Anaerobic and Aerobic Exercise

By Braden Cummings
Testable Question
1. Will respiratory and heart rate increase after an exercise?
2. Will recovery time be longer after an anaerobic exercise than after a
aerobic exercise?
Hypothesis
1. If a person exercises, then their respiratory and heart rate will be faster
after the exercise than before.

The more the body works, the faster their respiratory and heart rate. This is because cellular
respiration requires more oxygen to enter through the lungs, and a faster circulatory system to
transport oxygen and glucose around the body.

2. If a person does an anaerobic exercise, it will take longer for their body to
recover than after an aerobic exercise.

The harder the exercise, the more the body works, the longer it will take for the body to break
down the lactic acid. The easier the exercise, the less the body works, the faster it takes for the
body to break down lactic acid.

Graphs
Results
1. The testable question was, “Will respiratory and heart rate increase after an exercise?”
The average resting heart rate was 78.7 bpm, and the average post heart rate was
131.3 bpm for a 66.8%. The average resting breathing rate was 21.4 rpm, and the
average post breathing rate was 30 rpm for a 40% change. This data suggests that the
bpm and rpm increase after an exercise. In one experiment, the data was an outlier,
because the resting rpm was 32 rpm, however; after an exercise, it was the same at 32
rpm.
2. The second testable question was, “Will recovery time increase after an anaerobic
exercise than after an aerobic exercise?” For the aerobic exercise, the heart rate
recovery time was 88.47 seconds, and the anaerobic recovery time was 126.11
seconds. For the aerobic, the respiratory rate recovery time was 48.07 seconds, and the
anaerobic respiratory recovery time was 113.68 seconds. This data suggests that the
recovery time for anaerobic exercise is longer than an aerobic exercise. In one
experiment, the data was an outlier because the post aerobic exercise bpm was 118
bpm, however; with the post anaerobic exercise heart rate data was 95 bpm. Based on a
t-test, the data was not statistically significant because it was shown as 0.1175278277,
but more testing needs to be done to affirm the data; however, the T-Test for respiratory
rate was statistically significant.
Explanation
1.The data did support the scientists hypothesis. The reason the body works so hard
about pumping blood and breathing is because of cellular respiration. During exercise, cells
need more O​2​ and glucose, and the release CO​2​ as waste. The Electron Transport Chain takes
place in the inner mitochondrial membrane where chemical processes break it down into 34
ATP. The reason why the body needs so much oxygen during exercise is because the oxygen
is used to carry off used electrons from the electron transport chain. And the reason the heart
beats fast is because it needs to get the blood, which carries oxygen and glucose, around the
body. Cellular respiration helps the body maintain homeostasis by having a good supply of
energy.

2. The data did support the scientist’s hypothesis. The reason it takes longer for the body
to recover after an anaerobic exercise is because it needs more time to recover due to the need
of breaking down lactic acid. During anaerobic exercise, an athlete’s breathing is fast as well as
the athlete’s heartbeat. This is because the athlete’s lungs are trying to get oxygen to be
delivered through the circulatory system, with glucose, to cells. The cells use this to make ATP.
When the athlete finishes an anaerobic exercise, the athlete’s heart and lungs will gradually
slow down. After an intense anaerobic exercise, the athlete may feel sore. This is because of
lactic fermentation. Lactic fermentation happens in muscle cells where NADH gives its electrons
to pyruvate. This creates lactate. Lactic acid is transported through the bloodstream to the liver,
where it is then turned back into pyruvate. This is a negative feedback loop because the body
maintains homeostasis by using the pyruvate back into cellular respiration. But during an
aerobic exercise, the athlete’s breathing and heartbeat won’t be as fast. This is because the
athlete’s body doesn’t need as much ATP, so it doesn't need to work as hard to get oxygen into
the blood and transport it to cells along with glucose. Anaerobic conditions require more time to
recover due to the need of breaking down lactic acid. Another negative feedback loop is sweat..
During exercise, the demand for more ATP increases. When cells breakdown the ATP, heat is
produced. Sensors in the athlete’s body pick up on the core temperature heat and send signals
to the hypothalamus in the brain. The hypothalamus then sends signals to sweat glands in the
skin. When the skin produces sweat, it evaporates and cools the body. This helps the body
regulate its temperature so it doesn't overheat during exercise. Negative feedback loops help
the body maintain homeostasis by helping cellular respiration become more efficient in getting
oxygen and glucose and make CO​2​ as waste.