LTE Basic Features PDF

LTE Basic Features
BY: MOHAMED SAYED IBRAHIM

December 2017
Course Content
• LTE Idle Mode Behavior
• LTE Handover Feature
• LTE CS Fallback
• LTE Scheduling Feature
LTE Optimization BootCamp 2

UE Idle Mode Behaviors
1. UE Idle Mode Overview
2. PLMN Selection Procedure
3. Cell Search & Selection Procedure
4. Cell Reselection Procedure
5. TA Registration
6. Paging Procedure

• A UE that is powered on but does not have an RRC
connection to the radio network is considered to be
in idle mode
• Idle mode management can increase the access
success rate, improve the quality of service, and
ensure that UEs camp on cells with good RX signal
levels and qualities
• In the idle mode, UE can perform:
• PLMN selection
• Cell search & selection
• Cell reselection
• TA update
• Periodic paging monitoring

General UE Initial Procedure
UE eNodeB MME
When Power on UE
1.UE self PLMN

selection
2.Frequency selection
3. Cell search (Obtain
PCI and get DL sync PSS/SSS decoding
If no valid SS, go to step 2
4. Obtain the system
BCCH decoding (MIB/SIBs)
message
5. Cell selection RS measurement
If fails, go to step 2
6. Initial Attachment Initial attachement procedure

(PLMN registion)
PLMN register
RRC connected mode If fails, go to step 1
UE inactive timer No Data to transfer

expires
RRC idle mode

Start cell reselection
procedure

RRC Status Transition
• LTE is capable with “always online” functions,
after initial attach, the default RRC status of the
UE is active.
• There is a timer(UE inactive timer) in eNodeB to
control active to idle transition, when a UE has
neither received nor sent data for a duration
exceeding this period of time, the eNodeB
releases the radio resources for the UE.
UE has no data to send/receive
UE inactive timer expires
RRC-Active RRC-Idle
5. TA Registration
6. Paging Procedure

PLMN Selection Procedure
Start
The UE is powered on or
recovers from lack of
coverage.
The UE attempts to select

the last registered PLMN.
The UE performs a cell

selection procedure.
The UE searches for

Is the registration on the NO
NO another PLMN according to
selected PLMN successful? the information in the
USIM.
YES
YES
End

Priority of Automatic PLMN Selection
• Scenario 1: Initial PLMN selection, with no RPLMN
information
• UE AS initiate cell search, read all the PLMN from SIB1, and
report it to UE NAS
• UE NAS will select one of them based on the predefined
priority
• Scenario 2: If RPLMN exists, UE will select this PLMN
and start cell search with last frequency, if no valid
cell was found all PLMN registration fails, then UE
goes back to initial PLMN selection

5. TA Registration
6. Paging Procedure

Cell Search Procedure
Slot synchronization
Frame synchronization and PCI

identification
System message reception and RS

measurement

SS Search
Subframe
PSS0
PSS1
PSS2
Correlation
Device can identify Cell ID and frame
timing
SSS Scrambling
Length 31 Sequence
Cyclic Shift based on Scrambling
NID(1) sequence z
s0 (m0) s1(m1) s1(m1) s0(m0)
c0 c1 and z1(m0) c0 c1 and z1(m1)
Subframe 0 Subframe 5
62 interleaved Scrambling sequence c0
bits and c1 based on NID(2)

System Message Reception
• After SS decoding, UE turns to BCCH logic channel
to acquires all the necessary information for the
further network access and operation.
• Classification of system message
• MIB(Master Info Block): There is only one MIB, is
carried by PBCH
• SIB: Up to 20 SIBs can be delivered by PDSCH, SIB1 and
SIB2 are mandatory

General SIB Information
Type Contents
SIB1 Cell selection and camp related parameters ，SI period for other SIBs.
SIB2 Basic radio parameters
SIB3 Common parameters for cell reselection
Intra-frequency neighbor list; Neighbor reselection parameters; Neighbor
SIB4
black list
Inter-frequency list and corresponding cell reselection parameters
Inter-frequency neighbor list and corresponding cell reselection
SIB5
parameters
Inter-frequency black list
SI
SIB6 UMTS frequency list and neighbor list
SIB7 GSM frequency list and neighbor list
SIB8 CDMA2000 frequency list and neighbor list
SIB9 Home eNodeB information
SIB10 ETWS primary notification
SIB11 ETWS secondary notification
SIB12 CMAS notification
SIB13 MBMS control information
SIB Mapping & Delivery
• SIBs are mapping on PDSCH: SIB1 and SIB2 are
mandatory, and others are optional.
• Period of SIBs
• SIB1: 80ms
• From SIB2 to SIB8, SIB10 to SIB13, SIB15 and SIB16: It is
a flexible period, with 80,160,320,1280,2560 and
5120ms .
• The scheduling period of the SIB1 is fixed to 80 ms. The
first transmission of the SIB1 is scheduled in subframe 5 of
radio frames for which the SFN mod 8 = 0, and repetitions
are scheduled in subframe 5 of the later radio frames for
which SFN mod 2 = 0 in each period.

Initial System Message Reception
Scenario
• A UE firstly reads the SI messages in the following
scenarios:
• After cell search
• After UE reselect a new cell
• After handover in a new cell
• UE enters E-UTRAN from other RAT
• UE returns to coverage area from non-coverage area

System Message Update Scenario
• After obtaining the SI message properly, the UE
does not read the message repeatedly. It rereads
and updates the SI message only in the following
scenarios:
• The UE receives the SI message change notification in
the paging message
• The UE receives the SI message 3 hours after receiving
an SI message

RS Measurement
• After receiving all necessary system messages, UE
start to measure RS for cell selection and
reselection
• The following quantity should be evaluated for UE
idle status measurement
• RSRP: RS receiving power
• RSRQ: RS receiving quality
• RSRQ= N *RSRP/RSSI (N indicates the number of RS RE
in one sysmble)

Cell Selection and Reselection

Cell Selection Criteria
Criteria for cell selection

Srxlev > 0 and Squal > 0
Srxlev = Qrxlevmeas - (Qrxlevmin + Qrxlevminoffset) – Pcompensation
Squal = Qqualmeas – (Qqualmin + Qqualminoffset)

5. TA Registration
6. Paging Procedure

Cell Reselection Introduction
• The signal strength of both serving cell and
neighboring cells varies with the movement of a
UE and so the UE needs to select the most
suitable cell to camp on. This process is called cell
reselection which is considered as UE mobility
management in idle mode.
• Cell reselection process:
• Measurement start criteria
• Cell reselection criteria

Priority Setting
• The priorities of inter-frequency and inter-RAT are
classified into two types:
• Absolute priority
• Static configuration
• Dedicated priority
• Temporarily configured by RRC for some dedicated UEs

Absolute Priority Configuration
• CellReselPriority
• Parameter name: Cell reselection priority
• Recommended value:
• LTE frequency band: 5,6,7
• UMTS frequency band: 3,4
• GERAN/CDMA frequency band: 0,1,2
• Note:
• Different RAT can not use the same priority.

Frequency Priority Handling for
Measurement
• Intra-frequency neighbor measurement
• The priority is the same between source cell and
neighbor cell, so UE will ignore it.
• Inter-frequency and inter-RAT neighbor
measurement
• UE will take the priority between source cell and
neighbor cell for the measurement

Intra-Frequency Measurement Criteria
• If the intra frequency measurement triggering
threshold is not configured, the UE always
performs intra frequency measurements.
• If the intra frequency measurement triggering
threshold is configured:
• Srxlev > SIntraSearch AND Squal > SIntraSearchQ the
UE dose not perform intra frequency measurement
• Srxlev ≤SintraSearch OR Squal ≤ SIntraSearchQ, the UE
perform intra frequency measurement

Inter Frequency/RAT Measurement
Criteria
• For the neighbors with higher priority
• The UE always perform inter frequency /RAT
measurement
• For the neighbor with lower or equal priority
• If the threshold is not configured, the UE always
perform inter frequency/RAT measurement
• If the threshold is configured :
• When Srxlev > SNonIntraSearch AND Squal >
SNonIntraSearchQ, UE does not perform inter frequency/RAT
measurement
• When Srxlev ≤ SnonIntraSearch OR Squal ≤ SNonIntraSearchQ
UE perform inter frequency /RAT measurement

Intra Frequency/ Equal-Priority Cell
Reselection Criteria
Rxlev Qmeas,n
R_N
Qhyst
CellQoffset R_S
Qmeas,s
Time
TReselEutran
EutranReselTime
 Reselection Criteria: R_N > R_S
 R_N = Qmeas,n - CellQoffset
 R_S = Qmeas,s + Qhyst

QualityHigh Priority Cell Reselection
Level Criteria
Squal
Srxlev
ThreshXHighQ ThreshXHigh
Time Time
TReselection TReselection
 Criteria for Rx quality based (only for LTE & UMTS FDD):
 Squal >ThreshXHighQ
 Criteria for Rx level based (For all system) :
 Srxlev > ThreshXHigh

Low Priority Cell Reselection Criteria
Quality Level
Squal_N Srxlev_N
ThreshXLowQ ThreshXLow
ThreshServLowQ ThreshServLow
Squal_S Srxlev_S
Time Time
TReselection TReselection
 Criteria based on Rx quality (only for LTE & UMTS FDD):
 Squal_S < ThrshServLowQ AND Squal_N > ThreshXLowQ
 Criteria based on Rx level (for all system)
 Srxlev_S < ThrshServLow AND Srxlev_N > ThreshXLow

5. TA Registration
6. Paging Procedure

Tracking Area Registration
• TA in SIB1:
• A UE informs the EPC of its Tracking Area in two ways:

• Attach/Detach
• TA update (OR better to say TAL update)
TA Update Triggering
• TA updates are performed in the following situations:
• The UE detects a new TAL
• The periodic TA update timer expires
• The UE performs reselection to an E-UTRAN cell from
another RAT

5. TA Registration
6. Paging Procedure

Trigger of Paging
• Triggered by MME
• MME initiates a paging message according to the TAL
information in the message, the eNodeB transmits the
paging message over the PCCH to the UE in all the cells
belonging to the TAs in the TAL
• Triggered by eNodeB
• When the SI message changes, the eNodeB transmits a
paging message to notify all the UEs in the EMM-
REGISTERED state in the cell and transmits the updated
SI message in the next SI message modification period

Paging Mechanism
• PF: Paging frame, in one paging cycle , there could be many paging
frames, depends on NB configuration
• PO: Paging occasion, is the paging subframe for each UE
Paging Frame and Paging Occasion
• The SFN of a PF is derived from the following formula:

• SFN mod T = (T div N) x (UE_ID mod N)
• The subframe number i_s of a PO is derived from the following formula:

• i_s =Floor (UE_ID/N) mod Ns
• N is min(T,NB). The NB parameter specifies the number of PO subframes in a DRX cycle.

Based on the actual configuration on the eNodeB, NB can be set to 4T, 2T, T, T/2, T/4, T/8,
T/16, or T/32
 Ns is max(1,NB/T).
 UE_ID is IMSI mod 1024

Course Content
• LTE CS Fallback

Mobility Management Overview
Mobility Management
Idle State Connected State
Cell Reselection Handover Redirection
Intra-frequency Inter-frequency Inter-RAT

Handover Procedure & Entities
• Four phases including measurement triggering,
signal measurement, handover decision and
execution

Measurement Configuration
RRC Conn Reconfiguration
• Measurement configuration is configured at

eNodeB, and delivered to UE via RRC connection
reconfiguration, after radio bearer setup
• Measurement configuration includes
measurement object, measurement event (and
parameters) and common configuration
(measurement filtering and measurement gap)
Measurement Object
 The measured information includes the target frequency & target cell.
 The eNodeB selects the target frequencies or cells to be measured
 Each measurement object is assigned with a measurement object ID

Measurement Event
Events Threshold Action
Signal quality in the serving cell is higher than a specified eNodeB stops inter-frequency or inter-
A1
threshold RAT measurements.
Signal quality in the serving cell is lower than a specified eNodeB starts inter-frequency or inter-
A2
threshold RAT measurements
Signal quality in at least one intra-frequency/inter- Source eNodeB sends an intra-
A3 frequency neighboring cell is higher than that in the frequency/inter-frequency handover
serving cell request.
Signal quality is higher than a specified threshold in at Source eNodeB sends an inter-
A4
least one inter-frequency neighboring cell frequency handover request.
Signal quality of the serving cell is lower than threshold 1

Source eNodeB sends an inter-
A5 and the signal quality of a neighboring cell is higher than
frequency handover request.
threshold
Signal quality is higher than a specified threshold in at Source eNodeB sends an inter-RAT
B1
least one inter-RAT neighboring cell handover request.
Signal quality of the serving cell is lower than a threshold

Source eNodeB sends an inter-RAT
B2 and the signal quality of a neighboring cell is higher than
handover request.
another threshold.
Measurement Report
Measurement Report
How to differentiate each measurement report??
• In the measurement report, it shows the ID to

indicate the type of report
Measurement Gap
• The gap is a time period during which the UE
performs measurements on a neighboring
frequency
• Two measurement gap patterns are available:
pattern 1 and pattern 2, specified by parameter
GapPatternType

Measurement Gap Activation &
Deactivation
Measurement Activate Measurement Deactivate
• After eNodeB receive the report of A2/A1, it will

activate or stop inter-frequency measurement via
another RRC reconfiguration message

Target Cell Decision
Candidate Cell List Generation
Decide target cell
• Candidate cell list generated based on:

• Measurement-based handover – Candidates cells sorted based on
signal quality in descending order
• Blind handover – eNodeB generates cell list based on blind-
handover priority.
• Following cells are excluded:

• Blacklisted neighboring cells
• Neighboring cells that have a different PLMN from the serving cell
if the inter-PLMN handover disabled
• Neighboring cells with a handover prohibition flag
Handover Execution – S1/X2 Adaption
• The eNodeB sends handover requests and
forwards data through the X2 or S1 interface
adaptively

Intra-Frequency Measurement Report –
Event A3
• Event A3 indicates that the signal quality in a

neighboring cell is better than that in the serving cell:
• Enter condition: Mn – Hys > Ms + A3Off
• Leave condition: Mn + Hys < Ms + A3Off
Typical Handover Flow

Inter-Frequency Handover
Procedure
Measurement Triggers Measurement eNodeB Makes Decision eNodeB Performs
(Coverage Based) Event Triggered Periodical Handover
GAP-Assisted Reporting
UE Reporting Event A2 to Admission Procedure
Measurement
trigger inter-frequency Single or both of RSRP / RSRQ Execution
measurement based on Event Triggered Periodical considered to make decision Retry Mechanism (attempt
coverage Reporting A3/A4/A5 to next target cell in
Single or both of RSRP/RSRQ Via S1 or X2 measurement report list) If
monitored to trigger IF Admission or Handover
measurement Failure
Stop measuring when Event A1
is met

Coverage Based Handover Trigger –
Event A2
• Event A2 indicates that the signal quality of the serving cell is lower
than a threshold:
• Enter condition: Ms + Hys < Specific A2 Threshold
• Leave condition: Ms – Hys > Specific A2 Threshold

Coverage Based Handover Stop – Event
A1
• Event A1 indicates that the signal quality of the serving cell is higher
than a threshold
• Enter condition: Ms - Hys > Specific A1 Threshold
• Leave condition: Ms + Hys < Specific A1 Threshold
Inter-Frequency Measurement – A4
• Event A4 indicates that the signal quality of a neighboring cell is higher

than a threshold:
• Enter condition: Mn + Ofn + Ocn - Hys > A4 Thresh
• Leave condition: Mn + Ofn + Ocn + Hys < A4 Thresh
Inter-Frequency Measurement – A5
• Event A5 indicates that the signal quality of the serving cell is lower than threshold 1
(A5 Threshold) and the signal quality of a neighboring cell is higher than threshold 2 (A4
Threshold):
• Entering condition: Ms + Hys < Thresh1 and Mn + Ofn + Ocn - Hys > Thresh2
• Leave condition: Ms - Hys > Thresh1 or Mn + Ofn + Ocn + Hys < Thresh2
Course Content
• LTE CS Fallback

LTE Voice Solution
VoLTE (with / without SRVCC): Voice
provided by IMS carried on LTE,
handover or roaming to 2G/3G network
Voice & Data on supported.
LTE Concurrently
LTE Voice
Solution
UE performing CS Fallback: UE attach
in LTE, fallback to 2G/3G network for
conversational call (MO/MT)
Data on LTE;
Voice on 2G/3G
CS Domain SVLTE / SGLTE (Dual Mode): UE
connected to two networks
simultaneously, with data carried on LTE
and voice on 2G/3G network.
CSFB Network Architecture
• MSC and MME are the main network nodes in
CSFB network architecture. SGs interface is
introduced between MSC and MME, providing the
functions of mobility management, paging and
SMS sending / receiving
Iu-ps SGSN
UTRAN
Gs
Gb
Uu
GERAN
Iu-cs
S3 MSC
Um A Server
SGs
LTE-Uu S1-MME
UE E-UTRAN MME

MO-CSFB Signaling Procedure – PS
Redirection

MO-CSFB Signaling Procedure – PS
Redirection (Cont.)
Single UE tracing in eNodeB:
From UE CSFB Request

forwarded to MME in
To MME UL
From MME MME instructs
eNodeB for CSFB
To MME
To UE eNodeB release RRC
connection, including
To MME 2G/3G frequency info
From MME
eNodeB releases
To MME UE context

MT-CSFB Signaling Procedure
MSC/
UE eNodeB RNS MME
VLR
IAM
1. SGsAP-PAGING-
REQUEST
2.Paging
3. Extended Service Request 4. SGsAP-SERVICE-

REQUEST
5. Initial UE Context Setup
6. CS call
establishment
procedure
7. Paging Response
8. CS connection establishment procedure

Fast Return Function
• Network Assisted Fast Return: After call completion in
2G/3G network, network includes LTE frequency
information in the “Channel Release” message, and UE
returns to LTE following the information. Network change
is required.

CSFB Algorithm
• Three CSFB to UTRAN algorithms are available
depending on the UE capability and network
capability:
• R8 PS Redirection
• R9 PS Redirection (Flash CSFB)
• PS Handover

CSFB UTRAN Features
• CSFB to UTRAN feature: UE initiates voice service
in E-UTRAN cell, MME sends S1-AP message with
CS Fallback Indicator message to eNodeB,
instructing eNodeB to perform CS service fallback
to the target network.
• Flash CSFB to UTRAN feature: E-UTRAN requested
for SIB of UTRAN cell via RIM request, and sends
E-UTRAN to UTRAN redirection message to UE.
UE initiates access directly to UTRAN without
decoding SIB of UTRAN cell, access delay is
greatly reduced.

CSFB Policy Selection
• CSFB from E-UTRAN to UTRAN can be based on PS handover,
redirection, or flash redirection. Handover policy selection procedure
shown below:

CSFB GERAN Features
• CSFB to GERAN feature: UE initiates voice service in E-
UTRAN cell, MME sends S1-AP message with CS Fallback
Indicator message to eNodeB, instructing eNodeB to
perform CS service fallback to the target network.
• Flash CSFB to GERAN feature: E-UTRAN requested for SIB
of GERAN cell via RIM request, and sends E-UTRAN to
GERAN redirection message to UE. UE initiates access
directly to GERAN without reading SIB of UTRAN cell,
access delay is greatly reduced.

Course Content
• LTE CS Fallback

Selecting UEs for DL Scheduling
eNodeBs support four scheduling policies:
• Maximum carrier-to-interference ratio (Max C/I)
• Round robin (RR)
• Proportional fair (PF)
• Enhanced proportional fair (EPF)

Scheduler Introduction
• UE capability
• QoS parameters Scheduler
（QCI/GBR/AMBR）
QoS Management
CSI(Channel Status Scheduling in each TTI

Indicator) PHY User selection
measurement
process
Buffer status Dynamic scheduling
Scheduling • MCS selection
process
DL power/PHR Priority
handling Resource mapping
ACK/NACK feedback
MCS selection
Retransmission
MIMO scheme
Control
Resource allocation
• Edge band ICIC solution
• Centre band

Scheduling Execution
DCI info
• DCI info for scheduling

• Resource allocation header: indicate allocation type
• Resource assignment block
• MCS (Modulation Coding Scheme)
• MIMO scheme
• NDI( New Data Indication)
• HARQ process number

DL Scheduling Priority
Start
Schedule DL retransmission
Schedule common control
info (Paging & SIBs)
Schedule initial transmission

Schedule semi-persistence
service
Schedule UE-level signaling

MCS Selection
• The eNodeB obtains the ITBS according to the adjusted
CQI.
• If frequency diversity scheduling is used, UE will
adopt full band CQI report
• If frequency selective scheduling is used, UE will adopt
sub_band CQI report
• If CQI adjustment is enabled, the eNodeB adjusts the CQI
reported by the UE and selects an MCS based on the
adjusted CQI, otherwise eNodeB use the original UE CQI
report
• The eNodeB selects IMCS according to the mapping
from ITBS to IMCS. ( Specified in 3GPP)

RB Calculation
• RB calculation:
• The scheduler obtains the amount of data to be
scheduled and the ITBS and estimates the number of RBs
to be scheduled based on the 3GPP specification
• Based on estimate RB number and remaining power,
eNodeB finally decide the RB number

Priority of Non-GBR Packet Scheduling
• The formula for calculating the scheduling priority
of non-GBR services is as follows:
• indicates the delay for the non-GBR service packets to

wait for
scheduling on the eNodeB side.

Frequency Selective Scheduling
UE1 UEn UEn UE2 UEn … UE1 UEn UE2
1 RBG or 1 subband
UE1 12 10 9 6 8 … 13 6 5
UE2 11 12 … 8 10 6 … 6 5 8
…
UEn 10 13 10 9 11 … 10 7 5
• Required aperiod sub_band aperiod CQI report

• Calculate user’s priority in each sub-band with user queue
• Allocate the resource in each sub-band based on user
queue
UL Scheduler in eNodeB

UL Scheduling Overview
UE eNodeB
Scheduling Request
(On PUCCH)
Periodic or Event BSR & PHR (OnPUSCH)
triggered
Scheduling among
UEs
UL grant
Logical Channel
Prioritization &
Multiplexing
UL data
• Scheduling on the uplink is more difficult than on the

downlink
• Limited visibility of quantity of queued data per radio bearer
• Scheduler is unable to offer per-radio bearer grants
UL Scheduling Flow
Allocate resource for Msg3 Schedule UE with unsatisfied GBR
Schedule UE with unsatisfied

Semi-persistent scheduling AMBR
UL HARQ Retransmission Schedule UE for virtual MIMO

scheduling (Optional)
Handling SR message Schedule UE for UL-CoMP

(Optional)
Allocate resource for control plane

UL Scheduling Resource Acquisition
• The PUSCH occupies the available UL resources in
addition to PUCCH and PRACH resources in the
UL bandwidth
• The PUCCH occupies RBs at two ends of a cell
bandwidth, and the number of RBs depends on the
resources used to carry information on the PUCCH.
• The PRACH periodically occupies 6 RBs at an interval
specified by a related parameter. Continuous UL
resources are allocated and the number of allocated
RBs is, where,, and are not minus integers.

UL Scheduling for Initial Transmissions
• UL scheduling for initial transmission performs three
operations:
• Selects UEs for UL scheduling.
• Determines MCSs to be used.
• Determines the number of RBs to be allocated as well as
their positions.
• For UL scheduling, four scheduling policies (Max C/I,

RR, PF,and EPF) identical to those for DL scheduling.
• The only difference is the input for indicating the
channel quality, which is the CQI for the DL and the
SINR for the UL.
Priority in eNodeB UL Scheduler
• After QoS elimination, eNodeB determines the
priority with the following formula:
• eff: Indicates the channel quality, evaluated by SRS

measurement in eNodeB
• r: indicates the historical number of transmitted bits for
the UE per unit of time
• alpha: indicates the capacity adjustment factor for EPF,
same as DL scheduling
•  QCI : indicates the priority weight for each QCI, similar as
DL scheduling
RB Calculation & Allocation
• The PUSCH, physical uplink control channel (PUCCH), and
physical random access channel (PRACH) share the UL
bandwidth resources. Available PUSCH resources vary
with scenarios:
• If the cell serves more than one user, PUCCH and PRACH resources
subtracted from the UL bandwidth resources are equal to available
PUSCH resources.
• The following info are required to determine number of
RB
• Buffer report from UE
• Power headroom report from UE
• QoS satisfaction rate
• UE capability: Maximum data volume in each TTI
• The number of VRB should follow the number 2m.3n.5k , where m,
n, k are not minus integers

UL Preallocation

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LTE Basic Features

BY: MOHAMED SAYED IBRAHIM

LTE Optimization BootCamp 2

LTE Optimization BootCamp 3

LTE Optimization BootCamp 4

1.UE self PLMN

6. Initial Attachment Initial attachement procedure

UE inactive timer No Data to transfer

RRC idle mode

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The UE attempts to select

The UE performs a cell

The UE searches for

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Frame synchronization and PCI

System message reception and RS

LTE Optimization BootCamp 11

c0 c1 and z1(m0) c0 c1 and z1(m1)

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Criteria for cell selection

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 R_N = Qmeas,n - CellQoffset

 R_S = Qmeas,s + Qhyst

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 Criteria for Rx level based (For all system) :

 Srxlev > ThreshXHigh

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 Criteria based on Rx quality (only for LTE & UMTS FDD):

 Squal_S < ThrshServLowQ AND Squal_N > ThreshXLowQ

 Criteria based on Rx level (for all system)

 Srxlev_S < ThrshServLow AND Srxlev_N > ThreshXLow

LTE Optimization BootCamp 32

• A UE informs the EPC of its Tracking Area in two ways:

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• The SFN of a PF is derived from the following formula:

• The subframe number i_s of a PO is derived from the following formula:

• N is min(T,NB). The NB parameter specifies the number of PO subframes in a DRX cycle.

 UE_ID is IMSI mod 1024

LTE Optimization BootCamp 38

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Idle State Connected State

Cell Reselection Handover Redirection

Intra-frequency Inter-frequency Inter-RAT

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