarRtYtBinitüGuIsULg; kMlaMgFn;
221
DIeGLicRTicenAeRkamtg;süúg nigeBlevla .
eTaHCaEbbNak¾edaysMrab;esoKVIGKÁisnItg;süuúgTab CaTUeTAkarvas;er:suIsþg;GuIsULg;RtUv)an
eKeFVIeLIg eRBaHgayRsYleFVIkarvinicä½ykñúgkarbgáakMueGayeqH .
kñúgkrNIEdlBi)akeFVIkarvas;er:sIusþg;GuIsULg; edaykardac;crnþ crnþRCabGacykmkGnuvtþn¾
edayRtYtBinitüer:sIusþg;GuIsULg; enAkñúgesoKVIGKÁisnI RtUvCMnYsedaykarvas;eTAelIer:sIusþg;GuIsULg; .
¬ ExStg;süúgx<s; nigmFüm ¦
cMeBaHExSbNþajtg;süúgx<s; nigmFüm nigmantg;süúgelIsekIteLIgCabeNþaHGasnñ enA
eBlmanqøgcrnþhVaNamYyeTAdI nigsnÞúHcrnþkñúgeBlP¢ab; b¤pþac;GacekItman dUecñH)atuPUt
TaMgGs;enH RtUvBicarNaenAeBlEdlkarRtYtBinitüelIkMlaMg DIeGLicRTicRtUv)aneKeFVIeLIg .
eTaHCaEbbNak¾eday kñúgkrNIEdleFVIkar edaysnµt;faer:sIusþg;GuIsULg; EdlRtUv)aneFVIkar
RtYtBinitüedayeyagtam IEC, JIS nigsþg;dad¾éTeTot RtUv)anrkSaTukenAXøaMgkardæansagsg;.
kareFVIetsþsMrab;karRtYtBinitükMlaMgDIeGLicRTic RtUv)ankMNt;ykelItg;süúgNUmINal; EdlRtUvdak;
eGaysakl,gdl;ry³eBl 10 naTI .
¬ bTd§anbec©keTsrbs;RbeTsCb:un ¦
karsakl,gkMlaMgDIeGLicRTic sMrab;ExStg;süúgx<s; tambTdæan RbeTsCb:unmandUcteTA ³
GuIsULg;; ExStg;süúgx<s;RtUvFn; enAeBleFVIkarsakl,gtg;süúgeFVIeLIgrvagExScMlg nigdI
RtUvetsþry³eBl 10naTI . ¬kñúgkrNI EdlExScMlgCaExSkab crnþCab;RtUv)aneKeRbIsMrab;kar
sakl,g ehIytg;süúgsakl,genHelIstg;súügeFVIetsþcMnYnBIrdg ¦.
tarag ES16A kareFVIetsþtg;süúgkmøaMgDIeGLikRTikenACb:un
RbePTesoKVIGKÁisnI tg;süúgeFVIetsþ
tg;süuúg 1/5 dg éntg;süúgx<s; ¬10/5
ExSEdlmantg;süúgx<s;bMput Edlminx<s;Cag
KILÚvul: enAeBlTabCag 10/5 KILÚvul: ¦
60KILÚv:ul
RtUv)anP¢ab;
ExSEdlmantg;süúgx<s;Cag 60KILÚv:ulRtUv)an tg;süuúg 1/25 dg éntg;süúgx<s;RtUv)an
P¢ab;eTAnwgesoKVIGKÁisnI edaypþac;RbB½n§Nwt P¢ab;
ExSEdlmantg;süúgx<s;Cag 60 KILÚv:ul TabCag tg;süuúg 1/1 dg éntg;süúgx<s; ¬75
170KILÚvul: RtUv)anP¢ab;eTAnwgesoKVIGKÁisnIEdl KILÚvul: enAeBl TabCag 75 KILÚvu:l ¦
manRbB½n§NwtrwgmaM RtUv)anP¢ab;
222
ExSEdlmantg;süúgx<s;Cag 170 KILÚv:ulRtUv)an tg;süuúg 0/72 dg éntg;süúgx<s;
P¢ab; eTAnwgesoKVIGKÁisnI EdlmanRbB½n§NwtrwgmaM RtUv)anP¢ab;
3> PaBFn;nigkMedArbs;brikçarGKÁisnI
vaRtUv)aneKGHGagfa sItuNðPaBEdlekIteLIgrbs;brikçarGKÁisnI minGnuBaØateGayeLIgdl;
sItuNðPaBGtibrimarbs;brikçarGKÁisnIeT b¤k¾eRkamsItuNðPaBGtibrima EdlBMumanP½ynþrayNamYybgá
eGayxUcxat]bkrN_GKÁisnI . enAeBlEdlsItuNðPaBEdlekIteLIgelIseKalkarmUldæaneFVIetsþ
EdlmanrayeQµaHxageRkam nigsþg;daEdlBak;B½n§eTAnwg]bkrN_GKÁisnIRtUv)anGnuvtþ.
3>1 ehSeNr:aT½r
sItuNðPaBrbs;ehSeNr:aT½rekIneLIgenAeBldMeNIkarkñúgbnÞúkminelIskMNt;mYy minGnuBaØati
[eLIgsItuNðPadl;kMritGtibrima KWRtUvtamlMdab;fñak;Fn;nwgkMedA ehIykarFn;nwgkMedArbs;ehSeNr:aT½r
nigBMumanP½ynþrayNamYybgáeGayxUcxat ebIsItuNðPaBGtibrimasßitenAkñúglMdab;fñak;;kMedAEdl)an
GnuBaØati .
3>2 BidagGuIRdUlikrbs;TUrb‘ín nigehSeNr:aT½r
PaBFn;nwgkMedArbs;BidagGuIRdUlikTUrb‘ín nigehSeNr:aT½r ¬eRKOgplitfamBl ¦ nigBMuman
P½ynþrayNamYybgáeGayxUcxat eTaHbIsItuNðPaBeLIgdl;Gtibrimarbs;Bidag Edl)anbeB©aj
kñúgtMélkñúgbnÞúkkMNt;.
3>3 Rtg;sVÚr ¬eRKOgTnøak;tg;süúg b¤tMelIgtg;süúg¦
sItuNðPaBrbs;Rtg;sÚV ekIneLIgenAeBldMeNIrkarelIbnÞúkminelIskMNt; mineGayeLIg
dl;sItuNðPaBGnuBaØatiGtibrima KwRtUvnwglMdab;fñak;Fn;nwgkMedA ehIykMedArbs;Rtg;sVÚ nwgBMuman
mhnþrayNamYybgáeGayxUcxat enAkñúglMdab;fñak;sItuNðPaBEdl)anGnuBaØatiGtibrimaenH .
3>4 m:asuIn
CMBUkenHGnuvtþeTAelIesoKVIGKÁisnIkñúgeRKOgP¢ab; b¤pþac;crnþ/ DIsugT½r/ eRKOgbrikçarRtg;sVÚ
]bkrN_cab;crnþRcal/ m:asuInepSg²eTot/ rnukbB¢ÚanfamBl nigeRKOgP¢ab;ExScMlg sMrab;m:asuIn .
kMeNInsItuNðPaBrbs;m:asuIn enAeBldMeNIrkarelIbnÞúkkñúgtMélkMNt;mYy min[eLIgdl;
sItuNðPaBGnuBaØatiGtibrima KwRtUvnwglMdab;fñak;EdlFn;kMedA ehIykMedArbs;m:asuInnwgBMumanmhnþray
EbbNamYy bgáeGayxUcxatkñúglMdab;fñak;sItuNðPaBGnuBaØatiGtibrima .
223
4> karkarBarkarxUcxateBagsm<aF
¬1¦ sm<aFdMeNIrkarGtibrima rbs;sm<aFFugRtUverobcMedayKitKUeTAnwgsm<aFEdlekIneLIg
kñúglMdab;sm<aFdMeNIrkar nigsm<aFdMeNIrkarkMedAGtibrima .
¬2¦ PaBFn;Tl;nwgsm<aF]sµ½nEdlekIteLIgedaykMhYcépÞxagkñúg mann½yfaminmanRCab]sµ½n
kñúgkMLúgeBlxUc nigbnÞab;BI)anCYsCulrYc kñúgkrNIEdlFugBMumaneRKOgRtYtBinitüsm<aF
EdlekIneLIg .
¬3¦ dUcenHsþg;daRbePTelah³EdlFn;RtUv)anGnuBaØti nigmin)anbBa¢ak;;BITRmg;¬rcnasm½<n§¦/
Epñkrgsm<aF RtUvFn;nwgsm<aFdMeNIrkar nigRtUvmansuvtßiPaB .
1 GnuelamPaBtamsþg;daGnþrCati
kartemøIgRbB½n§KmnaKmn_ nigRbB½n§TUrKnaKmn_RtUvEp¥ktameKalkarsþg;darkargarrbs;/ IEC,
ITU(*) .l.
*ITU: shKmTUrKnaKmn_GnþrCati EdlRtUv)anbegáIteLIgedayBMumankarlMeGog nigCaGgákarGnþrCati
EdlmanrdæaPi)al nigÉkCneFVIkarCamYyKñaedIm,IRbtibtþibNþaj§TUrKnaKmn_ nigbMerIesva nigedIm,I
QanmuxkarGPivDÆn_bec©kviC¢aKnaKmn_ .
2 kareRCIserIs]bkrN_ sMrab;TUrKnaKmn_
kñúgkrNItemøIg]bkrN_KYreRCIsykRbB½n§CakarcMa)ac;RtYtBinitü nigviPaKBIGtßRbeyaCn_rbs;va
RbEvgExS TMhMBt’man lkç½xNÐénkartemøIg nigRbsiT§iPaBesdækic© .l.
ExSsMrab;TUrKmnaKmn_mansarsMxan;Nas; vadUcCaRbB½n§srésQamEdlRtUvEfrkSaRbB½n§
pÁt;pÁg;famBl[manesßrPaB suvtßiPaB nigRbsiT§PaBesdækic© BIeRBaHbc©úb,nñenHCivitRbcaMéf¶
rbs;eyIgEdlRtUvkar[manGKÁisnI Edlcat;TukfasMxan; dUcCaxül;; nigTwk. m:üageTot RtUvTamTar
[manPaBeCOCak;x<s; nigmanesßrPaBsRmab;BYkeK . kñúgkrNItemøIgeRKOgGKÁisnIEdlBak;B½n§
eTAnwgRbB½n§famBlGKÁisnIsMxan;²EdlGacGnuvtþ)an dUcmanbgðajkñúgtarag 5 rbs;l½kçx½NÐTUeTA
énsþg;dabec©keTsGKÁisnIénRBHraCaNacRkkm<úCa
224
3 kartemøIgbrikçapÁt;pÁg;GKÁisnI
vaCakarcaM)ac;RtUveFVIkartemøIgRbB½n§pÁt;pÁg;GKÁisnIedayBuMmankardac;crnþ¬UPS¦ dUcCaRbPB
esvapÁt;pÁt;GKÁisnIénmeFüa)ayKmnaKmn_ .
brikçapÁt;pÁg;GKÁisnIRtUvmansmtßPaBpÁt;pÁg;x<s;EdlGacTukcitþ)an dUecñHExSbNþajKmnaKmn_
nigTUrKmnaKmn_GacdMeNIrkar)anRKb;eBl eTaHCaRbB½n§GKÁisnIxUc b¤manmhnþrayk¾eday .
mCÄmNÐlEbgEckGKÁisnI
tuRtYtBinitüRbB½n§ kEnøgpÞúkTinñn½y
SCADA KmnaKmn_
ExSTUrKmnaKmn_sRmab; ExSTUrKmnaKmn_sRmab;ry³semøg
SCADA
sßanIy_ sßanIy_ < sßanIy_

RTU RTU RTU
KmnaKmn_
Monitoring
& Control
rUbPaB ES18A RbB½n§KmnaKmn_
225
kRmitel¥ógénnaLikasÞg;GKÁisnIRtUvKNnatamsmIkaxageRkam³
MT
  M  T, 0   100 (%)
T
Edl³
 : kRmitel¥óg
 0 : kRmitel¥ógKitCaPaKry (%)
M: témøBit
T : témøEdl)anmkBIkarvas;
naLikasÞg;GKÁisnIRtUv)ancMNat;fñak;tamkRmitel¥óg . kRmitel¥ógénfñak;nImYy²rbs;naLika
sÞg;GKÁisnImanbgðajkñúgtarag ES 18A .
tarag ES 19A naLikasÞg;GKÁisnI
RbePTGtifiCn fñak; GRtakRmitel¥ógKitCaPaKry

(%)
GtifiCntg;süúgx<s; 0.5  0.5
GtifiCntg;süúgmFüm 1.0  1.0
GtifiCntg;süúgTab 2.0  2.0
naLikasÞg;GKÁisnITaMgGs;EdleRbIsRmab;vas;famBlGKÁisnI RtUveFVIetsþBIPaBRtwmRtUvrbs;va .
226
EpñkTI2
karP¢ab;ExSdI
1 eRKaHfñak;cMeBaHxøÜnR)aNmnusS
enAeBlmnusSb:HCamYyEpñkmancrnþGKÁisnI TMnak;TMngrvagcrnþnig\T§iBlrbs;vaeTAelIxøÜn
R)aNmnusS EdlRtÚveKraykarN_dUcxageRkam ³
tarag ES 20A \T§iBléncrnþGKÁisnIeTAelIxøÜnR)aNmnusS
crnþ¬mIlIGMEBr¦ \T§iBléncrnþGKÁisnIeTAelIxøÜnR)aNmnusS
1.2
manGarmµNq_ k;
3.5
manGarmµN_twgEtgtic²
8.0
manGarmµN_twgEtg nigminGacedIrecjBIkEnøgqk;
12.0
manGarmµN_twgEtg nigminGacRTaM)ankñúgry³eBlelIsBI 30vinaTI
20.0
minGacedIrecjBIkEnøgqk; nigminGacRTaM)ankñúgry³eBlelIsBI 15vinaTI
100.0
eRKaHfñak;dl;CIvit
1 RbePTExSdI
1>1 karP¢ab;ExSdIsRmab;RbB½n§bNþaj ExSbNþajtg;süúgmFüm
ExSdIsRmab;RbB½n§bNþaj RtÚveKtemøIg
edIm,IkarBarRbB½n§bNþajtg;süúgTab Tb;Tl; EpñkGacb:HCayfaehtu Rtg;sVÚrma:T½r
nwgkMhUcEdlekIteLIgedaysarkarb:HCayfaehtu
rvagtg;süúgmFüm nigtg;süúgTabenAkñúgRtg;sVÚrm:aT½r crnþqøgb:HdItamExSmYy ExSbNþajtg;süúgTab
Eckcay .
vaRtÚveKP¢ab;ExSdIfñak; B enAl½kxç ½NÐTUeTA
nigl½kçx½NÐlm¥it . rUbPaB ES22A Epñkb:HCayfaehturvagtg;süúgmFüm nigtg;süúgTab
227
1>2 karP¢ab;ExSdIsuvtßiPaB
karRCabecj
brikçaGKÁisnI
enAeBlEdlKuNPaBGuIsULg;rbs;brikça bNþajtg;süúgmFüm bNþajtg;süúgTab
GKÁisnIcuHfyeTA²edaysarehtuplepSg²enaH
RbGb;elah³
nigmaneRKaHfñak;qk;GKÁisnIkarekIteLIgedaysar
mantg;süúgminFmµtaenAelIEpñkGacqøgcrnþ enA crnþqøgb:HdI
EpñkcmøgEdlsßitenAkNþalval dUcCaeCIgTRmEdk ExSdIRbB½n§ ExSdIsuvtßiPaB
TUeFVIBIEdk bMBg;TIbEdk TEdk .l. EdlsßitenAxag
eRkAbrikçaGKÁisnI . ExSdIsuvtßiPaBRtÚvtemøIg rUbPaB ES22B karkarBarkuM[qk;GKÁisnI
edIm,ITb;Tl;nwgkarekInelIstg;süúghYsehtueFobeTAdI .
1>3 karP¢ab;ExSdIsRmab;]bkrN_karBarrnÞH
karP¢ab;ExSdIsRmab;]bkrN_karBarrnÞH RtÚveKtemøIgedIm,I[crnþénrnÞHEdl)aj;mkelI]bkrN_
karBarrnÞH b¤crnþRcal Gacrt;cUleTAkñúgdIedayRsÜl .
1>4 karP¢ab;ExSdIsRmab;viFankarN_Tb;Tl;nwgeRKaHfñak;eGLicRtÚsþaTic
karP¢ab;ExSdIenH RtÚveKtemøIgedIm,IRcalcrnþsþaTicGKÁisnIeTAdI[)anqab;dUcEdlva)anpliteLIg
EdlsþaTicGKÁisnIminKYr[manpÞúk nignaM[maneRKaHfñak; .
1>5 karP¢ab;ExSdIsRmab;viFankarN_Tb;Tl;nwgsemøg
karP¢ab;ExSdIenH RtÚveKtemøIgedIm,ITb;Tl;nwgkardMeNIkarminl¥rbs;m:asuIneGLicRtÚnic b¤Tb;Tl;
nwgkarcuHfyKuNPaBénRbB½n§TUrKmnaKmn_edaysarsemøgcUlGukLúk . vak¾RtÚveKtemøIgpgEdr edIm,I
karBarbrikçadéTeTotTl;nwgfamBleRbkg;x<s; Edl)anekItmanenAkñúgbrikçaxøÜnÉg nigRCabecjmk
eRkA .
2 ExSdI fñak; {x}

crnþnwgqøgeTAdItamRbB½n§ExSdI enAeBlEdlExSbNþajtg;süúgmFümdac;Føak; ehIyb:³ExS
bNþajtg;süúgTab . kñúgkrNIenHtg;süúgeFobdIrbs;ExSbNþajtg;süúgTabnwgekIneLIgsmaRtnwg
crnþqøgb:³dIrbs;ExSmYy niger:suIsþg;rbs;RbB½n§ExSdI . dUecñH témøer:suIsþg;rbs;RbB½n§ExSdIRtUvman
kRmit edIm,IkarBarkarxUcxatnUvbriFantg;süúgTab EdlbNþalBIkarekIntg;süúgmkdI .
228
esoKVItg;süúgmFüm
I
The
sing
le-
line
eart
h
esoKVItg;süúgTab
faul
t
cur
ren
RbsinebIer:suIsgþ ;ExSdIrbs;RbB½n§ KW R nigcrnþqøgb:³dI
t： RbB½n§ExSdI
rbs;ExSmYyKW I, tg;süúgqøgeTAdIekIneLIg R×I (V) .
rUbPaB ES22C ³ RbB½n§ExSdI nigcrnþqøgb:³dI
témøGtibrima 10 GUm kñúgfñak; B RtUv)anseRmcykedayEp¥kelIl½kçx½NÐbc©úb,nñenAkm<úCa nigtémø

Gb,brima 5 GUm RtUv)ankMNt;yk kñúgkrNIEdlmanlM)akkMNt;yktémøtUcCag 5 GUm .
enAeBlEdlExSbNþajtg;süúgmFümb:³ExSbNþajtg;süúgTab tg;süúgrbs;ExSbNþajtg;süúg
TabnwgekIneLIg . dUecñH RbsinebImnusSb:³ExSbNþajtg;süúgTabenH vanwgmaneRKaHfñak;y:agxøaMg
eRbobeFobnwgsßanPaBFmµta .
maRta 23 ³ ExSdIsRmab;eragcRkGKÁisnI nigsRmab;TItaMgGñkeRbIR)as;tg;súügx<s;

nigtg;súügmFüm
1 karP¢ab;ExSdIsRmab;brikçarGKÁisnI
1>1 karP¢ab;ExSdIedIm,IkarBarsuvtßiPaB
eKalbMNgénkareRbIR)as;ExSdI CaviFankaredIm,IbgáareRKaHfñak;dl;kmµkrBIkarqk;GKÁisnIeday
crnþRcal nigkrNIepSgeTotEdlGacekIteLIgedaytg;súügminRbRktIenAkñúgRbB½n§ dUcCakarkarBar
]bkrN_GKÁisnI nigesoKVItg;súügTab . karsikSaerobcMExSdIRtUveFVIeGayer:sIusþg;mantMélTab edIm,I
suvtßiPaBkñúgtg;súügCMhan nigtg;súügb:H b¤Ep¥k .
229
eKGacbriyay)anfa crnþEdlGacqøgkat;ragkaymnusS)an mankñúgrUbmnþdUcteTA
(Dr. C.F.Dalazial) :
0.116
IK  (A)
t
Edl ³ IK crnþEdlGacqøgkat;ragkaymnusS)an ¬GMEBr¦
t ry³eBlénkarqøgcrnþ ¬vinaTI¦
tg;súügCMh‘an ( E STEP ) nigtg;súügb:H b¤Ep¥k ( E ) RtÚv)anKNnaeLIgdUcteTA
TOUCH
¬eyagtamrUbPaB ES23A)
E STEP  ( RK  2 RF ) I K
RF
ETouch  ( RK  )I K
2
Edl ³ I K crnþEdlGacqøgkat;ragkaymnusS)an ¬GMEBr¦
RK er:suIsþg;rbs;mnusS ¬GUm¦/ 500-1000 GUm
RF er:suIsþg;dIeRkam)aTeCIg ¬GUm¦/ RbEhl 3
 er:suIsÞIvIetrbs;dI ¬GUm-Em:Rt¦/ dI ³ 100 ¬GUm-Em:Rt¦/ ebtug ³ 200
¬GUm-Em:Rt¦/ fµ ³ 3000 ¬GUm-Em:Rt¦/ ekAs‘URkalfñl; ³ 5000 ¬GUm-Em:Rt¦
R 1 RK
R1 RF RK Etouch Etouch
RF
Estep R2 2
Estep I
RF IK IK
R0
R0
Voltage slope
IK RK RK Voltage slope
IK
GL GL
RF RF RF 2
R1 R2 R0 R1 R0
rUbPaB ES23A tg;súügCMh‘an nigtg;súügb:H b¤Ep¥k
¬1¦ ExSdIsRmab;brikçarGKÁisnI
kñúgvKÁenHedIm,IbBaØtþiGMBIsuvtßiPaBExSdI edIm,IbgáareRKaHfñak; EdlbNþalmkBImkkarRCabcrnþ
b¤karqøgcrnþeTAdI . edIm,IgayRsYlnwgeFVI[er:suIsþg;dImantMélTab kñúgmaRtaTI 39rbs; GREPTS
karP¢ab;CamYybNþajExSdIkñúgGnusßanIy EdlCakEnøgP¢ab;RbB½n§ExSNWtd¾rwgmMa EdlRtUv)aneKGnuvtþ .
230
tarag ES23A ]TahrN_ rbs;kargarExSdI
RbePT]bkrN_GKÁisnI
RbePTkargarExSdI ]TahrN_
]bkrN_GKÁisnI ]bkrN_GKÁisnI rbgelah³sMrab;]bkrN_

tg;súügx<s; cMNat;fñak; A tg;súügx<s; b¤mFüm GKÁisnItg;súügx<s; b¤mFüm
]bkrN_GKÁisnI
tg;súümFüm
]bkrN_GKÁisnItg;súüg 400V3φ m:UT½rbIhVa 400V TUbBa¢ar

Tab (x<s;Cag 300V ) cMNat;fñak; C
230V m:UT½r
]bkrN_GKÁisnItg;súüg
cMNat;fñak; D
Tab (300V b¤Tab)
¬2¦ ExSdIsMrab;Epñkcmøgrbs;]bkrN_GKÁisnI
k> ExSdIsMrab;brikçarRtg;sVÚ
ExSdIkñúgcMNat;fñak; A RtUv)anGnuvtþkñúgtg;süúgx<s; nigtg;súügmFümrbs;brikçarRtg;sVÚ edIm,I
karBaresoKVIGKÁisnItg;süúgTabkñúgrb‘umTIBIrrbs;Rtg;sVÚ BIeRBaHtg;súügEdlekIteLIgkñúgrb‘umTIBIrrbs;
Rtg;sVÚmantMélFM ehIyeRKaHfñak;GaceFVI[xUcGuIsUeLT½rrbs;rb‘umExSbUb‘Ín)an .
RbPBfamBl RbPBfamBl
bnÞúk bnÞúk
rUbPaB ES23B ]TahrN_rbs;ExSdI énbrikçarrbs;Rtg;sVÚm:aVT½r

231
x> karP¢ab;ExSdIrbs;;Rtg;sVÚbMerIkarkñúgGnusßanIy_
eKalkarN_RKw³kñúgmaRtaenHmanTsSn³dUcKñakñúgmaRta39rbs;l½kçx½NÐTUeTAénsþg;dabec©keTs
GKÁisnIEdl)anEcgfacMNat;fñak; B ExSdIRtUv)aneKtemøIgenAcMnucNWt Epñktg;süúgTabénRtg;sVÚtg;süúg
mFüm¼Tab .
K> karP¢ab;ExSdIsRmab;rbuMlMnwgtg;súügrbs;;Rtg;sVÚm:aT½r
kñúgkrNIEdlmankarP¢ab;ExSdIsRmab;rbuMlMnwg nigrbuMmineRbIkarEpñktg;súügx<s; nigmFüm
rbs;Rtg;sVÚm:aT½r karP¢ab;ExSdIRtUvtemøIgcMNat;fñak; A .
rbuMlMnwgsRmab;bB©úaHGaMBIdg;hVasUnüénrbuMpáay-páayrbs;Rtg;sVÚ . karP¢ab;rbuMCamYyesoKVI
GKÁisnI xageRkA dUcCaExSbNþajEckcay minRtUvP¢ab;CamYyExSdIeT .
karP¢ab;ExSdIfñak; A
rUbPaB ES23C karP¢ab;ExSdIsRmab;rbuMlMnwg

kartP¢ab; Y-Y-Δ ¬sþa-sþa-Edlta¦
kartP¢ab; Y-Y-Δ ¬sþa-sþa-Edlta¦ rYmman kartP¢ab;rb‘uM Y-Y ¬sþa-sþa¦ nigrb‘uMlMnwg (((***)))
TMrg;rbs;vaKWkartP¢ab;CaEdlta Δ .
lkçN³énkartP¢ab; Y-Y-Δ mandUcxageRkam ³
1-TaMgrbu‘MTImYy nigrbu‘MTI2 GacP¢ab;ExSdIsRmab;cMNucNWt ehIyGackat;bnßytg;süúgenAeBl
EdlmankMhUcExSdIekIteLIg .
2 - KµanmMuhVaxusKñarvaghVanImYy²enArb‘MuTI1 ehIynigrbu‘MTI2 ehIy)anbegáItcrnþGam:UnikTI3
qøgkat;rb‘MurkSalMnwg . enHehIyCaehtuEdlGackat;bnßynUvcrnþGam:UnikTI3 tamhVanImYy² .

3-GaMeb:dg;énhVasUnürbs;Rtg;sVÚGackat;bnßy BIeRBaHcrnþhVasUnüEdlekIteLIgkñúgkrNIman
qøgcrnþb:HdIelIExSbNþajeTal Gacqøgtamrb‘MurkSalMnwg .
232
1>2 karP¢ab;ExSdIenAEpñkcrnþRtLb;mkvijtamdIrbs;RbB½n§ SWER
eragcRkGKÁisnI
tg;süúg tg;süúgTab
mFüm
rUbPaB ES23D karP¢ab;ExSdIenAEpñkcrnþvilRtLb;mkvijtamdIrbs;RbB½n§ SWER

1>3 karP¢ab;ExSdIsRmab;]bkrN_karBarrnÞH
kñúgmaRtaenH)anpþl;karENnaMGMBIer:suIsþg;dIsRmab;]krN_karBarrnÞH . ]krN_karBarrnÞH dUcCa
ExSdIGakas nigExSdIeGLicRtUt RtUv)aneKtemøIggenAeRkAGnusßanIy edIm,IkarBarrnÞH)aj;pÞal; .
témøer:suIsþg;dI kMNt; 10GUmsMrab;fñak; A . témøenHk¾eKGacbB©úaH[TabCagenHtamEtGaceFVIeTA)an
edIm,I[karkarBarrnÞHkan;EtmanRbsiT§PaB .
ExSdIGakas
rUbPaB ES 23 E ExSdIGakas
233
ExSdIeGLicRtUt
rUbPaB ES 23 F ExSdIeGLicRtÚt
1>4 karP¢ab;ExSdIsRmab;karBarcrnþRcalEdlekItedayrnÞH
kñúgmaRtaenH)anpþl; nigTamTartémøer:suIsþg;dIsRmab;karBarcrnþRcalEdlekItedayrnÞH . témø
er:suIsþg;dIGb,brmaEdleKkMNt;KW 10 GUm fñak; A . témøenHk¾eKGacbB©úaH[TabCagenHtam
EdlGaceFVIeTA)an edIm,I[karkarBarcrnþRcalEdlekItedayrnÞH kan;EtmanRbsiT§PaB .
2 lkçN³énkarerobcMExSdI
2>1 lkçN³énExScmøgrbs;ExSdI
¬1¦kmøaMgFn;emkanikrbs;ExScmøgrbs;ExSdI
kñúgmaRtaenH)anpþl;karENnaM;eRCIserIskRmas;¬muxkat;¦ExSdI . muxkat;Gb,brmaRtUv)an
eRCIsykedayGaRs½yelIkMlaMgFn;emkanik .
muxkat;ExSEbbenHGacGnuvtþeTA)aneTAelIExSdI edayminmancrnþqøgkat;eTAdIenAeBlmaneRKaH
fñak; . dUcenH rbgelah³ nigrbgkarBar EdlcuHbBa¢IkñúgmaRta 23-1>1>2 rbs;l½kçx½NÐ
lMGitGacGnuvtþ .
¬2¦ PaBFn;nwgkmøaMgkMedArbs;ExScmøgExSdI
rUbmnþxageRkamenHRtUv)aneKeRbIsMrab;KNnatMélExSTg;Edg. (ANSI/IEEE sþg;da 80,1986)
TCAP  10 4  K  Tm 
AI
tc   r   r
log e  0  --------- rUbmnþTI 1
 K 0  Ta 
234
Edl I crnþ ¬KILÚGMEBr¦
A muxkat;ExSEdlRtUveRCIserIs ¬mm2¦
Tm sItuNðPaBGnuBaØatGtibrma ¬GgSaes¦
Ta sItuNðPaBEdlenACMuvij ¬GgSaes¦
K 0  1 /  0 or (1 /  r )  Tr
Tr sItuNðPaBrbs;Edl)ankMNt;kñúgtémøefr ¬GgSaes¦
r emKuNsItuNðPaBkñúgtMél T r
r er:suIsþIvIetrbs;ExS kñúgtMél T (cm) ¬mIRkÚGUm sg;TIEm:Rt¦

r
0 emKuNsItuNðPaB kñúgsUnüGgSaes
tc ry³eBlmankMhUcCab;Kña ¬vinaTI¦
TCAP emKuNfamBlkMedA ¬sUl¼sm3¼GgSaes¦
tarag ES23B PaBefrrbs;ExSRbePTTg;Edg
kMedA sItuNðPaBrlay  r (20oC) TCAP
matika  r (20oC) K0
(cm) ( J / cm 3 / oC )
(%) ( oC)
ExSTg;EdgsuT§ 100.0 0.00393 234 1083 1.7241 3.422
ExSTg;Edgman
97.0 0.00381 242 1084 1.7774 3.422
bNþÚlelah³
kñúgkrNIEdl T a rUmnþTI 1 RtUv)anbMElgedayeRbITinñn½yrbs;ExSTg;Edgs½gáelah³xagelI
 40 o C ,
6
8.5  10  t
AI --------- rUmnþTI 2
 T 
log 10   1
 274 
Edl A muxkat;ExSEdlRtUveRCIserIs ¬mm2¦
I crnþeBlmankMhUc (Three-phase short circuit) ¬GMEBr¦
T karekIneLIgsItuNðPaBGnuBaØatGtibrmaénExScmøgExSdI ¬GgSaes¦
t ry³eBlmankMhUcCab;Kña ¬vinaTI¦
]TahrN_sMrab;KNnamuxkat;ExScmøgExSdI KWeyagtamrUbmnþTI2 EdlkMNt;kñúgtarag ES23C.
235
tarag ES23C ]TahrN_sRmab;KNnamuxkat;ExScmøgExSdI edayKitKUrGMBIPaBFn;kMedA
tg;súügNUmINal; crnþKYbesoKVI ry³eBlKYbesoKVI muxkat;ExSEdlRtUveRCIserIs
(kV) (kA) (sec) (mm2)
230 50 1 179
115 40 1 143
31.5 1 113
22 25 2 127
kMNt;sMKal; ³ karekIneLIgsItuNðPaBGnuBaØatGtibrmaénExScmøgExSdI KW 1000 GgSaes

2>2 smÖar³ExSdIsRmab;ExSNWt
RbB½n§ExSdIsRmab;ExSNWt
cMNucNWter:suIsÞ½r niger:Gak;T½r RtÚv)aneKeRbIR)as;sRmab;P¢ab;RbB½n§ExSdI . eKalbMNgénkar
eRbIR)as;RbB½n§ExSdIsRmab;ExSNWt mandUcxageRkam ³
 karBarkarekIteLIgtg;süúgminRbRktIenAelIExSbNþajGKÁisnI edaysarcrnþqøgb:HdI
EdlbegáItedayFñÚrGKÁisnIénrnÞH)aj;
 kat;bnßyGuIsULg;sRmab;ExSbNþajGKÁisnI nig]bkrN_GKÁisnI edayRtÜtBinitükar
ekIteLIgtg;süúghVakñúgkrNImancrnþqøgb:HdI
 Fana[mantg;süúg b¤crnþEdlGac[dMeNIrkar]bkrN_karBar b¤rWeldMeNIrkar
)anRtwmRtÚv edIm,Ipþac;EpñkEdlxUc[)anqab; edaysRmÜlcrnþhUreTAcMNucNWt
kñúgkrNImancrnþqøgb:HdI .
RbePTénRbB½n§ExSdIsRmab;ExSNWt mandUcxageRkam ³
¬1¦ RbB½n§ExSdIpÞal;
 cMNucNWtmYyRtÚvP¢ab;eTAdIedaypÞal;
 min[ekItmantg;süúgminRbRktI
 vaGackat;bnßyGuIsULg;sRmab;]bkrN¾GKÁisnI BIeRBaHtg;süúgénhVaeFobnwgdIminekIn
eLIgeRcIn kñúgkrNImancrnþqøgb:HdI
 RtÚvEteFVIkarvas;Evg BIeRBaHmankarrMxanedaysarGaMgDúcsüúgeTAelIExSkabKmnaKmn_
enAeBleRKaHfñak;ekIteLIg .
 ]bkrN_karBar b¤rWeldMeNIrkar)anRtwmRtÚv BIeRBaHcrnþqøgb:HeTAdImantémøFM
 TamTar[manRbB½n§pþac;el,ÓnelOn nigP¢ab;eLIgEdleFVI[\T§iBlelIExSbNþajbBa¢Ún
kan;EttUctamEtGaceFVIeTA)an .
236
¬2¦ er:suIsþg;RbB½n§ExSdI
 cMNucNWtmYyRtÚvP¢ab;eTAdIedayeRbIer:suIsþg;
 enAeBlEdltémøer:suIsþg;RtÚv)ankMNt; TaMgdMeNIrkarEdleCOTukcitþén]bkrN_karBar b¤
rWel nigkarrMxanF¶n;F¶redaysarGaMgDúcsüúgeTAelIExSkabKmnaKmn_RtÚveFVIkarBicarNa
 tg;süúgénhVaeFobnwgdIekIneLIg GaRs½ynwgtémøer:suIsþg;
 karrMxanGaMgDúcsüúgeTAelIExSkabKmnaKmn_ GacmankRmitTab RbsinebIer:suIsþg; RtÚv
kMNt;témøx<s;
¬3¦ RbB½n§ExSdIer:Gak;tg;edayrbuMruMCargVg;
 cMNucNWtmYyRtÚvP¢ab;eTAdIedayeRbIrbuMEdkruMCargVg;Edlmaner:Gak;tg; maneresanng;
CamYyka):asuItg;énExSbNþajGKÁisnIeTAdI Edlcrnþqøgb:HeTAdItamExSmYyKYrEtmantémø
sUnüGMEBr .
cMNucNWt
E
L Ig
rbuMruMCargVg; crnþqøgb:HeTAdI
C
IL IC
IC
IC 
IL Ig 2
L E 3C E
3 
2
IL
I g  I C  I L  j3CE  E  jE  3C  1 
jL  L 
RbsinebItémø L kMNt; L
1
32 C,
I g  0
rUbPaB ES 23 G PaBxÞrCamYyka):asuIstg;esoKVI
237
 manlT§PaBekIteLIgtg;süúgminRbRktI
 mankrNICaeRcIn enAeBlmancrnþqøgb:HdINamYyekIteLIg dUcCaekItmanrnÞH)aj; BnøW
GNþatePøIgGKÁisnIRtÚv)anBnøt;Tan;eBl nigkardMeNIrkarenAEtbnþedayKµandac;crnþ .
 karxUcxatExScmøg begáalRT dUcCaGuIsULaT½rRTExSGKÁisnIGackat;bnßy kñúgkrNI
mancrnþqøgb:HdI
 karrMxanGaMgDúcsüúgeTAelIExSkabKmnaKmn_ Gackat;bnßykñúgkrNImankMhUcekIteLIg
 kardMeNIrkarRbB½n§enH manlkçN³sµúKsµajxøaMg
 karcMNaysRmab;sagsg;RbB½n§enH mantémøx<s;ebIeRbobeFobnwgRbB½n§déT
¬4¦ RbB½n§ExSNWtenAdac;BIeK
 cMNucNWtminRtÚv)anP¢ab;eTAdIeT
 GacmankrNItg;süúgminRbRktIekIteLIg
 mankar)armÖfa tg;süúghVaeFobnwgdIekIneLIg 3 dg ¬vaesµInwgtg;süúghVa nighVa¦
 kñúgkrNImancrnþqøgb:HdI dUecñHcaM)ac;edIm,IbEnßmkmøaMgFn;GuIsULg;
 karrMxanGaMgDúcsüúgeTAelIExSkabKmnaKmn_ Gackat;bnßykñúgkrNImankMhUcekIteLIg
 caM)ac;RtÚveRbI]bkrN_ b¤rWelkarBar BIeRBaHtémøcrnþqøgb:HdItUc .

tg;süúgTab
1> lkçN³BiessénkaP¢ab;ExSdI
1>1 eGLicRtUtrbs;ExSdI
vtßúFatu nigTMhMéneGLicRtUtrbs;ExSdI RtÚveKENnaMenAkñúg IEC 60364-5-54 dUctarag ES24A.
tarag ES24A TMhMGb,brmaFmµtasRmab;eGLicRtÚtExSdIénvtßúFatueRbIR)as;TUeTA EdlKitGMBIPaBERcH
nigPaBFn;xagemkanicsRmab;EpñkEdlkb;kñúgdI
TMhMGb,brma
kRmas;eRsam
vtßúFatu épÞxageRkA sNæan Ggát;pit© muxkat; kRmas; RClk; ¼ eRsam
mm mm2 mm témømYy² témømFüm
mIRkÚEm:Rt mIRkÚEm:Rt
Edk bnÞHk 90 3 63 70
238
eRsabsMNr elah³ragmUl
):ahaMgk b¤ sRmab;eGLicRtÚt 16 63 70
GuINukk/x Edlkb;kñúgdIeRCA
ExSmUlsRmab;épÞ
10 50g
eGLicRtÚtq
bMBg;TIb 25 2 47 55
elah³ragmUl
eRsabTg;Edg sRmab;eGLicRtÚt 15 2 000
Edlkb;kñúgdIeRCA
Edlman elah³ragmUl
RsTab;Tg;Edg sRmab;eGLicRtÚt 14 90 100
Edlkb;kñúgdIeRCA
Rsat 50 2
ExSmUlsRmab;épÞ
25c
k eGLicRtÚtq
Rsat
1/8ExSbI
rmU 25
Tg;Edg dac;BIKña
TIb 20 2
RClk;sMNr 1/8ExSbI
rmU 25 1 5
)a:haMg dac;BIKña
RClk;s½gásI RsatX 50 2 20 20
k GacRtÚveRbIsRmab;eGLicRtÚtkb;kñúgsuIm:g;
x minmaneRsab
K CabnÞHExSrmU b¤ExSRsatvHeRsamecj EdlmanCayragmUl
X ExSbnÞHEdlmanCayragmUl
g kñúgkrNIEdlRtaMTwkCaRbcaM RtwmkRmas; 50 mIRkUEm:Rt KWGaceRbI)antamlkçN³bec©keTs
enAeBlbc©úb,nñ
c tambTBiesaFn_bgðajfa PaBRbfuyRbfannwgERcH nigkarxUcxatxagemkanic KWmancMnYnTab
Nas;muxkat; 16mm2 GaceRbIR)as;)an
q eGLicRtÚtdI RtÚveKKitBicarNaelIépÞeGLicRtÚt enAeBleKtemøIgkñúgCeRmAmYyminelIsBI 0/5 m
239
Éksareyag
er:suIsþg;dIrbs;eGLicRtÚtdImYycMnYnEdlmansNæangayRsÜleFVIkarKNnatamtarag ES23B
tamkarsnµt;fa manépÞsmskþanuBlenAxageRkamdI niglMhUrcrnþbBaÄreTAkñúgeGLicRtÚt .
tarag ES24B rUbmnþCaRTwsþIsRmab;KNnaer:suIsþg;dI
sNæanéneGLicRtÚtdI rUbmnþCaRTwsIþsRmab;KNna
elah³ragmUl
épÞmuxelIrbs;dI
RbsinebI L  d
L
2L  d 2L
 ln  ln
R d  d
2L 2L
elah³ragmUl
épÞmuxelIrbs;dI
t
  1 2t L  d  1 L  2t 
R  ln  ln 
2  L dL  2t  L  t t 
elah³ragmUl
épÞmuxelIrbs;dI  1 2t L  d  
R   ln 
 2L d(L  2t ) 
L  6t    q 
t
 1
  ln 
d
  q L  6t    q 
L
eBlEdl
q  16tL   2 L  2t 
2
240
elah³ragsMEb:tbYnRCúgRTEvg
épÞmuxelIrbs;dI
earth t
  1  2 1  1 
R      ln 2
2  2  ab t  t 
a b
enAeBl/
 ³ er:suIsÞIvIetrbs;dI
ln ³ LÚhÁrItNWt
1>2 ExScmøgsRmab;ExSdI nigExScmøgsRmab;ExSkarBar

IEC 60364-5-54 “kartemøIgeRKÓgGKÁisnIrbs;GKar-kareRCIserIs nigkartemøIgeRKÓgGKÁisnI-
karerobcMRbB½n§ExSdI ExSkarBar nigExScMNgkarBar” pþl;nUvkmµvtßúsþIGMBIExSdI nigExSkarBar .
taragTaMgLayenAkñúgmaRta 24 énl½kçx½NÐlm¥iténsþg;dabec©keTsGKÁisnIkñúgRBHraCaNacRk
km<úCaRtÚv)anpþl;edayeyageTAtamsþg;da IEC . eTaHCay:agNa ktþaemKuN k kñúgtarag 11C
RtÚv)aneFVI[gayRsYlkñúgkarKNna . kñúgl½kçx½NÐxusBIkarkt;sMKal;kñúgtarag 11C RtÚveRbItarag
xageRkamCaCMnYy .
tarag ES 24 C muxkat;Gb,brmaénExSkarBar
muxkat;ExS muxkat;Gb,brmaénExSkarBar (mm2)
bNþajGKÁisnI RbsinebIExSbNþajGKÁisnI RbsinebIExSbNþajGKÁisnI nigExSkarBar
2
S (mm ) nigExSkarBar eFVIBIvtßúFatuEtmYy eFVIBIvtßúFatuxusKña
S≤16 S k1/k2 × S
16<S≤35 16 k1/k2 ×16
S>35 S/2 k1/k2 ×S/2
* k1 KWCatémø k sRmab;ExSbNþaj nigRtÚveRCIserIsBItarag ES24D

* k2 KWCatémø k sRmab;ExSbNþaj nigRtÚveRCIserIsBItarag ES24 E eTA 24 I
241
tarag ES24D témøén k1 sRmab;ExSbNþaj
vtßúFatuénExScmøg
GuIsULg;rbs;ExScmøg Tg;Edg GaluymIjm:Ú
témøsRmab; k
PVC 300mm2 115 76

PVC > 300mm
2 103 68
EPR/XLPE 143 94
60 GgSaes/ ekAsU‘ 141 93
* k sRmab;GuIsULg;rbs;ExScmøgRbePTepSg² manenAkñúgtarag
1 IEC 30364-4-43
tarag ES24E témøén k2 sRmab;ExScmøgmanGuIsULg;karBar EdlminbBa©ÚlKñakñúgkab

nigminruMCamYykabdéTeTot
sItuNðPaB vtßúFatuénExScmøg
GuIsULg;rbs;ExScmøg GgSaes ( C)x o Tg;Edg GaluymIjm:Ú Edk
dMNak;kaldMbUg dMNak;kalcugeRkay témøsRmab; k
k k
70 C PVC
o 30 160¼140 143¼133 95¼88k 52¼49k
90 C PVC
o 30 160¼140k 143¼133k 95¼88k 52¼49k
60 C ekAsU‘rwg
o 30 250 176 116 64
60 C ekAsU‘
o 30 200 159 105 58
85 C ekAsU‘
o 30 220 166 110 60
ekAsU‘ suIlIkun 30 350 201 133 73
k 2
témøTabCagGnuvtþsRmab;ExScmøgmanGuIsULg; PVC Edlmanmuxkat;FMCag 300mm
b
kRmitsuItN
u ðPaBsRmab;GuIsULg;RbePTepSg² manenAkñúgtarag IEC 60724
242
tarag ES24F témøén k2 sRmab;ExSkarBarRsat Bak;B½n§nwgsMbkkab bu:EnþminruMCamYykabdéT
k
sMbkkab GgSaes ( C)
o Tg;Edg GaluymIjm:Ú Edk
PVC 3 30 200 159 105 58
bU:lIeGTIELn 30 150 138 91 50
CSP3 30 220 166 110 60
k
kRmitsuItN
tarag ES24G témøén k2 sRmab;ExSkarBarmanbNþÚlcUlKñakñúgkabmYy b¤ruMbBa©ÚlCamYykabdéT

b¤ExScmøgmaneRsabGuIsULg;
x
GuIsULg;rbs;ExScmøg GgSaes ( C) o Tg;Edg GaluymIjm:Ú Edk
k k
70 C PVC
o 70 115¼103 115¼103 76¼68k 42¼37k
90 C PVC
o 90 160¼140k 100¼86k 66¼57k 36¼31k
90 C ekAsU‘rwg
o 90 250 176 94 52
60 C ekAsU‘
o 60 200 159 93 51
85 C ekAsU‘
o 85 220 166 89 48
ekAsU‘ suIlIkun 180 350 201 87 47
k
témøTabCagGnuvtþsRmab;ExScmøgmanGuIsULg; PVC Edlmanmuxkat;FMCag 300mm2
b
kRmitsuItuNðPaBsRmab;GuIsULg;RbePTepSg² manenAkñúgtarag IEC 60724
243
tarag ES24H témøén k sRmab;ExScmøgmanGuIsULg;karBarCaRsTab;Edkrbs;kab
2
dUcCa ):anEdk/ eRsabEdk/ ExScmøg Concentric .l.
x
GuIsULg;rbs;ExScmøg GgSaes ( C) o Tg;Edg GaluymIjm:Ú sMN Edk
70 C PVCo 60 200 141 93 26 51
90 C PVC
o 80 200 128 85 23 46
90 C ekAsU‘rwg
o 80 200 128 85 23 46
60 C ekAsU‘
o 55 200 144 95 26 52
85 C ekAsU‘
o 75 220 140 93 26 51
x
Mineral PVC maneRsab 70 200 135 - - -
Mineral Bare Sheath m 105 250 135 - - -
k
kRmitsuItN
b
témøenH nwgRtÚveKeRbIpgEdrsRmab;ExScmøgRsat dak;enAkNþalvalGacb:HBal; b¤sarFatuGaceqH)an
tarag ES24I témøén k2 sRmab;ExScmøgRsat sRmab;TIkEnøgEdlminmaneRKaHfñak;

cMeBaHvtßúFatuenAEk,renaH edaymankMNt;suItuNðPaB
vtßúFatuénExScmøg
Tg;Edg GaluymIjm:Ú Edk
suItuNðPaB suItuNðPaB suItuNðPaB suItuNðPaB
l½kçx½NÐ k témø k témø k témø
dMbUg/ Co
Gtibrma/ C o
Gtibrma/ Co
Gtibrma/ Co
GacemIl)an
30 228 500 125 300 82 500
enAkñúgTItaMghamXat;
l½kçx½NÐFmµta 30 159 200 105 200 58 200
eRKaHfñak;edayePøIgeqH 30 138 150 91 150 50 150
TMnak;TMngrvagExSdI nigExSkarBar manbgðajkñúgrUbPaB ES24A
244
1
M
1
1 1-ExSkarBar
1 2-ExSdI
B B-RbGb;EbgEckExSdIem
M-EpñkGacqøgcrnþdak;enAkNþalval
2
T-eGLicRtÚtExSdI
T
rUbPaB ES24A ExSdI nigExSkarBar

1>3 kartemøIgeGLicRtÚtExSdI nigExSdI
enAeBlmanlMhUrcrnþeTAkñúgeGLicRtÚtExSdI nigExSdI tg;süúgekItmanrvagdI nigeGLicRtÚtdI
edaysarer:suIsþg;rbs;eGLicRtÚtkñúgdI ehIytg;süúgCMralekItmaneLIgenAépÞxagelIdICuMvijeGLicRtÚt
kñúgdI . dUecñH enATIkEnøgEdltemøIgExSdIfñak; A nigfñak; B eGLicRtÚtkñúgdIRtÚvEtkb;kñúgCeRmA
smRsbmYy ehIyExSdIRtÚvkb;kñúgCeRmABI 75 sg;TIEm:Rt EpñkeRkamdI b¤mankm<s; 2m EpñkelIdI
nigdak;kñúgbMBg;TIbkarBar EdlmanKuNPaBGIusULg; b¤ExlepSgeTogEdlmanPaBFn;Rbhak;RbEhl
b¤x<s;Cag ¬eyagtamrUbPaB ES24B¦.
enAeBltg;süúgekIteLIgedaysarmanlMhUrcrnþeTAkñúgExSdI vaRtÚvbBa¢ÚnpÞal;eTAbegÁalEdk b¤
tg;süúgRtÚvbBa¢ÚneTAbegÁalEdkEdlenACiteGLicRtÚtenAkñúgdI tg;süúgCRmalnwgeLIgx<s;enAépÞelIdI .
vaküx½NÐenHEcgGMBIkarecosvagkarqk;GKÁisnImnusS nigstV edaysartg;süúgCMralrebobenH .
ExSdI ExSdI
TIbkarBar Synthetic Resin TIbkarBar Synthetic Resin

begÁalsuIm:g;
2m b¤x<s;Cag
begÁalEdk
2m b¤x<s;Cag
75 s>m b¤x<s;Cag 75 s>m b¤x<s;Cag
75 s>m b¤eRCACag 75 s>m b¤eRCACag
eGLicRtÚtExSdI
eGLicRtÚtExSdI 30 s>m b¤x<s;Cag
eGLicRtÚtExSdI
rUbPaB ES24B kartemøIgExSdI nigeGLicRtÚtExSdIsRmab; fñak; A nigfñak; B
Rtg;sVÚr
22K>v:¼400v:ul
3hVa 22K>v: 245 400v:ul RbGb;bBa¢a
rUbPaB ES24C ]TahrN_énkartemøIgExSdI
2 er:suIsþg;ExSdIfñak; B
2>1 esoKVIGKÁisnItg;süúgmFümKµanRbB½n§ExSNWt
¬1¦ esoKVIGKÁisnIEdleRbIExScmøgGKÁisnIeRkABIExSkab
crnþqøgb:HdItamExSeTal (Ig) KWKNnatamrUbmnþEdlbgðajkñúgrUb ES24D
a Ig
b V Xc
√3 (3C)
c
C C C
Ig
a V
Ib √3
Ig = = √3 ωCV
1
Ia ω(3C)
N
c b
rUbPaB ES24D karKNnacrnþqøgb:HdItamExSeTal
ExScmøg a
246 a: kaMénExScmøg
h : km<s;énExScmøgBIdI
rUbPaB ES24E karKNnaka):asuItg;rvagExScmøg nigdI
crnþqøgb:HdI (Ig) sRmab;esoKVIGKÁisnIEdleRbIExScmøgeRkABIExSkab RtÚvKNnadUcteTA ³

¬l½kçx½NÐkñúgkarKNna¦
briyay témø ehtuplkñúgkareRCIserIs
témøenH manenAkñúgmaRta 54 énl½kxç ½NÐTUeTAénsþg;da
km<s;énExSbNþajGakas 5/5 m bec©keTsGKÁisnIkñúgRBHraCancRkkm<úCa :km<s;énExSbNþaj
tg;süúgmFüm minRtÚvTabCag 5/5 m :
TMhMGtibrmaénExSbNþajtg;süúgmFüm Edl)aneRbIeday
RbePTExScmøg 150 mm2 AAC
GKÁisnIkm<úCa
kaMénExScmøg 8/04 mm BItaragExScmøgxagelI
témøka):asuItg; ¬C¦ KWKNnaedayeRbIR)as;rUbmnþ kñúgrUbPaB ES24E

0.02413  10 9
C
2h
log 10
a
0.02413  10 9

log 10 2  5.5 0.008
 7.689  10 12 F m 
dUecñH kareRbIrUbmnþénrUPaB ES24D

I g  3CV
 3  2  50  7.689  10 12  22  103
 0.092 /¬GaMEBr¼KILÚEm:Rt¦
247
eyagtammaRta 39 énl½kçx½NÐTUeTAénsþg;dabec©keTsGKÁisnIkñúgRBHraCancRkkm<úCa er:suIsþg;
dIfñak; B (R ) RtÚvmantémø 10GUm b¤TabCag ehIyenAeBl 230 mantémøTabCag 10/ er:suIsþg;
B
Ig
RtÚvmantémø 230 b¤TabCag .

Ig
müa:geTot enAeBl Ig mantémøFMCag 32GMEBr [RbEvgénExScmøgEvgCag 250 KILÚEm:Rt ¬

230 = 250 KILÚEm:Rt¦]/ témøén 230 RtÚveRbIsRmab;kMNt; R .
B
0.092 Ig
250 KILÚEm:Rt énRbEvgExScmøg mann½yfa 83/3 KILÚEm:Rt énRbEvgExS . témøenHvax<s;

eBksRmab;ExSbNþajtg;süúgmFüm .
dUecñHeKGacyl;)anfa 230 nwgminRtÚvBicarNakareRbIR)as;ExScmøgGKÁisnIsRmab;esoKVIGKÁisnI
Ig
eRkABIExSkabeLIy .
¬2¦ esoKVIGKÁisnIEdleRbIExSkabsRmab;CaExScmøgGKÁisnI b¤esoKVIGKÁisnIEdleRbIkab nigcmøg

eRkABIkabsRmab;CaExScmøgGKÁisnI
crnþRCabeTAdItamExSeTal (Ig) sRmab;esoKVIGKÁisnIEdleRbIkabsRmab;CaExScmøgGKÁisnI KWRtÚv
KNnadUcxageRkam ³
briyay témø ehtuplkñúgkareRCIserIs
GKÁisnIkm<úCa )aneRbIExStg;süúgmFümTMhMGtibrma
3 x 240 mm2 GaluymIjm:Ú
RbePTExSkab 2 3 x 240 mm2 GaluymIj:Úm . edayBicarNaGMBI
3 x 300 mm GaluymIjm:Ú
kRmitsvtßiPaB TMhMFMCagenH k¾GacBicarNaeRbIEdr
témøenH GaRs½yelIeragcRkplit . ka)a:suItg;rvag
ka)a:suItg;énExScmøg 350 nF¼KILÚEm:Rt 300 nig 350 nF¼KILÚEm:Rt eKRtÚveRCIserIsyktémø
Gtibrma
I g  3CV
 3  2  50  350  10 9  22  10 3
 4.19 A km 
(i) enAeBl 230/I RtÚvykeTAGnuvtþsRmab;KNnaer:suIsþg;dIfñak; B
() / l : RbEvgExS ¬KILÚEm:Rt¦

230 18.3
RB  
4.19  3  l l
(i) enAeBl 600/I RtÚvykeTAGnuvtþsRmab;KNnaer:suIsþg;dIfñak; B
248
RB 
600
4.19  3  l

47.7
l
() / l: RbEvgExS ¬KILÚEm:Rt¦
100
80
RB (?) 600/I
60
40
20
0
0 1 2 3 4 5
RbEvgExS ¬KILÚEm:Rt¦
rUbPaB ES 24 F TMMnak;TMngrvager:suIsþg;dIfñak; B nigRbEvgExS
tarag 11E nig 11F kñúgmaRta 24 énl½kçx½NÐlm¥iténsþg;dabec©keTsGKÁisnIkñúgRBHraCaNacRk

km<úCa)anseRmceTAtamkarBicarNaxagelI .
]TahrN_
smÁal;
ExScmøgGKÁisnIeRkABIExSkab
eRbIkabsRmab;CaExScmøgGKÁisnI
krNITI1
Rtg;sVÚr
¬GnusßanIy¦ F1  3/3 KILÚEm:Rt
eyagtammaRta 24>2>1¬1¦
er:suIsþg;dIfñak; RtÚvmantémø
F2  4/5 KILEÚ m:Rt 10GUm b¤ tUcCag
krNITI2 F3  6/7 KILÚEm:Rt

Rtg;sVÚr L= 0/9 + 1/2 + 1/5
¬GnusßanIy¦ = 3/6 ¬KILÚEm:Rt¦
F1  0/9 KILÚEm:Rt
eyagtammaRta24>2>1¬2¦
er:suIsþg;dIfñak; B (RB)
F2  1/2 KILÚEm:Rt RtÚvmantémø dUcxageRkam ³
RB  5 GUm (RbsinebI
eKseRmceday 230/I)
RB  10 GUm (RbsinebI
F3  1/5 KILÚEm:Rt eKseRmc eday 600/I)
249
krNITI3
Rtg;sVÚr
¬GnusßanIy¦ F1  3/3 L= 1/3 + 1/4 + 1/7
KILÚEm:Rt = 4/4 ¬KILÚEm:Rt¦
 1/3 KILÚEm:Rt
eyagtammaRta24>2>1¬2¦
er:suIsþgd; Ifñak; B (R )
B
F2  4/5 RtÚvmantémø dUcxageRkam ³

KILÚEm:Rt R  5 GUm (RbsinebI
 1/4 KILEÚ m:Rt B
eKseRmceday 230/I)
R  10 GUm (RbsinebI
6/7
B
F3 
eKseRmceday 600/I)
KILÚEm:Rt
 1/7 KILÚEm:Rt
2>1 esoKVIGKÁisnItg;süúgmFüménRbB½n§ExSNWtdIrYmKña
V2
I2  I1   10 6
2
2
3R
* cMnYneRkayek,óstUcCagcMNucTsPaKRtUvtemøIg[dl;elxKt;
I2 : crnþqøgb:HdItamry³ExSeTal ¬GMEBr¦
I1 : crnþqøgb:HdIExSeTalénesoKVIGKÁisnIkñúgkrNImineRbIRbB½n§ExSNWtP¢ab;CamYyExSdI
EdleKGacKNnatamRTwsþIedayeRbIrUbmnþ ¬GMEBr¦
V: tg;süúgNUmINal;énesOKVIGKÁisnI ¬KILÚvul: ¦
R: témøer:sIusþg;éner:suIsþg;Edl)aneRbIenAcMNucNWt ¬rYmbBa©Últémøer:suIsþg;dIéncMNucNWt¦/
¬GUm¦
TMnak;TMnghVaén I nig I manbgðajkñúgrUbPaB
2 1 ES24 G .
crnþExSeTalqøgb:HdItamRtÚvcat;TukfaCacrnþEdlkMBugqøg eyageTAtamtémøka):asuItg;vagExS
cmøg nigdI . dUecñH I nig I naMmux V nig V erog²Kña 90 GgSaes ¬90 C¦ . I naMmux E
a b ca cb
o
1 cn
90GgSaes ¬90 C¦ . o
müa:gvijeTot hVaén IR KWdUcKña dUcEdl Ecn ehIyKNnatam ³

E cn V 3 V
IR   
R R 3R
dUecñH crnþqøgb:HdItamExSeTal I KNnatam ³ 2
250
I2  I1  I R
2 2
a I2
a
a
N
I1
c b
b
c
ib
N
R IR
ib ia ia IR
I2
c b
rUbPaB ES24G crnþqøgb:HdItamExSeTalkñúgesoKVIGKÁisnItg;süúgmFüménRbB½n§ExSNWtdIrYmKña
3> RbB½n§ExSdIsRmab;ExSbNþajtg;süúgTab
Bnül;GMBIrUbKMnUs 2 RbB½n§ExSdI TT énl½kçx½NÐlMGit

PaBxusKñaénrUbKMnUs 2-1 nig rUbKMnUs2-2 KWkarxusKñaénRbB½n§pÁt;pÁg;tg;süúgTab
251
L1
L2
L3
N
ExSsRmab;karBar
RbB½n§ExSdI EpñkGacqøgcrnþdak;enAkNþalval
rUbKMnUs
2-1 RbB½n§ 3hVa 4ExS
L1
rbuMTI2énRtg;sVÚ 3hVa ExStg;süúgTab
¬Y¦
N bnÞúk 3hVa
L2
L3
L1
L2
L3
ExSsRmab;karBar
rUbKMnUs RbB½n§ExSdI EpñkGacqøgcrnþdak;enAkNþalval
2-2
RbB½n§ 3hVa 3ExS RbB½n§ 1hVa 3ExS bnÞúk
rbuMTI2énRtg;sVÚ 3hVa 1hVa
¬¦ L1
rbuMTI2énRtg;sVÚ 1hVa L1
ExStg;süúgTab
ExStg;süúgTab bnÞúk N(L3)
L2
3hVa L2
L3(N)
bnÞúk
1hVa
sMKal; ³ RbB½n§ExSdIenHCalkçN³bec©keTsRtUv)anGnuBaØat[eRbI
nigGacGnuvtþn¾)an EtkñúgkrNIxøHbu:eNÑaH .
252
RbB½n§ExSdI IT
eRkABIRbB½n§ TT nigRbB½n§ TN RbB½n§ IT mankMNt;enAkñúgsþg;da IEC60364-1 . RbB½n§ IT
manEpñkTaMgGs;minP¢ab;eTAdI b¤mancMNucmYyP¢ab;eTAdItamry³GaMBIdg; Epñkqøgcrnþdak;kNþalvalén
brikçaGKÁisnI RtÚvP¢ab;eTAdIdac;edayELk b¤edayrYm b¤P¢ab;eTARbB½n§ExSdI . BIeRBaHRB½n§enH min)an
eRbIR)as;enAkñúgRbeTskm<úCa nigmanlT§PaBkñúgkareRbIR)as;tictYc dUecñHRbB½n§enHminmankMNt;enAkñúg
maRta 24 énl½kçx½NÐlMGitenHeT .
L1 L1
L2 L2
L3 L3
GaMBIdg; GaMBIdg;
ExSkarBar ExSkarBar
RbB½n§ExSdI Epñkqøgcrnþdak;kNþalval RbB½n§ExSdI Epñkqøgcrnþdak;kNþalval
rUbKMnUs ES24H RbB½n§ IT

Bakübec©keTsEdleRbIkñúgsþg;da IEC
sþg;da IEC 60364 mansnþanRbB½n§ExSdI 3 EdleRbIR)as;kUdGkSr 2 TN, TT nig IT .
GkSrTI1 bBa¢ak;kartP¢ab;rvagdI nigbrikçapÁt;pÁg;GKÁisnI ¬ehSenr:aT½r b¤ Rtg;sVÚm:aT½r¦ .
T ³ karP¢ab;pÞal;éncMNucmYyeTAdI ¬ T mkBIPasa)araMg Terre¦
I ³ KµancMNucP¢ab;eTAdI ¬dac;edayELk¦ bu:EnþeBlxøHP¢ab;eTAdItamry³GaMBIdg;x<s;mYy
¬ I mkBIBakü Isolation¦
GkSrTI2 bBa¢ak;kartP¢ab;rvagdI nigEpñkqøgcrnþénbrikçaGKÁisnIdak;enAkNþalval .
T ³ karP¢ab;pÞal;eTAdI/ EpñkqøgcrnþénbrikçaGKÁisnIdak;enAkNþalval
N ³ P¢ab;eTAdItamry³cMNucNWténbNþajpÁt;pÁg;GKÁisnI ¬ N mkBIBakü Neutral¦
RbsinebIman 3 GkSr GkSrTI3 bBa¢ak;BIExScmøg N nigExScmøg PE .

S ³ ExScmøg N nigExScmøg PE dac;edayELkBIKña
C ³ ExScmøg N nigExScmøg PE bBa©ÚlrYmKñaEtmYy .
lkçN³énRbB½n§ExSdInImYy²
3>1 RbB½n§ TT
253
¬1¦ lkçN³
RbB½n§enHmancMNucmYyP¢ab;pÞal;eTAdI RtÚvtemøIgEpñkqøgcrnþdak;enAkNþalval edayP¢ab;eTA
eGLicRtÚtdIdac;edayELkBIeGLicRtÚtdIénRbB½n§ .
¬2¦ karkarBarTl;nwgkarqøgb:HdI
eKGaceRbIR)as;DIsg;T½rkarBarcrnþRCabeTAdI sRmab;karBarTl;nwgkarqøgb:HdI .
3>2 RbB½n§ TN
enARbB½n§enH RbB½n§ExSdI nigExSdIkarBarsuvtßiPaBbrikçaGKÁisnI KWeRbIbBa©ÚlrYmKña/ cMNuc
mYyenAkñúgRbB½n§RtÚvP¢ab;edaypÞal;eTAdI ehIyEpñkqøgcrnþdak;enAkNþalvalénbrikçaGKÁisnIRtÚvP¢ab;Ca
mYycMNucExSdIrbs;RbB½n§ edayeRbIExScmøgkarBar . manviFI 3y:ag sRmab;RbB½n§ TN .
¬1¦ RbB½n§ TN-S
k> lkçN³
kñúgRbB½n§ TN-S TaMgmUl ExScmøg N nigExScmøg PE RtUvEckdac;BIKña ehIyEpñk
qøgcrnþdak;enAkNþalvalP¢ab;eTAExScmøg PE .
x> karkarBarTl;nwgkarqøgb:HdI
eKGaceRbIR)as;DIsg;T½rkarBarcrnþRCabeTAdI b¤DIsg;T½rkarBarcrnþelIs .
¬2¦ RbB½n§ TN-C
k> lkçN³
kñúgRbB½n§ TN-C TaMgmUl tYnaTIrbs;ExSNWt nigExSkarBar KWrYmbBa©ÚlKñaCaExSEtmYy ¬ExS
PEN¦ ehIyEpñkqøgcrnþdak;enAkNþalvalP¢ab;eTAExS PEN .
vaminmankalM)aknwgkMNt;crnþhVasUnü BIeRBaHExS PEN RtÚv)aneKeRbITaMgsRmab; PE nig
N . dUecñH eKminGaceRbIR)as;DIsg;T½rkarBarcrnþRCabeTAdI . manEtDIsg;T½rkarBarcrnþelIseTEdl
eRbIR)as;)an . eTaHCay:agNak¾eday eKRtÚvBicarNaGMBIsuvtßiPaBkñúgkrNIeRbIR)as;vaCakarl¥

edIm,IkarBarEpñkxagcugTl;nwgkarqøgb:HdI edayeRbIDIsg;T½rkarBarcrnþRCabeTAdI kñúgl½kçx½NÐfa
EpñkxagcugRtÚv)anbþÚrBIRbB½n§ TN-C eTACaRbB½n§ TN-S . EdleKGacehARbB½n§TaMgmUlfa TN-S-C .
¬3¦ RbB½n§ TN-C-S
k> lkçN³
254
kñúgRbB½n§ TN-C-S TaMgmUl tYnaTIrbs;ExSNWt nigExSkarBar KWrYmbBa©ÚlKñaCaExSEtmYykñúg
EpñkmYyénRbB½n§ . ¬EpñkénRbB½n§ PEN eRbIExSrYmKñamYy¦ EdlenAcMNucmYycMnYnbMEbkCa PE nig
N dac;BIKña . vaGacmankarpÁt;pÁg;TaMg TN-S nig TN-C-S BIRtg;sVÚm:aT½rdUcKña .
eKGaceRbIR)as;DIsg;T½rkarBarcrnþelIsenAEpñkTaMgGs;énRbB½n§ ehIyeKGaceRbIDIsg;T½rkarBar
crnþRCabeTAdIenAEpñkEdleRbIRbB½n§ TN-S .
3>3 RbB½n§ IT
¬1¦ lkçN³
dUcExSdIRbB½n§Edr RbB½n§ExSdIdac;edayELkmYy b¤RbB½n§ExSdIeRbIer:suIsþg;x<s; RtÚvGnum½t
[eRbI . ehIyExSdIsuvtßiPaBénbrikçaGKÁisnI Epñkqøgcrnþdak;enAkNþalval KWrYmbBa©ÚlKñaeTAdIeRcIn
b¤TaMgGs;bBa©ÚlKña .
(*) RbB½n§ExSdIdac;edayELk³ RbB½n§ExSdI KWEpñkmancrnþTaMgGs;énRbB½n§RtUv enAdac;edayELkBIdI
RbB½n§ExSdIer:suIsþg;x<s;³ cMNucmYykñúgRbB½n§RtÚvrYmbBa©ÚleTAdIedayeRbIer:suIsþg;GaMBIdg;x<s;
¬2¦ karkarBarTl;nwgkarqøgb:HdI
vaminmankarlM)aknwgkMNt;crnþhVasUnü dUecñHCaTUeTAeKRtÚveRbI]bkrN_RtÜtBinitüGuIsULg;
edIm,IkMNt;GMBIkarqøgb:HdI .
tarag ES24J Bnül;GMBIRbB½n§ TT nigRbB½n§ TN ¬IEC 60364-1¦
RbB½n§ Bnül;
RbB½n§ TT manmYYycMnucRtUvP¢ab;eTAdIedaypÞal; nigkartemøIgEpñkcmøgcrnþdak;enAkNþalval
RbB½n§ TT RtUvP¢ab;eTAnwgeGLicRtÚtExSdIdac;edayELk minCab;eTAnwgeGLicRtÚtExSdIrbs;RbB½n§
bNþajeLIy .
RbB½n§ TN manmYYycMNucRtUvP¢ab;eTAdIedaypÞal; nigkartemøIgEpñkcmøgcrnþdak;enAkNþal
valénbrikçaRtUvP¢ab;eTAnwgcMNcu enaHedayExSkarBar . karP¢ab;ExSdItamRbB½n§ TN
manbI RbePTsRmab;eRbIR)as; GaRs½yelIkarerobcMExSNWt nigExSkarBardUcxageRkam³
RbB½n§ TN
RbB½n§ TN-S : kñúgRbB½n§TaMgmUl eKRtÚveRbIExSkarBardac;edayELkBIKña
RbB½n§ TN-C- : tYnaTIExSNWt nigExSkarBarKWrYmbBa©ÚlKñaCaExSEtmYy CaEpñkrbs;RbB½n§
RbB½n§ TN-C : tYnaTIExSNWt nigExSkarBar KWrYmbBa©ÚlKñaCaExSEtmYyenAkñúgRbB½n§TaMgmUl
RbB½n§ IT manRKb;Epñkmancrnþ RtÚvenAdac;BIdI b¤cMNucmYyP¢ab;eTAdItamry³ GaMBIdg;/
RbB½n§ IT kartemøIgbrikaç GKÁisnIEdlmancrnþdak;enAkNþalval RtÚvP¢ab;eTAdI edayELk²BIKña
b¤rYmbBa©ÚlKña b¤P¢ab;eTAExSdIrbs;RbB½n§ .
255
kareRbIExSNWt mantYnaTInaMcrnþkñúgesoKVIeRkaml½kçx½NÐFmµta . kareRbIExSdI ¬b¤P¢ab;cMNg
nwgExSdI b¤ExSdI¦mantYnaTInaMcrnþEtenAeBlmancrnþqøgeTAdIEdlekIteLIgedaysarGuIsULg;rbs;esoKVI .
dUc)anerobrab;kñúgmaRta 13>3> brikçaGKÁisnItg;süúgTabEdlRtÚvtemøIgenATItaMgrbs;Gñk
eRbIR)as;RtÚvRsbtames‘rIénsþg;da IEC 60364 . es‘rIénsþg;da IEC 60364 manEpñk nigxøwmsar
epSg²CaeRcIn . bBaðaTaMgenH GacmanPaBgayRsÜl nigEcgkñúgl½kçx½NÐTUeTAénsþg;dabec©keTsGKÁisnI
kñúgRBHraCaNacRkkm<úCa . eTaHCay:agNak¾edayEpñkenH KYreFVIkarBicarNabnÞab;BIbBaØtþisþIBIkar
temøIgExSGKÁisnIkñúgeKhdæanRtÚvRbkas[eRbIedayRksYg]sSahkmµ Er: nigfamBl .
tarag ES24 K, es‘rIsþgd; a IEC 60364
sþg;da IEC eQµaHÉksar
60364-1 kartemøIgbrikçaGKÁisnIkñúgGKar - EpñkTI1 ³ eKalkarN_RKwH/ karvaytémøGMBIlkçN³
TUeTA/ niymn½y
60364-4-41 kartemøIgbrikaç GKÁisnIkñúgGKar - EpñkTI4-41 ³ karkarBarsuvtßiPaB/ karkarBar
nwgkarqk;GKÁisnI
RbqaMgnwgRbtikmµ]Nð
Tb;Tl;nwgcrnþelIs
Tb;Tl;karrMxanedaysartg;süúg nigkarrMxanedaysareGLicRtÚma:ej:Tic
60364-5-51 kartemøIgbrikaç GKÁisnIkñúgGKar - EpñkTI5-51 ³ kareRCIserIs
nigkartemøIgbrikçaGKÁisnI- c,ab;TUeTA
nigkartemøIgbrikçaGKÁisnI- RbB½n§rayExS
nigkartemøIgbrikçaGKÁisnI- RbB½n§dac;edayELkBIKña/ RbB½n§kat;pþac; nigRbB½n§RtÜtBinitü
nigkartemøIgbrikçaGKÁisnI- karerobcMRB½n§ExSdI/ ExSkarBar nigExSkarBarCarYm
nigkartemøIgbrikçaGKÁisnI- brikçaGKÁisnIepSg²eTot
60364-5-61 kartemøIgbrikaç GKÁisnIkñúgGKar - EpñkTI6-61 ³ karepÞógpÞat; -
karepÞógpÞat;CMhandMbUg
630364-7-701 eTA kartemøIgbrikaç GKÁisnIkñúgGKar - EpñkTI7-61 ³ l½kçx½NÐsRmab;kartemøgI manlkçN³
715/ 717/ 740 Biess b¤TItaMgBiess
256
EpñkTI 3
ExScmøg

1> lkçN³énExScmøg
1>1 ]TahrN_ ¬TRmg;rbs;kabEdleRbIR)as;sRmab;ExSbNþajtg;süúgmFüm¦
RbePTExSbNþÚleTal RbePTExSbNþÚlbI
ExScmøg
ExScmøg GuIsULg;
RsTab;Bak;kNþalcmøgkMedA
GuIsULg; RsTab;ExlkarBar
RsTab;Bak;kNþalcmøgkMedA
RsTab;ExlkarBar sarFatubMeBj
eRsam eRsam
rUbPaB ES25A TRmg;rbs;kab

- sþg;da IEC Tak;TgnwglkçN³rbs;kabEdleRbIR)as;sRmab;ExSbNþajGakastg;süúgTab
¬1¦ IEC 61089 (1997-05) [Round wire concentric lay overhead electrical stranded conductors]
- sþg;da IEC Tak;TgnwglkçN³rbs;ExScmøg
¬2¦ IEC 60028 (1925-01) [sþg;daGnþrCatiéner:suIsþg;sRmab;Tg;Edg]
¬3¦ IEC 60889 (1987-11) [ExSGaluymIj:ÚmGacTajywt)ansRmab;ExScmøgGakas]
¬4¦ IEC 60888 (1987-12) [ExSEdkmaneRsabs½gásIsRmab;ExScmøgruMCaFøúg]
¬5¦ IEC 61232 (1993-06) [ExSEdleRsabedayGaluymIjÚ:meRbIkñúgeKalbMNgGKÁisnI]
1>2]TahrN_sþIBIviFIeFVIetsßénkareFVIetsþPaBFn;edaybBa©Úlcrnþqøas; nigkareFVIetsþer:suIsþg;
¬1¦ kabEdleRbIsRmab;bNþajtg;süúgmFüm
plitplseRmc EdlGaRs½ytamRbePTkabdUcbBa¢ak;kñúgCYrbBaÄrxageqVgédéntarag ES25A
RtÚvEtFn;nwgkareFVIetsþkñúgkRmittg;süúgcrnþqøas; 25000 v:ul kñúgry³eBlCab;Kña 10naTI
eTAtamviFIeFVIetsþdUc)anerobrab;kñúgCYrbBaÄrxagsþaMédéntarag ES25A . eRkABIenH er:suIsþg;énGuIsULg;
rbs;ExScmøgRtÚvmantémø R ¬emhÁaGUm/ KILÚEm:Rt¦ b¤FMCagenH enAeBlvas; bnÞab;BIbBa©Úlcrnþ
257
tg;süúgCab; 100 v:ul kñúgry³eBl 1naTI rvagExScmøg nigelah³FatukabmaneRsamkarBar
nigrvagExScmøg nigRsTab;ExlkarBarkab CamYyEpñkdéTeToteRkABIRsTab;elah³Fatu .
R = 3.665×10-12.ρ log10 D
d
Edl
R ³ er:suIsþg;rbs;GuIsULg;enA 20 GgSares ¬emhÁaGUm, KILÚEm:Rt¦
ρ: kMNt;TMhMer:suIsþg; 20 GgSares ¬GUm/ sg;TIEm:Rt¦ ¬=1 x1014¦
D³ Ggát;p©itEpñkxageRkArbs;GuIsUYLg; ¬mIlIEm:Rt¦
d ³ Ggát;p©itxagkñúgrbs;GuIsULg; ¬mIlIEm:Rt¦
D D
enAeBlEdl d ≥ 1/8 karKNnaeXIjfa d = 1/8
tarag ES25A viFIeFVIetsþPaBFn;rbs;kabtg;süúgmFümedayeRbIcrnþqøas;

RbePTkab viFIeFVIetsþ
kabbNþÚl
eFVIetsþedayP¢ab;tg;süúgrvagExScmøg nigeRsabEdk
mYytan;
kabEdlmaneRsabEdk
eFVIetsþedayP¢ab;tg;süúgrvagExScmøg nigExScmøg
kabbNþÚleRcIn
nigrvagExScmøg nigExlEdkkarBar
kabbNþÚl
eFVIetsþedayP¢ab;tg;süúgrvagExScmøg nigExlkarBar
kabEdlmaneRsab mYytan;
sarFatuepSgeRkABIEdk eFVIetsþedayP¢ab;tg;süúgrvagExScmøg nigExScmøg
kabbNþÚleRcIn
rvagExScmøg nigRsTab;ExlkarBar
¬2¦ kabEdlRtÚveRbIsRmab;bNþajtg;süúgTab
plitplseRmc EdlGaRs½yelIRbePTkab dUc)anbBa¢ak;kñúgCYrQrxageqVgédéntarag ES25B
RtÚveFVIetsþPaBFn; edayP¢ab;tg;süúgcrnþqøas; dUcerobrab;kñúgtarag ES25C kñúgry³eBlCab;
Kña10naTI eTAtamviFIeFVIetsþEdl)anerobrab;kñúgCYrQrxagsþaMédéntarag ES25B . CagenHeTAeTot
er:suIsþg;énGuIsULg;rbs;ExScmøg RtÚvmantémø R ¬emhÁaGUm-KILÚEm:Rt¦ b¤FMCagenH enAeBlEdl
RtÚv)anvas; bnÞab;bBa©Últg;süúgcrnþCab; 100v:ul kñúgry³eBl 1naTI rvagExScmøg nigeRsab
258
EdksRmab;kabEdlmaneRsabEdk nigrvagExScmøg nigsarFatuepSgeRkABIEdk sRmab;kabEdlman
eRsabsarFatuepSgeRkABIEdk .
D
R = 3.665×10-12.ρ log10
d
Edl
R ³ er:suIsþg;rbs;GuIsULg;enA 20 GgSaes ¬emhÁaGUm-KILÚEm:Rt¦
ρ: kMNt;TMhMer:suIsþg; 20 GgSaes ¬GUm-sg;TIEm:Rt¦/ ¬=5 x1013¦
D³ Ggát;p©itEpñkxageRkArbs;GuIsUYLg; ¬mIlIEm:Rt¦
D D
tarag ES25B viFIeFVIetsþPaBFn;rbs;kabtg;süúgTabedayeRbIcrnþqøas;
RbePTkab viFIeFVIetsþ
kabbNþÚl
eFVIetsþedayP¢ab;tg;süúgrvagExScmøg nigeRsabEdk
mYytan;
kabEdlmaneRsabEdk
eFVIetsþedayP¢ab;tg;süúgrvagExScmøg nigExScmøg
kabbNþÚleRcIn
nigrvagExScmøg nigeRsabEdk
kabbNþÚl bnÞab;BIRClk;kñúgTwksabkñúgry³eBl 1em:ag
mYytan; kareFVIetsþedayP¢ab; tg;süúgrvagExScmøg nigdI
kabEdlmaneRsab
sarFatuepSgeRkABIEdk bnÞab;BIRClk;kñúgTwksabkñúgry³eBl 1em:ag
kabbNþÚleRcIn kareFVIetsþedayP¢ab;tg;süúgrvagExScmøg nigExScmøg nig
rvagExScmøg nigdI
259
tarag ES25C tg;süúgeFVIetsþkabtg;süúgTab
ExScmøg
ExSeTal nigExSrmUr ExSeTal tg;süúgeFVIetsþ
¬muxkat;NUmINal;/ mm2¦ ¬muxkat;/ mIlIEm:Rt¦ ¬crnþqøas;/ v:ul¦
8 b¤ tUcCag 3/2 b¤tUcCag 1/500

FMCag 8 nig 30 b¤FMCag FMCag 3/2 nig 5 b¤tUcCag 2/000
FMCag 30 nig 80 b¤FMCag - 2/500
FMCag 80 nig 400 b¤FMCag - 3/000
400 b¤FMCag - 3/500
¬3¦ ExSeRsam
plitplseRmc RtÚvFn;nwgkareFVIetsþedayP¢ab;tg;süúgrdUcbgðajkñúgCYrQrEpñkxagsþaMédén
tarag ES25D kñúgry³eBlCab;Kña 1 naTI GaRs½yeTAtamRbePTExScmøg dUc)anbBa¢ak;kñúgCYrQr
EpñkxageqVgédéntarag ES25D bnÞab;BIRClk;plitplenaHkñúgTwksab kñúgry³eBl 1em:ag .
tarag ES25D tg;süúgeFVIetsþsRmab;ExScmøgmaneRsam

RbePTExScmøgmaneRsam tg;süúgeFVIetsþ ¬crnþqøas;/ v:ul¦
ExSeRsamEdleRbIsRmab;bNþajtg;süúgmFüm 2/500
3/500
ExSeRsamEdleRbIsRmab;bNþajtg;süúgTab ¬sRmab;ExScmøgEdlmanmuxkat; 300mm2 b¤tUcCag
tg;süúgeFVIetsþ 3/000¦
CagenHeTAeTot er:suIsþg;énGuIsULg;rbs;sarFatuGIsULg; Edlvas;bnÞab;BIbBa©Últg;süúgcrnþ

Cab; 100 v:ul kñúgry³eBl 1naTI rvagExScmøg nigdIRtÚvmantémø R ¬emhÁaGUm-KILEÚ m:Rt¦ b¤FMCag
enH .
260
D
R = 3.665×10-12.ρ log10
d
R ³ er:suIsþg;rbs;GuIsULg;enA 20 GgSaes ¬emhÁaGUm-KILÚEm:Rt¦

ρ: kMNt;TMhMer:suIsþg; 20 GgSaes ¬emhÁaGUm-sg;TIEm:Rt¦
¬=1 x 1014 enAeBlRtÚv)aneRbIsRmab;bNþajtg;süúgmFüm¦ nig ¬=5 x

1013 enAeBlRtÚv)aneRbIsRmab;bNþajtg;süúgTab¦
D³ Ggát;p©it Epñkecjrbs;GuIsUYLg; ¬mIlIEm:Rt¦
D D
ExScmøg RtÚvEteFVIkartP¢ab;tamviFIdUcxageRkam ³
1> er:suIsþg;énExScmøgEdlRtÚvtP¢ab;
ExScmøgRtÚvEteFVIkartP¢ab;[)anENn ehIyer:suIsþg;énExScmøg minRtÚv[ekIneLIgeLIy .
R1 ¬GUm¦ R2 ¬GUm¦
R1  R2
- kñúgkrNIcaM)ac; ExScmøgEdlRtÚvtP¢ab; RtÚvEtqøgkat;kareFVIetsþer:suIsþg; .

2> témøGuIsULg;énExSkab nigExScmøg
témøGuIsULg;énExSkab nigExScmøgmaneRsam minRtÚvfycuHeLIy .
-kñúgkrNIcaM)ac; ExScmøgEdlRtÚvtP¢ab; RtÚvEtqøgkat;kareFVIetsþPaBFn;DIeGLicRTic Dielectric
nigeFVIetsþer:suIsþg;GuIsULg; .
3> sñwmeGLicRtÚKImI
sñwmeGLicRtÚKImI minekIteLIgedaysarkartP¢ab;ExScmøg EdlmansarFatuxusKñaeT .
]TahrN_ ¬kartP¢ab;ExScmøgGaluymIj:Úm nigTg;Edg¦
261
karvivtþn_énkarbegáItGuIyU:t¬ ionization¦énExScmøgGaluymIj:Úm KWx<s;CagExScmøgTg;Edg. dUecñH
RbsinebImankareFVIGKÁisnIviPaKelImuxtMNrénelahHTaMgBIr enaHGuIy:ugGaluymIj:ÚmrlaykñúgkareFVI
GKÁisnIviPaK ehIyeFVIclnaeTAkan;Tg;Edg .
CalT§pl épÞeRkAénGaluymIj:ÚmERbCamansñwm .
GaluymIjÚm: A1+ Tg;Edg

GaluymIjm:Ú Tg;Edg
GKÁisnIvPi aK
rUbPaB ES26A]TahrN_énsñwmeGLicRtÚKImI

1> bnÞúkExScmøgénExSbB¢ÚanGakas
cMeBaHkMlaMgTb;TMnajénExScMlg nigExSdIsMrab;ExSbNþajbB¢ÚanGakaselIkElgEtExSkabecj
maRta 33 rbs; (GREPTS) )anpþl;nUvemKuNsuvtßPaB minRtUvTabCag 2.5 eT .
maRta 27-2 rbs; SREPTS )anbBa¢ak; : bnÞúkenAelIExSbNþajbB¢ÚanGakas nigemKuN
suvtßiPaB : lMGitBIbnÞúksnµt; nigkMlaMgsMrab;kMNt;emKuNsuvtißPaB .
esckþIBnül;enHbgðajnUv):ar:aEmRt enAeBlEdleKsnµt;GMBIbnÞúk nigemKuNsuvtißPaB .
1>1 emKuNsuvtißPaBEdl)anGnuvtþkñúgxñatKMrUepSgeTot
sþg;da emKuNsuvtßiPaBtameKalkarN_RKw³ U.T.S.
l½kçNTUeTAénsþg;dabec©keTs 2.5 b¤ FMCag
GKÁisnIkñúgRBHraCaNacRkkm<úCa
sþg;dabec©keTsrbs; : RbeTsCb:un 2.5 b¤ FMCag
kUdsuvtþiPaBCatirbs;GKÁisnI (NESC):U.S.A 1.67 b¤ FMCag
bBaØatþiGKÁisnI (ExSGakas) U.K. 2.0-2.5 b¤ FMCag
VDE0210: RbeTsGaløIm:g; 2.3-2.5 b¤ FMCag
*U.T.S.: Ultimate tensile strength
262
1>2> l½kçx½NÐGakasFatukñúgRbeTskm<úCa ( sItuNðPaBemKuNel,Ónxül; )
¬1¦ sItuNðPaB
sßanIy sItuNðPaBGtibrima ( C) sItuNðPaBGb,brima ( C) sItuNðPaBmFüm ( C)
o o o
bnÞaymanC½y 37.0 21.5 29.3

)at;dMbg 37.4 17.6 27.5
kMBg;cam 37.1 17.7 27.4
kMBt 34.4 19.7 27.1
RkecH 37.6 14.0 25.8
eBacintug 36.8 19.7 28.3
éRBEvg 37.6 21.0 29.3
eBaFisat; 39.5 19.9 29.7
esomrab 40.1 17.9 29.0
RkugRBHsuIhnu 34.0 21.3 27.7
sÞwgERtg 36.4 17.5 27.0
*RbPBpþl;Bt
’ man : naykdæan]tuniym énRksYgFnFanTwk nig]tuniym
*karsikSaRsavRCavkñúgkMLúgqñaM : 1985 dl; 2001
¬2¦ emKuNel,Ónxül; (tMélGtibrmaRbcaMqñaM el,Ónxül;KitCamFümry³eBl 10 naTI )
TIkEnøgsikSa : eBacintug
qñaM 1981 1982 1983 1984 1985 1986 1987 1988 1989 1990 1991
xül; (m/s) 12 16 16 16 14 14 10 6 16 16 14
1992 1993 1994 1995 1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003
17 18 18 17 11 14 13 11 11 10 12 12
TIkEnøgsikSa : esomrab
qñaM 1981 1982 1983 1984 1985 1986 1987 1988 1989 1990 1991
xül; m/s - - - - - - - 20 20 25 21
1992 1993 1994 1995 1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003
24 24 40 20 28 24 26 24 16 24 14 16
263
1>3 karkMNt;el,Ónxül;)anGnuvtþcMeBaH ExSbNþajbB¢ÚanGakaskñúgRbeTskm<úCa
eQµaHExSbNþajbB¢Úan tg;süúg karsikSael,Ónxül; (sItuNðPaBEdl)aneRbI)
GS1-L01-GS3 115kV 24m/sec(20oC)
GS2-L02-GS3 115kV 24m/sec(20oC)
GS1-L03- kMBg;s<w 115kV 30m/sec(15oC)
kMBg;s<w -L04- KIrIrmü 115kV 30m/sec(15oC)
1>4 karsikSael,Ónxül;rbs;RbeTsCitxag
karsikSael,Ónxül; [sm<aFxül;
eQµaHRbeTsRbeTs kMNt;sMKal;
( sItuNðPaB Edl)aneRbI)]
Lav 35.0 m/sec [790Ns/sq m]
sItuNPð aBFmµta)
(
éf 33.8 m/sec karsikSaExSbNþajbB¢aÚ n 500kV
evotNam 32.6 m/sec – 54.9 m/sec 3vinaTI el,Ónxül;KitCamFümKMrb;xYb 20

qñaMénbnÞúk nigkUdsikSa
1>5 Éksareyagel,Ónxül; ¬el,Ónxül;Gtibrimaerogral;qñaMKitCamFüm 10 naTI kñúgry³eBlxYb

50 qñaM¦
enHCael,Ónxül;GtibrimaRbcaMqñaMKitCamFüm 10naTI¬kñúgry³eBlxYb50qñaM¦ kñúgRbeTskm<úCa
RtÚv)anKNnaBITinñ½yEdl)andkRsg;enAkEnøgBIrkñúgRbeTskm<úCaEdl)anpþl;edaynaykdæan]tuniym
énRksYgFnFanTwk nig]tuniym . muneBlenH RKb;Tinñ½yRtÚv)aneKbB¢aak;famansar³sMxan;
b¤k¾minRsbnwgtarag]bsm½<n§ “Tinñn½ykt;Rtael,Ónxül; nigkarpþl;edayelak GUMBEL”.
1 sßanIy_eBacintug
( )
kñúgkrNICaeRcIn edaykarxVHxatkarvas;el,Ónxül; RtUv)aneKEkrsRmYlTinñ½ytamrUbmnþelak
GUMBEL. kñúgkrNIenHRtUv)aneKeFVIkarsnµt;tamelak GUMBEL nigdUcenAkñúg]bsm½<n§ dUcenH
el,Ónxül;GtibrimaRbcaMqñaM KitCamFümry³10naTI ¬kñúgry³eBlxYb50qñaM¦ enAsßanIy_eBacintug

eday)anKNnatamrUbmnþdUcteTA³
264
 
 π  

PV   1  exp  exp   V  V  0.45σV  .......... ( rUbmnþTI 1
)
 
 6σV   

eday ³ P (V) el,Ónxül;TMngCaelIs 1
V ( = , T: Recurrence interval
T
cenøaHxYb)

V tMélKitCamFüménel,Ónxül;GtibrimaRbcaMqñaM
σV sþg;dalMeGogénel,Ónxül;GtibrimaRbcaM;qñaM
kñúgrUbmnþ ¬1¦ eKGacsresr)anrUbmnþ ¬2¦

6σv    1  
V  ln  ln 1    V  0.45σv ........... ( rUbmnþTI 2)
π    T 

eday ³ V ,σV RtUv)anKNnaedayeRbIITinñ½yel,Ónxül;rbs;RbeTskm<úCa)anbgðajkñúg 2.2(2)

V ＝ 13.65 (m/s)
σV ＝ 2.97
tMélTaMgenHRtUv)anCMnYsedayrUbmnþTI2 nigtMélKitCamFüménel,Ónxül;GtibrimaRbcaMqñaMKitCa
mFümry³eBl 10 naTI ¬ kñúgry³eBlxYb 50 qñaM¦ kñúgsßanIy_eBacintugeK)antémø³
V  21.36(m / s) ( sßanIy_eBacintug)
2 sßanIy_esomrab
( )
dUcKñanwgsßanIy_eBacintug/ dUcenHel,Ónxül;GtibrimaRbcaMqñaM KitCamFümry³ 10naTI kñúg

ry³eBlxYb 50qñaM¦ enAsßanIy_esomrabeday)anKNnael,Ónxül;GtibrimaénRbeTskm<úCa )anbgðaj
enAkñúg ANNEX¬2¦ elIkElgsEt40m¼vinaTI¬1994¦ Edlmin)anKitCamUldæansMxan;enAkñúg]bsm½<n§.
“Tinñn½ykt;Rtael,Ónxül; nigkarpþl;edayelak GUMBEL” .

V tMélKitCamFüménel,Ónxül;GtibrmaRbcaMqñaM
σV sþg;dalMeGogénel,Ónxül;GtibrmaRbcaM;qñaM

V ＝21.73 (m/s)
σV ＝3.91
tMélTaMgenHRtUv)anCMnYsedayrUbmnþTI 2 nigtMélKitCamFüménel,Ónxül;Gtibrimaerogral;qñaM
KitCamFümry³eBl10 naTI¬ kñúgry³eBlxYb 50 qñaM¦kñúgsßanIy_esomrab TIbB©ab;eK)an³
V  21.36(m / s) (sßanIye_ somrab)
265
1>6 el,Ónxül;GtibrmamYyxN³eBl
el,Ónxül;GtibrmamYyxNHeBl KWCalT§plEdleGayBIkarKuNtMélxagelI nigktþasnÞúH .
enAl½kçx½NÐEdl ktþasnÞúH KWkñúg 1>3-1>5/
el,Ónxül;GtibrimaKitCamFüm )ankMNt;dUcxageRkam :
G = Vt / V600 (rUbmnþTI 3)
Edl G: ktþasnÞúH
Vt : snÞúHel,Ónxül; ¬ m/s ¦ sRmab;KitCamFümén-em:ag/ t naTI
V600 : el,Ónxül;KitCamFümkñúg 10 naTI ¬ m/s ¦
(1). sßanIy_eBacintug
el,Ónxül;GtibrmamYyxNHeBl ¬ kñúgry³eBlxYb 50 qñaM¦  21.36  G （1.3～1.5）

＝27.8～32.0
2 sßanIy_esomrab
( ).
el,Ónxül;GtibrmamYyxNHeBl¬ kñúgry³eBlxYb 50 qñaM¦  31.86  G （1.3～1.5）
＝41.4～47.8
1>7 karBicarNa nigkarykcitþTukdak;kñúgkrNIénKMnUsbøg;c,as;las;
eyIgRtUvkMNt;sm<aFxül;EdlpÞúkelIExScmøg ExSdI begÁalRT . l . enAeBlsikSaerob
cM;ExSbNþajbBa¢Ún. kareRbIÉksareyagénel,Ónxül;Edl)an[kñúgl½kçx½NÐTUeTAénsþg;dabec©keTs
GKÁisnI kñúgRBHraCaNacRkkm<úCa maRta 27 bnÞúksm<aFxül;GacKNna nigkMNt;edayeyagtam
TMB½rBnül; rbs;l½kçx½NÐTUeTAénsþg;dabec©keTsGKÁisnIkñúgRBHraCaNacRkkm<úCa maRta 31/ 40 .
eKGackMNt;el,Ónxül;edayeyagtamTinñ½ysnµt;EdlminTan;RKb;RKan; . ExSbNþajbBa¢Ún
RtUvmansuvtþiPaB nigTukcitþ)anedIm,IbBa¢ÚnGKÁisnIduMedayRbsiT§PaBx<s; tamtémøkñúgsþg;darbs;l½kçx½NÐ
TUeTAénsþg;dabec©keTsGKÁisnIkñúgRBHraCaNacRkkm<úCa . karTukcitþCaGb,brmaRtUvEtmansuvtßiPaB .
ehIykñúgmaRtaenHTamTar[GñksikSaerobcMExSbNþajbBa¢Ún BiPakSaelIbnÞúk sm<aFxül;edayRbug
Rby½tñkñuúgkrNInImYy² tameKalkarN_mUldæan nigtRmÚv[mankarTukcitþelIExSbNþajbB¢Úanl½kçx½NÐ
nigsßanPaBpøÚv Tinñn½ykt;Rtael,Ónxül;kñúgtMbn; .
kñúgkrNIsikSaerobcMExSbNþajbBa¢ÚnEdlRtUvP¢ab;eTAnwgRbeTsCitxagRtUvBiPakSanigsRmbsRmÜl
GMBIl½kxç ½NÐKMnUsbøg;nanarbs;kñúgRbeTs .
]bsm<½n§
: Tinñn½yel,Ónxül;Edl)ankt;Rta nigkarpþl;edayelak Gumbel :
(1) eBaFicintug
Tinñ½yRtUv)ansnµt;edIm,IsRmbsRmÜleTAtamTinñn½yrbs;elak Gumbel mandUckñúgRkahV 27A
266
Tinñ½ykt;Rta Thomas Plot
el,Ónxül; el,Ónxül; el,Ónxül;bEnßm ry³eBlRtLb;

qñaM cMnYn qñaM
¬m¼vinaTI¦ (i) ¬m¼vinaTI¦ EdlGacman 1/w ¬qñaM¦
W=i/(n+1)
1981 12 1 1993 18 0.04 23.81
1982 16 2 1994 18 0.08 12.05
1983 16 3 1992 17 0.13 8.00
1984 16 4 1995 17 0.17 5.99
1985 14 5 1982 16 0.21 4.81
1986 14 6 1983 16 0.25 4.00
1987 10 7 1984 16 0.29 3.42
1988 6 8 1989 16 0.33 3.00
1989 16 9 1990 16 0.38 2.67
1990 16 10 1985 14 0.42 2.40
1991 14 11 1986 14 0.46 2.18
1992 17 12 1991 14 0.50 2.00
1993 18 13 1997 14 0.54 1.85
1994 18 14 1998 13 0.58 1.72

1995
1996
17
11
karerobcM 15
16
1981
2002
12
12
0.63
0.67
1.60
1.50
1997 14 17 2003 12 0.71 1.41
1998 13 18 1996 11 0.75 1.33
1999 11 19 1999 11 0.79 1.26
2000 11 20 2000 11 0.83 1.20
2001 10 21 1987 10 0.88 1.14
2002 12 22 2001 10 0.92 1.09
2003 12 23=n 1988 6 0.96 1.04
karpþl;eday
karEckcaytameRhVkg;
elakGumbel
el,Ónxül; ry³eBlRtLb; el,Ónxül;
elx
¬m¼vinaTI¦ ¬qñaM¦ ¬m¼vinaTI¦
18 2 90.00 22.73
6σv    1  
17 2 V  ln  ln 1    V  0.45σv 80.00 22.46
16 5 
π    T  70.00 22.14
15 0 V : témømFüménel,Ónxül;GtibrimaRbcaMqñaM 60.00 21.78
14 4 50.00 21.36
13 1 = 13.65 m/s 40.00 20.83
12 3 σV: karERbRbYlCasþg;da el,Ónxül;GtibrimaRbcaMqñaM 30.00 20.16
11 3 20.00 19.20
10 2 = 2.97 10.00 17.53
9 0 8.00 16.98
8 0 6.00 16.26
7 0 4.00 15.20
6 2.00 13.16
1.80 12.80
1.60 12.36
1.40 11.79
1.20 10.96
1.10 10.29
267
esomrab
(2)
-krNITI 1
eRhVkg;EckcayxageRkam 40Em:Rt¼vinaTI ¬1994¦ manlkçN³xusKñaq¶ayBITinñn½ydéTeTot .
eyagtamRkahVik 27B, 40Em:Rt¼vinaTI ¬1994¦ bgðajBIPaBxusKñaBITinñn½ydéTeTot . ehtudUecñH
karviPaKenH minrab;bBa©Úlel,Ón 40Em:Rt¼vinaTI ¬1994¦ Edl)ansakl,gdUckñúgcMNuc ¬3¦ .
Tinñ½yRsavRCav Thomas Plot
el,Ónxül; cMnYn el,Ónxül; el,Ónxül;bEnßm ry³eBlRtLb;

qñaM qñaM
¬m¼vinaTI¦ (i) ¬m¼vinaTI¦ EdlGacman 1/w ¬qñaM¦
W=i/(n+1)
1988 20 1 1994 40 0.06 16.95
1989 20 2 1996 28 0.12 8.47
1990 25 3 1998 26 0.18 5.68
1991 21 4 1990 25 0.24 4.26
1992 24 5 1992 24 0.29 3.40
1993 24 6 1993 24 0.35 2.83
1994 40 7 1997 24 0.41 2.43
1995 20 8 1999 24 0.47 2.12
1996 28 9 2001 24 0.53 1.89
1997 24 10 1991 21 0.59 1.70
1998 26 karerobcM 11 1988 20 0.65 1.55

1999 24 12 1989 20 0.71 1.42
2000 16 13 1995 20 0.77 1.31
2001 24 14 2000 16 0.82 1.21
2002 14 15 2003 16 0.88 1.13
2003 16 16=n 2002 14 0.94 1.06
karEckcaytameRhVkg; karpþl;edayelak
Gumbel
el,Ónxül; cMnYn ry³eBlRtLb; el,Ónxül;
(m/s) (year) (m/s)
40 1 90.00 40.65
39 0 80.00 40.11
38 0 6σv    1   70.00 39.50
V   ln  ln 1    V  0.45σv 60.00
37 0 π    T  38.79
36 0 
50.00 37.96
35 0 V : témømFüménel,Ónxül;GtibrimaRbcaMqñaM 40.00 36.94
34 0 30.00 35.61
= 22.88 m/s
33 0 20.00 33.73
32 0 10.00 30.47
31 0
σV : karERbRbYlCasþg;da el,Ónxül;GtibrimaRbcaMqñaM
8.00 29.39
30 0 = 5.82 6.00 27.98
29 0 4.00 25.91
28 1 2.00 21.92
27 0 1.80 21.21
26 1 1.60 20.34
25 1 1.40 19.23
268
24 5 1.20 17.61
23 0 1.10 16.29
22 0
21 1
20 3
19 0
18 0
17 0
16 2
15 0
14 1
CalT§pl Tinñn½yenHminTan;)anGnum½tenAeLIy.
-krNITI 2
Tinñn½yRtUv)ansnµt;edIm,IsRmbsRmÜltamTinñn½yEdlpþl;edayelak Gumbel dUckñúgRkahVik 27A .
témø 40Em:Rt¼vinaTI ¬1994¦ CatémøEdlFMCagRbeTsCitxagEdlkñúgenaHsnµt;fa el,Ónxül;FMman
enAkm<úCa . kñúgkrNIenH el,Ónxül;xøaMgbMputCamFümRbcaMqñaMsRmab;ry³eBl 10 naTI ¬sRmab;
ry³eBl 50qñaM eRkay¦ RtUv)anKNnaBITinñn½yEdlminrab;bBa©Úlel,Ón 40Em:Rt¼vinaTI ¬1994¦
BIeRBaHminR)akdfaTinñn½yenH RtUv)anRsavRCavedaylkçN³smRsbb¤eT .
Tinñ½yRsavRCav Thomas Plot
el,Ónxül;bEnßm
qñaM qñaM cMnYn qñaM el,Ónxül; ry³eBlRtLb;
(i) (m/s) EdlGacman 1/w (year)
W=i/(n+1)
1988 20 1 1996 28 0.06 15.87
1989 20 2 1998 26 0.13 8.00
1990 25 3 1990 25 0.19 5.32
1991 21 4 1992 24 0.25 4.00
1992 24 5 1993 24 0.31 3.19
24 6 24 2.67
1993 1997 0.38
1995 20 7 1999 24 0.44 2.28
1996 28 8 2001 24 0.50 2.00
1997 24 9 1991 21 0.56 1.78
1998
26 bMrug 10
1988
20
0.63
1.60
1999 24 11 1989 20 0.69 1.45
2000 16 12 1995 20 0.75 1.33
2001 24 13 2000 16 0.81 1.23
2002 14 14 2003 16 0.88 1.14
2003 16 15=n 2002 14 0.94 1.07
karEckcaytameRhVkg; karpþl;edayelak Gumbel

el,Ónxül; el,Ónxül; 6σv    1   ry³eBlRtLb; el,Ónxül;
(m/s) (m/s)
V    ln  ln 1    V  0.45σv (year) (m/s)
π    T 
269
28 1 90.00 33.66
27 0 80.00 33.30
26 1 70.00 32.89
25 1 60.00 32.42
24 5 50.00 31.86
23 0 40.00 31.17

22 0 30.00 30.28
V : témømFüménel,Ónxül;GtibrimaRbcaMqñaM
21 1 20.00 29.02
= 21.73 m/s
20 3 10.00 26.83
19 0 8.00 26.11
18 0 6.00 25.16
17 0 σV : karERbRbYlCasþg;da 4.00 23.77
16 2 el,Ónxül;GtibrimaRbcaMqñaM 2.00 21.09
15 0 = 3.91 1.80 20.61
14 1 1.60 20.03
1.40 19.29
1.20 18.20
1.10 17.31
45
40
Thomas Plot
35
Gumbel distribution
30
wind velocity(m/s)
25
20
15
10
0
1 10 100
year
RkahVik 27A KMrUTinñn½yEdl)ankt;Rta ¬sßanIyeBaFicintug¦
45
40
35
30
wind velocity(m/s)
Thomas Plot
Gumbel distribution
25
20
15
10
0
1 10 100
year
RkahVik 27B KMrUTinñn½yEdl)ankt;Rta ¬sßanIyesomrab¦
270
45
40
35
30
wind velocity(m/s)
25 Thomas Plot
Gumbel distribution
20
15
10
0
1 10 100
year
RkahikV 27C KMrUTinñn½yEdl)ankt;Rta ¬sßanIyeBaFicintug¦

minrab;bBa©Úlel,Ónxül; 40Em:Rt¼vinaTI ¬1994¦
2> kmøaMgTajGtibrimaénExScmøgGakas ¬sRmab;ExSbNþajtg;süúgx<s;¦

2>1 eKalkarN¾¬concept¦
l½kçx½NÐkMNt;sRmab;kmøaMgTb;TMnajénExScmøg GacRtUv)anRKb;RKgedayl½kçx½NÐmin
RbRktI ¬xül;xøaMg¦ b¤l½kçx½NÐFmµta¬karsgát;Tm¶n;ral;éf¶¦ . kmøaMgTb;TMnajénExScmøg
mYyrvagkmøaMgTb;TMnajénExScmøgTaMgBIrRtUv)anKNnataml½kçx½NÐTaMgBIrxageRkam³
¬1¦ l½kçx½NÐminRbRktI ¬xül;xøaMg¦
kmøaMgTb;TMnajGtibrma mann½yfaCakmøaMgTb;TMnajGtibrmaepþk enAkñúgl½kçx½NÐminRbRktI
Edlmann½yfaCal½kçx½NÐenAeRkamsm<aFxül;xøaMg . bnÞúkénkmøaMgTb;TMnajGtibrmaBitR)akdenAelI
ExScmøg KWCakmøaMgTb;TMnajGtibrma T enAelIEpñkx<s;éncMnucRT ehIyFMCagkmøaMgTb;TMnaj
s max
Tmax .
271
cMNucF¶n;
Ts max
bnÞúkepþkGtibrmarbs;sm<aFxül; begÁalRT
Tmax
begÁalRT Tmax : kmøaMgTb;TMnajGtibrma
rUbPaB ES27A kmøaMgTb;TMnajGtibrma
ehtudUecñH emKuNsuvtßiPaBrbs;ExScmøgRtUvkartémøR)akdmYy eBleFVIkarKNnakmøaMgTb;TMnaj

Gtibrma .
TUTS emKuNsuvtßiPaB (2.5)  kmøaMgTb;TMnajénExScmøg ¬kñúgl½kçx½NÐF¶n;F¶r¦
*1
/
*1
kmøaMgTb;TMnajx<s;bMputénExScmøg
¬2¦ l½kçx½NÐFmµta ¬Kµanxül;¦

edaysarkarxMRbwgTb;rbs;ExScmøgEdlrMj½redaysarxül;manTMnak;TMngy:agCitsñiT§CamYy
EDS, kmøaMgTb;TMnajEdlKµanxül; RtUvmantémøtUcCag EDS .
*
EDS : KWCaGkSrkat;énPaBtantwgrbs;ExSral;éf¶EdlCatémøénTm¶n;bnÞúkénExScmøgkñúgl½kçx½NÐ
kmøaMgTb;TMnajEdlKµanxül; eTAkmøaMgTb;TMnajx<s;bMputénExScmøg . kmøaMgTajEdlKµanxül; Gac

KNnatamkmøaMgTb;TMnajGtibrmaEdl)anerobrab;enAkñúgEpñk {k} . krNIKNnakmøaMgTb;TMnaj
EdlFMCag EDS kmøaMgTajEdlKµanxül;RtUvfycuHenAeRkam EDS ehIykmøaMgTb;TMnajGtibrmaRtUveFVI
karKNnaCafµItamkmøaMgTajEdlKµanxül; .
T x 24%  kmøaMgTajEdlKµanxül;
UTS
2>2 ]TahrN_karKNnaBitR)akd
kmøaMgTb;TMnajGtibrma RtUv)ansikSatam WOLF ¬ExScmøgénsþg;daGg;eKøs¦ kñúgkrNIEbbenH .
272
¬1¦ lkçN³rbs;ExScmøg
tarag ES27A lkçN³rbs;ExScmøg ¬ExScmøgénsþg;daGg;eKøs¦
briyay Tinñn½y Ékta
Tm¶n;ExScmøg WC= 0.727 KRk¼m
muxkat;ExScmøg A= 194.94 mm2
Ggát;p©itExScmøg D= 18.13 mm
mUDuleGLasÞik E= 8510 KRk¼mm2
emKuNKmøatExS α= 0.0000184 ¼GgSares
kmøaMgTb;TMnajGtibrma
(  kmøaMgTajpþac; )
TUTS = 7050 KRk
¬2¦ témøbeNþaHGasnñénkmøaMgTb;TMnajGtibrma
témøbeNþaHGasnñdMbUgénkmøaMgTb;TMnajGtibrma nigemKuNsuvtßiPaB 2>5 ehIykmøaMgTb;TMnaj
GtibrmacaM)ac;RtUvmantémøbEnßmdUcRtUv)anBN’nakñúgcMNuc 2>1 . kñúgkrNIenH témø 10° RtUv)an
bEnßmsRmab;kmøaMgTb;TMnajelIEpñkEdlx<s;éncMNucRTénemKuNsuvtßiPaB 2>5 .
dUecñH témøbeNþaHGasnñénkmøaMgTb;TMnajGtibrma Tmax RtUvKNnadUcxageRkam³
Tmax ={TUTS /Safety Factor(  2.5)}  90%= (7050kg/2.5)  0.9  2530kg
273
¬3¦ l½kçx½NÐénExScmøg
k> l½kçx½NÐminRbRktI ¬xül;xøaMg¦
t1=28℃ ¬sItN
u ðPaBmFüm¦
L1 : RbEvgExScmøg Ww
Wc W1
T1 = Tmax =2,530kg
¬kmøaMgTajGtibrma¦ sm<aFcrnþxül;=70kg/m 2
f1=T1/A (680N/m2)
S: RbeLaHbegÁal =400m
Ww : bnÞúksm<aFcrnþxül; =70kg/㎡  D
W1 : plbUkbnÞkú  W  W
2 2
KMnUskat;
c w
EpñkmYyénKMnUskat;
rUbPaB ES27B l½kçx½NÐminRbRktI

x> l½kçx½NÐFmµta ¬Kµanxül;¦
t1=19℃
¬sItuNPð aBmFümGb,brma¦
L2 : RbEvgExScmøg
T2 Kµanxül; Wc=W2
f2=T2/A sm<aFcrnþxül =0kg/m
2
2
(0N/m )
S : Span=400m
KMnUskat; EpñkmYyénKMnUskat;
rUbPaB ES27C l½kçx½NÐFmµta
274
¬4¦ karKNnakmøaMgTajFmµta
edaysarTMnak;TMngrvag 2>2>3 ¬k¦ l½kçx½NÐminRbRktI nig2>2>3 ¬x¦ l½kçx½NÐFmµta
begáItnUvlkçN³ERbRbYl nigkarrIklIENeGo¬linear¦rbs;ExScmøg TMnak;TMngenHRtUvKNnatamrUbmnþ
dUcxageRkam³
kmøaMgTajFmµta T RtUvKNnatamrUbmnþ³
2
f  f 
L2  L1   2 1   t2  t1 L1
 E 
rUbmnþxagelIRtUvbMElgCa³
f 22  f 2  ( K  tE  M
Where:
t=t2-t1
T1 ( S 2  W12  E )
K  tE    tE
A 24T12
W22 S 2 E
M 
24A 2
K-αtE, M RtUvKNnadUcxageRkam³
2,530 (4002  (0.727 2  (70  18.13  103 ) 2 )  8,510)
K  tE  
194.94 24  2,5302
 1.84 105  (9)  8,510 = -4.583
0.727 2  400 2  8,510
M = 789.1
24  194.94 2
f 22  f 2  4.583  789.1
 f 2  7.938kg / mm2
CalT§pl T2 = f2  A = 7.938kg/m ㎡  194.94 m ㎡ = 1,547kg
¬5¦ karsikSaGMBI EDS

EDS=24% （refer to 2.3 EDS）
TEDS(24%) =TUTS  24% = 7050kg  24% = 1,692kg
eRbobeFob TEDS(24%) eTAnwg T2 kmøaMTajFmµtarbs;ExScmøg

T2  TEDS(24%)
kmøaMgTajFmµtaRtUvbMeBjl½kçx½NÐEdlkmøaMgTajFmµtaminRtUvFMCag EDS . CalT§plkmøaMgTaj

GtibrmaRtUv)ankMNt;tamrUbmnþ
T1 = Tmax =2,530kg
275
kñúgkrNIenH eBlEdlcenøaHbegÁal S=300m RtUvKNna T =1,772kg 、 T  T
2 2 EDS(24%).
kñúgkrNIenH kmøaMgTajGtibrmaRtUvbnßy nigRtUvKNnaCafµI BIeRBaHkmøaMgTajFmµtaFMCag EDS.
dUecñH kñúgkarKNnakmøaMgTajGtibrma RtUvKitGMBIcenøaHbegÁal .
2>3 EDS
¬karBnül;lMGitmaRta 34 ExSRsaténExSbNþajGakastg;süúgx<s;¦
EDS ³ GkSrkat;én{PaBtantwgral;éf¶EdlCaPaKryénkmøaMgTajbnÞúkral;éf¶kñúgl½kçx½NÐKµanxül;
eTAnwgkmøaMgTb;TMnajx<s;bMput} .
EDS ³ CIGRE føwgEføglT§plénkarRsavRCavmeFüa)ayEdlmanRsab; nigpþl;Gnusasn_fa
EDS RtUvtUcCagtémøEdlbgðajkñúgtaragxageRkam .
CIGRE : RkumRbwkSaGnþrCatiRbB½n§GKÁisnIem (Conseil International des Grands Reseaux Electriques)
EdlCaGgÁkarQanmuxelIBiPBelakkñúgRbB½n§GKÁisnIRKbdNþb;elIEpñkbec©keTs/
esdækic©/ brisßan/ karerobcM nigbBaØtþi .
tarag ES27B karpþl;Gnusasn_elI EDS eday CIGRE CSC6-58-3
ExScmøg KµantP¢ab; CamYyRbdab; CamYycg¥ÚrEdk CamYyRbdab;Tb;rMj½r

Tb;rMj½r nigcg¥ÚrEdk
ACSR 18% 24% 22% 24%
¬karKNnakmøaMgTajRtg;cMnucRT¦ ]bsm<½n§
Wc : Tm¶n;ExScmøg
Ts max Ww : bnÞúksm<aFcrnþxül;
h’ W :  Wc2  Ww2
Ts max dH’ q=W／W
γ c
sm<aFcrnþxül; d’
begÁalRT
T’ sm<aFcrnþxül;
S’ Ww
K> karemIlBITTICRmalénExScmøgEdleyaKedayxül;
begÁalRT max
Wc W
Ts max : kmøaMgTajRtg;cMnucRT
k> karemIltamRbehag Tmax : kmøaMgTajGtibrix>ma karemIltamEpñk
T' : kmøaMgepþkepSg²énkmøaMgEdlsgát;Rtg;cMNucén
begÁalRT
q : emKu
276
NbnÞúkkñúgl½kçx½NÐFmµta
d'H : kNþk;BIcMNucRTxøaMgénEpñképÞCRmal (m)
d' : kNþk;CRmalBIcMNucRTxøaMgénEpñképÞCRmal (m)
Ts max  T 'Wc  q  d 'H
h' 2
d 'H  d ' (1  )
4d '
W  q  S '2
d ' c
8T '
h'  h  cos 
S '  S 2  h2 sin 2 
Wc
cos  
Wc  Ww2
2
2
h
T '  Tmax 1    sin 2 
S
277
¬]TahrN_énkarKNna¦ ]bsm<½n§
RbePTExScmøg³ WOLF ¬sþg;daGg;eKøs¦
Wc  0.727kg / m
Ww  70kg / ㎡  18.13  103 m  1.2691kg / m
Tmax  2,530kg
h : 50m
S : 400m
W  Wc2  Ww2  0.7272  1.26912  1.4626

Ww 1.2691
sin     0.8677
W 1.4626
W 0.727
cos   c   0.4971
W 1.4626
W 1.4626
q   2.0118
Wc 0.727
S '  S 2  h2 sin 2   4002  502  0.86772  402.35
h'  h  cos   50  0.4971  24.855
2 2
h  50 
T '  Tmax 1    sin 2   2,530 1    0.8677  2,544.84kg
2
 
S  400 
W  q  S' 2
0.727  2.0118  402.35 2
d' c   11.63m
8T ' 8  2,544.84
2 2
 h'   24.855 
d H '  d ' 1    11.63  1    27.38m
 4d '   4  11.63 
Ts max  T 'Wc  q  d 'H  2,544.84  0.727  2.0118  27.38  2.584.89kg
maRta 28 ³ l½kçx½NÐénkareRbIR)as;Ek,rKña nigkareRbIR)as;rYmKñaénExS

bNþajGKÁisnI b¤ExSKmnaKmn_
1 ExSbNþajtg;süúgx<s;/ ExSbNþajtg;süúgmFüm nigExSbNþajtg;süúgTab

vaküx½NÐenHEcgGMBIrebobtemøIgExSbNþajtg;süúgx<s;/ ExSbNþajtg;süúgmFüm nigExS
bNþajtg;süúgTabEk,rKña nigrYmKña .
278
1>1 kareRbIR)as;ExSbNþajtg;süúgx<s; nigExSbNþajtg;süúgmFümEk,rKña nigrYmKña
enAkñúgvaküx½NÐenH)ankMNt;fa kmøaMgTb;TMnajénExScmøgtg;süúgx<s;RtUvesµInwg 30 KILÚj:Útun
b¤FMCag . eyIgGackMNt;faetIExScmøgmYyNaEdlRsbtam b¤minRsbtaml½kçx½NÐTUeTAénsþg;da
bec©keTsGKÁisnIkñúgRBHraCaNacRkkm<úCa edayeFVIkarepÞótpÞat;tamtarag ES28A .
tarag ES28A ³]TahrN_kmøaMgTb;TMnajénExScmøgtg;süúgx<s;

ExScmøg
eQµaH 2
muxkat; ¬mm ¦ Ggát;pit© ¬mm¦ kmøaMgTb;TMnaj ¬KILÚj:Útun¦
cMnYnsésExS
AAC 100 100 19/2.59 12.90 17.00
AAC 125 125 19/2.89 14.50 21.25
AAC 160 160 19/3.27 16.40 26.40
AAC 200 200 19/3.66 18.30 32.00
AAC 250 250 19/4.09 20.50 40.00
AAC 400 400 37/3.71 26.00 64.00
AAAC 63 72.5 7/3.63 10.90 21.39
AAAC 100 115 19/2.78 13.90 33.96
AAAC 125 144 19/3.10 15.50 42.44
ACSR 63 Al 63/ St 10.5 Al 6/ St 1 11.00 21.63
ACSR 100 Al 100/ St 16.7 Al 6/ St 1 13.80 34.33
ACSR 125 Al 125/ St 6.94 Al 18/ St 1 14.9 29.17
ACSR 125 Al 125/ St 20.4 Al 26/ St 7 15.7 45.69
ACSR 160 Al 160/ St 8.89 Al 18/ St 1 16.8 36.18
ACSR 160 Al 160/ St 26.1 Al 26/ St 7 17.7 57.69
*RbPB: IEC1089
1>2 kareRbIR)as;ExSbNþajtg;süúgmFüm nigExSbNþajtg;süúgTabEk,rKña nigrYmKña

enAkñúgvaküx½NÐenH)ankMNt;fa kmøaMgTb;TMnajGb,brmaénExScmøgtg;süúgTab minRtUvTabCag
5kN b¤minRtUvTabCag 8kN GnuelamtamcenøaHbegÁal . eyIgGaceFVIkarvinic¢½yfaetI ExScmøgmYyNa
EdlRsbtam b¤minRsbtaml½kçx½NTÐ UeTAénsþg;dabec©keTsGKÁisnIkñúgRBHraCaNacRkkm<úCa tamry³

karepÞotpÞat;tamtarag ES28B .
279
tarag ES28B ³ ]TahrN_kmøaMgTb;TMnajénExScmøgtg;süúgTab
ExScmøg
eQµaH kmøaMgTb;TMnaj (kN)
muxkat; (mm )
2
cMnYnsésExS Ggát;pit© (mm)
ABC2x25 25 2 6.08 7.0
ABC2x35 35 2 6.90 9.8
ABC2x50 50 2 8.00 14.0
ABC2x95 95 2 11.3 26.6
ABC4x25 25 4 6.08 14.0
ABC4x35 35 4 6.90 19.6
ABC4x50 50 4 8.00 28.0
ABC4x70 70 4 9.60 39.2
ABC4x95 95 4 11.3 53.2
ABC4x120 120 4 12.9 67.2
ABC4x150 150 4 14.3 84.0
PVC-Al 25 25 6 5.85 4.1
PVC-Al 35 35 6 6.88 5.6
PVC-Al 50 50 6 8.01 7.3
PVC-Al 70 70 12 9.63 10.4
PVC-Al 95 95 15 11.33 14.1
PVC-Al 120 120 15 12.75 18.5
*RbPB :¬1¦ Tinñn½ysRmab;ExS ABC : Éksarbec©keTs Pirelli
¬2¦ Tinñn½ysRmab;ExS PVA-A1(THWA-C) : éf-YAZAKI
1>3 kareRbIR)as;ExSbNþajtg;süúgx<s; nigExSbNþajtg;süúgTabEk,rKña nigrYmKña
kartemøIgExSbNþajGakastg;süúgTab enAelIbegÁalRTEtmYyénExSbNþajGakastg;süúgx<s;
nwgRtUveCosevogtamEdlGaceTA)an BIeRBaHvanwgbNþal[maneRKaHfñak;EdlbNþalBIkarb:HqøgGKÁisnI
karqøgtg;süúgminFmµtaeTAExScmøgEckcayGakas enAeBlmankMhUcénExSbNþajbBa¢ÚnGakas
tg;süúgx<s; nigkarrMxanénGaMgDucsüúgeGLicRtUm:aejTic nigGaMgDucsüúgeGLicRtUsþaTic .
dUecñHmaRta34 énl½kçx½NÐTUeTAénsþg;dabec©keTsGKÁisnIkñúgRBHraCaNacRkkm<úCa )anhamXat;min[
eFVIkartemøIgExSbNþajGakastg;süúgTab enAelIbegÁalRTEdlmanExSbNþajGakastg;süúgx<s;eLIy.
vaküx½NÐenH GnuBaØatEtcMeBaHl½kçx½NÐEdlmeFüa)ayGKÁisnImanlkçN³dUc)anBN’naenAkñúg
maRta 28-1>3 énl½kçx½NTÐ UeTAénsþg;dabec©keTsGKÁisnIkñúgRBHraCaNacRkkm<úCa edIm,IeCosvagnUv
eRKaHfñak;xagelI kñúgkrNIEdlminGaceCos)an ]TahrN_ BuMmankEnøgsmRsbedIm,ItemøIgExS
bNþajtg;süúgTabenAkñúgtMbn;TIRkugdUcCaTIRkugPñMeBjBIeRBaHpÞHsg;enACit²KñaehIyExSbNþajtg;süúg
TabEdlsmRsbKWRtUvEtsißtenAtambeNþaypøÚvExSbNþajbBa¢ÚnGakastg;süúgx<s;EdlRtUv)ansagsg;
tambeNþaypøÚvenHrYcehIy .
280
eTaHCay:agNak¾eday kartemøIgExSbNþajGakastg;süúgTabenAelIbegÁalRTénExSbNþaj
bBa¢ÚnGakastg;süúgx<s; EdlelIsBI 115 KILÚvul: nwgRtUvhamXat; .
{eTaHkñúgkal³eTs³Nak¾eday} enAkñúgmaRta 28-1>1/ 1>2/ 1>3> mann½yfakñúg
l½kçx½NÐminl¥ nwgRtUv)anykmkBicarNadUcCa³
-enAeBlEdlkNþk;rbs;ExScmøgtg;süúgx<s;vayaEvgenAeBlbnÞúkeBj bu:EnþkNþk;rbs;ExScmøg
tg;süúgvaminyaEvg enAeBlEdlBuMmanbnÞúk .
karykcitþTukdak;cMeBaHsuvtßiPaBrbs;kmµkr TIFøasRmab;eFVIkarEfTaMRtUvrkSar[)anFMebIGaceTA
)an ehIyKmøatRtUv[)anx<s;ebIGaceTA)an .
ExScmøgCamYykmøaMg
Tb;TMnaj30kN b¤FMCag
ExScmøgtg;süúgx<s;
(115kV b¤TabCag)
ExScmøgtg;süúgmFüm 4.5 m or over

2.5 m or over
2 m or over
ExScmøgtg;süúgTab
{kmøaMgTb;TMnaj}
-5kN b¤FMCag¬cenøaHbegÁal³ tUcCag50m¦
-8kN b¤FMCag¬cenøaHbegÁal³ 50m b¤FMCag¦
ExSbNþajtg;süúgx<s; ¬115Kv:¦
b¤tUcCagExSbNþajtg;süúgmFüm kareRbIR)as;ExSbNþajEk,rKña
ExSbNþajtg;süúgTab ExSdIfñak; B¬ 10Ω b¤tUcCag¦
rUbPaB ES28A ³ pøÚvénkareRbIR)as;ExSbNþajtg;süúgx<s; ExSbNþajtg;süúgmFüm

nigExSbNþajtg;süúgTabEk,rKña
281
¬1¦tg;süúgGaMgDucsüúgeGLicRtUsþaTic nigtg;süúgGaMgDucsüúgeGLicRtUm:aejTic
EdneGLicRtUm:aejTicBIExSbNþajcrnþqøas;¬AC¦bNþalmkBIGaMgDucsüúg2RbePT³ GaMgDuc
süúgeGLicRtUsþaTic ¬EdnGKÁisnI¦ nigGaMgDucsüúgeGLicRtUm:aejTic ¬Ednm:aejTic¦ .
dUcbgðajenAkñúgrUb ES28B enAeBlEdlcm¶ayrvagExSbNþajtg;süúgx<s; nigExSbNþaj

tg;süúgTabmanRbEvgEvg tg;süúgGaMgDucsüúgeGLicRtUsþaTicFøak;cuHy:agxøaMg . pÞúymkvij tg;süúg
GaMgDucsüúgeGLicRtUm:aejTicminFøak;cuHxøaMgeLIy .
tg;süúgGaMgDucsüúgeGLicRtUsþaTic
tg;süúgGaMgDucsüúg
tg;süúgGaMgDúcsüúgeGLicRtUm:aej:Tic
cm¶ayrvagExSbNþajtg;süúgx<s; nigExSbNþajtg;süúgTab ¬tg;süúgmFüm¦

rUb ES28B : kareRbobeFobrvagtg;süúgGaMgDucsüúg 2 RbePT
k> tg;süúgGaMgDucsüúgeGLicRtUsþaTic
RbePTExScmøgmaneRsam nigExSkabkb;dI ¬]TahrN_³ ExStg;süúgTab¦ enACitExSEdlmancrnþ
¬]TahrN_³ ExStg;süúgx<s;¦ ekItmantg;süúgelIExSenaH ExScmøgtg;süúgx<s;
BIeRBaHExScmøgnImYy²edIrtYCabnÞ³ka):asuIT½r ¬kugdg;saT½r¦ .
tg;süúgenHehAfa tg;süúgGaMgDucsüúgeGLicRtUsþaTic . ExScmøgtg;süúgTab
dUecñH ExStg;süúgmFüm b¤ExStg;süúgTab enACitExStg;süúg
x<s; ekItmantg;süúg mkBIExStg;süúgx<s; .
témøtg;süúgGaMgDucsüúgFM enAeBlEdl³
-tg;süúgrbs;ExStg;süúgx<s; kan;EtFM
-cm¶ayrvagExSTaMgBIrkan;EtCitKña
tg;süúgGaMgDucsüúgeGLicRtUsþaTic RtUv)anKNnatamrUbmnþTI1
282
. . .
.
C E  Cb Eb  Cc Ec
Es  a a ---------- (rUbmnþTI1)
Ca  Cb  Cc  Cs
Edl³ Es: tg;süúgGaMgDúctg;eTAExScmøgtg;süúgTab (V)
Ea, Eb, Ec: tg;süúghVaeTAExSdI (V)
Ca, Cb, Cc: ka):asuIT½rrvagExScmøgtg;süúgx<s; nigExScmøgtg;süúgTab (F)
Cs: ka):asuIT½rrvagExScmøgtg;süúgTab nigExSdI (F)
edIm,Ikat;bnßytg;süúgGaMgDucsüúgeGLicRtUsþaTic ka):asuIT½r Ca, Cb, Cc rbs;tg;süúgx<s;

RtUvmantémøtUc ehIyka):asuIT½r Cs rbs;tg;süúgTabRtUvmantémøFM . dUcmanbgðajkñúgrUb ES28C,
ES28D nig ES28E cm¶ayrvagExScmøgtg;süúgx<s; nigExScmøgtg;süúgTab nigcm¶ayrvagExScmøg
tg;süúgTab nigdI KWvamansar³sMxan;Nas;edIm,IkMNt;ka)a:suItg; (capacitance) .
Ea
Ca
Ca
ExSkab Cb
Eb
Cb Ec
Cc
Cc
Neutral Es
Cs
Cs
rUbPaB ES28C : tg;süúgGaMgDucsüúgeGLicRtUsþaTic
283
2
a C ( F / m)
ExScmøg A
ln
d2
ab
0.02413  10 9 ------- (formula 2)
 ( F / m)
2h
d log 10
a
ε: CRmab =8.855x10 (F/m) -12
ExScmøg B
b a: kaMrbs;ExScmøg A (m)
b: kaMrbs;ExScmøg B (m)
d: RbEvgrvagkaMrbs;ExScmøg A nigExScmøg B (m)
rUb ES28D karKNnaka):asuItg;rvagExScmøg nigExSdI
2
a C ( F / m)
ExScMlg ln
2h
a
0.02413  10 9
 ( F / m) ---------- (formula 3)
h 2h
log 10
a
a: kaMrbs;ExScmøg (m)
h: km<s;ExScmøgBIdI (m)
dI
rUb ES28E karKNnaka):asuItg;rvagExScmøg nigExSdI
¬RbsiT§iPaB)aMgkarBaredaysarExSdIcmøg¦
dUcmanbgðajkñúgrUb ES28F ExSdI ExSNWtrbs;ExSbNþajtg;süúgTab edItYCaExSr)aMg¬
screening wire¦Edlman\T§iBlkñúgkarkat;bnßytg;süúgGaMgDúcsüúg . emKuNr)aMg¬ screening, (K))
RtUvKNnatamrUbmnþenAkñúgrUb ES28F .
ebIemKuN K esµI 0>6 tg;süúgGaMgDúcsüúgnwgRtUvfy 40° . ]TahrN_³ tg;süúgGaMgDúc
süúg EdlKµanExSr)aMg screening wire esµI 200 v:ul Ettg;süúgenHnwgfymkRtwm 120 v:ul
enAeBl EdlmanExSr)aMg screening wire .
284
ExScmøgtg;süúgx<s; 2.3
log 10
(h3  h2 ) 2  D2
2
2 0 (h3  h2 )  D2
ExSdI ¬ExSNWt¦
2
a1
K  1
a2 2.3 2h
log 10 3
2 0 a3
h1
dI log 10
(h3  h2 ) 2  D2
2
a3
(h3  h2 )  D2
2
h2
h3 1
D1 D2 2h
log 10 3
a3
D3 ¬rUbmnþTI4¦
emKuN screening
K:
rU b ES28F : emKuN Screening sRmab;tg;süúgGaMgDucsüúgeGLicRtUsþaTic

x> tg;süúgGaMgDucsüúgeGLicRtÚm:aej:Tic
tg;süúgGaMgDucsüúgeGLicRtUm:aej:TicRtUvKNnatamrUbmnþTI5 ¬eyagtamrUb ES28G ¦ . ExS
cmøgtg;süúgx<s;nImYy²edIrtYCabUb‘InkñúgRtg;sVÚ ehIyxül;edIrtYCasñÚlenAkñúgRtg;sVÚ . ExScmøgtg;süúg
TabCabUb‘InTI2.
. . . .
V  jl ( M a I a  M b I b  M c I c ) --------- (rUbmnþTI5)
Edl³ V: tg;süúgekItmankñúgExStg;süúgTab (V)
I , I , I : GaMgtg;suIethVanImYy² (A)
a b c
M , M , M : GaMgDuctg;eTAvijeTAmkrvag ExStg;süúgx<s; nigExStg;süúgTab

a b c (H/km)
l: RbEvgExSeRbIR)as;Ek,rKña (km)
ω: 2πf (rad/s)
f: eRhVkg; (Hz)
Ia
Ma Ib
ExStg;süúgx<s; Mb Mc Ic
ExStg;süúgTab
rUb ES28G tg;süúgGaMgDucsüúgeGLicRtUsþaTic

tamrUbmnþTI6 enAeBlEdlExSbBa¢ÚndMeNIrkarFmµta ehIybnÞúkesµIKñanaM[Kµµantg;süúg
GaMgDucsüúgeGLicRtUm:aej:TiceRcIn BIeRBaHBuMman Io . enAeBlEdlmankMhUcqøgb:HdI 1hVa naM[
285
mantg;süúgeGLicRtUm:aej:TiceRcIn BIeRBaHman Io . dUecñHcrnþénkMhUcqøgb:HdIExSNamYy RtUv
BinitüelIkarKNnatg;süúgGaMgDucsüúgeGLicRtUm:aej:Tic . tg;süúgGaMgDúcsüúgmantémøFM enA
eBlEdl³
-crnþqøgb:HdIenAelIExS1hVa ekIneLIg
-RbEvgExSRsbKñaénExScmøgTaMg2 ekIneLIg
-cm¶ayrvagExScmøgTaMg2 fycuH ¬Kµan\T§iBlxøaMgebIeRbobeFobeTAGaMgDucsüúgeGLic
RtUsþaTic¦
GaMgDuctg;eTAvijeTAmk (M) KNnatamsmIkar Karson-Porachek xageRkam³
 2 2 2  2 2 
M  4.6 log 10  0.1544  k (h  y )  j  k (h  y )  10  4 ( H / km)
 kd 3 2 3 
Edl cm¶ayrvagExStg;süúgx<s; nigExStg;süúgTab

d  x 2  (h  y ) 2 : (m)
x : cm¶ayepþkrvagExStg;süúgx<s; nigExStg;süúgTab (m)
h : cm¶aymkdIrbs;ExStg;süúgx<s; (m)
y : cm¶aymkdIrbs;ExStg;süúgTab (m)
k  4  10 7
  2f eRhVkg; (Hz)
f:
σ: CRmabm:aej:TicmkdI (s/m),
¬karb:³Bal;eday Screening tamExScmøgmkdI¦

manbgðajkñúgrUb ES28H ExSdIedIrtYCaExSr)aMg screening wire Edlkat;bnßytg;süúgGaMgDucsüúg .
emKuNr)aMg screening (K), RtUvKNnaBIrUbmnþenAkñúgrUb ES28H . enAeBl K esµI 0>6 tg;süúg
GaMgDucsüúgRtUvkat;bnßy 40° . ]TahrN_³ tg;süúgGaMgDúcsüúg EdlKµanExSr)aMg screening
wire esµI 200 v:ul Ettg;süúgenHnwgfymkRtwm 120v:ul enAeBlEdlman screening wire .
286
 2 
  j 4.6 log 10  10  4
 2 kd 1  D1
K  1
 2 S 
rS     j (4.6 log 10  ) 10  4 D2
 2 ka 2 
Edl D3
d1 cm¶ayeGKVIv:aLg;rvagExScmøgtg;süúgTabnImYy²mkExSdI (m)
d1  3 D1  D2  D3
a: kaMrbs;ExScmøg (m)
r : er:suIsþg;rbs;ExScmøg (Ω/km)
S
μ : permeability rbs;ExScmøg (Ω/km)

S
k  4  10 7
  2f eRhVkg; (Hz)
f:
σ : CRmabeTAdI (s/m),
rUbPaB ES28H emKuN Screening sRmab;tg;süúgGaMgDucsüúgeGLicRtÚm:aej:Tic

¬2¦etIRtUvseRmcbBaØtþisRmab;KmøatrvagExSbNþajtg;süúgx<s; nigExSbNþajtg;süúgTab
eBlEdltg;süúgGaMgDucsüúgEdlGnuBaØatRtUv)ankMNt;dUckñúgtarag ES28C KmøatcaM)ac;rvagExS
bNþajtg;süúgx<s; nigExSbNþajtg;süúgTabRtUvKNnatamtg;süúgGaMgDucsüúgsRmab;ExSbNþaj
tg;süúgx<s;rbs;GKÁisnIkm<úCaEdlmanRsab; .
taragtg;süúgGaMgDucsüúgEdlGnuBaØat
ES28C
tg;süúgGaMgDucsüúgEdl
l½kçx½NEÐ xS
GnuBaØatsRmab;ExSbNþaj mUlehtu
bNþajtg;süúgx<s;
tg;süúgTab
mann½ydUcmaRta 39 énl½kçx½NÐ
kñúgl½kçx½NÐdMeNIrkar tg;süúgGaMgDucsüúgeGLicRtUsþaTic
TUeTAénsþg;dabec©keTsGKÁisnI
Fmµta tUcCag 230v:ul
bTb,BaØtþisRmab;ExSKmnaKmn_Gnuvtþ
krNImancrnþqøgb:HdI tg;süúgGaMgDucsüúgeGLicRtUsþaTic sRmab;RbeTsmYycMnYndUcCa
hVamYy tUcCag 230v:ul cRkPBGg;eKøs/ shrdæGaemrik/
)araMg nigCb:un Edlman
287
k> tg;süúgGaMgDucsüúgeGLicRtUsþaTic
briyay Ékta témø

kaMMExScmøgtg;süúgx<s; mm 10.55
kaMMsmmUlénExScmøg 2 ExS mm 46.51
kaMMExScmøgtg;süúgTab mm 7.25
kaMMExSNWt mm 5.00
cm¶ayénkareRbIR)as;Ek,rKña m 500
RbEvgExStg;süúgTab m 500
lT§plénkarKNnaTaMg 3 krNIdUcmanxageRkam³
k> kñúgkrNIExStg;süúgx<s;énesoKVI 1 hVa
x> kñúgkrNIExStg;süúgx<s;énesoKVI 2 hVa CamYyhVaRsbKña
K> kñúgkrNIExStg;süúgx<s;énesoKVI 2 hVa CamYyhVabRBa©asKña
¬k¦ kñúgkrNIExStg;süúgx<s;mYyesoKVI ¬EdlExSNWtCaExSdI¦
Electrostatic induction voltage
350
300
250
230V
Voltage(V)
200
150
100
50
0
3.8m
0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9
Distance betw een phase c and LV (m )
288
a
3.5m
b
3.5m
c
Dc-l
LV
6.5m
¬x¦
kñúgkrNIExStg;süúgx<s;BIresoKVI manhVaRsbKña ¬EdlExSNWtCaExSdI¦
Line 2 Line 1
a
700
3.5m
b b 600
3.5m
500
c c
Voltage(V)
400
Dc-l
300
LV 200
100
6.5m 0
0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9
Distance betw een phase c and LV (m )
289
¬K¦ kñúgkrNIExStg;süúgx<s;BIresoKVI manhVabRBa©asKña ¬EdlExSNWtCaExSdI¦
Line 2 Line 1
c a
120
3.5m
b b 100
3.5m
a c Voltage(V) 80
Dc-l 60
LV 40
20
6.5m
0
0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9
Distance betw een phase c and LV (m)
tamlT§plénkarKNnaxagelI kñúgkrNIExStg;süúgx<s;manBIresoKVImanhVaRsbKña tg;süúg

GaMgDucsüúgminGackat;bnßy[enAticCag 230 v:ul eTaHbICaExSNWténExStg;süúgTabRtUvP¢ab;CamYy
ExSdIk¾eday . eBlEdlExSbNþajtg;süúgx<s; manBIresoKVIehIyerobcMhVabRBa©asKña RtUvEtGnum½t
[eRbIR)as; . KmøatcaM)ac; rvagExScmøgtg;süúgx<s; nigExScmøgtg;süúgTaby:agehacNas;RtUv
esµInwg 3>6 m . RtÚveFVIkarBicarGMBIPaBlMeGogénkarKNna KWRtÚvbEnßm 20° PaKrysRmab;
bRmúg ehIykarkMNt;cugeRkay KWKmøatGb,brma 4/5 m .
kñúgkrNIExStg;süúgx<s;BIresoKVImanhVabRBa©asKña tg;süúgGaMgDúcsüúgmankMritTab ebIeRbob
eFobCamYyesoKVImanhVaRsbKña .
karKNnaxagelI ExSNWtrbs;ExScmøgtg;süúgTabRtUv)anP¢ab;CamYyExSdI . kñúgkrNIKµan
P¢ab;ExSdI tg;süúgGMagDúcsüúgminGackat;bnßy[enAticCag 230v:ul . enAeBlExS ABC RtUv)aneRbI
CaExStg;süúgTab dUecñHExSdIfñak; B sRmab;ExSNWt vacaM)ac;kñúgkarkat;bnßytg;süúgGaMgDucsüúg .
290
x> tg;süúgGaMgDúcsüúgeGLicRtUm:aej:Tic
¬l½kçx½NÐsRmab;KNna¦
briyay Ékta témø
kaMMExScmøgtg;süúgx<s; mm 10.55
kaMMExScmøgtg;süúgTab mm 7.25
kaMMExSNWt mm 5.00
GaMgtg;suIetkMhUcExSdIsRmab;ExS1hVa A 1,000
GW
Electromagnetic induction voltage

a
600
3.5m
b Distance of side by side: 2km
500
c
400
Voltage(V)
3.5m 300
LV 200 Distance of side by side: 500m
100
6.5m
0
0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9
Distance betw een phase c and LV (m)
tamkarKNnaxagelI tg;süúgGaMgDúcsüúgeGLicRtUm:aej:Tic minelIsBI 650v:ul . Kmøat

caM)ac;KW 4>5m eTAtamlT§plénkarKNnatg;süúgGaMgDúcsüúgeGLicsþaTic GacGnuvtþ)an .
eTaHCay:agNa enAeBlEdlcm¶ayEk,rKñamancm¶ayEvgCag tg;süúgGaMgDúcsüúgeGLicRtUm:aej:Tic
nwgelIs 650 v:ul . dUecñHcm¶ayEk,rKña KYrkMNt;edayRbugRby½tñ edIm,IBicarNaGMBIkarsnµt;
tg;süúgGaMgDúcsüúg .
maRta 29 ³ ExSbNþajeRkamdI
1> kartemøIgExSbNþajeRkamdIkñúgbMBg;TIb nigbMBg;lUeRkamdI
sRmab;kartemøIgmeFüa)ayeRkamdI bBaðasMxan;²rYmman ³
291
- kartemøIgmeFüa)ayRtUvFn;nwgkarb:HTgÁicBIxageRkA dUcCaTm¶n;rbs;yanynþ
- karRKb;RKgTItaMgrbs;meFüa)ayEdlgayRsYlsmÁal;
CaTUeTA kartemøIgExSkabedayeRbIbMBg;TIbkarBar b¤bMBg;lUeRkamdIEdlGacFn;nwgkmøaMgsgát;
¬kartemøIgExSbNþajeRkamdIdak;kñúgbMBg;TIb¦ . kartemøIgrebobenH manGtßRbeyaCn_mYyeTot
KWvamanPaBgayRsÜlkñúgpøas;bþÚrExSkab Cagkarkb;ExSkabeRkamdIpÞal; .
enAeBltemøIgExSbNþajeRkamdIdak;kñúgbMBg;TIb CeRmArbs;ExSkabminmankarkMNt;eT . eTaH
Cay:agNak¾eday bMBg;TIbsRmab;temøIgExSbNþajeRkamdI dak;kñúgbMBg;TIbRtÚvEtFn;nwgsm<aFkinBI
elIrbs;yanynþ nigvtßúF¶n;²déTeTot . maRta 35>2 énl½kxç ½NÐTUeTAénsþg;dabec©keTsGKÁisnIkñúg
RBHraCaNacRkkm<úCa RtÚvEtGnuvtþRsedogKñanwgkartemøIgExSbNþajeRkamdIkñúgbMBg;lU . kñúgkrNI
EdlbMBg;TIbminGackMNt;PaBmaM)an kartemøIgExSbNþajeRkamdIRtÚvGnuvtþtammaRta 35>3>2 én
l½kçx½NÐTUeTAénsþg;dabec©keTsGKÁisnIkñúgRBHraCaNacRkkm<úCa .
kartemøIgkñúgbMBg;TIb
Edk C½r b¤bMBg;TIb suIm:g;
*kartemøIgExSbNþajrebobenH vamanlkçN³smehtupl nigmanRbsiT§iPaBsRmab;kargarEfTaM
kartemøIgExSbNþajkñúgbMBg;lU
eFñIrkab
*kartemøIgExSbNþajrebobenH vamanGtßRbeyaCn_sRmab;ExSbNþajbBa¢Únb¤ExSbNþajEckcayem
rUbPaB ES29A ]TahrN_énkartemøIgExSbNþajeRkamdI dak;kñúgbMBg;TIb nigbMBg;lU
292
2> karkb;ExSkabeRkamdIpÞal;
ExSbNþajeRkamdI RtÚvEttemøIgedIm,ITb;Tl;nwgsMBaFkinBIelIényanynþ nigvtßúF¶n;²déTeTot .
enAeBlExSkab RtÚvtemøIgeRkamdIpÞal; RtÚvmanviFankarN_smRsbedIm,IkarBarExSbNþajeRkamdITl;
nwgkarb:HTgÁicemkanic b¤karkab;dIedayeRbIcbRtesH . viFankarN_mYykñúgcMeNamviFankarN_TaMg
enaH KWRtÚveRbIbnÞHkarBarBIelIExSbNþajeRkamdI . viFankarN_mYyepSgeTot KWeRbIsñÚk kñúgkrNITI
taMgénmeFüa)ayeRkamdImanCeRmArak;Cagtémø Edl)ankMNt;kñúgl½kçx½NÐTUeTAénsþg;dabec©keTsGKÁisnI
kñúgRBHraCaNacRkkm<úCa . CeRmAénkarkb;ExSbNþajeRkamdI manBnül;kñúgrUbxageRkam .
D
D
KRmb
xSac;
sñÚk
ek,Óg/ bnÞH)aøsÞic[sBaØa
D
sñÚk
rUbPaB ES29B karBnül;GMBICeRmAénkarkb;ExSbNþajeRkamdIpÞal;

;
2>1 CeRmAénmeFüa)ayeRkamdIEdl)anerobrab;kñúgmaRta 35>3>2 énl½kçx½NÐTUeTAénsþg;dabec©keTs
GKÁisnIkñúgRBHraCaNacRkkm<úCamann½yfaCaCeRmAbnÞHkarBarExSkabénmeFüa)ayeFVIesvakmµ.
TIkEnøgEdlTTYlrgeRKaHfñak;edaykmøaMgsgát;rbs;yanynþ D= 1/2 m b¤FMCag

nigvtßúepSg²
TIkEnøgdéTeTot D= 0/6 m b¤FMCag
eTaHbICakarTTYlrgsm<aFEdlmankarxus²Kña GaRs½yelITRmg;rbs;pøÚvk¾edaytémøRtÚv)an
seRmceTAtamsßanPaBbc©úb,nñénExSbNþajeRkamdIenARbeTskm<úCa nigsþg;darbs;RbeTsepSg²eTot .
eRkABIsþg;daTaMgenH CeRmAénExSbNþajRtÚvGnum½tedaysßanb½nrdæ)alTTYlbnÞúkpøÚvfñl; dUcCaGaCJaFr
mUldæan .
293
2>2 TIkEnøgdUcxageRkam RtÚvrab;bBa¢ÚleTAkñúgTI “kEnøgepSg²”
-cMENkpøÚvedIrrbs;fñl;
-pøÚvEdlKµanyanynþqøgkat;
enAEtmankarKitKUrbEnßmnUvsßanPaBBit dUcCapøÚvGacRtÚvbiTedaysarkargareRkamdIepSg²
sRmab;kargarBRgIkbNþaj nigkarCYsCuleLIgvijnUvmeFüa)ayEdlmanbBaðaExSbNþajeRkamdIRtÚv
temøIgenAeRkamcMENkpøÚvedIrrbs;fñl; .
3> KnøatrvagExSkabeRkamdIeRcIn
enAeBlEdlExSbNþajGKÁisnIfµIRtÚvtemøIg Knøatd¾smRsbBIExSbNþajEdlmanRsab;RtÚvEt
FanaedIm,IkarBarExSbNþajepSg²eTotkuM[TTYlrgkarxUtxatedaysarkartemøIgExSbNþajGKÁisnIfµI .
KnøatGb,brmarvagExSkabeRkamdI nigExSbNþajGKÁisnIepSg²eTotRtÚvmantémødUckñúgtarag14B
énl½kçx½NÐTUeTAénsþg;dabec©keTsGKÁisnI énRBHraCaNacRkkm<úCa .
kñúgkrNIEdlExSGKÁisnImYykñúgcMeNamExSGKÁisnI2temøIgenAkñúgbMBg;rwgmineqH KnøatGb,brma
minRtÚv)ankMNt;eLIy .
4> KnøatrvagExSkabeRkamdI nigvtßúdéTeTot

meFüa)ayeRkamdI minGacemIleXIjCaFmµtaeT . EpñkeRkamdIRtÚveKEckrMElksRmab;
Rkumhu‘nTUrKmnaKmn_ Rkumhu‘nTwk nigRkumhu‘nhÁas . dUecñHenAeBltemøIgExSbNþajGKÁisnIfµImYy
Knøatd¾smRsbmYyBImeFüa)ayEdl)antemøIgrYc RtÚvEtFanaedIm,IkarBarmeFüa)ayTaMgenaH kuM[TTYl
rgkarxUtxatedaysarkartemøIgExSbNþajGKÁisnIfµI .
KnøatGb,brmarvagExSkabeRkamdI nigmeFüa)aydéTeTot RtÚvmantémødUckñúgtarag 14C
énl½kçx½NÐTUeTAénsþg;dabec©keTsGKÁisnI énRBHraCaNacRkkm<úCa.
kñúgkrNIEdlExSGKÁisnItemøIgenAkñúgbMBg;rwgmineqH ehIybMBg;enaHminb:HpÞal;CamYymeFüa)ay
epSg²eTotKnøatGb,brmaminRtÚv)ankMNt;eLIy ehIykñúgkrNIExSKmnaKmn_RtÚv)antemøIgCamYyKñanwgExS
bNþajGKÁisnIKnøatGb,brmak¾minRtÚv)ankMNt;eLIy .
294
ExSGKÁisnIEdltemøIgenAkñúg meFüa)ayepSgeTot ¬ExSKmnaKmn_
bMBg;rwgmineqH minb:HpÞal; hÁas Twk niglUbgðrÚ Twks¥úy
rUbPaB ES29C karBnül;GMBIExSkabeRkamdI nigvtßúdéTeTot

elIsBIenH meFüa)ayeRkamdIRtÚvEterobcMTItaMgrbs;BYkvaedayRbB½n§ GIS (Geographic
Information System), karKUsbøg; b¤eRbIviFankarN_smRsbdéTeTot . CaBiesssRmab;ExS
bNþajsMxan;²dUcCapøÚvrt;énExSbNþajtg;süúgx<s; nigExSbNþajtg;süúgmFüm RtÚvmansBaØa Edl
bgðajBITIkEnøgtemøIg meFüa)ayTaMgenaHenATItaMgtemøIgpÞal; edIm,IecosvagkarxUtxatedayeRKaHfñak;
epSg² .
5> kartP¢ab;ExSkabeRkamdI
sRmab;ExSbNþaj nigExSkabeRkamdIEdl)anplittamsþg;darGnþrCati RtÚvEteRbIedIm,I
karBarTl;nwgeRKaHfñak;GKÁisnI nigkarRCabcrnþeTAdI . bBaØtþiEdlTak;kartP¢ab;ExScmøgmanerob
rab;kñúgmaRta 18 énl½kçx½NÐTUeTAénsþg;dabec©keTsGKÁisnIkñúgRBHraCaNacRkkm<úCa . bEnßmelI
bBaØtþienH enAeBleFVIkartP¢ab;ExSkabeRkamdI kartP¢ab;RtÚvEtGnuvtþedayeRbIR)as;smÖar³smRsbedIm,I
rkSasßanPaBxagEpñkeRkA nigsßanPaBdMeNIrkarGKÁisnIRsedogKñanwglMnaMedImrbsExSkab BIeRBaH
bBaðaEdlekItmanenAcMNuctP¢ab;mancMnYneRcIn . l½kçx½NÐsRmab;tP¢ab;manerobrab;kñúgvaküx½NÐenH .
① bMBg;tP¢ab;
② bg;s¥itbU:lIeGTIELn
③ bg;ruMkarBarTwkRCab
④ bg;ruMlayCatisMN
⑤ bU:lITIELnP¢ab;kat;TTwg
⑥ bg;ruMbBa©ÚlKñaBak;kNþalcmøgGKÁisnI
⑦ RsTab;bg;ruMelah³
rUbPaB ES29D ]TahrN_énviFItP¢ab;ExStg;tg;süúgmFüm
295
6> TRmg;énRbGb;tMNrExSkabeRkamdI
enAeBlRbGb;tMNrExSkabeRkamdI dUcCaRbGb;manrn§EdlmnusSGaccUl)an nigRbGb;manrn§
EdlmnusSminGaccUl)an eFVIeLIgsRmab;RbmUlpþúMtMNrExSkabTRmg;énRbGb;tMNrExSkabeRkamdI RtÚv
kMNt;edaybBaØtþi . kñúgvaküx½NÐenH manerobrab;GMBIl½kçx½NÐCamUldæansRmab;RbGb;tMNrExSkab
eRkamdI .
KRmbEdlminGacebIk)anedaygayeday
buKÁlTI3/ ]TahrN_ cak;esar
RtÚvtemøIgsmÖar³sRmab;bWthÁasEdlGac
bNþal[pÞúH b¤eqH]sµ½n enAeBlRbGb;
rUbPaB ES29E ]TahrN_RbGb;tMNrExSkab tMNrExSkab manTMhM 1m3 b¤FMCag
7> ExSdIsRmab;meFüa)aytemøIgenAeRkamdI
sar³sMxan;énkarP¢ab;ExSdI manerobrab;kñúgmaRta 39 énl½kçx½NÐTUeTAénsþg;dabec©keTs
GKÁisnIkñúgRBHraCaNacRkkm<úCa . kñúgmaRtaenH kartRmÚv[P¢ab;ExSdIsRmab;meFüa)aytemøIgenA
eRkamdI RtÚv)aneKbBaØtþi . edIm,IkarBarkuM[qk;GKÁisnIedaysarbBaðaExSkab karP¢ab;ExSdI
suvtßiPaBfñak; D Edlerobrab;kñúgmaRta 39 énl½kçx½NÐTUeTAénsþg;dabec©keTsGKÁisnI kñúg
RBHraCaNacRkkm<úCa RtÚvEtGnuvtþsRmab;Epñkelah³énmeFüa)aytemøIgeRkamdI .
tMNreFVIBIelah³
RbGb;tMNreRkamdI
karP¢ab;ExSdIsuvtßiPaB fñak; D
rUbPaB ES29F ]TahrN_énRbGb;tMNrExSkabeRkamdI
296
8> bBaðaepSg²
- sBaØarMlwk[RbugRby½tñ dUcCa “RBmanfamanExSkabeRkamdItg;süúg >>>>KILÚvú:l xag
eRkam sBaØaenHKYrEtkb;eRkamdIcenøaHrvagExSkabnigépÞelIdIEdlGackarBar BIkarbMpøajExS
kabedaykarCIkdIrbs;Gñkem:Akasagsg; .
- KRmbRbGb;tMNrExSkab CaBiessExSkabtg;süúgx<s; RtÚvEteFVImin[ebIk)any:aggayeday
mnusSepSg eRkABIGñkRbtibtþikar .
297
CMBUk 3
298
1>Rbdab;karBar nigpþl;sBaØasRmab;Rtg;sVÚm:aT½r nigbrikçaplitGnuPaBGskmµ ¬kugdg;saT½r¦
1>1 rWeLkarBarcrnþelIsRtUvtemøIenATIkEnøgsMxan;²edIm,IkarBarExScmøg nigbrikçaGKÁisnIEdl
bNþalmkBIcrnþelIs nigbgáarkuM[ekItmanGKÁIP½yEdlbgáeLIgedaycrnþelIs .
kñúgkrNIEdlcrnþelIsekItmanenAkñúgesokVIGKÁisnI Rbdab;GKÁisnIenHnwgkat;pþac;ecjBIesoKVI.
enAkñúgbNþajEckcaytg;süúgTab kareRbIR)as;hVúysuIb b¤DIsüúgT½r sRmab;CMnYsrWeL
karBarcrnþelIs . enAkñúgbNþajtg;süúgx<s; nigmFüm DIsüúgT½rmanmuxgarCMnYs
rWeLkarBarcrnþelIs .
rWeLkarBarcrnþelIs RtUv)antemøIgenAkñúgExSbNþajtg;süúgx<s; nigbrikçaGKÁisnIedIm,Ibgáa
eRKaHfñak; nigkarBarxøÜnvapÞal; BIeRBaHExSbNþaj b¤brikçaGKÁisnIGacxUcedaysarcrnþqøg
b:³CaedIm b¤eRKaHfñak;GacbgárGKÁiP½y b¤>>>>> .
1>2 kñúgkrNIEdlRtg;sVÚm:aT½rmanGanuPaBFM Rtg;sVÚm:aT½rmaneRbgGuIsULaT½reRcIn b¤RbsinebIman

eRKaHfñak;ekIteLIgenAelIRtg;sVÚm:aT½r eRKaHfñak;EdlbgáeLIg)anC³\T§iBlmYycMnYnFMdl;kar
karBarbridæan nigkarkarBareRKaHmhnþray. eBlenaHesoKVIGKÁisnInwgRtUvkat;pþac;
muneBlEdlRtg;sVÚm:aT½rrgkarxUcxatF¶n;F¶r .
rIeLDIehVr:g;Esül rIeLlMhUreRbg rIeLsm<aF nigrIeLdéTeTotnwgRtUv)aneRbIR)as;sMrab;
karBareRKaHfñak;enAxagkñúgRtg;sVÚm:aT½r . kugdg;saT½rGanuPaB nigsWner:Gak;T½r KWCa
Rbdab;GKÁisnIsMrab;RtYtBinitüGanuPaBer:Gak;TIvenAkñúgRbB½n§GKÁisnI .
kñúgkrNIEdlekItmaneRKaHfñak;enAxagkñúgRbdab;GKÁisnITaMgenH crnþGKÁisnInwgRtUvkat;pþac;BI
esoKVIGKÁisnIedaymineFVI[b:³Bal;dl;RbB½n§GKÁisnIeLIy . ehIyRbdab;GKÁisnIenH minbgá
[manGKÁiP½yeLIy.
1>3 tYnaTI¼muxgarrbs;rWeT,
k> rWeT,karBarcrnþelIs
rWeT,karBarcrnþelIsmanmuxgarRtYtBinitütMélcrnþ nigpþl;sBaØacrnþelIs kñúgkrNI
mankMhUcedaysarqøgcrnþGKÁisnI b¤kMhUcbNþalmkBIkarqøgb:HdI .
299
x> rWeT,sm<aF (Pr)/ rWeT,lMhUreRbg (Oil)
rWeT,TaMgGs;enHdMeNIrkarCarrbobemkanic nigsRmab;RtYtBinitüsm<aFhÁas b¤lMhUreRbg
enAkñúgRtg;sVÚm:aT½r .
kñúgkrNImankMhUcenAEpñkxagkñúgRtg;sVÚm:aT½r rWeT,TaMgenHpþl;sBaØkMeNInénsm<aFháas
rWlMhUreRbg .
K> rWeT,DIehVr:g;Esül (Df)

enAkñúgkardMeNIrkarFmµta témørbs;GaMgtg;etcrnþ Io Edlqøgkat;rWeT,DIehVr:g;Esül
esµIsUnüBIeRBaHtémøGaMgtg;sIuetcrnþ I1 nig I2 mantulüPaB nigplbUkéncrnþTaMgBIr
I1 nig I2 esñInwgsUnü¬ I1+I2 = Io ¦.
mü:agvijeTot kñúgkrNImankMhUcenAEpñkxagkñúgRtg;sVÚm:aT½r crnþTaMgBIrminmantulüPaBeT

ehIycrnþ Io RtUvqøgkat;rWeT,DIehVr:g;Esül. rWeT,DIehVr:g;Esülpþl;sBaØamancrnþ Io
nigpþac;Rtg;sVÚm:aT½rBIesoKVIGKÁIsnI edaypþac;BIEpñknImYy²rbs;Rtg;sVÚm:aT½r.
m:asIunePøIg
rWeT,emkanic I1
rWeT,karBarcrnþelIs
rWeT,sm<aF rWeT,lMhUr rWeT,DIehVr:g;Esül
eRbg rWeT,DIehVr:g;Esül I0
Rtg;sÚVm:aT½r Rtg;sÚVm:aT½r
I2
bnÞúk
rUbPaB ES 30A ]TahrN_énrWeT,

1> EpñknanaénbegÁalRT
1>1 kRmas;énEdkpSMnana
kRmas;Gb,brmarbs;EdkpÁúMragepSg²nwgRtUvkMNt;)ansmRsbedaymincaM[xUcRTg;RTayenAeBl
dwktamk):al; nigkat;bnßynUveRcHsuI . kñúgvaküx½NÐenHsþg;dabec©keTsCb:unEdl)anbegáIteLIg
300
RbkbedaymanbTBiesaFn_kñúgry³eBly:agyUr Edl)aneFVI[kan;EtRbesIredIm,IeCosvagnUv
bBaðaedaysarEdkpÁúMragepSg² nwgRtUv)aneyagelIÉksar .
-pleFobkaM nigRbEvgrbs;EdkpSMnana
pleFobkaM nigRbEvgrbs;EdkpSMnana = L/R
L: rvagcm¶ayenARKb;cMNucRTrbs;EdkpSMnana
R: muMrmYlrbs;Edk I : m:Umg;GIuEnksIu A : épÞmuxkat;
rUbPaB ES31A L nig R énEdkpSMnana

1>2 kmøaMgénEdkrYmpSM nigb‘ULúg
¬1¦ TMnak;TMngrvagkmøaMgTajPaBlUtrbs;Edk
PaBlUtrbs;EdknwgekIneLIgCabnþbnÞab;RbsinebIkmøaMgxageRkAEdlmanelIEdk)anekIneLIg .
kñúgkrNIEdlmankmøaMgekIneLIgTajelIEdk enARtg;bnÞat; O-E RbsinebIkmøaMgEdlmanelIEdkenaH
RtUvdkecj PaBlUtrbs;EdknwgRtUv)at;sUnüEdr ehIyEdknwgvilmkrkTRmg;edImy:agqab;rh½s.
EdkeFVIkarkñúgbERmbRmYl)anl¥. cMNuc O-E ehAfatMbn;bERmbRmYl)an . cMNuc E ehAfa
RBMEdnkMNt;énbERmbRmYl)anrbs;Edk .
RbsinebImankmøaMgTajekIneLIgelIEdk elIsBIcMNuc E eTAdl;cMNuc Y . PaBlUtrbs;
EdkbnÞab;BIcMNuc Y EvgCagRbEvgcMMNuc O-Y eTaHbIkmøaMgTajelIsBIcMNucenH min)an
ekIneLIgeT cMNuc Y ehAfa cMNucekag .
RbsinebIPaBlUtrbs;EdkekIndl;cMNuc U kmøaMgTajfycuH . kmøaMgTajRtg;cMNuc U
ehAfa kmøaMgx<s;bMput . kmøaMgTaj kñúgkrNIEdk)ak; b¤dac; ¬cMNuc B¦ ehAfa
kmøaMgbM)ak; . cMNucekagCacMNucsMxan;bMputsRmab;kMNt;KuNPaBrbs;Edk.
301
kmøaMgyar ζB
ζ
kRmas; ζY
KµankmøaMgyar ε
cMNuc)ak;
ζB U
Y B
ζY
E
EdkpSMKµanlkçN³yarenARtg;cMNucenH
kmøaMøgyar ζ
O
kRmas; ε
ζB ζB
ζY
0.7ζB 0.7ζB
ζY
rUbPaB ES31B TMnak;TMngrvagTm¶n; nigkmøaMgyar
302
¬2¦ cMNat;fñak;énkmøaMg
kmøaMgTajsgxag kmøaMgsgát;sgxag kmøaMgBt;cugmçag kmøaMgRc)ac;[ekag
kmøaMgkat; kmøaMgRT
krNIEdkpSMTaMg2RtUvmYlP¢ab;edayb‘ULúg EdkpSMTaMgenHGacFn;nwgkmøaMgxageRkACamYykmøaMgkat;
nigkmøaMgRT
rUbPaB ES31C kmøaMgkat; nigkmøaMgRT
¬3¦ TMnak;TMngrvag L nig Lk
L: RbEvgéncMNucRT
L : RbsiT§iPaBénRbEvgekagrbs;EdkpSMnana
k
CaTUeTA Lk = 0.9L
rUbPaB ES31D TMnak;TMngrvag L nig L k
303
¬4¦ kmøaMgrbs;EdkpSMnana nigb‘ULúg
- Epñknanarbs;EdkEdlmanbERmbRmYltictYc
bMBg;Edk ¬muxkat;¦ muxkat;EdkragExVg ¬muxkat;¦

- Epñknanarbs;EdkEdlmanbERmbRmYlmYycMnYn
EdkEkgeRbIsRmab;P¢ab;EdkpSMnana ¬muxkat;¦
- Epñknanarbs;EdkEdlmanbERmbRmYld¾sMxan;
EdkEkgeRbIsRmab;P¢ab;EdkpSMnanaCamYyEKmNamYy ¬muxkat;¦
rUbPaB ES31E TMnak;TMngrvagEdkpSMnana nigbERmbRmYlrbs;va
¬5¦ kmøaMgep¥abCamYyebtug
kmøaMgep¥abCamYybegÁalebtug KWCakmøaMgrvagr)arEdkCuMvij b¤EdkpÁúMnana.l. CamYyRKwH

ebtug dUcmankñúgrUbPaBxageRkam .
304
kmøaMgxageRkA
r)arEdkCuMvij b¤EdkpÁúMnana
ebtug
rUbPaB ES31F kmøaMgep¥abCamYyebtug
tMNP¢ab;
EpñkcuxxagelIr)aEdk
RKwH
rUbPaB ES31G EpñkcugxagelIr)aEdk nigtMNP¢ab;
305
2> bnÞúksm<aFxül;
2>1 témøénsm<aFxül;
sm<aFxül;RtUvKNnatamrUbmnþenAkñúgGtßbT dUcmanbgðajkñúgtarag ES31A .
lT§plRtUvkMNt;ykRtwm 10° BIeRBaH manTinñn½yxøHrbs;el,Onxül; nigtémø 32m/s
minTan;manRKb;RKan; .
tarag ES31A sm<aFxül;

sm<aFxül;kñúg1m2
sm<aFxül; emKuNer:suIsþg;
kñúgtMbn;ecalbBaÄr
begÁalmUl 0.8 520
begÁalbIRCug b¤bYnRCug 1.9 1,220
begÁalEdk begÁalbYnRCugmanEdkEfb
1.5 970
mUl
begÁaldéTeTot 2.4 1,540
begÁalebtug begÁalmUl 0.8 520
begÁalRT begÁalbUnRCug 2.0 1290
begÁalEdkpÁúMxs< ; eyagtam EX31-2.3 2,350 *
bMBg;Edkx<s; eyagtam EX31-2.3 1,340 *

begÁalEdk
begÁalmUl 0.8 520
x<s; begÁal
begÁal6RCug
eTal 1.5 970
b¤8RCug
ExSGKÁisnIEdlmanExScmøgeRcIn
¬kMNt;kñúgTIenHEdlExScmøg2 man
ExScmøg
sßanPaBepþk ehIycm¶ayrvagExS 1.05*0.9 610
GKÁisnInigExS
cmøgTaMg2enH mintUcCag20dg én
Tb;déTeTot
Ggát;pit© xageRkA¦
ExScmøgdéTeTot 1.05 680
canGuIsULaT½r 1.4 900
édTRmsRmab;begÁalEdk¬kMNt;sRmab;begÁalmUl¦ enAeBeRbICaeRKOg
1030
1.6
nigbegÁalebtug bnSMEtmYy
2.2 1410 kñúgkrNIdéTeTot
*témøenHRtUvGnuvtþsRmab;begÁaltg;süúgx<s; 115kV EdlmankMBs;TabCag 40 Em:Rt .
306
l½kçx½NÐ³
-el,Ónxül; 32m/s
-dg;suIetxül; 1.137kg/m 3
(28C, 80%, 1,013×105Pa)
-sItuNðPaBmFüm 28C
-sMeNImmFüm 80%
rUbmnþxageRkam KWsRmab;KNnabnÞúksm<aFxül;kñúg 1m2 kñúgénépÞcMeNalbBaÄr ¬eyag
sþg;da IEC60826¦
1 
P  C  K R V 2 
2
):asáal;]
[
2 
Edl
C= emKuNer:suIsþg;
δ = dg;suIetxül; (kg/m3)
V = el,Ónxül; (= 32m/s)
KR = emKuNkkit (= 1.00)
2>2 kasikSaGMBIxül;beBaäóg
kñúgkrNImansm<aFxül;mkelIbegÁalEdkedayTTYlrgnUvbnÞúky:agxøaMgTaMgmUlelIva Tisxül;
beBaäógEdlbk;mkelIbegÁalGacbNþal[begÁalTTYlkarxUcxat. kñúgkrNIbegÁalbBa¢Úntg;süúgx<s;
EdlmankMBs;x<s; nigédTRmEvg b¤begÁalEdlRbhak;RbEhlnwgkarsagsg;rbs;va kmøaMg
énbegÁalRtg;kEnøgkac;RCug nigRKwHTb;Tisxül;beBaäógRtUvEteFVIkarsikSa. muMGtibrimanwgRtUvkMNt;
edayERbRbYleTAtambegÁalEdkEfbnImYy² .
eTaHCay:agNa vaRKb;RKan;edIm,IsikSaTisxül;beBaäóg
edaycab;BImuM 60° EdlbegÁalkEnøgkac;RCugTTYlrg
kmçaMgsm<aFxül;TajGtibrimaeRkamsm<aFel,Ónxül; .
kñúgkrNIEdlbegÁalcugbMputEdlsnµt;TTYlnUvkmøaMg rUbPaB ES31H
TajEdlminmanlMnwgl¥ vaTMngCargkarb:³Tisxül;
beBaäóg nigbegáInkmøaMgTajeTAelIbegÁal.
RbsinebIsm<aFcrnþxül;elIbegÁalEdkEfbekIneLIg vanwg
mankmøaMgRKb;RKan;sRmab;TUTat; nwgkarfycuHrbs;sm<aF
rUbPaB ES31I
307
xül;mkelIExScmøg nigkmøaMgTajrbs;ExScmøgdUecñHTis
xül;beBaäógmincaM)ac;KitKUrelIbegÁalEdkEfbeT .
2>2>1 sm<aFxül;elItYbegÁalEdk
k> begÁalEdkEfbev:
sm<aFxül;elItYbegÁalEdkekIneLIg enAeBlbegÁalRtUv)anrgcMTisxül;beBaäóg . bnÞúkenA
elIépÞmuxkat;begÁalEdkekIneLIgdl;Gtibrima enAeBlEdldak;cMTisxül;cab;BImuM 60° .
bnÞúkGtibrmaRbEhlCa 1>2 dgénbnÞúk edaysarxül;bk;enAmuM 90° . kñúgkrNIenH
kmøaMgepSg²CaBiesskmøaMgTajrYmpSMepSg²minmanbBaða RbsineRbobeFobeTAnwgkrNIEdl
begÁalEdkdak; RtUvrgxül;kñúgmuM 90° . cMNuc „a‟ nig „c‟ manbgðajkñúgrUb ES31H
nwgmankmøaMTaj
1.64 dg (=1.2{sin60°+cos60°}) eyagtamlT§plénkarKNna .
eTaHCay:agNak¾eday CakarBitTisedAxül; nigsm<aFxül;xusKñabnþicbnþÜcEtb:ueNÑaH .

lT§plénkareFVIetsþxül;eRkamdI)anpþl;kmøaMgTajbegÁalekIneLIgRbEhl 1>56 dg .
dUecñHkmøaMgTajelImuxkat;rbs;begÁalEdkedaysm<aFcrnþxül;elItYbegÁalkñúgmuM 60° Gac
xusKña 1>6 dg kñuúgmuM 90° .
x> begÁalbMBg;EdkEfb
kñúgkrNIbegÁalbMBg;EdkEfb sm<aFxül;elItYbegÁalEdknwgekIneLIgEdr edaysarEtcMTis
xül;beBa¢óg bu:EnþminxøaMgdUckrNIbegÁalEdkev:eT . eyagelIlT§plénkareFVIetsþ
bnÞúkenAelImuxkat;begÁalEdk EdlRtUvsm<aFxül;bk;cMtYbegÁalkñúgmuM 60° xül;RtUv)ancat;
TukfaRbEhl 1>4 dg énxül;Edlbk;cMtYbegÁalénmuM 90° .
2>2>2 sm<aFxül;elIédTRm
sm<aFxül;elIédTRmedayTisedAxül;beBa¢ógmansmasPaKrbs;kmøaMgEpñkxagmux nigxag
eRkaydUcmanbgðajkñúgrUbES31I. kareFVIetsþkñúgbMBg;xül;edayeRbIKMrUédTRm )anbgðajfa
enAeBlEdlKMrUédTRm dak;[rgxül;bk;kñúgmuM 60° TItaMg “a” nig “c” begÁalrgkmøaMg
Taj 0>55 dg énTItaMgrgxül;kñúgmuM 0° . sm<aFxül;elItYbegÁalEdk RtUv)an
eRbIdUcsm<aFxül;elIédTRm . eTaHy:agNatémøenH CatYelxmansuvtßiPaBticbMputsRmab;
édTRm dUecñHkmøaMgTajrbs;begÁalEdk Edlbgáedaysm<aFxül;elIédTRmcMmuM 60° Gacman
0>5 dg énkmøaMgTajEdlKNnaedaysnµt;fasm<aFxül;Edl)anedayplKuNépÞ
308
cMeNalEkgxagmuxénédTRmCamYynwgsþg;dasm<aFcrnþxül; EdlmanGMeBIkñúgTisedAExS
beNþayrbs;ExS .
2>2>3 sm<aFxül;elIExScmøg
kareFVIetsþenAkñúgbMBg;xül;)anbBa¢ak;fa kmøaMgsm<aFxül;elIExScmøgedayTisxül;BIRCug
xagsþaMeTAExScmøgfycuHRsbtamsmIkar sin énxül;EdlTTYlmuM φ ehIysmasPaKén
2
sm<aFxül;kñúgTisedAdUcExScmøgesÞIrEtGacbM)at;ecal)an . dUecñHkmøaMgTajbegÁal
EdlbNþalBIsm<aFxül;eTAExScmøgkñúgmuM 60° nwgman 0>75 dg ( ＝ sin 60°/ sin 90°)
2 2
kñugmuM 90°.
2>3 karbegáItsm<aFxül;edayEp¥kelIkm<s;
2>3>1 karKNnatémøsm<aFxül;sRmab;begÁalEdk
sm<aFxül;smmUléntYbegÁalEdk RtUv)anKNnatamsmIkarxageRkamCamYyemKuNGaeGrU
DINamik edayGaRs½yTRmg;begÁal nigsm<aFxül;Edl)anKNnaCamYynwgkarkMNt;tam
karcg;)ansm<aFxül; edayeFVI[emKuNekIneLIgbnþicmþg² .
¬1¦ sm<aFxül;rbs;begÁalEdk
H
 C q hdh
h h
P 0
H
 hdh
0
P: sm<aFxül;énbegÁalEdk (Pa)
C : emKuNDINamikGakas h(m) dIxagelI C = C + b(H – h)
h h a
C : emKuNGaeGrUDINamikenAelIbegÁalEdkEpñkkMBUlelI
a
b: GRtakMeNInénemKuNGaeGrUDINamik
H: km<s;BIdIeTAkMBUlelI (m)
h: km<s;dIxagelI (m)
q : el,Ónsm<aF h(m) EpñkdIxagelI (Pa)

h
¬2¦ emKuNGaeGrUDINamik
enHCa]TahrN_emKuNGaeGrUDINamikrbs;tYbegÁalEdk EdlmanRsab;enACb:undUcmanbgðaj
kñuúgtarag ES31B .
309
tarag ES31B emKuNDINamikGakasrbs;tYbegÁalEdk
begÁalEdkev: bMBg;Edkx<s;
110-154kV 185-275kV 110-154kV 185-275kV
C0 3.4 3.4 1.8 1.8
Ca 2.7 2.8 1.6 1.7
b 0.0175 0.012 0.005 0.002
l 40 50 40 50
Ca
Ch  Ca  bH  h
l
H
C0
H  l  h　　 C h  C a  b( H  h)
H  l  h　　 C h  C 0
l : Height　 for　 calculatio n
rUb ES31J emKuNDINamikGakas

2>3>2 karKNnasm<aFxül;
karerobcMsm<aFxül;enAkMBs; h (m) xagelIdI RtUvKNnaCamYysþg;dael,Ónxül; q0
nigemKuNkMeNIn α dUcxageRkam ³
q h    q0
1/ 4
h
   
 h0 
310
α: emKuNkMeNIn
qh : sm<aFxül; (Pa)
q0 : sþgd ; asm<aFxül; (Pa)
h : kMBs;elIdI (m)
ho : sþg;dakMBs; 10 m
sþg;dasm<aFxül;RtUvKNnaedayEp¥kelIsþg;dael,Ónxül;kMBs; 10 Em:Rt BIdI

dUcxageRkam³
1
q0  VG210
2
δ= dg;suIetxül; (kg/m ) 1.137kg/m (28C, 1,013×10 Pa)

3 3 5
VG10 : el,Ónxül; enAkMBs;; 10 Em:Rt BIdI (m/sec)
g : TMnajEpndI (9.80665m/sec2 )
2>3>3 sm<aFxül;elItYbegÁalEdk
sm<aFxül;elItYbegÁalEdkenAkm<úCaRtUvKNnaedayeyagtammaRta 3>3>1 nig 3>3>2 .
¬1¦ sþg;dasm<aFxül; nigsþg;dakMBs;xagelIdI
sþg;dasm<aFxül;Ep¥kelIkarkMNt;el,Óncrnþxül; 32m/sec enAkm<úCadUcmanbgðaj xageRkam³
tarag ES31C sþg;dasm<aFxül;

q0 680 N
h0 10 m
¬2¦ sm<aFxül;elItYbegÁalEdkenAkm<úCa manbgðajdUcxageRkam³
311
tarag ES31D sm<aFxül;elItYbegÁalEdkenAkm<úCa
kMBs;begÁalEdk begÁalEdkev: bMBg;Edkx<s;
H(m) 110-154kV 185-275kV 110-154kV 185-275kV
40 b¤ticCag 2350 2380 1340 1390
50 b¤ticCag 2530 2540 1430 1480
60 b¤ticCag 2690 2690 1510 1550
70 b¤ticCag － 2830 － 1620
80 b¤ticCag － 2950 － 1680
3> bnÞúkelIbegÁalRT nigemKuNsuvtßiPaB

3>1 RbePT nigkarrYmKñaénbnÞúksnµt;
karKNnakmøaMgTajRtUvKNnaedayELkBIkñúgkrNIl½kçx½NÐFmµta nigl½kçx½NÐminRbRktI .
karKNnakñúgkrNIl½kçx½NÐminRbRktI RtUv)anGnuvtþsRmab;EtbegÁalEdkEfbbu:eNÑaH . mü:ag
vijeTot kmøaMgxageRkARtUv)ankMNt;edayELkkñúgTisedAbBaÄr EkgnwgdI nigTisedAénExSbBa¢Ún
¬TisedAepþkbeNþay¦ nigTiedAénRCugxagsþaMCamYyExSbBa¢Ún¬TisedAepþkTTwg¦.
3>2 lMnaMénExSbNþajdac;kñúgkrNIminRbRktI
ExSdIénExSbNþajGakas
esoKVI ¬3hVa¦
ExSTajsnµt;xageRkamRtUv)ankat;pþac;kñúgkrNIminRbRtI .
-hVamYy b¤ExSdIénExSbNþajGakasEdlTTYl)annUvsßan
PaBGaRkk;sRmab;begÁalRT enAeBlEdlExSRtUvdac;; .
-ExScmøg2 mkBIhVamYy krNImanExScmøgeRcIn .
k> kñúgkrNIExSbNþajminelIsBI12 hVa
312
ExSdIénExSbNþajGakas
esoKVI ¬3hVa¦
ExSTajsnµt;xageRkamRtUv)ankat;pþac;kñúgkrNIminRbRtI .
-hVaBIr EdlTTYl)annUvsßanPaBGaRkk;sRmab;begÁalRT
enAeBlEdlExSRtUvdac;; dUcrUbPaBxageqVg .
-ExScmøg2 RtUv)ankat;pþac;kñúgesoKVIEtmYy EdlminGac
seRgÁaH)an .
-ExScmøg2 kñúghVa1 krNImanExScmøgeRcIn .
kñúgkrNIExSbNþajelIs 12 hVa
rUbPaB ES31JK lMnaMénExSbNþajdac;kñúgkrNIminRbRktI
313
-RbePTemKuNsuvtßiPaB tarag ES31K bnÞúkelIbegÁalRT
nimitþsBaØa bnÞúkbBaÄr
Ｔ
Tm¶n;rbs;begÁalEdk ＶａＴ
Ｗｃ
Tm¶n;rbs;ExScmøg nigExSdI Ｗi ＷｃＷｃＷi
Ｔ
ＶａＴ
Tm¶n;rbs;GuIsULaT½r Ｗi ＷｃＷｃ
Ｗi
Ｔ
ＶａＴ
kmøaMgTajrbs;ExScmøg nig Ｗi ＷｃＷｃＷi
ExSdI Ｔ
Ｔ
Ｖａ
kmøaMgTajrbs;ExSTb; Ｗｔ (Ｗs)
begÁalRT
bnÞúkepþkTTwg
sm<aFxül;elIbegÁalTRm Ht
sm<aFxül;elIExScmøg Hi Hi
l½kçx½NÐFmµta
Hｃ
nigExSdI Hｃ (ｑ1)
ｑ
sm<aFxül;elIcanGuIsULaT½r Hｃ Hｃｑ
Hi Hi
kmøaMgTajrbs;ExScmøg/ Hｃ Hｃ
(ｑ1)
ExSdI nigExSTb;begÁalRT
Hａ Hs
bnÞúkrmYledaysarkmøaMg
TajminsmmUlKña
bnÞúkepþkbeNþay
sm<aFxül;elIbegÁalTRm l½kçx½NÐFmµta l½kçx½NÐminFmµta
P1 = T1-T2 P2 = T1
kmøaMgTajrbs;ExSTb;begÁalRT (In case T2<T1)
Ｔ1
Ｔ2 T1 P1 Ｔ2
(Ｗs’) ｑ1
kmøaMgTajminsmmUlrbs; Ht (ｑ)
hVaTaMgGs; (ｑ)
ｑ1
kmøaMgTajminsmmUlrbs; Ｔ1
Ｔ1 Ｔ2
hVaNamYy Ｔ2 P1
(Ｗs’)
bnÞúkrmYledaysarkmøaMg P2
TajminsmmUlKña
314
- ]TahrN_énbnÞúkelIbegÁalRT
2400
]TahrN_énkarKNna
3200
900 800
900
4400
2600
800 750 750 800 900
5600
2300
1200
1100
1200
1300
20100
1500
2100
12000
15000
2700
3000
300
4200
rUbPaB ES31L eRKagrbs;begÁalRT
315
]TahrN_énkarKNna
tarag ES31F l½kçx½NÐénkareFVIKeRmag ¬]TahrN_¦

l½kçx½NÐénkareFVIKeRmag
briyay Ékta témø
tg;süúgNUmINal; kV 66
cMnYnesoKVI cct 2
bnÞúkbegÁal m 150 200
muMrvagExS degree 20
GRtamuMbBaÄr - +0.1 0.1
RbePT - ACSR/AC 410mm2 x 1
Ggát;pit© mm 28.5
ExScmøg Tm¶n;kñúgmYyÉkta kg/m 1.569
sItuNðPaBx<s; N 43800
kmøaMgTMnajGtibrima
sItuNðPaBTab N 44000
RbePT - Ac 70 mm2
Ggát;pit© mm 10.5
ExSdI Tm¶n;kñúgmYyÉkta kg/m 0.4265
sItuNðPaBx<s; N 8430
kmøaMgTMnajGtibrima
sItuNðPaBTab N -
RbePT - 250mm GuIsULaT½rragmUlsMEb:t
GuIsULaT½r Ggát;pit© cMnYn¼1ExS 7
Tm¶n;kñúgmYyÉkta kg/begÁalmYy 130
RbePT - busþiGuIsULaT½rragEvg ??
busþiGuIsULaT½r Ggát;pit© cMnYn¼1ExS 1
Tm¶n;kñúgmYyÉkta kg/begÁalmYy 35
begÁalRT Pa 2840
ExScmøg Pa 980
karkMNt;sm<aF
ExSdI Pa 980
crnþxül;
GuIsULaT½r N/ bgÁal1 590
busþiGuIsULaT½r N/1ExS 200
kMnt;sMKal;
316
tarag ES31G karKNnabnÞúksnµt; ¬]TahrN_¦ ]TahrN_énkarKNna
taragénkarKNnabnÞúksnµt;
karKNnabnÞúksnµt; ¬ kN/ cMNucRT ¦
briyay KNna lT§pl
G 0.4265 x (150+200)x g x 10-3 1.47
Wc Tm¶n;ExScmøg nigExSdI C1~3
C4~6
(1.569 x (150+200)+130 + 35/2)x g x 10-3 6.84
G (8430 x 0.1) x 10-3 0.85

rujcuH C1~3 43800 x 0.1 x 1 x 10-3 4.38
Va
Wi
smasPaBkmøagM TajbBaÄr C4~6
G (8430 x 0.1) x 10-3 0.85
rujeLIg C1~3
C4~6
43800 x 0.1 x 1 x 10-3 4.38
G (980 x 10.5 x 10-3 x (150 + 200 ) x ) x 10-3 3.61

epþkTTwg C1~3 (980 x 28.5 x 10-3 x (150 + 200 ) +590 + 200/2 ) x 10-3 10.47
Hc
Hi
sm<aFxül;elIExScmøg nigExSdI C4~6
G
epþkbeNþay C1~3
C4~6
G 2 x 8430 x 20 x 10-3 337.2
Hc
smasPaBkmøagM TajepþkTTwg C1~3
C4~6
2 x 43800 x 1 x 20 x 10-3 1752
G
P1 ; kmøaMgTajminsmmUlrbs;hVaTaMgGs; C1~3
C4~6
G 0 x 10-3 0
P2 kmøaMgTajminsmmUlrbs;hVaNamYy C1~3
C4~6
43800 x 10-3 43.8
G
C1 ( 43800 x 2.2 / (2 x 0.900 )) x 10-3 53.54
C2 ( 43800 x 2.8 / (2 x 1.059 )) x 10-3 57.91
q
q1
bnÞúkrmYledaysarkmøaMgTajminsmmUlKña C3
C4
( 43800 x 2.4 / (2 x 1.200 )) x 10-3 43.8
C5
C6
cMNaM
Sin 20°/2= 0.1736
ｇ=9.80665(Gravitational acceleration)
317
maRta 32 H kareRKagRbdab;RTsRmab;ExScmøg nig¼b¤ sRmab;RTExSdIénExSbNþaj
Gakastg;süúgx<s;
1> emKuNsuvtßiPaBénRbdab;RTsRmab;ExScmøg nig¼b¤ExSdI énExSbNþajGakastg;süúgx<s;
1>1 emKuNsuvtßiPaBsRmab;sþg;dadéTeTot
emKuNsuvtßiPaBrbs;canGuIsULaT½rKWminRtUvtUcCag 2>5 énkMlaMgFn;rrbs;va .
emKuNsuvtßiPaB 2>5 KWCatémøsmRsb Edlvinicä½yBIsþg;dabreTs .
tarag ES32A emKuNsuvtßiPaBenAkñúgRbeTsepSg²
sþg;da emKuNsuvtßiPaB
l½kçx½NÐTUeTAénsþg;dabec©keTsGKÁisnI³ km<úCa 2>5 b¤FMCag
l½kçx½NÐTUeTAénsþg;da³ Cb:un 2>5 b¤FMCag
2>0 b¤FMCagkMlaMgTMnaj
kUdsuvtßiPaBGKÁisnICati³ shrdæGaemrik
2>5 b¤FMCagkMlaMgekag
bTb,BaØtþiGKÁisnI ¬ExSbNþajGakas¦³ Gg;eKøs KµanbBaØtþi
VDE0210 : Gg;eKøs 3>3 b¤FMCag
1>2 karKNnakMlaMgcanGuIsULaT½r
bnÞúkbBaÄr nigbnÞúkepþkTTwgRtUvKNnadUcxageRkam³
bnÞúkbBaÄr = (Wi + Wc×S) ×g +T1tanα1+T2tanα2 (N)
bnÞúkepþkTTwg = Hi + Hc×D×S + T1sinθ1+T2sinθ2 (N)
Edl³ Wi : TMgn;canGuIsULaT½r (kg)

Wc : TMgnExScMlg ¬ÉktaRbEvg¦ (kg/m)
D : Ggát;p©itExScMlg (m)
S : cm¶ayRbeLaH (m)
g : 9.80665 (m/s2)
T1,T2 kMlaMgsrubGtibrimaénbnÞúkepþkrbs;ExScMlgbBa¢Ún
: (N)
α , α : cMNucRTénmuMel,Ik
1 2
Hi : bnÞúksm<aFxül;rbs;canGuIsULaT½r (N)
Hc : bnÞúksm<aFxül;rbs;ExScMlg (N/m ) 2
θ , θ : muMepþk
1 2
318
rUbPaB ES 32 A
2> kmøaMgemkanikrbs;GuIsULaT½rsRmab;ExSbBa¢ÚnGakas
(bnÞúksm<aFxül;eRbIsRmab;KNnakMlaMgTajcanGuIsULaT½r)
bnÞúksm<aFxül;Edlbgðajkñúgl½kçx½NÐlMGiténsþg;dabec©keTsGKÁisnI kñúgRBHCaNacRkkm<úCa
maRta 31>3 RtUv)anKNnatémøEdlbgðajkñúgtarag ES32B . viFIKNnabnÞúksm<aF
crnþxül;nwgRtUvBnül;lMGitenAkñúgGtßbTBnül; maRta 40>5 énl½kçx½NÐlMGiténsþg;da
bec©keTsGKÁisnIkñúgRBHCaNacRkkm<úCa .
tarag ES32B（reinsert）
sm<aFxül;kñúgmYyEm:Rtkaer:
sm<aFxül; KitkñúgtMbn;sRmab;bnÞúkbBaÄr
ExScmøgRbePTeRcInsés *1 610
ExScmøgGKÁisnI
ExScmøgRbePTmYysés 680
canGuIsULaT½r 900
*1: sRmab;Gnuvtþn¾EtkñúgkrNIEdlExScmøgBIrTajkñúgbnÞúkepþk nigcMgayrvagExScmøgTaMgBIrenH

minelIsBI 20dgénbnÞat;p©itxageRkArbs;ExScMlg .
319
tarag ES32C témøeRbIsRmab;KNnasm<aFxül;
δ(kg/m3)
C KR V(m/s) Margin
sm<aFxül;
(N/m2)
ExScMlgRbePTeRcInsés 0.9 1.172 1.05 32.0 1.1 610
ExScMlgRbePTmYysés 1.0 1.172 1.05 32.0 1.1 680
EpñkcanGuIsULaT½r 1.4 1.172 1.0 32.0 1.1 900
P＝C δKR2V2 [ Pa]
Edl³
c= emKuNersuIsþg;
g = dg;suIetxül;
v = el,Ónxül;
K = emKuNKRKat
R
kñúgkrNIEdlExScmøgRbePTeRcInséssn§wgRsbTisedAxül;sm<aFcrnþxül;KW 90° énExS

cMlgRbePTmYysés Edlcat;TukfafycuHtamplKuNrbs;ExScMlg (680 × 0.9 = 610) .
xül; ExScmøgeRcInsés
maRta 33 karkarBarTl;nwgrnÞ³ sRmab;ExSbNþajGakastg;süúgx<s;

320
Rbkar 42 énl½kçx½NÐTUeTAénsþg;dabec©keTsGKÁisnIkñúgRBHraCaNacRkkm<úCakMNt;viFankarN_
3 edIm,Ikat;bnßykMhUcGKÁisnIbNþalmkBIrnÞ³ nigkarBarmeFüa)ayGKÁisnIkMu;[xUcedaysarrnÞ³ .
enHCakarBnül;xøwmsarEdlbgðajBIviFankarN_lMGitTaMg 3³
k> ExSdIénExSbNþajGakas
ExSdIénExSbNþajGakasmanRbsiT§iPaBkarBarExScmøgTb;Tl;pÞal;CamYyrnÞ³ nigmanRbsiT§I
PaBkñúgkarkat;bnßyb:Utg;EsülGKÁisnIekIneLIgénbegÁalRT nigGaMgDucsüúgeGLicRtUm:aejTic .
kartemøIgExSdIsRmab;ExSbNþajGakas KWCaviFankarN_mYyedIm,IbnßyGNþatePøIg Edl
ekIteLIgedaysarrnÞ³ . ExSdIsRmab;ExSbNþajGakasmanRbsiT§PaBkñúgkarkarBarmin[rnÞ³)aj;
BIeRBaH rnÞ³RtUv)anqøgcUltamExSdIsRmab;ExSbNþajGakasedayRbsiT§iPaBrbs;rgVg;karBar .
sRmab;ExSbNþajtg;süúgx<s; 115KILÚv:ul EdlmanbegÁalRTExSdIsRmab;ExSbNþaj
GakasTabnwgRtUvtemøIgedaykMNt;muMrvagbegÁalRT nigcanGuIsULaT½r[tUcCag 35 dWeRk edIm,I
rkSaRbsiT§iPaBrgVgk; arBar[)an 90° .
eTaHCay:agNak¾eday sRmab;ExSbNþajtg;süúgx<s; 230KILÚvul: EdlmanbegÁalRT
x<s;edIm,I;FanaRbsiT§iPaBrgVg;karBar RtUvtemøIgExSdIsRmab;ExSbNþajGakascMnYn 2 BIeRBaHExS
bNþajenH mankarTukcitþx<s; .
sRmab;tMbn;EdlekItmanrnÞ³jwkjab;caM)ac;RtUvKitBITMhMénExSdIsRmab;ExSbNþajGakasedIm,I
karBarExSdIsRmab;ExSbNþajGakasxøÜnÉgBIkarxUcxatedaysarrnÞ³ .
α α
321
α：muMkarBarrvagbegÁalRT nigcanGuIsULaT½r
muMkarBarkan;EttUcRbsiT§iPaBénExlkarBarkan;Etx<s;
muMrvagbegÁalRT nigcanGuIsULaT½rRtUvtUcCag 35 dWeRk
rUbPaB ES33A ExSdIénExSbNþajGakas nigrgVg;karBar
x> k,alekagRcalGKÁisnI
k,alekagRcalGKÁisnI RtUv)aneRbIsRmab;kat;bnßyeRKaHfñak;TaMgLayEdlGacekItmanenAeBl
manGNþatePøIgenAelIbgÁúMcanGuIsULaT½r .
k,alekagRcalGKÁisnImanRbsiT§iPaBelIGNþatePøIgrvagk,alekagRcalGKÁisnI edIm,IbgáabgÁM
canGIsULaT½r kMu[maneRKaHfñak;TaMgLayEdlGacekItman . kartemøIgk,alekagRcalGKÁisnI
edIm,I[GNþatePøIgeFVIclnaputBIIépÞénbgÁúMcanGuIsULaT½r [eTAeFVIclnaelIEpñkxagcugénk,alekagRcal
GKÁisnIvij dUecñHk,alekagRcalGKÁisnI bgáacanGuIsULaT½rkuM[xUc .
CaFmµtacenøaHrvagcugk,alekagRcalGKÁisnImanRbEvgBI 70°-80° énRbEvgbgÁúMcanGuIsULaT½r.
322
Arc horn
Horn gap
Arc horn
Horn gap
k>bgÁúMcanGuIsULaT½rsRmab;Taj x>bgÁúMcanGuIsULaT½rsRmab;BüÜr
rUbPaB ES33B k,alekagRcalGKÁisnI
K> cg¥ÚrEdkcab;ExScmøg
cg¥rÚ Edkcab;ExScmøg RtUv)aneRbIsRmab;kat;bnßyeRKaHfñak;TaMgLayEdlGacekItmanenAeBl
EdlmanGNþatePøIgekIteLIgenAelIbgÁúMcanGuIsULaT½rsRmab;RTExScmøg .
cg¥rÚ Edkcab;ExScmøgKWmYlRt)aj;edaymanExSeRcIn EdlGgát;p©itrbs;vaRbEhl 1-3mm tam
beNþayBIelIExScmøg .
kartemøIgcg¥ÚrEdkcab;ExScmøg KWmanRbsiT§iPaBbgáaExScmøgkuM[rlayedayGNþatePøIgGKÁisnI
EdlekIteLIgenAelIExScmøg Rtg;cMNucRbdab;ritP¢ab; BIeRBaHcg¥rÚ Edkcab;ExScmøgFn;RTaM nigbegáIn
muxkat; .
323
ExScmøg
cg¥rÚ Edk
ExScmøg
rUbPaB ES33C cg¥ÚrEdkcab;ExScmøg
k,alekagRcalGKÁisnI
Rbdab;Tb;rMj½r
cg¥rÚ Edk
rUbPaB ES33D k,alekagRcalGKÁisnI (Tension Type Insulator Device)
324
k,alekagRcalGKÁisnI
Rbdab;Tb;rMj½r
rUbPaB ES33E k,alekagRcalGKÁisnI (Suspension Type Insulator Device)
rUbPaB ES33F cg¥ÚrEdk
1 Rbdab;Tb;rMj½r
viFankarxageRkamRtUv)aneRbIR)as;sRmab;karBarExSbNþajGakastg;süúgx<s;EdlbNþalmk
BIrMj½redayxül; .
]Tah½rNRbdab;Tb;rMj½rmandUcxageRkam³
325
Double Torsional Damper
Bate Damper
Stock Bridge Damper

Christmas Tree Damper
Vibration Less Damper
rUbPaB ES34A Ca]TahrN_énRbdab;Tb;rMj½r
manTMnak;TMngy:agCitsñitrvagExSRsat nig EDS ¬BakübRgÜjénkmøaMgTajral;éf¶EdlCa

PaKryénbnÞúkral;éf¶kñúgl½kçx½NÐKµanxül;eTAnwgkMlaMgTMnajExS¦ . CIGRE RtUv)anyk
mkGnuvtþCalT§plénkarRsavRCavénmeFüa)ayGKÁisnIEdlmanRsab; nigGnusasn_Edl EDS
RtUvmantMéltUcCagtémødUcmanbgðajkñúgtarag ES34A xageRkam .
* CIGRE : RkumRbwkSaGnþrCatikñúgRbB½n§GKÁisnIFM² EdlCaGgÁkardwknaMmYyelIBiPBelakEpñk
RbB½n§GKÁisnIRKbdNþb;elIEpñkbec©keTs esdækic© brisßan TidæPaBénkarRKb;RKg nig
bBaØtþinana .
tarag ES34A Recommended value of EDS by CIGRE CSC6-58-3
ExScMlg elxerogP¢ab; CamYyRbdab;Tb;rMj½r CamYycg¥ÚrEdk CamYyRbdab;Tb;rMj½rnigcg¥ÚrEdk

ACSR 18% 24% 22% 24%
326
maRta 35³ KmøatrvagExSRsat nigbegÁalRTénExSbNþajGakastg;süúgx<s;
k> KmøatGuIsULaT½rGb,brima
KmøatrvagExScmøg nigbegÁalRTRtUvkMNt;edayGnulamtamtg;süúgekItenAeBlebIkcrnþ eday
KittamkareyaKeTAeyaKmkrbs;ExScmøg . CaTUeTA tg;süúgekItenAeBlebIkcrnþ RtUvkMNt;
dUctarag ES35A .
tarag ES35A KmøatrvagExScmøg nigbegÁalRT
¬1¦ tg;süúgNUmINal; 115 230
¬2¦ tg;süúgx<s;bMputrbs;brikça 123 245
¬3¦ témøtg;süúgx<s;bMputeFobnwgdI 100.4 200.0
¬4¦ emKuNtg;süúgekItenAeBlebIkcrnþ 2.8 2.8
¬5¦ tg;süúgekItenAeBlebIkcrnþ 281.2 560.1
¬6¦ emKuNbnßyKuNPaBénPaBmincmøgGKÁisnI 1.1 1.1
¬7¦ tg;süúgEdlFn;x<s;bMput 309.3 616.1
¬8¦ Kmøat 0.64 1.40
- KmøatRtUv)ankMNt;ecjBIGuImBUlrbs;tg;süúgekIteLIgeBlebIkcrnþ lkçN³sMeNIm
niglkçN³rbs;tg;süúg EdlFn;x<s;bMputrvagExScmøg-tYbegÁalEdk EdlbNþal[man
GNþatePøIgekIteLIg.
¬viTüasßanvisVkmµGKÁisnICb:un r)aykarN_bec©keTs elx 220¦
- tg;süúgx<s;bMputrbs;brikçarKWEp¥kelI l½kçx½NÐTUeTAénsþg;dabec©keTsGKÁisnI kñúg
RBHRaCaNacRkkm<úCa maRta 6 {tg;süúg{ . l½kçx½NÐenHEp¥kelI IEC 60038 .
- emKuNbnßyKuNPaBénPaBmincmøgGKÁisnI mandUcxageRkam³
CaTUeTARtUvdwgfavaekIteLIgenATItaMgEdlmankMBs;x<s; GNaþtePøIgmankMritTab . cMeBaH
mUlehtuenH emKuNbnßyKuNPaBénPaBmincmøgGKÁisnInwgRtUv)anykmkeRbI . témørbs;va
KWesµInwg 1>1 enAkMBs; 1000m . ¬viTüasßanvisVkmµGKÁisnICb:un r)aykarN_bec©keTs
elx 220¦.
- emKuN tg;süúgekItenAeBlebIkcrnþ
327
tg;süúgebIkcrnþeRcIn mandUcxageRkam³
tarag ES35B Switching Surge Multiple

RbePTExSNWtP¢ab;eTAdI eRcIn
ExSNWter:Gak;T½rP¢ab;eTAdI 3.3
ExSNWtP¢ab;pÞal;eTAdI 2.8
ExSNWter:suIsþg;P¢ab;eTAdI 2.0
¬r)aykarN_rbs;viTüasßanvisVkmµGKÁisnI¦
Kmøat
rUbPaB ES35A TMnak;TMngKmøatrvagExScmøg nigbegÁalRT
328
1600
1500
1400
1300
1200
Withstand Voltage(kV)
1100
1000
900
800
700
600
500
400
300
200
100
0
0 50 100 150 200 250 300 350 400 450 500 550 600
GAP(cm)
Graph ES35A Characteristics of switching surge wet flashover voltage between a conductor and a
steel member from the experience in Japan
x> KmøatrvagExSdI nigExScmøgEdlCitbMput

KmøatrvagExSdI nigExScmøg kñúgkrNIenHRtUveRCIserIsCa B>A kñúgkrNImankarerobcM .
ExSdIsRmab;ExSGakas RtUv)antemøIgsRmab;Tb;sáat;karRtlb;mkvijnUvGNþatePøIg rbs;
ExSbNþajtg;süúgx<s; EdlekIteT,Ig. KmøatrvagExSdI nigExScMlgtg;süúgxðs;enAelI
benøaHbegÁÁal RtUvFMCagenARtg;begÁalTRm edIm,IeCosvagnUvkardac;ExScMlg .
CaTUeTA kNþk;ExSdIsRmab;ExSGakas esµInwg 80% énExScMlgGakastg;süúgx<s;kñúgl½kçx½NÐ
sItuNöPaBFmµta nigKµanxül; .
329
begÁalEdkx<s; begÁalEdkx<s;
A
B ExSP¢ab;dI
ExScmøg
ExScmøg
ExScmøg
B>A
rUbPaB ES35B TMnak;TMngKmøatrvagExSdI nigExScmøg
kñúgkrNIEdlbegÁalcugbBa©b;eTAsßanIydUcmanbgðajkñúgrUbxageRkam KmøatRtUvkMNt;ykRbePT
A>B>C.
eTaHCaya:gNa RbsinebI A>B kñúgkrNIEdlbegÁalcugbBa©b;eTAsßanIy ebImaRta 44 min

smRsbenaH eyIgRtUvkMNt;yk B>C .
A ExSP¢ab;dI
Dead-end tower
ExScmøg
B
ExScmøg C
begÁal ExScmøg
rUbPaB ES35C KmøatbegÁalcug eTAsßanIyn_
330
sþg;dabec©keTs {maRta45 kMBs;ExSbNþajtg;süúgx<s;} kMNt;kMBs;ExScmøgénExS
bNþajGakastg;süúgx<s; enABIelIépÞdI BIelIpøÚvfñl; BIelIpøÚvrfePøIg nigBIelITenø b¤smuRT .
maRta45>1>1 kMBs;enAkñúgtMbn;TIRkug .
1 kMBs;ExSbNþajtg;süúgx<s;kñúgtMbn;TIRkug
]TahrN_énkMBs;ExScmøgénExSbNþajGakastg;süúgx<s;enAkñúgtMbn;TIRkug mandUcxag
eRkam³
ExScmøg
ExScmøg
kMBs;³ cMNucTabbMput
rbs;begÁal
tg;süúg kMBs;
115 7.0 b¤eRcInCag
230 7.7 b¤eRcInCag
[]TahrN_énkarKNnakMBs;/ kEnøgsaFarN³/ ExScmøgbBa¢Ún 115KILÚvul: ]

6.5m + (115-35)/10 × 0.06 = 6.98m
rUbPaB ES36A ]TahrN_énkMBs;ExSbNþajtg;süúgx<s;kñúgtMbn;TIRkug
2 kMBs;enAkñúgtMbn;EdlCnTI3Bi)akcUlCit
]TahrN_énkMBs;ExScmøgénExSbNþajGakastg;süúgx<s;enAkñúgtMbn;EdlCnTI3Bi)akcUlCit
mandUcxageRkam³
331
ExScmøg
ExScmøg
rbs;begÁal
tg;süúg kMBs;
115 6.0 b¤eRcInCag
230 6.7 b¤eRcInCag
]TahrN_énkarKNnakMBs; kEnøgsaFarN³ ExScmøgbBa¢Ún 115KILÚvul

[ : ]
5.5m + (115-35)/10 × 0.06 = 5.98m
kMBs;ExScmøgRtUvkMNt;ykcMNucNamYyéncenøaHbegÁal
rUbPaB ES36B ]TahrN_énkMBs;enAkñúgtMbn;EdlCnTI3Bi)akcUlCit
3 kMBs;qøgBIelIpøÚvfñl; nig¼b¤pøÚvrfePøIg
kMBs;ExScmøgénExSbNþajGakastg;süúgx<s; qøgkat;BIelIpøÚvfñl;rYmmanpøÚvsMxan;²dUcCa pøÚv
Cati nig¼b¤ pøÚvrfePøIg RtUvkMNt;[smRsbeTAnwgkartemøIgExSbNþajEckcaytambeNþay
pøÚv nig¼b¤ pøÚvrfePøIg dUcmanbgðajxageRkam³
332
begÁalEdk begÁalEdkx<s;
x<s;
ExScmøg
3-5m
8-10m
rbs;begÁal
pøÚv
ExSbNþaj mFüm¼Tab
tg;süúg [kV] kMBs; [m]
115 13.5 b¤eRcInCag
230 14.2 b¤eRcInCag
[]TahrN_énkarKNnakMBs; kEnøgsaFarN³ ExScmøgbBa¢Ún 115KILÚvul: ]

13.0m + (115-35)/10 × 0.06 = 13.48m
rUbPaB ES36 C ]TahrN_énkMBs;qøgBIelIpøÚvfñl; nig¼b¤ pøÚvrfePøIg
4 kMBs;qøgBIelITenø nig¼b¤smuRT
]TahrN_énkMBs;ExScmøgénExSbNþajGakastg;süúgx<s; qøgkat;BIelITenø nig¼b¤smuRT
mandUcxageRkam³
333
ExScmøg
ExScmøg
Kmøat kMBs;³ cMNucTabbMput
nava rbs;begÁal
Tenø
tg;süúg [kV]
kMBs; b¤Kmøat [m]
kMBs;³ 6>0 b¤eRcInCag

115
KmøatkMBs;³ 3>5 b¤eRcInCag
kMBs;³ 6>7 b¤eRcInCag
230
KmøatkMBs;³ 4>2 b¤eRcInCag
[ ]TahrN_énkarKNnakMBs; kEnøgsaFarN³ ExScmøgénExSbBa¢Ún 115KILÚv:ul ]
[ ]TahrN_énkarKNnaKmøat kEnøgsaFarN³ ExScmøgénExSbBa¢Ún 115KILÚv:ul ]
rUbPaB ES36 D ]TahrN_énkMBs;qøgkat;BIelITenø nig¼b¤ smuRT

kMBs;cab;BIépÞTwkxagelIGaRs½ynwgkMritkMBs;TwkEdlx<s;bMput . enAeBlEdlExSbNþajbBa¢Ún
RtUv)antemøIgqøgkat;Tenø cMNuckMritkMBs;Twkx<s;bMputRtUvkMNt;bnÞab;BIkarkt;RtaRsavRCavkMrit
kMBs;épÞTwk . kñúgkrNIkEnøgBi)akRsavRCav karkt;RtakMritkMBs;Twkx<s;bMputnwgRtUv)ankMNt;
edayGnuelamtamkMritkMBs;Twkx<s;bMputBImun b¤tamkMBs;bNþajbBa¢ÚnEdlenACitRsab; .
maRta 37 ³ KmøatrvagExSbNþajGakastg;süúgx<s; nigmeFüa)aydéTeTot b¤edImeQI

1> KmøatrvagExSbNþajGakastg;süúgx<s; nigmeFüa)aydéTeTot b¤edImeQI
rUbPaBénKmøatrvagExSbNþajGakastg;süúgx<s; nigmeFüa)aydéTeTot b¤edImeQI mandUcxag
eRkam³
334
ExSbNþajGakastg;süúgx<s;
rUbPaB ES37A rUbénKmøat
{l½kçx½NÐénExScmøg} begÁalTRm
-kñúgsItuNðPaBGtibrima
-ExScmøgeyakeTAeyakmkCa
GtibrimaeRkamel,Ónxül;bk;Gtibrma
Kmøat³
Kmøat³ cMgayGb,brmaRtUvKitBI
cMgayGb,brmaRtUv
kareyakeTAeyakmkénExScmøg
KitBIkareyakeTA
Lf
eyakmkénExScmøg
Lt
edImeQI
meFüa)aydéTeTot
rUbPaB ES37B KmøatenAelIbegÁalRT
335
{l½kçx½NÐénExScmøg}
-kñúgsItuNðPaBGtibrma
-muMrvagExScmøgeyakeTA
eyakmkCaGtibrmaeRkam ExScMlg
el,Ónxül;bk;Gtibrma
-muMrvagExScmøgeyakeTAeyakmkCa
d
GtibrmaeRkamel,Ónxül;bk;Gtibrma
r
¬45-60 dWeRk¦
d
d: kNþk;ExScmøg
Kmøat
begÁalEdk
x<s;
eRKag
begÁalEdk
x<s;
rUbPaB ES37C KmøatkñúgbegÁal
1>1 KmøatcMeBaHmeFüa)aydéTeTot
brikçaTaMgLaydUcCa pøÚvedIrEdlmnusS]sSah_qøgkat; RtUvrab;bBa©ÚlkñúgmeFüa)aydéTeTot .
dUecñHedIm,IFanasuvtßiPaBenATIenaH ExScmøgRtUvmankm<s; 3m sRmab;tg;süúg 35 KILÚvul:
b¤ticCag . eTaHCay:agNa enAeBltg;süúgelIsBI 35KILÚv:ul kMBs;enHnwgRtUvKitKUr)anbUk
bEnßm 0>06m sRmab;ral;karekIn 10 KILÚv:ul .
1>2 KmøatcMeBaHedImeQI
KmøatrvagExSbNþajGakastg;süúgx<s; nigedImeQI edIm,IFanasuvtßiPaBRtUvmankMBs; 2m
sRmab;tg;súüg 35 KILÚv:ul b¤ticCag kñúgl½kçx½NÐénkareyakeTAeyakmkrbs;edImeQIeday
sarel,Ónxül; . enAeBltg;süúgelIsBI 35 KILÚv:ul kMBs;enHnwgRtUv)anKitKUrbUkbEnßm
0>06m sRmab;ral;karekIn 10 KILÚv:ul .
b:uEnþmaRta 46 minrab;bBa©ÚlnUvl½kçx½NÐdUcxageRkam³
- ExScmøgbBa¢ÚnGakassRmab;tg;süúg 115KILÚvul: Edl)antemøIgminRtUv[b:³edImeQIeLIy.
cMnYnelxBitR)akdedayeyageTAtamtg;süúgnwgRtUvkMNt;dUcxageRkam³
336
tarag ES37A témøcMeBaHKmøatcaM)ac;
kmµvtßú tg;süúg [kV] kmøat [ｍ] KNna
115 3.5 3.0+0.06×(115-35)/10=3.48
Lf meFüa)aydéTeTot 230 4.2 3.0+0.06×(230-35)/10=4.17
115 2.5 2.0+0.06×(115-35)/10=2.48

Lt edImeQI 230 3.2 2.0+0.06×(230-35)/10=3.17
cMnYneRkayek,ós sRmab;xÞg;TI1RtUvbEnßm[dl;elxKt; .
[KmøatrvagExSbNþajGakastg;süúgx<s; nigmeFüa)aydéTeTot b¤edImeQI ]
KmøatEdl)aneFVIkarseRmcenHRtUvKitBIsþg;daRbeTsdéT nigsþg;dabec©keTssRmab;ExS
bNþajEckcay nigl½kçx½NÐbc©úb,nñ sRmab;RbeTskm<úCa . eyagtamsþg;daRbeTs
déTdUc)anerobrab;xageRkam³
tarag ES37B KmøatrvagExSbNþajGakastg;süúgx<s; nigmeFüa)aydéTeTot
Kmøat [ｍ]
tg;süúg
Cb:un )araMg Gaemric (NESC) GaT,Wm:g;
115 4.2 3.9(3.6) 4.6(1.9) -
230 6.0 4.7(4.2) 5.3(2.6) 5.7(3.7)
sMKal;³ ( ) KmøatenAeBlEdlExScmøgeyakeTAeyakmk
tarag ES37C KmøatrvagExSbNþajGakastg;süúgx<s; nigedImeQI
Kmøat [ｍ]
tg;süúg
Cb:un )araMg GaT,Wm:g;
115 2.8 1.9(1.3) -
230 4.1 2.8(1.6) 3.2
sMKal;³ ( ) KmøatenAeBlEdlExScmøgeyakeTAeyakmk
2> l½kçx½NÐenACitKña nigqøgkat;elIGaKar

cMeBaHExSbBa¢ÚnGakastg;süúgx<s; nwgminRtUvGnuBaØattemøIgenACitGaKar b¤enAxagelIGaKar
eLIy . vaKWCakarcaM)ac; EdlRtUveCosBIsßanPaBEbbenH eRBaHfavanwgekItmanhaniP½y
337
dUcCakar dac;ExScmøgEdlbgáeLIgedayGKÁIP½yEdleqHGaKar karBRgIkGaKar kartemøIg
Gg;EtnTUrTsSn_ CaedIm .
(ExSbNþaj 115 KILÚvu:l)
eTaHCay:agNa k_minGaceCosputkñúgkartemøIgExSGakasenACitGaKar b¤enAxagelIGaKar
sRmab;karpÁt;pÁg;GKÁisnIenAkñúgtMbn;TIRkug . dUecñHeyIgsMercGnuBaØat[temøIgExSbNþaj
tg;süúgx<s; 115KILÚvul: EdlCameFüa)aycaM)ac; temøIgenACitGaKar b¤enAxagelIGaKar
sRmab;tMbn;TIRkug .
Kmøatrbs;ExSbNþajbBa¢Úntg;süúgx<s; 115KILÚvul: nigmeFüa)ayd_éTeTotRtUvesµInwg
3>5Em:Rt dUcmanbgöajkúñgtarag ES 37A . mankarP½yxøacenAeBlmanmnusSQr
elIGaKar b¤enACitExScMlgmantg;süúg . kúñgkrNIenH eRKÓgsuvtßiPaBRtUvEfm 3>5Em:Rt
eTAelItémøkMNt;ykkñúgbBaØtiþ ehIylTVplenHesµI 6Em:Rt ¬3>5 ÷ RbEvgkMNt;man
suvtßiPaB = 6>0Em:Rt ¦
(ExSbNþaj 230 KILÚv:ul )
eyIgsMercminGnuBaØattemøIgExSbNþajtg;süúgx<s; 230KILÚvul: BIelIGaKareLIyBIeRBaH
vanwgGacekItmanGKÁIP½yeTAGaKarxageRkamExSbNþajtg;süúgx<s;230KILÚv:ul EdlbNþal
[maneRKaHfñak;F¶n;F¶rdl;karpÁt;pÁg;GKÁisnI .
maRta 38 ³ karbgáarcMeBaHeRKaHfñak; nigkarrMxanBIGaMgDucsüúgeGLicRtUsþaTic

nigGaMgDucsüúgeGLicRtUm:aej:Tic
1 karbgáarcMeBaHmhnþrayedaysarGaMgDucsüúgeGLicRtUsþaTic nigGaMgDucsüúgeGLic
RtUm:aej:Tic
1>1 karbgáarcMeBaHGaMgDucsüúgeGLicRtUsþaTic EdlrMxaneRCotERCkelIExSbNþajTUrs½BÞGakas
kñúgkarsagsg;ExSbNþajbBa¢ÚnfamBlGKÁisnI caM)ac;RtUvBinitü[)anm:t;ct;ExSkabTUrs½BÞ
EdlmanBImun ehIyenACitva sikSaGMBIkarBRgIkbEnßmExSkabTUrs½BÞ EdlGacrg
karrMxan nigcat;viFankarN_edIm,IFanacMgaysmRsb rvagbNþajbBa¢ÚnfamBl
GKÁisnI nigExSkabTUrs½BÞ .
karsagsg;ExSkabTUrs½BÞ bnÞab;BIExSbNþajbBa¢Ún)ansagsg;rYc RtUvmankarBiPakSa
y:aghµt;ct; nigRtUveFIVkarENnaMdl;GñktemøIg dUecñHkartemøIgExSkabTUrs½BÞenAkúñgtMbn;
EdlmanGaMgDucsüúgrMxan nwgRtUv)aneCosvag b¤RbsinebIkñúgkrNIEdlminGaceCosvag)an
338
dUecñHviFankarTaMgLaynwgRtUvbegáIt edIm,Ilb;bM)at;karrMxanBIGaMgDucsüúg .
edayELkCalT§pl GaMgDucsüúgeGLicRtUm:aejTic GaMgDucsüúgeGLicRtUsþaTic )an
rMxandl;karsnÞnatamTUrs½BÞCagbBaðasuvtßiPaB kñúgGMLúgeBlbBa¢ÚnfamBlGKÁisnI .
dUecñHehIy CaeKalkarN_RtUvTb;sáat;karrMxanCaRbcaMcMeBaHExSkabKmnaKmn_ karrMxan
ry³eBlxøIminRtUv)ancat;TukCabBaðarMxaneLIy .
CalT§plminmanGaMgDucsüúgeGLicRtUsþaTic rMxanenAelIExSkabTUrs½BÞ kñúgkrNIExSkab
bBa¢ÚnGakastg;süúgx<s;EdlmaneRsabRsTab;karBar . RsedogKñaenHEdr Kµan
GaMgDucsüúgeGLicRtUsþaTic rMxanenAelIExSkabTUrs½BÞGakasEdlmanEdkBüÜrExSkabP¢ab;
CamYydI. kñúgkrNIenHcat;TukfaenAeRkAkarBicarNa .
tamkarKNnarkKmøatrvagBIExSbNþajmYyeTAExSbNþajmYyeTot EdlbgáakarrMxan b:uEnþ
vaenAEtmanmhnþrayEdlbgáeLIgedaykarrMxanGaMgDucsüúgekIteLIg enAeBlEdlExSbNþaj
epSg² cab;epþImeRbIR)as;karrMxanenHGaclb;bM)at;edaybþÚrTItaMghaVrbs;ExSbNþajGakas
tg;süúgx<s; b¤edayeRbIExSkabelah³edayeRbIRbB½n§ExSdIfñak; {X} enAcenøaHExSbNþaj
TaMgBIredIrtYCaGñkkarBar b¤eRbIviFankarepSg²RsedogKñaenH .
kñúgkrNIxøH karbþÚrTItaMghaVGacmanRbsiT§PaB nigmanlkçN³esdækic©Cag b¤cat;viFan
karN_epSg² elIExSkabTUrs½BÞCMnYs[karbþÚrTItaMghaVrbs;ExSbNþajGakas b¤edayeRbI
ExSkabRsTab;elah³karBarkarrMxan . GñkRKb;RKgExSbNþajTaMgBIrRtUvKitKUr[)an
hµt;ct; nigseRmcdl;kic©RBmeRBogGnuvtþviFankarN_smRsbnana .
2 karkarBareRKaHfñak;cMeBaHmnusSedaysarGaMgDucsüúgeGLicRtUsþaTic
GaMgDucsüúgeGLicRtUsþaTic KWCa)atuPUtmü:agEdlekItenAelIExScmøgGKÁisnIEdlsßitenAcenøaH
ExSbNþajbBa¢Ún nigdI¬ExScmøgGKÁisnIenHenABIeRkamRbB½n§bNþajbBa¢ÚnfamBlGKÁisnI¦
enAeBlEdlvtßúTaMgenHsßitenAkEnøgmanvtþmanEdnGKÁisnI dUecñHnwgmanplsgb:Utg;Esül
ekIteLIgrvagExScmøg nigdI. mnusSNaEdlb:HBal;ExScmøgenHnwgTTYlkarRBWxøÜn b¤rgkar
qk;GKÁisnIedaymanlMhUrcrnþBIExScmøgeTAdIqøgkat;xøÜnmnusS. )atuPUtdUcKñaenHnwgekItman
EdrcMeBaHmnusSNaEdlb:HBal;ExSdI . brimaNGKÁisnIEdlrt;qøgkat;xøÜnmnusSkñúgkrNI
xagelImancMnYntictYc dUecñHvaminbgá[maneRKaHfñak;eT . k¾b:uEnþvaGaRs½yelIl½kçx½NÐ
epSg² dUcCakRmiténkarb:H ktþacitþsaRsþ nigTIkEnøg vaeFVI[mnusSmanGarmµN_famin
RsYlkñúgxøÜn b¤eFVI[PJak; .
enARbeTsCb:un eK)aneFVIkarsÞabsÞg;elImnusSEdlmanlMhUrcrnþqøgkat;xøÜnKat;eTAdI enA
eBlb:Hnwgq½RtEdlmanpÞúkbrimaNGKÁisnIdUcxagelI . enAkñúgsßanPaBEbbenHeK)anrk
339
eXIjfamnusSmankarBi)akRTaMRbsinebIkmøaMgEdnm:aej:Tic enAkm<s;1Em:RtBIdI mankRmit
mineRcInCag 3kV/m . tamkarBiesaFn_xagelI eK)anykkRmitbrimaNGKÁisnI dUc
xagelI mkerobragCabTb,BaØtþi .
)atuPUtqk;GKÁisnIEbbenHekItmanenAkñúgl½kçx½NÐkMNt;mYy dUcCaenAeBlEdlmnusSTTUrq½Rt
edIrBIeRkamRbB½n§bNþajbBa¢ÚnfamBlGKÁisnI ehIyb:HnwgEpñkeFVIBIelah³énq½Rt .
tambTb,BaØtþi kMlaMgEdnGKÁisnIEdlman minRtUvGnuvtþcMeBaHkEnøgvalERs cMkar nig
tMbn;PñMEdlmanedImeQIduH nigenARtg;pøÚvedIrtMbn;PñM nigpøÚvkat;cMkarEdlminsUvmanmnusS
qøgkat;eTAeFVIkarenAtMbn;enaH nigenAkEnøgdéTeTotEdlmanmnusSqøgkat;mþgmáal .
k¾buE: nþ eKRtUvGnuvtþn¾bTb,BaØtþi kMLaMgEdnGKÁisnIenARtg;kEnøgvalERscMkar nigenARtg;
pøÚvedIrtMbn;PñMEdlmanmnusSeRbICaTUeTA nigenAelIépÞTenøEdleRbICacMNt nigkEnøgdéTeTot
EdleRbIR)as;jwkjab; dUcKñaenH .
tamkarBicarNaRsedogKñabTb,BaØtþienHsRmab;GnuvtþkMlaMgEdnGKÁisnIelIvtßú kñúgsßanPaB
dMeNIrkarFmµtaénRbB½n§bNþajbBa¢Ún . cMeBaHRbB½n§bNþajbBa¢ÚnBIrRsbKña sßanPaB
dMeNIrkarFmµtaeKcg;niyayenAeBlEdlRbB½n§bNþajbBa¢ÚnTMagBIrenHdMeNIrkarRBmKña .
sItuNðPaBExScmøgeBldMeNIrkarmansßanPaBFmµtaRtUveKykmkeFVICaxñatKMrYstI uNðPaB.
manviFICaeRcIndUcxageRkamsRmab;bnßyGaMgDucsüúgeGLicRtUsþaTic ³
1> begáInkm<s;RbB½n§bNþajbBa¢Ún[x<s;BIdI
karbegáInkm<s;RbB½n§bNþajbBa¢Ún[kan;Etx<s;BIdIeFVI[kmøaMgEdnGKÁisnIkan;EtcuHexSay.
rUb ES38A Ca]TahrN_ karKNnaKMrUénkmøaMgEdnGKÁisnIGtibrmaenAkm<s;1Em:Rt
BIépÞdIrbs;RbB½n§bNþajbBa¢Ún enAkm<s;xus²Kña .
2> kareRbImeFüa)ayhVapÞúyKañsRmab;RbB½n§bNþajbBa¢Ún
RbsinebIeKerobcMRbB½n§bNþajbBa¢ÚnBIrtamTisbBaÄr eFVIy:agNa[hVanImYy²man
cmøas;xusKñaenaH \T§iBlénhVapÞúyKñaénRbB½n§bNþajbBa¢ÚnTaMgBIrGaclb;bM)at;Edn
GKÁisnI)an EdleFVI[fy\T§iBlénEdnGKÁisnI . rUb ES38B Ca]TahrN_
karKNnaKMrUénkmøaMgEdnGKÁisnIGtibrmaenAkm<s; 1Em:Rt BIdIEdlCa\T§iBl énRbB½n§
bNþajbBa¢ÚnfamBlGKÁisnI 500kV.
340
esoKVIbBaÄr 2 tg;süúg 500 kV
6
hVapÞúy/ muxkat;ExS 410mm2 × 4 19.2
5 19.2 13.0
esoKVIbBaÄr 2 tg;süúg 275 kV

Electric field strength (kV/m)
4 19.6 12.0
hVadUcKña/ muxkat;ExS 410mm2 × 2 20.0 12.0
3 esoKVIbBaÄr 2 tg;süúg 500 kV
6.0 ExScmøg
2 10.3
10.5
7.4
16.9
12.9 6.0
esoKVIbBaÄr 2 tg;süúg 275 kV esoKVIbBaÄr 2 tg;süúg 275 kV
1 ExScmøg TRmg;hVaRtLb; muxkat;ExS 410 mm2× 2
10 20 30 40 50
km<s;ExScmøg (m)
rUbPaB ES38A km<s;ExSbBa¢ÚnGakas nigkmøaMgEdnGKÁisnIsßitenAkm<s; 1 m
A hVa A hVa A hVa C hVa

B hVa hVa
B hVa B hVa B
C hVa C hVa C hVa A hVa
]TahrN_énkarerobcMhVaRsbKña ]TahrN_énkarerobcMhVapÞúyKñ
a
rUbPaB ES38B karerobcMhVa
341
5
Same phase
sequences
4
Electric field strength (kV/m)
3
19.2
19.2 13
19.6 12 Distance from transmission line center (m)
20.0 12 Opposite phase
2
20 sequences
Conductor used: 410mm2 × 4 Field strength distribution 1 m above ground surface
30 20 10 10 20 30
Figure ES38C Electric field strength distribution beneath 500 kV transmission line
3> kartemøIgbrikçamanRsTab;elah³
brikçamanRsTab;elah³karBar rYmmanExSkarBar rbgkarBar kardaMedImeQI
nigbegÁalelah³ . RbsiT§PaBénbrikçanImYy²GaRs½yelITRmg; nigTIkEnøgrbs;va
pÞal;eFobeTAnwgRbB½n§bNþajbBa¢Ún nig\T§iBlGaMgDucsüúgelImnusS . b:uEnþCaTUeTA
RsTab;karBarkan;EtRkas; enaHRbsiT§PaBk¾kan;Etx<s;Edr . KYrkt;sMKal;fa
kmøaMgEdnGKÁisnI nigktþaBak;B½n§epSgeTot ExSkarBarminRtwmEttemøIgenAeRkambNþaj
enHpÞal;eLIy EtRtUvEttemøIgbEnßmCaRcInEm:RteTotBIRbB½n§bNþajbBa¢Ún.
4> karerobcMExSdIvtßúEdlrg\T§iBlEdnGKÁisnI
karerobcMenH tRmUv[erobcMdak;ExSdIdMbUlpÞHRbk;sgásI nigrbgEdkEdlenACitRbB½n§
bNþajbBa¢ÚnenH. karP¢ab;ExSdIGnuvtþsRmab;;elahFatu manRbsiT§PaB Rbsin
ebIersIusþg;enATIenaHmankRmitRbEhl 500GUm . karerobcMExSdIepSgeToteRkABI
kRmiter:sIusþg;dIRtUvyktamkarerobcMExSdIfñak; X . enAeBlviFankarEbbenH
RtUv)aneKGnuvtþeKRtUvKitdl;ktþaEdlman\T§iBledayGaMgDucsüúgmanelImnusS
342
ERbRbYltamlkçxNÐepSg² nigRtUvBicarNadl;brisßanenATItaMgenaH edIm,I[
viFankarEdlykmkGnuvtþ smRsbnwgl½kçx½NÐCak;Esþg .
vtßúcmøg
GaKar ExSdIfñak;{K}
rUbPaB ES38D ExSdIsRmab;vtßúcmøg
3 karkarBarkarrMxandl;TUrKmnaKmn_edaysar\T§iBlGaMgDucsüúgeGLicRtUm:aej:Tic
énExSkabEdlmancrnþGKÁisnIexSay
karrMxandl;TUrKmnaKmn_edaysar\T§iBlGaMgDucsüúgeGLicRtUm:aej:TicekItmanenARKb;kEnøg Edl
RbB½n§bNþajbBa¢ÚnEdleRbIExSNWtCaRbB½n§ExSdI . karP¢ab;ExSdIénExSNWtTb;Tl;nwgkarekItman
tg;süúgxusRbRktI nigmanGtßRbeyaCn_epSgeTot elItg;süúgenHenAeBlmankarxUcExSdIekIteLIg
enAcMnucenH RtUv)ankat;pþac;ecj edIm,IrkSaRbB½n§bNþajbBa¢Ún[manesßrPaB .
b:uEnþRbB½n§enHk¾mancMnucexSayEdleRKaHfñak;ekIteLIgedaysarcrnþqøgeTAdIEdl\T§iBlGaMgDucsüúg
eGLicRtUm:aej:TicbegáIt)antg;süúgGaMgDucsüúgenACMuvijExSkabEdlmancrnþGKÁisnIexSay .
tg;süúgenHGacbgáCaeRKaHfñak;dl;mnusS stV brikça nigbegáIt[mankarrMxandl;TUrKmnaKmn_ .
viFIlb;bM)at;eRKaHfñak;¼karrMxan mandUcxageRkam ³
1-edayeRbIDIsugT½rmanel,Ónkat;pþac;rh½s
2-edaybegáIntémøer:sIusþrcMnucNWt edIm,IrkSacrnþRCabeTAdI[enAkRmitGb,brmacaM)ac;
sRmab;PaBrYsénrWeLkarBar b¤eRbIviFIsg;vij PC
343
3-begáIncenøaHrvagRbB½n§bNþajbBa¢ÚnTaMgBIr
4-temøIgExSeRsamkarBarenAelIRbB½n§bNþajbBa¢Ún nigExSkabEdlmancrnþGKÁisnIexSay
5-temøIg]bkrN_EktRmUv mandUcCa drainage coil or neutralizing coil eTAExSkab
EdlmancrnþGKÁisnIexSay
6-temøIg]bkrN_suvtßiPaBsmRsbdUcCa ]bkrN_karBarrnÞH eTA;ExSkab Edlman
crnþGKÁisnIexSay
7- edayeRbIExSeRsamkarBareGLicRtUm:aej:TicsRmab;ExSkabEdlmancrnþGKÁisnIexSay
8-CMnYsExSkabEdlmancrnþGKÁisnIexSay edayeRbIExSkabGubTIc
9-bþÚrExSkabEdlmancrnþGKÁisnIexSayBIGakas mkenAeRkamdIvij
10-bþÚrRbePT¬TRmg;¦TUrKmnaKmn_ dUcCa TUrKmnaKmn_edaybþÚreRhVkg;naM b¤KµanExS .
kñúgkrNIxøHkartemøIgbrikçakarBarsMrab;ExSkabEdlmancrnþGKÁisnIexSay nigbegáInRbsiT§PaB
esdækic© nigCaviFIkarBarkarrMxand¾manRbsiT§PaB. viFIsaRsþxagelIRtUvsikSa[)anl¥itl¥n;
edIm,IrkviFId¾RbesIbMputsRmab;karGnuvtþ .
4 karkarBareRKaHfñak;cMeBaHmnusSedaysar\T§iBlGaMgDucsüúg eGLicRtUm:aej:Tic qøgkat;

tamExSkabEdlmancrnþGKÁisnIexSay
eRKaHfñak;edaysar\T§iBlGaMgDucsüúgeGLicRtUm:aej:Tic minmankMNt;eT sRmab;karrMxandl;
vis½yTUrKmnaKmn_enaH. kñúgkMLúgeBlmankMhUcRbB½n§bNþajbBa¢ÚnfamBlGKÁisnI\T§iBlenHbegáIt)an
Catg;süúgGaMgDúcsüúgenAkñúgExSkab EdlmancrnþGKÁisnIexSay ehIytg;süúgenHeFVI[qk;GKÁisnIdl;
mnusS EdleFVIkarCamYyva b¤niyayTUrs½BÞ . RtUvcat;viFankarTl;nwgkarqk;GKÁisnIenHkMu[vaekItman.
344
1> CaTUeTA
]bkrN_cab;crnþRcaltemøIgenAkñúgesoKVIGKÁisnIenAsßanIy enAExSbNþajEckcaytg;süúgmFüm
nigenATItaMgGñkeRbIR)as;tg;süúgx<s; nigmFüm RtUv)antemøIgdUcmanbgðajxageRkam³
]bkrN_cab;crnþRcal KWCa]bkrN_sRmab;karBarbrikçaGKÁisnIedaykat;bnßytg;süúgelIs
tamry³karRcalecal enAeBlEdltémøtg;süúgelIsEdlbNþalBIrnÞ³ nigkarEbgEckcrnþelIs .
¬eyag¦
niymn½yrbs;]bkrN_cab;crnþRcal (IEC60099-1)
Ca]bkrN_GKÁisnIEdlerobcMeLIgedIm,IkarBarbrikçarGKÁisnItg;süúgx<s; nigkMNt;ry³eBl
nigGMPøITUtEdlrIksayjwkjab;rbs;crnþ . l½kçx½NÐ{]bkrN_cab;crnþRcal} rYmman
cenøaHEpñkxageRkANamYyEdlmansar³RbeyaCn_dl;dMeNIrkal¥rbs;brikçarGKÁIsnIdUcCa
kartemøIgsMrab;kareFV;Iesvakmµ edaymin)anykcitþTukdak;dl;kartemøIgva EdlCaEpñkmYy
én]bkrN¾GKÁisnIrYmpSM .
1>1 rcnasm<½n§rbs;]bkrN_cab;crnþRcal
Figure ES39A Structure of a surge arrester (Example)
1>2 lkçN³rbs;]bkrN_cab;crnþRcal
]bkrN_cab;crnþRcalmanlkçN³er:sIusþg;minEmnCabnÞat;Rtg;dUcmanbgöajkñúgrUb ES39B .
sRmab;tg;süúgdMeNIrkarFmµta ]bkrN_cab;crnþRcalmaner:sIusþg;x<s;bMput ehIycrnþdMeNIrkar
345
minGacqøgkat;]bkrN_cab;crnþRcaleLIy . pÞúymkvij sRmab;tg;süúgEdlxusBIRbRktI
dUcCaenAeBlebIkcrnþ b¤rnÞ³)aj; eBlenaH]bkrN_cab;crnþRcalmaner:sIusþg;tUc ehIycrnþGacqøg
kat;y:aggaytam]bkrN_cab;crnþRcal nigtamryHExSdI .
1.2
Extremely low resistance

1
log voltage(pu V 10)
0.8
0.6
0.4
0.2
0
0.00001 0.0001 0.001 0.01 0.1 1 10 100 1000 10000 100000 1000000
log current(am peres)

Figure ES39B Non-linear voltage versus current characteristic of surge arresters
Intrusion voltage
Impulse spark-over voltage

Voltage-
Current Limit voltage
Discharge Follow
current Current
Time
rUbPaB ES39C eKalkarN_Gnuvtþrbs;]bkrN_cab;crnþRcal
346
GaMBultg;süúgelIs
Catg;süúgxagcugEdlmantémøx<s; nigekItPøam²y:agrh½s muneBltg;süúgenHFøak;cuH edaysar
EtkarepÞrcrnþenAkñúgtMNak;kalTI1rbs;]brN_cab;crnþRcaledaysarGaMBultg;süúgqøgeTAcugmçageTot
eTAdI.
karkMNt;tg;süúg
CaGaMBultg;süúgEdlqøgkat;cugTaMgBIr enAeBlEdlmantg;süúgelIskMNt; kñúgkMT,úgeBl
epÞrcrnþtam]bkrN_cab;crnþRcal .
karepÞrcrnþ
CaGaMBulcrnþ Edlqøgkat;]bkeN_cab;crnþRcalkñúgkMT,úgeBlepÞrcrnþ .
lMhUcrnþ
CacrnþEdlqøgkat;]bkeN_cab;crnþRcal Edl)anmkBIesoKVIeRhkg;famBlpÁt;pÁg; Rbkbeday
eCaKC½y bnÞab;BI)atuPUtepÞrRtUv)anbBa©b; .
1>3 karRbtibtþi]bkrN_cab;crnþRcal
]bkrN_cab;crnþRcalEdlRtUvtemøIgkñúgsßanIy_ ExSbNþajEckcaytg;süúgmFüm nigTItaMg
GñkeRbIR)as; eRbItg;süúgx<s; nigtg;süúgmFüm RtUvGnuvtþtambBaØtþi IEC 60099 nigsþg;da IEC
Rbhak;RbEhldéTeTot .
 IEC 60099-1 (1999-12) [Surge arresters – Part 1: Non-linear resistor type gapped surge arrester
for a.c. Systems],
 IEC 60099-3 (1990-09) [Surge arresters – Part 3: Artificial pollution testing of surge arresters],
 IEC 60099-4 (1998-08) [Surge arresters – Part 4: metal oxide surge arresters without gaps for
a.c. systems],
 IEC 60099-5 (2000-03) [Surge arresters– Part 5: Selection and application recommendations]
and related IEC standards.
k> kMrittg;süúg
kMrittg;süúgrbs;]bkrN_cab;crnþRcalRutUveRCIserIsedayEp¥kelIeKalkarN_³ ]bkrN__cab;
crnþRcalGacGnuvtþenAkñúglT§PaBdMeNIrkar kñúglkçx½NÐtg;süúgelIsCabeNþaHGasnñEdlekIt
manenAkñúgsßanIy_ kñúgTItaMgGñkeRbIR)as; eRbItg;süúgx<s; nigmFüm edaysarEtkMhUcqøgcrnþtamExSdI
nigbnÞúkelIs .
347
x> crnþepÞrbnÞúkNUmINal;
crnþepÞrbnÞúkNUmINal; RtUveRCIserIsedayGnuelamtamcrnþrnÞH EdlepÞetam]bkrN_cab;crnþ
edIm,IkarBar]bkrN_ . kñúgviFanTUeTA témøxageRkamCatémøsmRsb edayEp¥kelIcrnþepÞrrbs;rnÞH
Edl)anrMBwgTuk .
¬RbEhl 1kV eTA 245 kV¦³ 5 kA rW 10 kA

enAkñúgRbB½n§ IEC600711 enAeBlEdlcMgayExSrvag]bkrN_cab;crnþRcalCit ¬eRkam
5km)/ ]bkrN_cab;crnþRcalrbs;Rtg;sVÚEckcay EdlmancrnþepÞrbnÞúkNUmINal; 5kA RtUv)an
bBa¢ak;faRKb;RKan; nigGacTukcitþ)an .
enAkñúgRbB½n§Edlmantg;süúgx<s;bMput 72.5kV nigTabCag]bkrN_cab;crnþRcalEdlmancrnþ
5kV, GacRKb;RKan;sRmab;tMbn;Edlmandg;suIetrnÞH)aj;BIBBkmkdITab ehIyRbsiT§iPaBrgVg;karBatam
ExSGakasCamYybegÁalEdlmanGaMebdg;Tab . ]bkrN_cab;crnþRcalEdlmancrnþ 10kA Gac

RbesIrCagsRmab;kartMeT,Ig¬cM)ac;RtUvkarBar[)anl¥RbesIr¦ . CaBiessenAtMbn;EdlmanrnÞH)aj;BI
BBkmkdI nigrvagBBk nigBBkeRcIn b¤maner:sIusþg;FM .
kñúgRbB½n§tg;süúgxðs; 72.5 kV ]bkrN_cab;crnþRcalCamYycrnþedIm 10kA RtUv)antRmUv
eGaytemøIg.
2> kartMeT,Ig]bkrN_cab;crnþRcal
kñúgmaRta53>1énlkçx½NÐTUeTAénsþg;dabec©keTsGKÁIsnIkñúgRBHraCaNacRkkm<úCa caM)ac;RtUv
tMeT,Ig]bkrN_cab;crnþRcalkñúgTItaMgxageRkamedIm,ITb;sáat;eRKaHfñak;dl;ExSbNþajEckcay .
- TItaMgtemøIgrbs;]bkrN_biTebIk
- TItaMgtemøIgrbs;]bkrN_EktMrUvtg;süúg ka):asIuT½rGnuPaB nigbrikçaRbhak;RbEhldéTeTot
rW]bkrN_ . ¬enAkñúgEpñkTaMgBIrRbsinebIbrikçaCaes‘rI¦ .
348
]TahrN_³ ]bkrN_cab;crnþRcal
]bkrN_kat;pþac;
eragcRkGKÁisnI Rtg;sVÚem ]bkrN_begáIt

b¤GnusßanIy er:Gak;TIv
¬ka)a:suIT½r¦
ExSGakasecjBIeragcRk cMnuctP¢ab;ExSGakastg; kEnøgtemøIg]bkrN_ kEnøgtemøIg]bkrN_tRmUv

GKÁisnI Gnusaß nIy b¤TI süúgmFümeTARtg;sVÚem EbgEck tg;süúg ka)a:suIT½r
kEnøgRbhak;RbEhl b¤brikçarRbhak;RbEhl
déTeTot
rUbPaB ES39D TIkEnøgtemøIg]bkrN_cab;crnþRcal
349
CMBUk 4
meFüa)ayEckcaytg;süúgmFüm
nigtg;süúgTab
350
edIm,Isagsg;begÁalRT[RsbeTAnwgmaRta 49 énl½kçx½NÐTUeTAénsþg;dabec©keTsGKÁisnI
kñúgRBHraCaNacRkkm<úCa nigmaRta 40 énl½kçx½NÐlm¥iténsþg;dabec©keTsGKÁisnIkñúgRBHraCaNa
cRkkm<úCa CakarcaM)ac;RtÚvEtyl;nUvGtßn½yénkarBiBN’naelIvisalPaBrbs;va . bu:EnþrUbmnþEdl
)aneRbIR)as;enAkñúgGtßbTBnül; mankarBi)akyl;bnþic dUecñH]TahrN_énviFIKNnatamrUbmnþ)anRtÚv
eKerobcM edIm,IeFVI[mankaryl;dwgbEnßmeTot nigbgáadl;begÁalRT EdlmanPaBxVHcenøaH .
1 bnÞúkelIExSbNþajEckcayGakas
1>1 RbePTbnÞúk
¬1¦ bnÞúkbBaÄr
③
①: Tm¶n;rbs;begÁalRT ②
② : Tm¶n;rbs;ExScmøg ExSdIGakas nigeRKOgbnÞab;bnSM ③
③ : Tm¶n;rbs;eRKOgGuIsULg; édExVg nigbrikçaEckcay

① ④
④ : smasPaKbBaÄrénkmøaMgGtibrmarbs;ExSTb;begÁalRT
bnÞúkepþkTTwg
¬2¦ bnÞúkepþkTTwg Tisxül;
① : sm<aFxül;eTAelIbegÁalRT ①＋②＋③+④ ③ ①
② ④’
② : sm<aFxül;eTAelIExScmøg nigExSdIGakas
③ : sm<aFxül;eTAelIeRKOgGuIsULg; édExVg
④
nigbrikçaEckcay ①＋②＋③＋④－④’
kmøaMgrbs;ExScmøg
④,④‟ : smasPaKepþkTTwgénkmøaMgGtibrmarbs;ExS bnÞúkepþkbeNþay
cmøg ExSdIGakas nigExSTb; Tisxül;
① ②’
②
¬3¦ bnÞúkepþkbeNþay ②”
①＋②＋②’－②”
①: sm<aFxül;eTAelIbegÁalRT
②,②‟,②” : smasPaKepþkbeNþayénkmøaMgGtibrmarbs;ExS kmøaMgrbs;ExScmøg
cmøgExSdIGakas nigExSTb;
351
Rtg;sVÚrm:aT½r ExSTb;
kmøaMgTajrbs;ExS
cmøg
nigExSdIGakas
1>2 kmøaMgTajrbs;ExScmøg
kmøaMgrbs;ExScmøgEckcayGakasEdlRTedaybegÁalRT RtÚvKNnatamrUbmnþdUcxag
eRkam ³
¬1¦ karKNnakNþk;ExS
kNþk;sRmab;ExSbNþajEckcayGakasEdlRTedaybegÁalRTRtÚvKNnatamrUbmnþ
xageRkam³
kNþk;ExSbegÁalRT sMrab;cMNucRTmankm<s;dUcKña
T D¬m¦
WgS2
D= [JjÚtun]............¬Bnül; 40-1) T
8T
Edl S ¬m¦
D : kNþké; nExScmøgGakas ¬Em:Rt¦
W : Tm¶n;rbs;ExScmøgkñúgmYyÉktaRbEvg ¬KILÚRkam¼Em:Rt¦
g : kmøaMgTMnajEpndI ¬Em:Rt¼s ¦
2
S : RbEvgéncenøaHbegÁalBIr ¬EMm:Rt¦
T : kmøaMgkñgú TisedAepþkTTwgenAcMNucTabbMptu énExScmøgGakas ¬jÚtun¦
352
]TahrN_ ³ karKNnasmaPaBénkmøaMgGtibrmaepþkbeNþayrbs;ExScmøg
¬l½kçx½NÐ¦
2
 ExStg;süúgmFüm ¬AAC 150mm x 3 ExS/ Tm¶n; W = 0/434 KILÚRkam¼Em:Rt¦
cenøaHrvagbegÁalmYyeTAbegÁalmYy ¬S = 49 Em:Rt/ S = 56 Em:Rt¦
1 2
kNþk;sRmab;ExStg;süúgmFüm ¬D = 0/7 Em:Rt/ D = 0/8 Em:Rt¦

1 2
smaPaBénkmøaMgGtibrmaepþkbeNþayrbs;ExScmøg ¬P¦ RtÚvKNna ³
ExStg;süúgmFüm AAC 150mm2 x 3 ExS

S1 = 49 m
D1 = 0/7 m S2 = 56 m
30
D2 = 0/8 m
T1
P
30
T2
WgS12 2
T1 = x 3= 0/434 x 9/8 x 49
x 3 = 5/471 ¬jÚtUn¦
8D1 8 x 0/7
WgS22 2
T1 = x 3= 0/434 x 9/8 x 56
x 3 = 6/252 ¬jÚtUn¦
8D2 8 x 0/7
 P = T2 – T1 cos 300 = 6/252 - 3 5/471 = 1/514 ¬jÚtUn¦

2
¬2¦ kNþk;ExSsRmab;km<s;éncMNucbegÁalRTxusKña D
h
D0
2
 h  Em:Rt]............¬Bnül;
D 0  D1   [ 40-2)
 4D  n m
353
Edl
Do : kNþk;ExSéncMNucTabbMputéncenøaHBIcMNuc
begÁalTRmTabbMput ¬Em:Rt¦
D : kNþk;ep¥ógenAcMNuckNþaléncenøaHbegÁal ¬Em:Rt¦
 WgS 2 S 2 T 
 D   , C [m] 
 8T 8C Wg 
h : RbEvgxusKñarvagkm<s;éncMNucTaMgBIrrbs;begÁalTRmEdlRtÚvRTExS
S Ch
m 
2 S
S Ch
n 
2 S
karKNnaCa]TahrN_
¬l½kçx½NÐ¦
2
 ExStg;süúgmFüm ¬AAC 150mm x 3 ExS/ Tm¶n; W = 0/434 KILÚRkam¼Em:Rt¦
cenøaHrvagbegÁalmYyeTAbegÁalmYy ¬S = 56 Em:Rt¦
kNþk;sRmab;ExStg;süúgmFüm ¬D = 0/7 Em:Rt/ D = 0/8 Em:Rt¦
1 2
kmøaMgTajkñúgTisedAepþkbeNþayenAcMNucTabbMputénExScmøgGakas T = 5000
¬jÚtun¦
5> RbEvgxusKñarvagkm<s;éncMNucTaMgBIrrbs;begÁalRTEdlRtÚvRTExS h = 1 ¬Em:Rt¦
ExStg;süúgmFüm ¬AAC 150mm2 x 3 ExS

WgS2 0/434 x 9/8 x 562 T = 5000 jÚtun
D= = = 0/417 m
8T 8 x 0/7 1m
2
 h 
2
1 D
D 0  D1   = 0/417 x 1 - = 0/067 m D0
 4D  4 x 0/417
n m
56m
S Ch S Th
56 5000 x 1
m= + = + = + = 49 m
2 S 2 WgS
2 0/434 x 9/8 x 56
S Ch S Th
56 5000 x 1
n= - = - = - = 7 m
2 S 2 WgS
2 0/434 x 9/8 x 56
354
2> viFIeFVIetsþbegÁalRTebtugmansrésEdk nigbegÁalRTEdk
2>1 kareFVIetsþPaBrwgmaM
¬1¦ begÁalRTebtugmansrésEdk RtÚvKab[Cab;edayviFIdUckñúgrUbPaBxageRkam .
¬2¦ kmøaMgsmmUleTAnwgPaBmaMénbnÞúkEdl)anrcnaeLIg RtÚveKrujenARtg;cMNucbnÞúk
EkgnwgbegÁalRT manel,ÓndUcKña . sRmab;viFIdUcKñaenH karGnuvtþRtÚv
eFVIkñúgTisedApÞúyKñapgEdr .
¬3¦ bnÞab;mk eKRtÚveFVIkarRtÜtBinitübegÁalRT RbsinebIKµankareRbHRsaMmanTMhM
elIsBI 0/25 mm .
2>2 kareFVIetsþ[)ak; ¬GnuvtþbnþBIkareFVIetsþPaBrwgmaM¦

¬1¦ kmøaMgRtÚveKrujrhUtdl;)ak;begÁalRT.
¬2¦ bnÞab;mk kmøaMgGtibrmaEdlvas;edaynaLikaRtÚveKeFVIkarRtÜtBinitü[esµInwg2dg
énkmøaMgEdleKkMNt;cg;)an b¤elIs .
¬3¦ eKRtÚvcab;begÁalRT[)anENnBIKl;begÁalrhUtdl;RbEvg 1¼6 énRbEvgbegÁal
srub .
¬4¦ RbsinebI kareFVIetsþPaBmaMbegÁalRTedayeRbIkmøaMg2dgénkmøaMgEdleKkMNt;
cg;)an ehIybegÁalRTmin)ak; kareFVIetsþenHGacbBa©b; .
¬5¦ rUbPaB ES40 A bgðajnUv]TahrN_én]brN_eFVIetsþPaB)ak; .
cMNucbnÞúk
H dm
X
10 sm
kmøaMg
rUbPaB ES40 A ]TahrN_énbrikçaeFVIetsþbM)ak;begÁalRT
355
tarag ES40 A kareFVIetsþ[)ak; ¬Ékta Em:Rt¦
RbEvgbegÁalRT karkMNt;CeRmA RtÚvkb;kñúgdI “X” H
7 1/2 5/55
8 1/4 6/35
9 1/5 7/25
10 1/7 8/05
11 1/9 8/85
12 2/0 9/75
13 2/2 10/55
14 2/4 11/35
15 2/5 12/25
16 2/5 13/25
3> emKuNsuvtßiPaB ¬begÁalRT¦

3>1 begÁalEdk nigbegÁalebtugmansésEdk
begÁalEdk nigbegÁalebtugmansésEdkEdleRbIR)as;sRmab;ExSbNþajGakas RtÚvEt
mankmøaMgRKb;RKan;edIm,ITb;nwgbnÞúk dUcxageRkam ³
tarag ES40 B bnÞúkénbegÁalEdk nigbegÁalebtugmansésEdk
tg;süúg tg;süúgTab tg;süúgmFüm

RbePTbegÁalRT
begÁalEdk sm<aFxül; bnÞúksnµt;Fmµta
begÁalebtugmansésEdk sm<aFxül; bnÞúksnµt;Fmµta
3>2 begÁaleQI EdleRbIR)as;sRmab;ExSbNþajGakasRtÚvEtmanemKuNsuvtßiPaBedIm,I

Tb;nwgsm<aFxül; ehIyKYrmantémøminTabCagtémøkñúgtaragxageRkam ³
tarag ES40 C emKuNsuvtßiPaBsRmab;begÁaleQI

356
tg;süúg emKuNsuvtßiPaB
tg;süúgTab 1.2
tg;süúgmFüm 1.5
BImYyqñaMeTAmYyqñaM PaBrwgmaMénbegÁaleQI)ancuHfyCalMdab;edaysarPaBBukpuy . dUecñH

vamansar³sMxan;Nas;edIm,IkMNt;témøemKuNsuvtßiPaBmYyFMCagsRmab;begÁaleQIEdlRtÚvsagsg;fµI .
vak¾mansar³sMxan;pgEdr edIm,IRtÜtBinitül½kçx½NÐénkareRbIR)as;tameBlevlakMNt; nig
karEfTaMbegÁaleQI rYmmankardak;fñaMKImIedIm,IBnüakarBukpuy . CakarBit TnÞwmnwgenH TamTar[kMNt;
emKuNsuvtßiPaBedIm,IRtÜtBinitü edayvas;Ggát;p©itbegÁal nigeFVIkarKNna .
4 el,Ónxül;
4>1 karKNnakmøaMgxül;
edIm,IvaytémøkmøaMgrbs;begÁalRT kmøaMgxül;bk;nwgRtÚv)aneKsnµt; . CaTUeTAkmøaMgxül;
bk; RtÚveKsnµt;edayeFVIkarKNnaEp¥kelIkarBiesaFn_ .
rUbmnþxageRkam KWCa]TahrN_mYyKNnakmøaMgxül;bk; eTAelIépÞepþkTTwg 1m2 .
1 2
P=C V
2 ¬):asÁal¦; >>>>>>>>>>>>¬Bnül; 40-3¦
P : bnÞúkkmøaMgxül;bk;
C : emKuNer:suIsþg; dUcmankñúgtarag ES 40 D/
¬témøRtÚvkMNt;eTAtambTBiesaFn_enAkñúgRbeTsCbu:n¦
 : dg;suIetxül; ¬KILÚRkam¼m3¦
V : el,Ónxül; ¬Em:Rt¼vinaTI¦
357
tarag ES 40 D emKuNer:suIsþg;
EpñkEdlTTYlrgnUvkmøaMgxül;bk; emKuNer:suIsþg;
0/8 ¬V＞30m¼vinaTI¦¬ 1¦
*
begÁaleQI begÁalragdUcssr 1/2 ¬V≤30m¼vinaTI¦
0/8 ¬V＞30m¼vinaTI¦
begÁalragdUcssr 1/2 ¬V≤30m¼vinaTI¦
begÁalRT begÁalEdk
begÁalragbI b¤bYnRCug 1/9
begÁalbYnRCug manTIbEdk 1/5
déTeTot 2/4
0/8 ¬V＞30m¼vinaTI¦
begÁalebtugman begÁalragdUcssr
1/2 ¬V≤30m¼vinaTI¦
sésEdk
begÁalbYnRCug 2/0
ExScmøgGKÁisnI nigExScmøgdéTeTot 1/05
eRKÓgGuIsULg; 1/4
RtÚveRbIR)as;CasmÖar³eTal 1/6
EdkExVgsRmab;ExStg;süúgmFüm
déTeTot 2/2
¬*1¦
témøemKuNer:suIsþg; pøas;bþÚredaysarcMnYnér:NU Edlb:HBal;elIynþkarlMhUr . eyag
eTAtamsþg;da IEC 60826 .
el,Ónxül; )anpþl;nUv\T§iBld¾mansar³sMxan;edIm,IkMNt;kmøaMgxül;bk; BIeRBaHvaman
\T§iBlelIkmøaMgxül;edaysarépÞrbs;va .
dg;suIetxül;
 = o 1-0/378 x
P ¬KILÚRkam¼m3¦
H
1/293 P
o =
1 + 0/00367 x T
x
760
¬KILÚRkam¼m3¦
7/5T
760 x
m
6/11 10
237/3
T+
P =
1/013 100
x x
(Torr) >>>>>>¬Bnül; 40-4¦
358
¬Ep¥kelIrUbmnþ Tetens ¦
 : dg;suIetxül;CamYycMhay ¬KILÚRkam¼m3¦
o : dg;suIetxül;ekþA ¬KILÚRkam¼m3¦
T : sItuNðPaBmFüm ¬GgSaes¦
H : sm<aFxül; ¬Torr¦/ ¬1 Torr = 1/33322 h):asáal;¦
p : sm<aFcMhay ¬Torr¦
m : sMeNImCamFüm ¬PaKry¦
enARbeTskm<úCa karkMNt;el,Ónxül;KWCabBaðalM)ak BIeRBaHBt’mansþIBIel,Ónxül;Edl

manrhUtmkdl;eBlenHmankarxVHxat . RbsinebIeyIgeRbIel,Ónxül; Edlmantémøx<s;CagmkeFVIkar
KNnael,Ónxül;bk;vamanlkçN³l¥sRmab;bBaðasuvtßiPaB bu:EnþvamankarcMNayx<s; nigRbsinebI
eyIgeRbIel,Ónxül;EdlmantémøTabCagmkeFVIkarKNnael,Ónxül;bk; vamanlkçN³minl¥sRmab;bBaða
suvtßiPaB bu:EnþvamankarcMNayTab .
eyagtamÉksarBnül;énmaRta27 manEtTItaMgBIrbu:eNÑaH EdleK)ankt;RtaTinñn½yel,Ón
xül;bk;KW eBaFicintug nigesomrab . lT§plénkarviPaKsßitiénkarGegátelITinñn½yel,Ónxül;bk;
manbgðajkñúgtarag ES40 E.
tarag ES40 E lT§plénkarviPaKsßitiénkarGegátelITinñn½yel,Ónxül;bk; ¬eBaFicintug nig
esomrab¦
briyay el,Ónxül;bk;GtibrmaRbcaMqñaMkñgry³eBl 10naTI

TItaMgGegát ¬ry³eBlCuMvij 50qñaM¦
eBaFicintug 21/36 ¬Em:Rt¼1vinaTI¦
esomrab 31/86 ¬Em:Rt¼1vinaTI¦
dUecñHel,Ónxül;bk; 32 Em:Rt¼1vinaTI RtÚveKGnum½tCael,Ónxül;bk; “V” . bu:Enþkñúg

tMbn;eBaFicintug vanwgbNþal[karcMNayelIs elIkarvinieyaKExSbNþajEckcay . edIm,Iecos
vagkarcMNayTuneRcIn GackMNt;el,Ónxül;bk;TabCagGtibrmaenAkñúgtMbn; . enAeBlmanTinñn½y
GegátRKb;RKan; nig)ankat;RtabEnßm nig)aneFVIkarviPaK . Ca]TahrN_ 25 Em:Rt¼1vinaTI Gac
Gnuvtþ)anenAtMbn;PñMeBj edayeyagelITinñn½yel,Ónxül;bk;enAeBaFicintug .
359
sm<aFxül;Edl)anKNnatamrUbmnþxagelI manbgðajkñúgtarag ES40 F . lT§pl
TaMgenaHRtÚveKKitTukbRmug 10PaKry BIeRBaHmanTinñn½yel,Ónxül;mYycMnYntUc nigtémø 32 Em:Rt¼
1vinaTIminGaceCOTukcitþ)anTaMgRsúgeT .
tarag ES40 F sm<aFxül;
sm<aFxül;eTAelIépÞepþkTTwg 1m2
EpñkEdlTTYlrgsm<aFxül;
¬):asáal;¦
begÁaleQI begÁalragdUcssr 520
begÁalragdUcssr 520
begÁalragbI b¤bYnRCug 1/220
begÁalEdk
begÁalRT begÁalbYnRCug manTIbEdk 970
déTeTot 1/540
begÁalebtugman begÁalragdUcssr 520
srésEdk begÁalbYnRCug 1/290
ExScmøgGKÁisnI nigExScmøgdéTeTot 680
eRKÓgGuIsULg; 900
RtÚveRbIR)as;CasmÖar³eTal 1/030
EdkExVgsRmab;ExStg;süúgmFüm
déTeTot 1/410
* témøenH KWRtÚvtemøIg[Kt;
l½kçx½NÐ ³
el,Ónxül;bk; 32 Em:Rt¼1vinaTI
dg;suIetxül; 1/137 KILÚRkam¼m3 ¬28 GgSaes/ 1/013 x105 ):asáal;¦
sItuNðPaBmFüm 28 GgSaes
sMeNImmFüm 80 PaKry
enAeBlKµanTinñn½ysþIBIel,Ónxül;bk;rUbmnþxageRkamGacGnuvtþsRmab;eFVIkarKNnasm<aF
xül;eTAelIépÞcMeNalbBaÄr 1m2 enAelIdIEdlman]bsKÁtictYcénkm<s;TabdUcCa rbg edImeQI
nigGKar BIeRBaHel,Ónxül;bk;fycuHenAkñúgkRmitkm<s;TabCitdI Edlman]bsKÁtictYc . ¬eyag
IEC60826¦ .
360
1 
P  C  K R V 2 
2
[ ):asáal; ]>>>>>>>¬Bnül; 40-5¦
2 
Edl ³
C : emKuNer:suIsþg;
o : dg;suIetxül; ¬KILÚRkam¼m3¦
V : el,Ónxül;bk; ¬32Em:Rt¼m3¦
KR : emKuN ¬=0/85¦
4>2 karKNnakmøaMgTb;énbegÁalRTebtugmansrésEdk nigbegÁalRTEdk

kmøaMgTb;nwgbnÞúkxül;bk;EdlEkgnwgExSbNþajénbegÁalRTebtugmansrésEdk nigbegÁal
RTEdk RtÚvKNnadUcxageRkam ³
¬1¦ sm<aFxül;bk;sRmab;begÁalRT
sm<aFxül;bk;sRmab;begÁalRT RtÚvKNnaedaykarrYmbBa©ÚlKñaénbnÞúkxül;bk;énépÞtUc² .
bnÞúkxül;bk;énépÞtUc² manbgðajkñúgrUbmnþxageRkam ³
dWL  K 1 D( x)dx D1
  D  D1  
 K 1 D 0   0  xdx
  H  
2
k1 : sm<aFxül;bk;kñúg1m énépÞcMeNalbBaÄr H
begÁalTRm ¬jÚtun¼1m2¦
D1 : Ggát;pit© cugxagelI b¤RbEvgGgát;p©iténbegÁalTRm ¬m¦
D0 : Ggát;pit© enAcMNucCab;dI b¤RbEvgTTwgén
begÁalTRm ¬m¦ dWL
D (x) : Ggát;pit© b¤RbEvgGgát;pit© éncMNuckm<s; :x : D(x)

x
D0
dUecñH clnaCakMeNagedaysarbnÞúkxül;bk;sRmab;begÁalRTmYy pøas;bþÚreTARtg;cMNuc

kMBUlénbegÁalRT ¬Mp¦ RtÚvKNnatamrUbmnþxageRkam ³
361
H

H

D0 - D1
Mp = x . dWL = K1 D0 - x x dx
0 H
0
K1 (2D1 + D0) H2
= >>>>>>>¬Bnül; 40-6¦
6
H : km<s;begÁalTRmEpñkxagelIdI ¬m¦
¬2¦ sm<aFxül;bk;sRmab;ExScmøg
srubclnaCakMeNagedaysarbnÞúkxül;bk;sRmab;ExScmøgnImYy² ¬Mw¦ RtÚvKNna

tamrUbmnþxageRkam ³
d h
Mw  K 2 S dh  >>>>>¬Bnül; 40-7¦
k2 : sm<aFxül;bk;elIépÞ1m2 énExScMeNalbBaÄrExS
cmøg ¬jÚtun¼1m2¦
S : Bak;kNþaléncm¶aycenøaHrvagbegÁalTaMgBIr ¬m¦
d : Ggát;pit© énExScmøg ¬m¦
h : km<s;éncMNucRTénExScmøg ¬m¦
enAeBlEdleKGacKitKUrbnÞúkxül;bk;)ansRmab;EtbegÁalRT nigExScmøgbu:eNÑaH dUecñH

begÁalTRmRtÚvEtmankmøaMgRKb;RKan;; edIm,ITb;nwgclnaCakMeNagsrub KuNnwgemKuNsuvtßiPaB .
362
H  d m P  f Mp  Mw 
H  d m P  K 2D1  D0 H 2  K S dh  >>>>>¬Bnül; 40-8¦
f
1
6
2 
P : bnÞúkbMEbkénbegÁalTRm ¬bnÞúksþg;daEdl)anrcnaeLIg x 2¦/ jÚtun

dm : RbEvgBIcugénbegÁalmkdl;cMNucbnÞúkcugEdl)anrcnaeLIg ¬m¦
]TahrN_ karKNnakmøaMgTb;énbegÁalRTebtugmansrésEdk
l½kçx½NÐ
¬1¦ ExStg;süúgmFüm ¬AAC 150mm2 x 3 ExS/ km<s; h = 11/4 Em:Rt/ 1
Ggát;p©it d = 0/0168 Em:Rt¦

1
¬2¦ ExStg;süúgTab ¬PVC 70mm2 x 3 ExS/ km<s; h = 10/4 Em:Rt/ h = 2 3
10/1 Em:Rt/ h = 9/8 Em:Rt Ggát;p©it d = 0/0170 Em:Rt¦

4 2
¬3¦ Tm¶n;enAcenøaH ¬S = 60m/ S = 40m/ S = ¬ S + S ¦¼2 = 50m¦ x 3

1 2 1 2
ExS/ km<s; h = 10/4 Em:Rt/ h = 10/1 Em:Rt/ h = 9/8 Em:Rt

2 3 4

2
¬4¦ bnÞúkbMEbkénbegÁalRT P = 10 KILÚjÚtun

¬5¦ begÁalRT ¬begÁalmUl¦
Ggát;p©itEpñkcugelIénbegÁalRT D = 0/15 m
1
Ggát;p©itEpñkKl;énbegÁalRT ¬elIépÞdI¦ D = 0/30 m

0
km<s;énbegÁalRTKitBIEpñkelIdIdl;cugelI H = 11/70 m
RbEvgénbegÁalRTKitBIcugelImkdl;cMNucbnÞúkkMBUl d = 0/30 mm
¬6¦ sm<aFxül;bk;eTAelI 1m2 énépÞbBaÄr

begÁalRTebtugmansrésEdk ¬begÁalmUl¦ K = 1/290 m 1
ExScmøg K = 680 ):asáal;

2
¬7¦ emKuNsuvtßiPaB f = 2
363
D1
cMNucbnÞúkkMBUl
D0
S1 S2
MVExStg;süúgmFüm MVExStg;süúgmFüm
MVExStg;süúgTab MVExStg;süúgTab
(H – dm)P
=
11/7 0/3)×10×103 = 57/000 ¬jÚtun>m¦
( –
f
2
2 2 2 × 0/15 + 0/30) × 11/72
(
1/290 = 17/659 ¬jÚtun>m¦
( D1+D0)H
Mp = K1 = ×
6 6
dUecñH
Mw = K2S(∑dh)
= 680×50×(0/0168×11/4×3 + 0/0170×10/4 + 0/0170 ×10/1 + 0/0170 × 9/8)
= 37/048 ¬jÚtun>m¦
57/000  54/707 (=17/659+37/048)

(H – dm)P
2
 K1 ( D1+D0)H
2
+ K2S(∑dh)
f
6
364
4>3 karKNnakmøaMgTb;rbs;begÁalRTeQI
begÁaleQI RtÚvmankmøaMgGacTb;nwgbnÞúkxül;bk; . emKuNsuvtßíPaBsRmab;ExStg;süúgTab
RtÚvmantémøFMCag 1/2 nigsRmab;ExStg;süúgmFüm RtÚvmantémømintUcCag 1/5 eT .
kmøaMgbegÁaleQIsRmab;ExStg;süúgTab EdlGacTb;nwgbnÞúkxül;bk;kñúgTisedAmuMRtwmRtÚveTAelIExS
Gakas RtÚvkarKNnatamrUbmnþxageRkam ³
1> begÁalRTKµanExSywt
S dh 
  K 2 
P 32K  K 1  D0 H 2 kH3 
F
  
  100  2

3  1000 
 ( D0 )
3
>>¬Bnül;
40-9¦
kñúgkrNI K1 = 520 ¬jÚtun¼m2¦/ K2 = 680 ¬jÚtun¼m2¦/ K = 0/9 ¬sm¼m¦
265D H  158H  S 69dh 
2 3
P
K 0
>>¬Bnül;
10D0 
3
F
40-10¦
2> begÁalRTmanExSywt
S  dh 
  K 2   ( D0 )3
P 16 K  K1  D0 H 2 kH 3 
F
  
 100  2

3  1000 
>>¬Bnül;40-11¦
kñúgkrNI K1 = 520 ¬jÚtun¼m2¦ K2 = 680 ¬jÚtun¼m2¦ K = 0/9
/ / ¬sm¼m¦
133D0 H 2  79H 3  0.5S 69dh 
P
K >>>>>>>>¬Bnül;40-12¦
10D0 
3
F
365
K : efr ¬= 1 kñúgl½kxç ½NÐFmµta¦
K1 : sm<aFxül;bk;elIépÞ1m2 énbegÁaleQI ¬jÚtun¼1m2¦
K2 : sm<aFxül;bk;elIépÞ1m2 énExScmøg ¬jÚtun¼1m2¦
S : Bak;kNþaléncm¶aycenøaHrvagbegÁalTaMgBIr ¬m¦
d : Ggát;pit© xageRkAénExSnImYy² ¬mm¦
h : km<s;begÁalTRmKitcab;BIcMNucp<k;ExSmkdl;dI ¬m¦
H : km<s;begÁalTRménEpñkelIdI ¬m¦
Do : D + 0/9 H ¬Ggát;p©itbegÁalTRmenAcMNucCab;dI ¬sm¦
D : Ggát;pit© begÁalTRmenAcugxagelI
D‟o : Ggát;pit© énrgVg;EdlépÞrbs;vaesµInwgépÞEpñképÞxagelIdIénbegÁal EdlminKitEpñkERcH
¬RbsinebIKµanERcH Do esµI D‟o¦
k : GRtaekIneLIgénGgátp; ©itbegÁaleQI ¬sm¼m¦
P : kmøaMgbMEbkkMeNagénbegÁal mankñúgbgðajkñúgtaragxageRkam
F : emKuNsuvtßiPaBénbegÁaleQI
tarag ES40 G kmøaMgbMEbkénbegÁaleQI

RbePTbegÁaleQI
¬P¦ kmøaMgbMEbk
eQµaHTUeTA ¼ eQµaHrukçsa®sþ
p©wk (Shorea obtusa) 11 jÚtun¼mm2
KKIxSac; (Hopea pierrei) 17 jÚtun¼mm2
Et,g (Dipterocarpus obtufolius) 20 jÚtun¼mm2
xøúg (Dipterocarpus tuberculatus) 13 jÚtun¼mm2
kmøaMgTb;rbs;begÁaleQIsRmab;ExStg;süúgmFüm RtÚvkarKNnatamviFIdUcKña . eTaHCay:agNa

k¾eday eKnwgeFVIkarBicarNaGMBIbnÞúkénkmøaMgxül;bk;énsmÖar³GuIsULg; nigédExVg .
karKNnasmIkar Bnül; 40-9/ 10/ 11 nig12¦
Ggát;p©it b¤TTwgéncMNuckm<s; “x” (D(x)) KNnatamrUbmnþxageRkam ³
D(x)  D0  kx
366
dx
H
x
kmøaMgxül;bk;éntMbn;mYycMnYn manbgðajtamrUbmnþxageRkam ³
dWL  K 1D( x)dx
 K 1 D0  kxdx
dUecñH m:Um:g;CakMeNagedaysarbnÞúkxül;bk;sRmab;begÁalRTmYy pøas;bþÚreTAcMNuckMBUlénbegÁalRT

¬Mp¦ RtÚvKNnatamrUbmnþxageRkam ³
x  dWL K 1
Mp   D0  kx xdx
100 100
K 1  D0 H 2 kH3 
   
100  2 3 
x  dWL K 1
Mp   D0  kx xdx
100 100
K 1  D0 H 2 kH3 
   
100  2 3 
>>>>>>>Bnül; 40-13
srubm:Um:g;kMeNagedaysarbnÞúkxül;bk;sRmab;ExScmøgnImYy² Mw RtÚvKNnatam
rUbmnþxageRkam ³
S dh 
Mw  K 2
1000
>>>>>>>Bnül; 40-14
Tm¶n;sgát;EdlGnuBaØatsRmab;begÁaleQITb;Tl;nwgkMeNagkac;rbs;va ¬f¦ KNnatam
rUbmnþ ³
367
f
P(1000)2
F
¬jÚtun¼m2¦
emKuNmuxkat;énbegÁaleQI ¬Z¦ KNnatamrUbmnþ ³
 3
Z  ( D )
32
0
3
¬sm ¦
  D0 
3
  
32  100 
¬m3¦
dUecñH m:Um:g;Tb;énbegÁaleQI ¬Mr¦ KNnatamrUbmnþ ³
P(1000)2   D0   P( D0 )3
3
Mr  f  Z       ¬jÚtun>m¦
F 32  100  32 F
¬1¦ begÁalRTeTalKµanExSywt
Mr  K(Mp  Mw ) >>¬Bnül; 40-9¦
 P( D0 )3  K 1  D0 H 2 kH3  S dh 
  K     K2 
32 F  100  2 3  1000 
dUecñH K = 520 ¬jÚtun¼m2¦/

1 K2 = 680 ¬jÚtun¼m2¦/ K = 0/9 ¬sm¼m¦
RtÚvCMnYsedayrUbmnþenH
S  dh 
  K 2   ( D0 ) 3
P 32 K 
 K1  D0 H
2
kH 3  
   
F 
 100  2 3   1000 
P 265D0 H 2  158H 3  S 69dh 

K
10D0 
3
F
¬2¦ begÁalRTeTalmanExSywt
1
Mr  K (Mp  Mw )
2
P 16K  K1  Do H 2 kH 3  S  dh
  
F  100  2

3 
  K 2
100 
 D 
'
o
3
Edl K1 = 520 ¬jÚtun¼m2¦/ K = 680 ¬jÚtun¼m2¦/ K = 0 ¬sm¼m¦ RtÚvCMnYsedayrUbmnþenH

2
368
P 133D0 H 2  79H 3  0.5S 69dh 
 K
10D0 
3
F
4>4 bnÞúkbBaÄr
kmøaMgTb;énbegÁalEdknigbegÁalebtugmansésEdk EdleRbIsRmab;RTExSbNþajTb;Tl;nwgbnÞúk
bBaÄr nigm:Um:g;kMeNag RtÚvKNnatamrUbmnþ ³
W M
 
A Z
ζ : m:Um:gk; MeNagGnuBaØat ¬jÚtun¼sm2¦ énbegÁalTRm

W : bnÞúkbBaÄr ¬jÚtun¦ EdlmanenAEpñkxagelImuxkat; EdlRtÚveFVIkarKNnakmøaMg
M : m:Um:gk; MeNag ¬jÚtun>sm¦ edaysarbnÞúkEdlmanenAEpñkxagelImuxkat; EdlRtÚv
eFVIkarKNnakmøaMg
A : muxkat;smmUl ¬sm2¦
viFIKNna A
kñúgkrNIEdl mE A 2 
 A1   p   p  A 2 
2

2
0  2    A  A 2      
   A  2 
1 
 P A1 
  A 2  mE  y  1  

kñúgkrNIEdl mE A 2 1 mE
2    A  A 2 
 P A1 y 22
  I1 4
0.4133
I1
0.0804  10  kñúgkrNI
 Edl of
in case 0.0001   0.01
  I2  I2

  I1 4
0.3373
kñ
úgkrNI Edl of I1
m   0.114  10  in case 0.01   0.4
  I2  I2
  I1 
kñ
úgkrNI Edl of I1
 1.472  0.995 I  in case 0.4   1.0

  2 I
369
λ2 : pleFobPaBesþIgénbegÁal
E : emKuNelak yuaMg ¬Young‟s Modulus ¦ ¬jÚtun¼sm2¦
ζy : cMNuc)ak; ¬Yield Point ¦ ¬jÚtun¼sm2¦
ζp : kRmiténPaByWt ¬ ζ = 0/8 ζ ¦
p y
I1 : m:Um:gG; uIENsuI ¬Inertia¦ ¬sm4¦ rbs;begÁalenAcMNucGnuvtþbnÞúk

I1 : m:Um:gG; uIENsuI ¬Inertia¦ ¬sm4¦ rbs;begÁalenAcMNucépÞdI
A1 : muxkat; ¬sm2¦ rbs;begÁalenAcMNucGnuvtþbnÞúk
A2 : muxkat; ¬sm2¦ rbs;begÁalenAcMNucépÞdI
Z : emKuNmuxkat; ¬sm3¦ énmuxkat;EdlBak;B½n§
4>6 karKNnaemKuNsuvtßiPaBrbs;RKwHbegÁalRT
emKuNsuvtßiPaBrbs;RKwHbegÁalRT RtÚvKNnadUcxageRkam ³
4
f
KD t 0
¬edayKµanExSTb;¦ >>>>>>>>>¬Bnül; 40-15¦
120PH  t 0 
2
f : emKuNsuvtßiPaBénRKwHbegÁalTRm
D0 : Ggát;pit© énbegÁalTRmenAcMNucépÞdI RbsinebICabegÁalmUl ¬Columnar¦ ¬m¦
RbEvgxagcugénmuxkat;begÁalTRmenAcMNucépÞdI RbsinebICabegÁalRCúg ¬m¦
t : CeRmAénbegÁalTRmEdlkb;kñúgdI ¬m¦
H : km<s;BIcMNucEdlbnÞúkRbmUlpþMúmkdl;épÞdI¬m¦
P : bnÞúkEdlbEgVrCabnÞúkRbmUlpþMúenAcMNuckMBUlénbegÁalTRm ¬jÚtUn¦
t0 : CeRmAéncMNuckNþalrgVg;énbegÁalTRmmképÞdI ¬m¦ t  2 t ¬m¦
o
3
K : emKuNdI RtÚvmantémødUckñúgtaragxageRkam
370
tarag ES40 H emKuNdI
RbePTdI emKuNdI ¬jÚtun¼m4¦
dIduM² b¤dIxSac; nigdIEdlmanRKÜs b¤fµeRcInenAxag
3/9×107
[A]
eRkamdIrwg
dIFmµta
dIduM² b¤dIxSac; nigdIEdlmanRKÜs b¤fµeRcInenAxag
2/9×107
[B]
eRkamdITn;
[C] xSac;pug ¬KµanlaydI¦ 2/0×107
dITn; dI\dæesIm dICI dIcak;bMeBj nigdITn;déTeTot
0/8×107
[D]
¬minrYmbBa©lÚ dIvalERseRCA²¦
5>7 karbEnßmkmøaMgelIRKwHbegÁalRTedayeRbIRKwHCaduM
RbsinebIRKwHCaduM RtÚveKkb;kñúgdIedIm,IbEnßmkmøaMgRKwHbegÁalRTemKuNsuvtßiPaBénRKwHbegÁalRTRtÚv
KNnadUcxageRkam ³
KD t 4
f 0
>>>>>>>>>¬Bnül; 40-16¦
120PH  t 0 
2
f : emKuNsuvtßiPaBénRKwHbegÁalTRm
D0 : Ggát;pit© énbegÁalTRmenAcMNucépÞdI RbsinebICabegÁalmUl begÁalbYnRCúg
Columnar ¬m¦
RbEvgxagcugénmuxkat;begÁalTRmenAcMNucépÞdI
RbsinebICabegÁalRCúg ¬m¦
t : CeRmAénbegÁalTRmEdlkb;kñúgdI ¬m¦
H : km<s;BIcMNucEdlbnÞúkRbmUlpþMúmkdl;épÞdI¬m¦
P : bnÞúkEdlbEgVrCabnÞúkRbmUlpþMúenAcMNuckMBUlénbegÁalTRm
¬jÚtUn¦
t0 : CeRmAéncMNuckNþalrgVg;énbegÁalTRmmképÞdI ¬m¦/
to 
2
t ¬m¦
3 15sm D0
K : emKuNdI RtÚvmantémødUckñúgtaragxageRkam tc
 : emKuNbegáInéner:sþIsþg;xN³enAkñúgRKwH EdleRbIRKwHCaduMebtug Dc
t
¬emKuNénkarbEnßmkmøaMg¦
tc
Dc
371
 2 
  36     
1   2   1   1   3   1  1   4 (  1) 
2 1

2 3 4 
t 0
:
Dc
D0
/ :
tc
t
/ :
t
:
t0 : CeRmAéncMNuckNþalrgVg;énbegÁalRTmképÞdI RbsinebIRKwHCaduMRtÚveKkb; ¬m¦
2 1     1 
3
t   t   ¬m¦
3 1     1
0 2
 
Dc : Ggát;p©iténRKwHCaduM RbsinebIRKwHduMragmUl ¬m¦/
RbEvgTTwgénRKwHCaduM RbsinebIRKwHCaduM manragCa Rectangular Parallelepiped ¬m¦
tc : CeRmAénRKwHCaduM ¬vaRtÚveKKitBicarNafa t minrYmbBa©ÚlRbEvg 15 sm xag
c
eRkamépÞdI RbsinebIl½kçx½NÐdIFmµta¦
5 karbEnßmkmøaMgelIRKwHbegÁalRTedayeRbIExSTb;
5>1 kartemøIg nigemKuNsuvtßiPaBrbs;ExSTb;
]TahrN_énExSTb; nigCnÞl;Tb;
ExSTb; CnÞl;Tb;
kmøaMgTaj kmøaMgTaj
GuIsULaT½rmUl
ExSTb; CnÞl;Tb;
EdkmUleRsabsMelah³
30 sm b¤FMCag
TMBk;ExSTb;
372
eKRtÚvs‘kGuIsULaT½rragmUlmYyenAEpñkxagelIénExSTb; RbsinebIExSTb; CnÞl;Tb;EdlmanRbsiT§PaBRbhak;RbEhl
RtÚveKtemøIgsRmab;ExSbNþajEckcayGakasenAkEnøg Edlman b¤x<s;Cag GacRtÚveKeRbICMnYsExSTb; .
eRKaHfñak;edaysarb:HnwgExScmøgGKÁisnI .
km<s;ExSTb;
ExSTb;
6/5m ¬4/5m*¦ ExSTb;

2/5m
b¤x<s;Cag
or more
EpñkpøÚvedIr pøÚv EpñkpøÚvedIr

* kñúgkrNIEdlkm<s; 5m minGacGnuvtþ)anedaysarehtuplbec©keTs nig
minmaneRKaHfñak;dl;dl;kareFVIcracr .
l½kçx½NÐkñúgkartemøIgExSTb;
1> enAeBlbegÁalRTmYyKµanPaBrwgmaMedIm,ITb;nwgkmøaMgxül;sgxagExSTb; eKRtÚvEttemøIgExSTb;
eTAtammuMRtwmRtÚveFobnwgExSbNþaj .
begÁalTRm
ExSbNþaj
ExSTb;
2> enAeBlcenøaHBIbegÁalRTmYyeTAbegÁalRTsgxagmanRbEvgxusKñaeRcIn eKRtÚvtemøIgExSTb;

enAEpñkTaMgsgxagénbegÁalRTenaH . ¬begÁalRTRtÚvtemøIgedaymincaM)ac;KNnakmøaMgeLIy¦ .
373
3> nAeBlExSbNþajenAsgxagbegÁalRTbegáIt)anmuMFMCag 5 dWeRk eKRtÚvtemøIgExSTb;
EdlGacTb;Tl;nwgbgÁMúepþksgxagénkmøaMgsnµt; . ¬begÁalRTRtÚvtemøIgedaymincaM)ac;KNna
kmøaMgeLIy¦ .
FMCag 5 dWeRk
4>ExSTb;EdlGacTb;Tl;nwgkmøaMgepþkén Strung Wires RtÚveKtemøIgenAcugénExSbNþaj .

¬begÁalRTRtÚvtemøIgedaymincaM)ac;KNnakmøaMgeLIy¦ .
karKNnakmøaMgExSTb;
¬1¦ ExSTb;sRmab;kmøaMgxül;enAsgxagExSbNþaj ¬begÁalRTeTal¦

  D 0 H 2 kH 3 
1.25K 2 S dh   12.5K 1   ¬Bnül; 40-
K
P    cos ec
h 0  10 3 
  2 3 
17¦
kñúgkrNI K1 = 520 ¬jÚtun¼m2¦/ K2 = 680 ¬jÚtun¼m2¦
P
K
 
850S dh   3,250D 0 H 2  2,167kH 3  cos ec >>>>¬Bnül;
h 0  10 3
40-18¦
P : kmøaMgTajywtrbs;ExSTb; ¬jÚtun¦
h0 : km<s;éncMNucRtÚvtemøIgExSTb; ¬m¦
ө : muMrvagbegÁalTRm nigExSTb; ¬m¦
S : cenøaHrvagbegÁalTRm ¬m¦ ¬ S KW 1knøH énplbUkéncenøaHénEpñksgxagénbegÁal
RbsinebIRbEvgBYkva minesµImy Y ¦
d : Ggát;pit© énExScmøg ¬mm¦
h : km<s;éncMNucRtÚvtemøIgExScmøg ¬m¦
D0 : Ggát;pit© rbs;begÁalTRmenAcMNucépÞdI ¬sm¦
k : kRmitekIneLIgénGgát;p©itrbs;begÁalTRm ¬sm¼m¦
K : emKuNsm<aFxül; ¬K =1 smRsbsRmab;km<úCa¦
K1 : sm<aFxül;kñúg1m2 énépÞcMeNalbBaÄrénbegÁalTRm ¬jÚtun¼m2¦
K1 : sm<aFxül;kñúg1m2 énépÞcMeNalbBaÄrénExScmøg ¬jÚtun¼m2¦
374
Bnül;edayeRbIKMnUr
¬2¦ ExSTb;sRmab;kmøaMgxül;enAsgxagExSbNþaj ¬begÁalRTRbePT H¦


  D 0 H 2 kH 3 
0.625K 2 S dh   12.5K 1   ¬Bnül;
K
P    cos ec
h 0  10 3 
  2 3 
40-19¦
kñúgkrNI K1 = 520 ¬jÚtun¼m2¦/ K2 = 680 ¬jÚtun¼m2¦
P
K
 
425S dh   3,250D 0 H 2  2,167kH 3  cos ec ¬Bnül; 40-
h 0  10 3
20¦
S : cenøaHrvagbegÁalTRm ¬m¦ ¬ S KW 1knøH énplbUkéncenøaHénEpñksgxagénbegÁal
RbsinebIRbEvgBYkva minesµImy Y ¦
d : Ggát;pit© énExScmøg ¬mm¦
D0 : Ggát;pit© rbs;begÁalTRmenAcMNucépÞdI ¬sm¦
k : kRmitekIneLIgénGgát;p©itrbs;begÁalTRm ¬sm¼m¦
K : emKuNsm<aFxül; ¬K =1 smRsbsRmab;km<úCa¦
K1 : sm<aFxül;eTAelI1m2 énépÞcMeNalbBaÄrénbegÁalTRm ¬jÚtun¼m2¦
K1 : sm<aFxül;kñúg1m2 énépÞcMeNalbBaÄrénExScmøg ¬jÚtun¼m2¦
375
Bnül;edayeRbIKMnUr
ө
P
¬3¦ ExSTb;sRmab;kmøaMgxül;mintulüPaB
P
f
Thcos ec ¬Bnül; 40-21¦
h0
T : kmøaMgGtibrmasnµt;rbs;ExScmøgEdlminmantuulüPaB ¬jÚtun¦
f : emKuNsuvtßiPaB ¬sm¦
Bnül;edayeRbIKMnUr ∑T
P ө
376
¬4¦ ExSTb;sRmab;begÁalRTEdltemøIgenAcugExSbNþaj ¬rUbmnþgay²¦
P  f  T cos ec
2
h 
P  f T  0   1 ¬Bnül; 40-22¦
 l 
l : RbEvgBIbegÁalTRmeTAdl;ExSTb;enAelIépÞdI ¬m¦
Bnül;edayeRbIKMnUr ∑T
h0
P ө
¬5¦ ExSTb;sRmab;begÁalRTEdlExSbNþajminRtg; ¬rUbmnþgay²¦

2
h 
P  f T  0   1
 l 
T TA  TB  2TATB cos 
2 2
If TA  TB , then
  h0 
2
P  2 f  TA sin   1
2  l 
377
l : RbEvgBIbegÁalTRmeTAdl;ExSTb;enAelIépÞdI ¬m¦
TA
Bnül;edayeRbIKMnUr TB
TA
P
h0
T

TB
kñúgkrNIbegÁalRTKµanExSTb;
RbsinebIkarKNnakmøaMgTb;rbs;begÁalRT RtÚveKeFVIkarKNna[)anRtwmRtÚv ehIyemKuN
suvtßiPaBénRKwHrbs;begÁalRT mantémøesµI 2 b¤FMCag dUc)ankMNt;kñúgmaRta 40>2 ExSTb;KWmin
caM)ac;eRbIeT .
]TahrN_1¬k>begÁalRTEdlminmankmøaMgTb;Tl;kmøaMgxül;RKb;RKan;-karKNnakmøaMgepþkTTwg¦
¬l½kçx½NÐ¦
MV Line (AAC150mm2×3wire)
2
¬1¦ ExStg;süúgmFüm ¬AAC 150mm x 3 ExS/ LV Line (PVC75mm2×3wire)

1
S1=60m S2=40m
¬2¦ ExStg;süúgTab ¬PVC 75mm2 x 3 ExS/
378
2
begÁalbYnRCúg
¬3¦ RbEvgcenøaHbegÁalmYyeTAbegÁalmYy D 0
¬S = 60m/ S = 40m/ S = ¬ S + S ¦¼2 = 50m¦

1 2 1 2
¬4¦ begÁalRT ¬begÁalbYnRCúg¦

Ggát;p©itcugxagelIrbs;begÁalRT D = 0/15 m 1
t c
Ggát;p©itrbs;begÁalRTenAcMNucépÞdI D = 0/30 m Dc 0
RbEvgbegÁalRTEpñkenAelIdI H = 11/70 m
CeRmArbs;begÁalRTEdlkb;kñúgdI t = 2/30 m 15sm
¬5¦ sm<aFxül;eTAelI1m2 énépÞcMeNalbBaÄr t
t
c
begÁalRTebtugmansésEdk ¬begÁalbYnRCúg¦ Dc
K = 1/290 ):asáal;
1
ExScmøg K = 680 ):asáal;

2
¬6¦ RKwCaduM Rectangular parallelepiped

TTwgRKwCaduM D = 1/0 m c
CeRmA t = 1/5 mc
¬7¦ RbePTdI
RbePT ³ [B] dIduM² b¤dIxSac; nigdIEdlmanRKÜs b¤fµeRcInenAxageRkamdITn;
emKuNdI K = 3/9 X 107 ¬jÚtun¼m4¦
1
P = P ¬sm<aFxül;sRmab;begÁaleTAelIbnÞúkpÁMúenAEpñkcugxagelI¦ + P
p w
¬sm<aFxül;sRmab;ExScmøgeTAelIbnÞúkpÁMúenAEpñkcugxagelI¦
2D1  D0 H
= K1   K2S d
6
=
1,290 
2  0.15  0.3011.7  680  50  (0.0168  3  0.0170  3)  4956.9 ¬jÚtun¦
6
Dc tc 2 1   3   1 
  3.33   0.652 t0  t    1.27
D0 t 3 1   2   1
t 0
   0.552
t
379
 2
  36  2
 1
 
1   2   1   1   3   1  1   4 (  1)  =1.87
2 3 4 
dUecñH emKuNsuvtßiPaBrbs;RKwH ƒRtÚvKNnadUcxageRkam ³

KD0 t 4 1.87  3.9  10 7  0.30  2.34
f    5.88
120 PH  t 0  120  4956.9  11.7  2 3  2.3
2 2
¬t : CeRmAéncMNuckNþalrgVg;énbegÁalRTmképÞdI ¬m¦/
0 t0 = 2/3t )
edaysaremKuNsuvtßiPaB 5/88 énRKwHbegÁalRT KWFMCag 2 dUecñHmincaM)ac;eRbI

ExSTb;eT .
]TahrN_2
¬x>begÁalRTEdlmancenøaHbegÁalmYyeTAbegÁalmYyeTotenAsgxagmanRbEvgxusKñaeRcIn–kar
KNnakmøaMgepþkbeNþay¦
KµanExSbNþajtg;süúgTab PA PB
SA=70m SB=15m
dA=0.54 dB=0.43
m Side A m B
Side
¬l½kçx½NÐ¦
¬1¦ ExStg;süúgmFüm ¬AAC 150mm2 x 3 ExS/
Tm¶n; W = 0/434 KILÚRkam¼m¦ D 0
P=PP
¬2¦ cenøaHrvagbegÁal ¬S = 70m ¬Epñk A¦/
A
+PA-PB
S = 15m ¬Epñk B¦
B
begÁalbYnRCúg
¬3¦ kNþk;ExSbNþajtg;süúgmFümGakas t c
¬d = 0/54m ¬Epñk A¦/ d = 0/43m ¬Epñk B¦ Dc

A B

15sm
Ggát;p©itrbs;begÁalRTenAcMNucépÞdI D = 0/30 m 0
t c
t
D
c
380
RbEvgbegÁalRTEpñkenAelIdI H = 10/0m/ CeRmArbs;begÁalRTEdlkb;kñúgdI
t = 2/0 m
¬5¦ sm<aFxül;eTAelI1m2 énépÞcMeNalbBaÄr

begÁalRTebtugmansésEdk ¬begÁalbYnRCúg¦ ³ K = 1/290 ):asáal; 1
¬6¦ RKwCaduM ¬Rectangular parallelepiped¦

TTwgRKwCaduM D = 1/0 m c
CeRmA t = 1/5 m c
¬7¦ RbePTdI
1
RbsinebI Tisrbs;xül;dUcKñanwg “P ” begÁalRtÚvEtkb;kñúgdI[)anbnÞúkGtibrma “P” .

A
P = P ¬sm<aFxül;sRmab;begÁaleTAelIbnÞúkpÁMúenAEpñkcugxagelI¦ + P ¬smas
p A
PaBénkmøaMgepþkTTwgGtibrmarbs;ExScmøgenAEpñk A¦ - P ¬smasPaBénkmøaMg B
epþkTTwgGtibrmarbs;ExScmøgenAEpñk B¦
2D1  D0 H  WgSA 2 WgSB
2

= K1   3  3 
6  8d A 8d B 
2  0.15  0.30  10.0 0.434  9.8  702
0.434  9.8  152
= 1,290 
6 8  0.54

8  0.43
3
 3  14,928
D 1.0 t 1.5 2 1  3   1  

t0
 0.572
 c   3.33   c   0.75 t0  t    1.144
D0 0.30 t 2.0 3 1   2
  1  t
2 
  36 1  2   1 1  3   1 1  4 (  1)  2.022
2 1
2 3 4 

KD 0 t 4 2.02  3.9  10 7  0.30  2.0 4
f   1.64
120PH  t 0  120  14,928  10.0  2 3  2.0
2 2
¬t : CeRmAéncMNuckNþalrgVg;énbegÁalRTmképÞdI ¬m¦/
0 t0 = 2/3t )
edaysaremKuNsuvtßiPaB 1/64 énRKwHbegÁalRT KWtUcCag 2 dUecñHRtÚveRbIExS

Tb; .
381
]TahrN_3 ¬K>begÁalRTEdlExSbNþajenAsgxagbegÁalRTbegáIt)anmuMFMCag 5 dWeRk¦
D0
MV Line (AAC150mm2×3wire) P=PP+PT
There is no LV 60
Lines. begÁalbYnRCúg
PA tc
PB
SA=60m SB=60m Dc
dA=0.43 dB=0.43
m m
15sm
t
c t
D
c
¬l½kçx½NÐ¦
¬1¦ ExStg;süúgmFüm ¬AAC 150mm2 x 3 ExS/ 60
Tm¶n; W = 0/434 KILÚRkam¼m¦

60 60
PB
PA
¬2¦ cenøaHrvagbegÁal ¬S = 60m ¬Epñk A¦/
A PA cos 60 PB cos 60
S = 60m ¬Epñk B¦ PT  PA cos 60  PB cos 60

B
¬3¦ kNþk;ExSbNþajtg;süúgmFümGakas
¬d = d = 0/43m
A B

Ggát;p©itrbs;begÁalRTenAcMNucépÞdI D = 0/30 m 0
RbEvgbegÁalRTEpñkenAelIdI H = 10/0m/ CeRmArbs;begÁalRTEdlkb;kñúgdI

t = 2/0 m
¬5¦ sm<aFxül;eTAelI1m2 énépÞcMeNalbBaÄr

begÁalRTebtugmansésEdk ¬begÁalbYnRCúg¦ ³ K = 1/290 ):asáal;/
1
¬6¦RKwHCaRKwHBum<cak;rYc b¤RKwHcak;ebtugbEnßm):ar:aEllBIEb:t¬Rectangular parallelepiped¦

TTwgRKwHBum<cak;rYc D = 1/0 m c
CeRmA t = 1/5 m
c
382
¬7¦ RbePTdI
1
P = P ¬sm<aFxül;sRmab;begÁaleTAelIbnÞúkpÁMúenAEpñkcugxagelI¦
p + PT ¬smasPaB
énkmøaMgepþkTTwgGtibrmarbs;ExScmøg
 PT  PA cos 60  PB cos 60 
2D1  D0 H  WgSA 2 WgSB

2
  cos60 
 0.5
= K1    3  0.5   3  0.5 
6  8d A 8d B 
2  0.15  0.30  10.0 0.434  9.8  602 0.434  9.8  602

 1,290    3  0.5   3  0.5
6 8  0.43 8  0.43
 14,634 ¬jÚtun¦
D 1.0 t c 1.5 2 1  3   1 
t0
 0.572
 c   3.33    0.75 t0  t    1.144
D0 0.30 t 2.0 3 1  2   1 t
2 
  36 1  2   1 1  3   1 1  4 (  1)  2.022
2 1
2 3 4 
KD 0 t 4 2.02  3.9  10 7  0.30  2.0 4

f   1.67
120PH  t 0  120  14,928  10.0  2 3  2.0
2 2
CeRmAéncMNuckNþalrgVg;énbegÁalRTmképÞdI ¬m¦/ t = 2/3t )

t0 : 0
edaysar emKuNsuvtßiPaB 1/64 énRKwHbegÁalRT KWtUcCag 2 dUecñH RtÚveRbIExSTb; .
]TahrN_4 ¬K>begÁalRTEdltemøIgenAcugénExSbNþaj- karKNnakmøaMgepþkbeNþay¦

S1=60m
d1 = 1.25m KµanExSTb;
383
¬l½kçx½NÐ¦
¬1¦ ExStg;süúgmFüm ¬AAC 150mm2 x 3 ExS/
Tm¶n; W = 0/434 KILÚRkam¼m¦ P=PP+PT
¬2¦ cenøaHrvagbegÁal ¬S = 60m¦ 1
¬3¦ kNþk;ExSbNþajtg;süúgmFümGakas begÁalbYnRCúg

¬d = 1/25m¦
1 D0

Ggát;p©itrbs;begÁalRTenAcMNucépÞdI D = 0/30 m 0 tc
RbEvgbegÁalRTEpñkenAelIdI H = 10/0m Dc
CeRmArbs;begÁalRTEdlkb;kñúgdI t = 2/0 m
¬5¦ sm<aFxül;eTAelI1m2 énépÞcMeNalbBaÄr 15c
begÁalRTebtugmansésEdk ¬begÁalbYnRCúg¦ ³ K1 = 1/290 ):asáal;/ m t
c
t
¬6¦ RKwHCaduM ¬Rectangular parallelepiped¦

Dc
TTwgRKwHCaduM D = 1/0 mc
CeRmA t = 1/5 m
c
¬7¦ RbePTdI
1
P = P ¬sm<aFxül;sRmab;begÁaleTAelIbnÞúkpÁMúenAEpñkcugxagelI¦ + P ¬smasPaB
p T
énkmøaMgepþkTTwgGtibrmarbs;ExScmøg
= K1 
2D1  D0 H   W1 gS12  3
 8D 
6  1 
= 1,290 
2  0.15  0.3010.0  0.434  9.8  60 2  3  5,883 ¬jÚtun¦
6 8 1.25
Dc tc 2 1   3   1 
  3.33   0.75 t 0  t    1.144
D0 t 3 1   2   1
t 0
  0.572
t
384
 2
  36    
1   2   1   1   3   1  1   4 (  1)
2 1
  =2.022
2 3 4 

KD0t 4 2.02  3.9 10 7  0.30  2.0 4
f    4.161
120 PH  t 0  120  5,883  10.0  2 / 3  2.0
2 2
¬t : CeRmAéncMNuckNþalrgVg;énbegÁalRTmképÞdI ¬m¦/ t = 2/3t )

0 0
edaysar emKuNsuvtßiPaB 1/64 énRKwHbegÁalRT KWFMCag 2 dUecñH

mincaM)ac;eRbIExSTb;eT .
karKNnasmIkarkarBnül; 40-17/ 18/ 19 nig 20]

[
¬1¦ ExSTb;sRmab;Tb;kmøaMgxül;enAsgxagExSbNþaj ¬begÁaleTal¦
RbsinebIExSTb;nImYy²TTYlbnÞúkBak; Explanation Drawing
P sinθ
kNþalsRmab;kmøaMgxül;ehIybegÁalRTxøÜnÉgpÞal;
TTYlbnÞúkBak;kNþalsRmab;;kmøaMgxül;EdlenAsl; h0
kmøaMgTb;rbs;ExSTb; ¬Mr¦ KW ³ P
θ
1
Mr  F  K  (Mp  Mw)
2
Mp : kMeNagedaysarkmøaMgxül;eTAelIbegÁalEdl)anRbmUlpþMúenAcugxagelIénbegÁal
MW : clnakMeNagsrubedaysarkmøaMgxül;sRmab;begÁalTRmnImYy²
F : emKuNsuvtßiPaB ¬sm¦
1
 K  D H kH  2
S dh 
3

P sin  h 0  F  K   1 0
   K2  
2  3  1000 
 100  2 

  D 0 H 2 kH 3 
0.5F  K 2 S dh   5F  K 1  
K
P   cos ec
h 0  10 3 
  2 3 
kñúgkrNI emKuNsuvtßiPaB F= 2/5 ¬eyagtamtarag ES40C ¦/ smIkarBnül; 40-17
KW ³

  D 0 H 2 kH 3 
1.25  K 2 S dh   12.5  K 1  
K
h 0  10 3 
  2 3 
kñúgkrNI K1= 520 ¬jÚtun¼m2¦/ K2= 680 ¬jÚtun¼m2¦ smIkarBnül; 40-18 KW³
385
P
K
 
850 S  dh   3,250 D 0 H 2  2,167 kH 3 cos ec
h 0  10 3
¬2¦ ExSTb;sRmab;Tb;kmøaMgxül;enAsgxagExSbNþaj ¬begÁalRTRbePT H¦

enAeBlclnakMeNagedaysarkmøaMgxül;sRmab;ExScmøgnImYy²vaRtÚveKCaBIr
kmøaMgTb;rbs;ExSTb; ¬Mr¦ KW ³
1 Mw 
Mr  F  K   Mp  
2 2 
S dh 
  K2  
1
K D H
2
kH 3  1 
P sin  h 0  F  K   1  0   
2
 100  2 3  2 1000  

 D H kH 
0.25F  K 2 S dh   5F  K 1  0 
2 3
K
P 3 
  cos ec
h 0  10    2 3  

kñúgkrNI emKuNsuvtßiPaB F= 2/5 smIkarBnül; 40-19 KW ³


  D 0 H 2 kH 3 
0.625  K 2 S dh   12.5  K 1  
K
h 0  10 3 
  2 3 

2 2
kñúgkrNI K1= 520 ¬jÚtn u ¼m ¦/ K2= 680 ¬jÚtun¼m ¦ smIkarBnül; 40-20 KW³
P
K
 
425S dh   3,250D 0 H 2  2,167kH 3  cos ec
h 0  10 3
1> ExSkabsRmab;ExSbNþajGakas
eBlExSkabRtUv)aneRbIsRmab;ExSbNþajGakas ExSkabenaHRtUvtemøIgedayminmankmøaMgTajpÞal;
eTAnwgExSkabenaHeT . CaTUeTAExSkabRtUv)anBüÜredayExSeyag . CaTUeTAExSkabmanTg;EdgTn;
dUecñHkmøaMgTajrbs;vaFmµtatUcCagExScmøgdéTeTot .
ExSeyag
ExSkab
rUbPaB ES41A ³ ExSeyag nigExSkab

386
ExSdIfñak; D RtUvGnuvtþedayeRKOgbnSMelah³edIm,IeRbIeRsabExSeyag nigExSkab . eday
ExSkabRtUveRbICaExSGakastg;süúgTab ExSeyagminRtUv)anGnuvtþsRmab;ExSdIfñak; D eLIyRbsinebI
ExSeRsam b¤eRKOgbnSMEdlpþl;CaGuIsULg; manRbsiT§iPaBRbhak;RbEhl b¤x<s;edayExSeRsamRtUv)an
eRbICaExSeyag .
2> viFIeFVItMNExScmøgGakas
2>1 tMNExS1hVa
¬1¦ tMNRtkYj
4dg b¤eRcIn 4dg b¤eRcIn
¬2¦ tMN Britania

D
10 dgsRmab; D
4dg b¤eRcIn 4dg b¤eRcIn
2>2 tMNbMEbkKña
¬1¦ ExScmøgesþIg
5 dg b¤eRcIn
387
¬2¦ ExScmøgRkas;
4 dg b¤eRcIn 10 dg b¤eRcIn
4 dg b¤eRcIn
D
2>3 tMN
tarag ES41A ³ ]TahrN_éntMN
RbePT cMNat;fñak;énkareRbI rUbPaB nigsßanPabénkareRbI

tMNRtkYj ¬Gnuvtþ
cMeBaHExScmøgTg;Edg¦
tMNExSenAeBlEdlkmøaMgTajcM
Rkcab;ritRtg; kmøaMgsgát; ¬Gnuvtþ
cMNuctMN
cMeBaHExScmøgTg;Edg/
GaluymIjm:Ú ¦
tMNExSeRbICaExSem ehIyExS kmøaMgsgát; ¬Gnuvtþ
Rkcab;ritbMEbk cmøgeRbICaExSbMEbk enAeBlEdl cMeBaHExScmøgTg;Edg/
kmøaMgTajcMcNM uctMN GaluymIjm:Ú ¦
tMNritP¢ab;¬GnuvtþcM
tMNritP¢ab;eday eBaHExScmøgTg;Edg
b‘ULúg tMNExSenAeBlEdlkmøaMgTajmin
nigTg;Edgb¤ExScmøg
cMcMNuctMN
GaluymIjm:Ú nig
GaluymIjm:Ú ¦
388
¬1¦ tMNRbePTRtg;
¬2¦ tMNRbePTbMEbk
¬RbsiT§iPaBrbs;GuIsULg;enHelItMN¦
enAeBleFVItMNExSGuIsULg; b¤ExSGuIsULg; nigExSkab tMNRtUvRKbCamYysmÖar³EdlmanGuIsULg;RKb;RKan;
nigmanGuIsULg;karBarGKÁisnIRbhak;RbEhl b¤eRcInCagGuIsULg;ExScmøg b¤tMNRtUvRbhak;RbEhl
b¤FMCagEdlRtUvykmkGnuvtþ .
¬]TahrN_¦
EpñktMNRtUvRKbedaysmÖar³EdlmanGuIsULg;RKb;RKan; .
3 ExSbNþajGakasbMEbk
RbsinebIExSbNþajGakasRtUv)anbMEbk BuMmankmøaMgTajenAelIExScmøgGKÁisnIelIExSbMEbkenaHeT .
Connection
rUbPaB ES41B ³ ]TahrN_kñúgkarbMEbkExSbNþajGakas

389
maRta 42 kmøaMgemkanicénGuIsULaT½r
1 lkçN³TUeTAénkmøaMgemkanicénGuIsULaT½r
1>1 RbePTGuIsULaT½r
tarag ES42 A RbePTGuIsULaT½r
RbePT GuIsULaT½rTajywt GuIsULaT½rRTExS GuIsULaT½rRTExS GuIsULaT½r>>>
KMnUs
bMRBÜj
rUbPaB
2 emKuNsuvtßiPaBénGuIsULaT½r
2>1 GuIsULaT½rTajywt ¬GuIsULaT½rf<k;ExSGKÁisnI¦
kmøaMgTajdac;
emKuNsuvtßiPaB = GuIsULaT½rTajywt
kmøaMgsnµtG; tibrmaénExS ExScmøg
kmøaMgGtibrmasnµt;rbs;ExS
rUbPaB ES42 A GuIsULaT½rTajywt

390
2>2 GuIsULaT½rRTExS ¬>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>¦
kmøaMgTajdac;
emKuNsuvtßiPaB =
bnÞúkepþkTTwg b¤bnÞúkbBaÄrEdlTajEkgnwgG½kSénGIusULaT½r
bnÞúkepþkTTwg bnÞúkbBaÄr
ExScmøg rUbPaB ES 21 B GuIsULaT½rRTExS

kñúgkrNIGuIsULaT½rtemøIgbBaÄr
Horizontal
transverse load
rUbPaB ES42 B
3 bnÞúksnµt;
3>1 bnÞúkbBaÄr
V  Wi  WC  S   g N 
V : bnÞúkbBaÄr ¬jÚtun¦
Wi : Tm¶n;rbs;smÖar³GuIsULaT½r ¬KILÚRkam¦
WC : Tm¶n;rbs;ExScmøg ¬ÉktaRbEvg¦ ¬KILÚRkam¼m¦
S : Tm¶n;rbs;ExScmøgkñúgmYycenøaHbegÁal
g : kmøaMgTMnajEpndI ¬= 9/80665 m¼ S ¦ 2
3>2 bnÞúkepþkTTwg
H t  H i  H C  d  S  T1 sin  T2 sin N 
Ht : bnÞúkepþkTTwg ¬jÚtun¦
Wi : Ggát;pit© rbs;ExScmøg ¬m¦
S : Tm¶n;rbs;ExScmøgkñúgmYycenøaHbegÁal ¬m¦
g : kmøaMgTMnajEpndI ¬= 9/80665 m¼ S ¦ 2
T1, T1: kmøaMgepþkGtibrmasnµt;TaMgGs;rbs;ExScmøg ¬jÚtun¦

Hi : I ULaT½r ¬jÚtun¦/ [= 900 ¬jÚtun¼m2¦ x muxkat;GuIsULaT½r ¬m2¦]
bnÞúkénkmøaMgxül;elIsmÖar³Gus
HC : bnÞúkénkmøaMgxül;elIExScmøg = 680 ¬jÚtun¼m2¦
ө : muMepþk
391
tarag ES42 B bnÞúkénkmøaMgxül;
sm<aFxül;Edlman\T§iBlelIépÞcMeNalbBaÄr )a:sáal;¼1m2
EpñkénvtßúEdlrgkmøaMg sm<aFénxül;
ExScmøgGKiÁsnI nigExScmøgdéTeTot 680
eRKOgpSMénGIusULaT½r 900
* kmøaMgsm<aFénxül;kMNt;ykBIel,Ón 32m¼vinaTI dUckñúgtarag 4 C .

xül;
θ θ: muMepþk
T1 T2
tarag ES42 C karBnül;GMBImuMepþk
4 kmøaMgGtibrmasnµt;rbs;ExSbNþaj
4>1 bnÞúkEdlbegáIteLIgedayTm¶n;rbs;ExSGKÁisnI
bnÞúkEdlbegáIteLIgedayTm¶n;rbs;ExSGKÁisnI KWCakmøaMgkñúgTisedAbeNþay EdlKNnatam
rUbmnþ Rbhak;RbEhl dUcxageRkam ³ D[m]
T
WgS 2
T
8D
¬jÚtun¦ >>>>>>>>Bnül; 42-1
T : kmøaMgkñúgTisedAbeNþay ¬jÚtun¦
D : kNþk;rbs;ExScmøgGakas ¬m¦
W : Tm¶n;rbs;ExScmøgkñúgmYyÉkta ¬KILÚRkam¼m¦ S[m]
g : kmøaMgTMnajEpndI ¬= 9/80665 m¼ S ¦2
S : RbEvgrbs;ExScmøgrvagbegÁalmYyeTAbegÁalmYy ¬m¦ rUbPaB ES42 D karKNnakmøaMg
392
]TahrN_
= 2000 ¬jÚtun¦ WgS 2 1.0  9.8  482
 2,000N 
T
 T 
W = 1/0 ¬KILÚRkam¼m¦ 8T 8 1.4
2
g = 9/8 ¬m¼S ¦
S = 48 ¬m¦
D = 1>4 ¬m¦
4>2 bnÞúkepþkEdlbegáIteLIgedaykmøaMgxül;epþk
bnÞúkepþkEdlbegáIteLIgedaykmøaMgxül;epþkRtÚvKNnatamrUbmnþRbhak;RbEhldUcxageRkam ³
Wh  H i  H C  d  S  N 
Wh : bnÞúkepþk ¬jÚtun¦
d : muxkat;rbs;ExScmøgGakas ¬m¦
S‟ : Tm¶n;rbs;ExScmøgkñúgmYycenøaHbegÁal ¬m¦
g : kmøaMgTMnajEpndI ¬= 9/80665 m¼S ¦ 2
Hi : I ULaT½r ¬jÚtun¦/ [= 900 ¬jÚtun¼m2¦ x muxkat;GuIsULaT½r ¬m2¦]

bnÞúkénkmøaMgxül;elIsmÖar³Gus
HC : bnÞúkénkmøaMgxül;elIExScmøg = 680 ¬jÚtun¼m2¦
]TahrN_énkarKNnaTm¶n;rbs;ExScmøgkñúgmYycenøaHbegÁal
kñúgkrNI EdlbgðajkñúgrUbxagsþaMTm¶n;rbs;cenøaHén “begÁal B” RtÚvKNnadUcxageRkam ³
S 1  S 2 50  60
S    55[ m ]
2 2
begÁal A begÁal B begÁal C
S1=50[m] S2=60[m]
393
]TahrN_énkarKNnabnÞúkepþk
begÁal A begÁal B begÁal C
S1=48[m] S2=52[m]
rUbPaBBRgIk
d
MV Line (AAC150mm2×3wire,
Diameter d = 0.0168m)
ExScmøg
édExVg
GuIsULaT½rTajywt begÁalTRm
 manGuIsULaT½rcMnYn 3enAEpñksgxagénbegÁalTRm ¬srub 6¦
 muxkat;rbs;GuIsULaT½r 0/06 m2
S1  S 2 48  52
S    50 [ m ]
2 2
Wh  900N m 2  0.06 m 2  6  680N m 2  0.0168m  50m  3
= =
cMnYnGuIsULaT½ cMnYnExS
Number of wires
 Wk  324  1,714  2 ,038 N 
4>3 kmøaMgGtibrmasnµt;rbs;ExSbNþaj
kmøaMgGtibrmasnµt;rbs;ExSbNþaj EdlrYmmanbnÞúk ¬a¦ nig ¬b¦ RtÚvKNnatamrUbmnþ
xageRkam ³
 
kmøaMgGtibrmasnµt;rbs;ExSbNþaj = T  Wh = T  Wh 2 2
394
maRta 43 ³ Rtg;sVÚm:aT½rtg;süúgmFüm¼Tab
edIm,IkarBarCnTI3 kuM[qk;GKÁisnI EpñkmancrnþénRtg;sVÚm:aT½rtg;süúgmFüm¼Tab RtÚvEttemøIgnUvkMBs;
minticCag 5 Em:Rt BIdI . kñúgkrNIenH EpñkmancrnþrYmman bU‘suIg nigGuIsULaT½rrbs;Rtg;sVÚrm:aT½r .
5 Em:Rt b¤x<s;Cag
rUb ES43A ³ ]TahrN_kñúgkartemøIgRtg;sVÚm:aT½rtg;süúgmFüm¼Tab
K> rbgEdlsmRsbRtUvtemøIgCuMvijRtg;sVÚm:aT½rtg;süúgmFüm¼Tab EdlmnusSmingayRsYlnwgb:HBal;

ehIysBaØaRbugRby½tñ {eRKaHfñak;} RtUvelIkbgðaj . mü:agvijeTot EpñkbeBa©jePøIg
énRtg;sVÚm:aT½rtg;süúgmFüm¼Tab EdlminEbrcM RtUvtemøIgy:agNaEdlmnusSminGacgayRsYlnwg
b:³Bal; .
Danger
sBaØaRbugRby½tñ {eRKaHfñak;} RtUvbgðaj
rUb ES43B ³ ]TahrN_énsBaØaRbugRby½tñ {eRKaHfñak;}
395
maRta 44 ³ kartemøIgRtg;sVÚEckcay sRmab;RbB½n§ExSeTalcrnþRtLb;tamdI(SWER)
RbB½n§ExSeTalcrnþRtLb;tamdI(SWER)KWCarebobEckcayGKÁisnIEdleRbIExScmøgEtmYyCamYynwg
crnþRtLb;tamdI nigCarebobpÁt;pÁg;GKÁisnItamRbB½n§ExSeTalsRmab;tMbn;dac;RsyalEdlmantRmÚvkar
GKÁisnITab nigéføtemøIgtic . RbB½n§ExSeTalcrnþRtLb;tamdI Føab;TTYleCaKC½ykñúgkarpÁt;pÁg;GKÁisnI
kñúgtMbn;manRbCaCntic dUcenARbeTs jÚhSúIELn GURsþalI kaNada \NÐa eRbsuIl GaRhVúik
nigbNþaRbeTsGasuImYycMnYn . l½kçx½NÐmYycMnYnenAkñúgRbeyaKenHdUcCa er:suIsþg;dI
muxkat;rbs;ExS nigcrnþbnÞúkGnuBaØatGtibrma RtUv)anseRmcedayeyagtamsþg;darbs;RbeTs
GURsþalI nigjÚhSúIELn EdlRbkbedaybTBiesaFn_elIRbB½n§ExSeTalcrnþRtLb;tamdIenH .
⑤ ④
GuIsULg;Rtg;sVÚ ExSbNþajtg;süúgmFüm
I
]bkrN_Tb;crnþRcal hVúysuIbkat;pþac;
22kV ExSbNþajtg;süúgTab
230V
Rtg;sVÚ1hVa 230V
12.7kV/400V
①
③
①→ er:suIsþg;dIRtUvmantémø 5 Ω b¤TabCag
→ pøaksBaØahamXat;sRmab;rMlwkdl;CnTI3 RtUvtemøIgenACitcMNucExSdI
② → muxkat;rbs;ExSdIRtUv 15 mm b¤FMCag
2
→ ExSdIRtUvtemøIgkñúgbMBg;TIbC½r b¤manRbdab;karBarEdlmanKuNPaBGuIsULg; nigPaBFn;Rbhak;RbEhl

b¤x<s;Cag kñúgCeRmABI 75 s>m EpñkeRkamdI mkdl;km<s; 2 m EpñkelIdI
③ →ExSdIrbs;ExSbNþajtg;süúgmFüm nigExSdIrbs;ExSbNþajtg;süúgTabRtUvdac;edayELkBIKñaedIm,IrkSa
suvtßiPaBkñugRbB½n§ExSbNþajtg;süúgTab .
④ →crnþbnÞúkGnuBaØatGtibrmasRmab;crnþRtLb;tamdI KW 8 GMEBr .
⑤ →esoKVIRbB½n§ExSeTalcrnþRtLb;tamdI (SWER) RtUvpÁt;pÁg;BIRtg;sVÚmanrbuMBIr ¬Rtg;sVÚdac;BIeK¦ . ¬kar
P¢ab;pÞal;eTAehSNar:aT½r b¤karP¢ab;eTAExSbNþajtg;süúgx<s;edayRtg;sVÚeqH dac;xatminRtUv)an
GnuBaØateLIy .
rUbPaB ES44A KMnUsbMRBÜjRbB½n§ExSeTalcrnþRtlb;tamdI SWER ¬]TahrN¾¦_
396
RbB½n§ExSdIsRmab;RbB½n§ SWER
cm¶ayrvagExSdIsRmab;RbB½n§ SWER nigExSdIfñak; B RtÚvmanRbEvgminticCag 1Em:Rt
eLIy edIm,IrkSasuvtßiPaBénRbB½n§esoKVItg;süúgTab .
karhamXat;kareRbIR)as;RbB½n§ExSdIsRmab;RbB½n§ SWER rYmCamYynwgExSdIfñak; B
RbsinebIeKeRbIeGLicRtÚtrYmKñarvagRbB½n§ExSdIsRmab;RbB½n§ SWER nigExSdIfñak; B
tg;süúmFümGacqøgeTAesoKVItg;süúgTabkñúgkrNIGaRkk;NamYyekIteLIg . CalT§pl karxUcxatDIeGLic
RTIcnwgekItmanenAEpñkbnÞúktg;süúgTab BIeRBaHCaFmµta vaminmanPaBFn;DIeGLicRTIcRKb;RKan;edIm,ITb
nwgtg;süúgmFümeLIy .
)atuPUtenH bNþal[xUcxatbrikçaGKÁisnItg;süúgTab nigbNþal[qk;mnusS .
karRCabcUléntg;süúgmFüm
Rtg;sVÚrm:aT½r
rbuMdac;BIKña Rtg;sVÚrEckcay esoKVItg;süúgTab
25
KILÚv:ul
25 KILÚv:ul esoKVItg;süúgTab
esoKVItg;süúgmFüm karxUcDIeGLicRTIc
¬lkçxNÐFmµta¦ esoKVItg;süúgmFüm ¬crnþRCabeTA¦
¬bnÞab;BIDIeGLicRTIcxUc¦
rUbPaB ES44B karhamXat;kareRbIR)as;CaFmµtaRbB½n§ExSdIsRmab;RbB½n§ SWER nigExSdIfñak; B
1 KuNsm,tþi nigKuNvibtþiénkareRbIR)as;RbB½n§ExSeTalcrnþRtLb;tamdI (SWER)

RbB½n§ExSeTalcrnþRtLb;tamdI (SWER) manKuNsm,tþi nigKuNvibtþi dUcmanbgðajkñúgtarag
ES44A .
397
tarag ES44A ³ KuNsm,tþi nigKuNvibtþiénRbB½n§ExSeTalcrnþRtLb;tamdI (SWER)
KuNsm,tþi KuNvibtþi
① b:Utg;EsülCMhan nigb:tU g;Esülb:³ sRmab;
mnusS nigstV
① éføedImTab ②mankarMxankñúgExSbNþajKmnaKmn_CagRbB½n§bIhVa b¤
②gayRsYlsagsg;
RbB½n§eTalmanBIrhVa
③kat;bnßyéføEfrrkSa
③dg;suIetbnÞúkmankMNt;
④kat;bnßyeRKaHfñak;eday bushfire
④KµanlT§PaBpÁt;pÁg;GKÁisnIeTARbB½n§bIhVa
eCosvagkarb:³rvagExScmøg ⑤mankarFøak;tg;süúgx<s; niiglT§PaBpÁt;pÁgT; ab
⑥mankardac;GKÁisnICaerOy² ¬kñúgkrNIRbB½n§RbB½n§ExS
eTalcrnþRtLb;tamdI SWER ¦
¬KuNsm,tþi¦
→ ① éføedImTab/ ②gayRsYlsagsg;
edaysarRtUvkarExScmøgbnþicbnþÜc/ begÁal-Rkcab;bnþicbnþÜc/ kaMbitGakas nig]bkrN_karBar
bnþicbnþÜc
→ ③kat;bnßyéføEfrrkSa
edaysarmanEtExScmøgmYy nigédRTmYy . b:uEnþer:suIsþg;dIvalM)ak[mantémøTab sRmab;
suvtßiPaB dUecñHtRmUv[mankarRtYtBinitüer:suIsþg;dI .
→④kat;bnßyeRKaHfñak;eday bushfire edaysarBuMmankarb:³KñarvagExScmøg eTaHbICamanel,Ón
xül;xøaMgk¾eday . bu:EnþenAkm<úCa BuMmanel,Ónxül;xøaMgeT dUecñHGacmankarb:³KñarvagExScmøg
bnþicbnþÜc .
¬KuNvibtþi¦
→①b:Utg;EsülCMhan nigb:Utg;Esülb:³ sRmab;mnusS nigstV
enAkñúgRbB½n§RbB½n§ExSeTalcrnþRtLb;tamdI (SWER) b:Utg;EsülCMhan nigb:Utg;Esülb:³ekIt
manBIeRBaHcrnþqøgkat;eTAdIbNþal[tg;süúgxusKñarvagcMNucdI .
398
RbPB bnÞúk
crnþénesoKVIRtLb;
V smamaRteTAnwgcrnþesoKVIRtLb;
V∝I dUecñHcrnþbnÞúkrbs;RbB½n§
SWER dac;xatRtUvman
témø 8 GMEBr b¤ticCag
dUecñHeTIbminekIneLIgb:Utg;
EsülCMhan
nigb:Utg;Esülb:³ "V".
crnþénesoKVIRtLb; " I " V
rUbPaB ES44C ³ karBnül;GMBIbBaðab:Utg;EsülCMhan nigb:Utg;Esülb:³
tg;süúgCMhan nigtg;süúgb:³ eyagtamkarBnül;lMGitenAkñúgmaRta 23 én SREPTS
sRmab;meFüa)ayGKÁisnITaMgGs; .
→②mankarMxankñúgExSbNþajKmnaKmn_CagRbB½n§bIhVa b¤RbB½n§eTalmanBIrhVa
¬RbB½n§bIhVa-manbIExS¦

I a  I b  I c  0
RbsiT§iPaBeGLicRtUm:aej:Tic mantictYcBIeRBaHvuikT½rsrubrbs;
crnþEdlqøgkat;ExSRbEhlsUnü .
I a

I c I b
399
¬RbB½n§mYyhVamanBIrExS¦
 RbsiT§iPaBeGLicRtUm:aej:Tic
mantictYc BIeRBaH
I a  I b  0
vuikT½rsrubrbs;crnþEdlqøgkat;ExSRbEhlsUnü .
I a
I b
<SWER>
I a
I b
rUbPaB ES44D ³ kareRbobeFobrvagRbB½n§ SWER nigRbB½n§déTeTot

RbsiT§iPaBeGLicRtUm:aej:Tic mancMnYnFM edaysarcrnþExSbNþaj "Ia" . kñúgkrNIRbB½n§
SWER crnþ "Ib" Edlqøgkat;dIminGacTUTat;RbsiT§iPaBeGLicRtUm:aej:Tic "Ia" . dUecñHkarMxankñúg
ExSbNþajKmnaKmn_ edayRbB½n§ SWER F¶n;CagRbB½§nbIhVa b¤RbB½n§mYyhVamanBIrExS .
→③dg;suIetbnÞúkmankMNt;
RbsinbnÞúkénRbB½n§ SWER ekIneLIgenAeBlxagmux ehIycrnþRtLb;tamdIelIs 8 GMEBr caM)ac;RtUv
bþÚrExSbNþajmkCaRbB½n§BIrExSEdlRtUvcMNayeRcIn .
→④KµanlT§PaBpÁt;pÁg;GKÁisnIeTARbB½n§bIhVa
RbsinebItRmUv[maneRbIbnÞúkGKÁIsnI 3hVa dUcCam:asuInkinRsUv m:asuInbUmTwk m:asuInRtCak;xñatFM
CeNþIrynþ .l . caM)ac;RtUvbþÚvbNþajEckcaymkCaRbB½n§ 3hVa ExS3 EdlRtUvcMNayeRcIn.
400
→⑤mankarFøak;tg;süúgx<s; niiglT§PaBpÁt;pÁg;Tab
cab;taMgBIRbB½n§ SWER RtUv)aneRbIR)as;CaTUeTAenAkñúgtMbn;dac;Rsyal ExSbNþajRtUvmanRbEvgEvg
nigkar)at;bg;tg;süúgRtUvekIneLIg . kMhUcenAkñúgEpñkNamYyénExSbNþaj nwgbNþal[mankardac;
karpÁt;pÁg;GKÁisnIenAEpñkxageRkay .
→⑥ mankardac;GKÁisnICaerOy² ¬kñúgkrNIRbB½n§ExSeTalcrnþRtLb;tamdI SWER ¦
RbB½n§ExSeTalcrnþRtLb;tamdI SWER KWCaRbePTepSgKñamYyén SWER EdleRbIExSdI ¬ExSdI¦ enA
elIExSbBa¢ÚnenAelITVarcrnþGakas . edaysarExScmøgRtUv)antemøIgenaelIEpñkxagelIénExSbBa¢Ún
rnÞ³)aj;elIvaCaerOy² . CalT§plKWfa Rtg;sVÚEckcayRtUv)anxUcxat dUecñHehIykardac;GKÁisnI
RtUv)anekItmanCaerOy² .
ExSdI ¬ExSdI¦ rbs;ExSbBa¢Ún
22kV LV
25kV
rUbPaB ES44E ³ ]TahrN_énExSdIRbB½n§ SWER
RbB½n§ SWER manKuNvibtþieRcInEdlRtUvedaHRsay ehIyvaGacGnuvtþenAkñúgtMbn;Edlman

mnusSrs;enAq¶ayBItMbn;pÁt;pÁg;déT ehIytRmUvkareRbIR)as;minmankarekIneLIgx<s;sRmab;eBlGnaKt
eT . edIm,IKitKUrBIkartemøIgminRtwmEtéføtemøIgeT EtéføkñúgkaredaHRsaynUvKuNvibtþisRmab;kar
GPivDÆn_naeBlGnaKtenAkñúgtMbn; nigsuvtßiPaBsRmab;mnusS-stV k¾RtUv)ansikSaedayRbugRby½tñ
Edr .
401
]bkrN_karBarRtUvtemøIgsRmab;eKalbMNgdUcxageRkam³
kñúgkrNIEdlcrnþelIs b¤karqøgcrnþb:³dIekIteLIg]bkrN_karBarGacpþl;B’tmanGMBIkarekItman
kMhUc nigGackat;pþac;EpñkénkMhUc edIm,IkarBarbrikçaGKÁisnIdUcCa ExScmøg nigRtg;sVÚm:aT½r
BIkarxUcxat nigTb;sáat;nUveRKaHfñak;edayGKÁIP½y b¤eRKaHfñak;edayqk;GKÁisnI .
ExSdIkarBareRKaHfñak; kñúgkrNIEdlmanRCabcrnþGKÁisnI b¤P½nþRcLMP¢ab;ExSbNþajtg;süúg
mFüm nigTab .
]bkrN_karBarTb;sáat;nUvkMhUcTaMgLaydUcCakarxUcGIusULg;ExScmøgEdlbNþalmkBI
epøkbenÞar .
tarag ES45A ³ RbePT]bkrN_karBar
kmµvtßú RbePT]bkrN_karBar
ExSbNþajtg;süúg -crnþelIs³ DIsüúgT½rkarBarcrnþelIs
mFüm -karqøgb:³dI³ DIsüúgT½rkarBarkarqøgb:³dI
① Rtg;sVÚm:aT½rEckcay -crnþelIs³ hVúysuIb ¬)aEr:t¦
ExSbNþajtg;süúgTab -crnþelIs³ hVúysuIbtg;süúgTab
ExSGKÁisnIkñúgeKhdæan -crnþelIs³ hVúysuIb
-karP½nþRcLMP¢ab;ExSbNþajtg;süúgmFüm nigTab³ ExSdIfñak; B
② kargarP¢ab;ExSdI
-krNIxageRkA]bkrN_nigbrikça³ ExSdIfñak; B, C nig D
-RbtiviFankarTl;nwgepøkbenÞar³ ]bkrN_cab;crnþRcal
③ karkarBarrnÞ³ -karTb;sáat;karxUcxatsmÖar³ ³ GuIsULg;DIehVr:g;Esül
402
4 krNIelIkElgkñúgkartemøIgDIsg;T½rkarBarcrnþelIs
mintRmÚvtemøIgDIsSúgT½rkarBarcrnþelIs dUcCahVúysuIbenAelIExSdIénRbB½n§ExSdI b¤ExSNWt

énExSbNþajGKÁisnI .l. BIeRBaHenAeBlqøgcrnþb:HdIekIteLIg DIsSúgT½rkarBarcrnþelIsnwgkat;
pþac;crnþqøgb:HdI .
Rtg;sVÚrma:T½r ExSbNþajtg;süúgTab
L1
L2
L3
E
(2)
(1)
ExSdI
ExS>>>>>
(2) (3)
(2)
rUbPaB ES45A ³ krNIelIkElgkñúgkartemøIgDIsg;T½rkarBarcrnþelIs

¬1¦ ExSdIsRmab;kargarP¢ab;ExSdI
¬2¦ ExSNWténExSGKÁisnI . eTaHCay:agenHk¾eday DIsSúgT½rkarBarcrnþelIs
GacRtÚvtemøIgRbsinebI b:UlGKÁisnITaMgGs;RtÚvkat;pÁac;kñúgeBlCamYyKña .
¬3¦ ExSdIrbs;ExSGakastg;süúgTab EdlesoKVITaMgenaHRtÚv)anP¢ab;ExSdIfñak; x .
403
1 bBaØatiTUeTAsRmab;ExSbNþajEckcayGakastg;süúgmFüm nigtg;süúgTab
enAeBlEdlkMBs;énbNþajEckcayGakasRtUv)anBinitürYcral;ehIy RtUveTABicarNaelI
ktþadUcxageRkam ³
-eFVI[mansuvtßiPaBcMeBaHmnusS stV nigGaKar
-mineFVI[mankarraMgsÞHdl;kareFVIcracr
kMBs;bNþajEckcayGakasRtUv)aneKsMercyk (GREPTS) taml½kçx½NÐTUeTAEnsþg;da
bec¢keTsGKÁisnIkñúgRBHraCaNacRkkm<úCa ehIysþg;daenHKwvaRbiteRbonbnþic ebIeRbobeFobCamYysþg;da
RbeTsepSgeTot.
-LandwkTMnijF¶n;² ebIkbrjwkjab;elIpøÚv
-karyl;dwgGMBIeRKaHfñak;énGKÁisnI mantictYcebIeFobnwgRbeTsd¾éTeTot CaBiessenAtam
tMbn;CnbT
kMBs;bNþajEckcayGakastg;süúgmFüm nigtg;süúgTab KwmintUcCagtémøEdl)anpþl;kñúg
taragxageRkamdUcKñanwgmaRta 54 énl½kçx½NÐTUeTAEnsþg;dabec©keTsGKÁisnIkñúgRBHraCaNacRkkm<úCa .
tarag ES46A kMBs;Gb,brmaénbNþajEckcayGakastg;süúgmFüm nigtg;süúgTab
¬xñat ³ Em:Rt¦
tg;süúgmFüm
tg;süúgTab tMbn;TIRkug
tMbn;dé¾ TeTot
ExSkab ExSd¾éTeTot
pøÚvkat;TTwg 6/5 8/0 8/0 6/5
TIkEnøgd¾éTeTot 5/5 5/5 6/5 5/5
2 tMbn;dUcxageRkam RtUvrab;bBa©ÚleTAkñúgtMbn;TIRkug
eKalKMnitsMxan;tMbn;TIRkug nigtMbn;d¾éTeTot KWmansar³sMxan;Nas;sRmab;karerobcM
GKÁisnIPavUbnIykmµ[)anRtwmRtUv . müa:geTot mankarlM)aknwgkMNt;tMbn;TIRkug BIeRBaHminGac
kMNt;[dUcKñaTaMgGs; eRBaHTMhMTIRkug b¤TIRbCuMCnEtgEtpøas;bþÜr.
k>tMbn;
- TIRkugPñMeBj nigTIRkugd¾éTeTot
- TIrYmextþ
x>pøÚv
- pøÚvCati
404
- pøÚvextþeTAkan;tMbn;RBMEdn
3> ExScMlgEdlsßitkñúgkrNIdUcxageRkam minRtUv)ancat;Tukfa CaExSqøgkat;pøÚveLIy

cMeBaHpøÚvEdlmanyanynþqøgkat; kMBs;ExSqøgkat;TTwgpøÚvRtUv)anBicarNa nigsnµt;rYcral;
ehIy . dUecñHRbsinebIminmanyanynþebIkqøgkat;pøÚvenaHeT kMBs;ExSGb,brmabMeBaHpøÚvkat;TTwg
nwgminRtYvykmkGnuvtþeT . edaysnµt;famanExSbNþajGakasqøgkat;pøÚv nigkMBs;ExSbNþaj
Gakas sRmab;ExSd¾éTeTotKwRtUv)anykmkGnuvtþ .
4> karbn§ÚrbnßykMBs;rbs;ExSbNþajtg;süúgTab
bBaØatitémøRtUv)ansMercedayBicarNaBwgEp¥kelIl½kxç ½NÐTUeTA . edayELkmankarbn§Úrbnßy
xøH cMeBaHTIkEnøgEdlkMNt;CamYysßanPaBxøH . karelIkElgCak;EsþgnwgRtUv)anBicarNatam
sßanPaBxageRkam ³
1- enAtamtMbn;dUcCa dIkmµsiT§ÉkCnEdlKµanyanynþqøgkat;GnþraybNþalmkBIqk;ExSePøIg
EdlbgáreLIgedayeRKaHfñak;LanminekItmaneRcIneTcMeBaHtg;süúgTab . dUecñHkMBs;rbs;ExS
bNþajtg;süúgTabGacRtUv)aneKbn§Úrbnßy .
2-RbsinebIyanynþminGacqøgkat;elIpøÚvenHeT kMBs;ExS 6/5 Em:Rt KwvamincaM)ac;eT
kMBs;Gb,brmarbs;ExSbNþajtg;süúgTab Gacbn§ÚrbnßyrhUtdl;kMBs; 4 Em:Rt sRmab;
TIkEnøgEdlKµanpøÚv . RbsinebI yanynþminGacqøgkat;elIpøÚvenHeT ExSmincaM)ac;mankm<s; 6/5
Em:Rt eT . edayELk km<s;Gb,brmarbs;ExSbNþajtg;süúgTab Gacbn§Úrbnßy)anrhUtdl;km<s;
3 Em:Rt enAkñúgl½kçx½NÐdUcxageRkam ³
-Gñkkan;GaCJab½NÑEdlCam©as;ExSbNþajEckcayKWCaGñkkan;GaCJab½NÑtUcEdlsßitkñúgtMbn;mYy
eRkABItMbn;TIRkug
-GIusULg;rbs;ExScmøgRtUvEtsßitenAkñúgsßanPaBl¥
-Kµanyanynþ b¤reTHeKa qøgkat;BIeRkamExSbNþaj
PA
6.5m
5.5m 4.0m 3.0m
pøÚvkat;TTwg tamdgpøÚúv TIkEnøgEdlKµanpøÚv ¬krNIelIkelIg¦
rUbPaB ES46A kMBs;kMNt;rbs;ExStg;süúgTab

405
tarag ES46B karkMNt;km<s;ExStg;süúgTabenARbeTsmYycMnYn
TIkEnøgtemøIg km<úCa Cb:un Gaemrik bUtan; hÁana

(NESC***)
pøÚvqøgkat; 6/5 6/0 5/6 5/5 6/0
tampøÚv 5/5 5/5
epSg² 4/0 * 4/0 4/4 4/5 **** 5/0
tMbn;epSg²eTot
3/0 * 3/0 **
* elIkElgcMeBaHsþg;da
** elIkElgEts<anxagelI
** * elxkUdCati suvtißPaBGKÁisnI
**** tMélEdlpþl;cMeBaHExS ABC ¬ExSGakasRtkYj¦
maRtaTI 47 ³ KmøatrvagExSbNþajGakastg;süúgmFüm nigtg;süúgTab

nigvtßúd¾éTeTot
2 cenøaHrvagbNþajExSGakas nigpøÚv
l½kçx½NÐTYeTAénsþg;dabec©keTsGKiÁsnIkñúgRBHraCaNacRkkm<úCa bBaØatikMBs;ExSGakas nig

cenøaHrvagExSGakas nigvtßúd¾éTeTot .
enARbeTskm<úCa eyIgGacRbeTHeXIjmanbegÁalxøHRtUv)antemøIgelIdIEdlTabCagfñl; (rUbPaB
ES47A) .
pøÚv
rUbPaB ES47A
406
kñúgkrNIenH vaKwBitCaBi)akNas;kñúgkarsMercykcenøaHrvagbNþajGakas nigpøÚv edayeyag
taml½kçx½NÐTYeTAénsþg;dabec©keTsGKiÁsnIkñúgRBHraCaNacRkkm<úCa . dUecñH eyIgbgðajnUvesckþI
Bnül;GMBIbBaðaenHenAl½kçx½NÐlMGiténsþg;dabec©keTsGKiÁsnIkñúgRBHraCaNacRkkm<úCa .
dUcCaenAtampøÚvCati begÁalbNþajtRmUv[daMelIsBI 25Em:Rt eLIgeTA Kitcab;BIcMnuc

kNþalénRTUgpøÚvCati enHebIeyageTAtamRbkasEdlecjedayRksYgsaFarN³kar nigdwkCBa¢Ún .
maRta 48 ³ lkçN½enACitKañ nigkat;ExVgKña énExSbNaþjGakastg;süúgmFüm
nigtg;süúgTab
1 ExSbNþajtg;süúgmFümeRcIn
tarag ES48A cenøaHrvagExSbNþajtg;mFümBIr
RbePTExS ExSkab nigExSeRsab ExSkab nigExSkab epSg²
minticCag 0>5 m minticCag 0>5 m minticCag 2>0 m
rUbPaB
ExStg;süúgmFüm ExStg;süúgmFüm ExStg;süúgmFüm

minticCag0>5 m minticCag05m
minticCag 2>0 m
ExStg;süúgmFüm ExStg;süúgmFüm
ExStg;süúgmFüm
KmøatEdlticCag 1>5m Gac

GnuBaØat[eRbI)anEtcMBaHmeFüay)ay
GKÁisnIEdlmanRsab;rhUtdl;eBlEdl
407
meFüay)ayGKÁs i nIenaHRtUv)anEklMGfµI
b¤pøas;fµI RbsinebIKmøat 1>5m rvag
ExStg;süúgmFümminb:³Bal;dl;suvtßiPaB
mnusS stV nigedImeQI .
¬emIlmaRta 5 l½kçx½NÐTYeTAénsþg;da
bec©keTsGKiÁsnIkñúgRBHraCaNacRk
km<úCa¦ .
2 ExSbNþajtg;süúgmFüm nigtg;süúgTab
2.1 karrt;ExSbNþajtg;süúgmFüm nigtg;süúgTab
tameKalkarN¾ExSbNþajtg;süúgmFümminRtUvtemøIgenAeRkamExStg;süúgTabeT . RbsinebI
ExSbNþajtg;süúgmFüm GacrkSaRbEvgKmøattamExSedkminticCag3Em:Rt CamYynwgExStg;süúgTab
ehIyExSbNþajtg;süúgTab minGacdak;[b:H nwgExStg;süúgmFüm enAeBlEdlbegÁalExStg;süúg
TabdYlrlM eBlenaHl½kxç ½NxagelImin)ac;Gnuvtþn¾eLIy .
ExStg;süúgmFüm
3m
ExStg;süúgTab
H[m]
GactemøIgExS
tg;süúgmFüm
minGactemøIgExS
tg;süúgmFüm
H[m] : RbEvgkm<s;begÁalRTExSbNþajtg;süúgTab
rUbPaB ES48A ExSbNþajtg;süúgmFümtemøIgenAeRkamExStg;süúgTab
408
2>2 KMlatrvagExSbNaþjtg;süúgmFüm nigtg;süúgTab
tarag ES48B KMlatrvagbNaþjtg;süúgmFüm nigtg;süúgTab
RbePTExS ExSkab ExSeRsab ExSRsat

¬ExSkab¦ ¬ExSeRsam¦ ¬ExSRsat¦
minticCag minticCag
0>5 m 1>1 m minticCag
ExStg;süúgTab ExStg;süúgTab 2>0 m
ExStg;süúgTab
rUbPaB
2>3 kartemøIgExStg;süúgmFüm enAeRkamExStg;süúgTab

tameKalkarN¾ ExSbNþajtg;süúgmFümminRtUvGnuBaØati[temøIgenAeRkamExSbNþajtg;süúg
TabeT .
RbsinebI ExSbNþajtg;süúgmFümCaExSkab ehIycenøaHrvagExStg;süúgmFüm nigtg;süúgTab
manRbEvg 0.5m b¤EvgCagenH viFIenHvaminRtUv)anGnuvtþn¾eT .
409
ExStg;süúgTab
ExStg;süúgmFüm
¬ExSkab¦
ExStg;süúgTab
minticCag 0>5 m
ExStg;süúgmFüm ¬ExSkab¦
rUbPaB ES48B kartemøIgExStg;süúgmFümkat;eRkamExStg;süúgTab
3 ExSbNþajtg;süúgTabeRcIn
tarag ES48C cenøaHrvagExSbNþajtg;süúgTabBIr
RbePTExS ExSkab epSg²
minticCag 0>3 m minticCag 0>6 m
rUbPaB
ExSkab
410
4 ExSbNþajtg;süúgmFüm nigExSKmnaKmn_
4>1 kartemøIgExSbNþajtg;süúgmFüm nigExSkabTUrKmnaKmn_
tameKalkarN¾ ExSbNþajtg;süúgmFümminRtUvtemøIgenAeRkamExSkabTUrKmnaKmn_eT .
RbsinebIExSbNþajtg;süúgmFümGacrkSaRbEvgKMlattamExSminticCag 3Em:Rt CamYynwg
ExSbNþaj ehIyExSbNþajtg;süúgmFümminRtUvtemøIgenAeRkamExSbNþajtg;süúgTabeLIy enAeBl
EdlbegÁalExSKmnaKmn_dYlrlM viFIenHvamin)ac;Gnuvtþn¾eLIy .
ExStg;süúgmFüm
3m
ExSKmnaKmn_
H[m]
kEnøgExS MV
: minGnuBaØati[
temøIgExStg;süúgmFüm
H[m] RbEvgbegÁalRTtg;süúgTab
rUbPaB ES48C ExSbNþajtg;süúgmFümrt;enAeRkamExSTUrKmnaKm¾
4>2 KmøatrvagbNaþjtg;süúgmFüm nigExSkabTUrKmnaKm¾
tarag ES48D KmøatrvagbNaþjtg;süúgmFüm nigExSkabKmnaKm¾
RbePTExS ExSkab ExSeRsab ExSRsat
¬ExSkab¦ ¬ExSeRsam¦ ¬ExSRsat¦
minticCag minticCag
0>5 m 1>0 m minticCag
ExSKmnaKmn_ 2>0 m
ExSKmnaKmn_
ExSKmnaKmn_
rUbPaB
411
4>3 karrt;ExStg;süúgmFüm enAeRkamExSKmnaKmn_
tameKalkarN¾ ExStg;süúgmFümminRtUvGnuBaØati[temøIgenAeRkamExSTUrKmnaKm¾eT.
RbsinebI ExStg;süúgmFümCaExSkab ehIycenøaHrvagExStg;süúgmFüm nigExSkabTUrKmnaKm¾
man RbEvg 0.5m b¤EvgCagenH l½kçx½NÐxagelImin)ac;Gnuvtþn¾eLIy .
ExSKmnaKmn_
ExStg;süúgmFüm
¬ExSkab¦
ExSKmnaKmn_
minticCag 0>5 m
ExStg;süúgmFüm ¬ExSkab¦
rUbPaB ES48D kartemøIgExStg;süúgmFüm kat;eRkamExSKmnaKmn_
412
karBnül;lMGitsþg;dabec©keTsGKÁisnI
413
matika
CMBUk 1
esckþIepþIm
maRta 1 ³ niymn½y
maRta 2 ³ eKalbMNg
maRta 3 ³ visalPaB
CMBUk 2
l½kçx½NÐsRmab;meFüa)ay]NðGKÁisnIRKb;RbePT
maRta 8 ³ l½kçx½NÐTak;TgnwgeRbg\n§n³
414
CMBUk 3
l½kçx½NÐsRmab;meFüa)ayplitGKÁisnITYrb‘IncMhay
maRta 17 ³ meFüa)ayplitGKÁisnITYrb‘IncMhay
EpñkTI1
LcMhay
maRta 18 ³ l½kçx½NÐcMeBaHvtßúFatuénLcMhay nigeRKOgbnÞab;bnSMebs;va
maRta 19 ³ l½kçx½NÐcMeBaHrcnasm<½n§rbs;LcMhay nigeRKOgbnÞab;bnSMebs;va
maRta 20 ³ snÞHbiTebIksuvtßiPaBsRmab;qñaMg nigbMBg;rbs;LcMhay
maRta 23 ³ karRtÜtemIll½kçx½NÐdMeNIrkarrbs;LcMhay nigRbB½n§karBarsuvtßiPaB
nigpþl;sBaØa
EpñkTI2
TYrb‘IncMhay

maRta 25 ³ kMlaMgemkanicénrcnasm<½n§rbs;TYrb‘IncMhay nigeRKOgbnÞab;bnSMebs;va
maRta 26 ³ )a:dagrbs;TYrb‘IncMhay
maRta 27 ³ karRKb;RKgel,Ónrbs;TYrb‘IncMhay
maRta 28 ³ l½kçx½NÐpþl;sBaØa nigbBaÄb;TYrb‘InenARKaGasnñ
maRta 29 ³ karRtÜtemIll½kçx½NÐdMeNIrkarrbs;TYrb‘In
maRta 30 ³ karRtÜtBinitüsuvtßiPaBrbs;TYrb‘IncMhay nigeRKOgbnÞab;bnSMebs;va
415
CMBUk 4
l½kçx½NÐsRmab;meFüa)ayplitGKÁisnITYrb‘In]sµ½n
maRta 31 ³ meFüa)ayplitGKÁisnITYrb‘In]sµ½n
maRta 32 ³ l½kçx½NÐcMeBaHvtßúFatuénTYrb‘In]sµ½n nigeRKOgbnÞab;bnSMebs;va
maRta 33 ³ kMlaMgemkaniénrcnasm<½n§rbs;TYrb‘In]sµ½n nigeRKOgbnÞab;bnSMebs;va
maRta 34 ³ )a:dagrbs;TYrb‘In]sµ½n
maRta 36 ³ Rbdab;pþl;sBaØa nigbBaÄb;TYrb‘InRKaGasnñ
maRta 37 ³ RbB½n§RtÜtemIl nigRbB½n§pþl;sBaØa
maRta 38 ³ karRtÜtBinitüsuvtßiPaBrbs;TYrb‘In]sµ½n
maRta 39 ³ l½kçx½NÐsRmab;TYrb‘In]sµ½neRbIkMedAsl;mþgeTot
CMBUk 5
maRta 47 ³ RbB½n§RtÜtemIl nigpþl;sBaØa
416
CMBUk 6
CMBUk 7
Gnþrb,BaØtþi

maRta 55 ³ suvtßiPaBcMeBaHGñkTI3
maRta 59 ³ karbNþúHbNþalEpñkbec©keTs nigsuvtßiPaB
417
CMBUk 1
esckþIepþIm
418
maRta 1-> niymn½y
maRta 2-> eKalbMNg
maRta 3-> visalPaB
maRta 4-> sþg;daEdlRtÚveKarBtam
<IEC>
KNkmµkarGnþrCatibec©keTsGKÁs i nI (IEC) KWCaGgÁkarsþg;daGnþrCatielIEpñkGKÁisnI nigeGLikRtUnik
EdlTak;Tgnwgbec©kviTüa . sþg;daxøH)anbegáIteLIgrYmKñaCamYyGgákarGnþrCatisRmab;kargarsþg;da (ISO) .
KNkmµkarGnþrCatibec©keTsGKÁs i nIi (IEC) )anRkesabEpñkTaMgGs;énbec©kviTüaGKÁisnI edayrab;
bBa©ÚlTaMgkarplitfamBl nigEpñkEckcayfamBl eGLikRtUnik m:aej:Tik nigeGLikRtUm:aej:Tik
eGLikRtUGak;KUsikÞ karpSBVpSayB’tman nigTUrKmnaKmn_ k¾dUcCak,Ünc,ab;TeU TA dUcCaRbCuMs½BÞbec©keTs
nignimitþsBaØa PaBRtUvKñaéneGLikRtUm:aej:Tik karvas;Evg nigkarGnuvtþn_ PaBTukcitþ)an karerobcM
nigGPivDÆn_ suvtßiPaB nigbrisßan .
bc©bú ,nñKNkmµkarGnþrCatibec©keTsGKÁsi nI (IEC) KWCaGgÁkarGnþrCatiQanmuxenAelIBiPBelakenAkñúg
Epñk nigsþg;darrbs;xnøÜ EdlRtUv)anGnum½tCasþg;daCatiedaysmaCikrbs;xnøÜ . kic©karenH RtUv)aneFVI
eLIgedayGñkCMnajEpñkGKÁsi nI nigEpñkeGLikRtUnik Cag10/000 nak; EdlmkBI]sSahkmµ rdæaPi)al
bNÐti sPa TIBiesaFn_ nigEpñkepSg²eTotEdlmansar³RbeyaCn_enAkñgú eKalbMNgenH.
<ISO>
GgákarGnþrCatisRmab;kargarsþg;da (ISO) KWCaGgákarEdlkMNt;sþg;daGnþrCati begátI eLIgeday
tMNagmkBIGgákarsþg;daCati . GgÁkarenH)anbegátI enAéf¶T2I 3 ExkumÖ³ qñaM1947 sRmab;begáItnUv
sþg;da]sSahkmµ nigesdækci ©enAelIBiPBelak EdlehAfa GgákarGnþrCatisRmab;kargarsþg;da (ISO) .
eBlEdlGgákarGnþrCatisRmab;kargarsþg;da (ISO) kMNt;xøÜnÉgfaCaGgÁkareRkArdæaPi)al (NGO)
mansmtßPaBbegátI sþg;da EdlCaerOy²)ankøayCac,ab;tamsT§isBaØa b¤sþg;daCatieFVI[kan;Etman
GMNacCagGgÁkareRkArdæaPi)alÉeTot nigkñúgkarGnuvtþskmµPaBCashKmn_EdlmanTMnak;TnM gy:agxøaMgCa
mYyrdæaPi)al . GñkcUlrYmTaMgGs;rYmbBa©lÚ TaMgkarshkrN_sMxan;²TaMgLay b¤y:agehacNas;
manGgÁkarsþg;damYymkBIRbeTsCasmaCiknImYy² .
GgákarGnþrCatisRmab;kargarsþg;da (ISO) shkarN_ya: gCitsñiTC§ amYyKNkmµkarGnþrCatibec©keTs
GKÁs
i nI (IEC) EdlTTYlxusRtUvkargarsþg;daelIEpñkbrikçaGKÁisnI .
419
rUbPaB ES4A nimitþsBaØarbs;GgákarGnþrCatisRmab;kargarsþg;da
420
CMBUk 2
l½kçx½NÐsRmab;
meFüa)ay]NðGKÁisnIRKb;RbePT
421
maRta 6 ³ karbgáarPynþraybNþalmkBImeFüa)ayGKÁisnI
karhamXat;temøgI Rbdab;kat;pþac;eRbIeRbg
RbsinebImankarqøgcrnþekIteLIgenAkñgú Rbdab;kat;pþac; Rbdab;pþac; b¤DIsg;Tr½ EdltemøgI enAelI
begÁalRTénExSbNþajGKÁisnIGakas edaysarrnÞH)aj; nigbBaðaepSg² karP½yxøacedaysarkarpÞHú eRbg
EdleKeRbICaGuIsULg; ehIybNþal[maneRKaHfñak;dl;CnTI3 b¤GKarepSg² .
dUecñHRbdab;kat;pþac; Rbdab;pþac; b¤DIsg;Tr½ EdleRbIeRbgCaGus
I LU g;minGnuBaØat[temøIgenAelIbegÁalRT
énExSbNþajGKÁisnIGakaseLIy .
Rbdab;kat;pþac;EdltemøgI enAelIbegÁalRTénExSbNþajGKÁisnIGakas eRbIsuBaØakas eRbIxül;
b¤eRbIhaÁ s ¬SF6¦ PaKeRcInRtÚv)anGnum½t[eRbI .
Gñkkan;GaCJab½NÑmankatBVkic©pÁt;pÁg;GKÁs i nICnU GtifiCnrbs;xnøÜ [manesßrPaB . mü:ageTotGñkkan;
GaCJab½NÑKYrBicarNaCaBiess nigRbúgRby½tGñ MBIsuvtßPi aBnieyaCit RBmTaMgbuKÁlTI 3 pgEdr .
kñúgmaRtaenHTamTar[manviFankarN_svu tßiPaBsRmab;bgáareRKaHfñak;dl;nieyaCitrbs;BYkeK .
maneRKaHfñak;CaeRcInEdlekIteLIgTak;TgnwgmeFüa)ayGKÁisnI dUcCameFüa)ayplitGKÁs i nI sßanIy_
EbgEck . ]TahrN_ dUcCa ³
- TYrb‘Ín nigm:asuInEdlCaEpñkvil nigmanclna
- ehSenerT½r¬m:asunI plitGKÁisnI¦ Rtg;sÚV ]bkrN_kat;pþac; .l. EdlCaEpñkTTYlrgb:Utg;Esül
GKÁsi nIGacmaneRKaHfñak;dl;mnusS .
- sßanIy_varIGKÁisnIEdlmanEpñksMNg;siuvilFM²CaeRcIn ehIyRtÚveFVkI arkarBarku[M Føak;bKu Álik
bMerIkargar .
- Gacmanrn§mYycMnYnenAelIkMral\dækgñú eBlEfTaM nigsagsg; .
dUc)ankt;smÁas;xagelI Gñkkan;GaCJab½NÑRtÚvEtykcitþTukdak;eTAelIbBaðasuvtßiPaBrbs;nieyaCit
rbs;xnøÜ . vamansar³sMxan;Nas; edayminRtwmEteFVIrbg eFVIKrM b nigeFVIkarkarBarepSg² elI
meFüa)ayGKÁs i nIbu:eNÑaHeT bu:Enþk¾RtÚveFVkI arbNþúHbNþalnieyaCitrbs;xnøÜ GMBIsvu tßiPaB nigbegátI nUvnItiviFI
sþIBsI vu tßiPaBeFVkI argar .
maRta 7 H suvtßiPaBcMeBaHCnTI 3
maRtaTI11 énlkç½NTYeTAénsþg;dabec©keTsGKÁs i nIEcgGMBI " suvtßiPaBcMeBaHCnTI3 " KWCa
viFankard¾smRsbmYy EdlRtUvRbkan;yk dUcenHCnTI3minGaccUlkñgú eragcRkGKÁs i nI Gnusaß nIy¾
b¤bnÞb;ePøgI nigsßanIys
¾ rM ab;P¢ab; nigpþac;crnþGKÁs
i nI)aneT.
422
m:üageTotk_mni RtUvGnuBaØatþei GayGñkKµanParkic©cUlkñgú eragcRkGKÁs i nI GnusßanIy_ b¤bnÞb;ePøgI nig
sßanIys_ Rmab;P¢ab; nigpþac;crnþGKÁs i nIpgEdr .l. enATIkEnøgEdlrgb:Utg;EsülGKÁs i nI EdlbNþal
[maneRKaHfñak;BIkarqk;GKÁs i nIGacekItman ehIyk¾CaehtuEdlbNþalman\TæBi ldl;RbB½nfæ amBl
GKÁs
i nI . dUecñHRtUveFVIrbg b¤CB¢aMgB½TCæ vMu ji edImI,kMueGayRbCaCncUl. RbeyaKenH)anbgðajGMBIkBM s;rbg
nigkRmitKnøatrvagrbg nigEpñkEdlrgb:Utg;EsülGKÁs i nI . témøTaMgGs;enH eyagtameKalkarmUldæan
rbs; IEC 61936-1
m:üageTotRtUvdak;bEnßmnUvpøaksBaØaeRKaHfñak;eTAelImeFüa)ayGKÁisnItg;súüu gx<s; nigtg;súüu gmFüm
edaymeFüa)ayTaMgenHnwgbgáreRKaHfñak;dl;mnusS eRkABIbuKÁlki bMeBjkargar nigRtUvcak;KnwHø emkanic
karBarsmRsb edImI,kMueGayGñkKµanPar³kic©gayRsYlcUlkñúgtMbn;RbtibtiþkarGKÁs i nI .
eTaHCaEbbNak¾eday enAeBlEdlmanRcaMgfµecaT b¤RbLayEdlRbCaCnminGaccUl. l.
krNIenHmincaM)ac; eFVIrbg b¤CBa¢aMgeT .
tarag ES7A
KmøatExSGb,brmaeTAdI
tg;süúgNUmINal; [kV] KmøatRBMEdn [mm]
nigGus
I ULaT½r N[mm]
22
160kV rw ticCag CBa¢aMg 1,10
115 N+1,000
eRcInCag 160kV
rbg
230 N+1,500 1,900
423
]TahrN_énExSbNþaj 115kV
ExSbNþajGakas
→ eyagtammaRta {kMBs;ExSbNþajGakastg;süúgx<s;}
KmøatRBMEdn EpñkmanGKÁisnI
2600mm b¤eRcInCag
rbg
kMBs;rbg
1800mm b¤eRcInCag
EpñFigure
kxageRkAES8A Epñkxagkñ
Boundary úg
Clearance (Example for 115kV)
rUb ES7A KmøatRBMEdn ¬]TahrN_ sRmab; 115 KILÚv:ul¦
maRtaTI 8 ³ lkçx½NÐTak;TgnwgeRbg\næn³
1- kareRbIeRbg\næn³ nigsarFatuKImIenAkñúgeragcRkGKÁisnI
1>1 B‘¾tmansMxan;²BIeRbg\næn³sRmab;eragcRk]NðGKÁs i nI
manvtßúFatueRKaHfñak;CaeRcInRbePT EdleRbIenAkñgú eragcRk]NðGKÁs
i nI . CaFmµta]bTÞeveht
uEtgekIteLIgCajwkjab;edayvtßúFatueRKaHfñak;enaHmancMnYneRcIn b¤]bkN_RbePTepSg²eTot . dUecñHvaman
sar³sMxan;Nas;kñúgkarkarBar]bTÞevehtuTaMgGs;EdlbgáedayvtßúFatueRKaHfñak;.
1>1>1 haniP½ybgáedayvtßúFatueu RKaHfñak;
vtßúFatueRKaHfñak;nImYy²mankarbBa¢ak;BIlkçN³vinicy
ä½ EdlTak;TghaniP½y . vtßúFatuxHø gayePøgI eqH
xøHecjCaGNþatePøgI enAkñúgl½kçx½NÐBiessmYy xøHpÞúHbgá[rlakEs,k bgáeRcHsIu nigvtßúFatuepSgeTot
begátI CaCMgWenAeBldkdegðImcUl .
424
buKÁlikeFVkI arenAeragcRk]NðGKÁsi nIRtUvyl;dwgBIhanIP½yCayfaRbePTEdlTak;TgnwgvtßúFatueRKaH
fñak;. BYkeKRtUveronBI;rebobeRbIR)as; nigkarsþkú Tuk b¤kan;vtßúFatuTaMgenaH CaBiessRtUvmancitGþ Mnt;
cMeBaHhaniPy ½ TaMgenaH . RtUvsÁal;BIvFi Isa®sþkarBareRKaHmhnþray nigviFIse®gÁaHbnÞan; ehIykar
Gb;rMRtUvbeRgondl;buKlÁ ikEdlCab;Bak;Bn½ § .
1>1>2- karENnaMTUeTA
1- bBaðaTUeTA
k- RtUvEsVgyl;BIbTbBa¢aépÞkñúg nigkargartamEbbrdæ)almunnwgeRbIR)as;vtßúFatueRKaHfañk;.
x- buKÁlikRKb;RKg b¤eRbIR)as;RtUvmanlkçN³sm,tþiRKb;RKan;sRmab;beM Bjkargar ehIyRtUv
Gb;rM nigbNþHú bNþalsRmab;kargarenH .
K- karRKb;RKgsþg;dalMGti nItiviFI nigkarsikSaGb;rM RtUv)ankMNt;sRmab;eRbIR)as;vtßúFatu
eRKaHfañk; .
X- RtUvRbugRby½tñCamuncMeBaHkarEfTaM nigkarRtYtBinitükargarmuneBleRbIR)as; nigkMBugeRbIR)as;
vtßúFatueRKaHfañk; .
2- karsþúk
k- meFüa)aysþkú Tuk nigbMBg;vtßúFatueRKaHfañk;RtUvFana nigGacTTYlyk)ansRmab;súþk
eRbg\n§n³ .
x- vtßúFatueRKaHfañk;EdlrkSaTukkñúgmeFüa)aysþkú RtUvdak;pøaksBaØa[c,as;EdlGac[CnTI3
dwgBIl,aymaneRKaHfñak; nigpøaksBaØaRby½tñeRKaHfñak; .
K- RtUvmanviFIkarBarkM[u CnTI3cUlkñúgkEnøgsþúkTukvtßúFatueRKaHfñak; b¤b:HBal;vtßúFatuTaMgenaH.
]TahrN_³ karBüÜrpøaksBaØaRby½teñ RKaHfñak; nigcak;esar .
X- RtUvmanRbdab;Bnøt;GKÁiP½ysRmab;eRbIR)as;CamYyvtßúFatueRKaHfñak; .
g- RtUverobcMTItaMgsþúkTuk nigEfrkSa[)anRtwmRtUvedIm,IgayRsYleFVkI argar nigmansuvtßiPaB.
]TahrN_³ ]bkrN_bPM øW kEnøgeFVkI ar kRmal .l.
3- kardwkCBa¢Ún
k-RtUveRbIR)as;yanynþ nigmeFüa)aydwkCBa¢Únnana EdlGacFanasuvtßiPaBsRmab;dwkCBa¢Ún
vtßúFatueRKaHfñak; .
x- RtUvmanbuKÁlki TTYlbnÞkú nigXøaMemIlkardwkCBa¢Ún .
K-TItaMg nigeBlevlanaMvtßúFatueRKaHfñak; ecj-cUl RtÚvRtYtBinitü nigmanTinñny ½ c,as;las;.
X- RtUvbMBak;brikça nig]bkrN_karBar[)anRtwmRtUvtamRbePTvtßúFatueRKaHfñak;nImYy² munnwg
eFVIkardwkCBa¢Ún .
g- RtUvmanbriyakaskargar[)anRtwmRtUv . ]TahrN_³ ]bkrN_bMPøW kEnøgeFVkI ar nigbrikça
eRbIR)as; .
425
c- RKb;vtßúFatueRKaHfñak;RtUvmanpøaksBaØaRby½tñeRKaHfñak; nigRby½teñ PøgI eqH .
q- RtUvbMBak;RbB½np§ þl;sBaØaGasnñ nigRbdab;Bnøt;GKÁPi ½yenATItaMgenaH .
C- GñkRbtibtþikar nignieyaCikRtUvyl;dwgBInItiviFI muncab;epþmI eRbIR)as;vtßúFatuTaMgenaH ehIy
nItiviFIenHRsbtamsþg;daRtwmRtÚv nigtamtRmUvkar .
1>1>3-kareRCIserIsRbdab;Bnøt;GKÁPi ½y
RtUveRCIserIsRbdab;BnøtG; KÁiP½ytamRbePTedIm,I[manRbsiT§Pi aBBnøt;GKÁPI ½y
k- kMcat;ecalvtßúFatugayeqH
x- eFVI[manbnßykemþAy:agxøaMg ¬\TæBi lRtCak;¦
K- karbMEbkecjBIGku sIEu hSn ¬\TæiBlbMEbk¦
X- kat;cMNgRbtikmµ ¬\TæiBlRbtikmµ¦
1>2 eRbgexµA
1>2>1- lkçN³rUb
TRmg;xageRkA BN’ BN’etñatcas;
dg;sIuet
o
g/cm3 (at 15 C ) 0.82-1.00
brimaNkMedA kJ/kgK (kcal/kg) 41.86-46.059(10,000-

11,000)
cMnuceqH
o
C 250-410
kMedACak;Esþg kJ/kgK (kcal/kg oC ) 1.88 (0.45)
cMnucBuH
o
C >150
1>2>2 lkçN³KImI
k- cMehH
eRbgexµAmanpSMeLIgBICatikabUn 90% nigGIRu dUEhün 10 % . vaeqHxøaMgenAkñgú xül; .
x- kargayeqH
eRbgexµAcat;Tku dUcCaeRbg\n§n³EdlcMnuceqHrbs;vaenAsIutuNðPaB 60 oC b¤k¾eRcInCagenHEdlx<s;
CagkemþAFmµtaenAkñúgbnÞb; . dUecñHvaminGaceqHkñúglkçN³sItuNðPaBFmµtaeT .
K- beBaäH
eRbgexµAGaceqH)anBI 250 oC dl; 410 oC . eTaHbIKµanRbPBbeBaäHenAkñgú xül;k¾edayk¾va
GaceqH)an enAeBlEdlsItuNðPaBenACMvu ji ekIneLIgdl;kMritBI 250 oC dl; 410 oC b¤elIs
BIenH .
X- PaBpÞHú
eRbgexµAminsUvpÞHú dUceRbgm:as‘tU eT edaysarcMnucBuHrbs;vax<s;Cag nigvaminsUvehIreT .
426
1>2>3 viFIskþú ¬eRbgexµA nigeRbgm:as‘tU ¦
1- karRbugRby½tñCaTUeTA
k- RtUvdak;pøaksBaØa[)anc,as;elImeFüa)aypÞkú eRbgexµA nigeRbgm:as‘tU ¬elIFugeRbg b¤Xaø Mg¦ .
x- hamcUlCnTI3 cUlCitmeFüa)aypÞkú eRbgexµA nigeRbgm:as‘UtedayKµankarGnuBaØatCapøÚvkar .
2- FugeRbg
k- Tuyeyaecj-cUl nigbrikçasuvtßiPaBepSg²eTotRtUvbMBak;elIFugeRbg .
x- v:anemrbs;FugeRbgRtUvbitCanic© elIkElgEteRbgRtÚvepÞreTATItaMgepSg .
K- RtUvbMBak;Rbdab;Bnøt;GKÁIP½y b¤FugGKÁPI ½yenACitFugeRbg .
X- Fugsþúk bMBg;eRbg naLikavas;eRbg naLikakemþA nigbMBg;ecjcUlRtUvBinitü[)anjwkjab;
edIm,IkarBarkM[u eRbgelc b¤Føay .
g- RtUveFVIrbgB½n§CuvM ijFugeRbg . bMBg;bgðÚreRbgRtUvbitCit . RtUvmanbMBg;bgðÚrTwkecjBI
Fugsþkú eRbg sRmab;trM UvkareRbIR)as;mþgmáal.
c- RtUvRtYtBinitücMnYn ¬kMrit¦ eRbgexµAenAkñúgFugsþúkCaRbcaM .
3- XøaMgsþúk
k- enACMvu ji XøaMgsþkú eRbgRtUvbMBak;]bkrN_Bnøt;GKÁIP½y .
x- minRtUvmanePøgI ¼eRbIR)as;eRKOgeqHenACMvu ji b¤kñúgXøaMgsþúkeRbgeT .
K-kñúgXøaMgsþúkeRbgRtUvrkSa[s¥at. minRtUvmaneRKOgeqH b¤vtßúmni caM)ac;enAxagkñgú XøaMgsþkú eRbgeT.
X- RtUvBinitüedayeTogTat;nUvRbB½ne§ PrvsBaØa ExSdI nig]bkrN_Bnøt;GKÁPi ½y .
g- RtUvRtYtBinitücMnYn ¬kMrit¦ eRbgEdlXøaMgsþúkCaRbcaM .
1>3- eRbgm:as‘Út ¬eRbgedüEhSl¦
1>3>1- lkçN³rUb¬physical¦
TRmg;xageRkA BN’ vtßúravføaBN’elOg
køni køni dUceRbg\næn³
dg;suIet g/cm3 (at 15 oC ) 0.80-0.89
brimaNkMedA kJ/kg (kcal/kg) 46.05(10,000-11,000)
cMnuceqH
o
C 240
cMnucBuH
o
C 145-390
427
1>3>2 lkçN³KImI
k- cMehH
eRbgm;as‘ÚtmanpSMeLIgBICatikabUnhayRdid nigmancMehHx<sk; ñúgxül; .
x- PaBgayeqH
eRbgm:as‘tU cat;Tku dUcCaeRbg\n§n³EdlcMnuccMehHrbs;vaenAsItu N u ðPaB 50 oC b¤k¾eRcIn
CagenH . kareqHrbs;vaTabCageRbgsaMg nigeRbgkat .
cMNaM³ eRbgm:as‘tU GaceqH enAeBlvamansPaBCaEpSg b¤cMhayenAkñgú xül; fVtI ,itEtkemþAmYyTab
CagcMNcu kemþAeqH .
K- beBaäH
eRbgm:as‘tU GaceqHenAkMrit 240 oC. fVtI ,itEtKµanRbPBpáaePøgI enAkñgú xül;vaGaceqHenAkemþA
240 oC b¤sItuNðPaBelIsBIenH .
X- PaBpÞHú
smasFatupSMrbs;eRbgm:as‘tU CamYycMhay nigxül; GacbgáCa]sµn½ pÞúHRbsinebIsmasFatu
rbs;vapSMeLIgBI 1-7 % ¬énmaD¦ . PaBpÞHú rbs;vaTabCageRbgsaMg edaysarcMnucBuHrbs;va
x<s;CageRbgsaMg ehIyPaBehIr b¤htY rbs;vaticCageRbgsaMg .
1>4 ]sµn½ FmµCatirav ¬LNG¦
]sµn½ FmµCati KWCaeRKOgeqHmYyEdlpSMeLIgBIemtanplitecjBIeRkamdI .
]sµn½ FmµCatirav KWCavtßúKaµ nBN’ cMraj;BIs½nµ FmµCati nigeFVI[eTACavtßúrav .
1>4>1 lkçN³rUb
0 oC ]sµn½
sPaB
¬-162 o
C ¦ GgÁFaturav
TRmg;xageRkA BN’ GgÁFatuføaKµanBN’
]sµn½ FmµCatirav Kµankøin
køni
¬]sµn½ FmµCati¦ køni dUceRbg\næn³
cMNaM³ 1-]sµn½ FmµCatikñúgsPaBCa]sµn½ RsalCagxül;sÜt¶ enAsItN u ðPaBeRkam-113 oC .
2-]sµn½ FmµCatirav enAeBlkøayCacMhaymaDrbs;vaekIneLIg ¬RbEhlCa 600dg¦
1>4>2 lkçN³KImI
k- cMehH
]sµn½ FmµCatieqHl¥enAkñúgxül; nigbegátI CaGNþatePøgI d¾ekþA . cMehHbegáIt)anCaTwk nigkabUn
DIGku sItu .
428
x- PaBgayeqH
]sµn½ FmµCati KWCa]sµ½nenAsItuNðPaBFmµta nigmancMnuccMehHTabbMput. ]sµn½ FmµCati
gayqabeqHbMputedaysarGNþatePøgI nigpáaePøgI GKÁisnI .
K- beBaäH
]sµn½ FmµCatiGaceqHenAkMritkemþA 500oC . eTaHbIKµanpáaePøIgenAkñúgxül; b¤GuksIuEhSnk¾eday
vaGaceqH RbsinebIstI N u ðPaBekIndl;kMNt; b¤elIsBIenH .
X- PaBpÞHú
karpÞúHrbs;]sµn½ FmµCatiTabCagkMritkMNt; 5%. dUecñHvaGacpÞúH eTaHbImanbrimaNelc
tictYck¾eday .
1>4>3- viFIENnaMskþú eRbg
1- meFüa)aysþkú RtUvtemøIg[mancm¶ayq¶ayRKb;RKan;BIkariyal½ybuKÁlik b¤k¾eragCag .

RtUvman viFIkarBar nighamCnTI3cUlkñúgtMbn;manmeFüa)aysþkú ]sµ½n edayKµankar
GnuBaØatCapøÚvkar.
2- RtUvdak;pøaksBaØa ]sµn½ FmµCatirav EdlGacemIleXIjc,as;enACab;nwgmeFüa)aysþúk .
3- minRtUvmanePøgI enACitmeFüa)aysþúk]sµn½ b¤ecalvtßúEdleqH dUcCaeRbg eRbgsaMg
nigexaGav¬RkNat;¦ enAtMbn;skþú ]sµn½ .
4- RtUvbMBak;Rbdab;Bnøt;GKÁPi ½yenACitmeFüa)aysþkú ]sµn½ ¬]sµn½ hayRdatkabUnnik
nigsarFatuKImI s¶Üt¦ .
5- meFüa)aysþkú ]sµn½ RtUvtemøIgenAtMbn;Edlmanxül;bk; .
6- RtUveRtom]bkrN_karBardUcCa mYk eRsaméd m:as;xül;sRmab;eRbIR)as;bnÞan;enAkEnøg
sþúk]sµn½ .
7- meFüa)ayGKÁisnIRtUvCa]bkrN_karBarqøgcrnþ ¬rYmTaMgGMBUlePøIg¦ enAtMbn;súþk]sµ½n . RKb;
meFüa)ay nig]bkrN¾GKÁs i nIRtUvbMBak;ExSdI .
429
8- RtUvtemøIgRbB½n§ePrvsBaØa nigRbdab;pþl;sBaØakEnøgmanRCab]sµ½n nigkEnøgman]sµn½ .
9- RtUvdak;pøaksBaØasresrCaGkSrBN’Rkhm ]sµn½ FmµCatirav elImeFüa)aysþúk]sµn½
edIm,IgayRsYlemIl .
10- brimaNsþkú minRtÚv[elIsBI 90% énsmtßPaBFugsþúk .
11- RtUvtemøIgv:al;suvtßiPaB Rbdab;EksRmYlsm<aF m:aNUEm:Rt Rbdab;vas;kMedA
Rbdab;vas;km<s;vtßúrav nigRbB½n§TwksRmab;[RtCak;enAmeFüa)aysþkú ]sµ½n .
12- RbB½nb§ Ti RKamanGasnñRtUvtemøIgenARckecjcUlFugsþúk]sµn½ .
13- muneBllagsMGat b¤CYsCulFug ]sµn½ FmµCatiravenAkñúgFugsþúk nigbMBg;]sµ½nRtUvpøas;bþÚr
edayTwk b¤]sµn½ nIRdÚEhSn rYcCamYynwgxül; edIm,IFanafal,ayGuksIuEhSn RtwmRtUv .
1> l½kçx½NÐeKarBtamsþg;dabrisßan
mankareRbIBaküBiessCaeRcInRtÚv)aneRbIR)as;sRmab;bkargarbrisßan . edIm,ImanPaBgayRsÜl
kñúgkarBiPakSaKñaGMBIkarkarBarbrisßan kareRbIBaküsMxan;² RtÚv)andkRsg;ecj nigEcgdUcxageRkam ³
¬1¦ briyakas
karlagsMGat
)atuPUtEdlsayPayhÁas bgákarrMxany:agxøaMgedaysarxül;bk;eTAtamPaBxusKñaénsm<aF
énGakasFatuenAEpñkxageRkayénGKar b¤bMBg;EpSg .
nIRtÚEhSnGuksuIt (NOx ¦
RbePTénnIRtÚEhSnGuksutI EdlbegátI eLIgedaysardMeNIrkaréncMehH . NO nig]sµn½ kabUnic
¬NO2¦ mansarFatunIRtÚEhSnGuksutI eRcIn ¬NOx¦ . CaTUeTA nIRtÚEhSnGuksutI RtÚv)an
EbgEckCa : nIRtÚEhSnGuksutI ]Nð : EdlekIteLIg enAeBlnIRtÚEhSnkñgú xül;cUlKñaCamYy
GuksuIEhSn kMLgú eBlmancMehHkñgú Gakas nig : nIRtÚEhSnGuksutI \n§n³ : EdlekIteLIg
enAeBlnIRtÚEhSnGuksutI enAkñgú \n§n³eFVGI uksuItkmµ .
s‘lu pYrGuksuIt (SOx¦
RbePTèns‘ulpYrGuksutI RtÚv)anbegàtI Ca\n§n³EdlmancMnYnsul’ pYreRcInenAeBleKdutva .

430
sarFatutUc²EdlenAray):ay
KWCaFUlIEdlGENþtmanviCm¢ aRt 10 mIRkÚEm:Rt ¬m¦ b¤tUcCag .

ERmgePøgI nigFUlI
duMrwg²EdlmanenAkñúgcMehHhÁasdUcCa ERmgePøgI epH .l. Edl)anekIteLIgenAkñgú dMeNIrkar

cMehH.
G½RPènGasuItsu‘lpYric
G½RPènGasutI su‘lpYric KWCasarFatubMBulbrisßany:agF¶n;F¶rmYy . eKniyayfa G½RPenHekIt
eLIg enAeBlhÁasGasutI su‘lpYric RtÚv)aneKlaycUlKñaCamYyTwkenAkñúgxül; edIm,IbegátI Ca
GasutI sul‘ pYric bnÞab;mk)aneFVIGku sutI kmµ ehIyERbkøayeTACaG½RPènsul’ pYricGuksutI .
TwkePøógGasuIt
)atuPUtmYyEdlGuksuItsu‘lpYric ¬CaBiess SO ¦ RtÚvbeBa©jedaycMehHxøaMg \n§n³su‘l
2
pYrric .l. nwgeFVIGku suItkmµCabnþbnÞab;enAkëúgxül; CamYyl,ayG½RPGasutI su‘lpYricrav nig

RtÚvrlayenAkñúgtMNk;Tkw ePøógkñgú tMbn;d¾FMmYy .
FUlI
sarFatuEdlbegátI b¤enAray):ay CalT§plmYyénRbRBwtkþi mµemkanic dUcCakMeTckMTI nigkar

eRCIserIsvtßúFatu b¤BMnUkvtßúFatu .
¬2¦ KuNPaBTwk
skþanuBlénGuIRtÚEhSn (pH)
nimitþrUbmYyEdlRtÚv)aneKeRbIsRmab;bBa¢ak;BIkarRbmUlpþéúM nGuIy:ugrbs;GIRu tÚEhSn ¬brimaNGuy
I gu:
rbs;GRuI tÚEhSn KitCaRkammanenAkñúgTwk 1>000 mIlIlIRt¦ . vaRtÚv)aneKtagCaLÚhaÁ rIt
smBaØmYyéncRmascMnYnRbmUlpþMGú RuI tÚEhSnenAkñúgTwk .
1
H = log = -log(H+)
+
(H )
TwksuT§ pH esµI 7
431
tRmÚvkarCIvKImIGuksuIEhSn
BOD bgðajnUvcMnnY GuksuEI hSnEdl)aneRbIR)as; enAeBlsarFatusrIragÁenAkñúgTwkRtÚvbMEbk

edaykarbgábegáIt b¤kardkbegðmI én)ak;etrImanGRmit . témøEdlcg;)anKW 5 ppm b¤tcU Cag
enAkñgú Tenø .
tRmÚvkarGuksuIEhSnsarFatuKImI
bgðajnUvcMnYnGuksuIEhSnEdl)aneRbIR)as;edaysarFatuGku suItenAkñúgTwk EdlRtÚveFVkI arviPaK
edayviFIKImImYy . témøEdlcg;)anKW 5 ppm b¤tUcCag .
karlayGuksuEI hSn
karlayGuksuIEhSn enAkñúgTwks¥atKW 7 eTA 14 ppm . sRmab;RtIRtÚvkary:agtic 5 ppm .
RbtikmµPk;
RsTab;CakBa©²úM EdlbegátI eLIgedaykarkekIty:agqab;rh½snUvsrIragÁtUc² GtisuxumR)aN
enAkñgú Twks¥y
ú nigTwkeRbIR)as;rYcEdlvaGacbMEbkCaPk; EdlKYr[kt;smÁal; .
sarFaturwgEdlenAray):ay
sarFatuEdlGENþtkñúgTwk . vamaneRKaHfñak; taMgBIvaenACab;CamYysrIragÁmanCIvitenA

kñúgTwk nigrgenA)atTenø . témøEdlcg;)anKW 10 ppm b¤tUcCag .
¬3¦ semøg
kRmitsm<aFsemøg
20dg énLÚhaÁ rItFmµtaénGRtarvagsm<aFsemøg P nigsm<aFsemøgedIm Po .

n½ymYyY epSgeTot KW 20 log (P/Po) . kñúgkrNIenH Po = 0/0002 b . kñúg
10
krNIEdlrlkekIneLIgRsbKña eKGaceFVIkarsnµt vamankRmitkmøagM semøgdUcKña sRmab;kar

eRbIR)as;Fmµta .
432
kRmitvUlUmsemøg
kRmitsm<aFsemøgénsemøgsuTe§ Rhkg; 1>000 EG‘k RtÚvcat;TukfaCakRmitEdlmnusSmñak;

kMBugsþab; KWdUcKñakRmitEdleyIgGacB¤va . ]TahrN_ vaKW 60 phon enAeBlkRmit
vUlUmsemøgdUcKëa semøgsuTe§ Rhkg; 1>000 EG‘k ènsemøgEdlGacB¤ 60 dB .
kRmitsemøg
témøEdlRtÚvvas;sRmab;edayeRbI]bkrN_vas;kRmitsemøg .
e
semøgrMxan
enAeBlsemøgCak;lak;mYyRtÚv)anvas;enAkEnøgmYy . RbsinebI minB¤semøgGVI epSgenATIenaHeT
bnÞab;mksemøgEdlB¤enAkEnøgenaH eyageTAtamsemøgEdlB¤enAnwgkEnøgenaH .
PaBrMj½rkñúgxül;EdlmaneRbkg;Tab
etIRtÚveFVIy:agem:cedIm,IGacniyay[B¤semøgekñgú kRmiteRbkg;eRkam 20 b¤semøgkñgú kRmitTab
BiessminRtÚvbRgÜmeTkñgú RbeTsCbu:n . BYkeKRtÚv)aneyagelIsemøg EdlmaneRbkg;Tab
karpøas;bÚrþ sm<aFénkarvas;sÞg;eRbgkg;Tab semøgEdlmaneRbkg;Tab .l.
¬4¦ kaksMNl;
kaksMNl;]sSahkmµ
sMNl;Edlsl;BIcMehH sMNl;xab;² kaksMNl;eRbg kaksMNl;GasutI kaksMNl;
GakalIs .l. EdlbegáItBIskmµPaBcMehH .
kaksMNl;kúgñ TIRkug
sMNl;eRkABIkaksMNl;]sSahkmµmYy .
PIsbuI ‘Í PCB (Polychlorinated Biphenyl)
PIsIbu ‘Í (PCB) KWCasarFatumYykñúgcMeNameRKÓgpSMsrIragÁkørIn . cab;BIeBlvaCasarFatu

l¥bpM ut sRmab;Tb;Tl;keM dA niglkçN³l¥sRmab;Gs uI LU g; vaRtÚv)aneKeRbIR)as;y:agTUlM
TUlayCaGus I LU g; sRmab;]bkrN_GKÁs i nIRBmTaMgCasarFatu sRmab;bEnßmeTAkñgú fñaMlab
TwkexµA .l. eTaHCay:agNak¾eday eK)anrkeXIjfa sarFatuenHmaneRKaHfñak;dl;xøÜn
R)aNmnusS nigkñgú vis½yplitkmµ nigkareRbIR)as;mYycMnYn vaCasarFatuhamXat; .
433
¬5¦ epSg²
sþg;dabrisßan
sþg;dabrisßan RtÚv)ankMNt;edayrdæaPi)al sRmab;briyakasxül; KuNPaBTwk semøg .l.

edIm,IkarBarsuxPaBrbs;mnusS nigkarbgáanUvbrisßanénkarrs;enA .
PaKkñgú mYylan (ppm - parts per million)
kñúgkrNI]s½nµ témøenHbBa¢ak;nUvKuNPaBKitCamIlIlRI t éncMnYnsarFatuEdlmankñúg 1m3 .

kñúgkrNIPaBtan; b¤rav vabBa¢ak;nUvKuNPaBKitCamIlIRkaménsarFatu Edlmankñgú
1KILRÚ kam .
PaKkñgú mYyBan;lan (ppb - parts per billion)

PaKkñgú mYyrylan (ppb - parts per hundred million)

bBaðaeLIgkMedABiPBelak
tamry³karviPaKelITni ñn½yénGakasFatu eKGacBinitüeXIjfasIutNðPaBenAelIEpndI
kMBugekIneLIgCalMdab;kgñú ry³eBl 100qñaM enH EtmankarelIkElgenAqñaMxøH .
RbsinebI )atuPUtenHenAEtbnþ eBlenaHvanwgb:HBal;eTAelIbBaðaCaeRcInrYmman ksikmµ
kRmitTwksmuRT .l. karekIneLIgénkMhab;]sµn½ pÞaMgkBa©k; dUcCa]sµn½ kabUnic emtan
(Methan) ehVGug (freon) N enAkñg ú xül;EdlRtÚv)ancg¥úlbgðajfa Caktþad¾sxM an; .
20
karGs;RsTab;GUhSÚn
enAeBlEdlsuIEGhVsuI (CFC-Chlorofluorocarbon, CaRbePTmYy Y énehVGug freon) nig
haLúg Halon EdlRtÚv)aneKeRbIR)as;ya: gTUlMTlU ay sRmab;RbB½n§eFV[I RtCak; Pñak;gar
sMGat Pñak;gareFV[I manBBuH .l. RtÚv)aneKbeBa©jeTAkñúgbrisaß neTAdl;RsTab;RsatUEhV
¬Stratophere¦ ehIyvaRtÚvTTYlrgkMedAGu’lRtavIyeU ly:agxøaMg enATIenaHkørInRtÚvbeBa©j
mkeRkAehIyRsTab;Gh U SÚn RtÚv)anbMpøajedayGg;dURKIn ¬Endocrine¦ .
CalT§pl cMnYnènkarsayPaykaMrsµGI lu‘ RtavIye:U lEdlmaneRKaHfñak;mkdl;elIdImankar
ekIneLIg nigmanlT§PaBbgáCgM WmharIkEs,k EdlCa\T§iBlGaRkk;eTAelIRbB½ne§ GkU .l.
434
s‘lu hVaeGsahørIdhÁas (SF gas) 6
hÁas SF RtUv)aneRbIkñúg]sSahkmµGKÁisnICasMPar³GuIsULaT½r nigmansnÞ³hÁasenA

6
kñúgDIsgu T½r TUrbBa¢aEdleRbIhÁasCaGuIsULg; (GIS) nigbrikçaGKÁisnIdéTeTot BIeRBaH

hÁas SF mankmøaMgDIeGLikRTIkxøaMgCagxül; nigGuRI dUEsns¶tÜ ehIyKuNPaBvaKWkat;
6
bnßyy:agx<s;tamGaceTA)annUvTMheM l,ÓnGKÁs i nI nigbegánI smtßPaBdMeNIrkarry³

eBlyUr .
kñúgeBlenHEdr hÁas SF GacniyayfaCa]sµn½ pÞaMgkBa©k;EdlRtUveKvaytémø CamYy
6
nwgkarRBmanCasaklnUvskþanuBlRbmaNCa 23/000 dg Edl CO ¬kabUn 2
DIGku sutI ¦ kñúgry³eBlCag 100 qñaM .

enAeBlbrikçaGKÁisnIEdlmanpÞkú hÁas SF RtUv)anykecj nigkMeTc hÁas SF
6 6
RtUvRbmUl[)ansmRsb edayminRtUv)acecalkñúgxül;kgñú eKalbMNgkat;bnßykar

sayPay]sµn½ pÞaMgkBa©k; .
DIGuksuIn ¬Dioxin¦
eTaHCay:agNak¾edayvaKWCaeQµaHedIménmU:lKI ulBitR)akd¬2/ 3/ 7/ 8 etRtakørUDIn

EbnhSÚ):ar:aDIduksuIn tetrachhlorodine benzopara-dioxin, ehAkat; TCDD¦/ bU:lIkørUDI
EbnhSÚ DIGku sunI polychhlorodibenzo-dioxin ¬ehAkat; PIsuIDIDI ¬PCDD¦ CaTUeTA
BaküTUeTAénkarbgðajBIPaBpøas;bþÚrCajwkjab; . eKsnµtfa BYkvaTaMgGs;CaCatiBul
nigmansarFatunaM[ekItmharIkFIsIDu IDI ¬TCDD¦ manbnþicbnþcÜ kñúg 2/ 4/ 5-T én
eh‘Íb‘IsuIt ¬herbicide¦ CaBiessmansarFatuBulxøaMgbMputdUcCa etRtatUEhSn
¬Tetratogen¦ ehIybnÞab;BkI gT½BGaemrikeRbIvasRmab;RbtibtþikareFVI[RCúHsøwkeQIenA
s®gÁamevotNam kumarekItmkminRKb;lkçN³ )anekItmanCajwkjab; . karbegátI
dioxin kñúgbrimaNd¾eRcIn edaykardutrMlaysarFatulay pSMsrIragÁkørIn rYmbBa©Úl
køér:vInIl Edlmankñúg)aøscÞi mü:ag)anRtÚvrkeXIj ehIyeKRtÚvcat;viFankarN_CabnÞan; .
2> karhamXat;temøIgm:asuInGKÁisnI b¤brikçaGKÁisnIEdlmansarFatu PIsuIb‘I ¬PCBs¦
eRbgPIsIbu ‘I RtÚv)aneKesëeI LIgCadMbgU Cavtßrú avDIeGLicRTIcsRmab;eRbIenAkñúgbrikçaGKÁs
i nI dUcCa
Rtg;sVÚ ka):asuTI r½ DIsg;Tr½ Rbdab;EktRmÚvtg;süúg .l. BIeRBaHlkçN³ DIeGLicRTIcd¾l¥bMput
nigPaBGaceqH)anmankRmitTabbMputrbs;brikçaTaMgenaH . y:agNamij enAeBleKduteRbgPIsIubI‘
Ca]TahrN_ RbsinebIRtg;sVÚmy Y b¤ka):asuTI r½ mYymanvtþmanenAkñgú eragcRk b¤manePøIgeqHxagkñgú Fatu
KImIBulxøaMgekItmaneLIg . bBaðaenHman\T§iBlyayIeTAelIsxu PaB . eRbgPIsIbu ‘I k¾CasarFatu
435
d¾maneRKaHfñak; BIeRBaHBYkvamanPaBzitefryUrGEgVg nigmanCaeRbgFmµCati ¬Oleophilicnature¦ man
n½yfa BYkeKGacRsUbyky:aggayRsÜl edayekasikaxøaj;énmnusS nigstV . bnÞab;mkkar
epþateTAelIeRbgPIsbuI ‘I GacBUnpþeMú nAkñúgxønÜ Ca]TahrN_ enAkñgú xøaj; efømI .l. nigmankarlM)ak
Nas;edIm,IlubbM)at;meU: lKul . dUecëHkartemøgI fµInUvbrikçaGKÁisnIEdlmaneRbg PIsIbu ‘I KYrEtRtUv)an
hamXat; .
2>1 lkçN³eRbg PIsbuI ‘I ¬PCBs¦
eRbgPIsIbu ‘I KWCaGMbUrénsarFatuKIms I rIragÁEdlrYmmanrgVg;bg;EhSnBIr ¬Benzene Rings¦ Edl
manTMnak;TnM gKñaedaysarcMNgkabUn nigkabUn ¬Cabon-Cabon¦. GatUménkørIn ¬Chlorine Atoms¦
cab;ykxøH b¤TaMgGs;én10 GatUmGuIRtÚEhSn EdlenAmankñúgTItaMgEdlGacman ¬GatUménGuRI tÚEhSn
Hydrogen Atoms ¦ .
Cl
H H H H
C C C C
Clm Cln
 1  m  n  10  H C C C C H
PIsbuI ‘Í PCB C C C C
(Polychlorinated biphenyl) H H H H
GatUménkørnI cab;ykxøH b¤TaMgGs;én10

GatUmGuRI tÚEhSn EdlenAmankñúgTItaMgEdlGacman “H”
rUbPaB ES12A TRmg;rbs;PIsbuI ‘Í
eKdwgfa PIsbuI ‘Ístßé enAkëúgcMeNamsarFatuKIms

I rIragÁEdlzitefr . cMNucmanDIeGLicRTIcTabefr
nigcMNuckMedABuHx<s;rbs;BYkva eFV[I BYkvamanKMrUsRmab;eRbIdUcvtßúravDIeGLicRTIc enAkñgú ka):asuTI r½ GKÁs
i nI
nigRtg;sVÚ . CasegçbPIsuIb‘mÍ an ³
-PaBefrénDIeGLicRTIcTab
-PaBhYtmankRmitTab
-Tb;Tl;ngw ePøIgl¥
-mansarFatuTkw tic
-PaBrlayx<s;kgñú sarFaturMlaysrIragÁ nig
-lkçN³CIvti yUrGEgVg KµankarxUtxatkñgú kareFVIesvakmµ .
y:agNamijnaeBlbc©úb,nñKuNvibtþéi nvtßúravPIsuIb‘Í KWRtÚv)aneKcat;Tku fasMxan;taMgBIsarFatuen³
-KµankarbMEbkFatu
436
-sßti kñúgbrisaß n)anyUr
-GaceFV[I ekasikaxøaj;ekIneLIgkñúgxøÜn
-RtÚveKsgS½yfaCasarFatuEdlbgá[ekItmharIk
\T§iBlènPIsIub‘Í elImnusSGacmanlkçN³F¶n;F¶r dUcCa ³
-bNþal[xUcRKelon nigsrIragÁdéTeTotrbs;mnusS
-bNþal[QWk,al CMgWepSg² .l. RbsinebI eyIghitva nig
-bNþal[ekItmun ¬Chlor-acne¦ RbsinebIvaRCabcUltamEs,k
2>2 Éksareyag
vaküx½NÐenH KWGanuelameTAtam “GnusBaØasþúkxUm ” EdlCasn§s i BaØaBiPBelak edIm,Ikar
BarsuxPaBmnusS nigbrisßanBIbBM ulsrIragÁedaysarFatumingayrlay ¬POPs-Persistent Organic
Pollutants¦ . GnusBaØasþúkxUm KWCasnñisiT§sþIBIbBaðabrisßanelIkTI1 énsnñisT i E§ dlmanCabnþbnÞab;
EdlBak;B½n§CamYykmµviFbI risaß nrbs;GgÁkarshRbCaCati ¬UNEP¦ .
raCrdæaPi)alkm<Cú a minTan;)an[sc©ab½nelI “GnusBaØasþkú xUm” eT bu:EnþRbeTsCaeRcIneTot)an
[sc©ab½nrYcehIy . dUecñH “GnusBaØasþúkxUm ” GacRtÚveRbIeyagCaTsSn³bRgÜbbRgÜmd¾TlU MTlU ay
rbs;BiPBelakmYy .
“ GnusBaØasþk ú xUm ” sMNUmBr[lubbM)at;kareRbIR)as;sarFatuPIsbuI ‘Í kñgú brikçaGKÁs
i nI ¬dUcCa
Rtg;sVÚ ka):asuIT½r b¤ FugepSg²Edlmansþkú sarFaturav¦ enAqñaM2025 nigsRmab;smiT§kmµrbs;va
manbTb,BaØtimþ YycMnYneKarBeTAtamviFIGnuvtþelIsarFatuPIsbuI ‘Í .
1- kMNt;kMritGuIsULg;
1>1 eKalKMnitrbs;kMritGuIsULg;
eKalKMnitrbs;kMritGusI LU g; sRmab;sßanIy_tg;süúgx<s; nigmFüm enAkEnøgGñkeRbIR)as;GKÁs i nI
RtUv)anepÞogpÞat;eTAnwgsþg;da IEC 60071-1 nigepÞogpÞat;eTAnwgsþg;da IEC epSg²eTot . mann½yfa
eKalKMnitkMNt;kMritGus I ULg;bgðajBIkMlaMgFn;DIeGLicRTicrbs;brikçarGKÁisnIenAtg;süú gFmµta b¤minRbRktIenA
elIRbB½nf§ amBlGKÁisnI nigl½kçN³bec©keTseRKOgkarBarenAkñgú RbB½n§famBlGKÁs i nI .
dUecñH karkMNt;krM itGuIsULg;mandUcteTA ³
-karerobcMeRKOgkarBarrnÞH[smRsb
-RtYtBinitüsnÞúHtg;súüg nigEklMGr]bkrN¾rYmpSMEdlmanenAkñúgRbB½n§dUcCaeRKOgpþac; nigP¢ab;
crnþsy V½ Rbvtþi eRKOgRtYtBinitü eRKOgkarBarRbB½n§.l.
437
-sikSaerobcMGIs u ULg;[)anl¥ nigsmRsb
-RtYtBinitü[)anRtwmRtUv nigsmRsbelIkarsikSaerobcMGIs u ULg;
1>2 sþg;daénPaBFn; nigtg;süúg
PaBFn;nwgtg;süu úgRtUv)anGnuelamtamsþg;da IEC 60071-1 Edl)anbgðajfakMritsþg;da
Gus
I LU g;rbs;brikçar RtÚv)ankMNt;faCasþg;daénPaBFn;ngw tg;süúgmanBIrRbePTdUcteTA ³
sRmab;brikçarEdlmantg;süúgkñúglMdab;BI 1kV eTA 245kV
k- sþg;datg;súügEdlFn;nwgsnÞúHrnÞH
x- sþg;datg;súügEdlFn;nwgry³eBlxøéI nkareLIgtg;súüg
sRmab;brikçarEdlmantg;süúgkñúglMdab;BI 245kV eLIg
k- sþg;datg;süú gEdlFn;nwgsnÞúHcrnþkgñú eBlP¢ab; b¤pþac;crnþ
x- sþg;datg;süú gEdlFn;nwgsnÞúHrnÞH
TMrg;sþg;datg;süúg
- sþg;dakñúgry³eBlxøIenAtg;súügsiunussUGduI EdlmaneRhVkg;cenøaHBI 48Hz nig 62Hz
kñguú kMLgú eBl 60 vinaTI enAeBlmanbnÞkú ERbRbYlxøaMg.
- sþg;dasnÞúHcrnþkgñú eBlP¢ab; b¤pþac;crnþsnÞúHtg;süúgmanry³eBlGtibrima 250μs nigtémøBak;
kNþaléntMél 2500μs
- sþg;dasnÞHú rnÞH KWCasnÞHú tg;süúgmanmunry³eBl 1.2μs nigry³Bak;kNþaléntMél 50μs
Nominal voltage
60sec
sþg;dacrnþqøgesoKVItg;süúg
tg;süúgFmµta
250μs, 2500μs
438
sþg;dasnÞúHcrnþkgñú eBlP¢ab; b¤pþac;crnþ
tg;süúgFmµta
1.2μs, 50μs
xñatKMrs
U nÞúHrnÞH
rUbPaB EX14A rbs;xñatKMrUEdlFn;tg;süúg
1>3 karkMNt;kMritGus I ULg;edayeRKOgkarBarcrnþRcal

karkMNt;kMritGuIsULg;rbs;sßanIy_KwCaRKWHedIm,IbegáIndMeNIkarelah³GuksIuteRKOgkarBarrnÞH .
eTaHCaEbbNak¾edaykñgú krNIeFVkI arRtYtBnitülMGitelIsmasPaBrbs;]bkrN_ b¤karerob
cMeRKOgkarBarrnÞHKwCakarcaM)ac;EdlTTYlykkMritmYyEdlcg;)an edIm,IvPI aKCamYynwg EMTP .l.
kMNt;sKM al; EMTP : kmµvIFeI GLicRtUm:aejTicekIteLIgenAeBlebIkcrnþ . kmµvFi IenHerobcMeLIg
edayeFVKI MrUtamEbbDIhSItal;edIm,IBinti ü)atuPUtEdlekIteLIgenAeBlebIkcrnþ.
2 kMlaMgFn;DeI GLicRTicrbs;esoKVIGKÁisnI
¬ tMrUvkarrbs;Gs uI ULg; ¦
kñúgkrNIEdlesoKVGI KÁs i nIBMumankMritGus I LU g;RKb;RKan; vaCabuBVehtubgáeGaymankarqk;GKÁs i nI
GKÁPI ½yedaysarcrnþRCab nigbegátI eGaymanbBðaaepSg² dUcCakarbegánI kar)at;bg;famBlGKÁs i nI .
dUcenH esoKVIGKÁisnIRtUvmankMritGus I LU g;RKb;RKan;tamlMdab;fñak;tg;süúg .
¬ karRtYtBinitüGus I ULg; ¦
dUc)anerobrab;xagelIrYcmkehIy RtUveFVIkarvinicäy ½ BItémøGs uI ULg;muneBleRbIR)as; . rebob
vinicäy
½ EdlGacTTYlyk)anCaTUeTAKWCakarvas;elIer:suIsgþ ;Gs uI LU g; nigkarRtYtBinitükMlaMgFn;DIeGLicRTic .
edIm,IeFVIkarvinicäy
½ elIkMritrbs;Gs uI LU g; KMrUEdll¥bpM utsMrab;eFVIkarRtYtBinitüGus I ULg; CamYynwg
kMlaMgFn;DIeGLicRTicedaytg;süúg nigeBlevla .
eTaHCaEbbNak¾edaysMrab;esoKVIGKÁisnItg;süuúgTab CaTUeTAkarvas;er:sIs u þg;GIs
u ULg;RtUv)aneK
eFVIeLIg eRBaHgayRsYleFVkI arvinicy ä½ kñgú karbgáakMueGaymanGKÁPI ½y .
439
kñúgkrNIEdlBi)akeFVkI arvas;er:ss Iu gþ ;GuIsULg;eBlKµancrnþ karvas;crnþRCabGacykmkRtYtBinitü
er:ss Iu gþ ;GsuI ULg;enAkñúgesoKVIGKÁisnIEdlmancrnþ RtUvCMnYsedaykarvas;eTAelIer:suIsgþ ;Gs
uI LU g; .
¬ ExStg;süúgx<s; nigmFüm ¦
ExSsMrab;tg;süúgx<s; nigmFüm tg;süúgelIsbeNþaHGasnñ edaymanhVamYyqøgb:HdI nigsnÞHú
crnþkgñú eBlP¢ab; b¤pþac; GacekItman dUecñHTaMgGs;enH RtUvBicarNaenAeBlEdlkarRtYtBinitüelI
kMlaMgDIeGLicRTic RtUv)aneKeFVeI LIg . eTaHCaEbbNak¾eday kñgú krNIEdleFVIkar):an;saµ nfa er:sus I þg;
Gus
I LU g; RtUv)aneFVkI arRtYtBinitüedayeyagtamsþg;da IEC, JIS nigsþg;dad¾éTeTotEdlmantémødUcKña
edIm,IrkSaTukenAXøaMgkardæansagsg; karRtYtBinitükMlaMgDIeGLicRTic RtUv)aneKepþatGarmµeTAelItg;süúg
NUmINal; EdlRtUvdak;eGaysakl,gdl;ry³eBl 10 naTI .
¬ bTd§anbec©keTsrbs;RbeTsCb:un ¦
karsakl,gkMlaMgFn;DIeGLicRTicrbs;ExStg;süúgx<s; tambTdæanRbeTsCb:unmandUcteTA ³
Gus I LU g;E; xStg;süúgx<s;RtUvFn; enAeBleFVkI arsakl,gtg;süúgeFVIeLIgrvagExScMlg nigdIRtUvetsþ
ry³eBl 10naTI . ¬kñúgkrNIEdlExScMlgCaExSkab crnþCab;RtUv)aneKeRbIsRmab;karsakl,g
ehIytg;süúgsakl,gelIstg;súügeFVeI tsþcMnnY BIrdg ¦.
tarag ES14A kareFVeI tsþtg;süúgkmøaMgDIeGLikRTikenACb:nu
tg;süúgeFVeI tsþ
RbePTesoKVIGKÁisnI
ExSEdlmantg;süúgx<s;bpM utelIsBI 7KILUv:ul Et tg;süugú 1/25dgéntg;süúgx<s;¬10/5KILvÚ l:u
minx<s;Cag60KILÚvul: enAeBlTabCag 10/5 KILvÚ l:u ¦RtUv)anP¢ab;
ExSEdlmantg;süúgx<s;Cag 60KILvÚ l:u RtUv)an tg;süugú 1/25 dg éntg;süúgx<s;
P¢ab;eTAnwgesoKVGI KÁs
i nI edaypþac;RbB½nN
§ wt RtUv)anP¢ab;
ExSEdlmantg;süúgx<s;Cag 60 KILÚvul: RtUv)an tg;süugú 1/1dgéntg;süúgx<s;¬75KILvÚ l:u enA
i nIEdlmanRbB½nN
§ wtrwgmaM eBlTabCag 75KILvÚ l:u ¦ RtUv)anP¢ab;
ExSEdlmantg;süúgx<s;Cag 170KILvÚ l:u RtUv)an tg;süugú 0/72 dg éntg;süúgx<s;
i nIrbs;R; bB½nN
§ wtP¢ab;pÞal; RtUv)anP¢ab;
3 PaBFn;nwgkMedArbs;brikçarGKÁs i nI
vaRtUv)aneKGHGagfa sItN u ðPaBEdlekIteLIgrbs;brikçarGKÁs i nImineGayeLIgdl;stI N
u ðPaBGtibrma
GnuBaØatrbs;brikçarGKÁsi nIeLIyb¤k¾eRkamsItuNðPaBGtibrmaEdlBMmu anP½ynþrayNamYybgáeGayxUcxat]bkrN_
GKÁs
i nI . enAeBlEdlsItuNðPaBEdlekIteLIgelIseKalkarmUldæaneFVeI tsþ EdlmanrayeQµaH
xageRkam nigsþg;daEdlBak;B½n§eTAnwg]bkrN_GKÁs i nIRtUv)anGnuvtþ.
440
3>1 ehSeNr:aT½r
sItNu ðPaBEdlekIteLIgrbs;ehSeNr:aT½r enAeBldMeNIkarkñgú GRtabnÞkú kMNt;my Y minGnuBaØati[eLIg
dl;stI Nu ðPaGtibrma KWRtUvKñanwglMdab;fañ k;Fn;nwgkMlaMgkMedA ehIykarFn;nwgkMedArbs;ehSeNr:aT½r nig
BMumanP½ynþrayNamYybgáeGayxUcxat ebIstI N u ðPaBGtibrmasßti enAkñúglMdab;fñak;;kMedAEdl)anGnuBaØati .
3>2 BidagGuRI dUlikrbs;TUrb‘nÍ nigehSeNr:aT½r
PaBFn;ngw kMedArbs;BidagTUrb‘InGuRI dUlik nigehSeNr:aT½rplitfamBl nigBMumanP½ynþrayNamYy
bgáeGayxUcxat eTaHbIsItuNðPaBrbs;BidagEdl)anbeB©ajeLIgdl;Gtibrma kñgú témøGRtabnÞkú kMNt; .
3>3 Rtg;sÚrV
kMeNInsItN u ðPaBrbs;Rtg;sVÚr enAeBldMeNIrkarkñúgGRtabnÞkú kMNt;mYy mineGaysItN u ðPaB
eLIgdl;kMritGnuBaØatiGtibrma KwRtUvnwglMdab;fañ k;EdlFn;nwgkMedA ehIykMedArbs;Rtg;snÚV igBMumanmhnþray
NamYybgáeGayxUcxat enAkñgú lMdab;;stI N u ðPaBEdlGnuBaØatiGtibrmaenH .
3>4 m:asunI
cMNucenHGnuvtþeTAelIesoKVIGKÁisnIkñgú eRKOgP¢ab; b¤pþac;crnþ DIsgu T½r erGakT½r kugdg;saT½r
Rbdab;bnÞab;bnSMRtg;sVÚr Rbdab;cab;crnþRcal nigm:asuInepSg²eTot rnukbB¢aÚ nfamBl nigeRKOgP¢ab;
ExScmøgsRmab;m:asunI .
kMeNInsItN u ðPaBrbs;m:asunI enAeBldMeNIrkarelIkñúgGRtabnÞkú kMNt;my
Y min[eLIgdl;
sItN
u ðPaBGnuBaØatiGtibrma KWRtUvnwglMdab;fañ k;EdlFn;kMedA ehIykMedAFn;rbs;m:asunI nigBMuman
mhnþrayNamYy bgáeGayxUcxatkñgú lMdab;fñak;stI uNðPaBGnuBaØatiGtibrma .
4 karkarBareRKaHfñak;cMeBaHsm<aFFug
1- sm<aFdMeNIrkarGtibrma rbs;sm<aFFugRtUvsikSaerobcMedayKitKUeTAnwgsm<aFEdlekIneLIg
edaysarsm<aFdMeNIrkarEdlsßitenAkñúglMdab; nigsm<aFdMeNIrkarGtibrma .
2- RtUvFn;;nwgsm<aFhÁasEdlekIteLIg edaysarmankMhcU xagkñgú mann½yfaminmanRCab
hÁaskñúgkMLgú eBlxUcbnÞab;B)I anCYsCulrYc kñgú krNIEdlFugBMmu aneRKOgRtYtBinitükMeNIn
sm<aF .
3- dUcenHsþgd; a RbePTelah³EdlFn;RtUv)anGnuBaØti nigmin)anbBa¢ak;B; Ircnasm½n< § Epñk
rgsm<aF RtUvFn;nwgsm<aFdMeNIrkarGtibrma nigRtUvmansuvtßiPaB .
441
CMBUk 3
l½kçx½NÐsRmab;meFüa)ayplitGKÁisnI
TYrb‘ÍncMhay
442
EpñkTI1
LcMhay
maRta 18 ³ l½kçx½NÐcMeBaHvtßúFatuLcMhay nigeRKOgbnÞab;bnSMrbs;va
1- vtßúFatusRmab;TYb‘ÍncMhaynigeRKOgbnÞab;bnSMrbs;va
kareRCIserIsvtßúFatu
enAeBlsikSaerobcMKMnrU LcMhay karKNnasItuNðPaBbMBg; CBa¢aMgL sar³sMxan;kñúgkar
eRCIserIsvtßúFatudutkMedAcMhayx<s; nigvtßúFatudutkMedAeLIgvij .
b:Eu nþsItuNðPaBCBa¢aMgbMBg; manlkçN³minesµKI ñaeLIy mann½yfa l½kçx½NÐénkartemøIgRtÚvykcitþ
Tukdak;[)anhµt;ct; . dUcEdlmanBnül;kñúgrUbxageRkam sItN u ðPaBGtibrmakñgú bMBg;x<sC; agsItN
u ðPaB
mFüm .
CBa¢aMgxagsþaM CBa¢aMgxageqVg
sItuNðPaBcMhayGtibrma 586 0C
600
550
sItuNðPaBcMhaymFüm 566 0C
500
400
0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80 90
elxbMBg;
rUb ES18A ³ karEbgEcksItuNðPaBbMBg;CBa¢aMgTYrb‘ÍncMhay
kñúgLcMhay GRtaRsÚbkMedAGaRs½ynwgTItaMgrbs;bBM g; rYmTaMgbMBg;rgkMedAPayecj nigbMBg;kMedA
bBa¢ÚnbnÞab; . CaBiess ]bkrN_dutkMedAx<s; nig]bkrN_dutkMedAeLIgvijrg\T§iBlénel,Ón
cMehH]sµ½nqøgkat;bBM g;enaH . ¬el,Ón]sµn½ enAcMNcu kNþalelOnCagel,Ón]sµ½nenAEpñkCBa¢aMg¦ .
443
maRta 19 ³ lkçx½NÐcMeBaHrcnasm½<nærbs;LcMhay nigeRKOgbnÞab;bnSMrbs;va
1- rcnasm½<n§rbs;LcMhay nigeRKOgbnÞab;bnSMrbs;v; a
RbB½nL§ cMhayrYmmanRbdab;dutkMedA bMBg;cMhay ]bkrN_dutkMedAx<s; ]bkrN_dutkMedAeLIgvij
bMBg;]s½µn bMBg;xül; nig]bkrN_CMny Y .
1>1 tYsMxan;rbs;LcMhay
¬ 1¦ cRgáanL
cRgáanL rYmmanbMBg;cMhayCaeRcIn . cRgáanLGacmaneRcInRbePT . tYsxM an;rbs;Lman
RTg;RTayGacRsÚbkMedAenAkñúgcRgáanL .
TMhcM RgáanL ¬CeRmA nigTTwg¦ RtÚv)ankMNt;edayKiteTAelIsßanPaBénRbdab;dutkMedA . cMNcu
BiessKWfa GNþatePøgI minRtÚvb:HCBa¢aMgTwkrbs;cRgáanLeLIy . CBa¢aMgbMBg;Tkw ¬bMBg;cMhay¦ Edlman
cRgáanLmYyeFVIBEI dkEfb nigmanclnalMhrU tamFmµtakñúgbMBg;manGgát;p©itBI 60 eTA 75 mIlIEm:Rt bMBg;
sRmab;LcMhayEdlmankarRtÜtBinitüclna EdlmanGgát;p©it 40 mIlIEm:Rt nigbMBg;LcMhay qøgkat;
EtmYyelIk RtÚvmanGgátp; ©itBI 20 eTA 50 mIlIEm:Rt .
RbePTLcMhayTaMgenHKWCaRbePTbMPaycMhayEdlcRgáanLmanépÞbMPaykMedAFM . TwkkñúgbMBg;
cMhayBuH enAeRkam\T§iBlénkarbMPaykMedArbs;kMedAcMehHrbs;Rbdab;dutkMedA .
]bkrN_kMedAx<s;bBaÄr
Pendant superheater
Fug
Drum ]bkrN_kMedAx<s;epþk
Horizontal
superheater
bMBg;mkBIeRkam
Downcomer pipe
eGkUNUm:ays½r
Economizer
MgbMBg;Tw
CBa¢aWater
wall
k
Controlled circulation
pump Lower drum Forced draft
m:asIunbUmRtÜt FugeRkam bRmugkmøaMg

BinitüclnaeTAmk
rUb ES19A ³ LcMhayclnaeTAmkEdlmanRbdab;RtÜtBinitü ¬eragcRkGKis

Á nIedIredaykMedAFüÚgfµ¦
444
EKm
Casing
rbwg Refractory
nigvtßFú atuGand
IusULg;kMedA ¬eRkAcRgáanL¦
heat insulating material
Bg;Twkwall tubetMNWeld RBúFiny

CBa¢aMgbMWater ¬kñúgcRgáanL¦
rUb ES19B ³ rUbkat;TTwgénCBa¢aMgbMBg;Tkw
bMBg;cMhaymanRBúyEdlbegáIntMbn;beBa©jkMedA .
LcMhayqøgkat;mYydgeRkamsm<aF Supercritical manlkçN³CabMBg;cMhaymanragCarbMqu Vat;
EqVgenABIelIP¢ab;eTAcRgáanL edIm,IRbmUlkMedAesµs
I ac;kñúgbMBg;cMhay . LcMhayRbePTenHbegáIn
RbsiT§PaBx<s; ³ cMhaysuT§l¥ nigKµanl,ayTwkeRkamsm<aF Supercritical nigGacdMeNIrkar
CamYybnÞkú mYyEpñk b¤bnÞúkeBj .
¬ 2¦ ]bkrN_dutkMedA[x<s;
]bkrN_dutkMedAx<s; KWCaRbdab;sRmab;plitcMhayekþAenAkñúgbMBg;cMhay[dl;kMritmYyEq¥tEdl
RtÚveRbIkëúgTYrb‘nÍ . sßanPaBEdlGnuBaØat[temøgI ]bkrN_dutkMedAx<s;man 2Ebb ³ temøIgbBaÄr nig
temøIgepþk . bMBg;]bkrN_dutkMedAx<s; eFVIeLIgBIEdkEfbm:UlbI Ednum (Mo) / EdkEfbRkÚmm:UlbI Ednum
(Cr - Mo) b¤EdkEfbRkÚmnIEkl (Cr - Ni) BIeRBaHBBYkEdkEfbTaMgenHGacFn;nwgsItuNðPaBx<s; .
¬ 3¦ ]bkrN_dutkMedAeLIgvij
]bkrN_dutkMedAeLIgvij RtÚv)aneRbIsRmab;dutcMhayEdlmkBIRckecjénEpñksm<aFx<s;rbs;
TYrb‘nÍ . ]bkrN_dutkMedAeLIgvij manrcnasm<n½ dUc]bkrN_dutkMedA[x<s;Edr . ]bkrN_dutkMedA
eLIgvijRtUv)antemøgI enAkñgú TItaMgCamYyKñanwg]bkrN_dutkMedA[x<sE; dr . ]bkrN_dutkMedAeLIgvijman
sm<aFxagkñgú BI 3 dl; 5 emhÁa)a:sáal; . mUlehtuenH sm<aFTaMgGs;EdlFøak;enAkñgú ]bkrN_dutkMedA
eLIgvijminGacelIsBI 10 % énsm<aFxagkñgú eLIy .
445
 karbgðajtP¢ab;KñacMnYnCMru bs;Tkw ¼cMhayTwkrt;
 karbgðajtPab;KñacMnYnCMurbs;nn § ³¼cMehH
kMedAxøaMg
kMedAmþgeTot bMBg;EpSg
TYrb‘Ínsm<aFTab¼x<s;
sm<aFTab LcMhay
ehSeNr:aT½r Deaerator
kgáacracr]sµn½
Rtg;smVU :aT½r Coal
economizer
kEnøgRbmUlbMENktUc²
kg;dg;sW xSl;kMedAmþgeTot
plitTwk
bumbUménkg;dg;s½r
pÁtp; Ág;TwkekþAsm<aFTab pÁtp; Ág;TwkekþAsm<aFx<s; kgðabMENnxül;
m:UT½rpÁt;pÁg;Twk FugeRbgeqa¼exµa m:UT½rbUmTwkkñgú esoKVbI iTCit
rUb ES19C ³ ]TarhN_eragcRkGKÁs
i nIedIredaycMhay
¬ 4¦ eGkUNmU :aysWr
eGkUNUm:aysWrKWCabMBg;dUcbMBg;kMedAdéTeTót nigRtÚv)antemøIgkñgú bMBg;]sµ½nedIm,IkMedATwkpÁtp; Ág;eday
kMedArbs;EpSgbeBa©jecal . eGkUNUm:aysWrbegánI RbsiTP§ aBkMedArbs;eragcRkGKis Á nI . edIm,IRTRTg;
sm<aFTwkpÁt;pÁg;edaypÞal; eGkUNUm:aysWreFVBI IbBM g;EdkEfbEdlmanGgát;p©itBI 35 dl;; 50 mIlIEm:Rt .
eGkUNUm:aysWrmantYnaTICaFugsþkú TwkekþA nigeRtómCaeRscsRmab;eqøIytbnwgkarpøas;bþÚrbnÞkú Pøam² .
¬ 5¦ Fug
FugLcMhayclnalMhrU TwkFmµta b¤FugLcMhayclnaTwkhUredaymanRbdab;RtÜtBinitümanTMrg;
dUcbgðajkñúgrUb ES2E . bnÞab;BI)anqøgkat;eGkUNUm:aysWr TwkEdlpÁtp; Ág;mk RtÚv)anbBa¢ÚneTAkñgú Fug ehIy
bnÞab;mkbBa¢ÚneTAbMBg;cMhay . TwkRtUv)anEjkbMEbkecjBIcMhayEq¥tEdl)anegáIteLIgenAkñúgbMBg;cMhay .
cMhayRtÚv)anbBa¢ÚneTARbdab;sm¶tÜ EdltemøgI enAEpñkxagelIrbs;Fug EdlCakEnøgsm¶tÜ cMhayTwk nigman
CatiTwkticCag 0.1% nigbnÞab;mkbBa¢ÚneTA]bkrN_dutkMedAx<s; .
446
RckecjcM hay
Steam outlet
l,aycM hay nigTwk
Mixture of steam and water
l,aycMhay nigTwk
Mixture of steam and water
Rbdab;sm¶tÜ cugeRkay
Final
dryer Rbdab;EjkcMhayTI2
Secondary steam separator
Rbdab;EjkcMhayTI1
Primary steam
separator
Water level
(normally)
kMritTwk ¬Fmµta¦
rUb ES19D ³ rcnasm½n< §Epñkxagkñgú énFugcMhayenAkñúgLcMhay
clnaeTAmkedaymanRbdab;RtÜtBinitü
maRta 19-1 ³ suvtßiPaBRbqaMgnwgkMlaMgsgát;Gtibrma
1>1 etsþsm<aFTwk
kareFVIetsþedaysm<aFxül;RtÚveFIVeLIgesµnI wg 1.25 dg énsm<aFGnuBaØatGtibrmaBIeRBaHvabgár
eRKaHfñak; . eTaHbIy:agNa CaTUeTAkñgú kareFVIetsþsm<aFTwk KWeFVeI LIgesµnI wg 1.5dg énsm<aFGtibrma .
maRta 19-2 ³ karkarBarRbqaMgnwgkMedAelIs
1>1 karkarBarRbqaMgnwgkMedAelIs
bec©kviTüaEklMGrKuNPaBTwk nigbec©kviTüaTMenIbénsmasFaturbs;LcMhayeFV[I LRTaMRT)anCamYy
nigsItNu ðPaBx<s; sm<aFx<s; nigmancMNHu FM .
TwkeqA KWmanl,ayFatuminsuTæEdlCamUlehtuERcssuI nigmanRsTab;Rkm:renABIelI . ¬enAeBl
EdlRsTab;Rkm:rkan;EtRkas; eFVI[kMedAEdlbBa©ÚneTA[LcMhayRtÚvraMgsÞH ehIyRbsiTPæ aBLcMhay
fycuH . vak¾CamUlehtueFV[I LcMhayelIskMedA . ¦
vamansar³sMxan;Nas;kgñú kardkhUtykCatiminsuTeæ cjecjBITkw eqA nigedIm,I[TwkmanKuNPaB
dUecñH ERcssuIelIsmassFaturbs;LcMhaymankMritGb,rma .
447
1>2 sUhVfinn½r nig DImN I Wr:aLays½r
sUhfV inn½r nigDImINWr:aLays½r KWCaeRKÓgRbdab;sRmab;dkykCatiminsuTeæ cjdUcCa kal;süÚm
nig¼b¤ m:aej:süÚmEdlmankñúgTwkeqAedaykarpøas;bþÚrGIuyu:grbs;C½r .l.
rUb ES19E : DImINWr:aLays½r

TwkLcMhay
C½rpøas;bþÚrGIy
u g:u
rUb ES19F : ynþkarebs; DImINrW :aLays½r
maRta 20 suvtßiPaBsnÞHbiTebIksRmab;qñaMg nigbMBg;rbs;LcMhay

snÞHbiTebIksuvtßiPaBRtÚvmantemøIgelIFgu LcMhay nig]bkrN_dutkMedAx<s;sRmab;karBarsm<aF
cMhaykMu[elIsBIkMritkMNt; .
rUb ES20A : snÞHbiTebIksuvtßPi aB

448
1> kñúgkrNImansm<aFelIs dUcenAeBlEdlsm<aFcMhayrbs;LcMhay eLIgelIsBIbBaØtþikMNt;
kñúg]bkrN_dutkMedAx<s; nig]bkrN_dtu kMedAeLIgvij edIm,IkarBarEpñksm<aF .
2> RtÚveFVIetsþsakl,gsnÞHbiTebIksuvtßiPaBedIm,IFanafa snÞHbiTebIksuvtßiPaBenHRtÚv)ankMNt;kgñú
EdnbBaØtþki MNt;sm<aF bnÞab;BkI arRtÜtBinitü nigCYsCulsnÞHbiTebIksuvtßiPaBenH .
3> mansnÞHbiTebIksuvtßiPaBeRcInRbePTdUcCasnÞHbiTebIksuvtßiPaBRbePTrWs½r snÞHbiTebIksuvtßiPaB
RbePTbBa¢a .
]sµn½ beBa©j
snÞHbiTebIksuvtßiPaBRbePTrWusr½ snÞHbiTebIksuvtßiPaBRbePTbBa¢a (PCV)
snÞHbiTebIksuvtßiPaBP¢ab;snÞ³biTebIkrWusr½ bnÞúk
rUb ES20B : snÞHbiTebIksuvtßPi aB
4> RbePTsnÞHbiTebIksuvtßiPaBP¢ab;rWusr½ bnÞúk ³ RbePTsnÞHbiTebIksuvtßiPaBP¢ab;rWusr½ bnÞúk eRbIR)as;
sRmab;LcMhay nigbBa¢ÚnkMedAdut[x<s; nigCaRbePTgayRsÜlkan;yrY . eTaHbI sßitkñúgPaBrBa¢y Ü
b¤rMj½rsnÞHbiTebIksuvtßiPaB minmanelcRCab .
TMhM nigTMgn;énRbePTsnÞHbiTebIksuvtßiPaBRbePTenH tUcENnebIeRbobeFobCamYy snÞHbiTebIksuvtßiPaB
RbePTrWusr½ .
449
snÞHbiTebIksuvtßiPaB]bkrN_keM dAx<s;
]bkrN_keM dAx<s;
FugL
cMhay cMhayhUreTATYrb‘Ínem
FugsnÞHbiTebIksuvtßiPaB
rUb ES20C : TItaMgénsnÞHbiTebIksuvtßPi aBsMrab;Fgu LcMhay nig]bkrN_kMedAx<s;
maRta 21 RbB½n§pÁt;pÁg;Twkrbs;LcMhay
1> RbB½n§pÁt;pÁg;Twk
¬ 1¦ m:UT½rbUmpÁt;pÁg;Twk
]bTÞvehtuekItkñúgm:UT½rbUmTwkGaceFV[I mankMhUcF¶n;F¶rdl;LcMhay . eragcRkGKis Á nIedIredaycMhay
RtÚvmantemøIgm:TU r½ bUmTwkbMrugmYyCanic© . kñgú krNImankMhUcekItmankñgú m:UTr½ bUmTwkem RtÚvdMeNIrkarm:UT½r
bUmTwkbMrugedays½VyRbvtþi sRmab;bnþkarpÁtp; Ág;Twk .
¬ 2¦ RbePTm:TU ½rbUmTwk
m:UT½rbUmTwkTaMgenHrujTwkpÁt;pÁg;eTA[LcMhay . m:TU r½ bUmTwkKWCavtßmú Yyy:agsMxan;mYyénmeFüa)ay
plitkmµ . RbsinebIm:UT½renHxUc nwgmanplb:HBal;y:agxøaMgelIkardMeNIrkarkñgú eragcRkGKis Á nITaMgmUl .
sUm,IEtm:UT½rbUmTwkQb;dMeNIrkarkñúgry³eBlxøIb:ueNÑaH bMBg;Twkk¾GacxUceRbHRsaMEdr . dUecñHm:TU r½ bUmTwk
caM)ac;RtÚvmankarTukcitþy:agxøaMg gayRsÜlEfTaM gayRsYlRtÜtBinitü nigGacTukcitþ)an eBlcab;epþIm
dMeNIrkar .
eragcRkGKis Á nIedIredaykMedAEtgeRbIm:UT½rbUmpÁtp; Ág;Tkw RbePTFugeRcIndMNak;sg;RTIhVúy (barrel
multistage centrifugal) . bc©úb,nñ m:T U ½rbUmpÁtp; Ág;Tkw eRbIsRmab;LcMhaymanGanuPaBFM LcMhaysm<aF
x<s; nigsItuNðPaBx<s;. krNIenHRtUvkarbegáIncMnYnsøabkgðar nigRtUvbegánI RbEvgm:UT½rbUm . m:TU r½ RbePT
enHmYycMnYnmanTMhMtUc nigmansmtßPaBeFVkI arenAel,ÓnelOn .
450
rUb ES21A : m:UT½rbUmpþl;TwkRbePTFug multistage centrifugal
eragcRkGKis Á nITamTary:agehacNas;manm:UT½rbUmTwkmYybMerIkarCaRbcaM nigm:UTr½ bUmTwkbMrugmYy

EdlmanGanuPaB 25° énGanuPaBm:UT½rbUmTwkbMerIkarCaRbcaM . sRmab;karGnuvtþCaerOy² mantemøgI
m:UT½rbUmTwkbMerIkarBIr manGanuPaB 50° nigm:UT½rbUmTwkbMrugmYymanGanuPaB 50° .
¬ 2¦ smßtPaBrbs;LcMhay
cMeBaH {rMhYtcMhayGtibrma} énLcMhay karkMNt;GanuPaBrbs;LcMhay GaRs½yelIkarseRmc
eKalneya)ay nigesckþs I eRmcrbs;eragcRkplit. caM)ac;RtUvBicarNaelIkarkMNt;lkçx½NÐcMhay
niglkçx½NÐdMeNIrkarrbs;eragcRk .
TMnak;TnM grvagGanuPaBbeBa©jrbs;ehSenr:aT½r nigsmßtPaBrbs;LcMhaymandUcxageRkam ³
GanuPaBbeBa¨jrbs;TrY b‘nI (kW) ehSenr:aT½r (kVA) GanuPaBLcMhay (t/h)
175,000 224,000 590
220,000 259,000 660
265,000 339,200 900
350,000 448,000 1,100
600,000 700,000 1,950
1000,000 1,154,700 3,110
(t/h) smtß
PaBrbs;
Boiler LcMhay (t/h)
Capacity(t/h)
3500
3000
2500
2000
1500
1000
500
0
0 200 400 600 800 1000 1200
GanuPaBbeBa¨jrbs;TrY b‘nI ×1000(kW) ⇒

rUb ES21B smtßPaBLcMhay
451
maRta 22 karpÁt;pÁg;TwknigkarbeBa©jcMhayrbs;LcMhay
1 karbiTcMhay nigTwkpÁt;pÁg;
sßanPaBsnÞHbiTcMhay nigkarbiTTwkpÁtp; Ág;mandUcxageRkam ³
biTcMhay
kMedAeLIgvij MSV RSV ehSeNr:aT½r

kMedABiess CV ICV
LcMhay HP IP LP
G
biTTwk BILcMhaysm<aFx<s;
from HP
BILcMfrom
haysm< aFTab
LP
TwkRtCak;
From
Dearator CWP
Makeup
CP water
I
P Demister
BFBP BILcMhaysm<aFTab
I from LP
P BILcMhfrom
aysm<a FTab BILcMhaysm<aFTab CBP
LP from LP
T M kugdg;sr½ eFVcI MhayRCab[eTACaTwk
BFP
kMedAsm<aFTab
CP: b:mu bUmclnaeTAmk CBP: b:m
u bUmbegáInkMlaMgkñúgclnaeTAmk
LP: ]bkrN_kMedAsm<aFTab HP: ]bkrN_kMedAsm<aFx<s;
BFP: b:umbUmpþl;Twk[LcMhay BFBP: b:m u bUmbegáInsm<aFTwkpþl;[LcMhay
rUb ES22A : xYbTwknigcMhay éneragcRkGKiÁsnIedIredaykMedA

lMhrU cMhay
snÞHbiTebIk biT
LcMhay
snÞHbiTebIk biTsV½yRbvtþi
pþl;Tkw
rUb ES22B : KMrUBnül;
452
2 eRKÓgRbdab;bgðÚrecalsRmab;LcMhay
kñúgkrNIyLmanclnaTwkvilenAxagkñgú L EpñkxøHénTwkkkrkñúgLcMhayRtÚv)anbeBa©jmkeRkAeday
eFVIkarpÁt;pÁg;Tkw s¥atfµCI MnYsvij . enHKWkarkat;bnßyl,aykkr nigkMeTckMTIkúgñ LcMhay Edlbgáreday
kMTci kMTImni rlay nigkkrenAray):aykñúgTwk.
LcMhayGac)aj;beBa©jTwkkkr kMTickMTRI kxVk;ecjCasgVak; b¤edaybnþCab;rhYt . enAeBl
EdlkMeTckMTIkkrekIneLIgelIsBIkMritkMNt; LcMhayRtÚv)aj;xül;beBa©jbgðÚrTwkkkr kMTci kMTIRkxVk;ecj
EdleFVeI LIgedayéd edIm,IbnßykMTci kMTIkkredaykarpþl;Twks¥atfµIenaHmankMritkkrTab .
FugLcMhay
P m:UT½rbUmpÁt;pÁg;Tkw
eTAlUbgðÚrTwkecal
rUb ES22C : eRKÓgRbdab;bgðÚrecal
maRta 23 RbB½næRtÜtemIll½kçx½NÐdMeNIrkarrbs;LcMhay nigRbB½nækarBarsuvtßiPaB

nigpþl;sBaØa
1 RbB½n§RtÜtemIl nigpþl;sBaØa
kMritkMBs;Twkkñgú FugLcMhay
edIm,Ibgáarmin[manbBaðaekIteLIg LcMhayRtÚvbMBak;RbB½n§RtÜtemIl nigpþl;sBaØatamsßanPaB dUc
xageRkam ³
LcMhayclnaTwkvileTAmk y:agehacNas;RtÚvmantemøIgnaLikasÞg;bgðajBIkMritTwkdac;eday
ELkBIKñacMnYn2 KWCakBa©k;bgðajkMritTwkkúñgL nigmYyeTotGacCanaLikaRbePTmYyNak¾)ankñgú cMNuc2
dUcxageRkam³
453
¬1¦ naLikasÞg;Tkw bgðajtamkBa©k;¬ naLikasÞg;TwkmanBIrBN’¦temøIgenATItaMgmYyEdl
gayRsÜlemIleXIjkMritTwk
¬2¦ naLikabgðajkMritTwkBIcm¶ay .
rcnasm<n½ §énRbdab;bgðajkMritTwkRtÚvmanrYmbBa©ÚlnUvtRmÚvkar dUcxageRkam ³
¬1¦ v:al;bBaÄb; ¬b¤KnøHw ¦sMrab;naLikasÞg;Tkw nigbMBg;tP¢ab;;eTAnwgFugLcMhayRtÚvtemøIg[put
BIkMNkRkm:r¼kkrdI nigputBIkkrdéTeTotBIFugLcMhay .
¬2¦ naLikasÞg;TwkEdlP¢ab;RtÚvmaneCIgTRmmaM nigmanTItaMgRtwmRtÚv .
Rbdab;vas;sm<aFnigsItuNðPaB
¬1¦ LcMhayRtÚvmanbMBak;Rbdab;vas;sm<aFmYyeRKOg enAEpñkRckecjén]bkrN_kMedAx<s;
nigmYyeRKOgeTotRtÚverobcMtemøIgkñgú sßanIyRtÜtBinitü .
¬2¦ Rbdab;vas;sm<aFRtÚvmanRkit 1>5dg b¤RkitelIsBIkMritRkitsm<aFénsnÞHbiTebIksuvtßiPaB.
kRmitsm<aFGnuBaØatis
þ Rmab;dMeNIkarFugLcMhay b¤]bkrN_kMedAx<s;RtÚvmansBaØa
sMKal;BiesselIRkitrbs;naLikasÞg;sm<aFedayELk²BIKña .
¬3¦ enAEpñkRckecjcMhayén]bkrN_dutkMedA[x<s; b¤]bkrN_dutkMedAeLIgvijRtÚvmanbMBak;
Rbdab;vas;stI N
u ðPaB.
RbePTFugLcMhaymannaLikasÞg;Twk
¬1¦ naLikasÞg;TwkBIrBN’
kMritTwkRtÚv)anvas;edayeRbIcMNaMgBnørW vag Twk nigcMhay .
GMBlU ePøIg
Rkhm
¬k¦ krNIcMhay
(a) In case of steam kRmitTwk
exov
¬x¦ krNITkw
(b) In case of water
ynþkar]
[
kRmitTwkRtÚv)anvas;edayeRbIcMNaMgBnørW vagTwk nigcMhay . kñgú naLikasÞg;TwkenH cMhaymanBN’
Rkhm nigTwkmanBN’exov .
rUb ES23A : naLi
454
kasÞg;TwkmanBIrBN’
¬2¦ naLikasÞg;Twkmanrn§sRmab;BinitükMritTwkeRcIn
kRmitTwkRtÚv)anvas;edaymaneRbIkBa©k;rwgmUlmYycMnYn .
kRmitTwk
rUb ES23B : naLikasÞg;TwkmanRckeRcIn
455
EpñkRtÜtBinitüemIlLcMhay
¬1¦ kEnøgtemøIg
maRta 23.1.c
maRta 23.1.a-b Superheater
Economizer
bMBg;bgðÜt tube
FugcMhay
Steam drum
Evaporation
Feedb:water
umbUmpþl;Tpump
kw
maRta 23.1.a-b maRta 23.1.c
¬k¦ LclnaeTAmkFmµta
(a) Natural circulation boiler
maRta 23.2.a
Steam drum Superheater

FugcMhay Superheater
Economizer Economizer
bMBg;bgðÜt tube
bMBg;bgðÜt tube
b:umbUmclnaeTAmk
Evaporation
Evaporation
maRta 23.2.c
Twkrbs;LcMhpump
Boiler water
circulation ay
b:umpump
Feed bUmpþwater
l;Tkw b:umpump
Feed bUmpþwater
l;Tkw
¬x¦ LRtÜtBinitüclnaeTAmk
(b) Controlled circulation boiler ¬K¦ Lqøgkat;my
Y dgboiler
(c) One-through
rUb ES23C : ]TahrN_énEpñkRtÜtBinitüemIl

¬2¦ karRtÜtBinitüemIlTwkLcMhay
TwkLcMhayRtÚvviPaK nigGegátGMBIEpëknanaEdlmanlayGuk‘ sIEu sn dg;sIeu tsIlIka PH
kugDucTIvIet nigdg;seIu tGIuRdÚEsn .
¬3¦ karRtÜtBinitüemIlLTwk
Rbdab;vPi aKTwk b¤]bkrN_déTeTot nigkarRtÜtBinitüemIlKuNPaBpÁt;pÁg;Tkw nigTwkLcMhay .
456
CatiKImIpÁtpÁg;ps
U aV t eRCIserIsTwk
RbB½næsMxan;²éneragcRkedIredaycMhay
/N2H4 .l.
RbB½næpÁtp; Ág;CatiKImI RbB½næeRCIserIs

sBaØargVas;
RbB½næemIlKuNPaBTwk
sBaØaRtYtBinitü
rUb ES23D ]bkrN_RtÜtBinitüsarFatu KuNPaBTwk
smasFatusxM an;énRbB½næRtÜtBinitüKuNPaBTwkmanRbB½næeRCIserIsTwk RbB½nBæ initüKuNPaBTwk

nigRbB½næpÁt;pÁg;CatiKImI .
RbB½nnæ ImYy² manmuxgareFVkI arerog²xønÜ .
cMnucsMxan;bpM utkñúgkarpÁt;pÁg;Tkw eTA[LcMhaymandUcxageRkam ³
1- dkykGuksuIEsnBIkñúgTwk
2- rUbPaBrbs; pH
3- PaBminsuTæ
457
3-2 EpñkTI 2 ³ TYb‘ÍncMhay
maRta 25 kMlaMgemkanicénTYb‘ÍncMhay nigeRKOgbnÞab;bnSMrbs;va
1 vtßúFatusMrab;TYbn‘Í cMhay nigeRKOgbnÞab;bnSMrbs;va
RtÚveRbIvtßúFatuRtwmRtÚvsMrab;EpëksMxan;²ènTYrb‘nÍ cMhay edIm,IrkSadMeNIrkarEdl)ansikSaerobcM
nigGayuukalrbs;TbY Ín‘ . taragxageRkam KWCa]TahrN_énvtßúFatuEdl)aneRbIR)as;CaTUeTA sMrab;Epñk
nImYy²ènTYbn‘Í .
tarag ES25A ³ ]TahrN_énvtßúFatusMxan;²eRbIsRmab;TbY Ín‘ èneragcRkGKis
Á nIedIredaykMedA
Epñk vtßúFatu
sMbk Edksµti , EdkbnÞ³, Edkm:UlbI Edn, EdkRkÚmm:UlIbEdn, Edk Cr-Mo-V
ex©A Edkkae)an, EdkRkÚmm:UlIbEdn, Edk Cr-Mo-V, Edk Cr-Mo W-V, Edk
Ni-Cr-Co Ti-Mo
r:UTr½ Edkkae)an , EdkRkÚmm:UlIbEdn, Edk Cr-Mo-V, Edk Ni-Cr-Mo-Nb-V,
Edk 12Cr
søabkgðal; Edk 12Cr steel, EdkRkÚmnIEkl, Edk Ti, Edk Cr-Mo-W-V , Edk Cr-Mo-
Nb-V, Edk Ni-Cr-Co-Ti-Mo
k,alTueya nigsøabsþaTic Edk 12Cr, Edk 13Cr, Edk Cr-Mo-Nb-V, Edk Cr-Mo-W-V
sItN
u ðPaB nigsm<aFcMhaysMxan;² ¬l½kçx½NÐsm<aF¦ énTYbÍn‘ eragcRkGKis Á nIedIredaykMedA
GaRs½yelIRbePTTYbn‘Í nigkarrYmpSMl½kçx½NÐ nigeKalbMNgénkareRbIR)as; .l. ]sSahkr¬plitkr¦
RtÚveRCIserIsvtßúFatusMrab;TYbÍn‘ cMhay[)anRtwmRtÚvsRmab;l½kçx½NÐcMhaynImYy² .
458
tarag ES25B ³ ]TahrN_énvtßúFatuEdlGaceRbI)ansRmab;EpëksMxan;²ènTYb‘Ín
l½kçx½NÐcMhay 24.1 MPa
538C
24.1MPa
566C
24.1MPa
593C
sm<aFcMhaysMxan; 566C 593C 593C
sItN u ðPaBcMhaysMxan;
sItN u ðPaBcMhaykMedAeLIgvij
r:UTr½ ¬sm<aFx<s;¦ EdkRcúg Cr-Mo-V EdkRcúg 12Cr
FugCMha‘nTI1 ¬sm<aFx<s;¦ EdkRcúg１２Cr EdkRcúgEktRmÚv１２Cr
RbGb;Teu ya ¬sm<aFx<s;¦ Edksµti Cr－Mo－V Edksµti 12Cr b¤ Cr-
rich forged steel
sMbkEpñkxageRkA ¬sm<aFx<s;¦ Edksµti Cr-Mo-V Edksµti 12Cr
sMbkEpñkxagkñgú ¬sm<aFx<s;¦ Edksµti Cr-Mo-V Edksµti 12Cr
r:UTr½ ¬sm<aFmFüm¦ EdkRcúg 12Cr EdkRcúgEktRmÚv 12Cr
FugCMha‘nTI1 ¬sm<aFmFüm¦ EdkRcúg 12Cr EdkRcúgEktRmÚv 12Cr
sMbkEpñkxageRkA ¬sm<aFmFüm¦ Edksµti Cr-Mo-V
sMbkEpñkxagkñgú ¬sm<aFmFüm¦ Edksµti Cr-Mo-V Edksµti 12Cr
snÞHbiTebIkbBaÄb;chM ayem Edksµti Cr-Mo-V b¤ Edksµti Cr- Edksµti 12Crl
nigsnÞHbiTebIkRtÜtBinitü Cr-Mo-V EdkRcúg Mo-V
snÞHbiTebIkbBaÄb;chM aykMedAeLIgvij Edksµti Cr-Mo-V Edksµti 12Cr

karBnül;elIEpëknImYy²ènTYrb‘nÍ cMhay
¬1¦ RbGb;sMbk
RbGb;sbM kKWCaEpñkmYyénKMrbr:UTr½ nigbegátI CamuxxageRkArbs;TrY b‘nÍ . sMbksm<aFx<s; b¤
mFümmanrcnasm<n½ §RtÜtKñapSMeLIgBIRbGb;xagkñúg nigRbGb;xageRkAedayKitelIEpñkrgkMedA PaBEdleFVI[xUc
RTg;RTayedaykMedA nigkarrIkeLIgedaykMedA .
sMbkTaMgenHRtÚv)anRTedaytMNelIbgø ;edk ehIyGacBRgIkeTAeqVg b¤eTAsþaMEdlmanTisedAeTAelI
b¤eTAeRkam . bMBg;bgðÚrTaMgGs;RtUv)antemøgI elIépÞrabrbs;RbGb; ¬emIlrUbxageRkam¦ .
459
TYrb‘ÍnTI1
Primary turbine
TYrb‘Ínsm<aFmFüm
Medium-pressure turbine
bMBg;qøgkat;
Crossover pipe
TYrb‘ÍnTI2
TYrb‘Ínsm<aFx<s;
High-pressure turbine
Secondary
turbine
r:UTr½ Rotor
Blades
Inner casing
Outer casing
Epñkmux)a:dagbBaÄr ¬hÁvÚ :aNW¦
Front bearing stand (governor)
TYrb‘Ínsm<aFTab
Low-pressure turbine
):adag
Bearing
rUb ES25A : tYTYrb‘nÍ sMxan;² ¬rUbPaBkat;TYrb‘nÍ ¦
460
¬2¦ ]bkrN_CMruj
]bkrN_CMruj KWCa]bkrN_mYyEdlviledaysareel,ÓnénfamBlcMhay ehIybBa¢ÚnkMlaMg
bgVli eTAbgVilehSenr:aT½r . ]bkrN_CMrujrYmmandgbgVli søab nigtMNdgbgVil . ]bkrN_CMruj
CaTUeTARtUv)ansagsg;edayRcug . r:UTr½ xøHRtÚv)anP¢ab;KñaeTAvijeTAmksRmab;]bkrN¾C¿rujedaysar
EtmankarkMNt;elIvtßúFatu. søabvildMNalKñaCamYynwgdgbgVli eRkam\TiB§ lénkMlaMgrbs;cMhay .
søabTaMgenHRtUvrgnUvkMlaMgcakp©it . rUbsNæanénsøabTaMgenHmanbgðaj dUckñgú rUb ES3B .
CaBiess cMeBaHsøabkgðarEdlEvgenAEpñkxagcugmansm<aFTab mankMlaMgGIRu dÚDINamicxøaMgmanlkçN³
CarMj½r . RbGb;sbM k nig]bkrN_CrM ujRtÚveFVIeLIgFn;nwgsItN u ðPaBx<s; nigsm<aFx<s; .
]bkrN_CMrujEdlbEnßmelIkMlaMgcakp©itxøaMg RtÚvplitBIvtßúFatumanPaBrwgmaMxøaMgsMrab;Tb;Tl;nwgsItuNðPaB
x<s; .
Bladesøab
(i) (ii) (iii) (i) (ii) (iii) (iv)

cg¥Úrrbs;
Impeller’s
groove
(iv) ]bkrN_CRmuj
¬k¦ (a)TMrg;Various
epSg²rbs;
shapes s aø b
of blades
¬x¦ karcab; P¢ab;søabelI]bkrN_CRmuj
(b) Fixation of blade on the impeller
rUb ES25B ³ ]bkrN_CRmújrbs;TYrb‘Ín
søabTYrb‘Ínsm<aFTab
461
2-Rbdab;karBarsm<aFelIs
[Rbdab;kaBarTb;Tl;ng w kMeNInsm<aFenAkEnøgbeBa©jlMhrU cMhay ]
kEnøgbeBa©jcMhaysm<aFTabrbs;suLI aMg b¤kugdg;s½rRtÚvmanbMBak;nUvsnÞHbiTebIkbn§Úrsm<aF
b¤snÞHbn§rÚ briyakasEdlmansmtßPaBRKb;RKan;edIm,IrkSasm<aF[zitkñúgkMritGnuBaØat edIm,IkarBarRbdab;
bn§rÚ sm<aF.
rUbxageRkambgðajBITtI aMgrbs;snÞHbn§Úr TYb‘Ínsm<aFTab .
snÞHbn§Úrbriyakas
sMbkTYrb‘nÍ em ¬sm<aFTab¦
dgbgVilTYrb‘nÍ
bMBg;RckcUlsm<aFTab
snÞHbn§Úrsm<aFTabTYrb‘Ín
rUb ES25C : TItaMgsnÞHbn§ÚrTYrb‘nÍ sm<aFTab
maRta 26 )a:dagénTYrb‘ÍncMhay
)a:dagénTYrb‘ÍncMhayRtÚvtemøIgenAEpëkTaMgsgçagènTYrb‘nÍ edayELk²BIKëa. )a:dagenHmantYnaTIsMxan;
Nas;kgëú karRTr:UT½rTYrb‘nÍ em .
462
TYrb‘nÍ sm<aFmFüm
TYrb‘nÍ sm<aFx<s;
)a:dag )a:dag )a:dag
rUb ES26A ³ )a:dagTYrb‘nÍ
463
maRta 27 - karRKb;RKgel,Ónrbs;TYrb‘Ín
1- Rbdab;RKb;RKgel,Ón
TYrb‘nÍ cMhaysRmab;plitfamBlcaM)ac;RtÚvmanbMBak;nUvRbdab;RKb;RKgel,ÒnsRmab;RtÜtBinitülMhrU
cMhayenARckcUlTYrb‘Ín .
kargarRtÜtBinitüenHsRmab;RtÜtBinitükarERbRbÜlbnÞúk nigel,ÓnrgVil .
Rbdab;RKb;RKgel,ÓnemKWCa]bkrN_BRgIksBaØ[eXIjPaBxusKñaénel,On nigrktémøel,ÓnrgVli rbs;
TYrb‘nÍ .
RbePTénRbdab;RKb;RKgel,Ón manRbdab;RKb;RKgel,Ónedayemkanic Rbdab;RKb;RKgel,Ón
edaysm<aFeRbg nigRbdab;RKb;RKgel,ÓnedayGKiÁsnI .
Rbdab;RKb;RKgel,ÒnRtÜtBinitüel,ÒnTYrb‘Ín edayeRbIPaBxusKñaénkMlaMgcakp©it .
føWeight
gw Tm¶n; Speader
ruWs½r
Spring
Fulcrum
biTnigebIk
Open and Close
snÞHbiTebIControl
kRtÜtBinValve
ti ü cMhay
Steam
ehSenr: aT½r
Generator
TYrb‘nÍ
Turbine G
ekInel,ÒnrgVilTYrb‘nÍ
ekInkMlaMgcak;p©it
Condenserkugdg;sr½
rUb ES27A ³ Rbdab;RKb;RKgel,ÓnRbePTemkanic
464
karrkeXIjel,Ón
Speed detection ebIk-
S
Open-s
rWs½r
Spring
GaMEBr
Amp
rbMu
RtÜtBinti übnÞúk
Load control
SbiT-
Close-s
Coil
EpñkeFVI[dUcedIm
Restore parts ecj
Out
ehSenr:aT½r
Generator cUInl
ecj
Out
ExS b¤kMNat;
Return Wire or
Return Rod
dgbgVShaft
li Rtlb;
ebIk
Open
biT
Close
Servomotor
dgbgVli TYrb‘Ín
rUb ES27B ³ Rbdab;RKb;RKgel,ÓnRbePTGKis

Á nI
2- PaKrybERmbRmYlel,Ón
PaKrybERmbRmYlel,Ón KWCaGRtaènkarpøas;bÚrþ el,ÒnTYrb‘nÍ kalNacrnþecjBIehSeNr:aT½rERbRbYl
kñúgxN³EdlRbdab;RKb;RKgTYrb‘nÍ dMeNIrkarRbRktI . PaKrybERmbRmYlel,Ónmanbgðajkñgú rUbmnþdUc
xageRkam ³
(N2-N1) / Nn x 100 (%)
R=
(P1-P2) / Pn
kñúgenaH ³
N1- el,ÒnTYrb‘nÍ muncMNcu bnÞúkERbRbYl
N2- el,ÒnTYrb‘nÍ eRkaycMNcu bnÞúkERbRbYl
P1- GanuPaBecjBIehSeNr:aT½rmuncMNc u bnÞúkERbRbYl
P2- GanuPaBecjBIehSeNr:aT½reRkaycMNucbnÞk ú ERbRbYl
R- bERmbRmYlel,Òn¬këg ú krNIehSeNr:aT½rTYrb‘nÍ cMhay/ 3-5°¦
465
eRkaybnÞúkERbRbYl
N2
munbnÞúkERbRbYl
N1
el,Ón¬Cu¼M naTI¦
R bERmbRmYlel,Ón %
P=0 (bnÞkú sUnü) Pn=bnÞkú edIm
P2 P1 bnÞkú P(kW)
rUb ES27C ³ PaKrybERmbRmYlel,Ón

]TahrN_ ³
1- RbsinebIRbB½nb§ Nþaj bnÞúkxøHcuH
2- eRhVkg;bNþaj b£¼nigel,ÒnTYrb‘ÍnnwgekIneLIgBI N1 eTA N2 .
3- GanuPaBecjBIehSeNr:aT½rnwgfycuHBI P1 eTA P2.
3- el,Ònrbs;TYrb‘Ín
el,Ónrbs;TrY b‘nÍ RtUv)anEbgEckdUcxageRkam ³
① el,ÓnedIm ³KWCael,ÓnEdlvilkñg ú kMriteRhVkg;edIm .
② el,ÓnFmµta ³RtUvsßt i enAcenøaH 98 % eTA 101% énel,ÓnedIm .
③ bERmbRmYlRbtibtþikar ³ RtUvsßitenAcenøaH 95 % eTA 105% énel,ÓnedIm.
RKb;krNIbnÞúksßitkñúgcenøaHKµanbnÞkú nigbnÞkú edIm bERmbRmYlel,ÓnGciéRnþy¾RtUvsßitkñúg +5%
énel,ÓnedIm .
④ el,ÓnhYskMNt; ³RtUvelIsBI 101% énel,ÓnedIm .
⑤ Rbdab;RKb;RKgel,ÓnRKaGasnñ ³RtUveFVIskmµPaBpþac;el,ÓnenAkMrit 110% (+1%) énel,ÓnedIm .
bERmbRmYlm:Um:g; (Momentary variation)minRtUv[elIsBI 10% énel,ÓnedIm
enAeBlEdlcrnþedImecjBIehSenr:aT½rbiTPøam² (Thrown off).
⑥ el,ÓneRKaHfñak; ³
⑥-1 el,ÓneRKaHfñak;RtUvputBI(Beyond)
el,Ònrbs;TrY b‘nÍ EdleTAdl;kalNabnÞkú edImRtUv)ankat;pþac;edayBumM anRbtibtþikarrbs;Rbdab;RKb;
RKgel,Ón.
⑥-2 el,ÓneRKaHfñak;RtUvsßiteRkam 94% énel,ÓnedIm .
466
⑤ ⑥-1
110%(±1%)
④
el,ÓnedIm 100%
①
③
② 94%
⑥-2
rUb ES27D ³ el,Ònrbs;TYrb’nÍ
Rbdab;RKb;RKgsnÞHbiTebIk
RKaGasnñ
snÞHbiTebIkRtYtBinti ü 10%
el,ÓnedIm
eBl
5%
bBaÄb;bnÞkú ehSeNr:aT½r
rUb ³bERmbRmYlel,Ònrbs;TYrb’nÍ këgú krNIbBaÄb;bnÞkú

ES27E
4- snÞHbiTebIkRtÜtBinitü
TYrb‘nÍ RtÚvmanbMBak;nUvsnÞHbiTebIkedaymancMnYnmYyRtwmRtÚv . snÞHbiTebIkTaMgenHRtÚvman
lT§PaBRtÜtBinitücMeBaHkarpÁtp; Ág;cMhaydMbgU [eTATYrb‘ÍnelIel,ÒnTaMgRsúg nigbERmbRmYlbnÞúk .
467
elIsBIenH snÞHbBaÄb;smRsbenARKamanGasnñnwgRtÚvmanbMBak;Caes‘rICamYysnÞHbiTebIkRtÜt
BinitüTaMgenH. snÞHbiTebIkEdlTTYlcMhaydMbUgRtÚvmanbMBak;nvU tRmgcMhaynImYy²Edlzit[)ankan;Et
Ek,r tamEdlGaceFVeI TA)anenAEpñkxagelIénsnÞHbiTebIk .
5- el,ÓneRKaHfñak;rbs;TYrb‘nÍ
¬1¦ el,ÓneRKaHfñak;
CaTUeTAel,ÓnrgVli rbs;m:asIunmaneRhVkg;minefrrbs;va edaysarEtPaBERbRbÜlénel,Ón. rMj½r
ènTYrb‘nÍ ekIneLIgPøam² enAeBlel,ÒnTYrb‘ÍnekIneLIg nigfycuH. enHCamUlehtueFIV[el,ÒnrgVli rbs;TrY b‘nÍ
EdleFV[I eRhVkg;minenAefr ehIyel,ÓnrgVilenHehAfa el,ÓneRKaHfñak;.
r:UTr½ GacrgnUvkarb:HBal; b¤xUcxatedaysarpøas;bþÚrxøaMgenAel,ÓneRKaHfñak; .dUecñHel,ÓneRKaHfñak;
RtÚv)ankMNt;[elOneRcIndgCagel,ÓnedImrbs;TYrb‘Ín nigcat;Tku faCakarcaM)ac;RtÚvbeBa©ós[putBIer:sUNg;
énel,ÓnrgVil nigel,ÓneRKaHfñak; ¬eyagxwmø sarBnül;maRta 3-4¦ .
cMNucRbsBVènel,ÒneRKaHfëak;rbs;TYrb‘ÍncMhayRtÚv[mankMritRKb;RKan;cenøaHBI 94%énel,ÓnedIm
eFobnwgel,ÓnEdleTAdl; enAeBlbnÞúkRtÚv)ankat;pþac;Pøam²eRkaml½kçx½NÐEdlRbdab;RKb;RKgel,Ón
mineFVIskmµPaB .
¬2¦ mUlehturMj½rdéTeTot
eyagxwmø sarBnül;maRta 28 cMNuc1-3 .
6- karkarBarel,ÓnhYskMNt;
kar)at;bg;bnÞúkPøam² nigTaMgRsúgnwgbNþal[elIsel,ÒnTYrb‘nÍ . CaTUeTARbdab;RKb;RKgel,Òn
nwgeFVIskmµPaBPøam²edaybiTsnÞHRtÜtBinitü EdlbnßylMhrU cMhay kñgú l½kçx½NÐKµanbnÞkú .
RbsinebIRbdab;RKb;RKgel,ÓnmanbBaða el,Ónr:UT½rekIny:agrh½sBIeRBaHr:TU r½ enHRbwgRsÚbfamBl
TaMgGs;rbs;]sµn½ Edl)aj;ecjBIbBM g;beBa©jcMhay .
Rbdab;pþac;el,ÓnelIs b¤Rbdab;RKb;RKgel,ÓnRKamanGasnñRtÚveFVIetsþCaRbcaM nigenARKb;
kal³eTs³ edIm,IFanakñgú l½kçx½NÐeRtomdMeNIrkarRtwmRtÚv .
Rbdab;pþac;el,ÓnelIsRtÚvdMeNIrkarFmµtaenAel,Ón 10° elIsel,ÓnedIm nigminRtÚvmanlMeGog
elIs b¤xVH 1° énel,ÓnedIm ¬eBalKWenAel,ÓnminelIsBI 11° nigTabCag 9° elIsBIel,ÓnedIm
cMNucénRbdab;RKb;RKgel,ÓnRKamanGasnñeFVs I kmµPaB)anBIsgþ ;da IEC 45-1 nigsþg;dabec©keTs
GKis
Á nICb:un¦ .
468
rUbKMnUrxageRkambgêajBIRbB½n§Rbdab;RKb;RKgTYrb‘Ín nigRbB½n§rMejac ³
Tur H2
TurRtYtBinitüTYrb‘nÍ
TurRtYtBinitü
TYrb‘Ín DihSúgT½rem
TurbBa¢a
TUrRtYtBiinti üTYrb‘In GanuPaB TUrbBa¢a Rtg;sÚmV :aT½rem
TUrbMrugP¢ab;TYrb‘In
sBAØaRbtibtþikarC/B
Rbdab;rkSalMngw
sBaØael,ÒnTYrb‘nI sBaØav:lu ehSeNr:aT½r tg’süúg
RbB½n§Rbdab;RKb;RKg sBaØav:ulehSeNr:aT½r
RtYtBinitübnÞkú
Rbdab; mkBIL Rbdab;rMejac
Rbdab;kRmitbnÞkú RKb;RKg
Rbdab;sgÞ ;keM dA
snÞHbiTebIkbMrug eday
mUT: ½r
Rbdab;bBa¢ael,Ón
Rbdab;RKb;RKg RbGb;elx
ehSenra:T½r
snÞHbiTebIkbnÞab; eTARbdab;keM dA
RtYtBinitüsnÞHbiTebIk
mkBIRbdab;keM dA
rUb ES27F ³ RbBn½§TUrbBa¢aTYrb‘ÍnehSeNr:aT½r
maRta 28 l½kçx½NÐpþl;sBaØa nigbBaÄb;TYrb‘ÍnenARKaGasnñ

1- RbB½n§karBar b£RbB½n§kat;pþac;RKaGasnñ
1-1kugdg;s½r
kugdg;sr½ eFVI[cMhayecjBITYrb‘ÍnRtCak; nigkkeTACaTwkeLIgvij rkSakRmitsuBaØakas bBa©úHsm<aF
beBa¨j nigeFV[I RbesIreLIgnUvTinëpl nigRbsiT§PaBènTYrb‘nÍ cMhay.
¬ bBa¨úHsm<aFbeBa¨j bnßykar)at;bg;xül;rbs;TYrb‘Ín ¦
469
cMhaybeBa¨jBITYrb‘Ín
bMBg;kgu dg;s½r
kugdg;s½r
TwkRtCak;
pþl;eTARbB½nT§ wk
rUb ES28A kugdg;s½rKMrU
2
sItuNðPaB
4 3
famBlmineRbIR)as;
Entropy s
rUb düaRkam ¬xYber:nKIn¦

ES28B T-s
dMeNIrkar 4-1³ dMbUgsnÞnIykmµRtUv)anbUmeLIgBIsm<aFTabeTAx<s;edayb:umbUm

dMeNIrkar 1-2³ Twksm<aFx<s;cUleTAkñúgLmYyEdlRtUvkMedAenAsm<aFefr edayeRbIRbPBkMedAeRkAmYy
edIm,Ikøay CacMhayekþAxøaMg (Superheater steam)
dMeNIrkar 2-3³ cMhayekþAxøaMgcUleTAkëgú TYrb‘ÍnedIm,IplitGKÁisnI
470
dMeNIrkar 3-4³ cMhaycUlkñgú kugdg;sr½ ehIyRtUv)aneFVI[RtCak; edIm,IkøayCaTwkEq¥t.
bnÞab;mkTwkenHcUlCafµeI TAkñúgbUm ehIycab;epþImxYbeLIgvij.
2-RbB½n§pþl;sBaØaRKaGasnñ
taragkRmitGnuBaØatiéneTVGaMBTøI tu GtibrimaénrMj½r
¬1¦ kñúgkrNIEdlel,ÓnTabCagel,ÓnedIm
¬2¦ kñúgkrNIEdlel,Ónmini TabCagel,ÓnedIm
eRkamel,ÓnhYskMNt;¬3/270CuM¼naTI¦
②
el,ÓnedIm¬3/000 b£1/500CuM¼naTI¦
①
0CuM¼naTI
rUb ES28C kRmitGnuBaØaténrMj½r
2>1 TRmg;énrMjr½
¬1¦ rMj½r
RbsinebIr:UTr½ RtÚv)antemøgI edayelah³manl,ayesµs I ac;l¥RtÚvsMNMucMkNþaldgbgVil r:UTr½ Gacvil
dl;el,ÓnmYykMNt;edayKµanrMj½r ehIyenAEtrwgmaMl¥ . b:Eu nþenAeBlTRmrvag)adag r:UT½rTYb‘ÍnTaMgGs;
manmMpu øas;brþÚ kMNt;Cak;lak; ehIyr:UT½rTYrb‘nÍ TaMgenHBt;eBneRkamTm¶n;pÞal;rbs;va .
mankarlM)akkñgú karsMerceKaledAeFVI[r:UTr½ mantulüPaBl¥\tex©aH fVeI bIbnÞab;BImankaréltRmÚv
Tm¶n;[mantulüPaB k¾enAEtGacmanGtulüPaBtUcmYyénTm¶n;ekItmanenAkñgú r:UT½r .
¬vadUcnwgkarføgw Tm¶n;kg;rfynþ¦ .
¬2¦ rMj½rènTYbn‘Í ehSenr:aT½r
karRtÜtBinitürMj½r
CaFmµta )a:dagnImYy²rbs;TbY Ín‘ b¤eCIgRT)a:dagnImYy²RtÚvmanrgVas;Th
M eM TV¬2¦dgénGMBTøI tU
amplitude dgbgVl i TYrb‘Ín .
kñúgkrNINak¾eday Rbdab;kt;RtarMj½rRtÚverobcMtemøIg nigRtÚvmansmtßPaBkt;RtanUvkarERbRbÜl
GMBIøTUt amplitude .
471
GMBTøI UtrMj½r
kMritGMBTøI Ut¬amplitude)rMj½rGnuBaØatenAel,ÓnedIm xusKñaeTAtamkarplitBIeragcRk . eyagtam
esovePAENnaM nigk,ÜndMeNIrkar . RbsinebIGMBTøI UtrMj½relIsBIkMritEdlGnuBaØat mUlehtuEdl)an
bgðajkñgú EpñkxageRkamRtÚvRtÜtBinitüedIm,IEkrMj½r .
eyag] ¬eyagtamsþg;da
[ IEC :yfaRbePTsMrab;TYbn‘Í cMhay IEC60045-1 (1991) :¦
el,ÒnedImrbs;TrY b‘nÍ CMku ñúg1naTI 1/000 1/500 1/800 3/000 3/600 6/000 12/000
eTVGMBIøTuténrMj½r):adag mm 0>075 0>050 0>042 0>025 0>021 0>012 0>006
rMj½rdgbgVilEdlGacTTYlyk)an CaFmµtaRtÚvKitfa[FMCag 2dg énrMj½r)a:dagxagelI . b:Eu nþ
rMj½rdgbgVilminbBa©ÚlCalkçN³vinicäy
½ eLIy .
¬sMKal;¦ ³ tèmøEdlGnuBaØatTaMgenH GnuvtþcMeBaHTYrb‘nÍ EdlmantulüPaBl¥ .
¬3¦ buBVehtuénrMj½r
k- PaBxusEbøk
- mincMcMNuckNþalRtwmRtÚv
- PaBxusKñaéntMN
- karFøak;cuHminesµIKëa ¼ karxUcRTg;RTayènRKwHTYrb‘Ín
- karswk)a:dag
- karxUcRTg;RTaysMbk
x- kMlaMgminesµKI ña
- tulüPaBminl¥
- PaBekagrbs;r:UT½r
- PaBminesµIsac;énvtßúFatur:UTr½
- karxUc sMNwk karswkEpñkrgVil
- karbEnßmxñatKña
- manvtßúravsßitenAkñúgRbelaHkNþal
- rMkilcMNucRbCuMTmJn;
K- karb:HKñarvagEpñkrgVli nigEpñknwg
- xUcEdl)a:daglyecj
- karcUl)annUvcMhaymanlayxül; nigTwk
472
X- bBaðaxageRkA
- xUcEpëkxagkëúgTYrb‘nÍ
- karsMGatmin)anRtwmRtÚvenAeBlpÁúM rYmTaMgkarbgðÚrTwk (Drain)
g- el,ÓneRKaHfñak;
- bEnßmer:sN U g;elIRKwH
c- GesßrPaBénRsTab;eRbgkñúg)a:dag
q- sItuNðPaBeRbgkñúg)a:dagTab
C-ERbRbÜlbnÞkú Pøam² b¤PaBminRtwmRtÚvénl½kçx½NÐbnÞúk l½kçx½NÐel,Ón b¤l½kçx½NÐcMhay
Q- karxVHCatirMGilenAeCIgRT)a:dag
2>2 RbGb;elx ¬karbgáarrMj½r¦
muneBlbeBaäH b¤bnÞab;BIbBaÄb;TrY b‘nÍ ]bkrN_enHRtÚvdMeNIrkaredIm,IbgVli dgrgVilTYrb‘nÍ BI 2 eTA
3CMu kñúg1naTI dUecñHkarEbgEcksItuNðPaBGacrkSaesµI²KñakñúgRbGb;sMbkedIm,IkarBardgbgVli BIkarxUc
RTg;RTay.
RbsinebIcaM)ac; RtÚvmancak;esaredIm,IFanafa karbgVilminGaccab;epþIm)anrhUtdl;mankarpÁtp; Ág;
eRbgrMGli RKb;RKan; nigkarbgVli Cab;eBjelj .
RbGb;elxRtÚvpþac;edaysV½yRbvtþi enAeBlel,ÒnTYrb‘ÍnekIneLIgelIsBIel,Ònrbs;RbGb;elx .
3000 CMku ñúg1naTI 3000 CMku ñúg1naTI
CMku ñúg1naTI
dMeNIrkarbgVli
eBl
bBaÄb;TrY b‘nÍ TYrb‘nÍ cab;epþmI beBaáH
rUb ES28D : KMrUkmµviFIdMeNIrkarTYrb‘nÍ
473
maRta 29 - karRtYtemIll½kçx½NÐdMeNIrkarrbs;TYrb‘Ín
RbB½n§RtÜtemIl nigRbB½n§pþl;sBaØarbs;TrY b‘nÍ cMhay
edIm,IbgàarTYrb‘nÍ cMhayBIbBaêa TYrb‘nÍ cMhayRtÚvmanbMBak;nUvRbB½nR§ tÜtemIl nigRbB½n§pþl;sBaØa
dUcbgðajkñúgrUb ES29A .
sItuNðPaBnigsMBaF
cMhayem CV TItaMgsnÞHbiTebIk
snÞHbiTebIkbBaÄb;em
el,ÒnTYrb‘Ín
TYrb‘nÍ sMBaFx<s; TYrb‘ÍnsMBaFmFüm
TYrb‘ÍnsMBaFTab
rMj½rTYrb‘Í snÞHbiTebIkbBaÄb;
nn kMedAeLIgvij sMBaFcMhay
]bkrN_keM dAeLIgvij beBa¨jrbs;TYbn‘Í
sItuNðPaB nigsMBaF kugdg;sr½

kMedAcMhayeLIgvij
rUb ES29A : RbB½n§RtÜtemIl nigRbB½n§pþl;sBaØa
karRbúgRby½tësMrab;kardMeNIrkarTYrb‘nÍ
eragcRkplitTYrb‘nÍ cMhaybgêajGMBIkarRbúgRby½ts
ñ Mrab;kardMeNIrkar nignItiviFIdMeNIrkarrYmTaMg
karbeBaáH karbBaÄb; karERbRbÜlbnÞkú .l. rbs;TrY b‘nÍ cMhay . GëkeRbI ¬Gëkkan;GaCJab½NÑ¦RtÚv
Gnuvtþtamk,ÜnENnaMrbs;TrY b‘nÍ enH .
cMNucRbúgRby½tëTUeTAsMrab;kardMeNIrkarTYrb‘nÍ mandUcxageRkam ³
1> sItNu ðPaBcMhayem nigsItN u ðPaBcMhaykMedAduteLIgvij nigsMBaFrbs;va ¬GaRs½ynwg
dMeNIrkarLcMhay¦
2> rMj½rTYrb‘nÍ ¬kMritTMhMrMj½rEdlGnuBaØatenAel,ÒnedImxusBIGMPIøTUtrMj½rTYrb‘nÍ BIeragcRk¦
3> sMBaF nigsItN u êPaBeRbgrMGilTYrb‘nÍ .
474
segàtsMBaF nigsItuNêPaBeRbgrMGilTYrb‘Ín
)a:dag
)a:dagKWCaEpëksMxan;srM ab;RTdgbgVli TYrb‘Ín . man)a:dag2RbePTEdleRbIR)as; ³ )a:dagRbcaMèf¶
(Journal bearings) eRbIsrM ab;RTTm¶n;dgbgVl i nig)a:dagbuk (Thrust bearings) eRbIsRmab;RTkMlaMg
G½kSePøA . )a:dagbukRTkmøaMgbukEdlbegáItkñúgTisedAG½kSrbs; impeller edIm,IrkSasßanPaBG½kS .
eRbgrMGil ¼]bkrN_RtÜtBinitüeRbgrMGil
enAeBlTYrb‘ÍndMeNIrkar m:UT½rbUmeRbgempþl;eRbg[)a:dag nigeRKOgRtÜtBinitü ehIyeRbg)a:dageFVI
clnaRtlb;eTAmk . ]bkrN_enH rYmmanm:UT½rbUmeRbgem m:UT½rbUmeRbgCMnYy m:UT½rbUmeRbgRbGb;elx
Rbdab;eFV[I eRbgRtCak; Rbdab;sMGateRbg .l.
pÁtp; Ág;eRbgrMGil )a:dagBak;kNþalxagelI
RckcUlsMBaFeRbgrMGil r:UTr½ TYrb‘nÍ sItuNPð aBeRbgrMGilRckecj

b¤ sItuNPð aBelah³)a:dag
RckecjeRbgrMGil
)a:dagBak;kNþal
xageRkam
rUb ES29B ³ eRbgrMGil
RbB½n§eRbgrMGil
1> EfTaMRbB½n§eRbgrMGli [s¥at . eRbIRbdab;sGM ateRbgedIm,IRsUbykTwkEdllayenAkñgú eRbg
ecjenAeBlcaM)ac;.
2> ykcitþTukdak;cMeBaHsItuNðPaBrbs;):adag.
3> ykcitþTukdak;cMeBaHPaBxusKñaénsItuNðPaBeRbgenARckcUl nigeRbgenARckecjrbs;)a:dag
4> ykcitþTukdak;cMeBaHbMErbMrYlsMBaFeRbg.
Rbdab;svu tßiPaBmUldæansMrab;TYrb‘nÍ cMhay
xageRkamenHCaRbB½n§suvtißPaBCamUldæansMrab;TrY b‘nÍ cMhay . eKalbMNgsMxan;éncMNcu
TaMgenH KWedIm,IkarBarTYrb‘ÍncMhayemBIbBaêaF¶n;F¶r .
475
1> RbB½n§RKb;RKgel,ÓnRKamanGasnñ
RbB½ne§ nHeFVIskmµPaB enAeBlel,ÒnTYbn‘Í elIsBI 110  1% énel,ÓnedIm .
2> RbB½n§kat;pþac;eBlsMBaFeRbg)a:dagFøak;cuH
RbB½ne§ nHcab;epþImeFVkI arenAeBlsMBaFeRbg)a:dagFøak;cuHxøaMg .
3> RbB½n§kat;pþac;eBlsßanPaBmankMhcU dgrgVli
RbB½ne§ nHcab;epþImeFVkI arenAeBlr:UT½rlMeGoggakecjBIsßanPaBFmµta edaysarsMNwkrbs;dg
bgVli .
4> RbB½n§kat;pþac;eBlsItuNðPaBcMhaybeBa©jekIneLIg
kñúgkrNIstI N u ðPaBekIneLIgxøaMg RbB½n§enHeFVs I kmµPaBPøam²edIm,IbgáarsMbkBIkarxUcRTg;RTay
nig¼b¤rMj½rxøaMg .
5> RbB½n§kat;pþac;eBlsuBaØakasFøak;cuH
kñúgkrNIsBu aØakasFøak;cuHxøaMgenAkñgú kugdg;sr½ ynþkarenHRtÚveFVIskmµPaBPøam² edIm,Ibgáar
min[sItN u ðPaBekIneLIgkñúgbMBg;beBa©j .
6> RbB½n§kat;pþac;eBlrMj½rminRbRktI
enAeBlGRtaénkarERbRbÜlkMritrMj½rEdlekItmaneLIg elIsBIGRtaénkarERbRbÜlkMritrMj½r
Edl)ankMNt;enAeBlcab;epþImdMeNIrkarTYbÍn‘ RbB½n§enHnigRtÚveFVIskmµPaB .
RbePTénkarvas;
karvas;RtÚvGnuvtþsrM ab;kardMeNIrkareragcRk karRtÜtBinitü kareFV[I mantulüPaBkMedA nig
RbsiT§PaBénkarKNnarbs;]bkrN_ .
1> karvas;sMBaF
cMNucdMeNIrkarFmµtaRtÚvRbEhl 60°énelxlMdab; . karkarBarelIselxlMdab;ya: g
ehacNas; 1>3dg énxñatGMNanGtibrmabEnßmelIsPM ar³sm<aFTaMgGs;. PaBRtwmRtÚv
RtÚvzitkñúgcenøaH bUk¼dk 0>5° énKmøatEdl)anRkwttamxñat.
rUb ES29C naLikavas;sm<aF

476
2> karvas;stI uNðPaB
TItaMgsmrmüRtÚvvas; mandUcCasItuNðPaBTYrb‘Ín ]sµ½nbeBa¨j )a:dagr:UT½rdgbgVli rbMs u aþ T½r
cMNucx<sb; pM uténelah³TYrbIn eRbgrMGli Rbdab;eFVI[RtCak; .l.
CaTUeTA vtßúFatuénsItN
u ðPaBmandUcCaRbdab;sgÞ ;kMedA nigRbdab;sgÞ ;er:suIsþg;RtÚveRbICa
]bkrN¾pþl;dMNwgsRmab;RtÜtBinitü .
rUb ES29D KMrURbdab;sÞg;kMedA
3> karvas;kMrit
RtÚvvas;kMritvtßúravkñgú Fug nigqñaMgTaMgGs; . karvas;kMritvtßúravkñúgqñaMgbMENn b¤minbMENn
RtÚveFVIeLIgtamsm<aFepSg² . karbgðajkMrittamkEnøgénFugtUc²RtÚveRbInaLikasÞg;eFVIBkI Ba©k;
sMrab;vtßúravføa nigedayeRbIeBagbENþttemøIgelIEpñkxagelI b¤ cMBYysMrab;vtßús¥itGn§il² .
]bkrN_RtÜtBinitükMritRtÚvCaRbePTsm<aFepSg²Kña b¤RbePTbgÐajkMritBIxageRkA .
rUb ES29E KMrURbdab;sÞg;kMrit
477
4> karvas;lMhUr
naLikasÞg;lMhUrTwkEdlelIElgnaLikasÞg;eRbIeBagGENþt RtUvdMeNIrkarEp¥kelITMnak;TnM g
EdlmanPaBxusKñarvagsMBaF nigel,Ónvtßúrav . naLikasÞg;lMhrU TwkRtÚvmanTinñpl
beBa©jesßr . PaBRtwmRtÚvénnaLikasÞg;lMhrU \n§n³RtÚvzitkñúgcenøaH 1>5° enAGRta
el,ÓnlMhUrvtßúrav elIsBI 80° énlMhUredIm.
cMeBaHnaLikasÞg;lMhUreRbg b¤Tkw RtÚveRbIkarpþas;bÚrþ TItaMgCaviC¢man b£épÞvas;¬ positive
displacement of meters or area meters) rbs;naLikasÞg;.
lMhrU Twk
Rbehag
RbsinebIRbehagsßitkñúgbMBg; mansm<aFepSgKñarvagEpñkedImTwk
nigEpñkeRkamTwk. brimaNénlMhUr RtUvvas;Bism<aFepSgKñaenH.
rUb ES29F eKalkarN_énkarvas;sm<aFepSgKña
lMhUrTwk
enHCaRbePTénkarvas;pÞal;nUv
maDvtßúravEdlqøgkat;]bkrN_
rUb ES29G TitaMgCaviC¢manénrgVas;
478
épÞ
eBagbENþt
TwkEdlqøgkat;]bkrN_vas;elIkeBageLIg. brimaNlMhUr
RtUvvas;edaykarrkeXIj TitaMgrbs;eBagenH.
lMhUrTwk
rUb ES29H eKalkarN_énkarvas;épÞ ¬RbePTeBag¦
maRta 30 ³ karRtYtBinitüsuvtßPaBrbs;TYb‘ÍncMhay nigeRKÓgbnÞab;bnSMrbs;va
479
CMBUk 4
l½kçx½NÐsRmab;meFüa)ayplitGKÁisnI
TYrb‘Ín]sµ½n
480
maRta 31 ³ meFüa)ayplitGKÁisnITYb‘Ín]sµ½n
karBiBN’naBITYrb‘nÍ ]sµn½
enHKWCaviFIénkarplitfamBlGKiÁsnIedayeRbITYrb‘Ín]sµ½n . xül;RtÚv)anbBa©ÚleTAkñgú kMueRbs½rxül;;
EdlCakEnøgbMENnxül; .
famBlRtÚv)anbEnßmeTAkñúglMhrU ]s½µnkñgú bnÞbc; MehH CakEnøgEdlxül;RtÚv)anlayCamYyeRbg\n§n³
ehIybeBa¢H[eqHeLIg . kareqHbegánI sItuNðPaB begáInel,Ón nigmaDlMhUr]sµn½ . lMhUr]sµn½ enH
qøgkat;edaypÞal;tamk,alTueya)aj;bnSaceTAelIsaø bkgêal;rbs;TYbn‘Í bnÞab;mkbgVli TYbn‘Í nigpþl;
kMlaMgdl;keMu Rbs½r .
1> xül;Edl)anbMENn RtÚv)anbBa¢ÚneTAbnÞb;ceM hH .
2> eRbg\n§n³)aj;cUleTAkñgú bMENnxül;kgñú bnÞbc; MehH ehIylT§plénkarlaybBa©ÚlKñaén
l,ayxül; nigeRbg\n§n³RtÚv)ankMedAedIm,IbegáInsItNu ðPaBx<s; nigcMehH]s½nµ sm<aFx<s; .
3> kñúgry³eBlkMBugrIkmaD nigbegánI el,ónxül; ¬cMehH]s½nµ ¦ RtÚv)anbBa¢ÚneTAbgVli TYb‘Ín ehIy
plitCafamBlGKiÁsnI .
rUb ES31A ]TarhN_ènTYrb‘Ín]s½nµ RbePTFunF¶n;
481
rUb ES31B ]TarhN_ènTYbÍn‘ ]s½nµ RbePT Aero-derivative
sþg;daxYbdMeNIrkarènTYbn‘Í ]s½µnman 4dMNak;kal ³

1> bMENn
2> kMedA ¬cMehH¦
3> karrIkmaD nigkarbegáInel,ónxül; ¬ Expansion =kardMeNIrkar ¦
4> nigbeBa©jkMedAecal ¬xYbcMehHesµKI ña¦ .
CalkçN³emkanic TYbÍn‘ ]s½nµ Gaccat;Tku fa minmanlkçN³sµúRKsµajdUcm:asIuncMehHkñúgeRbI
BIsúgþ . PaBsamBaØrbs;TYb‘ÍnKWmanEpñkrgVilEtmYy ³ dgbgVli -kuMeRbs½r-TYb‘Ín-bgÁMúr:UTr½ Gal;ETrNaT½r
edayminrab;bBa©ÚlRbB½n§\n§n³ .
TYbÍn‘ ]s½nµ EdlmanGanuPaBFM² dMeNIrkarkëgú el,Òn 3000 CuM b¤ 3600CMukgñú 1naTI edIm,IsRmb
[RtUvtambNþajehVkg;crnþqaø s; .
EpñkrYmpSMrbs;TrY b‘nÍ ]sµn½ Gas Turbine Component
¬1¦ kMueRbs½r
kMueRbs½rbMENnxül;edIm,IpÁt;pÁg;xül;sm<aFx<s;eTAkñúgbnÞb;cMehH . kMueRbs½rG½kShøÚ (Axial-flow
compressors) CaTUeTAeRbIenAkñúgeragcRk]NðGKis Á nI . kMueRbs½renHCaRbePTkMeu Rbs½reRcIndMNak;
EdlmansmtßPaBbMENnbrimaNxül;eRcInRbkbedayRbsiTP§ aBeRkamsm<aFx<s; .
482
rUb ES31C kMeu Rbs½r
¬2¦ ]bkrN_dutkMedA ¬bnÞb;cMehH¦

]bkrN_dutkMedAeRbIsrM ab;dtu kMedAxül;sm<aFx<s; . ]bkrN_dutkMedAcMehHkñúg ¬bnÞb;cMehH¦
eRbIsrM ab;RbB½n§xbY cMh .
xül; \n§n³
AC : kMeu Rbs½rxül;
Air CC : bnÞb;cMehH
Fuel
T : TYb‘Ín
AC : air compressor
CC : combustor
T : turbine
rUb ES31D xYbcMh
søabkueM Rbss½r
søabTYrb‘Ín]sµn½
rUb ES31E TYrb‘Ín]sµn½ nigkuMeRbss½r

483
¬3¦ TYb‘Ín]sµn½
TYrb‘nÍ ]sµ½nbMeBjkargaredaykmøaMgGadüa)aTic¬adiabatic¦begánI sItuNðPaB nigsMBaF]sµn½ [x<s;
edIm,IbegáItkMlaMgbgVil (torque).
TYbÍn‘ ]s½nµ
kMueRbs½r
rUb ES31F TYbÍn‘ ]s½nµ
¬4¦ ]bkrN_begánI kMedAeLIgvij ¬]bkrN_bþÚrkMedA ³ HE¦

]bkrN_begánI kMedAeLIgvijRbmUlkMedAEdlsl;kgëú bMBg;beBäj]sµn½ rbs;TrY b‘nÍ ¬dUceqHkñúgxül;¦
sMrab;begánI kMedA edIm,IbegánI RbsiTP§ aBkMedA[kan;Etx<s; .
¬5¦ ]bkrN_bnßysItuNðPaB (Intercoolers)

]bkrN_bnßysItN u ðPaB bBa©úHsItN
u ðPaBxül;eBldMeNIrkarbMENn edIm,ICy
Y begáInRbsiTP§ aB
rbs;keuM Rbs½r .
¬6¦ ]bkrN_eRtomeFV[I RtCak; (Pre-coolers)
]bkrN_eRtomeFV[I RtCak;bBa©úHsItuNðPaBclnaxül;ekþAkñúgRbB½n§xbY biTenARckcUlkMueRbs½r
edIm,ICy
Y begáInRbsiT§PaBrbs;keuM Rbs½r .
¬7¦ ]bkrN_bnßysMelg (Silencers)

eragcRkGKis
Á nITYrb‘Ín]sµn½ begáItsemøgxøaMg BIeRBaHvabBa©lÚ nigbeBa©jbrimaNxül;eRcInenAel,Ón
elOnbMput . ehtuenH RtUvbMBak;vtßúFatuTb;sMelgedIm,IRKbelIbBM g; nigRtÚvtemøIgRbdab;Tb;
sMeLg enAEpñkRckcUl . enAEpñkbeBa©jxül;RtÚv)anbeBa©jeTAelItamry³bMBg;EpSgeTAkñúg
briyakas .
484
\n§n³sMrab;TYrb‘nÍ ]s½nµ
\n§n³rav b¤\n§n³]s½nµ sMxan;²EdlRtUveRbImandUcxageRkam ³
\n§n³rav ³ eRbgkat eRbgm:as‘Ut eRbgkatminTan;cMraj; eRbgexµA nigeRbgminTan;
cRmaj;déTeTot
\n§n³]s½µn ³ ]s½nµ FmµCati (LNG) / LPG, ]s½nµ municipal, ]s½nµ Er:/ ]s½nµ cRgáandut
FüÚgfµ nig]s½nµ cRgáan blast
vtßúFatuènr:UT½rTYrb‘Ín]s½nµ
r:UTr½ nigsøabRtÚvplitBIseM lah³l,ayBiessFn;nwgkMedA edIm,ITb;Tl;ngw sItuNðPaBtRmUv;
sRmab;dMeNIrkar]s½nµ .
fµ²I enH vtßúFatuf²µI Fn;nwgkMedARtÚv)anbegátI eLIg ehIyTRmg;]bkrN_RtCak;rbs;søab RtÚv)an
eFVIkarEksMrYl . TYrb‘nÍ ]s½µnEdlmanRbsiT§PaBx<s; RtUv)andak;[eFVGI aCIvkmµsrM ab;sItuNêPaBesvakmµ
RbEhl 1100°C .
RbePTEdlniymeRbIeRcInKWCaRbePTTYrb‘nÍ xYbcMhsamBaØ. TYrb‘nÍ ]s½µncMh KWCaTYrb‘nÍ EdlpÁbMú Ba¨Úl
KñanUvbnÞb;cMehH nigkuMeRbs½r .
]s½nµ beBa©j ]bkrN_pliteLIgvij bnÞb;cMehH
Rckxül;cUl
kMeu Rbs½rsMBaFTab
ehSenr:aT½r
kMeu Rbs½rsMBaFx<s; ]bkrN_bNþÚrsItuNð TYrb‘Ín]s½µn
PaB[RtCak;
rUb ES31G TYrb‘nÍ ]s½µncMh
xül;Edlsßti enAxageRkamsm<aFx<s;kgñú kMueRbs½rRtUv)anbBa¢ÚleTAbnÞb;cMehH . mYycMENktUcén
xül;enHeRbIsrM ab;dut\n§n³kñúgEpñkcMehH. brimaN]s½µnmYycMnYnFMEdlmansItuNðPaBx<s; ]sµn½ sMBaF
x<s; EdlTTYl)anBIkarlaybBa©ÚlKñaCamYynwgbrimaNd¾eRcInén]sµn½ sMBaFx<s;CamYYy nigcMehH]sµ½n
sItuNðPaBx<s; EdlmanRbtikmµrIkmaD nigmanel,ÓnelOnenAkñgú TYrb‘nÍ . dMeNIrkarenHbegàtI kMlaMg
bgVli TYb‘In. EpSgcUleTAkñgú ]bkrN_begánI kMedAeLIgvij ehIykMedAxül;cMehHmunnwgbeBa©jeTAbrisßan
xageRkA .
485
TYrb‘Ín]sµn½ CakBa¨b; (Package Gas Turbines)
eragcRkTYbn‘Í ]s½µnCakBa©bR; tÚv)aneRbIR)as;ya: gTUlMTlU ay . eragcRkenHRtÚv)ansikSaerobcMeLIg
edIm,IeRbIR)as;[)aneBjelj nigQanmuxènTYbn‘Í ]s½µnxYbcMh Edlmankarsagsg;samBaØbMputTm¶n;Rsal
TMhtM Uc nigRtÚvkarTItaMgtemøgI tUc brimaNTwkRtCak;tic .l.
bnÞb;RtÜtBinitü bnÞb;CMny
Y TYrb‘nÍ ]s½µn ehSenr:aT½r
rUb ES31H TYrb‘Ín]s½nµ CakBa¨b;
edIm,IbegáInRbsiT§PaBkMedArbs;TYrb‘Ín ]bkrN_begánI kMedAeLIgvij ]bkrN_dutkMedAeLIgvij nig

]bkrN_RtCak;mFüm b¤]bkrN_RtCak;dak;BImux GacRtUvbEnßmeTAelI]bkrN_xYbtamsþg;daEdlpþl;
xagelI tamkarcaM)ac;. TYrb‘nÍ xYbbiT Ep¥kelIRbB½n§xül;vli vl;eLIgvij Edl]s½nµ ecjBITYrb‘Ín
minbeBa©jeTAkñgú brisßan b:Eu nþCnM YsvijedaybBa©ÚleTARbdab;[RtCak; nigbEmøgeTAxül; . xül;enH
RtÚv)anbBa©ÚneTAkMueRbs½rxül; .
Cag50PaKryènGanuPaBbeBa¨jBIeragcRkGKiÁsnIITYrb‘In]sµn½ RtÚv)aneRbIR)as;edaykMeu Rbs½rxül; .
dUecñHTYrb½In]sµn½ manRbsiTP§ aBkMedATab ¬30 eTA 32°¦ . GanuPaBbeBa©jsuTr§ bs;ehSenr:aT½r
TYrb½nI ]sµ½nEdlmanGanuPaBBI 100KILÚva: t; dl;100em:hÁav:at; GaRs½yelIkareRbIR)as; . vtßúFatu
sRmab;bnÞb;cMehH nigTYbn‘Í nigRbB½n§RtCak;RtUv)aneFVI[RbesIreLIgCaRbcaM edIm,IBRgwgRbsiT§PaBkMedArbs;
TYrb½nI . kñúgkrNIxøH eragcRkGKiÁsnITrY b‘nI ]sµn½ RtUvbBa¨ÚlKñaCamYyeragcRkGKiÁsnITrY b½nI cMhay
¬enAkñgú eragcRkGKÁs i nIsmasFaturYmEtmYy¦ .
RbePTTYrb‘nI ]sµ½n
edayeyaleTAelIdMeNIrkarvtßrú avEdleFVIclnaCMuvji TYrb‘nI ]sµ½nGacEbgEckCa 2RbePTKW TYrb‘nÍ
xYbcMh nigTYrb‘ÍnxYbbiT . xYbETm:UDN I amicman4RbePT ³ xYbFmµta xYbpliteLIgvij xYbbNþÚr
sItNu ðPaB[RtCak; nigxYbkMedAeLIgvij . RbePTenHeRbIdgbgVil2rebob ³ TYrb‘nÍ dgbgVileTal nig
TYrb‘nÍ dgbgVli eRcIn .
486
¬ 1¦ TYrb‘nI xYbcMh
EpëkRsÚb nigEpëkbeBa¨jènTYrb‘In]sµn½ TaMgenH dak;enAkNþalvalTaMgBIr . brimaN]sµn½ Ca
eRcInRtÚv)anRsÚbcUl nigbeBa©jEdleFVI[mansMelgB¤xøaMg . edaysarsItuNðPaBbnÞb;ekIneLIgenaH
eFVI[GnuPaBbeBa¨jrbs;TrY b‘nÍ Føak;cuH . RbsiTP§ aBkMedAènTYrb‘ÍnxYbcMhTabCagTYrb‘nÍ xYbbiT. eTaHbIman
KuNvibtiþTaMgenHkþI k¾TrY b‘nÍ ]s½nµ xYbcMhenAEtCaTYrb‘ÍnEdleKniymeRbIbpM ut BIeRBaHTYrb‘nÍ enHgayRsÜltemøIg
eRbIry³eBlxøIsMrab;beBaäH nigbBaÄb; niggayRsÜlEfTaM .
¬ 2¦ TYrb‘nI xYbbiT
këúgTYrb‘nÍ xYbbiTvtßúravdMeNIrkardac;BIxül;briyakas nigeFVcI lnavil. edayehtufa]s½nµ beBa©j
mkeRkA BMbu eBa©jedaypÞal;eTAkñúgbriyakaseT TYrb‘nÍ RbePTenHmansMelgB¤tci CagTYbn‘Í xYbcMh .
RbsiT§PaBkMedA nigGanuPaBbeBa©jrbs;vaminGaRs½ynwgsItuNðPaBbnÞb;eLIy . RbsiT§PaBkMedArbs;
vamanPaKryx<s;CagTYrb‘nÍ xYbcMh . PaBsµRú KsµajènrbbdMeNIrkarrbs;TrY b‘nÍ xYbbiTminsUvgayRsÜl
kñúgkardMeNIrkar nigEfTaMeLIy . karbeBaáH nigbBaÄb;manry³eBlyUrCagTYrb‘ÍnxYbcMh .
lkçN³èneragcRkGKis Á nITYrb‘nÍ ]s½µn

kareRbóbeFóbCamYyeragcRkGKiÁsnIcMhayCamYynig eragcRkGKiÁsnITrY b‘Ín]s½nµ manlkçN³
xusKñadUcxageRkam³
¬1¦ gayRsÜlkMNt;rbbdMeNIrkar éføsagsg;TabCag nigRtUvkarry³eBlsagsg;xCøI ag.
¬2¦ gayRsÜldMeNIrkarCag buKÁlikmincaM)ac;manGñkCMnajbec©keTsx<s; ehIytRmUvkar
cMnYnticbuKÁliksMrab;deM NIrkar.
¬3¦ RtÚvkarTwkRtCak;tic ehIymincaM)ac;sGM atmunnwgykeTAeRbIR)as;.
¬4¦ smRsbsMrab;eRbIR)as;CamYyeragcRkGKis Á nIxñattUc nigxñatmFüm ¬rhUtdl;
240em:haÁ v:at;¦ cab;BIeragcRkGKis Á nIcMhay dl;eragcRkGKis Á nIcMehHkñgú .
¬5¦ ry³eBlcab;epþImdMeNIrkarxøI ¬BIeBlcab;epþImrhUtdl;bnÞúkeBj¦³ GacykeTAeRbIR)as;
sMrab;bnÞúkGtibrma nigCaRbPBfamBlRKamanGasnñ.
¬6¦ TItaMgsMrab;sagsg;temøIgTYrb‘ÍnGaceRCIserIs)anedayesrI d¾rabNaeKKitKUrBIkarpÁtp; Ág;
eRbg manryHeBlyUrdUcKña.
¬7¦ sItN u êPaBx<s;ènTYrb‘Ín]s½nµ mann½yfa RtÚvkarvtßFú atuer:ss
Iu gþ ;kMedAEdlmantèmøèfø.
¬8¦ eragcRkGKis Á nIGanuPaBFM² manRbsiTP§ aBkMedARbhak;RbEhl 30° TabCageragcRk
GKis
Á nIcMehHkñgú nigeragcRkGKiÁsnIcMhayGanuPaBFM².
¬9¦ kMritsMelgx<s;.
487
¬10¦ RbePTmeFüa)aymYycMnYnkMNt;y:agtwgrwgelIRbePT\n§n³EdlGaceRbI)an ehIyfamBl
beBa©jGaRs½ynwgsItuNðPaBkñgú bnÞb³; RbsinebIstI uNðPaBkñúgbnÞb;eLIgx<s; enaHGanuPaB
beBa©jnwgFøak;cuH.
¬11¦ RtUvkarGanuPaBeRcInCag50°énGanuPaBbeBa¨jrbs;TrY b‘ÍnRtUveRbIsRmab;bEM Nnxül; .
)atuPUtbþÚrTMrg;edIm (Creep Phenomenon)
eBlbnÞúkmanGMeBIelIvtßúFatueFVIBeI lah³enAsItuNðPaBx<s; vtßúFatuenHxUcRTg;RTaybnþicmþg²tam
eBlevla. )atuPUtenHehAfa )atuPUtbþÚrTMrg;edIm .
)atuPUtminbþÜrTMrg;edImI (Relaxation Phenomenon)
karFUrRsalénPaBtantwgKWpy Þú BI)atuPUtbþÚrTMrg;edIm . enHKWCa)atuPUténPaBtantwgedaybnÞkú
EdlfycuH enAelIvtßúFatueFVIBeI lah³ )anqøgkat;ry³eBleRkaml½kçx½NÐxUcRTg;RTayefrenAsItuNðPaB
x<s; .
karEfTaMTYrb‘nÍ ]sµn½ ¬cMNcu sMxan;²¦
1- tRmgxül;enARckcUl
TYrb‘nÍ ]sµ½nRsUbbrimaNxül;y:ageRcIn. m:üageTot kmøaMgTb;rbs;tRmgxül;begátI \T§iBl
eTAelIfamBlbeBa©jrbs;ehSeNr:aT½r nigeTAelIRbsiT§iPaBrbs;TrY b‘nÍ .
2-karsMGatkueM Rbs½r
kalNakuMeRbs½rRkxVk; caM)ac;RtUvlagsMGatedayTwks¥at.
3-eRKaHfñak;edaykarRsUbvtßúBIxageRkA
caM)ac;RtUverobcMsN
M aj; edIm,IbgáareRKaHfñak;EdlbgáedaykarRsUbvtßúnanaenApøvÚ cUlrbs;keuM Rbs½r.
4-eRcHsueI daysItuNêPaBx<s;enAsøabTYrb‘nÍ
mUlehtuéneRcHsuI¬kat;¦søabTYrb‘ÍnKWedaysarmansmasFatupSMdUcCa s‘lu hVrÜ enAkëgú cMehH
]sµn½ sUdüÚm b:UtasüÚm v:aNadüÚm .l.
karkarBareRcHsuIedaysItuNðPaBx<s;
- kat;bnßyCaGb,brmanUvCatiGbM li cUleTAkñgú pøÚvcUlceRmaHxül;
- beBa©jsMeNImBIkñúgeRbg
- eRCIserIseRbgEdlmanCativ:aNadüÚm nigCatisMNtic
488
5-kMedAelIskRmitrbs;TrY b‘nÍ
edaysarTMhkM MedArbs;TrY b‘ÍnmanTMhMtUc kareLIgkMedArbs;]sµn½ ry³eBlxøI naMmknUvkar
xUcxatedaykMedAelIs.
edIm,IkarBarkrNIenH RtUv ³
- sMGat nig¬b£bÚrþ ¦ k,alTueyaeRbg (fuel nozzles).
- eFVI[RbesIreLIgnUvpg;lMGti nigbegánI kMhab;eRbg
- qab;begáInel,ÓnenAeBlcab;epþmI ehIyrkSafamBlRKb;RKan;sRmab;RbB½n§cab;epþIm
6-karbgáarrMj½r
mUlehtuénrMj½rman ³
- r:UTr½ BumM anlMnwg (Unbalanced rotor).
- karerobCYrmanxVHcenøaH
- karxUcRTg;RTayedaykMedA
- karxVHcenøaHenAkñgú ):adag .
maRta39 ³ l½kçx½NÐsRmab;TYb‘Ín]sµ½neRbIkMedAsl;mþgeTot nigeRKOgbnÞab;bnSMrbs;va
TYrb‘nÍ ]sµ½nmanRbsiT§PaBkMedABI 20% eTA 30% . enHmann½yfa 70% eTA80°énkMedAEdl

plit)anBI\n§n³RtÚv)an)at;bg;eTACaEpSgbeBäj . edIm,IbegàInRbsiT§PaBkMedA TYrb‘nÍ ]sµ½nGacpÁbúM Ba¨Úl
KëaCamYyTYrb‘nÍ cMhay . eragcRkGKis Á nIEdlmanrcnasm<n½ §EbbenHehAfa eragcRkGKÁsnIeRbIcMhay
sl;mþgeTot (Combined cycle power plants) . RbsiT§PaBkMedArbs;vaKWekInrhUtdl; 10%x<s;Cag
eragcRkcMhayFmµta .
489
\n§n³]sµn½ eTALcMhaykMedAbeBa©jeLIgvij
RbB½n§bMENnxül; Rbdab;pbÞ ;semøg

ehSeNr:aT½r
Rbdab;beBaäH
sMNuMTrY b‘Ín Rbdab;bBa¢abnÞúk
rUb ES39A TYrb‘Ín]sµn½eRbIkMedAsl;mþgeTot
¬1¦ RbePTRbB½n§epSg²énTYrb‘nÍ eRbIkMedAsl; (combined cycles)

k -RbePTykkMedAbeBa©jecalmkeRbIvji
x -RbePTcMehHedayykCMnYykMedAbeBa©jecal
K –RbePTEpSgbeBa©jéncMehHTI2
X -RbePTLbnÞúkkMedAx<s;
g –RbePTpÁt;pÁg;Tkw ekþA nig
c –RbB½n§G½kSeTal
490
rUbxageRkambgðajBIlkçN³TUeTAénRbB½n§dgbgVli eRcIn nigRbB½n§dgbgVileTal .
LcMhayeRbIkeM dAbeBa©j G TYrb‘ÍncMhay

ecaleLIgvij
\n§n³
RbB½nd§ gbgVileRcIn
TYrb‘Ín]sµ½n kugdg;sr½
G
xül; m:TU ½rpÁt;pÁg;Twk

rUb ES39B RbB½n§dgbgVli eRcIn
cMhay
LcMhayeRbIkeM dAbeBa©j
ecaleLIgvij m:TU ½rbUmpÁt;pÁg;Twk
\n§n³
RbB½nd§ gbgVileTal
G
TYrb‘ÍncMhay
TYrb‘Ín]sµ½n
kugdg;s½r
rUb ES39C RbB½n§dgbgVli eTal
491
¬2¦ lkçN³eragcRkedIredaykMedAsl;mþgeTot
1> RbsiT§PaBkMedAx<s;Cag³ RbsiT§PaBkMedAéneragcRkedIredaykMedAsl;mþgeTotGac ekInrhUtdl;
10% x<s;CageragcRkcMhayEdlmanGanuPaBFM² ¬40%¦ . eragcRkRbePTenHmanRbsiT§PaB
kMedAx<s;Cag eTaHbIdMeNIrkareRkambnÞúkmYyEpñkk¾eday .
2> eragcRksaMgRkÚm:asInu ePøIgEdlmanGanuPaBtUc²cMnYneRcIneRKÓgbBa©ÚlKña . kareFVIEbbenHKW Gac
bBaÄb;m:asInu ePøIgxøH edIm,IeFVIkarEfTaM b¤CYsCul b¤sRmab;eKalbMNgRsedogKña kat;bnßy
GanuPaBbeBa©jkñúgGMLgú eBlbBaÄb; .
3> gayRsÜl nigcMNayeBlevlaticsRmab;beBaäH nigbBaÄb; .
4> manlkçN³samBaØsRmab;kMNt;rbbdMeNIkar gayRsÜld¿eNIrkar nigRtUvkarry³eBlxøI
sRmab;sagsg; .
5> eRbIbrimaNTwkRtCak;ticsRmab;]bkrN_kugdg;s½rkñgú 1ÉktaénGanuPaBbeBa©j eTAtamcMnYnCak;
Esþg GaRs½ytamGRtacUlrYmènTYrb‘nÍ ]sµ½n nigTYbÍn‘ cMhay ³ RbEhl 70% éneragcRkGKiÁsnI
edIredaycMhayFmµta . enHeFV[I manlkçN³gayRsÜlkñgú karRtÜtBinitükMedAbeBa©j .
6> TYrb‘nÍ ]sµ½nRtUvkarbrimaNxül;eRcIn ³ ]sµn½ beBa¨jEdlRtÚvkarkëúg1ÉktaènGanuPaBbeBa¨j
mancMnYn 3dg eRcInCag ebIeRbóbeFobCamYynwgeragcRkGKiÁsnIedIredaycMhay .
7> cMehHeqHkan;EtRbesIreLIgenAkëgú TYrb‘Ín]sµn½ enAsItNu êPaBx<s; ³ ]sµn½ beBa¨jmanCatiGas‘Ut
DIGku sItu (NO2) x<s; mann½yfa RtÚvtemøIg]bkrN_b)M at;sarFatuGasUt (de-nitrizer) .
8> \n§n³manCatisUdüÚm b¤v:aNadüÚmGacbNþal[mansñmw enAsItN u ðPaBx<s; dUecñHtRmUv[eRbI
\n§n³manKuNPaBx<s; .
9> GanuPaBbeBa©jGaRs½ynwgsItuNðPaBbnÞb;.
10> begátI sMelgxøaMg EdlTamTar[mankarRtÜtBinitüRtwmRtÚv .
¬3¦ karplitGKiÁsnIeRbIkMedAsl;mþgeTot
enHKWCaRbB½n§eragcRkGKis Á nIEdleRbIkMedABI]s½nµ beBa©jecalmþgeTot EdlkMedAbeBa¨jBITrY b‘nÍ ]s½nµ
cMh sRmab;begátI cMhay]s½nµ edIm,IdutkMedAmþgeTotenAkñgú eragcRkGKis Á nIedIredaycMhay .
RbB½n§epSgeTotKWEp¥kelILcMhayEdleRbIRbdab;begàInkMedA . xül;ecjBIkMueRbs½rrbs;TrY b‘nÍ ]s½µn
RtÚvpþl;[eTALcMhayéneragcRkGKiÁsnIedIredaycMhayedIm,IdutbeBaäHCaxül;cMehH . cMehH]s½nµ
Edl)anTTYl RtÚv)anbBa¢ÚneTA[TYrb‘nÍ ]s½µn .
kareRbIplitkmµGKiÁsnIedayeRbIkMedAsl;mþgeTot nwgbegáInRbsiTP§ aBkMedAsrubrhUtdl; 43% .
492
C¿BUkTI 5
l½kçx½NÐTUeTAsRmab;m:asuIncMehHkñúg
493
maRta 41 ³ l½kçx½NÐcMeBaHvtßúFatuénma:sIuncMehHkñúg
maRta 42 ³ kMlaMgemkanicénma:sIuncMehHkñúg
vtßúFatuEdlbMrugnwgykmkeRbIR)as;EpñksMxan;²énm:asInu edüEsl nigEdleFVeI tsþminxUc RtUvEt

RtwmRtÚvtamtRmÚvkarEdlkMNt;kgñú tarag ES5A. këgú krNIeFVeI tsþGl‘u RtasUnci kardak;esñIsMu b¤karbgðaj
lT§plénkareFVIetsþ[eTAGñkBinitü RtUvsRmbtamtRmUvkar .
sIuLaMg BIsúgþ nigEpñkrgsm<aFxøaMg nigsItNu ðPaBx<s; nigEpñkdéTeTotsRmab;rujRcankmøaMgbgVil
RtÚvCavtßúFatuEdlGacFn;nwgsItN u ðPaB nigbnÞkú EdlvtßúenaHRtÚvrgkmøaMgsgát; .
¬kareFVIetsþminbgá[xUcxat¦
kareFVIetsþxageRkamenHCaCeRmIsFmµtasRmab;cab;sBaØad¿eNIrkarminRbRktIrbs;m:asuIn
¬1¦ kareFVeI tsþedaybMEbkPaKm:aej:Tci
kareFVIetsþenHeKeRbIemSAEdkm:aej:Tic . emSAEdkm:aej:Tci )anRsUbTajkaMBnømW :aej:Tic
EdlelcecjBIEpñkminRbRktI ¬eRbIsRmab;cab;sBaØaenAEpñkxagelI¦ .
¬2¦ kareFVeI tsþedaybBa©ÚlGgÁFaturav
kareFVIetsþenHeKeRbIviFIRCabcUl . bBa©ÚlGgÁFaturavRCabBN_exµAelah³ .
¬eRbIsRmab;cab;sBaØaenAépÞxagelI¦ .
¬3¦ kareFVIetsþedayrlksmøgx<s;
kareFVIetsþenHeRbIsBaØaC³Rtlb;énEpñkrbs;vtßúrav .
brikçaeFVeI tsþTTYlsBaØarlksemøgx<sB; IcMNucEdlxUc .
¬eRbIsRmab;cab;sBaØaépÞkgñú rbs;vtßúFatu¦ .
taragES42A³ karGnuvtþkareFVIetsþminbgá[xUcxateTAelIEpñksMxan;² énm:asIunedüEsl

EpñksMxan;² viCÄmaRtsIuLaMg/ D ¬mm¦
D < 300 301 < D < 400 401 <D
Ⅰ Ⅱ Ⅰ Ⅱ Ⅰ Ⅱ
RbePTKµantMNpÁMb¤pSa ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○
1 G½kSbgVil P¢ab;Kña
RTnab; knøas; ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○
nigkMNl;déTeTot
494
¬]TahrN_ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○
RbePTpSaP¢ab;Kña¦
2 BIsúgþ ○ ○ ○ ○
3 eyn ○ ○ ○
4 dgeyn nigk,aleyn ○ ○ ○
5 GIs
u LU g;karBarépñkEdkEfbénsIuLaMg ○
6 sIuLaMgEdkEfbmanKMrb ○ ○ ○ ○
]TahrN_ KEP:320mm, C6:320mm

¬1¦ sBaØasMKal;ragrgVg;mUlkñúgCYrbBaÄr Ⅰ RtÚveFVIetsþedaym:aej:Tci b¤etsþRCabcUlvtßúrav
¬2¦ sBaØasMKal;ragrgVg;mUlkñgú CYrbBaÄr Ⅱ RtÚveFVIetsþedayGul‘ RtasUnci (ultrasonic test)
2 rcnasm½n< §énma:snIu cMehHkñgú nigeRKÓgbnÞab;bnSMrbs;va
KRmbsuILaMgEdk
suILaMg BIsgþú
G½kSbgVli dgEyn
rUb ES42A KMrUma:snIu cMehHkñgú
495
3 Rbdab;bBa¢ael,Ón
eyagmaRta 27 nig 35 .
4 Rbdab;bBaÄb; nigpþl;sBaØaeBlmanGasnñ
eyagmaRta 28 nig 36 .
5 Rbdab;karBarsm<aFelIs
edIm,IeCosvagkMu[mankarelIssm<aF RbsinebIsLIu aMgmanGgát;p©itelIsBI 230mm nigmankMrit
sm<aFGtibrmaelIsBI 3.4 MPa sIuLaMgenaHRtÚvEtmanbMBak;]bkrN_smRsbsMrab;karBarsm<aFelIs
ehIyRbsinebIsIuLaMgmanGgát;p©itelIsBI 250mm KMrbbiTCitRtÚvmanbMBak;Rbdab;karBarsm<aFelIsenH
¬rUbenHRbPBdkRsg;BIsgþ ;dabec©keTsGKisÁ nICb:un¦ .
m:asIun]sµn½ BMucaM)ac;TamTarRbdab;bnßykarelIssm<aFkñúgsIuLaMg RbsinebIRbdab;karBarsm<aF
elIs ¬Rbdab;bnßysm<aF¦ RtÚv)antemøIgelIsuLI aMgrbs;m:asIunRbePTenH GaceFV[I KaMg b¤xUcEbk)ak; .
6 RbB½n§RtÜtemIl nigpþl;sBaØa
1> el,ÓnrgVil
cUl
TwkRtCak;
ecj m:asIun
2> sItuNðPaBTwkRtCak;
3> sMBaFeRbgrMGil
4> sItuNðPaBeRbgrMGil eRbgrMGil
rUb ES42B RbB½n§RtÜtemIlsMrab;ehSenr:aT½redüEsl
karBnül;
cMNuc 1 (6.2-a) KWCael,ÓnrgVilénm:asInu cMehHkñgú . RbsinebIBMumannaLikael,Ón naLika
eRhVkg;rbs;ehSenr:aT½rRtÚvP¢ab;edaypÞal;eTAm:asIunsRmab;vas;el,ÓnrgVli .
cMNuc 2 (6.2-b) KWCasItuNðPaBTwkRtCak;enARckecjrbs;m:asInu .
496
cMNuc 3 (6.2-c) KWCargVas;sm<aFeRbgrMGilenARckcUlrbs;m:asInu . RbsinebIkMlaMgeRbgrMGilminman
RKb;RKan; edayehtufabrimaNeRbgrMGilEdlcaM)ac;RtÚv)anFana naLikav;as;kRmiteRbg b¤Rbdab;bgðaj
BIbrimaNeRbgRtÚvykmkeRbICMnYs .
cMNuc 4 (6.2-d) KWCasItuNðPaBeRbgrMGilenARckecjrbs;m:asInu .
eragcRkGKis Á nIedüEsl
]bkrN_sxM an;²éneragcRkGKis Á nIedüEsl
¬1¦ tYm:asunI
EpëksMxan;²èntYm:asuIn rYmmansILu aMg G½kSbgVli vIEy:l s‘)U :ab; kg;eyag
¬2¦ brikçaeRKÓgeqH
pþl;eRbgeTAkñgú suLI aMg FugeRbg tRmg mU:T½reRbg nigs‘U)a:b;)aj;eRbg
¬3¦ brikçabMBg;EpSg
rYmman bMB;gEpSg sMbku .l.
¬4¦ ]bkrN_begánI kMlaMgxül;
begánI kMlaMgxül;cUleTAsILu aMg . ]bkrN_enHPaKeRcIn KWdMeNIrkaredayeRbIEpSg
EdlbeBa©jecal . vaGacCYybegánI GanuPaBBI 50°-100°.
¬5¦ EpñkRtCak;
EpñkRtCak; sRmab;RtYtBinitüsItN u ðPaBrbs;m:asuIn .
¬6¦ eRbgrMGil
RbB½ne§ RbgrMGli rYmmanFugeRbg mU:T½rbUmeRbg ]bkrN_sMe¥ Rbg[RtCak; TueyaeRbg nigtRmgeRbg.
RbB½nR§ tÜtemIl nigpþl;sBaØa
tYm:asuIn
RbB½ne§ RbgrMGli nigRbB½nR§ tCak;

\n§n³
rUb ES42C RbB½n§RtÜtemIl nigtamdanrbs;eragcRkGKis
Á nIedüEsl
497
1> brikçarkñgú eragcRkGKis
Á nI dUcCaehSenr:aT½r Rtg;srVÚ m:aT½r nigExSbNþajRtÚv
manbMBak;RbB½ns § Rmab;RtÜtBinitüemIl BIbnÞbm; CÄmNÐlRtYtBinitü .
2> ehSenr:aT½redüEslRtÚverobcMkMNt;lkçN³bec©keTs sRmab;beBaäH bBaÄb; beBaäHeLIgvij
BIbnÞb;mCÄmNÐlRtYtBinitü minEmnbBa¢aenAtaMgpÞal;rbs;m:asInu edayGñkRbtibtþki areLIy .
3> RbB½nT§ aMgenH rYmmanRbB½n§RtÜtBinitü ITV ]bkrN_kMNt;bnÞkú edaysV½yRbvtþi RbB½n§
kt;RtaTinñn½y ]bkrN_RtÜtBinitü nigtamdanbBa¢aBIcm¶ay .
tarag ES42B tulüPaBkMedArbs;m:asInu edüEslbnÞHú 4vKÁ nigTinñn½yBak;B½n§
m:asIuntUcel,ÓnelOn m:asIunFMel,ÓnyWt
l>r briyay
bnÞkú kMedA GRtakMedA bnÞkú kMedA GRtakMedA
kj/kWh bBa©Úl (%) kj/kWh bBa©Úl (%)
1 kar)at;bg;TwkRtCak; 1/590 16>7 2/010 12>0
2 kar)at;bg;eRbgrMGil 340 3>6 637 3>8
3 kar)at;bg;]s½nµbeBa©j 3/190 33>5 2/530 15>1
4 kar)at;bg;kMedAbMPay 340 3>6 200 1>2
5 kar)at;bg;xül;RtCak; 455 4>8 1/460 8>7
6 kar)at;bg;elIkugdg;sr½ - - 2/090 12>5
sMKal; ]TahrN_ ma:sunI manel,Ón ]TahrN_ ma:sunI manel,Ón
1/200CMku ñúg1naTI 400CMku ñúg1naTI
498
kMedA 100°
(216.7 g/kWh x 10,000 kW)
kareFV[I RtCak;BIm:asIun 1>2° ]sµ½nbeBa©j

32>6° Rbdab;eFVI[xül;RtCak; 87°
kar)at;bg;GanuPaBelI cMhay)anmkvij
ehSenr:aT½r 1>3° 17>5°
]sµ½nbeBa©j 15>1°
RbsiT§PaBehSenr:aT½r
m:asInu edüEsl 40>5° kugdg;s½r 12>5°
cMhayekþAsMrab;
RbsiT§PaBeragcRk 43>3° kMedAeRbg 2>1°
GanuPaB)anRtlb;mkvijeday
TYb‘nÍ ehSenr:aT½r 2>8°
rUb ES42D ]TahrN_éntulüPaBkMedA

sMKal; ³ ehSenr:aT½rm:asIunedüEslEdlmanehSenr:aT½rTYbn‘Í cMhaysareLIgvij . kar)at;bg;]sµ½n
beBa©j 32>6° RtÚv)anbMElg nig)anmkvijCafamBlcMhay .
499
C¿BUkTI 6
l½kçx½NÐTUeTAsRmab;ehSeNr:aT½r
500
maRta 51 kartemøIgehSenr:aT½rEdlmanRbB½n§eFVI[RtCak;eRbIGuIRdUEhSn
1- GanuPaBehSenr:aT½r nigRbB½n§eFVI[RtCak;
(x 1,000 kVA)
GanuPaBehSenr:aT½r(kVA) 50 100 200 300 500 800 1500
eFVI[RtCak;edayxül;;
rbumr:TU ½r eFVI[RtCak;edayGIRu dÚEhSnminpÞal;
viFIeFVI[RtCak; eFVI[RtCak;edayGIRu dÚEhSnpÞal;
eFVI[RtCak;edayxül;
rbumsþaT½r eFVI[RtCak;edayGIRu dÚEhSnminpÞal;
eFVI[RtCak;edayGIRu dÚEhSnpÞal;
eFVI[RtCak;edayTwkpÞal;
rUb ES51A kartemøgI ehSenr:aT½reRbIRbB½n§eFV[I RtCak;edayGuIRdUEsn
cMNaM ³
 RbB½ne§ FVI[RtCak;minpÞal; ³ KWCaRbB½n§eFV[I RtCak;enAEpñkEdlbeBa©jkemþA dUcCaExScmøg
GIs
u LU g; rbum .l.
 RbB½ne§ FVI[RtCak;pÞal; ³ KWCaRbB½n§eFVI[RtCak;enAEpñkEdlbeBa©jkemþA dUcCaExScmøgeday
sar³FatuRtCak;pÞal; .
 RbB½ne§ FVI[RtCak;pÞal;edayTwk ³ KWCaRbB½n§eFV[I RtCak;enAEpñksþaT½redayeRbITwk
¬RbPB ³ esovePAsRmab;vs i kV r]NêGKÁisnI nignuyekøEG‘¦
1-1> karbMeBj]sµ½nGIuRdUEhSn
GkSbgVri bs;TrY b‘nÍ bitCitedayeRbg edIm,IkarBarkMu[]sµn½ GIRu dÚEhSnelcBIxagkñgú ehSenr:aT½r .
]sµn½ GIRu dÚEhSnrlaykñgú eRbg dUecñHkarbMeBj]sµn½ GIRu dÚEhSncaM)ac;RtUvbEnßmkñgú dMeNIrkarFmµta .
0.2-0.3MPa
Rbdab;bnßykMedA
ehSeNr:aT½r
Fug]sµn½ GIRu dUEhSn naLikavas;PaBsuT§én]sµ½nGIuRdUEhSn

rUbPaB ES51B RbB½n§bBa©Úl]sµn½ GIRu dUEhSeTAkñúgehSenr:aT½r
501
1-2 RbB½n§eRbgsRmab;pÞb;]sµ½nGIRu dUEhSn
RbB½ne§ FVI[RtCak;ehSenr:aT½redayGuIRdUEsn RtUvbMBak;edayRbB½n§eRbgsRmab;pÞb]; sµn½ GIRu dUEhSn
edIm,IkarBar]sµn½ GIRu dUEhSnmin[elc b¤FøayBIxagkñgú ehSenr:aT½r .
):adag
ehSeNr;aT½r
bMBg;eRbg
bUmeRbg
FugRcalxül;
FugsuBaØakas
rUbPaB ES51C RbB½n§eRbgsRmab;pÞb;]sµn½ GIRu dUEhSnrbs;ehSenr:aT½r

1-3 EdnkMNt;éncMNcu pÞúH ¬kMritpÞHú kñgú xül;¦
H2: 4～75%
rUbPaBenHbgðajBIcMNcu dg;seuI tgayeFV[I pÞHú
1-5 viFIkarBarkarelcRCab]sµn½ GIuRdUEhSn
enAeBlRbB½n§karBar]sµn½ GIuRdUEhSnrbs;ehSenr:aT½rxUc RbB½n§pøeMú brbs;]sµn½ nIRtUEhSnpat;cUleTAelIG½kS
bgVli rbs;ehSenr:aT½rsRmab;karBarkarelcRCab]sµn½ GuIRdUEhSnBIehSenr:aT½r viFIenHKWTb;]sµn½ GuRI dUEsnmin
[elcRCabmkxageRkA edayeRbI]sµ½nnIRtUEhSn . edIm,IeCosvagkarFøay]sµn½ eKRtUvbMBak;bBM g;
beBa©j]s½nµGRuI dUEsnrbs;ehSeNr:aT½r .
502
maRta 52 RbB½n§bBa¢a
RbB½n§cak;esarrbs;eragcRkedIredaykMedA
RtUvmanbMBak;nUvRbB½nk§ arBarTYrb‘ÍnedayELk nigÉkraCü . RbB½n§enHRtUv)ansikSabec©keTssRmab;
krNImansBaØakat;pþac;ekIteLIg d¿eNIrkarbBa¢asnÞHbiTebIkcMhayTaMgGs;RtUveFVIskmµPaBbiTPøam²Tan;
eBlevla .
1> kEnøgRtUvcak;esarkarBarsMxan;²rvagLcMhay TYrb‘ÍncMhay nigehSeNr:aT½rmanbgêaj
dUcxageRkam ³
kareFVIskmµPaB
rbs;]bkrN¾ Bnøt;LcMhay
karBarLcMhay
ebIkcMhDIsüúgT½remeTA
ExSbBa¢Ún kareFVIskmµPaB
rbs;]bkrN¾
kareFVIskmµPaB karBar
rbs;]bkrN¾ Bnøt;TrY b‘ÍncMhay Bnøt;ehSeNr:aT½r ehSeNr:aT½r
karBarTYrb‘Ín
cMhay
cak;esarsMxan; skmµPaBdac;edayELk
temøIgesarkñúgRbGb;
rUb ES52A RbB½n§cak;esar
karBnül;BIskmµPaBxagelI
enAeBlRbdab;karBarTYrb‘nÍ cMhayeFVIskmµPaB bnÞab;BmI ankarbBa¢ak;rbs;snÞHbiTebIkTYrb‘ÍnnImYy²
kñúgsßanPaBbiTRbdab;karBar nigBnøte; hSeNr:aT½r[rlt; nigCaTUeTAebIkcMhDIsüúgT½rem .
enAkrNIepSgeTot eBlRbdab;karBarTYrb‘ÍncMhayeFVIskmµPaB manRbB½n§2 dUcxageRkam ³
- manRbB½n§my Y sRmab;Bnøt;LcMhayPøam²edaysVy ½ Rbvtþi bnÞab;BTI rY b‘nÍ cMhayrlt;
- RbB½nm§ YyeTotminBnøt;LcMhayedays½y V Rbvtþi enAeBlmanl½kçx½NÐtRmUvkarBitR)akd .
]bkrN¾karBarRtUvsikSabec©keTsEp¥kelIeKalkarN¾kMhcU -suvtßiPaB .
503
C¿BUkTI 7
GnþrbBaØtþi
504
maRta53 GnþrbBaØtþisRmab;Gñkkan;GaCJab½NÑFuntUc nigFunmFüm
kgða
Rbdab;pÞbs
; emøg EpSg
OC Wh W Pf A
F
OV UV
m:suIn ehSeNr:aT½ V
AVR VR
Fugsþkú eRbg r
EX DC
RbB½n§RtYtBinti ü AC
FugTwkRtCak;
Fugxül;
kueM Rbs½r
1-m:asInu edüEsl 2-ehSenr:aT½r 3-RKwH 4-Rbdab;pÞbs ; emøg 5- bMBg;bt;Ebn)an

6- tMNbMBg;bt;Ebn)an 7- TUrbBa¢a 8- TUrbBa¢abeBaäHs½VyRbvtþi 9-brikçaRtYtBinitüxül; 10-kMueRbs½r
11-Fugxül; 12-FugeRbg 13-m:asIunbUmeRbg 14-sñb;bUmedayéd 15-FugTwkRtCak;
505
16-brikçaRtYtBinitüTwk 17-pøÚvEdksRmab;r:ksÞÚc 18-r:ksÞÚc 19-kgða
20- RbLaysRmab;ExSePøIgnigbMBg; 21- bMBg;RsUbxül;
rUbPaB ES53A ]TahrN_ eragcRkGKÁs
i nIeEdüEsl ¬krNIRbB½nb§ eBaäHedayxül;¦
]TahrN_éntRmÚvkarEdl)ankMNt;kúgñ maRta 54 manbgðajkñgú rUb ES54A nig ES54B .
DIsüúgT½r WHM WHM WHM

ExScMlgnImy
Y ²RtÚvmanbg;
RtÚvtemøgI sRmab; elxsMKal;
ehSeNr:aT½rnImYy²
cMNg
bMBg; ExScMlgTaMgGs;RtÚv
temøIgkñgú bMBg; b¤elIeFñTI Rm
b¤elIeFñITRm ]bkrN_sMPar³GKis Á nInImy
Y ²RtÚv
bMBg; b¤eFñTI Rm P¢ab;CamYynwgExSdI[)anRtwmRtÚv
minGnuBaØat[temøgI ExScMlgelIdIpÞal;
]TahrN_temøIg
rUb ES54A ³ ]TahrN_viFanbgáareRKaHmhnþrayGKÁs

i nI ¬1¦
RbsinebIGñkkan;GaCJab½NÑFuntUc b¤mFümminGactemøgI ExScMlgkñúgbMBg; b¤maneFñITRm)any:agehac

Nas;RtUvcgExScMlgpþ¿Kú ña[manrebob .
506
cgExScMlgpþKúM ña
GaTiPaB
1 temøIgkñgú RbGb; b¤TrU biTCit
2 temøIgKMrb ¬y:agehacNas;¦
rUb ES54B ³ ]TahrN_viFanbgáareRKaHmhnþrayGKÁs

i nI ¬2¦
maRta 55 suvtißPaBcMeBaHCnTI3
]TahrN_éntRmÚvkarEdl)ankMNt;kúgñ maRta55 manbgðajkñgú rUb ES55A, ES55B nig ES55C .
]TahrN_én :rkSaPaBs¥at :
rUb ES55A ³ ]TahrN_viFansRmab;suvtißPaBcMeBaHCnTI3 ¬1¦

RtÚvsagsg;rbg b¤CBa¢aMgB½TC§ vMu ijmeFüa)ayplitGKis
Á nI
CBa¢aMg b¤rbg
ehSenr:aT½r brievNmeFüa)ayplit
rkSaPaBs¥¥at GKis
Á nIRtÚvrkSaPaBs¥at
ehSenr:aT½r
sBaØahamXat;
sBaØahamXat;
RtÚvtemøgI RbB½n§ esarRtwmRtÚv
507
meFüa)ayplitkmµGKiÁsnIRtÚvmanrbg b¤CBa¢aMgB½T§CvMu ij nigRtÚvmanbgðajsBaØa :hamXat; : .
enHCa]TahrN_mYyminl¥
RtUvTukdak;sMPar³EdlGaceqH[q¶ayBIm:asInu
rUb ES55B ³ ]TahrN_viFansMrab;suvtiPß aBcMeBaHCnTI3 ¬2¦
[RbB½nb§ Ba¢ÚnGKÁisnI ]
CaTUeTA GanuPaBm:asInu RtÚv)anbBa¢ÚneTAr:TU r½ ehSenr:aT½rtamry³brikçarbBa¢ÚnGanuPaB .
b:uEnþeTaHbICakrNIGñkkan;GaCJab½NFÑ untUck¾eday RbB½n§bBa¢ÚnGanuPaBedayeRbIExSBank¾minGnuBaØat[eRbIEdr
edaysarmUlehtudUcxageRkam ³
mUlehtu ³
1> bgáreRKaHfñak;dl;GñkdMeNIrkarm:asInu ePøIg enAeBlExSBandac; b¤rbUtecjBIkg;r:k
2> GacmaneRKaHfñak;dl;mnusS b¤rbs;edayTak;CamYykg;r:k b¤ExSBan
3> begánI kar)at;bg;GanuPaBtammeFüa)aybBa¢Ún
minGnuBaØat[eRbIRbB½n§bBa¢Ún
EdleRbIExSBan
rUb ES55C ³ ]TahrN_viFansRmab;508suvtißPaBcMeBaHCnTI3

¬3¦
maRta 56 viFankarN¾edIm,IsuvtßiPaBsRmab;\n§n³ nigsMPar³KImI
]TahrN_éntRmÚvkarEdl)ankMNt;kúgñ maRta 56 manbgðajkñúgrUb ES56A, ES56B, ES56C
nig ES57D .
FugeRbgRtÚvtemøIgrwgmaM ehIysMPar³GaceqHRtUvsßti enAy:agehacNas;[)ancMgay 1Em:Rt
FugeRbg FugeRbg
TRm
rUb ES56A ³ kartemøgI FugeRbg
FugeRbgRtÚvtemøIgy:agehacNas;[)anKmøat 1Em:Rt BImeFüa)ayGKÁs

i nI
minGnuBaØat[eRbIFgu eRbg
EdlGaccl½t)an
KmøatRtÚvelIsBI 1Em:Rt
rUb ES56B ³ karhamXat;minGnuBaØat[eRbIFugeRbgEdlGaccl½t)an
509
]TahrN_ : FugeRbgGcl½t :
rUb ES56C ³ ]TahrN_énFugeRbgGcl½t
bMBg;EpSgbeBa©jBIm:asInu ePøIgRtÚvmankMBs;ya: gehacNas; 2Em:Rt BIépÞxagdIeRkAeragm:asInu ePøIg
bMBg;EpSg
kMBs;x<s;Cag
2Em:Rt
ehSenr:aT½r
rUbPaB ES56D ]TahrN_énkartemøIgbMBg;EpSg

maRta 57 karkarBarbrisßan
1 kMritkMNt;semøg ¬ eyagbTb,BaØtiþ nigsþg;dabrisßanenAkm<úCa¦

¬ 1¦ sþg;dakm<úCa
sþg;dasemøgenAkm<Cú amanbBa©ÚlkñúgGnuRkwtüsIþBIkarRtÜtBinitükarbMBulxül; nigsemøg.
GnuRkwtüenHBuM)ac;esñbI Ba©Úlsþg;daRbPBGcl½teT .
sRmab;karRtÜtBinitükMritbeBa©jsemøgBIyanynþRKb;RbePT kMritbeBa©jsemøgGnuBaØatKWrvag 80
nig 90edsIuEbl (dB (A)) . kMritbeBa©jsemøgrbs;rfynþdwkGñkdMeNIrticCag 12nak; KW 80
edsIEu bl . kMritbeBa©jsemøgrbs;rfynþdwkGñkdMeNIrEdlmancMnYnelIsBI 12nak; KW 85edsIEu bl.
510
kMritbeBa©jsemøgrbs;eTacRkyanynþ KWcenøaH 85 eTA 90edsIuEbl.
kMritbeBa©jsemøgrbs;rfynþdwkTMnij KWcenøaHBI 85 nigedsIEu bl .
kMritkMNt;sþg;dasemøgGtibrma EdlGnuBaØatenAtMbn;saFarN³ nigtMbn;lMenAdæan (dB (A))
dUcxageRkam ³
tarag ES57A ³ kMritkMNt;sgþ ;dasemøgGtibrmaEdl)anbBaØtþi
GMLúgeBl
BIem:ag BIem:ag BIem:ag
TItaMg 6³00RBwk 18³00l¶ac 22³00yb;
dl;em:ag dl;em:ag dl;em:ag
18³00l¶ac 22³00yb; 6³00RBwk
tMbn;sa¶ t; ³
-mnÞIreBTü
-bNÑal½y 45 45 35
-salaeron
-salametþyü
tMbn;lMenAdæan ³
-sNæaKar
60 50 45
-GaKarrdæ)al
- pÞH
tMbn;BaNiCk¢ mµ ¼ esvakmµ 70 65 50
]sSahkmµFunRsal
75 70 50
enAkñgú tMbn;lMenAdæan
kMritkMNt;sgþ ;dasRmab;RtÜtBinitüsemøgkñgú eragCag eragcRk nig]sSahkmµmandUcxageRkam³

tarag ES57B ³ kMritkMNt;sþg;dasemøgsMrab;eragCag nigeragcRk
kMritsemøg (dB (A)) ry³eBlGtibrma ¬em:ag¦ kMriténbrikçarkarBar
75 32
80 16 kñgú tMbn;mankMritsemøg
85 8 elIsBI 80 (dB (A))
90 4
511
95 2
100 1
105 0>5
110 0>25
115 0>125
¬ 2¦ sþg;daGnþr³CatidéTeTótEdlGacmanplRbeyaCn_
sßanPaBénkarRtÜtBinitüsemøgrbs;FnaKarBiPBelaksRmab;eragcRkGKÁisnI KWmankMNt;kgñú TMB½rTI
419 énkarbgáarkarbMBul nigk,Ünkat;bnßy dUcxageRkam ³
:vFi ankarkat;bnßyedaykarbeBa©jsemøgRtÚvseRmceKaledA kñgú kMritkMNt;kñúgtaragxageRkamNa
mYy b¤karekIneLInGtibrmaeRkamkMrit 3 edsIEu bl ¬vas;EvgedayEp¥kelImaRtdæan A¦ [dB (A)] .
viFanvas;KWyk]bkrN_vas;semøg (Noise Receptors) dak;vas;Rtg;RBMRbTl;kmµsiT§i : .
tarag ES57C bTb,BaØtþirbs;FnaKarBiPBelak
smmUlénkMritsemøgGnuBaØatGtibrma
¬ vas;mYyem:agmþg ¦ KitCa dB (A)
]bkrN_vas;semøg eBléf¶ eBlyb;
BIem:ag 7³00RBwk BIem:ag 22³00yb;
dl;em:ag 22³00yb; dl;em:ag 7³00RBwk
lMenAdæan sßab½nrdæ
55 45
RKwHsßanGb;rM
]sSahkmµ BaNiCk¢ mµ 70 70
maRta 58 l½kçx½NÐsRmab;dMeNIrkar
1- l½kçx½NÐraykarN_
1-1 karkt;Rtaral;bBaðaEdlekItman
¬eRKaHfñak;F¶n;F¶rRtUvraykarN_ nigRtUvGegátedayGaCaJFrGKÁs i nIkm<Cú a¦
kalNamaneRKaHfñak; b¤GKÁIP½yBak;B½n§nwggeragcRkGKÁs i nI b¤k¾brikçarGKÁs
i nIGñkkan;GaCJab½NÑ
RtUvraykarN_BIeRKaHfñak; b¤GKÁiP½ymkGaCaJFrGKÁsi nIkm<Cú aCabnÞan;EdlGaceFVIeTA)aneyageTAtam
sþg;daEdl)anpþl;eday GaCaJFrGKÁs i nIkm<Cú a bnÞab;mkRtUvraykarN_CalaylkçN¾GkSr
512
mkGaCaJFrGKÁisnIkm<úCaedayBnüaeBlxøbI pM ut .
GaCaJFrGKÁs
i nIkm<Cú anwgRbtibtþdi UcxageRkam
k-cuHdl;TtI aMgEdlmaneRKaHfñak; b¤GKÁPI ½y
x-eFVIkarGegátRBwtkþi arN_CabzmmYy
K-kt;RtanUvGVEI dl)anrkeXIj nigftrUbEdlTak;Tg rYmeFVkI arGegátmþgeTot .
1> sþg;daBak;B½n§
sþg;daxageRkamGacTTYlyk)anenAeBleragcRkGKÁs
i nIedIredaykMedAfµI RtUv)ansagsg;rYc .
sþg;da nigkUdEdlGacGnuvtþ)an
karbBa¢ak;epSgBIenHsßitkñúgsþg;dabec©keTselIkElgEtman karkMNt;bec©keTs vtßúFatu
karplit kareFVIetsþ karRtYtBinitü nigRbtibtþikar]bkrN_GKis Á nI nig]bkrN_eGLicRtÚemkanic
RtUveKarBtamsþg;daCati-GnþrCati Edl)anEksMrYlcugeRkay edayGnuelamtamsþg;daEdlGac
Gnuvtþ)andUcxageRkam ³
tarag ES-Ap-1 sþg;da nigkUdEdlGacGnuvtþ)an
BakübMRBYj eQµaHCapøÚvkar
ANSI viTüasßansþg;daCatiGaemrik
ISO GgÁkarGnþrCatisRmab;begáItsþg;darUbnIykmµ
JIS sþg;da]sSahkmµCb:nu
NFPA smaKmCatikarBarGKÁPI ½y
kñúgkrNIEdlTMnas;ekItmaneLIgrvagkUd nigsþg;daEdlykmkGnuvtþ lkçN³vinic½äykUdNaEdl
RtwmRtUvCag nwgRtÚvykmkRKb;RKg ¬cMNcu én]bkrN_ nigEpñksikSabec©keTsnImYy² nwgRtÚv
eKarBtamkUdmYy b¤eRcInxagelI¦ .
¬1¦ sþg;daemkanic
sþg;daemkanik nigkUdGacrab;bBa©Úl b:uEnþminmankarkMNt;cMeBaHsþg;da dUcmanenAkñgú tarag
xageRkamenH ³
tarag ES-Ap-2 sþg;daemkanic
ANSI viTüasßansþg;daCatiGaemrik
API viTüasßaneRbgkatGaemrik
513
ASME shKmn¾GaemrikénviskV remkanic
ASTM shKmn_GaemrikénkareFVeI tsþvtßúFatu
AWS shKmn_GaemrikénkarpSa
AWWA shKmn_GaemrikEckcayTwk
JSME shKmn_Cb:unénvisVkremkanic
NFPA shKmn_CatikarBarGKÁiPy ½
¬2¦ sþg;daGKÁisnI
sþg;daGKÁsi nI nigkUdGacrYmbBa©Úl b:Eu nþminmankarkMNt;cMeBaHsþg;dadUcmanenAkñúgtaragxageRkam
enH ³
tarag ES-Ap-3 sþg;daGKÁs i nI
IEC KN³kmµkarGnþrCatibec©keTsGKÁs i nI
IEEE viTüasßanviskV rGKÁs
i nI nigeGLicRtÚnci
JEC KN³kmµaFikarbec©keTsGKÁisnICb:nu
JEM smaKmplitkrGKÁisnICb:nu
NEMA smaKmplitkrGKÁisnICati
¬3¦ sþg;daRbtibtis þ Rmab;eFVIetsþ

Rbtibtþki areFVeI tsþRtUvGnuelamtamsþg;daetsþ nigkUdEdl)anrab;bBa©Úl b:Eu nþminmankarkMNt;cMeBaH
sþg;dadUcmanenAkñúgtaragdUcxageRkam³
tarag ES-Ap-4 sþg;daRbtibtis þ Rmab;eFVIetsþ
elxkUd¼sþg;da eQµaHkUd¼sþg;da
ASME PTC 46-1996: kUdetsþsBIþ IRbtibtþikareragcRkTUeTA
ISO 2314:1989: karTTYlsÁal;etsþTrY b‘nI ]sµ½n
ASME PTC 22-1985 eragcRkGKÁs i nITYb‘Ín]sµn½ ³ kUdetsþRbtibtþki ar
viFanvas;lMhUrvtßúravedayviFI bMBg;pSg nigk,alTueya
ISO 5167-1991
bBa©ÚleTAkñúgbMBg;muxkat;mUl
ASTM 3588-1989 lkçN³]sµ½n
ASME PTC 4.4-1981 ehSenr:aT½reRbIkMedAcMhaymþgeTot
514
ASME PTC 3.3 \n§n³Ca]sµn½
ASTM 1945-1991 viFIetsþsþg;dasMrab;vPi aK]sµ½nFmµCatiedayeRbIRkUm:atURka
hVI]sµ½n
¬4¦ epSg²
enARKb;tMbn; nig]bkrN_GKis Á nIkgñú eragcRk nigkñúgTItaMgeragcRkRtUvmanbMBak;nUvRbB½n§karBar
nigRbB½n§pþl;sBaØaGKÁPi ½y . RbB½nk§ arBarTaMgenH rYmmanRbB½n§karBaredayeRbITwkmincl½t karkarBar
edayeRbI]sµ½n RbB½np§ þl;sBaØaBIGKÁiP½y nigeRKÓgRbdab;EdlGaccl½t)an . karsikSbec©keTsén
RbB½nT§ aMgenHRtÚveKarBtamtRmÚvkarfµ²I énGaCJaFrCatibgáaGKÁPi ½y (NFPA) .
kargartemøIgGKÁs
i nIRtÚvGnuvtþtambTb,BaØtþi nigCaTYeTATTYlyksþg;daGnþrCati nigRtÚvGnuBaØat
[mansuvtßiPaBkargar .
]bsm<n½ §
(Appendix)
2> EpñksMxan;²sMrab;eFVIkarCYsCulrbs;Gñkkan;GaCJab½NÑFuntUc nigFunmFüm .
¬rMj½r nigsemøgminRbRktIrbs;m:asIunedüEsl¦
karmindMeNIrkar mUlehtuEdlGacekItman viFankarEktRmÚv
sÞHeRbg b‘icminRtUvnigxYbkMNt; EktRmÚveLIgvij
kMritestanTabkñgú eRbg\n§n³ pøas;brþÚ eRbg\n§n³
b‘icecjeRbgminesµKI ëa EktRmÚveLIgvij
snÞHbiTebIkb‘ic kar)aj;eRbgminl¥ etsþb‘éceRbg pøas;bÚrþ ecj
mindMeNIrkar snÞHbiTebIkeRbgxUc pøas;brþÚ ecj
m:asIunRtCak;eBk BinitüsItN u ðPaBTwk
m
m
krNIsemøgmin s<W b¤RbGb;elx s<Wb¤RbGb;elxmanCati pøas;brþÚ ecj
RbRktIB¤ecjBIs<W minRbRktI kMe)arsenAxagkñgú
b¤RbGb;elx xUcs<W b¤RbGb;elx pøas;brþÚ ecj
kMNksñmw eRcInhYs RtYtBinitü/ CYsCul
515
semøgminRbRktI b‘ULúg nigexÄrlug RtYtBinitü rwtbnþgw eLIgvij
ecjBIKRmbsIuLaMg RckcUl nigEpSgénsnÞHbiTebIk RtYtBinitü CYsCul b¤pøas;bþÚrecj
s¥ti
cenøaHrIkkñgú RckcUl EktRmÚveLIgvij
nigEpSgénsnÞHbiTebIkrIkedaykMedA
m
m
semøgminRbRktI manCatis¥itkñúgRckcUl RtYtBinitü CYsCul b¤pøas;bþÚrecj
kñúgbMBg;pÁt;pÁg;
m
m
semøgminRbRktI xUckam nigr:ULÚkam CYsCul b¤pøas;bÚrþ ecj
ecjBIRbGb;kam xUcr:ULÚem CYsCul b¤pøas;bÚrþ ecj
m
m
semøg nigrMj½r xUc)a:dag pøas;brþÚ ecj
minRbRktIénRbdab; xUcr:UT½r manGgÁFatueFVI[KaMgsÞH pøas;bþÚrecj
begánI kMedA kñúgr:UT½r
m
516
snÞanuRkm
én
Bakübec©keTsGKiÁsnI
GLOSSARY
OF
ELECTRICAL TERM
Z
Z
517
snÞanuRkmBakübec©keTs
sRmab;]NðGKÁisnI
k
karbMEbkGatUm kareFVITwk[eTACabMENkl¥ittUc² .
kMhab; CaPav³xab; s¥it b¤Bak;kNþalrav .
kmøaMgbgVil CakmøaMg EdleFVI[manclnavil .
ka)a:suIT½r Ca]bkrN¾pÞúkbnÞúkGKÁisnI .
kMedAelIs CasßanPaBEdlsItuNðPaBsßitenAelIsBIkarkMNt; .
k,alTueya EdlmanragCasuILaMg b¤CabMBg;mUlenAcugTueya eRbIR)as;sRmab;RtYtBinitü kar)aj;ecjén]sμ½n
b¤vtßúrav .
kuMeRbss½r m:asuInsRmab;bMENnxül; b¤vtßúFatuepSgeTot edIm,IbegáInsm<aF .
kugdg;s½r CaFugsRmab;eFVIcMhay[køayCaTwk .
karerobExSdI CakarP¢ab;GKÁisnIeTAdI edaycat;TukfadImanbU:tg;EsülsUnü .
karEckcay CakarEckcayfamBlGKÁisnIeTAdl;GñkeRbIR)as; .
kmøaMgDIeGLicRTic CakmøaMgEdlGacRTaMnwgtg;süúgCak;lak;mYy .
x
ExSkab CaExScmøgmaneRsabGuIsULg; b¤ExScmøgmaneRsamkarBar ehIyeRbIsRmab;bBa¢ÚnfamBlGKÁisnI
b¤ bBa¢ÚnsBaØaTUrKmnaKmn_ .
ExSbNþajGKÁisnI CaEpñkénmeFüa)ayGKÁisnI EdleRbIR)as;sRmab;bBa¢Ún b¤EckcayGKÁisnI .
K
eRKOgbnÞab;bnSM CaeRKOgC¿nYy b¤ sRmab;bEnßmskmμPaBenAkñúgmeFüa)aybnÞab;bnSM .
KN³kmμkarbec©keTsGKÁisnIGnþrCati International Electrotechnical Commission ( IEC ) .
518
c
cRgáanL CaEpñkmYyénLcMhay .
cMhay¬Twk¦Eq¥t CacMhay¬Twk¦EdlpSMeLIgBIcMnYnRKb;RKan;énl,ay .
cMhay CavtßúFatu EdlRtUv)anbMElgBITwkedaykMedA ehIybegáItCaTRmg;G½RPB’Ns .
clnacakp©it Caclna EdlgakecjBIcMnucp©it CaBiessclnakñúgrgVg; .
eRcH b¤sñwm karpøas;bþÚredaysarFatuKImI EdleFVI[elah³xUcKuNPaB.
q
qñaMg sRmab;pÞúkvtßúrav b¤cMhay .
C
CBa¢aMgbMBg;Twk CaEpñkmYyénLcMhay .
D
DIEsül¬m:asuIn¦ m:asuIncMehHkñúg eRbIeRbgm:as‘Ut b¤eRbgexμA .
t
Rtg;sVÚ CabrikçasRmab;bBa©úH b¤begáIntg;süúgéncrnþqøas; .
T
TYrb‘Ín Cam:asuIn EdlP¢ab;nwgehSeNr:aT½rGKÁisnIsRmab;plitfamBl . TYrb‘ÍnRtUv)anbgVil
edayclnaéncrnþTwk cMhay ]sμ½n xül; .l.
TwkeqA CaTwk EdlminTan;bnSút .
519
F
Fug sRmab;EjkTwkecjBIcMhay .
b
)aEr:l FugpÞúkeRbg .
)adag sRmab;RTdgrgVil nigbnßyPaBkkit .
b‘ÍepnIl CasrIragÁsmas pSMeLIgedayepnIl 2Rkum EdlcgP¢ab;CamYyKña .
Rbdab;sÞg;kMedA Ca]bkrN¾sRmab;vas;sItuNðPaB edayeRbIExScMlgelah³BIrxusKña EdlP¢ab;cMNuctP¢ab;BIr
EdlmankMedAxusKña .
eRbkg; CacMnYneyaléncrnþqøas; .
bUm Ca]bkrN¾emkanik EdleRbIsMrab;bUmvtßúrav b¤]sμ½n .
eRbgminTan;cRmaj; Cal,ayénhayRdUkae)an EdlGacmanenAkñúgdI ehIyGacykmkcRmaj;)anCa
eRbgsaMg ):ar:ahVIn eRbgm:as‘Ut .l.
eRbg Cavtßúxab;lμm EdlcMraj;ykecjBIeRbgkateqA .
bnÞúk CabrimaNfamBlGKÁisnIeRbIR)as;kñúgxN³eBlNamYy .
eRbgrMGil sarFatuEdleRbIR)as;sRmab;rMGilm:asuIn b¤brikçaepSg² .
Rbdab;RKb;RKg Ca]bkrN¾EktRmUvkarpÁt;pÁg;\n§n³ cMhay b¤Twkedays½VyRbvtþi .
RbB½n§bNþaj CabNþajExSkab b¤ExSsMrab;EckcayfamBl CaBiesssMrab;bNþajtg;süúgx<s; .
b:UlIkørINat CasarFatuKImI .
p
EpSg CaEpSgEdlekItmanbnÞab;BImancMehHkñúgm:asIun.
B
BIssþúg CasuILaMgxøImansWmI nigGaceFVIclnaeLIg b¤cHu eBlmancMehH eRbIenAkñúgm:asuIncMehHkñuúg .
520
P
PaBFn; CasmtßPaBEdlFn;nwgkmøaMg b¤kMedA .
PaBtantwg Casm<aF b¤kmøaMgEdlmanGMeBIeTAelIGgÁFatu .
m
m:asuIn sRmab;bMElgfamBlTaMgLay [eTACafamBlemkanik .
mCÄmNÐlEbgEck CameFüa)ayGKÁisnI Edlman]bkrN¾sRmab;bgðajTinñn½y nigRtYtBinitülMhUrcrnþGKÁisnI .
r
rcnasm<½n§ Cavtßú EdlCaEpñkmYyEdlP¢ab;CamYyKñatamkarkMNt; b¤CaTMnak;TMngrvagEpñkmYyénvtßúFatueRcIn.
ersuIsþg; CalkçN³énGgÁFatu b¤]bkrN_RbqaMgTl;nwgkarqøgkat;éncrnþ eFVI[)at;bg;famBl .
r:UT½r CaEpñkvilénm:asuIn .
r)atg;süúg ExScmøgGKÁisnIEdleRbIenAkñúgGnusßanIysRmab;EckcayGKÁisnI .
l
el,Ón Caclnaénvtßú b¤rUbFatukñúgTisedAkMNt; .
lMhUr CakarhUrCab;énvtßúrav xül; b¤]sμ½n .
llsbG l½kçx½NÐlMGiténsþg;dabec©keTsGKÁisnI sRmab;RBHraCaNacRkkm<úCa.
s
suBaØakas CalMh EdlenAkñúgenaHKμanxül; b¤]sμ½neLIy .
sßanIy¾ CamUldæanskmμPaBGKÁisnI ³ sßanIy¾GKÁisnI GnusßanIy¾GKÁisnI sßanIy¾P¢ab;-pþac; .
sþaT½r CaEpñkGcl½t¼nwgénehSenr:aT½rGKÁisnI b¤m:UT½r .
søab Caelah³FatumanragsMEb:t nigEvgsMrab;P¢ab;CamYynigr:UT½rénTYrb‘Ín .
snÞHbiTebIk Ca]bkrN¾sRmab;RKb;RKglMhUrénvtßúravtamTueya b¤bMBg;tamTisEtmYy edaysV½yRbvtþi .
sm<aF CakMlaMgEdlRtUv)anbegáIteLIgeday]sμ½n b¤vtßúrav .
sm<aFelIs CasßanPaBEdlsm<aFsßitenAelIsBIkarkMNt; .
521
sMbk KMrbsRmab;karBar b¤B½T§Cu¿vijGVImYy .
esoKVIGKÁisnI CapøÚvbBa¢ÚncrnþGKÁisnI .
søabkgðar CaEpñkvilrbs;søab edaysarlMhUrrbs;vtßúrav Twk cMhayTwk .
suILaMg CabnÞb;BIsþúg kñúgm:asuIncMhay b¤cMehHxagkñúgm:asuIn .
h
hayRdUlIk Ca]bkrN¾Tak;TgeTAnwgbrikça b¤m:asuInEdldMeNIrkaredayvtßúravsßiteRkam sm<aF dUcCaTwk
b¤eRbg .
ehSeNr:aT½r sRmab;bMElgfamBlemkanik eTACafamBlGKÁisnI .
L
L CaFugsRmab;begáItcMhaysm<aFx<s; .
G
Gaer:ssÞ½r ]bkrN¾sRmab;karBartg;süúgminRbRktI
GnusßanIy¾ CameFüa)ayGKÁisnI Edltg;süúgGKÁisnIRtUv)anbMElg kñúgenaHmanRtg;sVÚ ]bkrN¾karBarrnÞ³
]bkrN¾karBarcrnþelIs ]bkrN¾pþac;crnþ Rtg;sVÚtg;süúg Rtg;sVÚcrnþ r)a¬ExS¦cmøg
enAsßanIy¾GKÁisnI RbB½n§ruWeLkarBar RTU RbB½n§ SCADA meFüa)ayTUrKmnaKmn¾ .l.
GgÁkarGnþrCatisRmab;kargarsþg;da International Organization for Standardization ( ISO ) .
eGkUNUm:ays½r sRmab;begáInsItuNðPaBcMhay .
GtifiCn GñkeRbIR)as;crnþGKÁisnI .
\
\n§n³ CasarFatu EdlRtUv)andutedIm,IbeBa©jkMedA nigfamBl .
522
]
]bkrN¾pþl;sBaØa CaRbdab;sRmab;karRBmanedaysemøg b¤edaymeFüa)ayepSgeTot .
]bkrN_CMnYy CaRbdab;sRmab;CYy b¤KaMRTdl;dMeNIkar]bkrN_em .
]bkrN¾vas; CaRbdab;sMrab;rab;cMnYnGVImYy nigbgðajBIcMnYnEdl)anvas;Evg .
]Nð EdlTak;TgeTAnwgkMedA .
]bkrN¾dutkMedA[x<s; CaEpñkmYyénLcMhay EdlsRmab;begáInsItuNðPaBcMhay .
]bkrN¾kMedAeLIgvij CaEpñkmYyénLcMhay .
]bkrN¾bnßysemøg Rbdab;eRbIsRmab;kat;bnßysemøg .
]bkrN¾ CavtßúeFVItRmUvsRmab;eKalbMNgedayELk .
rYs
523
524

Electrical Cambodia Standard

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Electrical Cambodia Standard

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RBHraCaNacRkkm<úCa

Cati sasna RBHmhakSRt

RksYg]sSahkmμ Er: nigfamBl

EpñkTI 7 ³ l½kçx½NÐTUeTAcMeBaHmeFüa)ayEckcay tg;süúgmFüm nigTab

IEC KWCaGkSrkat;énBakü International Electrotechnical Commission mann½yfa

FMCag 115KILÚv:ul 123KILÚv:ul

edIm,IbgáarkuM[mankarbMBulbrisßan meFüa)ayGKÁisnIRtÚvEtsmRsbeTAtamc,ab; nigbTb,BaØtþibrisßannana

vtßúFatuEdlmankmøaMgemkanicRKb;RKan; nigmanlMnwgKImIRKb;RKan;enAeRkamsItuNðPaB nigsMBaFeFIVkarGtibrma .

maRta 22 ³ TYb‘ÍncMhay nigeRKOgbnÞab;bnSM rbs;va

26>6 karbgáarkarxUceragma:sIunGKÁisnI nigmeFüa)aydéTeTot

1> karxUcbNþalmkBIkarbgðÚrTwkecjBITMnb;eTAtMbn;xageRkam kñúgl½kçx½NÐTwkCMnn; minRtÚvekInelIs

28>3 kMlaMgemkanicénTYb‘ÍnGIuRdÚlic nigehSenr:aT½r

1> TYb‘ÍnGIuRdUlicRtÚvEtFn;eTAnwgsMBaFTwkGtibrma kñúgkrNIEdlbnÞúkRtÚv)ankat;pþac;

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TYb‘ÍnGIuRdÚlicnigehSenr:aT½r RtÚvbMBak;nUvRbdab;pþac;ehSenra:T½recjBIesoKVIGKÁisnI nigbBaÄb;TYb‘ÍnGIuRdUlic

maRta 29 ³ famBlkekIteLIgvij ehSenr:aT½rcl½t nigvarIGKÁisnIFuntUc

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maRta 30 ³ meFüa)ayplitkmμGKÁisnIedayTwkbUmsþúk nigmeFüa)ayplitkmμGKÁisnInuyEkøEG‘r

edIm,IbgáareRKaHfñak;cMeBaHCnTI3 Bak;B½n§nwgbegÁalRTExSbNþajGKÁisnI RtÚvGnuvtþviFankarN_ dUcxageRkam ³

1> minRtÚvtemøIgCeNþIrelahHénbegÁalTRmenAkMBs;TabCag 1>8 Em:Rt BIdIeLIy

maRt 33 ³ emKuNsuvtßiPaBrbs;ExSRsat nigExSdIénExSbNþajGakas

34>1 ExSbNþajtg;süúg;x<s; ExSbNþajtg;süúgmFüm nigExSbNþajtg;süúgTab

maRta 38 ³ RbB½n§ SCADA sMrab;mCÄmNÐlEbgEckGKÁisnI

CagenH enAeBlEdl 230 mantémøtUcCag 5Ω eBlenaH

2> begÁalTRm nigRKwHénExSbNþajGakastg;süúgx<s;RtÚvEterobcMeLIgedayKitKUrdl;témøénsMBaFxül;bk;

1> RtÚvtemøIgExSdI sMrab;ExSbNþajGakastg;süúgx<s; .

¬1¦ ExSRsat nigExSdIRtÚvtP¢ab;Kñaeday bMBg;tP¢ab;RbePTmanRkcab;rit[ENn b¤edayRbdab;

maRta 44 ³ KmøatrvagExSRsat nigbegÁalTRménExSbNþajGakastg;süúgx<s;

1> KmøatrvagExSRsatCamYybegÁalTRm ExSTb; nig¼b¤CnÞl;begÁalénExSbNþajGakastg;süúgx<s;

115KILÚv:ul minticCag 0>70Em:Rt

Kitcab;BIkMrwtkMBs;Twkx<s;bMput Kitcab;BIcMNucx<s;bMput énnavaEdlsßitelIkMrwt

minRtÚvtUcCagkMBs;edaybUkbEnßm 0>06Em:Rt EfmBIelI minRtÚvtUcCagkMBs;edaybUkbEnßm 0>06 Em:Rt

¬*1¦ cMNucx<s;bMputénnava RtÚvsMercykcMnYnmYyEdlføwgEføgdl;lT§PaBkñúgeBlGnaKt

KmøatrvagExScMlgnImYy²énExSbNþajGakastg;süúgx<s; CamYymeFüa)aydéTeTot b¤edImeQI RtÚvEtdUckarkMNt;

maRta 47 ³ karbgáarcMeBaHeRKaHfñak; nigkarrMxaneRCotERCkBIGaMgDucsüúgeGLicRtÚsþaTic nigGaMgDuc

15Em:Rt b¤ticCag y:agtic 1¼6énRbEvgsrub ExSbNþajtg;süúgmFümkñúg

15Em:Rt b¤ticCag y:agtic 1¼6énRbEvgsrub ExSbNþajtg;süúgTabkñúg

1> Rtg;sV½rm:aT½rtg;süúgmFüm¼Tab RtÚvtemøIgkñúgbnÞb;dac;edayELkmYyEdlRtÚv)ancak;esar .

1> enAelIExSbNþajtg;süúgmFümmYyRtÚvmanDIsSúgT½rkarBarcrnþelIsmYy EdlRtÚvtemøIgenAcMNuccrnþecj

maRta 55 ³ KmøatrvagExSbNþajGakas nigvtßúdéTeTot

ExSeRsamRbePT ABC (Aerial Bundle Conductor) tg;süúgTab GactemøIgpÞal;Cab;nwgCBa¢aMgGKar)aneday

56>2 ExSbNþajtg;süúgmFüm nigExSbNþajtg;süúgTab

enAeBlEdlExSbNþajtg;süúgmFümRtÚvtemøIgCitKña b¤ExVgKñaCamYyExSbNþajKmnaKmn_ eBlenaHExSbNþaj

1> ExSbNþajtg;süúgmFümminRtÚvtemøIgeRkamExSbNþajKmnaKmn_eLIy . RbsinebIExSbNþajtg;süúg

1> ExSbNþajtg;süúgTabminRtÚvkat;ExVgeRkamExSbNþajKmnaKmn_eT,Iy . RbsinebIviFIdéTeTotminman

RbsinebIkarvas;er:sIusþg;GIusULg;mankarlM)ak crnþRCab eTAdIGacrkSa[enARtwm 1 mIløIGaMEBr b¤tUcCagk¾)an .

tg;süúgNUmINal;énesoKVI tg;süúgsakl,g D.C er:sIusþg;GIusULg;

500v:ul b¤tUcCag 500 FMCag 0>5

ExSNWtRtÚvmanBN’exov b¤exμA ehIyExSkarBarRtÚvmanBN’ébtg b¤ébtglays b¤elOg .

3> ExSGKÁisnIkñúgGaKar RtÚvmanExScMlgteTAdIkarBar edIm,IFanakarP¢ab;eTAdIénbrikçaGKÁisnI .

maRta 65 ³ kartemøIgeRkAGKar kñúgTItaMgGñkeRbIR)as;

RksYg]sSahkmµ Er: nigfamBl

enAkñgú l½kçx½NÐlMGti énsþg;dabec©keTsGKÁs

rbs;esoKVImyY RtÚvxusKña nwg a c

RTU KWCaGkSrkat;énBakü Remote Terminal Unit Edl mann½yfa]bkrN_eFVkI arBIcm¶ay

SCADA KWCaGkSrkat;énBakü Supervisory, Control, and Data Acquisition mann½yfa

l½kçx½NÐlMGiténsþg;dabec©keTsGKiÁsnIsRmab;meFüa)aybBa¢Ún nigEckcayGKÁisnI kMNt;

meFüa)aybBa¢Ún nigEckcayGKÁs i nITaMgGs;enAkñúgu RBHraCaNacRkm<Cú a RtÚvEtmanlkçN³Rsb

meFüa)aybBa¢Ún nigEckcayGKÁs i nI EdlmanEpnkarnwgsagsg;RBmTaMgdak;[dMeNIrkarenAkñgú

kñgú krNIEdlkarGPivDÆn_vis½yGKÁisnIenAkñgú RBHraCaNacRkkm<úCa mantRmÚvkarcaM)ac;kgñú kar

RtÚvmanviFankarsmRsb edIm,IbI gáarmeFüa)ayGKÁisnImin[xUcedayeRKaHFmµCati Edl)an

- enAeBlmeFüa)ayGKÁisnINamYyxUcF¶n;F¶r meFüa)ayenaHRtÚvEtpþac;ecjBIRbB½n§GKÁs i nIya: gNa

2> karhamXat;min[temøgI eRKOgm:asunI b¤brikçaGKÁisnIEdleRbIb:UlkI øÚrINatehVNul¬ehAkat;fa PCB ¦