TWI TRAINING & CERTIFICA TION

Ultrasonic Inspection Coursework 8

1. The pulse repetition frequency of a flaw detector:

A. increases as the range of examination increases because it takes longer for the ultrasound
signals to return
B. decreases as the range of examination increases because it takes longer for the ultrasound
signals to return
C. is set by the manufacturer and does not vary with range
D. has nothing to do with range.

2. Which of the following is likely to have the smallest attenuation factor:

an aluminium forging
a steel ingot
an aluminium casting
a steel casting

3. When plotting an indication on beam profile plotting chart from a full skip angled examination the
following assumption is made:

A. that the edges of the beam spread are parallel to the centre of the beam
B. that the back wall of the component is parallel to the inspection surface
C. that the stand off is twice the measured value
D. that the effect of beam spread is not considered.

4. H:gn frequenL.Y pruues are used fe.

A. penetration is less than for a low frequency probe and thickness checks are only carried out on
thin specimens
B. the probes are smaller and the point of inspection can be more accurately determined
C. perspex wear shoes can be fitted which limit the damage that would be caused if they were used
for general inspections
the wavelength is shorter at high frequencies. (\\, t
5. 6 dB drop sizing can be used for determining the length of a defect in a
component:

/. under all circumstances'

B. only when 20 dB drop sizing cannot be used
C. if the length of a defect is greater than the beam spread of the probe at the maximum range of
inspection
D. ;f the length of a defect is greater than the beam spmad (If th\.; probe at the range at which the
defect was detected.

6. A compression wave enters an aluminium component at right angles to the

component surface. If the source of the compression waves is water, the
percentage of ultrasound transmitted across the water/aluminium interface is:

A. 29%
B. 39%
C. 3.63%
D. none of the above.

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7. The 20dB beam spread of an ultrasonic probe is best determined:

A. using the A5 calibration block

B. from manufacturers' data
C. using the A2 calibration block
D. using the formula sin(a/2) = 1.08*V/Df where V is the velocity of ultrasound, 0 is the crystal
diameter and f is the frequency of the probe.

8. The dead zone of a probe is:

A. an area of the ultrasound beam, near the surface, where the ability of the probe to detect signals
is impaired
B. the barrier between crystal halves in a twin crystal probe
C. the extremities of the beam spread, beyond the 20 dB drop beam spread lines
D. is another name for the near field.

9. An ultrasonic flaw detector displaying pulses representing the magnitude of

reflected ultrasound as a function of time or depth of metal is said to contain:

A. a continuous wave display

B. an A-scan presentation
C. a B-scan presentation
D. a C-scan presentation

10. The resolution of an ultrasonic probe is:

A. dependent on the range calibration on a flaw detector

B. dependent on the orientation of the ultrasound beam to a defect
C. dAnenop.nt on thp. frAol Jp.nr.v of thf-, rrobe
D. af any importance in ultrasonics

11. In immersion testing of aluminium, using water as a couplant, the critical angle of incidence for
longitudinal waves is approximately:

A. 8 degrees
B. 14 degrees
C. 26 degrees
D. 32 degrees

12 Beam divergence is a function of the dimensions of the crystal and the

wavelength of the beam transmitted through a medium and:

A. increases if frequency or crystal diameter is decreased

B. decreases if frequency or crystal diameter is decreased
C. increases if frequency is increased and crystal diameter is decreased
D. decreases if frequency is increased and crystal.diameter is decreased

13. While testing a component, an operator notices a severe drop in the amplitude of the back wall
echo, on the flaw detector A-scan display. This is probably caused by:

A. a loss of couplant between the probe and the surface of the component
B. a change in the shape of the component
C. a discontinuity. the reflective face of which, is badly oriented to the beam
D. all of the above are possible explanations.

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14. Setting sensitivity level is:

A. the care that an operator takes in preparing for a component examination

B. the measurement of surface condition and its affect on the amplitude of a back wall echo
C. the determination of the size of the smallest indication that can be guaranteed will be found
D. the setting of a signal amplitude, from a reflector of known size, to a specified amplitude.

15. The higher the frequency of a transducer the:

A. greater the beam spread and depth of penetration

B. iess the beam spread and the greater the sensitivity and resolution
C. less the ultrasound beam attenuates, thus increasing penetration
D. less the sensitivity and the greater the penetration.

16. The choice of a couplant is largely dependent upon the:

A. Test specimen grain structure

B. Geometry or shape of the test specimen
C. Surface condition of the test specimen
D. Test specimen size.

17. A range of angles of ultrasonic beams are used in the examination of a

component:

A. to try to ensure that all orientations of defects are detected

B. only if that component contains a weld
C. only if the orientation of the defect within the component has to be determined
D. if access can only be gained from one side of the component.

18. Ultrasonic probes containing a single crystal can be used as:

A. transmitters only
B. receivers only
C. transmitters and receivers
D. all of the above

19. In resonance testing, indications may be obtained either at the fundamental

resonant frequency or at which are multiples of the
fundamental frequency.

A. Multiple reflections
B. Harmonics
C. Antinode
D. An electron counter

20. A testing technique in which the crystal is parallel to the test surface 8nd ultrasonic waves pnte r
the material being tested in a direction perpendicular to the test surface is:

A. Straight beam testing

B. Angle beam testing
C. Surface wave testing
D. None of the above

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21. During immersion testing of a weld a B-scan presentation system will show a:

A. "Plan" view of the weld, showing the area and position any defects as seen from the entry surface
B. Basic test pattern showing the height of indication and its location in depth from the entry surface
C. Cross-section of the weld, showing top and bottom surface of the block and the location of any
defects
D. None of the above.

22. Angle probes are identified by :

p... The refracted shear wave angle in Ule material under test.
B. The refracted compression wave angle in the material under test.
C. The reflected shear wave angle in the material under test.
D. The reflected compression wave angle in the material under test.

23. Another name for resonance testing is:

A. Pulse-echo testing
B. Through-transmission testing
C. Continuous wave testing
D. Surface wave testing

24. Most basic pulse-echo ultrasonic instruments use:

A. Automatic read-out equipment

B. An A-scan presentation
C. A B-scan presentation
D. A C-scan presentation

;5. Lliameter, single crystal transducers are genere.lly:

A. Limited to high frequency testing

B. Limited to low frequency testing
C. Applicable for both high and low frequency testing
D. Used for testing above 10 megacycles only

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TWI TRAINING & CERTIFICATION

Ultrasonic Inspection Coursework 8

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