ADDIS ABABA UNIVERSITY

INSTITUTE OF TECHNOLOGY

SCHOOL OF CIVIL AND ENVIRONMENTAL ENGINEERING

STREAM OF WATER SUPPLY AND ENVIRONMENTAL ENGINEERING

WATER RESOURCES SYSTEMS PLANNING AND MANAGEMENT

ASSIGNMENT 2

By ASHENAFI ZINABIE GSR/1340/08

Submitted to Dr.Ing. Dereje Hailu

JUNE 28, 2016

1. Compute the storage yield function for single reservoir system by the mass diagram and
modified sequent peak methods given the following sequences of annual flows (7, 3, 5, 1, 2, 5,
6, 3, 4).
 WATER RESOURCES PLANNING AND MANAGEMENT ASSIGNMENT -2 2016

Solution:

T 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9

Q 7 3 5 1 2 5 6 3 4

Max storage yield value will be:

n

R= 
Q
36
i 1
 4
n 9
i. By sequent peak methods
For R= 1 Kmin= 0
For R= 2 Kmin= 1
For R= 3 Kmin= 3
For R= 4 Kmin= 5
- Sample calculation

K = Kt-1+Rt-
Year Release R(t) Inflow Q(t) Kt-1 Qt
1 4 7 0 0
2 4 3 0 1
3 4 5 1 0
4 4 1 0 3
5 4 2 3 5
6 4 5 5 4
7 4 6 4 2
8 4 3 2 3
9 4 4 3 3
1 4 7 3 0

ii. By mass diagram

For release 1 minimum storage capacity will be 0
For release 2 minimum storage capacity will be 0.8
For release 3 minimum storage capacity will be 2.2
For release 4 minimum storage capacity will be 3.1

Sample calculation

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Year Annual in flow Cumulative in flow Average Demand Cumulative demand

1 7 7 4 4
2 3 10 4 5
3 5 15 4 6
4 1 16 4 7
5 2 18 4 8
6 5 23 4 9
7 6 29 4 10
8 3 32 4 11
9 4 36 4 12

1. Determine the required capacity (k) of the reservoir for each of the given annual yield, given the
inflow data for a 6-year repetitive sequence, as given in the table. Neglecting the evaporation
losses, plot the storage yield function if yield is 5,6,7,8,9,10. Use Lp.

Year 1 2 3 4 5 6
Inflow 16 8 12 4 8 12

Solution:

Plot the storage yield function if yield is:

R 5 6 7 8 9 10

Sample computation for R=5 to minimize capacity of the reservoir LP model will be

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 WATER RESOURCES PLANNING AND MANAGEMENT ASSIGNMENT -2 2016

Min K
Subj St+ Qt-R= St+1 for all t
St =< K for all t
St+1 = S1
S1 + Q1-R = S2 , S1=<K
S2 + Q1-R = S3 S2=<K
S3 + Q1-R = S4 S3=<K
S4 + Q1-R = S5 S4=<K
S5 + Q1-R = S6 S5=<K
S6 + Q1-R = S1 S6=<K

t 1 2 3 4 5 6

Q 16 8 12 4 8 12

R 5 5 5 5 5 5

Q-R 11 3 7 -1 3 7

The overall optimization is done by the following table by Excel solver

optimization
input
s1 s2 s3 s4 s5 s6 k6 function RHS
objective 1
constraint 1 1 -1 0 0 0 0 0 0 11
constraint 2 0 1 -1 0 0 0 0 0 3
constraint 3 0 0 1 -1 0 0 0 0 7
constraint 4 0 0 0 1 -1 0 0 -1 -1
constraint 5 0 0 0 0 1 -1 0 1 3
constraint 6 -1 0 0 0 0 1 0 0 7
constraint 7 1 0 0 0 0 0 -1 -1 0
constraint 8 0 1 0 0 0 0 -1 -1 0
constraint 9 0 0 1 0 0 0 -1 -1 0
constraint 10 0 0 0 1 0 0 -1 -1 0
constraint 11 0 0 0 0 1 0 -1 5.51E-14 0
constraint 12 0 0 0 0 0 1 -1 -1 0
solution s1 s2 s3 s4 s5 s6 k6
0 0 0 0 1 0 1

By the same procedure for the remaining is summarized by the following table

R 5 6 7 8 9 10

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K 1 2 3 4 6 8

2. A reservoir is constructed on a river for supplying the power of a city located near the river and
water demands of the city. The water that is released for power generation can also be used for
supplying water to the city. The required in stream flow is estimated to be 1 million m3 each
month. The total capacity of the reservoir is 10 million m3.maximum monthly releases From the
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reservoir is 7million m3.the table below shows the monthly in flows to a reservoir and benefits of
power generation and water supply. The reservoir storage on Jun 1 is considered to be 5 million
m3.find optimal releases using linear programming.

Monthly inflows to the reservoir and benefits of power generation and power supply in example 8.3

month Inflow Benefits of power Benefits of water

production($1000/mill supply ($1000/mill
m3) m3)

Jun 2 1.6 1

Feb 2 1.7 1.2

Mar 3 1.8 1.8

April 4 1.9 2

May 3 2 2.2

June 2 2 2.2

July 2 2 2.5

Aug 1 1.9 2.2

Sept 2 1.8 1.8

Oct 3 1.7 1.4

November 3 1.6 1.1

Dec 2 1.5 1

Solution:

Objective function max ∑ Rt *(Bpt + Bwst) for all t

Subjected to S t+1=St +Qt - Rt

St ≤ k = 10

Rt ≤ Rmax = 7

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 WATER RESOURCES PLANNING AND MANAGEMENT ASSIGNMENT -2 2016

Rt ≥ 1

S t +1= S1

Where: Bpt is Benefits of power production ($1000/mill m3)

Bwst is Benefits of water supply ($1000/mill m3)

The solution is done using excel solver

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Optimization of release

input
s s s s s s s s s s1 s1 s1 R R R R R R R R R R1 R1 R1 limt
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0 1 2 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0 1 2 function s

objective 113.9

1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 5 5
-
1 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 2 2
-
0 1 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 2 2
-
0 0 1 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 3 3
-
0 0 0 1 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 4 4

0 0 0 0 -1 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 3 3

0 0 0 0 0 -1 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 2 2
-
0 0 0 0 0 0 1 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 2 2
-
0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 1 1
-
0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 0 0 0 2 2

0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 -1 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 0 0 3 3

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0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 -1 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 0 3 3

1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 -1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 2 2

0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 7

0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 7

0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 7

0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 3 7

0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 3 7

0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 7 7

0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 7 7

0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 1 7

0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 0 0 0 2 7

0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 0 0 1 7

0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 0 1 7

0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 1 7

0 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 6 10

0 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 7 10

0 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 9 10

0 0 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 10 10

0 0 0 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 10 10
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0 0 0 0 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 5 10
-3.37E-
0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 80 10

0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 10
6.551E-
0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 12 10

0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 2 10

0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 4 10

0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 1

0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 1

0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 1

0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 3 1

0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 3 1

0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 7 1

0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 7 1

0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 1 1

0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 0 0 0 2 1

0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 0 0 1 1

0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 0 1 1

0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 1 1

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s s s s s s s s s s1 s1 s1 R R R R R R R R R R1 R1 R1
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0 1 2 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0 1 2
2. 3. 3. 4. 4. 4. 3.
0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 3 9 6 9 4 2 5 1 6 3.1 2.7 2.5
1 1 -
5 6 7 9 0 0 5 0 0 0 2 4 1 1 1 3 3 7 7 1 2 1 1 1

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4. A reservoir has a live capacity of 870Mm 3. When possible, a constant release of 150Mm3 is
made from the reservoir during all periods for power generation. If this release in not possible,
all available water in the reservoir is released for power generation. The head available for
power generation is given by h=30.+(s/18) where h is the head in meters and s is the reservoir
storage in Mm3. Assuming an initial storage of 500Mm3 , simulate the power generation from
the reservoir. The inflow during the six periods in a year is 75, 100, 540, 328, 0, 0 Mm3. Assume
the over flow s are not available for power generation and neglect losses.

Solution:

Power in W= * 9810 * Rt * Ht/t

Where: Rt; release

Ht: 30+(S/18)

 : assumed 85% or 0.85

Reservoir continuity equation applied

St+1 = St +Qt - Rt if St + Qt - Rt <= K

= K and spill = K – St + Qt - Rt

And over all simulation is summarized on the following table.

Storage (St) in In flow Release St+1 in Net

Season Mm3 Mm3 Mm3 Mm3 head Spill Power
13.94
1 500 75 150 425 57.78 0
12.93
2 425 100 150 375 53.61 0
12.26
3 375 540 150 765 50.83 0
17.49
4 765 328 150 870 72.50 73
18.90
5 870 0 150 720 78.33 0
16.89
6 720 0 150 570 70.00 0

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5. The monthly reservoir release in 3 years is shown in the table below. The monthly demand downstream of the
reservoir is 10 million m3. Estimate the reliability of the reservoir in supplying 100% of demand s and greater
than 80% demands.

Month Year1(million m3) Year2(million m3) Year3(million m3)

Jun. 10 8 9

Feb. 12 10 11

Mar. 11 11 10

april 8 8 8

May 7 6 5

June 7 7 6

july 8 9 5

augst 10 10 7

sep 11 11 9

oct 10 9 10

nov 11 10 12

Dec 13 12 11

Annual deficit 10 13 21

Solution:

Number of months that 100% of demand available =19 (see the table)

Number of months that 80% of demand available =17 (see the table)

The reliability of supplying 100% of the monthly demand (α100)

α100= Number of months that 100% of demand available = 19/36
total no of month
=19/36*100
=52.7%

The reliability of supplying 80% of the monthly demand (α80)

α80 = Number of months that 80% of demand available = 17/36

total no of month
= 47.22%

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