CHAPTER 4 – DEFENSES OF THE COMMON CARRIER

1. Kinds of Defenses
2. Proximate Causation
2.01 Absences of Causation as a Defense
3. Defenses in the Carriage of Goods
3.01 Exclusivity of Defenses
3.02 Defenses in Carriage of Passengers
4. Fortuitous Event
4.01 Requisites of Fortuitous Event

Case:
1. Philippine American General Insurance Company v. PKS Shipping Company, 401
SCRA 222, April 09, 2003

4.02 Effect of Carrier’s Participation

4.03 Rationale
4.04 Fire
4.05 Storm
4.06 Hijacking

Case:
1. De Guzman v. Court of Appeals, 168 SCRA 612, December 22, 1988

4.07 Mechanical Defects

Case:
1. Son v. Cebu Autobus Co., 94 Phil. 892, April 30, 1954

4.08 Tire Blowouts

4.09 Other Invalid Defenses
5. Public Enemy
6. Nature of Goods and Improper Packing

Cases:
1. Asian Terminals, Inc. v. Simon Enterprises, Inc., 692 SCRA 87, February 27, 2013
2. Belgian Overseas Chartering and Shipping N.V. v. Philippine First Insurance Co.,
Inc., 383 SCRA 23, June 05, 2002

7. Order of Public Authority

8. Defenses in Carriage of Passengers
9. Acts of Employees
9.01 Passenger Has No Duty to Inquire

Case:
1. Silverio Marchan and Philippine Rabbit Bus Co., Inc. v. Arsenio Mendoza,
Leonarda Ilaya, and Zenaida Mendoza, 24 SCRA 888, August 30, 1968

9.02 Rationale
9.03 Theft by Employees

Case:
1. Yu Con v. Ipil, 41 Phil. 770, December 29, 1916

10. Acts of Other Passengers and Third Persons

Case:
 1. Bacarro v. Castaño, 118 SCRA 187, November 05, 1982

11. Acts of Shipper or the Passenger

11.01 Contributory Negligence of the Shipper
11.02 Contributory Negligence of the Passenger
11.03 Causation
11.04 Avoidable Consequences
11.05 Assumption of Risk

Cases:
1. Japan Airlines v. Court of Appeals, 294 SCRA 19, August 07, 1998
2. Calalas v. Court of Appeals, 332 SCRA 356, May 31, 2000

11.06 Doctrine of the Last Clear Chance

Case:
1. Bustamante v. Court of Appeals, 193 SCRA 603, February 06, 1991

12. Notice of Claim

12.01 Claim in Overland Transportation and Coastwise Shipping
12.02 Notice of Claim in International Carriage of Goods by Sea
13. Prescription in Overland Transportation and Coastwise Shipping
13.01 Prescription in International Carriage of Goods
13.02 Prescription and Subrogation
14. Notice of Claim and Prescription in Air Transportation
14.01 Rules under the Warsaw Convention
15. Limiting Stipulations