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BSIT-3C
CO IT 304 EMGJR
Table of contents
Pages
Mouse -----------------------------------------
Monitor ---------------------------------------
Different Printer -----------------------------
Kinds of Keyboard/Speaker ---------------------
Internal parts --------------------------------
AMD Motherboard -------------------------------
North/South Bridge ----------------------------
Hard Disk/SATA/Power Supply -------------------
Base Unit -------------------------------------
Intel/Cyrix/AMD -------------------------------
Computer CPU ----------------------------------
IDE -------------------------------------------
Compact Disk ----------------------------------
Publisher -------------------------------------
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Chapter 9: Hardware Installation ------------------------
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COMPUTER ORGANIZATION
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CHAPTER 1: COMPUTER PARTS
INPUT DEVICES
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camera (which connects using Ethernet or Wi-Fi), a webcam
is generally connected by a USB cable, or similar cable, or
built into computer hardware, such as laptops.
OUTPUT DEVICES
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STORAGE DEVICES
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the motherboard using an ATA, SCSI, or SATA cable, and are
powered by a connection to the PSU (power supply unit).
INTERNAL PARTS
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FANS one of the main problems with
computers, especially laptops, are
that they can overheat easily. To
stop this problem fans are added to
cool the computer down. The main fan
is positioned on the CPU because the
CPU is prone to overheating. Firstly
a thermal compound is put on top of the CPU followed by the
heat sink, and the fan is placed on the top if this.
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IDE is more commonly known as ATA or
PATA. It is a standard interface for
IBM compatible hard drives and CD or
DVD drive. IDE is different than
ESDI because its controllers are on
each drive, meaning the drive can
connect directly to the motherboard or controller.
SOUTHBRIDGE is a reference to a
chipset on a PC motherboard. It is a
group of microchips designed for a
single function and manufactured as a
single unit. This chipset controls or
manages input and output (I/O).
Examples of I/O interface connections
controlled by Southbridge are USB,
serial, IDE and ISA. These are the slower capabilities of
the motherboard. It is located on the Northbridge of the
PCI bus and is not directly connected to the CPU, but
connected to the CPU through the Northbridge.
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COMPACT DISC This device is used for
storage. Some CDs hold information to
be loaded into a computer. Some are
used to hold information from the
computer. It depends on what type of
CD it is.
OPTICAL DRIVES
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CHAPTER 2: HOW TO ASSEMBLE AND DISASSEMBLE OF PC
To Disassemble
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12-volt motherboard connector. With all power connectors
are removed from the motherboard and drives, the power
supply is now ok to be removed as well. Always have the
removed components placed in a remote and safe place away
from where you are performing computer disassembly.
8. Next to remove are the RAM, Video Card and other card
peripheral components. Again have them secured in a safe
place and put the screws back. Clean the connector edges of
the card peripherals by rubbing the gold colored edge
moderately with a rubber eraser then brushing off the
shredding. Do not attempt to clean the edge by blowing or
brushing it off with your fingers. Our body is acidic and
you might only cause the edges to tarnish faster.
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holes in the I/O shield. After freeing the motherboard
ports from the I/O shield holes, lift up the motherboard
and put it on the safe place.
12. Clean the system unit chassis with your brush also
clean your motherboard and the rest of the peripherals
being removed.
To Assemble
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be connected to its proper headers and drives.
Remember the proper configuration of the placement of
the cables especially if you are dealing with the IDE
cables.
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Chapter 3: PC Problem and Possible Solution
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CHAPTER 4: OPERATING SYSTEM INSTALLATION
Click ‘Install now’. Setup will start and you will see a
message on the screen ‘Set up is starting…’
Copying Windows
Installing features
Installing updates
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Completing Installation
The setup key will open the Product Key option. Enter the
correct product key, make sure that automatically activate
windows when I am online check box is selected and click
next.
Installation of Windows 7
The three basic types of clean installation procedures are
as follows:
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Installation takes 15 to 30 minutes, depending on the speed
of your machine. Refer to the following sections if you
have questions about any steps in this process.
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from the network share to the local system before the first
reboot.
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CHAPTER 7:
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Having some pieces of a file in one place while the others
are located elsewhere is going to require the hard drive to
look through the gaps or spaces occupied by other files
until it can gather all the necessary pieces to bring the
file together for you.
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Fragmentation isn't just a disorganized collection of files
and folders.
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CHAPTER 5:
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a hard disk, and the microprocessor cannot get to it
without some instructions that tell it how. The BIOS
provides those instructions. Some of the other common tasks
that the BIOS perform include:
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uses this information to modify or supplement its default
programming as needed. We will talk more about these
settings later.
Interrupt handlers are small pieces of software that act as
translators between the hardware components and the
operating system. For example, when you press a key on your
keyboard, the signal is sent to the keyboard interrupt
handler, which tells the CPU what it is and passes it on to
the operating system. The device drivers are other pieces
of software that identify the base hardware components such
as keyboard, mouse, hard drive and floppy drive. Since the
BIOS is constantly intercepting signals to and from the
hardware, it is usually copied, or shadowed, into RAM to
run faster
Primary Function of the BIOS
BIOS Drivers
The BIOS's first task is to configure all the system
hardware with basic drivers so the system can get up and
running. These drivers will set up and prepare the system
memory and configure any peripheral devices for use such as
the hard drives, optical drives, and video card. The BIOS
loads a basic system that's able to read the devices that
contain the system operating system.
BIOS Boot
The BIOS typically displays a splash screen when loading
the initial CMOS settings and the hardware drivers. BIOS
initiate the operating system boot process after all the
drivers are loaded and configured. The operating system
contains more robust versions of the system drivers and
replaces them with the BIOS versions once they're loaded.
The BIOS boot process is like the ignition on a car, it
gets the system ready for use.
PURPOSE OF BIOS FOR A COMPUTER
BIOS enable computers to perform certain operations as soon
as they are turned on. The principal job of a computer's
BIOS is to govern the early stages of the startup process,
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ensuring that the operating system is correctly loaded into
memory. BIOS are vital to the operation of most modern
computers, and knowing some facts about it could help you
troubleshoot issues with your machine.
POST
The first job of the BIOS after you switch your computer on
is to perform the Power on Self-Test. During the POST, the
BIOS check the computer's hardware in order to ensure that
it is able to complete the startup process. If the POST is
completed successfully, the system usually emits a beep. If
the test fails, however, the system generally emits a
series of beeps. You can use the number, duration and
pattern of these beeps to identify the cause of the test
failure.
Startup
With the POST completed, the BIOS then attempts to load the
operating system through a program known as a bootstrap
loader, which is designed to locate any available operating
systems; if a legitimate OS is found, it is loaded into
memory. BIOS drivers are also loaded at this point. These
are programs designed to give the computer basic control
over hardware devices such as mice, keyboards, network
hardware and storage devices.
Security
The BIOS can also play a role in computer security. Most
BIOS software versions have the option to password-protect
the boot process, which means that you must enter a
password before any BIOS activity can take place. With the
BIOS performing virtually all of its functions during
startup, this effectively password-protects the operation
of the whole computer. However, resetting a lost BIOS
password can be time-consuming and involve working on some
of the computer's most sensitive components.
Hardware
The BIOS software itself generally resides on a Read-Only
Memory, or ROM, or a flash memory chip attached to your
computers motherboard. The location of the BIOS software on
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the chip is important, as it is the first software to take
control of your computer when you turn it on. If the BIOS
was not always located in the same place on the same chip,
your computer's microprocessor would not know where to
locate it, and the boot process could not take place.
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Chapter 8: HOW TO MAKE A UTP CABLE
Step 1: Strip the cable jacket about 1.5 inch down from the end.
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Step 2: Spread the four pairs of twisted wire apart. For
Cat 5e, you can use the pull string to strip the jacket
farther down if you need to, then cut the pull string. Cat
6 cables have a spine that will also need to be cut.
Step 3: Untwist the wire pairs and neatly align them in the T568B
orientation. Be sure not to untwist them any farther down the cable than
where the jacket begins; we want to leave as much of the cable twisted as
possible.
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Step 4: Cut the wires as straight as possible, about 0.5
inch above the end of the jacket.
Step 5: Carefully insert the wires all the way into the
modular connector, making sure that each wire passes
through the appropriate guides inside the connector
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Step 7: Repeat steps 1-6 for the other end of the cable.
When you're all done, the connectors should look like this:
That's it. For crossover cables, simply make one end of the
cable a T568A and the other end a T568B. Now you can make
Ethernet cables of any length, fix broken connectors, or
make yourself a crossover cable.
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REFERENCES
http://www.oocities.org/gkmsr007/co_intro.htm
https://www.tutorialspoint.com/computer_fundamentals/comput
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https://www.slideshare.net/DanielAtkinson96/internal-
components-of-the-computer
https://www.techopedia.com/definition/2297/southbridge
https://www.computerhope.com/jargon/c/cmos.htm
http://clhidohsr.blogspot.com/2010/11/steps-for-safe-and-
successful-system.html
https://www.slideshare.net/DanielAtkinson96/internal-
components-of-the-computer
http://computer.howstuffworks.com/bios2.htm
http://smallbusiness.chron.com/purpose-bios-computer-
69278.html
https://www.computerhope.com/jargon/b/bios.htm
https://www.google.com.ph/search?sclient=psy-
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http://searchwindowsserver.techtarget.com/definition/defrag
mentation
https://www.lifewire.com/what-is-fragmentation-
defragmentation-2625884
https://www.cnet.com/how-to/how-to-make-your-own-ethernet-
cable/
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