A H M 531 Unconfined Compression Test By: Mu'men Al-Otoom

Reg.No:0002804 .
Title Of Project :Unconfined Compression Test .
Group. No: S2 .
Date-Day: 3/1/2002 Sunday.

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A H M 531 Unconfined Compression Test By: Mu'men Al-Otoom

 Objective:

Find the relation between shear stress and

normal stress .
classification the soil to there type .

Theory:
S=C+σtanΦ .
S : shear stress .
C : cohesion .
σ :normal stress .
Φ : angle of friction .when we plot the relation
between S & σ :

S=Cu when Φ = 0
That mean the sample is saturated .
qu = (Cu / 2 ) .

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A H M 531 Unconfined Compression Test By: Mu'men Al-Otoom

Definition:

In this project we going to plot the

relation between shear stress and normal
stress by practice experiment .

Sample Identification:

• In this test we need only cylindrical sample not

full saturated .

Equipment:

An unconfined compression lesting machine .

Procedure& Calculation:
Obtain a soil specimen for the test . It is an
distributed specimen , it has to be trimmed to
the proper size by using the specimen timer. For
class room laboratory work , specimen at
various moisture contents can be prepared
using a Harvard miniature compaction device
measure (D),(h) and take (w%) .
Measure the specimen centrally between the tow
loading plates of the unconfined compression
machine .Move the top loading plate very
carefully just to touch the top of the specimen
.Set the proving ring dial gauge to zero .
Turn the machine on .Recurred loads and the
corresponding specimen deformation. During
the load application , the rate of vertical strain
should be adjusted to (0.5%) to (2%) per minute .
At the initial stage of the test , usually readings
are taken every 0.01 in of specimen deformation

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A H M 531 Unconfined Compression Test By: Mu'men Al-Otoom

. However , this can be vertical to every 0.02 in of

specimen deformation at later stage of the test
when the load-deformation curve begin to flatten
out .
Continue taking readings until :
a) Load reaches a peak and then decreases ;
or
b) load reaches a maximum value and
remains approximately constant there- after ;
or
c) deformation of the specimen is past (20%)
strain before reaching the peak . This may happen in
the case of soft clays .
Un load the specimen by lowing the bottom
loading plate .
Remove the specimen from between the two
loading plates .
Draw a free-hand sketch of the specimen after
failure . Show the nature of failure .
Put the specimen in a porcelain evaporating
dish , and determine the moisture content after
drying it in an oven to a constant weight .

Result & analysis:

Sample (1) :
D = 38 mm .
Lo = 78 mm .
εΔπ
ε = (ΔL / L ) = 0.32 x10 –2
o

A΄ = A /(1- ε) = (πr2)/(1- ε) = 1137.18 mm2 = 11.37 cm2

o

VT = AoLo = A΄ (Lo - ΔL) = 88.413 cm2 .

W%= (Ww/Ws)x100 .
Wt. Of can =32.67 g.
Wt. Of (can + soil ) = 73.33 g .
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A H M 531 Unconfined Compression Test By: Mu'men Al-Otoom

LRC = 0.715 .
______________________________________________
sample (1) : sample (2) :
D = 3.8 cm D = 3.8 cm
W = 151.42 g W =145.64 g .
h = 7.8 cm . h=7.55 cm .
R =1mm/min . R= 1mm/min
load Sample Correct Total Sampl
dial deformatio =(ΔL
Area
Cr = ε area A΄ =
load e
n ΔL
/ Lo)
x10-2 1- ε
Ao /(1- ) =load stress ε
x =
LRC σ=P/A
Sample (1):
19 0 0 0.0 11.355 13.58 1.1964
5
38 0.25 0.32 0.996 11.371 27.17 2.3893
8 4
61 0.5 0.64 0.993 11.408 43.61 3.8232
6 0 5
88 0.75 0.96 0.990 11.445 62.92 5.4976
0
114 1 1.3 0.987 11.484 81.51 7.0977
0
139 1.25 1.6 0.984 11.519 99.38 8.6279
0 5
Sample (2) :
0 0 0 1 11.355 0 0
58 0.25 0.33 0.996 11.372 41.47 3.6520
7 5
87 0.5 0.66 0.993 11.410 62.20 5.4516
4 3 5
99 0.75 0.99 0.990 11.448 70.78 6.1830
1 3 5
101 1.0 1 0.99 11.449 72.21 6.3073
5 5
90 1.25 1.6 0.984 11.519 6435 5.5863
3

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A H M 531 Unconfined Compression Test By: Mu'men Al-Otoom

sample (1) :
relation between stress & strain

2
1.6 1.5
1.3

stress
relation between
0.96 1
stress & strain
0.64
0.5
0.32
0 0
10 5 0
strain

sample (2) :
relation betweem stress & strain

7
6.3073
6.183 6
5.5863 5.4516
5
relation
stress

betweem stress 3.6524

& strain 3
2
1
00
2 1 0
strain

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A H M 531 Unconfined Compression Test By: Mu'men Al-Otoom

relation between stress & normal stress

8
7.5

normal stress
6
1‫ﺳﻠﺴﻠﺔ‬
3.75 4
2‫ﺳﻠﺴﻠﺔ‬
2
0 0 0
3 2 1
1‫ﺳﻠﺴﻠﺔ‬ 0 3.75 0
2‫ﺳﻠﺴﻠﺔ‬ 7.5 3.75 0
stress

Discussion & Conclusion:

-- Measurement of shear strength :
shear strength is measured both in the laboratory
and must be done in a way that simulates the
conditions that will be exit in the field . The shear
strength of sands and gravels can generally be made
on distributed samples that are remolded in the
laboratory to field densities . How ever, as discussed
in many site , remolding significantly affects the
physical properties of clay , and laboratory tests on
clay soil must there fore be made on undistributed
samples if the strength of a natural soil deposit is to
be determined.
The strength of proposed compacted earth
embankment is often required , and for such cases the
laboratory samples must be prepared to duplicate the
density , water content . and compaction method of
the field soil . The unconfined test , which is widely
used for saturated clay , is a special case of triaxial
shear test .

.
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