Faculté de génie Faculty of Engineering

Génie mécanique Mechanical Engineering

MCG2131 - THERMODYNAMICS II

Final Examination Time: 3 hours

22 April 2008 Page 1 of 7
Prof. W. Hallett

Closed book. Non-programmable calculators only allowed. Steam tables, a psychrometric chart and
some equations are provided at the end of the paper; other data are given with the questions.

1. (6 marks total) Descriptive questions - give brief answers in words. No calculations are required.
You may write your answers in point form if you wish.
(a) (2 marks) For an ideal Otto cycle, sketch (i) a P-v diagram; (ii) a T-s diagram. Label the events
in the cycle on each of these diagrams.
(b) (2 marks) A sample of moist air is compressed at constant temperature. How does the relative
humidity change and why?
(c) (2 mark) How does an increase in excess air affect the efficiency of a combustion process?
Explain why.

2. (11 marks total) Ethanol (C2H5OH) burns in a domestic furnace at a pressure of 101.3 kPa
according to the following stoichiometric equation:

C2H5OH + 4.0 (O2 + 3.76 N2) 6 2.0 CO2 + 3.0 H2O + 1.0 O2 + 15.04 N2

The fuel and air enter the furnace at 25°C and the products leave at 40°C. Determine:

(a) (2 marks) the dew point of the products;

(b) (4 marks) the amount of water condensed from the products and the product composition after
condensation, all in kmol/kmol fuel;
(c) (5 marks) the heat transfer from the furnace in MJ/kmol fuel.

Data: Ethanol: molecular mass M = 46 kg/kmol, higher heating value HHV = 31.6 MJ/kg.

Product Enthalpies:
CO2 H2O O2 N2

at 40°C (kJ/kmol) 579 504 441 433

(kJ/kmol) - 43 961 - -
 MCG2131 - THERMODYNAMICS II
Final Examination Time: 3 hours
22 April 2008 Page 2 of 7

3. (12 marks total)

A room is heated and ventilated by the system shown in the sketch. Outside air enters at point 1 at
T1 = 5°C, N1 = 40%, and is mixed with air returning from the room at T5 = 25°C, N5 = 40%. This
air is then heated and humidified with cool liquid water. The pressure is 100 kPa throughout. The
mass flow rate of outside air is = 5 kg dry air/min, while the recirculated air mass flow rate is
also = 5 kg dry air/min.

(a) (5 marks) Determine the temperature and relative humidity of the air at point 2.
(b) (2 marks) Assuming that state 4 and state 5 are the same, show all the processes in the system
on a sketch of a psychrometric chart.
(c) (5 marks) Determine the temperature at point 3 and the heat input required in kW.

A psychrometric chart is provided at the end of this paper.

 MCG2131 - THERMODYNAMICS II
Final Examination Time: 3 hours
22 April 2008 Page 3 of 7

4. (16 marks total)

The sketch shows a fan jet aircraft engine. A large flow of air enters the fan at T1 = 0°C, P1 = 100
kPa, and is compressed in the fan to P2 = 170 kPa. A portion of this air is then split off and is
discharged through a nozzle at the back of the engine (the “bypass” air). The remaining air flow
(the “core” flow) then passes through the rest of the engine, comprising the compressor, the high
pressure (HP) turbine which drives the compressor, and the low pressure (LP) turbine which drives
the fan. The pressure P3 = 4200 kPa, and the temperature T4 = 1400°C. Assume that the isentropic
efficiencies of the fan, the compressor and both turbines are all 0C = 0T = 0.90.

(a) (2 marks) Sketch a T-s diagram for this cycle.

(b) (4 marks) If the exit temperature from the fan T2 = 322.7K, determine the compressor work in
kJ/kg.
(c) (3 marks) Noting that the high pressure turbine drives only the compressor, determine the
temperature T5 at the HP turbine outlet.
(d) (4 marks) Calculate the pressure P5 at the outlet of the HP turbine.
(e) (3 marks) If the core mass flow = 140 kg/s, determine the bypass flow . The low pressure
turbine specific work is wT LP = 480 kJ/kg and the fan specific work is wF = -50.2 kJ/kg.

Use constant specific heat, assuming that for air CP = 1.01 kJ/kg K, k = 1.4.

The numbers are representative of a large jet engine such as the Rolls-Royce Trent 1000.
 MCG2131 - THERMODYNAMICS II
Final Examination Time: 3 hours
22 April 2008 Page 4 of 7

5. (15 marks total)

The sketch shows a steam power cycle with one open feedwater heater. The follow cycle states are
given:

1: saturated liquid at 50°C 4: P4 = 5.0 MPa

2: P2 = 0.3 MPa 5: T5 = 400°C
3: saturated liquid

The isentropic efficiency of both pumps is 0P = 80%, and the isentropic efficiency of both turbines
is 0T = 90%.

(a) (2 marks) Sketch a T-s diagram of the cycle.

(b) (4 marks) Determine the low pressure pump specific work wP LP in kJ/kg and the enthalpy h2 at
the low pressure pump exit.
(c) (4 marks) Determine the high pressure turbine specific work wT HP in kJ/kg and the enthalpy h6
at the high pressure turbine exit.
(d) (5 marks) Calculate the ratio of the mass flow extracted from the turbine to the mass flow
passing through the low pressure pump.

Properties tables are appended to this paper.

Total marks for this paper: 60

 MCG2131 - THERMODYNAMICS II
Final Examination Time: 3 hours
22 April 2008 Page 5 of 7

Steam Tables

Saturated Steam - Temperature Table

T (°C) P (kPa) v f (m 3/kg) h f (kJ/kg) h g (kJ/kg) s f (kJ/kgK) s g (kJ/kg K)

0.01 0.6113 0.001 0.01 2501.4 0.0000 9.1562

5 0.8721 0.001 20.98 2510.6 0.0761 9.0257

10 1.2276 0.001 42.01 2519.8 0.1510 8.9008

15 1.7051 0.001001 62.99 2528.9 0.2245 8.7814

20 2.339 0.001002 83.96 2538.1 0.2966 8.6672

25 3.169 0.001003 104.89 2547.2 0.3674 8.5580

30 4.246 0.001004 125.79 2556.3 0.4369 8.4533

35 5.628 0.001006 146.68 2565.3 0.5053 8.3531

40 7.384 0.001008 167.57 2574.3 0.5725 8.2570

45 9.593 0.001010 188.45 2583.2 0.6387 8.1648

50 12.349 0.001012 209.33 2592.1 0.7038 8.0763

Saturated Steam - Pressure Table

P (kPa) T (°C) v f (m 3/kg) h f (kJ/kg) h g (kJ/kg) s f (kJ/kgK) s g (kJ/kg K)

5 32.88 0.001005 137.82 2561.5 0.4764 8.3951

10 45.81 0.001010 191.83 2584.7 0.6493 8.1502

20 60.06 0.001017 251.4 2609.7 0.8320 7.9085

30 69.10 0.001022 289.23 2625.3 0.9439 7.7686

50 81.33 0.001030 340.49 2645.9 1.0910 7.5939

75 91.78 0.001037 384.39 2663.0 1.2130 7.4564

100 99.63 0.001043 417.46 2675.5 1.3026 7.3594

200 120.23 0.001061 504.70 2706.7 1.5301 7.1271

300 133.55 0.001073 561.47 2725.3 1.6718 6.9919

400 143.63 0.001084 604.74 2738.6 1.7766 6.8959

500 151.86 0.001093 640.23 2748.7 1.8607 6.8213

 MCG2131 - THERMODYNAMICS II
Final Examination Time: 3 hours
22 April 2008 Page 6 of 7

Superheated Water Vapour

P = 5.0 MPa P = 0.3 MPa

T (°C) h (kJ/kg) s (kJ/kg K) T (°C) h (kJ/kg) s (kJ/kg K)

Sat 2794.3 5.9734 Sat 2725.3 6.9919

300 2924.5 6.2084 150 2761.0 7.0778

350 3068.4 6.4493 200 2865.6 7.3115

400 3195.7 6.6459 250 2967.6 7.5166

450 3316.2 6.8186 300 3069.3 7.7022

500 3433.8 6.9759 400 3275.0 8.0330

Equations and Other Data

Isentropic relation for a perfect gas with constant specific heat:

Reversible work done on an incompressible liquid in steady flow:

(Page 7 contained a psychrometric chart - omitted here to keep the file to a reasonable size)