Professional Documents
Culture Documents
Medicine in India is not now and never has been the In 1977, Elvis died, Gerald Ford left the White
exclusive province of physicians, though physicians House, and Bill Gates still conducted business
have often attempted to arrogate that privilege to correspondence on a typewriter. Most Americans
themselves. Even today there are thousands of had never seen a personal computer, much less a
otherwise non-medical people all over India who laptop. Meanwhile, James Martin looked into the
have somehow learned a diagnostic or treatment future and saw the Internet, as well as computers in
method and regularly use it to alleviate suffering. everyone's pockets. In his book The Wired Society,
For example, one man who used to sell fruit on a he proclaimed that by the year 2000, computers and
Bombay street was also well known in our locality other devices linked by fiber optics, telephone lines,
for his ability to diagnose disease by just looking at and radio waves would allow millions of people to
a sample of the patient's urine. Another man in a exchange electronic mail, shop for merchandise,
different part of Bombay brews up a single product, trade stocks, work at home, take classes, pay taxes,
a decoction used in liver ailments and dispenses it plan vacations, and entertain themselves. He added
free to everyone who asks for it. that entrepreneurs who jumped in early would reap
vast fortunes.
1- The author of the passage places particular
emphasis on the fact that medicine............. 4- What the author of the passage places
emphasis on is that James Martin........
A) has been always neglected by the
physicians in India A) had not been able to foresee the advancement
that would happen in future
B) is not a special area of learning or activity B) was more intelligent than most of his
for doctors in India contemporaries
C) has gained enormous significance for C) trained people that would be the forerunners
people in India of computer technology in future
D) produces considerable benefit for those D) was able to prophesy accurately some of
suffering from severe illnesses today's technological developments more
E) is an area that physicists do not make use than a couple of decades ago
of E) did never find the opportunity to talk to Bill
Gates
2- Of the statements below the one not
mentioned in the passage is that......
5- From the statements in the passage, we can
A) people rely on non-medical treatments understand that..........
B) the number of non-medical people in India
is high A) today's entrepreneurs are greatly indebted to
James Martin for his encouragement
C) physicians have specialised in non-medical
B) internet technology owes so much to Bill
treatment methods
Gates
D) in India, there a number of people who C) today's sophisticated technology had already
have in some way learnt non-medical been foreseen by James Martin
treatment methods D) James Martin's book, The Wired Society,
E) non-medical treatment methods are used deals with the rapid developments of our day
only in rural areas E) the year 2000 became the time when most of
the predictions of James Martin came true
3- The example given in the passage suggests
that in India .........
6- One can infer from the passage that...........
A) Bombay is a very modern city A) those who acted promptly in the field of
B) fruits and vegetables are used for technology benefited substantially from it
medicinal purposes B) Bill Gates is not the wealthiest man
C) people are not affected by adverse effects C) those who had not taken financial risks in the
of medicine past lost their chance of rivalry
D) even ordinary people know non-medical D) today's advanced technology is entirely
treatment methods thanks to the wise enterprises of James
E) liver ailments can be recovered by simple Martin
treatments E) the White House was not wealthy enough to
make use of the advanced technology at the
time
COMPREHENSION PASSAGES TEST-1-
Every man lives in two realms, the internal and the A long time ago, it was believed that great white
external. The internal is that realm of spiritual ends sharks attacked boats and ate people by choice.
expressed in art, literature, morals and religion. The And, besides, white great sharks appeared to be
external is that complex of devices, techniques, infinite in number. Today we know these wonderful
mechanisms and instrumentalists by means of which creatures are not villains - but victims in danger of
we live. Our problem today is that we have allowed serious decline. Scientists estimate that populations
the internal to become lost in the external. We have of some shark species have dropped by 80 percent.
allowed the means by which we live to outdistance Though precise numbers are not available, in some
the ends for which we live. Enlarged material areas of the world white sharks are not reproducing
powers spell enlarged peril if there is not at a rate sufficient to maintain the population. For
proportionate growth of the soul. When the external all their grace, power and manifest menace, white
of man's nature subjugates the external, dark storm sharks are remarkably fragile.
clouds begin to form.
10 - The author of the passage places emphasis
7- From the statements in the passage one can on the fact that.........
understand that so as to overcome our
problem today......... A) white sharks are not in danger of extinction
as it is believed today
A) the gap between generations should be B) the number of white sharks is on the
bridged decrease
B) our purpose in life has to be solely spiritual C) the belief the people in the past held about
C) the means by which we live should be white sharks is now quite acceptable
sophisticated D) the increasing number of white sharks is a
D) we should increase our knowledge of the real source of danger
universe E) the attitude of white sharks toward humans
E) we must maintain the balance between our is misleading
material progress and spiritual progress
Most experts agree that a lion will attack a human Like most colonial literature, the poems of early
only if provoked. But the experts also suggest that New England imitate the form and technique of the
knowledge of the warning signs are mandatory for mother country, though the religious passion and
anyone who travels by foot in the bush. An angry frequent biblical references, as well as the new
lion will drop to a crouch, flatten its ears, and flick setting, give New England writing a special identity.
its tail tip rapidly from side to side. Low grunts and Isolated New World writers also lived before the
growls can often be heard; and just prior to a advent of rapid transportation and electronic
charge, the tail is jerked up and down. While these communications. As a result, colonial writers were
warning signs are important, it is perhaps of greater imitating writing that was already out of date in
importance that a lion can bolt from a crouch and England. Thus, Edward Taylor, the best American
travel 40 yards in less than 2.7 seconds. poet of his day, wrote metaphysical poetry after it
had become unfashionable in England. At times, as
in Taylor's poetry, rich works of striking originality
grew out of colonial isolation.
1- What most experts are unanimous in is that
4- We can understand from the passage that
the poems of early New England ..........
A) in any case a lion will attack a human
B) a lion is successful in deceiving humans by A) reflect the appalling hardships undergone
camouflaging itself well during the immigration to New England
C) lions don't make good pets B) are underestimated by the writers in the
D) a lion won't attack a human if not provoked mother country
E) growls of a lion can be heard from some C) do not differ greatly in form and technique
miles away from those in England
D) do appeal only to those interested in
literature
2- The author of the passage says that for E) indicate how the colonial writers imitated
anyone who travels by foot in the bush the writing in the mother land
A) only experts can know when a lion will 6- Though it was not usual, colonial writers
attack a human
B) before attacking, a lion moves his tail up
and down A) were able to produce impressive works
C) having knowledge of the warning signs of B) wrote about various kinds of themes
an angry lion is extremely important C) referred to the Bible for writing interesting
D) a lion's ability to bolt from a crouch and poetry
travel 40 yards in less than 2.7 is worth D) dealt with the necessity of transportation
considering as well and communication
E) low grunts and growls of an angry lion can E) held Edward Taylor up as an example
often be heard
COMPREHENSION PASSAGES TEST-2-
I have one child in the group who's an only child. I Every year the National Oceanographic and Atmospheric
wanted to find out more about her family life Administration spends $ 100 million on a vast
because this little girl was quite isolated from the technological empire with only one goal: to accurately
group, didn't make friends, so I talked to her forecast the weather as far in advance as possible. The
National Weather Service maintains four satellites with
mother. Well, they don't have time to do anything in
advanced imaging, 121 weather stations fitted with
the evening, the mother said. The parents come Doppler radar, a half - dozen specialized weather research
home after picking up the child at the baby-sitter's. centers such as the National Hurricane Center, and a
Then the mother fixes dinner while the child building full of the world's most advanced
watches TV. Then they have dinner and the child supercomputers, which pump data through mathematical
goes to bed. I said to this mother, "Well, couldn't models 24 hours a day. To some extent it has worked.
she help you fix dinner? That would be a nice time "Numerical weather modelling is the most unsung
for the two of you to talk, " and the mother said, scientific achievement of the 20th century," boasts
"Oh, but I'd hate to have her miss 'Zoom.' It's such a weather service director Jack Kelly. Last year, 24 - hour
good program!" forecasts of precipitation were correct 69 percent of the
time. But the weather service doesn't even track the
accuracy of three - day forecasts. And anyone who wants
to know the weather seven days in advance might as well
7- This passage plainly indicates guess.
A) children shows should be education- 11- It's obvious from the passage that the National
oriented Hurricane Center.........
B) such families have tendency to break up A) fails to provide data through mathematical
one day model s
C) the girl's mother fails to educate her B) has been successful in making completely
properly accurate weather predictions
D) this family is a praiseworthy example for C) enables specialists to guess rightly the
other families precipitation
E) child-rearing requires expert knowledge D) needs more money to be able to make accurate
forecasts
E ) is one of the six weather search centers that the
National Weather Service maintains
For most of this century, scientists believed the The Black Death was an epidemic of the bubonic
brain you were born with was the brain you got. But plague that devastated Europe in the mid-fourteenth
today researchers are showing that the brain can century. Early in the century, the bubonic plague
constantly revise its maps of neural circuits that swept through parts of China. It then spread along
serve as operating panels for the body and mind. the trade routes and was carried to Europe on rat-
For example, musicians, typists and others who infested ships. Fleas from infected rats transmitted
make heavy use of their hands can suffer a the plague bacteria to humans. In 1347, the bubonic
devastating type of repetitive-strain injury that plague appeared in Sicily and in the Italian port
causes their fingers to curl up or jerk spasmodically cities of Venice, Genoa, and Pisa. Sweeping
whenever they try to play or type. Put simply, the through Italy, the disease spread within months to
brain loses the track of how the fingers should Switzerland, Germany, and Eastern Europe. It hit
move. Patients have overcome this condition by France in 1348 and moved on into Spain and
spending hours feeling coins or keys or performing England.
other exercises.
4- We understand from the passage that the
1- In contrast to the previously held belief, Black Death ............................
For anyone who has followed women's sports in Generally, adults need to sleep one hour for every
Italy, Caroline Morace has been hard to miss. Most two hours awake, which means the most need about
people know her for her commentary on soccer eight hours of sleep a night. Of course, some people
matches for Telemontecarlo, a private Italian need more and some less. Children and teenagers
television network. To others she is better known as need an average of about ten hours. The brain keeps
one of the country's greatest female soccer players. an exact accounting of how much sleep it is owed.
But soccer fans, men, women alike, will be My colleagues and I coined the term sleep debt
following Morace a lot more closely this season as because accumulated lost sleep is like a monetary
she takes up a new position as coach of Viterbese, debt: it must be paid back. If you get an hour less
becoming the first woman in Europe to coach a than a full night's sleep, you carry an hour of sleep
men's professional team. debt into the next day - and your tendency to fall
asleep during the time becomes stronger.
7- It's obvious from the passage that Caroline
Morrace .......................... 10- It's implied in the passage that ...............
A) has exhibited a noteworthy play in A) one should not waste time sleeping
women's sports in Italy B) half of twenty-four hours is spent asleep
B) regards herself as one of the country's C) children are overcome by sleep if they
greatest female soccer players don't sleep sufficiently
C) is working for a private Italian television D) a person spends approximately one-third of
network his life asleep
D) is willing to be a commentator, judging E) if one works hard all day long, he loses his
from her commentary on soccer matches sleep
for Telemontecarlo
E) has missed women's sports in Italy
11- We learn from the passage that the brain
8-As far as one can understand from A) is dependent on a clock which alerts us at
the passage Caroline Morrace ......... two peak times every day
B) can be resembled to an amazingly precise
A) considers that she is above all women biological clock which regulates sleeping
soccer players throughout the world and waking
B) is not eager to train a men's professional C) is one of the most important organs in our
team body; therefore, it deserves more attention
C) is not only a successful soccer player but a than any other organ
commentator on soccer matches as well D) warns those who live on borrowed money
D) desires to follow women's sports in Italy E) sends signals until you get out of your
more closely this season than ever before debt, so pay it back before it is too late
E) looks down on other players since she is
the best
12- One can conclude from the passage that if
we don't meet our sleep needs sufficiently,
9- According to the information in the passage
we learn that Caroline Morrace ...............
A) the brain cannot carry out its functions
A) will play for a team called "Viterbese" properly
B) will be a commentator on soccer matches B) we will have a tendency to sleep whenever
this season and wherever possible
C) had better not sell herself cheap C) we will have great difficulty getting on
D) will prove that also a woman can train a well with our friends
football team D) our brain will lack its most crucial
E) is going to train a men's professional team properties
E) it is very probable that we will feel sleepy
during the day
COMPREHENSION PASSAGES TEST-4-
Africa, the second largest continent, offers extremes The ocean has always been and will always be an
of contrasts: mountains and savannahs, deserts and environment hostile to man. Stormy seas are
jungles. Three impressive river networks, the Nile, the hazardous to vessels and their cargoes. Surf can
Congo, and the Zambesi, add to the variety. The damage and destroy such structures as seawalls,
relatively small population contributes further to the piers, and breakwaters. Floodings can cause havoc
diversity. Divided into hundreds of tribes, African and large loss of life in the low-lying coastal plains.
cultures range from the primitive to the sophisticated. These inundations can be caused by certain violent
The improving quality and greater quantity of studies
storms such as hurricanes. Tsunamis, caused by
of the African past reveal that many groups developed
submarine volcanic explosions and by earthquakes
highly complex societies. The base of the social
structure was the family. Many of the societies were on the ocean floor, can generate giant waves that
rigidly hierarchical. The political units varied from wreak havoc on the coastal plain. There is obvious
village tribes to extensive empires. The economy was need to study these phenomena and to learn when
agricultural, but many artistic and mechanical skills and where they will occur and to be able to provide
were well developed: woodcarving, bronze-work, adequate warning so that the endangered coastal
basketry, weaving, and iron-working. population can be evacuated.
1- It's clear from the passage that while it has a 4- The author of the passage tells us generally
wide diversity of geographical features, ......... about .................
A) Africa has the most spectacular places in the A) how the endangered coastal population
world shrank
B) Africa has a small number of inhabitants B) the ways in which we exploit the nature
C) African countries contributes more to C) victims of environmental disasters
tourism sector than any other countries D) the ocean and the calamaties it causes
D) the African culture displays some diversities E) tsunamis and inundations
- ranging from the primitive to the
sophisticated
E) the economy in African countries is based on
farming
5- The author has told about the phenomena in
2- Thanks to the quality and high amount of the passage with the aim of...............
studies..............
A) scaring us that the ocean is dangerous
A) many tribes in Africa developed highly B) drawing our attention to study the ocean for
complex societies the good of endangered coastal species
B) Africans were able to change their life style C) saving the endangered species
C) different cultures, varying from the primitive D) indicating us how we destroyed the
to the sophisticated, flourished in Africa environment
D) today we know that, in the past many E) encouraging us to increase our knowledge
African groups were made up of different of ocean for making a larger profit from it
societies
E) sophisticated farming techniques were
introduced to the tribes living in Africa
Excessive worry is an exhausting problem for Emily Dickinson is, in a sense, a link between her
millions of Americans, but not all worry is bad. era and the literary sensitivities of the turn of the
Effective planning depends upon anticipating nineteenth century. A radical individualist, she was
trouble. You need to plan. But excessive worry, born and spent her life in Amherst, Massachusetts, a
toxic worry, is unnecessary and unproductive. Toxic small Calvinist village. She never married, and she
worry is a disease of the imagination. It diminishes led an unconventional life that was outwardly
your ability to enjoy your family, your friends, your uneventful but was full of inner intensity. She loved
physical being and your achievements, because you nature and found deep inspiration in the birds,
live in fear of what might go wrong. Such worry animals, plants, and changing seasons of the New
almost always derives from a misreading of reality. England countryside. Dickinson spent the latter part
of her life as a recluse, due to an extremely sensitive
psyche and possibly to make time for writing. Her
7- According to the passage excessive worry day also included homemaking for her attorney
father, a prominent figure in Amherst who became a
member of Congress.
A) makes a great number of Americans 10- From the author's statements it obvious that
uneasy
B) is considered beneficial for millions of
Americans A) the nineteenth century gained significance
C) helps you get ready for unexpected thanks to Dickinson
troubles B) Calvinism affected Dickinson considerably
D) aids you to be on good terms with your C) Dickinson's poetry has been influenced
family and friends profoundly by the natural environment
E) may cause so much anxiety that it may lead D) her poems do not reflect her true nature
to incurable consequences E) she enjoyed the support coming from her
eminent father
One can understand from the passage that
toxic worry.............
11- The author makes it clear that Dickinson
European researchers, drawing on 12 centuries of Most of Shakespeare's career unfolded during the
genealogical records of the British aristocracy, have monarchy of Elizabeth I, the Great Virgin Queen
shown a clear trade-off between early childbearing from whom the historical period of the Bard's life
and longevity. In an article published last December takes its name as the Elizabetha n Age. Elizabeth
in Nature, two gerontologists at the University of came to the throne under turbulent circumstances in
Manchester found that women who delay having 1558 and ruled until 1603. Under her reign, not
children until their 30s and 40s, and then have only only did England prosper as a rising commercial
one or two, are more likely to live into their 80s, power at the expense of Catholic Spain,
90s and beyond. Female longevity, they say, is Shakespeare's homeland undertook an enormous
linked to the number of children a woman has and expansion into the New World and laid the
her age at the birth of her first child. This study foundations of what would become the British
comes in the wake of another carried out in the Empire. This ascendance came in the wake of the
Boston area by a team of Harvard researchers led Renaissance and the Reformation, the former
regaining Greek and Roman classics and stimulating
by Thomas T. Perls. It showed that centenarians are
an outburst of creative endeavor throughout Europe,
four times more likely than the general population
the latter transforming England into a
to have had their first child in their 40s.
Protestant/Anglican state, and generating continuing
1- What European researchers have revealed is religious strife, especially during the civil wars of
that............... Elizabeth's Catholic sister, Queen Margaret or
A) long life for a woman is associated with her "Bloody Mary."
childbearing years
B) there is a balance between childbearing 4- It's apparent from the paragraph that the
season and longevity Elizabethan Age was the period ...........
C) for 1200 years British aristocracy have
A) that lasted for more than a decade
enjoyed the benefits of medicine B) in which Shakespeare lived
D) improved health care results in increased C) when Shakespeare's thoughts influenced
longevity the government of that time
E) having baby at the proper age is better for a D) which followed the monarchy of Elizabeth
woman E) in which British Empire's borders shifted
considerably
2- We can understand from the passage that if
a woman delays having children until her 30s
and 40s, .............. 5- The author mentions in the paragraph that
A) the number of children she may have won't Elizabeth I ...............
exceed two A) rebelled against the previous authority and
B) she will suffer acute illnesses in her old age succeeded in coming to the throne
C) there is a likelihood for her children to live B) aimed at competing with the Catholic
into their 80s, 90s, and beyond Spain
D) the possibility for her to be a centenarian is C) showed profound interest in Shakespeare's
extremely high plays
E) her first child may live for about a hundred D) encouraged creative thinking
years E) came to the throne under unfavorable
conditions
3- It is obvious from the passage that
A) so as to live long females should avoid 6- It's explicitly mentioned in the passage that
the Reformation ,.............
having children
B) centenarians are mostly those who have not A) was the period that brought prosperity to
delayed having children Europe
C) a couple of studies have been conducted B) was accomplished thanks to the arduous
concerning female longevity efforts of Elizabeth I
D) a woman's childbearing age usually begins at C) gave rise to conflicts in England
her 30s D) produced peace throughout Europe
E) early motherhood has it advantages and E) was followed by the Renaissance
disadvantages
COMPREHENSION PASSAGES TEST-5-
Ronald Ross discovered that the plasmodium Skin lighteners are big business in Africa. Women
parasite - 'Laveran's germ' - was transmitted by across the continent have long used creams and
anopheline mosquitoes to human beings to cause potions to make their skin a few shades lighter in
malaria. This discovery won him a Nobel Prize in the belief that it makes them more attractive. But
1902, but the route to this success was by no means the quest for beauty carries a heavy price. Many of
clear. He was an indifferent student, he liked to the most popular creams contain hydroquinone,
write novels and poems and only just managed to which can cause irreversible skin damage and even
gain a medical qualification. Fortuitously he was lead to skin cancer. Some skin lighteners ""also
mediocre enough to enter the least prestigious contain potentially lethal mercury, banned in
section of the Indian Medical Service, which put cosmetics since the 1970s. But the creams remain as
him directly in contact with the parasites that were popular as ever despite government prohibitions in
to become his passion. Despite honours being a dozen African countries. As long as there is a
showered on him, life after the Prize also was not demand there will be a market, and there is always
straightforward, and his innovative mathematical going to be demand as long as the mentality exists
and economic approaches to disease control were that light is beautiful.
overlooked.
10- Judging from the passage one can say that
7- How Ross made the discovery mentioned in African women...........
the passage..............
A) was not comprehensible at all A) used to spend more money to be beautiful
B) produced controversy among experts B) care about their beauty more than their
C) was the reason why he was nominated for health
the Nobel Prize C) are bound to use skin lighteners to be more
D) could be simply by chance because he was attractive
not interested in medicine D) ask authorities to allow the production of
E) shocked the nineteenth century scientists skin lighteners
E) don't want to accept that skin lighteners
8- The author of the passage tells us that cause potential harm to their skin
Ronald Ross ..............
11- It's quite obvious from the passage that
A) devoted most of his efforts for the sake of some governments in Africa..........
his discovery
B) felt enormous passion for parasites even A) seem reluctant to deal with dangerous
before entering the least prestigious section creams
of the Indian Medical Service B) support indirectly those selling harmful
C) was unenthusiastic about the study of skin lighteners
parasites in the very beginning C) encourage their individuals to apply skin
D) normally was not interested in medicine lighteners to their faces
which would win him a prize D) have not succeeded in stopping the usage
E) did not give up writing novels and poems of skin lighteners
while maintaining his study on parasites E) are troubled by illegal traders of skin
lighteners
9- According to the information given in the
passage one can understand that ............ 12- It's explicitly mentioned in the passage that
in Africa ..............
A) the prize did not bring Ross an everlasting
praise by people
A) people are wholly disobedient toward
B) he was not so good at mathematics as he
authorities
was at economics
B) not so many people are able to buy beauty
C) Ross resembled his friends in that he did
creams because of their high price
not like medicine
C) there are a lot of people earning their
D) the Indian Medical Service did not give
livings by skin lighteners
him what he deserved
D) there are more beautiful women than
E) mathematicians owe Ross a great deal of
anywhere else in the world
gratefulness
E ) the amount of lethal mercury is
unbelievable
COMPREHENSION PASSAGES EXAMPLES FROM YDS
7, - 9. sorulan paragrafa uygun olarak cevaplaymiz. 10.- 12. sorulari paragrafa uygun olarak cevaplaymiz.
There really is no such thing as "Art". There are The seventeenth century was a period of joyful
only artists. Once these were men who took activity, of experiment in politics, in religion and in
coloured earth and roughed out the forms of the natural sciences. With the help of the telescope
animals on the walls of caves. Today they are men the skies were examined; with the aid of the
who buy their plants and design advertisements or microscope doctors learned more about the human
paint pictures which they hope to sell. There is no body. Investors were busy on a variety of things
harm in calling all these activities art as long as we ranging from more reliable watches to more
keep in mind that such a word may mean very destructive guns and explosives. For the first time,
different things in different times and places. travelers went to more and more distant places; and
traders followed their example. In fact, everyone
was doing something new.
7- The writer points out that we cannot 10- According to the passage, it was in the
seventeenth century that people .........
A) give a simple single definition of the "Alt' A) began to take an interest in trade
B) imitate the works of primitive artists B) first set out on journeys to far-away
C) regard advertisements as works of art countries
D) see any relation between art and trade C) learned how to use watches to feel the time
E) separate art from the routine activities of D) suddenly became aware of the importance
life of trade
E) finally began to recognize the advantages
of scientific studies
One of the main points the writer makes the 11- The writer points out that, in the
in the passage is that............ seventeenth century, ............
A) the meaning of art changes according to A) the world enjoyed a great deal of
time and place economic prosperity
B) cave paintings are more meaningful than a B) there was little change in political
lot of modern pictures thinking
C) the designing of advertisements has C) religion was almost never the subject of
become a major activity today serious debate
D) the practice of art in our times has become D) no important progress was made in the
increasingly costly sciences
E) animals have in all ages been a popular E) many useful inventions were made in
subject for artists various fields
9- The writer wants us to accept the ideas that 12- The writer seems to suggest that some of the
primitive cave pictures............. inventions of the seventeenth century ........
A) always represent animals in single colour A) were obviously ineffective and even
B) are of a poor colour owing to the use of useless
coloured earth B) could be used for harmful purposes such
C) have little artistic value for us, but still feel as war
we oi:ght to preserve them C) were specially designed to help travelers
D) are no less works of art than modern and traders
paintings and advertisements designs D) would lead the discovery of the telescope
E) were made in a style very similar that of E) soon went completely out of use
modern painting
COMPREHENSION PASSAGES EXAMPLES FROM YDS
13. -15. sorulan paragrafa uygun olarak cevaplaymiz. 16. -18. sorulan pararafa uygun olarak cevaplayimz.
By the beginning of the eighteenth century, the Edith Wharton is perhaps the greatest woman
population of Tokyo had grown about 1 million, novelist that America has yet produced. Her novels
making it the largest city in Japan and one of the are skillfully constructed and her style is smooth
most populous in the world. An especially lively and elegant. Her richest gifts, however are the
section of the city was along the Sumida River, result of her fearless search for truth in human
where pleasure boats and parties were common and relationships. She is largely interested in the
whose banks were lined with fashionable tea- emotions we all experience. Her novels record
houses. Tea was central to the Japanese not only in timeless truths; and it is this fact above all that
their homes, but in public life as well. In the countinues to make them meaningful and
bustling urban centres of the 18 th-century Japan, tea- important.
houses served a role similar to one played by coffee-
houses in Europe which were centres of discussion
and entertainment. 16- It is pointed out in the passage that Edith
Wharton's main interest in her novels
19. - sorulan paragrafa uygun olarak cevaplayimz. 22.- 24. sorulan paragrafa uygun olarak cevaplayimz.
21.
The turning point of World War I came sometime Life on a submarine may, to many people, sound
in 1916. This was the year of the famous Battle of fascinating. However, it is, in fact, horribly boring.
The Somme. It was also the year when the Liberal Except for the commanding officers, a day aboard a
Government in Britain was defeated after a crisis in submarine consists of six hours on duty, six hours
industry and a sudden great rise in prices. Lord off, day after day, for months. This being the case,
Kitchener, the national hero and the one who led every effort is made to ensure that the lives of the
the war, was tragically drowned in this same year. men are as pleasant as possible. The meals are
Douglas Haig replaced Kitchener as the one to exceptionally good, and there is a daily film, shown
direct military policy, but he never became popular at a specific time, on television around the
with the people as Kitchener had been because he submarine. In return the crew is always expected to
seemed coldly indifferent to the fates of the soldiers perform perfectly all the time. A mistake is quite
he commanded. unforgivable. In fact, a favourite saying is "There is
room for everything on a submarine except for a
19- According to the passage, it is clear that the mistake.
year 1916..........
22- We learn from the passage that, contrary to
A) brought the Liberal Government a what a lot of people expect, ................
widespread popularity in the country
B) brought Britain and her allies the victory A) life on a submarine is extremely rewarding
of the war for the crew
C) will always be remembered as the year B) submarines have every imaginable facility
when the British people grew more for entertaining the crew
hopeful C) boredom is a major problem for the crew
D) was the year when Britain suffered many of a submarine
defeats in the war D) there is comparatively little work to be
E) was a historic one for Britain for various done on a submarine
reasons E) the officers on a submarine share the same
duties as the other members of the crew.
20- The writer suggests that, unlike Lord
Kitchener, Douglas Haig.......... 23- The writer of the passage emphasises that,
on a submarine,............
A) really had all the qualities required of a
military commander A) there is every opportunity for officers to
B) soon became a war hero for his country have a pleasant life
C) showed no sympathy for the soldiers under B) every member of the crew helps to prepare
his command the meals
D) was highly qualified and experienced in C) everyone works six hours a day
military matters D) life never gets boring for the crew
E) gave much importance to gaining E) everything is to be done faultlessly
popularity among the people
25.- 27. sorulan paragrafa uygun olarak cevaplaymiz. 28.- 30. sorulan paragrafa uygun olarak cevaplaymiz.
As Orson Welles said: "to practice his art, a poet Some 130 million years ago, a spike-backed
needs a pen, and a painter a brush. But a film - dinosaur walked heavily through the wilderness of
maker needs an army of actors, actresses and what came to be Australia, and left its footprints as
support-staff. Orson Welles learned the hard way a gift for the future. They were the world's best
that all this costs a fortune. Few film directors are impressions of a dinosaur's two-ton footfalls. When
rich enough to finance their own films and even they were found seven years ago in a remote valley
fewer have the desire to take such a risk. Therefore, in northern Australia, they provided scientists with
directors are dependent on film studios for the the first clear evidence that dinosaurs had lived in
financing of their films. This has caused a certain Australia. This discovery provided further evidence
tension between directors and film studios because for the theory that Australia was once joined to a
film studios use their money to control the films vast super-continent that included what is now
they finance. If a film, while it is being made, starts South America, Africa, India and Antarctica.
to become too expensive, the studio has to make of
28- It is clear from the passage that, millions of
the film and lose all the money already invested in years ago, Australia ...........
it, or go on investing heavily and hope the film will
really be a great success. A) was undoubtedly the only suitable place in
the world for the survival of dinosaurs
25- It is suggested in the passage that film B) was almost certainly not, as it is today, a
making ......... separate continent
A) involves a series of problems, one of C) was, for the first time, inhabited by a large
which is the casting of actors and actresses variety of dinosaurs
B) is extremely expensive when compared D) was for the most part a wilderness where
with other forms of art no living being could survive
C) is a business which depends more on E) with its geography and climate resembled
finance than on a talent South America and Africa
D) is an industry which is almost always 29- The passage makes it clear that the dinosaur
financially successful footprints discovered in Australia in recent
E) aims at making a good profit rather than years.............
giving entertainment
A) are the same as those also found in South
26- According to the passage, film studios and America, Africa, India and Antarctica
directors often disagree......... B) have little attracted many a scientist
A) over the choice and number of actors, interested in the distant past of the
actresses and support-staff for each film continent
B) over whether a film is likely to succeed C) could only have been made by dinosaurs
and make a profit weighing a lot more than two tons
C) since each is always dependent upon the D) are in surprisingly good condition
other for success although millions of years have passed
D) because a studio won't always allow a since they were made
director to do what he wants to do E) have made scientists revise the most recent
E) even though there is no financial problem theories concerning dinosaurs
facing them
30- One reason why the discovery in Australia
27- It is pointed out in the passage that, so long of the dinosaur footprints is so important is
as there is a chance for a film to be truly that, ..........
successful, ...........
A) directors and studios will have no excuse A) previously, no one knew for certain
for any disagreements whether this country had ever been
B) some directors may choose to finance their inhabited by dinosaurs
B) contrary to the popular view, this continent
films themselves
C) other studios will gladly pour in more had always been a vast wilderness
money in the hope of making very high C) until this discovery, nothing was known
profits about the early climate of this continent
D) actors and actresses will perform to the D) presumably, they will provide clues for
best of their ability future geological changes in this continent
E) the studio will often be prepared to put E) up to this point, no one knew for sure that
more money into the making of it dinosaurs could weigh two tons
COMPREHENSION PASSAGES EXAMPLES FROM YDS
31.- 33. sorulan paragrafa uygun olarak cevaplayimz. 34.-36. sorulan paragrafa uygun olarak cevaplaymiz.
For most people, being a member of a large family Mrs Gaskell was a nineteenth-century English
is sometimes hard. Usually there isn't enough novelist. She wrote social novels, the most famous
money, so everyone has to do without various of which were Mary Barton and North and South.
things. There are, however, certain advantages; in The first, which is set in Manchester, an industrial
fact, there are probably more advantages than city in the north of England, vividly describes the
disadvantages. The other day I saw a family setting terrible conditions of the working class, which she
off on a day out. The parents, who looked knew at first hand. It is a powerful novel that made
remarkably young themselves, were carrying a considerable impression upon readers in
various bags. The biggest child, who was perhaps nineteenth century England. The other novel, North
fifteen, carried a football. His sister, perhaps two and South, contrasts two regions of England,
years younger, carried what looked like the family through its heroine Margaret Hale, who leaves
lunch. The four smaller children also had things to southern England to live in the industrial north.
carry. The youngest of them carried a toy bear that Both these novels present a balanced view of social
was almost as big as herself. The family were problems in this period of English history.
catching a bus and looked so contented. I wished I
could have gone with them wherever they were 34- As it is pointed out in the passage, both in
going. Mary Barton and in North and South, Mrs
Gaskell..........
37.- 39. sorulan paragrafa uygun olarak cevaplaymiz. 40.- 42. sorulan paragrafa uygun olarak cevaplaymiz.
A) was primarily concerned in his writings 40- The passage puts forward the idea that, even
with the problems American society was though the printed book continues to be
facing in the 1930s popular,..........
B) wrote only one major novel, which is The
Grapes of Wrath A) it will soon be completely replaced by the
C) used California as the setting for all his electronic book
works B) the electronic book may well be on its way
D) wrote almost all of his major works during in
the 1930s C) it is no longer as popular as it used to be
E) was originally trained as a scientist, but D) fewer books are being sold than formerly
turned to literature E) compared with the electronic book, it is
very expensive
38- We understand from the passage that the
people Steinbeck describes in his novels 41- In this passage, the author suggests that, in
spite of technological advances, some people
43.- sorulan paragrafa uygun olarak cevaplayimz. 46.- 48. sorulan paragrafa uygun olarak cevaplayimz.
45.
New Guinea is home to some of the world's The origins of biography are to be found in early
strangest creatures. For instance, there is a special legendary accounts of the Greek, Germanic and
species of kangaroo that lives in trees. There are Celtic heroes. Another early type of biography is the
also lizards that are five metres long, and butterflies records of the teaching and deeds of wise men. The
that are as big as dinner plates. New Guinea is an accounts of the life and teaching of Socrates given
island hardly any larger than the state of Texas, but by Plato and Xenophon may be regarded as a
it has as many bird species as are to be found, for development of this kind of record. The interest of
example, In the whole of North America. This is the Socratic dialogues of Plato is philosophic rather
partly due to the fact that it has largely remained than biographical, but the Memorabilia of
isolated from the rest of the world. But it is also due Xenophon, though not a biography in the modern
to the fact that it has an incredible variety of sense of the word, comprises a series of sketches of
ecological features, ranging from tropical rain the great philosopher with intimacy and vividness.
forests to glaciers. The first European author, remembered primarily as
a biographer, is Plutarch, a Greek philosopher who
43- We learn from the passage that New lived under the Roman Empire. His Parallel Lives of
Guinea.......... ancient Greek and Roman statesmen and soldiers is
one of the most fascinating works of antiquity and
A) has actually fewer bird species than it influential in the European biographical tradition.
formerly had Moreover, he seems to have been the first author to
B) is in many respects very similar to Texas distinguish sharply between biography and history.
C) owes its characteristic physical features to 46- It is pointed out in the passage that the first true
glaciers example of biography in the modern sense is to
D) is an island with a remarkable range of be found in..........
climatic features
A) the stories of Greek and other heroes
E) is gradually increasing its contacts with
B) Xenophon's Memorabilia
North America
C) ancient legends
D) Plato's dialogues
44- According to the passage, kangaroos that
E) Plutarch's Parallel Lives
live in trees...............
47- According to the passage, Plato's account of
A) are Very commonly to be seen in rain Socrates, unlike the one given by Xenophon ,
forests everywhere
B) are only on the increase in New Guinea AJ is very critical of the great philosopher
C) are just one example of the odd creatures B) puts the emphasis on the philosophy of
to be found in New Guinea
Socrates
D) are a threat to the bird population of New C) is full of fascinating details about the life of
Guinea Socrates
E) are considerably smaller than the average D) was the model for Plutarch when he wrote his
kangaroo Parallel Lives
E) is commonly regarded as the first important
45- The writer points out that one of the reasons example of biographical writing
why there are very many different kinds of
birds in New Guinea is......... 48- We understand from the passage that, in his
Parallel Lives, Plutarch.........
A) that the climatic conditions of the island A) is primarily concerned with the portrayal of
are suitable for rain forests people themselves, but not the events of their
B) the fact that many migrate there for the times
winter from North America B) concentrates on life and society in ancient
C) that the island is a protected environment, Rome
and new species are constantly being taken C) gives priority to statesmen rather than to
there soldiers
D) that this island has mostly been cut off D) includes his own philosophy of life in his
from the rest of the world accounts of the fives of others
E) the fact that there is very little else of E) compares the Greek and Roman attitudes
interest regarding wildlife towards politics and military affairs
COMPREHENSION PASSAGES EXAMPLES FROM YDS
49,- 51. sorulan paragraf uygun olarak cevaplaymiz. 52.- 54. sorulan paragrafa uygun olarak cevaplaymiz.
When you pick aup something that is very hot you More and more people have started to worry about
usually drop it immediately. You do not have to the effect of television on the generations of
think about it and decide to drop it. You just drop it. children who have grown up with it. Recent studies
However, you do have to think about some actions. suggest that television has a negative effect on a
For example, you might decide to walk to school child's creative imagination. Indeed, some teachers
instead of" taking the bus. You think about it and have found that some children cannot understand
decide to do it. Actions like this, that you choose to even a simple story if there are no pictures to help,
make, are called 'voluntary actions'. But actions that But perhaps the most worrying result concerns
you make without having to think about them, such violence. So much violence on the television screen
as dropping a hot object, are called 'involuntary' or means that children start to regard violence in real
'reflex actions'. life as normal; so they accept it in others and in
themselves.
49- The passage concentrates on 52- According to the passage, the damaging
effects of television on children..........
A) what one should do in a dangerous
situation A) have generally been exaggerated by the
B) the fact that human beings seldom react public
instantly when they face danger B) could be lessened if parents took a more
C) two main groups of human action constructive attitude
D) different reactions to hot objects C) are confined solely to an increase in
E) decision-making violence
D) have seldom been seriously considered by
teachers
E) are already causing much concern among a
growing number of people
50- According to the passage, by 'involuntary 53- It is understood from the passage that
action1 is meant an action ......... television..........
A) which follows a long process of thinking A) is at last beginning to show some concern
B) that doesn't take place fairly quickly about its effects on children
C) which is the result of a choice made B) no longer shows as much violence as it
D) in which no thinking at all is used to do
involved C) has made children rely too much on visual
E) that is immediately followed by a series of aids to understanding
other actions D) helps children to understand stories in a
more creative manner
E) is being used most effectively by teachers
as a teaching aid
51- According to the passage, if one thinks 54- We understand from the passage that
about something and comes to a decision violence on television.........
about what to do,
A) should be restricted to adult viewers only
A) the action that results is called a 'voluntary B) gives children the impression that it is a
action' natural way of life
B) this is what is often called a 'reflex action' C) should be presented as undesirable
C) this means one's reflex actions are strong behaviour
D) one is not likely to change one's D) has caused a great deal of unnecessary
mind alarm in society
E) the likelihood is that a wrong action is E) is permissible so long as it becomes an
almost impossible emotional outlet for children
COMPREHENSION PASSAGES EXAMPLES FROM YDS
55- 57. sorulan paragrafa uy: >un olarak cevaplaymiz. 58- 60. sorulan paragrafa uygun olarak cevaplaymiz.
The job of check-in clerks at any airport is not a The French composer Hector Berlioz was the
particularly interesting or satisfying one. They outstanding representative of romanticism in music.
simply have to check the tickets of passengers, and The son of a country doctor, he was sent in 1822 to
take their luggage. The work is mechanical, attend the medical school in Paris. Though
repetitive and very tiring. The only variation in the musically quite uneducated, he had already
routine occurs when things go wrong -when flights conceived a passion for music. Therefore, he soon
are delayed or when they are cancelled due to such threw up his medical studies, whereupon his
things as bad weather, strikes or technica l allowance was stopped by his family, and after a
problems. Then the check-in clerks are in the short period of private lessons, he was admitted to
unfortunate position of having to face the angry the conservatoire in 1823. Berlioz was a typical
passengers though the fault is not theirs and they romantic; he was also a great admirer of both
can do nothing to put things right. Shakespeare and Beethoven and they were both
important in the development of his taste.
55- We understand from the passage that the 58- According to the passage, Berlioz's family
work a check-in clerk does..........
1- (I) The atmosphere of Earth acts like any (I) Thousands of years ago forests covered
window in serving two very important large parts of the Earth., stretching across
functions. (II) It lets light in and it permits all of eastern North America and most of
us to look out. (Ill) It also serves as a western Europe. (II) Vast areas of Africa
shield to keep out dangerous or and Asia were cloaked in lush forests, and
uncomfortable things. (IV) Earth's so were nearly all of the warm parts of
atmospheric window also helps to keep out South America. (Ill) Apart from
our planet at a comfortable temperature by deforestation, vast areas of wetlands are
holding back radiated heat and protecting destroyed today. (IV) But then, probably
us from dangerous levels of ultraviolet just over 10,000 years ago, a great change
light. (V) That's why it's more important began. (V) Humans learned how to grow
than other layers such as stratosphere and crops and raise animals, and they began to
ionosphere. cut down trees to make room for them.
2- (I) Cities are often assigned human 5- (I) India's principal food grain, rice is sweet
characteristics, one of which is a life- cycle: and cooling, sweet in post- digestive effect
they have a birth, a yo uth, a middle age, and light. (II) As a gruel it is the primary
and an old age. (II) Different from ancient diet in illness, especially fevers and intes-
cities, today's are more crowded and tinal inflammations, and in convalescence.
contaminated (III) A neighbourhood, for (Ill) Thus Melanie recovered from that
instance, is built and settled by young, illness after eating a dish of rice cooked
vibrant people, proud of their new homes. with some vegetables. (IV) Rice cooked
(IV) Together, residents and houses mature, with flesh, vegetables, fat, oil, fruit is
as families grow larger and extensions get strengthening and nourishing. (V) It is used
built on. (V) Eventually, though, the in the preparation of various medicines and
neighbourhood begins to show its age; is itself a medicine.
Buildings sag a little, houses aren't
repainted as quickly, and maintenance slips.
A) I B)II C)III D)IV E)V
A) I B) II C) III D) IV E) V
ODD- ONE-O U T TEST- 1-
6- (I) At the dawn of the 21st century, more 9- (I) We pollute the air in many ways - forest
than 1 billion people do not have access to clearance fires, cars, and factories all
safe drinking water. (II) On a planet that is contribute to air pollution. (II) Cars give off
71% water, less than 3% of it is fresh. (Ill) a collection of different pollutants, inclu-
Most of that is either in the form of ice and ding soot and poisonous gases such as
snow in Greenland and Antarctica or in nitrogen oxides. (HI) In Los Angeles, for
deep groundwater aquifers. (IV) And less example, toxic gases from factories mix
than 1 % of that water is considered with soot, nitrogen oxides, carbon
available for human needs. (V) Even then, monoxide, and lead from cars. (IV) Lead is
much of it is far from large populations. added to some types of gasoline, and this
toxic metal finds its way into the air as well.
A) I B) II C)III D)IV E)V (V) Coal-burning power stations also
produce huge amounts of pollutants,
including nitrogen oxides and a corrosive as
called sulphur dioxide.
A) I B) II C) III D) IV E) V
(I) Special education process gives bright 10- (I) Brown bears will eat practically
students a great opportunity to improve • anything. (II) Because of their large size
themselves. (II) The Canadian special and the need to hibernate during the winter
education process is very similar to that months in most of their range, they must
used in the US. (Ill) Provincial guidelines consume many calories. (Ill) Furthermore,
are set down by the national Ministry of they are found in a variety of habitats. (IV)
Education and governed by the Education Their diet consists largely of vegetation.
Act. (IV) But most decisions are m ade at (V) High-protein items such as vertebrates
the regional, district, or school level. (V) and ivertebrates also make good diet.
Evaluations are done by a team that may
include a school district psychologist, a A) I B) II C) III D) IV E)V
behaviour specialist, a special education
teacher, other school or district personnel,
and in some cases a parent.
1- (I) Hydrogen commonly occurs in 3- (I) Every February, across the country,
combination with oxygen, to form water,, candy, flowers, and gifts are exchanged
and with carbon and other elements in between loved ones, all in the name of St.
organisms. (II) Life, as we know, depends Valentine. (II) It has been celebrated also in
on the complex chemistry of organic our country for several decades. (Ill) But
matter, and yet the very early universe was who is this mysterious saint and why do we
made only of hydrogen, helium, and celebrate this holiday? (IV) The history of
deuterium. (Ill) None of the atoms Valentine's Day - and its patron saint - is
necessary for life - carbon, for instance - had shrouded in mystery. (V) But we do know
yet been formed. (IV) One of the triumphs that February has long been a month of
of 20th-century science is understanding that romance.
the elements needed for building planets
and for supporting life are forged in the A) I B)II C)III D)IV E)V
fiery furnace of stars. (V) The chemical
elements produced by these stars are
gravitationally bound to the galaxies in
which the stars "live."
4- (I) Mummies are made naturally or by
A) I B) II C) III D) IV E) V embalming, which is any process that
people use to help preserve a dead body.
(II) Mummies can be dried out by extreme
cold, by the sun, by smoke, or using
chemicals such as natron. (HI) Some
bodies become mummies because there
were favorable natural conditions when
they died. (IV) The Egyptians used to
embalm the bodies of their dead Kings and
Queens. (V) Others were preserved and
buried with great care.
2- (I) Unlike most other flying insects, a fly 5- (I) Robinson Crusoe was one of the first
has just one pair of wings. (II) In place of English novels, as well as being one of the
hind wings, it has two small club-shaped world's most popular adventure stories. (II)
organs called halteres that help it to balance Therefore, it is one of the most interesating
during flight. (Ill) Flies are the most skilled books I have ever read. (Ill) It was first
aviators of the insect world. (IV) And published by William Taylor on April 25,
certain species spread a disease called 1719. (IV) The original title was The Life
sleeping sickness, which may sometimes be and Strange Surprising Adventures of
fatal. (V) Most species can hover and land Robinson Crusoe. (V) It was an immediate
upside down, and many can fly sideaways success and went through four editions in
or even backward. four months.
6- (I) Active reading involves using strategies (I) In some ways, piranhas are actually
or approaches to texts to meet certain goals friends of fishing industry. (II) Piranhas
and is thinking intensive to facilit ate can't usually catch and kill healthy fish .
learning. (II) What else is implied by the (Ill) It is often the slower, weaker, or
term active reading? (Ill) Your daily chores diseased fish that they catch . (IV) Many
should not prevent you from doing some people consider piranhas pests and would
reading. (IV) Certainly active reading like to get rid of them. (V) In this way ,
involves thinking about what is read rather they keep the fish population strong and
than simply trying to memorise it. (V) stop fish epidemics from spreading .
Often this thinking is aimed at mentally
constructing a comprehension of the text by A) C)in D)IV E)V
finding information related to your goals.
A) I B) II C) III D) IV E) V
7- (I) Massage increases the circulation to (I) Birds of prey are daytime hunters. (II)
remove wastes from the tissue while They use their long, sharp talons to strike
improving their nutrition by keeping the and seize their prey, and a hooked beak to
lymph free-moving and pure. (II) Massage tear up food before swallowing it. (Ill)
alleviates old age and fatigue, improves the They have excellent vision, and can spot
vision and the sleep, and strengthens far-off prey and accurately judge long
resistance to stress and injury. (Ill) distances. (IV) Birds of prey include eagles,
Massage should not be done when the body buzzards, and vultures. (V) Because they do
is suffering from an acute disease, not have teeth, they use their beak to tear up
especially a fever (IV) For it would their food.
increase toxins. (V) The type of oil to be
used for massage depends upon the season; A) I B) II C) III D) IV E) V
a cool oil for summ er, a warmer oil for
winter.
A) I B) II C) D) IV E) V
ODD - ONE- O U T TEST- 3-
1- (I) American transcendentalism began with 3- (I) Despite smoking's irreversible effects, it
the formation of the Transcendental Club in would be foolish for a smoker to conclude
Boston. (II) Transcendentalism, can be that, after years of smoking, quitting would
defined as knowing the truth intuitively. do him no good. (II) Many studies prove
(Ill) Among the leaders of the movement that tobacco-related health effects decline
were the essayist Ralph Waldo Emerson, substantially as time away from smoking
the feminist and social reformer Margaret increases. (Ill) Some of the benefits begin
Fuller, the preacher Theodore Parker, the within months after quitting. (IV) But after
philosopher William Ellery Channing, and years of exposure to the damaging effects
the author and naturalist Henry David of tobacco, quitting smokers must realise
Thoreau. (IV) The Transcendental Club that they have to be realistic in their
published a magazine, The Dial. (V) And expectations of recouping their health. (V)
some of the club's members participated in They should bear in mind that their wishes
an experiment in communal living at Brook of regaining their health will never come
Farm, in West Roxbury, Massachusetts, true.
during the 1840s.
A) I B)II C)III D)IV E)V
. A) I B) II C) III D) IV E) V
6- (I) The characteristics of living things are (I) A shark expert claims that great white
intimately interrelated, and depends on the sharks have an ability to assess the energy
others. (H) Survival of the Arctic hare value of prey. (II) While carrying its victim
depends on a number of adaptations, in its mouth, the shark determines - based
involving both physical and behavioural on texture or taste - whether it is rich
characteristics. (Ill) Its thick white fur, enough in fat to justify a full- scale attack.
consisting of two distinct layers, (Ill) If so, the great white begins feeding; if
camouflages it from winter predators and not, the prey is often released. (IV) And
also produces extraordinary insulation divers, surfers and snor klers are at
against the Arctic cold. (IV) The animal tremendous risk of being victims of sharks.
usually rests in a very compact position, (V) When sharks ingest something that's not
further reducing its loss of body heat. (V) energetically profitable, they're stuck with
Although the young are born with brown that for a few days.
fur, which provides camouflage durin g the
brief Arctic summer, the adults usually A) I B) II C) III D) IV E) V
retain their white fur throughout the year.
1- (I) Sub-Saharan Africa's per capita income 3- (I) The assimilation of Native Americans
is lower today than in 1980. (II) Indeed, in was achieved with wise efforts of the
parts of that continent, children are more Europeans. (II) They opened a lot of
likely to die before their fifth birthday than boarding schools, in which they could easily
to learn to read, and teen age girls are more disseminate their ideas and bring their so-
likely to become HIV positive than to called civilisation. (Ill) Civilisation should
graduate from high school. (Ill) The only not be regarded as being rich and leading a
ones who can offer those children a better luxurious life. (IV) One of the means of
future are the governments and citizens of civilisation used at those schools for Native
the poor countries themselves. (IV) But Americans was sport. (V) Having been
when many of the poorest countr ies are beaten and rejected in so many areas of life,
labouring under the weight of the debts they the Native American children enjoyed the
owe to the international community, we owe sports competitions that gave them the
them a fresh start in the way we try to help. chance to win something.
(V) Furthermore, the number of those HIV
positive has incredibly increased in the last A) I B)H C)HI D)IV E)V
two decades.
A) I B) II C) ffl D) IV E) V
ODD- ONE- OUT TEST- 4-
(I) "Tennis," a sport which first developed (I) The earth's climate is predicted to
in France, was originally "tenez" which is change because human activities are
the French verb "tenir" conjugated],at the altering the chemical composition of the
second person of the plural as a polite atmosphere through the buildup of
imperative verb. (II) Thereafter, this sport greenhouse gases. (II) These gases are
gained world-wide popularity. (Ill) They primarily carbon dioxide, methane, and
were saying "tenez" when they hit the ball nitrous oxide. (Ill) The heat- trapping
so as to say :"there, try to get this one". property of these gases is undisputed. (IV)
(IV) But tennis lost popularity in France Still, no agreement has been reached on
and gained popularity in England at the how to solve the problem of greenhouse
same time. (V) So, English people were effect. (V) Although uncertainty exists
still using the word "tenez" each time they about exactly how earth's climate responds
hit the ball, but saying it with the English to these gases, global temperatures are
accent which sounded more like tennis, and rising.
which eventually took this new spelling.
A) I B) II C) III D) IV E) V
A) I B)II C)III D)IV E)V
(I) The U.S., in this one-superpower age, has 4- (I) Edgar Allan Poe (1809-49) was born in
perhaps never been so dominant -economically, Boston, the child of an actor who died while he
militarily, culturally, (II) That strength attracts was very young. (II) He was adopted by a
immigrants, who bring with them new forms of Virginian gentleman, Mr. John Allan, who put
music. (HI) And that strength also inspires him to school in England for five years, then in
competition, as musicians and performers in Richmond, and finally sen t him to the
other countries assert their national identities University of Virginia. (Ill) Today, it is one of
and culture and create new musical genres they the most famous universities in America. (IV)
can call their own. (IV) Garage in Britain, He remained there only a short time, and after
kwaito in South Africa, ever evolving forms of finding that he disliked business, and
reggae in Jamaica can be good examples for publishing a volume of poems, he enlisted in
this. (V) In fact, music is often a rhythm of the army. (V) Mr. Allan had him discharged
resistance: against parents, against police, and placed him in West Point, from which he
against power. got himself dismissed.
(I) The hovering ability and general 5- (I) Daniel Defoe was born in London, the son
maneuverability of hummingbirds provided the of a butcher and candlestick merchant. (II)
best design ideas for Igor Sikorsky, inventor of Much of his work was political and satirical.
the helikopter. (II) Contrary to popular belief, (HI) Initially he bec ame a businessman but
hummingbirds land and sit for long periods of eventually went bankrupt twice so he turned to
time. (Ill) Their favorite perch ing spots are writing. (IV) Some scholars have attributed at
usually the tops of large trees, from which they least 570 works to him, though more recently
can survey their territory. (IV) Consequently, other scholars have re-examined this and
we usually see them only when they hover to removed many of the works from the list,
gather nectar or when one zips by to chase saying these attributions were based solely on
another bird out of its territory. (V) This has very weak internal evidence. (V) Still, Defoe
also led to the misconseption that hummigbirds was a very prolific writer.
lack feet.
A) I B)II QIII D)IV E)V
A) I B)II C)III D)IV E)V
ODD-ONE-OUT TEST-5 -
6- (I) To give an exact account of those suffering 9- (I) Giraffes have such big bodies that their
from domestic violence is truly difficult. (II) heads may look small (II) But a giraffe's head
When spouses, intimate partners, or dates use can really be huge as much as 61cm. (Ill)
physical violence, threats, emotional abuse, Every time a giraffe raises its head, it has to lift
harassment, or stalking to control the behavior 250kg. (IV) However, this ability allows them
of their partners, they are committing domestic to get victory over the lion. (V) That's the
violence. (Ill) Most victims of domestic combined weight of the head and the neck on
violence are women. (IV) Children who an average male giraffe.
witness domestic violence are also victims;
they suffer from behavioral and cognitive A) I B)II C)III D)IV E)V
problems. (V) Boys, especially, are more likely
to be aggressive and engage in criminal
behavior if they grow up in homes where
domestic violence exists.
A) I B) C) III D) IV E) V
(I) I'm sure we would have enjoyed the 5- (I) The article deals with growing
play much more if we had had better problem of population, especially water
seats. (II) As it was they were far from pollution. (II) Present-day traffic has
good. (Ill) But the actors and actresses destroyed much of the peace of the city
really were wonderful. (IV) They were in centre. (Ill) On weekdays there are
the back row and right at the side. (V) lorries everywhere delivering goods. (IV)
This meant we could only see half of the At weekends there is an endless stream of
stage. private cars and buses. (V) I am always so
thankful I live in the quiet outskirts, not
A) I B) II C) III D) IV E) V in the city centre.
3- (I) When Columbus decided to sail west 7- (I) Someone had suggested that the
in order to get to the east, he faced many school should open a little shop for the
problems. (II) For a long time the rich sale of soft drinks, biscuits, pencils and
refused to give him money for the rubbers. (II) The idea was discussed for
project. (Ill) Having got the money he half an hour or so. (Ill) It was finally
couldn't find a crew to sail the ship. (IV) rejected by quite a large majority. (IV)
This made people think that the world The older children will be able to help
was flat. (V) In the end he found some and get a lot of experience. (V) The main
prisoners willing to make the voyage objection was that it would be very
with him, and set off with them. difficult to organize.
4- (I) Homer's treatment of the Greek and (I) The present age is faced with many
Trojan heroes is unbiased. (II) He takes problems. (II) Some people are
great care to show that on both sides particularly good at solving problems.
there are good and bad people. (Ill) (HI) One of the most serious is that of
Although the Trojans are the enemy in food, or rather the shortage of it. (IV)
Homer's epic, they are not villains. (IV) While the population of the world
The gods were quick to punish such bad increases, so does the demand for food.
behaviour. (V) They are as human and (V) In the future there may be a hungry
the heroic as the Greeks. world.
I- (I) Operations that were not even 15- (I) Dr. Johnson will always be
dreamed'of fifty years ago are now being remembered for producing the first
carried out successfully. (II) Due to the serious dictionary of the English
spread of diseases, hospitals are getting language. (II) In 1747 he published the
more and more crowded. (Ill) For Plan of his Dictionary. (Ill) The age in
instance, the heart can be safely opened which he lived is reflected in his writings.
and its valves repaired. (IV) Blocked (IV) According to this plan, he hoped to
blood vessels can be cleaned out. (V) The complete the work in three years. (V)
whole stomach, even, can be removed Actually, however, it took him seven
without causing serious problems. years to compile his dictionary.
A) I B) II C) III D) IV E) V A) I B)II QIII D)IV E)V
12- (I) Homer designed his tale in the form 16- (I) Myths were originally created as
of a tree. (II) The principal plot forms entertaining stories with a serious purpose.
the trunk of the tree, and many stories (II) The best known of the mythologies in
branch off from the trunk. (Ill) Some the world is the Greek mythology. (Ill)
of these stories are only the portrayal of They have two main aims. (IV) One is to
principal characters. (IV) Homer is explain the nature of the universe. (V) The
supposed to have written both The other is to instruct members of the
Odyssey and The Iliad. (V) The others community in the attitudes and behaviour
describe various incidents related to the necessary to function successfully.
main theme.
A) I B)II C)III D)IV E)V
A) I B) II C) III D) IV E) V
ODD-ONE-OUT EXAMPLES FROM YDS
17- (I) After the conquest of Istanbul in 1453 21- (I) What is coal? (II) How did it get into
many splendid mosques were built in that the ground? (Ill) Coal mining has always
city. (II) The inner walls of these mosques been tough and dangerous. (IV) Coal is the
were mostly decorated with tiles made in remains of plants that died millions of
Iznik. (Ill) Decorative tile work was years ago. (V) Prehistoric dead plants were
invented in the Near East as a protection converted into coal by chemical changes
for walls of sun-dried brick. (IV) These over long periods of time.
were painted in rich colours on a white
ground. (V) The patterns were floral and A) I B) II C) III D) IV E) V
arabesque, similar to those used on the
pottery also made there.
1- ........ ; perhaps their minds roam further to 4- ................Therefore, the first stage in
make up for the relative inactivity of their rebuilding a dinosaur consists of
bodies. Modern research shows that reconstructing its framework of bones. After
children dream more than adults do, and specialists have restored and identified the
foetuses seem to dream all the time. bones, they compare their findings with
known data and fit them together, picking
A) Kids need more sleeping than adults do up useful clues along the way.
B) Having sleep debt causes you to sleep
during the day A) One of the most difficult things for a
C) Some experts claim that eight hours of palaeontologist is reconstructing the
sleeping will be sufficient for children framework of a dinosaur's bones
D) Cows sleeping in barns dream twice as B) Palaeontologists spend most of their lives
much as those sleeping in meadows looking for fossil remains of dinosaurs and
E) Why people dream has been a matter of examining them
concern to researchers for centuries C) There are many stages of reconstructing a
dinosaur
D) Dinosaurs left behind a profusion of
amazing fossil remains
E) However hard it may seem, identifying a
2- Crocodiles are carnivores that are adapted dinosaur's bones can be possible
for life in water and on land............, with
their eyes and nostrils showing but with the
rest of their body submerged. After seizing
their prey, they tear pieces off it by biting
hard and suddenly spinning around.
6- The Greeks called Mediterranean A) The Antarctic ice covers most of the land,
"Thalassa" and believed that it was lying over solid rock
encompassed by land, which in turn was B) The authorities banished all vehicles from
surrounded by endlessly circling river the Arctic regions
Oceanus. In 325 B.C. Alexander the Great C) Certain species live very comfortably in
reached the deserts of the Mekran Coast. those circumstances
.............He and his troops had expected to D) And true sea ice forms when the sea
find a dark, fearsome sea of whirlpools and freezes over
water spouts inhabited monsters and E) This means that it takes a long time for
demons; they found tides that were them to recover from any damage
unknown to them.
1- The blunt-nosed viper is a dangerous and D) Their excellent senses of hearing and smell
highly poisonous snake. It is a fat snake, make dogs good hunters
varying in colour with a yellow and horn E) Carnivores, or flesh-eating mammals, are
like tail-end. It attacks only in defence. If it divided into two groups
is disturbed, it hisses loudly and may attack
very rapidly ........... because when it bites,
its teeth remain embedded in the tissue and 4- Some parts of the world, particularly China
the movements of the jaw pump large and northern India, suffered deforestation
amounts of poison into the wound. long ago, and little of the original forest
cover remains there.............. but it is now
A) Of all other vipers, it's the least dangerous happening at extraordinary speed. The
B) It doesn't have poison in great amounts Amazonian basin contains the largest area of
C) It is particularly dangerous rain forest on Earth, but it is being cut
D) Bites of a viper can easily be healed down so rapidly that it too is in danger of
E) Its venom is not normally dangerous to disappearing altogether.
man
A) Most of Spain was once covered by forest
2- When, as tiny babies, we first enter this B) Some precautions have been taken
world, we have no experience, we know no C) In old days agricultural development was
words; our minds are not filled with very slow
thoughts and ideas. We simply exist, aware D) In other places, such as the Amazon,
only of our immediate surroundings and deforestation began much more recently
secure in the love of our parents............ ; we E) Therefore Chinese and Indian timber
learn to communicate through speech as industry developed rapidly
well as with the other senses. Our minds and
spirits are opened up to thoughts and ideas,
experience, and reflection.
6- The lecture is probably the oldest teaching Of all meats, that of the rooster is most
method and still the method most widely strengthening to the body..........; its daily
used in universities throughout the world.
use should be limited to those who exercise
Through the ages a great deal of practical
constantly to prevent them from becoming
wisdom about techniques of lecturing has
weak or falling ill.
accumulated. Effective lecturers combine
the talents of scholar, writer, producer,
A) One should eat more vegetables and fruits
comedian, entertainer, and teacher in ways than meat
that contribute to student learning ...........
B) Meat is better consumed as a broth or soup
rather than as a steak or chop
A) However, they are egalitarian in their
C) Kids should be advised not to consume the
classes meat of junk foods
B) Nevertheless, it is also true that few
D) Meat juice is regarded as nectar itself
college professors combine these talents in
E) However, except for venison and chicken,
optimal ways. one should never become habituated to
C) Today's universities hold many meat
conferences about effective teaching
methods
D) Considering the great technological
advances, one can say it can be easy to
make learning more enjoyable
E) Tests should not be thought simply as a
means of assigning grades 9- .......... One of them is that they are highly
organised. In living things, atoms are
combined into a vast number of very large
molecules called macromolecules. Each type
of macromolecule has a distinctive structure
and a specific function in the life of the
organism of which it is a part.
A) Take a close look at the water before 10- In return for the power and independence
accorded the judiciary, citizens rightly
you jump in a pool as a first
expect a high standard of personal and
precaution
official account from their judges.............,
B) Pay attention to the beach, whose sand
they lessen respect for the law and cause
doesn't look clean ordinary people to suffer.
C) Don't forget that while you are
swimming in a pool, your closest A) If you apply to the court
friends are bacteria and parasites B) Businessmen make use of that leniency
D) Diseases caused by pool water should C) When they abuse their authority
not be ignored D) Thus they should act according to the law
E) Keep your mouth shut while you are
E) Defending the innocent's rights is their
swimming
essential duty
PARAGRAPH COMPLETION TEST-3-
1- Energy from the sun drives the earth's 3- The writings of the ancient Egyptians,
weather and climate, and heats the earth's Babylonians, Romans, Greeks and Chinese
surface; in turn, the earth radiates energy have all mentioned garlic as a wonderful
back into space. Atmosp heric greenhouse remedy for a wide variety of disorders.........
gases (water vapor, carbon dioxide, and as 'The Disgusting', 'The Supreme
other gases) trap some of the/outgoing Medicine', 'Lacking-One-Taste', this last
energy, retaining heat somewhat like the because garlic possesses five of the six tastes,
glass panels of a greenhouse. Without this lacking only the sour.
natural "greenhouse effect," temperatures
would be much lower than they are now, A) Surely, its value cannot be ignored
and life as known today would not be B) For example, stomach-ache can be
possible. Instead, thanks to greenhouse avoided by eating garlic
gases, the earth's average temperature is a C) As it is abundant in vitamin C, patients
more hospitable 60°F ............ suffering from cold had better eat it.
D) As much as we can understand from
A) But global warming has no relation with these sources
the increasing air pollution E) In the Sanskrit texts it is known variously
B) However, problems may arise when the
atmospheric concentration of greenhouse
gases increases 4- ............ On March 24,1989, the oil tanker
C) Predictions of some scientists prove how Exxon Valdez spilled 11 million gallons of
these climatic changes lead to fatal crude oil into the waters of Prince William
catastrophes Sound, on the south coast of Alaska.
D) If these temperatures continue at this
Millions of animals were killed in this
height constant certain species of plants
catastrophe.
and animals may perish
E) And some poisonous gases that are A) Besides the pollution it causes, oil is one
released from vehicles threaten the
of the most important energy resources
environment
B) However hard it may seem, oil can be
brought up from the seabed
C) Animals are in danger of extinction due to
a number of causes
D) Wherever oil is transported, there is a
danger of spillage and pollution
2- In Europe and North America, many E) Oceans of the world are crowded with
millions of tourists visiting the mountains ships of many nations seeking for oil
each year cause damage by trampling
vegetation and leaving waste. Even on
5- ........... Man seems to have just discovered
Mount Everest garbage has been left behind
by parties of climbers............. , because the significance of this law. We now realise
many parts of them are relatively that we do not and cannot isolate ourselves
inaccessible. Some regions are, however, at from the ecosystem - we are a part of it. It
risk from the millions of tourists who visit has become obvious that we cannot
each year, although the establishment of continuously take parts of the ecosystems
national parks, such as Yellowstone a nd and discard it molecule into the oceans,
lakes, streams, air, and onto the land.
Yosemite, has done much to conserve those
areas.
A) One of the important laws of nature is
A) Especially illegal hunters are responsible recycling
B) People go on contaminating the
for this
environment not taking into account the
B) Also on the Himalayas, you can see the
catastrophic consequences
same scene
C) A number of laws have been passed so that
C) The Rockies are not as threatened as many
the nature can be protected
other habitats
D) Even mountaineers can't climb there D) Hardly any success has been achieved for
E) Governments have difficulty handling the the sake of protecting the environment
situation perfectly E) Human beings have long been unaware of
the fact that the ecosystem is in danger
PARAGRAPH COMPLETION TEST-3-
1- Fishing for human food and for other 3- ............ In 1997 the Literature award was
purposes is a traditional use of the ocean. won by Dario Fo, t he Italian satirical actor
The improved techniques and increased who was hardly a writer at all. In 1992 the
activity have led to growing catches that Peace prize went to a previously unheard of
provide a significant fraction of the world's Central American leftist named Rigoberta
supply of protein. The question remains as Menchu, who turned out to have invented
to whether or not the ocean can ever be some of her autobiographical account of her
farmed in the way that the land is used for family's suffering.
agriculture ................Some have been A) Kofi Annan won the Nobel Peace Prize
successful but they are limited to high- last week
priced commodities. B) Some people try hard in order to win
prizes while others win practically without
moving their fingers
A) Experts are trying to find ways to get a lot C) Throughout their history, the Nobel Prizes
better harvest have gone to some odd and controversial
B) Attempts have been made to raise certain figures
types of fish in shallow coastal areas D) There are several prizes, two of which are
C) Transportation problems should be solved Pulitzer and Nobel
before setting up artificial ponds for fish- E) The Nobel Peace Prize should be given to
raising people who really deserve it
D) Other kinds of food are more nutritious
E) Farmers have difficulty finding the 4- ............... If you get close enough, you can
necessary fertilisers see that African elephants have two
prehensile projections at the end of the
trunk, while Asian elephants have one.
These projections act like fingers and can
pick up small objects like a twig, a leaf, or a
flower.
6- Since the beginning of the industrial 8- Experts cite dynamite fishing as a ma jor
revolution, atmospheric concentrations of threat to tropical reef life. Controlled
carbon dioxide have increased nearly 30%, underwater explosions knock fish
methane concentrations have more than unconscious............. The blast kills not
doubled, and nitrous oxide concentrations only the fish but also the other species,
have risen by about 15% ............ Sulfate including corals, which can take decades,
aerosols, a common air pollutant, cool the even centuries, to mature.
atmosphere by reflecting light back into
space; however, sulfates are short-lived in A) For this reason dynamite fishing should be
the atmosphere and vary regionally. banned immediately
B) Coral reefs have been thoughtlessly
destroyed in the past two decades
A) The decline in the air pollution may be C) But the dynamite doesn't know a parrot-
attributed to this fish from a prawn
B) Thanks to the industrial revolution rapid D) Far Eastern people make their living
technological progress was observed particularly by fishing
C) Though there are many people pressing for E) They have also noted a decline in the
laws that will protect the environment, number of reef sharks
there is no reduction in the environmental
pollution 9- Groups of giraffes are called herds..............
D) If the government did not handle this For one thing, members of a giraffe herd
problem, there would be hardly any way of don't have to stay with that herd if they
getting rid of dirty air don't want to. They are free to wander off at
E) These increases have enhanced the heat- any time and join another herd. For another
trapping capability of the earth's thing, the structure of a giraffe is so loose
atmosphere that it's often hard to tell who the leader is.
1- ............... His two daughters followed A) Spiritual well-being is far from those
different paths in their father's eyes. His having no belief in a creator
older daughter, Susanna, married a B) Agnostics are people who doubt God's
prominent local doctor, John Hall, in 1607. existence
Susanna gave Shakespeare his only C) The number of agnostics given here is not
grandchild, Elizabeth Hall in 1608. accurate
Elizabeth had no children of her own. D) Satanists are described as rebels against
Shakespeare's other daughter, Judith God
married Thomas Quiney, a tavern owner E) Gnostics and agnostics differ a lot
and reputed rake given to pre-marital and
extramarital affairs and the fathering of 4- Speculation and rumors about the cause of
illegitimate children. They had three the blaze of the building of the National
legitimate sons, all of whom died young. Archives and Records Administration ran
A) William Shakespeare's family lineage rampant.......... Employees were keenly
came to an end two generations after his questioned about their smoking habits.
death Others believed the fire started among
B) Shakespeare wanted his daughters to read shavings in the carpenter shop or was the
poetry result of spontaneous combustion.
C) There are indications that a close
friendship developed between John Hall A) While a crowd of ten thousand watched,
and shakespeare they poured twenty streams of water into
D) In examining Shakespeare's life, three the building
broad points should be kept in mind from B) Some newspapers claimed, and many
the start suspected, it was caused by a cigarette or a
E) Shakespeare had two daughters whose lighted match
marriages did not last long C) The fire did not go above the basement,
seemingly thanks to a fireproofed floor
2- Some experts searched various legal and D) Although the basement vault was
illegal drugs.......... — Cannabis was the considered fireproof and watertight, water
only drug put in the least dangerous seeped through a broken wired-glass panel
category. In the most dangerous category, in the door and under the floor
they included alcohol, heroin and other E) Nobody was hopeful that some of the
opiates, and cocaine. In the middle category archives would be saved
they placed stimulants such as 5- ........... , evolving from its earliest definitions
amphetamines and hallucinogens. as synonymous with hygiene and sanitation,
A) What they did has no scientific value to the widely accepted definition by the
B) They found that some drugs have a degree World Health Organisation (WHO) in the
of dangerousness 1940s: "Health is the state of complete
C) Out of this study, it became clear that all physical, mental and social well-being, not
intoxicants should be banned merely the absence of disease or infirmity."
D) They then grouped the substances into Rene Dubos later clarified the WHO
three categories of dangerousness definition of health by stating, "Health is a
E) In fact intended to reveal how hazardous quality of life, involving social, emotional,
alcohol was mental, spiritual and biological fitness on
the part of the individual, which results
3- ................ Though they don't believe that from adaptations to environment."
God exists, they're not sure that God doesn't
exist, either. It's estimated that 1 billion A) Healthy individuals live in an excellent
people worldwide are agnostic. The original harmony with other people
meaning of agnostic isn't the same as the B) Changes of living standards of humans
popular meaning outlined above. An have always been observed
agnostic in the orig inal sense of the word is a C) World Health Organisation has given
person who thinks that we can't ever know several definitions to the term health
about anything other than the material DJ Man has found it extremely hard to adapt
world, and therefore the question as to himself to environment E)
whether God exists or not is one that can Definitions of the term health have
never be answered. changed dramatically over the years
PARAGRAPH COMPLETION TEST-5-
6- .......... They start life as caterpillars, feeding 9- For Maria, the only way out of poverty, was
on leaves or other parts of plants. The adults to get enough money to buy a cow so that
have long, tubular mouthparts and feed on she could sell its milk ............ because she
sugary liquids, such as the nectar from had nothing to offer as collateral and only a
flowers. The adult's wings and body are meager income doing housework. It was a
covered with microscopic scales, which are stranger from Dhaka who finally helped her
often brilliantly colored. - a man named David Clerk, who has an
unprecedented vision for changing the lives
A) One of the biggest groups of insects is
of poor women all over the world.
made up of moths and butterflies
B) Leaves provide a good source of food for a A) Needless to say, she couldn't get a loan
large number of species from a traditional bank
C) Butterflies and moths are mostly found in
the Tropics B) Her neighbors were certainly not interested
D) Caterpillars are camouflaged to avoid in helping such a woman
dangers
E) Nectar is sugary liquid produced by C) By working for longer hours she thought
animal-pollinated flowers that she would achieve her aim
7- The improvement of land and air D) She is an efficient typist and is willing to
transportation has made previously be given a job of this kind
inaccessible mountain habitats easy to reach
and exploit for natural resources, such as E) Many people were eager to help her avoid
timber and minerals .............. The removal those terrible conditions
of vegetation from the mountainsides by
native peoples and loggers alike has led to
erosion of the thin mountain soils, and the
depletion of the numbers of mountain
species.
A) But climate should be favourable enough
for certain species to grow abundantly
B) In the Andes, for example, more than half
of the upland forests have been cut down
C) Moreover, timber industry has developed
in such'areas
D) Consequently the number of the
endangered species in those areas is
decreasing 10- .............In the 1940s and '50s, radio
E) The Himalayas are a good example for brought the music of the outside world to
mountains that are still changing. much of Africa for the first time. In the
8- ......... Most butterflies fly by day and have 1970s, audiocassettes made it possible for
bright coloring, but" so do many moths. Third World musicians to disseminate their
However, a butterfly almost always has own music quickly, cheaply and profitably.
club-shaped antennae, while a moth's Acts like the Congo's Papa Wemba became
antennae are usually feathered. Also, most continent-wide superstars.
butterflies rest with their wings upright,
while most moths hold their wings flat. A) Bob Marfey, the great Jamaican reggae
star, once posed the question "Won't you
A) Butterflies are quite a delight to the help me to sing these songs of freedom?"
eye B) Centuries of customs have changed in just
B) Most butterflies and moths live in decades
warm areas C) Many top-globl music performers are then
C) It is not always easy to tell a butterfly children of musical pioneers
from a moth D) The quest for change in music has always
D) Both butterflies and moths have been a family affair
antennae E) New generation is lucky thanks to the
E) There are about 140,000 species of progress in techology
butterflies and moths worldwide
PARAGRAPH COMPLETION EXAMPLES FROM YDS
1- ............, in later years, he was attracted to A) There are two ways in which one can
bullfighting in Spain and lion hunting in own a book
Africa. His observations provided B) This last person really owns his books
background for some of his works, in which C) Most of the world's great books are
he described man's courage in facing strong available at reasonable prices
physical forces. In 1954, he was awarded the D) Reading a book used to be a
Nobel Prize for Literature. conversation between the reader and
author
A) A Farewell to Arms and the Sun Also E) It takes more time and effort to read a
Rises are two of Hemingway's best novels great book than it does a newspaper
B) Hemingway is one of American's most
popular writers
C) As a boy, Hemingway spent much time
hunting, fishing and exploring in the wild 4- The art historian Sir Herbert Read was
country of northern Michigan born in 1893 in Yorkshire in England. He
D) Hemingway's short stories give us an was the son of a farmer................He
insight into the minds of his characters joined the army and served as an officer in
E) In his short story "A Day's Wait," France and Belgium. After the war, he held
Hemingway shows the feelings of a boy various posts in the government, Later on,
who told he was going to die he became the director of the Victoria and
Albert Museum in London specialized in
ceramics.
2- I passed all the other courses that I took at A) He gained various medals for courage and
my university, but I could never pass bravery at war
botany ........... This used to make my B) He was student at the university of Leeds
instructor very angry. He would wander when World War I broke out
around the laboratory and be placed with C) His publications are mostly in the field of
the work of all the other students. Then he art and literature
would come to me. 1 would just be standing D) As a professor of art he had lectured at
there, doing nothing. various universities in Britain and the
United States
A) I always made sure that the microscope E) His book The Meaning of Art was
was placed on the table properly published several times as it was very
B) In fact, this was course I enjoyed popular
enormously
C) I was very much interested in the study
of structure of flower cells
D) However, other students were very good
at drawing pictures of plant cells in their
notebooks
E) This was because I could never see 5- A scientist called Flynn has learned to
through the microscope predict quite accurately when one special
volcano, the Pacaya, will erupt............ ?
Because no two are alike. Each volcano as to
be studied separately so that its warning
3- Let me begin with the question:" Who is a signals can be recognized.
true book owner?" Actually, there are
three kinds of book owners. The first has A) Why is Flynn only studying active
all the standard sets and best-sellers, volcanoes
unread and untouched. The second has a B) Just where is the Pacaya volcano situated
great many books, but few have been read, C) When did Flynn first become interested in
and most are as clean and shiny as the day volcanic activities
were bought. The third may have few D) Why can't he predict when any volcano
books or many books, but every one is will erupt
worn, marked and written in all the way E) How many times has he correctly
through............... predicted the eruption of these volcano
PARAGRAPH COMPLETION EXAMPLES FROM YDS
6- When one is not looking for a job, it seems 9 - Familiar terms such as "work", "energy"
that there are a great many jobs being and "force" are often used in a very
particular and distinct manner in physics.
advertised ............ They want someone .............. For instance, for the physicist, the
older someone younger. They want special word "force" is used in four different ways.
qualifications. They want experience. These forces are responsible for all the
phenomena we observe.
A) Some people like to change their job every
two or three years bur this is not advisable A) We think of a force generally as a push or
B) Naturally the salary is important; in fact a pull
for some people, it is the most important
B) It is important to understand their special
consideration.
meanings when they are used scientifically
C) But when one comes to look at these
advertisements one rarely finds anything C) 'Work" is another term which also has a
suitable restricted technical meaning in science
D) Some people were only interested in the
D) One of the fundamental forces in nature is
working hours
the electromagnetic force
E) Most us don't want to work more than
eight hours a day E) The English physicist Newton is
remembered for his investigations into the
7- If cigarette advertising could be banned forces of nature
from TV, so should commercials for the
drug called alcohol. Cigarette smokers, after
all, usually kill only themselves with their
habit.............. One should therefore
remind oneself that, when one drinks, one is
entering the company of killers.
A) History, more than other subjects has to be A) These include dumping grounds, chemical
well taught at school works, warehouses, and petrol stations
B) History teaches us aout different B) It results in economic losses that might
civilizations in the world affect the whole country
C) Every chemical substance that affects the
C) This question is no longer important environment affects the human beings,
among school children too
D) And nobody seemed to have any answer at D) Fortunately, there is no possibility that
all any radioactive materials have been
E) Actually I once seriously considered released
becoming a historian E) There are two main causes of such
hazards: biological and chemical
PARAGRAPH COMPLETION EXAMPLES FROM YDS
16- When we talk about the shared customs of a 19- English is spoken by over a billion people
society, we are referring to a "culture". around the world: in other words, by more
However, not all things shared generally by than a quarter of the world's population. It
a population are cultural. For example, the is the mother tongue in the UK, in Australia
typical hair colour of a population is not and New Zealand, and, of course, for the
cultural because it is genetically determined. vast majority people in North America. It is
studied as a foreign language all over the
world but particularly in Europe .............
A) Culture has nothing to do with playing the Have you ever thought about how the
piano or reading poetry language spoken by the population of a
B) Culture refers to all these aspects of life small island should have become so
C) What and how human beings eat is learned widespread?
and varies from culture to culture
D) Every society has a culture, no matter how A) There is actually a strong French influence
simple this culture is on the English language
E) For something to be considered cultural, it B) Indeed, one of the Germanic tribes -the
must be learned as well as shared Angles -gave their name to the language
that was to become English
C) One big difference between the English of
17- In the USA. fish is not a particularly England and the English of America is the
popular food.......... There is, for instance, accent
the canning industry; sardines and tuna in D) It is also the language of shipping and
particular are canned both for home aviation, of science, technology and
consumption and for export. Moreover, commerce
fertilizers are often fish-based, and these E) English is still changing fast, and there are
make up another important industry. many local varieties
21- ..................This is not true. Of course you 23- All living things are composed of cells
are always free to create your own which have a basic similarity of structure.
programmes. But most people who use .........,.. In fac t, man also does. Actually,
computers buy standard programmes. some living things remain as single cells for
Some get special programmes prepared for as long as they live.
them by professionals. Then all that they
have to do is to load the programme into A) The cellular life processes are controlled
the computer memory. by code molecules
B) In each cell there are molecules
A) It seems that there is hardly a work place C) Code molecules are responsible for the
now that is not computerized growth and development of every living
B) The computer has developed fast organism
over the last few decades D) Most plants and animals begin life as a
C) Computers now play a vital part single cell
in scientific research E) A number of new discoveries have been
D) People often think that if you use a related to celts
computer, you must 'programme' it
yourself
E) Some scientists use computers to make
detailed models of complex systems
22- Paper is not a new invention ............ Much 24- From the beginning, my little daughter
later, during the Middle Ages, it was always wanted to play with dolls; nothing
brought to Europe by the Arabs. Then its else interested her.............. Usually she
use spread to America and to every land would play with them, but only out of
where people needed something to write on. politeness. She always fitted in with other
The use of paper was further increased with children. But she found no pleasure In guns
the spread-of reading and writing. or, indeed, in anything boyish.
A) Actually, it has a long history A) Some little girls, however, are not so
B) It would take a long time to list all paper interested in dolls
products B) Other children occasionally wanted her to
C) It was first produced in China in about play with toy guns when she went to play
105 AD in their houses
D) For a long time, paper was made by hand C) Boys, on the whole, want guns and like to
E) The word 'paper' comes from the word play war games
'papyrus' which was used by the ancient D) Her mother was delighted; she didn't want
Egyptians as we use paper any war toys in the house
E) She also spent a lot of time
drawing
Sentence
COMPLETIO
N
SENTENCE COMPLETION TEST-1-
1- ............ with all they have learned to 4- Kevin Mitnick , the world's greatest
enable her to live a happier life. hacker, has already been imprisoned for
more than four years ............
A) Betty's colleagues were competing
with each other to help her A) who is asked to work for the Federal
B) Her parents promise her that they will Bureau of Investigation
do their absolute best to provide her B) when it was found out that he had
C) Her friends are reluctant to share the broken in to the computer systems of
same opportunities with Nancy multinational corporations
D) Eventually, the doctors were able to C) nevertheless, he was not able to present
find a remedy to treat her any evidence to prove that he was
E) In her new surroundings, she is pleased innocent
with everything, but lack of friends D) before his case has even been heard
E) but the jury had found him guilty of
violating the law
A) why euro has been accepted as single A) The book I am reading now brings
currency in the twelve European alive the ideas, events, and people of
countries earlier cultures
B) to hear that our team is most likely to B) Have you ever thought about
be beaten by the opposing team C) It was kept a mystery who would be
C) the fact that the boss admits to give us given that crucial task
two days off D) The institutes during the Ottoman
D) when the news of her father's death has Empire did win a distinguished place in
arrived the society
E) how my brother was able to adjust E) The Ministry of Culture is determined
himself to the new working conditions to send those three children to the
competition
A) So complex was the matter they were A) In response to the attacks made against
discussing them
B) Once more, the committe have reached a B) Since they cannot stand this kind of
solution blood- shed
C) Since the start of the year, their sales are C) The last stage of the war was not as
at such a satisfactory rate easy as they had expected
D) Before making any investment they D) When they rejected that massive help
should be aware of the fact offer of another world power
E) The board members of the company E) Since President has not been able to
were all unanimous fulfil his promise about arresting the
alleged criminals
1- Not having had any experience in a job 4- Being on the brink of bankruptcy,
like that before, ............
A) the company refused his application A) the rival companies were afraid that
without taking into account his degree they might suffer from the same
in his career economic crisis too
B) salesmanship proved to be truly B) money was greatly needed to make
difficult for her new investments
C) Martin is proficient enough in his new C) our firm has decided to lay half of its
job employees off
DJ she is happy that she gets on well with D) the manager came up with new ideas at
her manager E) he hesitated about the board meeting last Friday
whether he should E) the number of jobless people is
accept the company's job offer probably shrinking thanks to the efforts
of the government
A) more than one-third are in the Asia- A) Mary took part in our club
Pacific region. enthusiastically
B) enjoy themselves watching their B) My father lost his job again
favourite teams C) More than fifty passengers died in the
C) most of them hated watching matches flying disaster
on cable channel D) I would have been so happy to have
D) some were lucky to be able to watch gone with them
them live My mother forgot to buy those toys
E)
E) but most of them are wealthy people
3- ....... , so particularly the number of loss 6- The chance for his survival seemed so
of life of women and children was faint...........
incredible.
A) as his physician has told us
A) The arduous efforts to alleviate hunger B) that he was deceived by the
in the region bore fruit compliments of his team members
B) The United Nations are indifferent to C) on account of the fact that his wound
the clashes among those two nations was bleeding profusely
C) The snipers fired indiscriminately at D) because we were able to hurry him into
the people in the area hospital in time
D) Death rate, due to lack of medicine and E) when doctors have decided that he
sanitary conditions might undergo an operation
E) The delay in dispatching relief to the
hunger-stricken people
SENTENCE COMPLETION TEST-2 -
7- ........ even after the band broke up. 10- It is not entirely clear
A) Their last album has sold well A) why the board reached a decision that
B) The number of their admirers declined they had better not invest in that kind
noticeably of industry
C) One of them is determined not to return B) how could the government send help to
to music our countries while its people are in
D) She has purchased all of their albums such a poverty
E) All the members of the Beatles C) as if they were familiar with me
remained famous D) since it's obvious that they are
determined not to join them again
E) when will the match be played on
account of heavy snow
9- Upon learning that it was necessary for 12- The fact their father hadn't mentioned
her to have an operation on her leg,..... the exact amount of money each of them
would inherit before his death...........
A) her parents were dissatisfied with the
medical of that hospital A) could help them overcome their
B) the doctor had difficulty telling her financial difficulties
how compulsory the surgery was B) left them in a state of confusion and
C) Amy's relatives tried their best to discord
comfort her C) may be simply because he doesn't want
D) Linda passed out immediately to create a family feud
E) her friends persuaded her to engage in D) doesn't mean that he wants them to be
regular exercise in conflict
E) they made up their minds to equally
share the heritage
SENTENCE COMPLETION TEST-3-
1- Thousands of restaurants serving exotic 4- The public says that if the current
Thai cuisine have sprung up all over the president runs for re-election, . . . .
world................
A) a vast number of people have been
A) what is more, they are delicately pleased with his administration
flavored with herbs, spices and curries B) he woud, with no doubt, lose by a
B) the moment it was announced that considerable margin
foods especially in Thailand are good C) they are unlikely to vote for him
for health the failure of" the previous one has not
C) in response to the demand for such discouraged him
dishes as hot and spicy prawn soup and E) a more vigorous election campaign
coconut milk soup with chicken should have been conducted
D) on account of the poor Thai cuisine
E) in comparison to Chinese cuisine, it is
also superior
A) the authorities went on digging for A) Renowned pianist and conductor Daniel
mineral deposits Barenboim had to call off his concert
B) a huge crowd of people walked in the B) Another war is very likely to break out
streets chanting slogans against the C) The number of those supporting the
administration former president has increased
C) the new mayor emphasizes that the substantially
importance of unity D) The country would have been suffering
D) they were opposed to the policy the from very serious economic crisis
government advocated E) For fear that it might not defend itself
E) almost all of the demonstrators were against the opposition
detained
3- Kylie Minogue's latest album Fever is 6- Not counting weddings and funerals, 38
predicted to reach number three in the percent of Americans say...........
US album chart............. , .
A) what are they particularly interested in
A) no matter how many copies were sold B) how often does the public attend
on the black market conferences
B) despite her excellent performance C) they go to religious services at least
C) when the week's final sales figures are once a week
released D) whether will the new administration
D) that was announced two days ago respond promptly to their needs
E) but it would have been a dream for her E) entertainment opportunities were
to on the top of the list beyond their reach
SENTENCE COMPLETION TEST-3-
7- A police officer says that Martin was 10- Of the great athletes born in the east,
shot in the clashes between police and
demonstrators, but ...........
A) that incredible runners are found there
A) whether he was involved in the is indisputable
uprising is unclear B) professor Lambert is carrying out a
B) both sides are unwilling to bring an end research on Kalenjin people
to this fight C) he wondered why winners always
C) how did the riot begin is still a mystery come from the same region
D) when will the emergeny service reach D) it is the Kenyans whose record is
there is unknown outstanding
E) most of them have been detained by E) compared with the ones born in the
the security forces west
8- ..............which affect a ll of our daily 11- Having been informed that the
lives. copyrights of their books are violated,
9- Lunching with a friend of mine in a fast- 12- ......... since the economic slump began.
food restaurant, .........
A) My parents used to provid me with
A) the waitress annoyed me so much everything I needed
B) there were not good dishes on the B) The workers will be required to work
menu more vigorously
C) my friend liked the meals a lot C) Even well-managed and profitable
D) his phone did always ring and companies have been reducing the
disturbed the people there number of their employees
E) I saw one of my old friends at the next D) In order to cut down the extravagant
table spending, the firm is gathering this
afternoon
E) Practically no company had announced
job losses
SENTENCE COMPLETION TEST-4-
1- The parents were a bit hesitant 4- My friend, an economist, set forth the
reason..........
A) why they won't be able to afford the
college fee of their son A) whether our country can get out of this
B) how would they move their flat in this economic crisis
time of the year B) what caused the recent increase in
C) who they ask to look after their baby inflation
while they are on vacation C) for we have asked him about what kind
D) what they will say to their children of economic measures we should take
about the fact that they both lost their D) why no government would allow their
jobs airlines to go bankrupt
E) about whether their daughter would be E) how did our economy begin to collapse
successful in her education abroad
A) how one could lose their excess weight A) This album has sold more than half a
in a short period of time million copies in the US
B) how should parents bring up their B) His new novel is eagerly expected by a
children well large number of readers
C) whether do parents have to rebuke their C) The police are going to keep track of
children sometimes criminal
D) when has the disease of my father D) How has her new book sold so well in
started such a short time
E) how did their hospital become so much E) The court will announce its verdict next
popular week
SENTENCE COMPLETION EXAMPLES FROM YDS
13- As there is a complete standardisatton of every product in this fast-food restaurant chain,
14- ....... , who really established and developed the thriller style in films.
13- As there is a complete standardisation of every product in this fast-food restaurant chain,
14- ...... , who really established and developed the thriller style in films.
A) if she has proved far more efficient than any of the other employees
B) that she has really deserved it
C) as she had been working for the company for so many years
D) unless there was a good reason for doing so
E) until the company's annual budget is approved
1- The Sugar Act caused alarm in the 3- It's advisable to pay special attention to
American colonies, partly because of the the first sentence of a paragraph as it's
expected economic disadvantages. most likely to give the main idea.
B) No matter how high the deep-sea A) The doctors were so angry as Matthew
pressure is, there are some animals didn't come to his senses in a short
living there. time.
B) What made the doctors extremely
C) Without the constant pressure of deep worried was that it took quite a long
seafloor, some animal won't be able to time for Matthew to become well even
live. ' after the operation.
C) Despite undergoing an operation,
D) A dazzling variety of animals thrive on
Matthew's illness lasted for quite a
the deep seafloor.
long time, which made the doctors
E) Certain animals could live only at a seriously worried.
high pressure existing in the deep D) The doctors were not sure whether or
seafloor. not the operation on Matthew was
successful, so they became extremely
worried.
E) Following his operation, a long time
passed till Matthew regained
consciousness, which made the doctors
extremely worried.
CLOSEST MEANING TEST-1-
5- Passengers who travel long distances are 7- How the engine of the car failed was
very likely to suffer from leg pain. beyond explanation.
A) Travelling long distances may cause A) The engine of the car disappointed us
deadly illnesses by becoming out of order.
B) Leg pain will most probably trouble B) Nobody can understand the reason why
those who travel long distances. we've had problem with the engine of
C) Without stopping you can travel very the car.
C) No I can see how important it's to have
long distances but the consequence will
the car maintained regularly.
probably be fatal.
D) Nobody explained why the car broke
D) Long distances should not be covered down.
without taking stops several times. E) It was incomprehensible how the
E) It's advisable to take comfortable engine of the car broke down.
means of transport so as not to suffer
from leg pain.
6- It's assumed to be true by the early 19th- 8- Without the aegis of its allies, the U.S.
century palaeontologists that dinosaurs would have had no chance of winning
lived in a world almost as strange as the war against that country.
themselves.
A) The fact that the U.S. gained victory
A) Early 19th-century palaeontologists should not be attributed to the support
postulated that the world dinosaurs came from its allies.
inhabited was no less strange than the B) The reason why the U.S. did not
creatures themselves. become successful in the war was that
B) Nearly all of the early 19th-century its allies refused to provide assistance.
palaeontologists considered the world C) On account of the fact that its allies
of the dinosaurs to have been as provided assistance, it became possible
eccentric as themselves for the U.S. to be victorious over that
C) Early 19th-century palaeontologists country.
believed that the world that dinosaurs D) It became possible for the U.S. to win
inhabited was more harsh than today's the war against that country thanks to
world the massive support by the allied
D) What early 19th-century forces.
palaeontologists put forward was that E) If the U.S. had accepted the ardent
dinosaurs was able to survive in a very support of that country, it would most
strange world probably have been possible for it to be
E) The remains of dinosaurs animals triumphant
suggest that they inhabited a very
strange world.
CLOSE ST MEANING TEST-2-
1- Scientists no longer doubt that global 3- The court decided in favour of those who
warming is happening. had complained that they were overtaxed
by the GSM operators.
A) Today, scientists are sure that global
warming is not happening. A) The GSM operators were found guilty
B) According to the current conflicting of taxing their subscribers too heavily,
data, some scientists do not accept that so the court demanded compensation.
global warming is hap pening. B) The court's decision justified the
C) Now, scientists are certain that there is complaints of those who were made to
global warming. pay too much tax by the GSM
D) Scientists claim that there is no need to operators.
worry about global warming. C) Why the court imposed a fine on the
E) The issue of global warming caused GSM operators was that they made
deep concern among scientists. their subscribers pay too much tax.
D) After hearing the claims of those who
were suffering from paying too much
tax, the court wanted to hear the
defendants.
E) Between the GSM operators and their
subscribers is there a dispute to settled
in court.
5- Unlike humans, calves are born with no 7- No other woman but Jane can cope with
disease resistance. so many difficulties of looking after four
children all alone.
A) Calves come to the world with more
power to fight disease than humans. A) Any woman can put up with such
B) Humans are born with power to combat hardships of caring for four children.
disease, but calves aren't. B) I don't think that anybody can undergo
C) Unfortunately, calves fall victim to such hardships as looking after four
disease soon after their birth. children all alone.
D) Like humans, calves don't have power C) Jane is the sole woman to be able to
to fight disease at birth. tackle such a lot of hardships of caring
E) Humans are luckier than calves as they for four children on her own.
are born with disease resistance. D) There is no other woman that can deal
with the problems of four children so
professionally, but Jane.
E) Jane's ability of coping with the
problems of her four children so
successfully is truly astonishing.
6- The book I am reading at the moment 8- Finally, it became clear that it was not
could have been finished long ago if I had the solution that would help our
read it more avidly. company avoid collapse.
A) Now I am reading a book that should A) Fortunately, the solution offered by the
have been finished a long time ago. committee members became
B) If I had not been so unwilling in increasingly helpful to our company.
reading this book, I could have started B) Had it not been for that wise solution,
another one, our company would not be in such
C) Since I started reading this book, I have good circumstances.
been reading very eagerly. C) To my surprise, our company did
D) So that I can finish this book before the everything it could, yet it could not
schedule, I must read it more often. come over the financial problems; as a
E) But for my unenthusiastic reading, it result, we went bankrupt.
would have been possible for the book D) In the end. the solution that had been
I am reading now to have been finished considered feasible for our company to
a long time ago. avert bankruptcy turned out to be
wrong.
E) Our company should have never tried
that solution, which caused us to go
bankrupt.
CLOSEST MEANING TEST-3-
1- I firmly believe that writing activity can 3- Without diligent study, it would have
be made more enjoyable particularly by been just a dream for her to have had a
the teacher himself. university degree.
A) I am sure writing activity can be made A) She did graduate from her university
the most popular activity for students with a good degree by studying
only if the teacher himself likes diligently.
teaching. B) Thanks to her hard study she attained
B) So as to enjoy writing activity, students her aim of graduating from university.
should themselves learn writing C) If she had studied hard, she would have
techniques. graduated from university.
C) Teachers should improve their writing D) She did not study diligently enough to
skill in order that they can help have a university degree.
students like writing activity. E) Her constant and careful study must
D) In order to enhance their writing skill, have helped her have a university
students should seek help from their degree.
teachers.
E) It is my definite conviction that
especially the teacher himself should
make effort in order for students to like
writing activity.
2- As you were aware of the fact that the oil 4- Jack and Bob were not even a bit
of the car would not be sufficient for disappointed at having failed their final
your whole journey, you should have exams since they had hardly studied.
filled the petrol tank beforehand.
A) Their failure in the final exams did not
A) You knew that the car would run out of cause them to feel any disappointment
oil halfway through your journey, so because they had expected such a
you should have filled it up in advance. result.
B) Because of your forgetful ness, you B) Jack and Bob became disappointed
didn't fill the petrol tank of your car. when they failed in their final exams,
C) As there was enough petrol in the tank for they had studied hard.
to complete our journey, we drove to C) As their study had not been sufficient,
our destination non-stop. . Jack and Bob expected poor results in
D) Why don't you fill up the petrol tank of their final exams.
your car and have a pleasant and D) As they had made almost no study,
uneventful journey.? Jack and Bob were not frustrated by
E) Because of your recklessness, you being unsuccessful in their final exams
experienced such difficulties on your at all.
journey. E) Jack and Bob were not a bit taken
aback by the failure in the final exams
because they had already known what
the results would be like.
CLOSEST MEANING TEST-3-
5- For a quarter century David Doubilet 7- There are so many handicaps that make
has delved into the ocean's surface to our country's progress difficult that we
astonish us with illuminating images of need to struggle more perseveringly to
this dark realm. overcome them.
A) Other team members may arrive late, but not the captain.
B) The captain is expected to arrive ahead of the other team members
C) All the team members of the team were there on time except for the captain.
D) The captain was not the only team member to arrive late.
E) Among others the captain of the team got there late.
2- I won't get my bicycle repaired there again because they charged me far too much.
A) I wouldn't let them repair my bicycle if I had known how much they would charge.
B) I'm sure there must be cheaper places that repair bicycles just as well.
C) I should have asked them how much money they charged before I left my bicycle with them
to be repaired.
D) It cost me so much to get my bicycle repaired there that I will never go back with again.
E) Getting my bicycle repaired was very expensive, so I hope it won't need repairing again.
A) Our team played well but the other team played even better.
B) Though our team won, the other side played extremely well.
C) Our team deserved to win as we really played well.
D) Though our team lost, the other team was really much worse.
E) Our team didn't win, but nevertheless we played magnificently.
4- I have read nearly all of the Dickens's novels, and A Tale of Two Cities is my favourite.
A) In my opinion, A Tale of Two Cities is quite the best of all novels by Dickens.
B) Of all the novels by Dickens that I have read, and that's most of them A Tale of Two Cities
remains my favourite.
C) I've read a lot more novels by Dickens and still think A Tale of Two Cities is the best.
D) I've really read a great many novels but haven't enjoyed any as much as Dickens's A Tale
of Two Cities.
E) Of all these novels, A Tale of Two Cities by Dickens is certainly the one I enjoyed reading
most.
CLOSEST MEANING EXAMPLES FROM YDS
5- You realty most leave at once if you want to catch that train.
6- John finished his homework before I was even half-way through mine.
A) When John's homework was finished mine wasn't even half done.
B) By the time John had finished his homework I had hardly begun mine.
C) I did the half of the homework and then John finished it.
D) When John's homework finished I started to do some of mine.
E) John finished his homework quickly but I had twice as much to do.
7- On sunny days I always feel more cheerful and so, I think, do most people.
A) I've often noticed that on sunny days you see a lot more cheerful people.
B) I can't understand why people feel more cheerful when the sun shines.
C) Once the sun comes out I am sure we shall all start to look more cheerful.
D) I suppose most people are like me and feel more cheerful when the sun shines.
E) Like many people I become very happy as long as the sun shines brightly.
8- Sally made her own costume for the school play, but she was the only one to do so.
A) Sally was the only one who helped to make the costumes for the school play.
B) Sally helped to make the costumes for the school play, but no one else did.
C) Sally made the costume she wore in the school "play herself, but none of the others made
- theirs : ••• '- :•- - -• -'-•• • • - ;'•-•: '- : • • • • • ' _ •
D) Except for Sally, no one helped to make the costumes for the school play
E) It was only Sally who needed a special costume for the school play; none of the others did.
CLOSEST MEANING EXAMPLES FROM YDS
9- Most of the students had worked hard and so they did quite well in the examination.
10- The last time I saw my cousin he was only five years old.
11- I used to play basketball several times a week while I was at university.
A) When I was a university student, it was my habit to play basketball a few times a week, but
now I don't.
B) It was during my university years that I got used to playiffg basketball at least three times a
week.
C) I don't play basketball now as often as I did when I was at university.
D) During my university years, I started to play basketball two or three times a week, but I
don't any longer,
E) It was when I was at university that I took up basketball and played several times a week
12- As there was a great deal of traffic on the roads, the journey took us longer than we had
expected.
13- You knew I needed your help this weekend, so you shouldn't have promised to go out with
your friends.
A) You'd promised to help me this weekend, so I don't see how you can agree to go off with
your friends like that.
B) Why did you arrange to go out with your friends over the weekend while you said you
would help me?
C) I suppose you've arranged to go off with your friends this weekend because you didn't want
to help me though you had promised to!
D) It was not right for you to promise your friends that you'd go out with them this weekend
since you knew I had to have some help from you.
E) When you agreed to go out with your friends this weekend, had you forgotten you'd
promised to help me?
14- This material is suitable for students of eighteen years and up.
15- There is only one major difference between your plan and mine.
A) There is really only one way in which the two plans are different.
B) Your scheme differs from mine in just one important respect.
C) Actually, both of our plans are very similar except for one or two details.
D) Your scheme hardly differs at all from mine.
E) I have a plan that is different from yours in several ways.
16- I wanted to sit at a table near the window, but we couldn't find a free one.
A) If there had been an empty table near the window, I would have liked to have sat there.
B) All the tables near the window were occupied, so we went somewhere else.
C) We found one unoccupied table near the window and sat down there.
D) I would have been so pleased if we could have found a free table that was not near the
window.
E) I would have been surprised to have found any one of the tables near the window free.
17- I'd have worn the right shoes if I'd known we were going to do all this climbing.
A) I'd have gone on the climb if I'd been wearing the right shoes.
B) I'd love to go climbing, but I don't have any shoes that would be suitable.
C) As I didn't realize there was going to be so much climbing, I didn't come in suitable shoes.
D) I didn't realize that these shoes weren't right for climbing in.
E) If only I'd been wearing suitable shoes I would have enjoyed the climb.
CLOSEST MEANING EXAMPLES FROM YDS
18- Everyone told me it was too cold to go swimming, but I didn't listen to them.
A) They all said it wasn't warm enough to go swimming, but I ignored them.
B) Nobody thought it was warm enough to swim, but I did.
C) I didn't think it was too cold to go swimming, but the others did.
D) They all told me not to swim, but I thought it was warm enough.
E) I didn't go swimming as everyone said it was far too cold.
19- It was nearly 8 o'clock when I arrived and they were still having dinner.
A) They had already started the evening meal when I arrived some time after 8 o'clock.
B) I arrived shortly after 8 o'clock to find them still having dinner.
C) Dinner was almost over at 8 o'clock when I finally got there.
D) They were almost through their dinner when I got there at around 8 o'clock.
E) When I got there at a few minutes to 8, they hadn't finished their evening meal.
A- Fill in the blanks with the words given below. Use the correct form of the
verb.
B- Try to match the words in the first column with a meaning from the second.
1- influence a. heroic
2- masterpiece b. have an effect on sb / sth
3- epic c. morally bad; wicked
4- evil d. an artist's greatest work
A- Fill in the blanks with the words given below. Use the correct form of the
verb.
B- Try to match the words in the first column with a meaning from the second.
A- Fill in the blanks with the words given below. Use the correct form of the
verb.
3- What has changed in the last few hundred years is the additional
01.............................. of carbon dioxide by human activities. Fossil fuels burned to
run cars and trucks, heat homes and businesses, and power factories
are (2).................................for about 98% of U.S. carbon dioxide !'............... , 24%
of methane emissions, and 18% of nitrous oxide emissions. Increased
agriculture, deforestation, landfills, industrial production, and mining
also (4).............................. a significant share of emissions. In 1997, the United
States emitted about one -fifth of total global(5)................................. gases.
B- Try to match the words in the first column with a meaning from the second.
A- Fill in the blanks with the words given below. Use the correct form of the
verb.
B- Try to match the words in the first column with a meaning from the second.
A- Fill in the blanks with the words given below. Use the correct form of the
verb.
convey unique charmingly excitement contribute
B- Try to match the words in the first column with a meaning from the second.
A- Fill in the blanks with the words given below. Use the correct form of the
verb.
B- Try to match the words in the first column with a meaning from the second.
A- Fill in the blanks with the words given below. Use the correct form of the
verb.
3- The police have very ( '................. powers to stop and search, but
(2)
that's not to say that they always use them v '................... If you're
(3)
stopped, the officer must have '................. belief that he will find
v
B- Try to match the words in the first column with a meaning from the second.
1-commit a. probably; presumable
2- reasonable b. appropriately; accurately
3- wide c. do sth illegal, wrong or foolish
4- properly d. logical; sensible
5- base e. extensive
6- likely f. use sth as evidence for sth else
A- Fill in the blanks with the words given below. Use the correct form of the
verb.
4- In the UK, the main law dealing with racial '................ is the Race
/o\
Relations Act 1976, which was recently '................. by the Race
v
Relations (Amendment) Act 2000. European Union law {which the UK has
also agreed to) includes a Race Directive which makes discrimination on
( ' ................ of racial or ethnic origin ( '............. in the following areas:
B- Try to match the words in the first column with a meaning from the second.
A- Fill in the blanks with the words given below. Use the correct form of the
verb.
B- Try to match the words in the first column with a meaning from the second.
A- Fill in the blanks with the words given below. Use the correct form of the
verb.
2- Ministers are being told that if they want students to work their way
through college they will have to do more to help them find (1) .................................
jobs. University job shops which have ( 2 ).................................in the past few years
are reporting record business, with more and more students looking for
work. At Edinburgh University, between about 50 to 100 students file into
the job shop every day looking for jobs to help them (3)......................................The job
shop - officially known as the student employment service - puts
employers 14)..............................with students and also gives students ( 5 ) .................................
on work and their rights.
B- Try to match the words in the first column with a meaning from the second.
1-decent a. in communication
2- in touch b. opinion given about what to or how to behave
3- advice c. appear, develop, grow, etc quickly or suddenly
4- make ends meet d. suitable
5- spring up e. earn enough money to live without getting into debt
GAP-FILLING & MATCHING TEST-3-
A- Fill in the blanks with the words given below. Use the correct form of the
verb.
develop receive traditio nal effective via
B- Try to match the words in the first column with a meaning from the second.
A- Fill in the blanks with the words given below. Use the correct form of the
verb.
4- Most smokers ( 1 ) ...............................taking up the habit and say they would not
do so if it was possible to get a second chance. A national (2>.................................
also found that once hooked, many smokers were over -optimistic about
how easy it would be for them t o kick the habit. The survey of 893 smokers
found that four out of five would not take up the habit if they had
their time again. The [3) ............................... of regret was most (4> ................................. among
smokers aged 45 to 64.
B- Try to match the words in the first column with a meaning from the second.
A- Fill in the blanks with the words giv en below. Use the correct form of the
verb.
B- Try to match the words in the first column with a meaning from the second.
A- Fill in the blanks with the words given below. Use the correct form of the
verb.
B- Try to match the words in the first column with a meaning from the second.
A- Fill in the blanks with the words given below. Use the correct form of the
verb.
3- Mars has long (1>......................................... the human imagination. It has been held
up as the one place in our solar system most likely to {2)........................................... life
forms. In the 1700s, astronomer William Herschel — one of the first
people to write about (3).........................................life — speculated that Martians lived
in conditions similar to those on Earth. In the late 19th century, people
observing Mars from Earth noticed canal-like patterns on the planet's
surface and (4).........................................that they had been built by great civilizations.
We now know that there are no canals "on Mars' surface, and
investigations by probes and landers have found no ( 5 ) ............................................ of
Martian civilizations.
B- Try to match the words in the first column with a meaning from the second.
A- Fill in the blanks with the words given below. Use the correct form of the
verb.
4- During the first millennium B.C. through the middle of the second
millennium A.D., a (1).........................................network of trade routes known as the
"Silk Road" linked the people and traditions of Asia with those of
Europe. These historic routes served as a major(2)............................................ for the
transport of knowledge, information and material goods between East
and West and < 3 )........................................ in the first global ( 4 ).......................................... of
scientific and cultural traditions.
B- Try to match the words in the first column with a meaning from the second.
1-exchange a. have a specified effect or consequence
2- conduit b. very large in area, size, quantitiy or degree; immense
3- vast c. canal
4- result d. give or receive in place of another
GAP-FILLING & MATCHING TEST-5-
A- Fill in the blanks with the words given below. Use the correct form of the
verb.
B- Try to match the words in the first column with a meaning from the second.
A- Fill in the blanks with the words given below. Use the correct form of the
verb.
B- Try to match the words in the first column with a meaning from the second.
A- Fill in the blanks with the words given below. Use the correct form of the
verb.
3- Great <1) ........................ have been made in the study of the Ancient
Egyptian Civilisation in the last two hundred years. In that time we have
gone from having (2) ........................ no knowledge whatsoever, to being able
to translate directly from the heiroglyphs on the walls of pyramid s and
temples with a high degree of accuracy. This (3)..........................leap forward
in knowledge was thanks to a very ! 4 )........................ find by a group of
Napoleon Bonaparte's soldiers as they ( 5 ) .........................Egypt for the French
in 1798 and 1799.
B- Try to match the words in the first column with a meaning from the second.
1-virtually a. big
2- giant b. progress
3- secure c. almost
4- fortunate d. protect
5-advance e. lucky
A- Fill in the blanks with the words given below. Use the correct form of the
verb.
B- Try to match the words in the first column with a meaning from the second.
1- Jack had not been so furious as when one 6- The citizens are not sure whether these
of his friends used his pen without economic changes may have any positive
permission. influence between our country and the
E.U.
A) glad B) amiable
C) calm D) angry A) stake B) relation
E) resolute C) effect . D) action
E) measure
2- My wife had thought that the food we took 7- James Flemings's "The Temp le of
for our trip would be adequate. But it Optimism" has been higly praised by the
finished in the third day. ciritics. Their common impression is that
it is heart-stoppingly good.
A) sufficient B) inefficient D) settled
C) addictive E) bare A) expressed B) criticised D) abased E)
C) ridiculed acclaimed
3- You had better not drink that milk. Its 8- tie did not deny that the success of the
bottle suggests that its expiry date has festival depended upon the participation of
already come. the whole community.
5- The Prime Minister guaranteed that the 10- Their daughter died of a mysterious
crisis would be got over within only nine illness. The doctors still cannot make
months. any explanation about it
1- The fierce disagreement between the twins 6- He is an adorable famous pop-singer who
is believed to have arisen because they has a large number of admirers.
could not share the toys.
2-1 told the staff that the goods in the parcel 7- Little Jessie wanted her parents to adorn
are very fragile and so they should carry her room with various ornaments.
them with proper care.
A) appeal B) fabricate D) create
A) inferior C) B) durable D) C) devise E) embellish
impressive breakable E) terrific
3- He doesn't advocate the policy his party 8- Her enthusiastic admirers went to the
is employing. He finds it extremely city of the Olympiads in order to support
ineffective. her.
5- Our country has been suffering terribly 10- This spring I'm planning to engage in a
from the adverse effects of the war breathtaking adventure with a couple of
among the neighboring countries. my friends.
1-1 was so tired that, soon after arriving 6- People are complaining that the reviewers
home, I slipped off my shoes and trousers aren't doing their job properly.
and got into bed.
A) indecently B) accurately D) nastily
A) spread B) leant C) rapidly E) logically
C) worn D) unleashed
E) released
2- The house had been aflame for more 7- My father is troubled by rheumatism
than two hours until the firemen arrived. when the weather becomes damp.
3- The Time 100 series is a set of three 8- Living things share certain properties that
powerful books, to be released over the distinguish them from inanimate objects.
next two years, naming the most
important people of the century. A)endanger C) B) judge
separate D) ratify
A) published B)sold E) divert
C) collected D) constructed E)
adopted
A) dim B) miserable
C) calm D) merciful
E) unfriendly
SYNONYMOUS WORDS TEST-5-
1- Nearly 50 % of the entire ethnic minority 6- The Prime Minister turned down the free
population in that country is under the aid for relief. He said that they could
age of 25. overcome this problem on their own.
3- Some species become extinct because of 8- We believe that the culprit will confess
non-human forces, but many others are under threat of death.
becoming endangered or threatened with
extinction because of the activities of A) passion B) conviction
people. Qaid D) warning
E) gravity
A) released B) tightened D)
C) intensified jeopardized
EJ instigated
4- A Swedish scientist named Carolus The gravity of the threat to wildlife will
Linnaeus (1707-1778) workedout a be discussed at the meeting next week.
system for classifying both animals and
plants. We still use it today. A) logic C) B) importance D) destiny
meaning E) hilarity
A) imperiled B) compiled D)
C) improved depicted
E) devised
5- Nothing will break our joint 10- The economic relations of the two
determination to bridge our efforts at nations have become frayed becuase of
working towards a just peace. some misuderstandings.
1- 26 percent of Catholic men say they 6- The authorities say that the riots that
attend church regularly, compared to 42 broke out yesterday were spontaneous
percent of Protestant men. outbursts of frustration and anger.
4- The rescuers coming from the 9- We were all shocked at how he made
neighbouring countries worked with a such a swift and complete recovery in a
will to help the people living in the almost very short time.
thoroughly devastated area by the
earthquake. A) quick B)sudden D) slow
C) eager E) bashful
A flawlessly B) absolutely D) clearly
) vividly E) partially
5- She says that after the publication of her 10- He fears that his trial is going to be
new book, she will be unbelievably rich. biased because of his religion.
1- The more his friends spoke of his fathe r, 6- It was because the committee made a
the more grossly his death renewed itself realistic attempt to solve the problems
in Martin's memory. that the company got rid of bankruptcy.
Atheism isn't an organised religion or a 7- After I told her that I eventually passed
belief. In fact, it's the absence of a belief exams, she looked at me in genuine
in God or other spiritual beings. astonishment.
4- Vital hours were ticking away, but the 9- The manager declared with satisfaction
that the company is growing
doctors' efforts to save the patient were
unsuccessful. substantially in comprison to its state in
the past.
A) magnificient B) principal C)
A) certainty B) impatience D) indecision
unimportant D) essential E) *C) alienation E) displeasure
durable
1- She is talking about her son's success with 6- The boss dismissed the manager because
of his negligence. He hadn't taken any
pride.
measure against the upcoming economic
B) animation D) humility E) crisis.
A) desire
C) gaiety exaggeration A) vengeance B) attentiveness D)
C) extremetiy impartiality
E) irresponsibility
2- He believes that this is an indispensable 7- It's best to avoid anything that leads to
book for students preparing for loss of confidence.
proficiency exams in English.
A) importance C) B) adjustment
A) unnecessary C) B) primary deception D) apprehension
essential D) precise E)
E) courage
reliable
3- The number of heroin addicts in our 8- Chlorine is still the most popular weapon
country has climbed unbelievably within against contaminated pool water.
the past decade.
A) prolonged C) infected B) insolent
A) demolished B) swayed E) clean D) unnatural
C) declined D) prompted
E) enlarged
4- The new research revealed the extent 9- The students have exactly one hour to
of the damage which came from the finish their examination.
nuclear plants.
A) roughly B) notably
A)depended B) underestimated D) C) abundantly D) precisely
C)expended verified E) accurately
E) concealed
5- Almost every student feels nervous 10- His present laptop computer is out-o f-
before taking an exam. date; therefore, he wants to buy a new
one.
A) agitated B) uninterested D)
C) curious abnormal A) rapid C) impudent B) modern
E) calm E) superficial D) scornful
ANTONYMOUS WORDS TEST-4 -
2- There hasn't been any noticeable change 7- In big cities, the air in winter months
in our economical state since this becomes so polluted that breathing it
minister came. may be hazardous to health.
3- He is an extrovert person. He manages to 8- There are rumours that some drugs have
have a lot of friends. been found to prolong life.
4- Some countries have outlawed sale of 9- She has been promoted on account of
some drugs because of their negative her proficiency in doing her job.
effects.
A) excellence B) incompetence
A) legalised B) banished D) prohibited C) responsibility D) satisfaction E)
C) excluded E) expelled intimacy
5- They have bought a very graceful little 10- I don't know how to tell my mother that
wooden building on the outskirts of the I brpke her priceless vase. She had
city. bought it for so much money three years
ago.
A) illustrative C) B) harsh D)
striking awkward A) worthless C) B) valuable
E) invaluable D) precious
tasteful E)
inestimable
ANTONYMOUS WORDS TEST-5 -
1- President believes that the death penalty 6- The war crimes tribunal sentenced three
saves lives and serves as a deterrent to soldiers to life in prison as they opened
crime. fire on defenceless civilians.
2- The new government declared that limits 7- Over the years our economy
on freedom of speech and of the mass has unpreadictablv changed.
media are not permissible.
A) substantially B) slightly
A) prohibited B) individual D) C) foreseeably D) elegantly
C) preferred acceptable E) adequately
E) legitimate
5- I had told you that it would be futile to 10- A local play area in our city is becoming
argue with her, but you didn't listen to dangerous for young children because of
me. litter, a lack of supervision and unsafe
equipment.
A) pleasing C) B) fruitful
arbitrary D) abortive A) delicate B) uneven
E) C) appropriate D) secure
intense E) durable
te
st
y
o
u
r
VOCABULARY
TEST YOUR VOCAULARY TEST-1-
1- After hearing a tornado warning, our 6- Phobias are often hard to ........ from
family took......... in the basement other anxiety disorders.
2- Jane didn't ........ the party's rules, so the 7- Nature.......... about 95% of greenhouse
members demanded her expulsion. gases, while humans are responsible for
only 5%.
A)obey C) conceive B) rely D)
imitate A) discovers C) emits B) forces
E) D) receives
E)
break
consumes
3- The current president is......... criticised 8- I don't like the way he.......... his friends.
for lack of initiative in taking gun control. He is very rude towards them.
4- Their new son has shown the symptoms 9- Sweden has one of the lowest
of Down's Syndrome, so his life ........ is unemployment ........among the
short. developed countries.
5- During the war our twenty-three soldiers 10- Reproduction is the most important
were held......... by the enemy. ....... of living things.
1- Some people who were once rather In the town of Bhavnagar, mobs. . . . . . . . fire
famous are now. . . . . . . . . . . forgotten. to shops and trucks on a highway and
clashed with police who opened fire.
A) distinctly B) completely D)
A) put B) made D) took
C) vividly eventually E) clearly
Qhit E)set
Last year European countries. .... greatly 7- People in a country begin suffering
from wild weather conditions. considerably if their leaders......... their
powers.
A) heated C) bothered B) endured
E) D) troubled A) abuse B) define D) explain E)
suffered C) grant broaden
After a brief rest and a snack, the climbers 8- Buddhism was . . . . . . . . . by Siddhartha
went on their . . . . . . .
Gautama in Nepal and is 2,500 years old.
1- The issue of the abolition of death has 6- Her........ departure astonished us all. We
been put into ....... once more. had expected her to stay five days more.
A) reality B)agenda D) charge
A) severe B) persistent
Qfear E) truth
C) rough D) cautious
E) abrupt
1- Music can be a.........: for relaxation, for The doctor told him to....... totally from
stimulation and for communication. alcohol; otherwise, he would never get
well.
A) device B) track
C) tool D) reverence A) stick B) adhere D) abstain
E) favour C) suffer E) attain
2- Angela is.......... at getting out of helping 7- His idea was found absolutely .........
her mother with the washing-up. during the board meeting, so all of the
members burst out laughing.
A) sufficient B) expert
A) absurd C) B) valuable
C) courageousD) contributory E)
reasonable D) worthy
shy
E)
meaningful
3- The youth had prepared extremely well 8- This summer tomato was incredibly
to ........ against the policy of the cheap because of its.........
government about education.
A) price B)abundance D) scarcity
A) bribe B) revolt D) eliminate E) C) density E) location
C) destroy protect
4- As it turned out, the........... about a new 9- She gave herself .......to sadness after
tax we're right The government was
losing her husband.
preparing a new tax because revenues
were still too low. A) utterly B) previously D) adequately
C) fiercely E) blissfully
A) replies B) outlooks
C) prohibitions D) rumours
E) compliments
5- The passengers became extremely........ 10- In this small city, the ....... o f
when the bus-driver stopped to get some accommodation poses tremendous
more passengers even though the bus difficulty to university students whose
was filled to peak capacity. number has exceeded 15,000.
1- Mr. Wright employs in his works a talent The Minister of Energy had to face
in some respects comparable to that of charges of . . . . . . the resources of the
Hemingway to . . . . . . . . his fellows to unite country.
and fight against the enemy.
A) benefiting C) B) utilising
A) arise B) rouse D) raise abusing D) evaluate
C) rise E)rasp E)
adding
A) delay B) accelerate
C) cancel D) maintain
E) rise
1- I have prepared reading assignments which 6- The boy insisted that he broke the vase by
are suitable for children with reading ages accident, but his mother claimed that it was
........ between 8 years and above 13 years. totally..........
2- Ecology is the study of the relationships that 7- An ......... is a written statement which you
..........between organisms and their swear is true and which may be used as
environment. evidence in a court of law.
A) define B) sustain A) application B) oath
C)endanger D) stabilize C) confirmation D) verdict E)
E) exist affidavit
4- She gazed with deep ......... at him and then She suggests that there is a natural .......
told him that she fell in love with him. between Asian and British women. They
share some characteristics.
A) hatred B) inspiration
A) propensity C) B) tendency
C) opinion D) consideration
affinity D) mystery
E) affection
E) reliability
5- The police had faced with considerable 10- The enemy gained victory over us
difficulty while trying to gain........ to the particularly due to their massive aerial
building that was reported being used by the attacks.
Mafia.
1- One of the deputies definitely ........ that He has been living in a(n) ................
the freedom of speech should be granted neighborhood since he won the lottery.
to everybody.
A) proficient C) B) vacant
A) approves C) B) secures D) abundant
gloomy
renders D) affirms
E)
E) attributes
affluent
A) reprimanded B) indulge
C) retain D) extend A) pitiful C) civilized B) pacifist
E) aid E) D) brutal
humane
On account of the hot weather, most of 9- Since he moved to Canada, he has had
the country was afflicted by............ difficulty.......... himself to the cold
climate.
A) irrigation C) B) drought
breeze D) harvest A) enjoying B) admiring D)
E) C) adopting acclimatizing
inundation E) attaining
5- High mortality rates among the African 10- The landlord tried hard to assure the
countries.......... particularly children. tenants that his house could........ six
people comfortably.
A) perish C) rejoice B) vanish
E) slay D) afflict A) feed B) magnify
C) accommodate D) rent
E) obtain
TEST YOUR VOCABULARY TEiiT-8-
1- Police said, because of tlie riots last week, 6- I told him to kick constantly so that he
could stay.......... Otherwise, he would
80 police officers were injured and
most probably sink.
several vehicles......... alight.
A) put B)set A) relaxed B) exhausted
C) made D) took C) afloat D) malignant
E) placed E) precarious
2- A row between two women outside a 7- Jane is suffering from a ......... disease.
primary school............ into two nights
of rioting. This disease will most likely lead to her
A) won C) B) acquired D)
A) set B) come
declared obtained E)
Qbeen D) made
preserved
E)put
1- Our country imports oil from countries 6- This machine........ only tokens. Don't
that are ........ in petroleum. try to insert any banknote.
A) consumes B) reserves
A) miserable B) exhausted C) hides D) likes
C)abundant D) scarce E) accepts
E) efficient
A) admired B) appealed
C) underestimated D) decided E)
charged
A) ignored B) supported D) decreased 10- I am only ....... with him. Don't ask me to
C) acquired E) accentuated tell you many things about him, please.
A) frightened C) B) angry
worried D)engaged
E)
acquainted
TEST YOUR VOCABULARY TEST-10-
1- The people living in the........ flat are 6- The Turkish coach......... tremendous
always in conflict with the inhabitants of admiration of his country because he was
our apartment. the first Turkish coach to train one of the
biggest teams in Europe.
A)upon B) nearly D) adjacent
C) behind E) over A) filled B) took D) deserved
D) begot E) held
A word formed from initial letters of 7- One who inspects or keeps financial
other word is called.......... accounts is called.........
3- According to the police reports, apart The teacher and her colleagues discussed
from the minister, there were sixty ..... the accuracy of the question at great
involved in the scandal.
5- Soon after beginning to suffer from. 10- Yesterday on my way to the library, I
throat, Joseph lost his voice. ...... into one of my acquaintances.
1- The water in this river only reaches your I asked my students to write an article for
......... so you can easily cross it. their school magazine about the problem
of bullying in their school and suggest
A) ingredients B) bowels ways to . . . . . . . . . it.
C) forehead D) skull
E) belly A) apply B) maintain D) overtake
C) combat E) utilise
3- The house had been........ for two hours 8- Meteorologists are, in........... of
till the firemen arrived. prediction, much more advanced than
any other science.
A) enormous B) genuine D)
C) ablaze enthusiastic A) means B) reason D) terms E) principles
C) falsity
E) exhilarating
It's quite . . . . . that he hasn't talked to 9- Greeks are. . . . . . . . the world's biggest per
anybody for ten days. Normally, he is so capita consumers of olive oil.
talkative.
A) at all C) B) at random
A) cruel B) usual D) in distress D) at odds
C) typical abnormal E) by far
E) chatty
5- There were more than 300 passengers 10- During the late 1960s and early 1970s
aboard the ship, which. . . . . die America's involvement in the Vietnam
maximum capacity and caused the ship war increased significantly.
to sink.
A) involovement B) excitement
A)supported B) exceeded D) C) predicament D) premise E)
C) blocked developed supposition
E) measured
TEST YOUR VOCABULARY EXAMPLES FROM YDS
1- During a family discussion on our next 6- They had to call in troops to . . . . . . the
holiday plans, my father asked me for forest fire which was spreading rapidly.
my----
A) get out B) put out D) break down
A) opposition B) reason, C) hold up E) hand out
C) disappointment D) suggestion
E) denial
They . . . . . . . that their team is far better 7- Several of my friends have entered the
than ours and they expect to win the . . . . . . . . , but none of them expects to win.
forthcoming match.
5- It took me a long time to translate his 10- The survivors of the shipwreck who
business letter as I had to . . . . . . . . so many were able to reach the land, decided to
words in the dictionary. ..... . . . a fire and wait to be rescued.
A) make B)do
A) make up B) turn over C) show D)set
C)look up D) get off E)put
E) take up
TEST YOUR VOCABULARY EXAMPLES FROM YDS
12- I couldn't.......... why they were 17- My car . . . . . . as I was on my way to pfck
shouting so loudly. up the children from school.
A) set up B) keep up
A) got off B) broke down
C) rely on D) make out
C) let down D) gave in
E) put off
E) took off
A) reaching B) expanding
C) exploring D) exceeding
E) disturbing
A) enthusiastic B) comprehensive
C) relevant D) indifferent
E) convenient
AQIKLAMASIZ CEVAP ANAHTARI
COMPREHENSION PASSAGES
1- A 2-D 3-A 4-C 5- D 6- E 7-A 8 -A 9-D 10- B Il-E 12- B 13-C 14- E 15-D 16- D 17-E 18- B 19-
E 20-C 2I-A 22-C 23-E 24-A 25- B 26-D 27-E 28-B 29-D 30 -A 31-E 32-D 33- E 34-A 35-D 36-
B 37- E 38-A 39- D 40- B 41-C 42-E 43-D 44- C 45-D 46-E 47- B 48-A 49-C 50-D 51-A 52-E 53-
C 54- B 55- E 56-C 57-B 58-A 59-D 60-C 61- B 62- C 63- E
ODD-ONE-OUT
1-A 2-D 3-B 4-D 5-B 6-C 7-E 8-D 9-C 10-E
1-E 2-A 3-C 4-D 5-C 6-B 7-A 8-D 9-A 10-D
1-C 2- B 3-D 4- D 5-A 6-C 7- D 8- B 9-C 10-D 11-B 12-D 13-C 14- B 15- C 16- B 17-C 18-E
PARAGRAPH COMPLETION
1-C 2-E 3-B 4-B 5-D 6-C 7-A 8-D 9- B 10-A 11-C 12-E 13- B 14-A 15-D 16-E 17-C 18-B
SENTENCE COMPLETION
1-E 2-A 3-C 4-C 5-A 6-C 7-E 8-B 9-D 10-A 11-D 12-B l-C 2-A 3-C
1-C 2-B 3-E 4-D 5-A 6-C 7-B 8-A 9-E 30-C 11-D 12- B I3-D 14-E 15-A 16-C 17-B 18-D
CLOSEST MEANING
l- E 2- A 3 - B 4- D 5- E 6- B 7-A 8 - D
1-C 2-D 3- E 4- B 5-A 6-A 7-D 8-C 9-B 10-D 11-A12-E 13-D 14-C 15-
4. PARAGRAF
2. PARAGRAF
A) 1-discrimination 2-amended 3-grounds
A) 1-composed 2-early 3-distinguished 4-unlawful
4-entertainment
B) Ic 2d 3a 4 b
B) I b 2 d 3 a 4 c
4. PARAGRAF
2. PARAGRAF
A) 1-served 2-major 3-commercial
4-shaped • A) 1-decent 2-sprungup 3-make ends meet
4-in touch 5-advice
B)lc 2d 3b 4a
B)ld 2a 3b 4e 5c
2. PARAGRAF 4. PARAGRAF
1. PARAGRAF 1. PARAGRAF
A) 1-attempt / intend 2-counselling A) 1-available 2-entirely 3-separate
3-suicidal 4-esdmates 5- intend / attempt 4-examined 5-concluded 6-accurate
B)1c 2d 3b 4e 5a B) Ic 2d 3e 4a 5f 6b
2. PARAGRAF
2. PARAGRAF
A) i-commercial 2-likely 3-is reflected
A) 1-revealed 2-coverage 3-stark 4-feature 4-extensive 5-yeoman
B)Ic 2d 3b 4a B)Id 2e 3b 4 a 5 c
3.PARAGRAF
3. PARAGRAF
A) 1-advances 2-virtually 3-giant
A) 1-captured 2-harbor 3-extraterrestrial 4- 4-fbrtunate 5-secured
theorized 5-evidence B)Ic 2a 3d 4e 5b
B)1c 2d 3a 4e 5b 4. PARAGRAF
SYNONYMOUS WORDS
ANTONYMOUS WORDS
1 -C 2 -A 3 -E 4 -C 5 -D 6 -D 7-A 8 -C 9 -E 10 -B
1 -D 2 -A 3 -C 4 -E 5 -E 6 -B 7 -D 8 -E 9-A 10 -B
1 -C 2 -B 3 -B 4 -D 5 -E 6 -D 7-A 8 -B 9 -A 10 -E
1 -D 2-E 3 -C 4 -E 5 -D 6 -B 7-E 8 -A 9 -C 1 0 -A
2 -E 3 -A 4 -E 5 -E 6 -C 7 -D 8 -B 9 -C 10 -E
J1-C 2-B 3-8 4-D 5-E 6-B 7-E 8-C 9-C 10-C
1-D 2-A 3-C 4-E 5-C 6- B 7-C 8- E 9-B 10-A 1I- C 12-D 13-E