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UNIT 1 - METALS
REQUIREMENTS
High cost of metal and high manufacturing cost can make cans expensive as compared to plastic and paper
but not glass
Not completely inert – tendency to interact with contents and environment (internal and external
corrosion). Takes part in chemical reactions leading to rusting and corrosion, leakage
Heavier than other packaging materials except glass, therefore higher transport cost
• This stabilizes the surface of tin coating by controlling the growth of natural oxide. The uncontrolled
oxide growth can cause yellow discoloration of the plate surface and effects lacquering and printing
process, i.e. it makes the surface more stable and resistant to atmosphere.
• An electrolytic treatment in a sodium dichromate electrolyte is widely used method. It results in the
formation of thin (<1µm) film consisting of chromium and chromium oxides and tin oxide.
Surface oiling:
• It is designed mainly to lubricate the plate to improve the slip characteristics and reduce surface
scratching and adhesion properties when a plate is subsequently fabricated into container. The amount
of oil used is 5-10 µg. The oils used are Dioctyl Sebacate (DOS), Acetyl- tributyl citrate (ATBC). The level
of oil application must be controlled because excessive oil coating causes decoating of lacquer and
disturbs in printing.
TIN PLATE - ADVANTAGES
Non-toxic in nature
Lubricity
Lacquerability
They tend to be used for higher value products, as the painted tin can looks very attractive
TYPES OF STEEL FOR PRODUCING TIN PLATE
Type MR
• This is the most widely used grade for moderately and mildly corrosive products such as peas, apricots, meat,
peaches and grapefruit. Residual elements are not limited except phosphorus which is kept at a low level. Typical
composition contains 0.2% Copper, 0.02% Phosphorus and 0.5% Sulphur.
Type L
• This is used for highly corrosive foods i.e. those that are highly acidic such as apple juice, berries and pickles. In this
type the amount of phosphorus, silicon, copper, nickel, chromium and molybdenum are limited to as low as
practicable, typically 0.06% Copper, 0.015% Phosphorus and 0.05% sulphur.
Type LT
• It is same as L type but has been tested for Corrosion resistant.
Type MC/N
• This has been rephosphorized for extra strength and stiffness. It is suitable for mildly corrosive and non corrosive
products such as peas, meat, fish, dried soups, milk etc. it is used for making high strength tinplate i.e. for can ends
for carbonated beverages where the internal pressure is high.
Type D/M
• For making D & I (Drawn and ironing) can
2. CLASSIFICATION BASED ON STRENGTH AND DUCTILITY - Grades
The code letter “E” refers to equal coat weight on both the sides whereas “D” refers to different coat weights.
As tin is very expensive, efforts have been made to reduce the quantity required as in the electroplating method. Double
cold reducing (DCR) involves giving the metal a second rolling process to reduce its thickness by 25-50%, while increasing
the stiffness.This is used to achieve the same strength through thinner and therefore cheaper metals. Another alternative is
the use of cans without tins.
ELECTROLYTICALLY CHROMIUM COATED STEEL (ECCS) –
called TFS (Tin free Steel)
It consists of :
• Chromium Coating – 0.07-0.15 gsm
• Oxide Layer – 0.03-0.06 gsm
Soldering is a process in which two or more metal items are joined together by melting and
then flowing a filler metal into the joint—the filler metal having a relatively low melting point.
SEAMING OF CANS
LACQUERING OF CANS
DESIGNS OF CANS