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Chapter : Geographic Setting and Impacts to the Environment

Geological time with major evolutionary events in the


fossil record
William L. Kruczynski and Pamela J. Fletcher
MYA MYA Era Period Major events
Eon
0 1.8
PHANEROZOI

65
251
65
C

542

145

Geographic Setting and Impacts to the Environment


199

251

299
2500

Adapted from Encyclopedia Britanica and www.enchantedlearning.com


359

4000
444
416

488

4600 542

7KHgeological time scale is a method of relating the timing and relationship between events that have occurred
GXULQJWKHKLVWRU\RIWKH(DUWK7KH(DUWKLVPRUHWKDQELOOLRQ\HDUVROGDQGDQDSSUHFLDWLRQRIWKHH[SDQVH
RIJHRORJLFDOWLPHLVGLIÀFXOWWRYLVXDOL]H7KLVFKDUWVKRZVWKHVHTXHQFHRIPDMRUHYROXWLRQDU\HYHQWVWKDWDSSHDUin the
geologic record. Geologists and earth scientists have used the relationship between layers and types of rocks,
presence of plant and animal fossils, and radioactive dating to assemble a sequence of historical events that have
occurred over geologic time.
Geologic time is divided into four large segments called Eons: Hadean, Archean, 3URWHUR]RLFDQG3KDQHUR]RLF
7KH3KDQHUR]RLF(RQLVGLYLGHGLQWR(UDV3DOHR]RLF0HVR]RLFDQG&HQR]RLF7KHGLYLVLRQVDPRQJ(UDVUHÁHFW
PDMRUFKDQJHVLQWKHIRVVLOUHFRUGLQFOXGLQJWKHH[WLQFWLRQDQGDSSHDUDQFHRIQHZOLIHIRUPV(UDVDUHGLYLGHGLQWRPeriods, a
unit of geologic time in which a single type of rock system is formed. Some Periods are divided into Epochs that
are not shown on this chart, but a discussion of Epochs appears on subsequent pages in this chapter
WKDWVXPPDUL]HWKHFUHDWLRQRIWKH)ORULGDSHQLQVXODWKHJHRORJ\RIVRXWK)ORULGDDQGWKHFloridaKeys, and the appearance
and disappearance of shorelines and coral reefs. 'DWHVIURPWKH,QWHUQDWLRQDO&RPPLVVLRQRQ6WUDWLJUDSK\0<$
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