ArcGIS9 GSE2008

Introduction to ArcGIS 9.
X GSE-Addis Ababa
Table of Contents
1 Exploring ArcCatalog, ArcMap, and ArcToolbox ................................................ 1
1.1 Exploring ArcCatalog ..................................................................................... 1
1.1.1 Viewing data in ArcCatalog .................................................................... 1
1.1.2 Managing your data in ArcCatalog ......................................................... 2
1.1.2.1 Creating a new folder ....................................................................... 2
1.1.2.2 Copying an item ............................................................................... 3
1.1.2.3 Renaming an item ............................................................................ 3
1.1.2.4 Deleting an item ............................................................................... 3
1.2 Exploring ArcMap .......................................................................................... 3
1.2.1 Displaying and viewing Spatial Datasets in ArcMap.............................. 4
Exploring data in ArcMap ..................................................................................... 5
1.2.2 Changing how features are drawn ........................................................... 6
1.2.3 Adding labels to a map ............................................................................ 7
1.2.4 Displaying Attribute tables behind the maps .......................................... 7
1.2.5 Querying data in ArcMap ........................................................................ 8
1.2.5.1 Querying a map using the identify button........................................ 8
1.2.5.2 Querying a map using the Find tool ................................................. 8
1.2.5.3 Exporting the Selected data ............................................................. 9
1.2.6 Advanced Query...................................................................................... 9
1.2.6.1 By Attributes .................................................................................... 9
1.2.6.2 Advanced Query by Location ........................................................ 10
1.3 Exploring ArcToolbox .................................................................................. 10
1.3.1 Creating Buffer zones............................................................................ 11
1.3.2 Overlay Analysis: .................................................................................. 11
1.3.2.1 Intersect Overlay: ........................................................................... 11
1.3.2.2 Clip one layer based on another ..................................................... 12
1.3.3 Changing projection from one coordinate system to another ............... 12
1. Georeferencing .................................................................................................... 13
2 Create and edit features using a variety of Arc map editing tools ...................... 14
2.1 Creating new features ................................................................................... 15
2.1.1 Create your shapefile in ArcCatalog ..................................................... 15
2.1.2 Creating new features in ArcMap ......................................................... 16
2.2 Editing existing features ............................................................................... 17
3 Create and edit metadata ..................................................................................... 18
3.1 Adding documentation ................................................................................. 18
3.2 Using Model Builder .................................................................................... 20
4 Cartographic Applications of ArcGIS ................................................................. 22
4.1 Working with Symbology in ArcMap .......................................................... 22
4.1.1 Classifying data ..................................................................................... 22
4.1.1.1 Setting a standard classification method ........................................ 22
4.1.1.2 Editing a class range ...................................................................... 23
4.1.1.3 Deleting a class break .................................................................... 23
4.1.1.4 Excluding features from the classification..................................... 23
4.2 Symbolizing data in Arc map ....................................................................... 24
4.2.1 Symbolizing point data.......................................................................... 24
4.2.2 Symbolizing linear data ......................................................................... 24
© Dagnachew L. & Esayiyas S., AAU 2008 Tel: 0911- 407640 / 242477 i
Introduction to ArcGIS 9.x GSE-Addis Ababa
4.2.3 Symbolizing Areal data ......................................................................... 25

4.2.4 Create Custom symbols ......................................................................... 25
4.3 Preparing Map Layout .................................................................................. 26
4.3.1 Converting labels to map document annotation .................................... 27
4.3.2 Switching to Layout View .................................................................. 27
4.3.3 Setting the page size and printer properties .......................................... 28
4.3.4 Resizing and moving data frame ........................................................... 28
4.4 Inserting Legend, Scale bar, Title… ............................................................. 29
4.4.1 Adding a scalebar .................................................................................. 29
4.4.2 Adding a North arrow ........................................................................... 29
4.4.3 Adding a legend .................................................................................... 30
4.4.4 Adding a title ......................................................................................... 31
4.5 Inserting Grids and Graticules ...................................................................... 31
4.6 Creating a graph and adding it to a layout .................................................... 32
4.7 Printing a map ............................................................................................... 33
4.7.1 Saving a map as a map template......................................................... 33
4.7.2 Exporting your map to other file formats .............................................. 33
4.8 Work with map templates ............................................................................. 33
4.8.1 Opening a temple when you first start ArcMap ................................. 33
4.8.2 Opening a new template while in ArcMap ........................................... 34
5 Extensions of ArcGIS 9.x ................................................................................... 35
5.1 ArcGIS Spatial Analyst ................................................................................ 36
5.1.1 Setting the working directory ................................................................ 37
5.1.2 Distance Measurements......................................................................... 37
5.1.3 Calculating Density ............................................................................... 37
5.1.4 Surface Analysis.................................................................................... 38
5.1.4.1 Interpolation .................................................................................. 38
5.1.4.2 How to create contours .................................................................. 40
5.1.4.3 Map (Raster) Algebra .................................................................... 40
5.1.4.4 Reclassify ....................................................................................... 42
5.1.5 Digital Elevation Model (DEM)Triangulated Irregular Network (TIN) .............. 44
5.1.5.1 Creating a TIN ............................................................................... 44
5.1.5.2 How to derive slope ....................................................................... 45
5.1.5.3 How to derive aspect ...................................................................... 45
6 Hydrological Applications .................................................................................. 46
© Dagnachew L. & Esayiyas S., AAU 2008 Tel: 0911- 407640 / 242477 ii
1 Exploring ArcCatalog, ArcMap, and ArcToolbox
The ArcCatalog application helps you to organize and manage all of your GIS
data. It includes tools for browsing and finding geographic information,
recording, and viewing metadata, quickly viewing any dataset, and defining
the schema structure for your geographic data layers
1.1 Exploring ArcCatalog
1.1.1 Viewing data in ArcCatalog
1. Start Programs ArcGIS ArcCatalog.

2. In the catalog tree navigate to “D:” or “C:” drive (depending on your
working drive) and click the plus sign next to it to expand the contents.
3. Click the plus sign next to folder “GSE2008\GIS\Administration\” to view
the contents of the folder, and then click “Ethio_Wereda”or
“Amhara_Wereda” shapefile
The title bar displays

the location of the selected item
ArcCatalog tree
Display
window
Status bar
© Dagnachew L. & Esayiyas S., AAU 2008 Tel: 0911-407640 / 242477 1

4. Click preview tab. Now the “Ethio _Wereda/Amhara_Wereda” shapefile is

displayed
5. Click the Preview dropdown arrow

and click Table.
Now you can see the feature attribute table for the “Amhara_Wereda” shapefile
To view the metadata (i.e. data about data) Click metadata tab, then
Click Description for example, purpose of the data
Click Spatial and view for example, the coordinate system used
Click Attributes and view attributes such as FID,SHAPE and etc
Ex. Apply the above procedure for the rest of the data in “GSE2008\GIS\...\” folders
1.1.2 Managing your data in ArcCatalog
1.1.2.1 Creating a new folder

1. Right-click “D:” drive point to New, and click Folder.
2. Rename the folder by

typing “GSE2008\GIS_Proj”
over the highlighted text.
3. Press Enter.

1.1.2.2 Copying an item

1. Click “GSE2008\GIS\Administration” folder to
list its content
2. Select all contents

GSE2008\GIS\Administration” except
‘Topo250.tif’ and click the Copy button
(Ctrl + C) or right-click on the selected files to

copy the files
3. Click the “GSE2008\GIS_Proj” folder and

click the Paste button (Ctrl + V).
4. Click on“GSE2008\GIS_Proj” and see data

copied to the folder
1.1.2.3 Renaming an item

1. Click “River”shapefile in the folder “Hydrology” then click File and click
Rename by typing “Amhara_river” then press Enter
1.1.2.4 Deleting an item

1. Click the “Gambela_Towns”shapefile in the folder ”Infrastructure”
2. Click the Delete button to delete.
Note: Once you delete an item you cannot undo the delete. So, be careful!
1.2 Exploring ArcMap
ArcMap is the primary ArcGIS application for displaying,

querying, editing, creating, and analyzing data.

1.2.1 Displaying and viewing Spatial Datasets in ArcMap

1. Start Programs
ArcGIS ArcMap Or if
you have a shortcut for
ArcMap on your
desktop double- click to
start it
2. The ArcMap startup dialog appears click on ‘A new empty map’, click OK
An empty ArcMap window appears
Notice the following window with its various components.

There are different ways of accessing commands in Arcmap: using the Menu bar,
Toolbar and short cuts.
Click to Add
data
Menu Bar
Tool Bar
T
O
Right-Click O
to modify L
Display S
Check to Window
View
Table of
Contents
Cursor Location
3. Click "Add data" button on the ArcMap toolbar to add data

4. In the add data dialog navigate to D:\Amhara_proj\
5. Click Amhara_wereda ,Amhara_River, Amhara_zones click Add data to
display
Or you can drag and drop these data from ArcCatalog.
6. Right-click Amhara_River and Amhara_zones one by one and click remove to
remove the data from ArcMap
Exploring data in ArcMap
You can explore a map in several ways. The Tools toolbar contains frequently
used tools that let you navigate around the map, find features, and get information
about them.
1. Click the Zoom In button and Drag a box around one of the files in
ArcMap to zoom in to it. When you drag a box on the map after clicking the
Zoom In button, the map zooms to the new area.

2. Click the Zoom out button to reduce the size of your map
3. click the Back button to jump back to the previous map extent
4. Click the Full Extent button and see the full extent of the map.
5. Use the pan tool and move the map in the display window
6. Use the selection tool to select features on your map
Take measurement
1. Display ‘Amara_wereda’ in ArcMap
2. Right- click in the display window of ArcMap and click properties
3. In the ‘Data Frame Properties’ click

General tab and set Display unit to
Kilometers
4. Click Ok
5. Place the measure
too at one corner of Amhara_wereda
and click once
6. Move the pointer to the other corner
and double click. The distance is
reported on the status bar
Note: You can save your work as a map

document. Click on File save Browse
to your working directory and type “My First
Doc” Ok
The Next time you start ArcMap click on

“An Existing Map” and “My First Doc”
1.2.2 Changing how features are

drawn

1. Right-click Amhara_Wereda
in the ArcMap table of
contents and click
Properties.
2. Click the ‘Symbology’ tab on

the Properties dialog box.
Click ‘Categories’, and then
click unique values.
3. For ‘Value Field’, click

‘WEREDA’ and click Add
‘All values’
4. Click ‘OK’
1.2.3 Adding labels to a map

1. Right-click
‘Amhara_Wereda’ in the
table of contents.
2. Click ‘properties’
3. Click the ‘Labels’ tab of the

Layer Properties dialog box.
4. Click the dropdown arrow to select the ‘label Field (Text String)’ and click
‘WERED’.
5. Check ‘Label Features in this layer’ in the upper-left Corner of the dialog box
and click OK.
Ex. Define four label classes using the label method. Use Town shapefile. The
classes are REGION, ZONE, WEREDA, and TOWN NAME
1.2.4 Displaying Attribute tables behind the maps

1. Right-click on the
‘Amhara_Wereda’ from
the Table of contents
2. Click ‘Open Attribute Table’
3. Click on the left-most cell at the beginning of a row to select it
4. Click the Selected button to move all of the selected records to the top so that
you can view the information easily.
5. To clear what is selected, go to the Selection

menu, Clear Selected Features. This will not
remove the features, but just unselects them.
6. Close the attribute table
1.2.5 Querying data in ArcMap

1.2.5.1 Querying a map using the identify button
1. Click on the identify button / /button from the ArcMap tools
2 Click anywhere inside Amhara_wereda map
3. An information window pops up with info about the selected feature
1.2.5.2 Querying a map using the Find

tool
1. Click the Find tool
2. In the find window, for find click

‘DEBUB GONDER’

3. For in, click ‘Amhara_Zones’
4. Right-click a raw in the context menu, then ‘Select feature(s)’ option. The
feature is selected
1.2.5.3 Exporting the Selected data

Once you have selected a feature from a layer, you can export only the selected
features to a new file. To do so:
1. Right click on ‘Amhara_Zones’ in the table of contents
2. Click Data then click Export Data
3. Then navigate to D:\GSE2008\GIS_Proj\
then type Debub_Gonder_Zone as output file
name
1.2.6 Advanced Query
1.2.6.1 By Attributes
1. On the menu bar , click selection Select
By attributes
2. For Layer, click Amhara_Zone
3. Method: Create a new selection
4. Double-click on “ZONES” in the Fields

box
5. Click the ‘=’ sign once from the list of operators
6. to get the complete list, Click on ‘Get Unique values’ box
7. For unique values, double-click DEBUB GONDER
8. Click Apply
9. If any syntax error, click Clear and start again
In the display areas; observe that DEBUB GONDER is highlighted
10. On the select by attribute dialog, click Close.

1.2.6.2 Advanced Query by Location

While the DEBUB GONDER is still selected
1) On the menu bar, click selection
Select By Location
2) In the field I want to: choose ‘select
features from’
3) Check Amhara_Wereda under ‘the
following layers’
4) In the field that: select, ‘are contained
by’
5) In the field the features in this layer:
select, ‘Amhara_Zone’
6) Use selected features should be
checked.
7) Click Apply, Close.
8) On the menu bar click Selection, and then click Clear Selected Feature. This
unselects the selected features!
In the display areas; observe that all Amhara_Weredas in DEBUB GONDER are
highlighted.
Ex. Apply the above procedures and do the same for other
Oromia_Zone, SNNP_Zone, Tigray_Zone,. Etc
1.3 Exploring ArcToolbox
ArcToolbox provides you with tools for data conversion, managing coordinate
systems, changing map projection, Cartography Tools, Spatial Analyst Tools, etc.
To start ArcToolBox, click on its button from ArcMap:

1.3.1 Creating Buffer zones

Buffers create a zone of specified distance a feature. This allows analyzing proximity
of other features. You can make buffers around point, line or polygon features.
1. Click on ArcToolbox window from the

Toolbar of ArcMap
2. Double-Click on ‘Analysis Tools’

Proximity Buffer
3. Click on Box in front of Input feature

Browse
D:\GSE2008\Infrastructure\Amhara_Roads
4. Click on Box in front of Output feature Class

Browse D:\GSE2008\GIS_Proj\and type
5kmRoad_buf as a file name
5. Select Kilometers for the distance Unit from

the dropdown list under Linear Unit
6. Type the buffer distance =5
7. Choose any of the optional items OK
1.3.2 Overlay Analysis:
1.3.2.1 Intersect Overlay:

This operation represents the Boolean AND operation.
1. Click the ArcToolbox Analysis Tools Overlay Intersect
2. Click the Browse button on the Input Features box, navigate to

‘Amhara_Wereda’ and click Add. Do the same for ‘Abybasin’
3. In the Output Featureclass box, navigate to the D:\GSE2008\GIS_Proj\ folder

and type “AmWeAb_Basin” as the layer name

4. Click the Join Attributes dropdown arrow and click ALL.
5. Leave the remaining fields as default and click OK.
6. When the intersection Process is complete, close the Intersect window.
1.3.2.2 Clip one layer based on another
Click on the ArcToolbox Analysis

Tools Extract Clip
1. For input Features, navigate to

D:\GSE2008\GIS\hydrology\
and select
‘Ethio_Watershed’
2. For Clip Features, navigate to

D:\GSE2008\GIS_Proj\Administration\ and select ‘Amhara_Zones’
3. In the Output Featureclass box, ensure the correct path

(D:\GSE2008\GIS_Proj\) and type “Amhara_Basin” as the layer name. then
click OK
4. When the clipping process is completed, close the clip window.
1.3.3 Changing projection from one coordinate system to another
1. ArcToolbox Data Management Tools Projections

and Transformations
2. double-click on feature Project
3. Click the browse button and navigate to the

D:\GSE2008\GIS_Proj\ folder and Click
Abay_Basin.shp and click Add.
4. Click the Output Dataset or Feature Class browse button and navigate to
D:\GSE2008\GIS_Proj\,then type Abay_Basin1.shp” in the Name text box.

5. Click the button next to Output Coordinate System. The Spatial Reference
Properties dialog box appears.
6. Click Predefined Projected Coordinate Systems Utm WGS 1984

WGS 1984 UTM Zone 37N OK
Or, you can click Import and choose the data source whose coordinate system
you want to copy. Or, click New and define a new, custom coordinate system.
7. OK Close
1. Georeferencing
This can be done with the Georeferencing toolbar
1. Add a raster image to your map from (D:\GSE2008\GIS|Administration\

Topo250.tif)
2. Click View Toolbars Georeferencing
3. Right-click on Topo250.tif in
the table of contents to set the
coordinate system
4. Click properties, then Click
on Coordinate System
5. Select a coordinate system
from the Predefined list:
6. Predefined Projected Coordinate
Systems Utm
WGS 1984 WGS 1984 UTM Zone
37N OK
7. Select Topo250.tif in the box in front of Layer:
8. Click on the align button your cursor becomes a + sign

9. Click on the view Link Table button to display the points as you enter
them
10. Uncheck the Box in front of Auto Adjust
11. Now start locating the GCPs Click at the location of the first GCP
Right-click Input X and Y Enter the X and Y coordinates of the GCP
OK
(If you made a mistake while digitizing then right-click Cancel point)
Continue until you have located all the GCPs (minimum of 4 points)
12. Click on Georeferencing Auto Adjust
13. if the map disappears from the view click on Full Extent button
14. See the Residuals (in map units) and Total RMS error in the Table
15. If Residual of some of the points is too high select that point and press delete
16. Re-digitize the GCP again and check again RMS error
17. If RMSE is acceptable, click on Georeferencing Rectify
18. In the output file name browse D:\GSE2008\GIS_Proj\.type
Georef_Topo250 OK
19. You have georefernced your scanned map!!
20. You can now add your newly rectified image to your map.
2 Create and edit features using a variety of Arc map editing tools
ArcMap™ is the application for creating and editing geographic data as

well as tabular data. With ArcMap, you can edit shapefiles, coverages,
and geodatabases all with one common user interface.

2.1 Creating new features
2.1.1 Create your shapefile in ArcCatalog

1. Open ArcCatalog
2. Navigate to D:\GSE2008\GIS_Proj\and create a folder called First_Project
3. Next Click the File menu (right-

click ‘Firse_Project’), point to
New, and click Shapefile.
4. Click in the Name text box and

type ‘Road2008’ for the new
shapefile.
5. Click the Feature Type dropdown arrow and

click polyline
6. Click Edit to define the shape file’s coordinate

system.
7. Predefined Projected coordinate systems

Utm
WGS 1984 WGS 1984 UTM Zone 37N OK
Or, you can click Import and choose the data source
whose coordinate system you want to copy. Or, click
New and define a new, custom coordinate system.
8. Check Coordinates will contain m values.
9. Click OK. The new shapefile appears in the folder's Contents.
Ex. Apply the above procedure and create shapefiles (Rivers, Ethio bound,
Awash_basin, and TigrayTowns)

2.1.2 Creating new features in ArcMap

a. Launch ArcMap
b. Open an empty map and add Georef_Topo250.img by navigating to
D:\GSE2008\GIS_Proj\ Add the new_shapefile you created in ArcCatalog
from D:\GSE2008\GIS_Proj\ /Road2008.shp
Edit Sketch
c. Display the Editor Toolbar (if hidden): View Toolbar Editor

d. Click on Editor Start Editing
e. If you have Geodatabases and shapefiles in the same Layer, you need to
choose which to edit when requested!
f. Select Target Road2008
g. Select Task Create new feature
h. You will now be able to add line feature using the sketch button.
i. Use the left mouse button to start adding a feature:
i. To add point features just click once
ii. To add lines and polygon features add the
vertices that make up the line segments
j. Double-click to finish
k. Right-click on the RED vertex while you are digitizing to get extra
commands:
i. Delete vertex-removes the last vertex you digitized
ii. Flip takes you to the
beginning of the sketch you
are digitizing
iii. Trim removes a user-
specified portion from the
sketch you are digitizing
iv. Delete Sketch removes the
sketch you are digitizing
l. Right-clicking somewhere else in the map

window pops up another set of commands (try exploring what each of

them would mean):
i. Angle
ii. Length
iii. Absolute XY..
To set the snapping environment while digitizing:
Editor Snapping…
Check any or all of the options (Vertex, Edge, and End) in front of
the file you are currently editing
Check all or any of the snapping options in the lower box
You then need to set up the snapping distance options: Editor
Options type the snapping tolerance in map unit meters finished
click on Editor Stop Editing Yes
Apply the same procedure and create shapefiles (Rivers, Boundary, Lakes and
Towns)
2.2 Editing existing features
1. Task: Modify feature

2. Target: The feature class (shapefile) to be modified( eg Road2008)
3. Click on Edit Button

4. Click on a feature(Road2008) to be modified (Notice that the vertices become
visible)
5. Click on any Vertex and Right-click on it
6. This pops up a number of editing commands
Delete removes the selected vertex
Trim removes a user-defined length from the selected feature
Flip toggles between the start and end of the feature
Properties displays the coordinates of the vertices that make up the selected
feature
7. When finished click on Editor Stop Editing Yes

3 Create and edit metadata

1. Click the Tools menu and click Options.
2. Click the Metadata tab.
3. Click the Metadata Editor drop down arrow and click FGDC Editor
Check the appropriate boxes to have the Catalog automatically create or update
metadata. or uncheck it if you want to create or update metadata manually.
4. Click OK.
3.1 Adding documentation

5. In the Catalog tree navigate to D: \GSE2008\GIS_Proj\Administration\and
Click Road2008
6. Click the Edit Metadata button on the Metadata toolbar.
7. The metadata editor displayed.

8. Click Identification. Here you can see:
1. Abstract REQUIRED: A brief narrative summary of the data set.
Here in the box write: This data was created from topographic map of
Ethiopia lake Abasamuel area in the year 2008.
Source: Topographic map:
Air photography, 1980.
2. Purpose REQUIRED: A summary of the intentions with which the data

set was developed.
Here in the box write: The data was produced for training purpose at GSE,
October 2008
9. Save and close the metadata editor.
10. Click Description tab and read your document that you edit by clicking
Abstract and Purpose
In this way by clicking on each tab of the metadata editor you can edit/create
the information to be documented
11. Click Spatial and Attributes one by one and see the documentation. These
documents are created automatically

3.2 Using Model Builder

Click the Show/Hide ArcToolbox button on the toolbar to display in the ArcMap.
The Model Builder window is the interface you use to create models in ArcGIS.
A Model Builder window is displayed immediately when you create a new model.
1. Right-click the ArcToolbox folder and click

New Toolbox.
2. Right-click the new toolbox that is added and

click Rename. Type “My Tools” as the new
toolbox name and press Enter.
3. Right-click My Tools, point to New, and click Model. A new ModelBuilder
window opens, allowing you to start building your model.
Tips: The toolbar gives you quick access to much of the available functionality in the
ModelBuilder menus and more. There are multiple ways
to add data and tools to a model. Click the Add Data or
Tools button and add data, or drag input data from the
ArcCatalog tree or layers from the table of contents of
any ArcGIS Desktop application having a display.
Alternatively, supply the input data parameter values
inside the tool’s dialog box.
4. Click and drag Laketana from the table of contents and drop in the
ModelBuilder window. Laketana is automatically displayed as a blue oval,
indicating that it is an input variable. Drag the oval to the left side of the
window.

5. Double-click Analysis Tools in ArcToolbox, double-click Proximity, and drag

and drop the Buffer tool in the ModelBuilder window. When you add the
Buffer tool, it automatically creates a derived data element—in this case the
Output Feature class. Both the tool and derived data elements stay white,
indicating that the tool is in a not-ready-to run state until it is connected to input
data.
Main
Toolbar
Display
Window
6. Click the Add Connection button on the Model toolbar .

7. Click and drag a line from Laketana to the Buffer tool. All model elements
should now be shown in color. The input element is displayed in a blue oval,
the tool is displayed in a yellow rectangle, and the output element is displayed
in a green oval.
8. Double-click the Buffer tool in the model. The Buffer tool dialog box appears.
The input Features dialog box is already filled in for you.
9. In the Output Feature class text box, type or browse to the path to the GIS_proj
and type “3kmLakebuf” as the layer name.
10. Type “3000” in the linear unit field and click the unit’s dropdown menu to
change from Unknown to Meters.
11. Click the dropdown arrow for Dissolve Type and click ALL, then click OK.
12. Click the Model dropdown menu on the toolbar and click Run. The Buffer tool
will flash red while processing

13. Right-click the 3kmLakebuf.shp data element and click Add To Display.
14. Click the General tab and type “Buffer_ analysis” in the Name text box and
“Buffering” in the Label text box, and then click OK.
15. Click the Model menu and click Save.
4 Cartographic Applications of ArcGIS
4.1 Working with Symbology in ArcMap
4.1.1 Classifying data

ArcMap provides various means of symbolizing your data.
4.1.1.1 Setting a standard classification method

1. Start ArcMap and add Amhara_Wereda to your ArcMap
2. Right-click on Amhara_wereda in
the table of contents and click
Properties.
3. Click the Symbology tab and click

Quantities.
4. Click the Value dropdown arrow

and click POPTOT
5. Click the Normalization dropdown arrow

and click AREA ArcMap divides this
field into the Value to create a ratio.
6. Click Classify.
7. Click the Method dropdown arrow and

click the classification method you want
to use (in this case use Natural Breaks).
8. Click the Classes dropdown arrow and click the number of classes you want
to display (in this case use 8).
9. Click OK on the Classification dialog box.

10. Click OK on the Layer Properties dialog box
4.1.1.2 Editing a class range

11. Display and Right-click Amhara_Wereda in the table of contents and click
Properties.
12. Click the Symbology tab.
13. Click the Range you want to edit (as an example, 0.000064871).
14. Make sure to click the Range, not the Label.
15. Type a new value (0.000064869).
16. This sets the upper value of the range.
17. Click OK.
4.1.1.3 Deleting a class break

18. Display and Right-click the Amhara_Wereda in the table of contents and click
Properties.
19. Click the Symbology tab and click Classify.
20. Click the class break you want to delete (0.0002632).
21. The selected break is highlighted.
22. Right-click the histogram and click Delete Break, then click OK
4.1.1.4 Excluding features from the classification

23. Display and Right-click Amhara_Wereda in the table of contents and click
Properties.
24. Click the Symbology tab and click Classify.
25. Click Exclusion.
26. Double-click POPTOT on the Query tab.
27. Click an operator (<=).

28. Click Get Unique Values and double-click 9999.
29. Click OK to execute the expression and exclude values.
4.2 Symbolizing data in Arc map
4.2.1 Symbolizing point data
1. Display and Click Tigray_Towns symbol in the table of contents of ArcMap,

and then symbol selector is displayed
2. From symbol selector, select Triangle1 by clicking on it once,
3. Click on the properties tab, and then edit your symbol in the symbol property
editor
4. Click OK
4.2.2 Symbolizing linear data

1. Display and Click Oromiya_Road symbol in the table of contents of ArcMap,
then symbol selector is displayed
2. From symbol selector, select Major Road by clicking on it once, and click on
the properties tab, then edit your symbol in the symbol property editor
3. Click OK

4.2.3 Symbolizing Areal data

1. Display and Click SNNPR_Zones symbol in the table of contents of ArcMap,
and then symbol selector is displayed
2. From symbol selector, Grey symbol by clicking on it, and then click on the
properties tab, then edit your symbol in the symbol property editor
3. Click ok
4.2.4 Create Custom symbols

You can use the Style Manager to create a new symbol from scratch or you can
modify an existing symbol. The Style Manager lets you organize styles and their
contents (symbols and map elements). You can cut, copy, paste, rename, and
modify any style contents and you can create new styles, symbols, and map
elements.
1. Click the Tools menu, point to Styles, and then click Style Manager.
2. Click the Style type in the left panel (eg Marker Symbols)
3. Right Click anywhere in the right panel, then click Create New and edit
properties.
4. Navigate to the program’s Styles folder.

5. Type the name for the new style you’re creating.
Edit
properties
2
6. Click Save.
To modify an existing symbol; right-click on it in the style manager and access its
properties. Both actions will activate the Symbol Property Editor that will allow you
to set the type of symbol, the color, style, size, and so forth, for each layer that will
comprise the symbol.
Presenting data (create maps, reports, and graphs)
4.3 Preparing Map Layout

A map is composed of one or more data frames (and data) arranged on the page, plus
one or more other map elements. Simple maps usually have only a single data frame.
3. Open ArcMap
4. Navigate to D:\GSE2008\GIS_Project\ and Add data available for a

given specific region for example Amhara_Zones, Amhara_Road,
Amhara_Town, River and Laketana
Save your map as a map document (.mxd)

5. Click File and click Save As.
6. Navigate to the specified folder.
7. Type Document name (Amhara2008). Click Save.
8. Classify, symbolize and Label the displayed data.
Here, you can’t manage your Labels since they are not editable in ArcMap, therefore;
you have to change labels to annotation to edit as you like. Follow the following
procedures to convert labels to annotation

4.3.1 Converting labels to map document annotation

1. In the ArcMap table of
contents, right-click the
Amhara_Zones after
labeling it
2. Click Convert Labels to
Annotation.
3. For the Store Annotation
option, click in the map.
4. Click ‘features in current extent’ to create

the annotation.
5. Click the name of the annotation group to
change it. You can specify a new or existing
annotation group.
6. Some labels may not currently display on the
map because there is no room for them. To
convert these labels, check the Convert
unplaced labels box. This saves the unplaced labels in the map document,
allowing you to later position them one at a time.
7. Click Convert.
8. Double-Click annotation in the ArcMap, then you can modify it
9. Save your map
4.3.2 Switching to Layout View
1. Click View menu Layout View or Click on layout

button on the bottom screen of ArcMap. Notice that the menu bar changes
Now you can change the page layout and other features of
your map.
While viewing the layout, a Layout toolbar

appears. These tools can be used to navigate around the
map layout.

Note: Once you are in Layout view,

you have to use this toolbar to zoom
you map.
To move the maps inside the Layout
data frame use the Pan Button

from the Tools
4.3.3 Setting the page size and printer properties

1. Click the Name dropdown arrow and click the printer you want to use.
2. Right-click the Map and click, Page and Print Setup.
3. Click the Printer Paper Size

dropdown arrow and click 3A
paper size
4. Checked The Use Printer Paper Settings.
5. Click Landscape orientation under Printer Setup Paper
6. Click OK.
4.3.4 Resizing and moving data frame
1. Click the Select Elements arrow button from the Tools ToolBar.

2. Click the data frame to select it. The data frame is now outlined with a dashed
line and has selection handles at its corners and edges.
3. Click the center of the data frame and drag it to the direction you want the
layout.
4. Point to the selection handle at the lower-right corner of the data frame. The
mouse pointer becomes a two pointed resize arrow. Click the corner and drag
it to any direction.
4.4 Inserting Legend, Scale bar, Title…
4.4.1 Adding a scalebar

1. Click on View menu Data
frame properties
2. Cilick on General tab
3. Select Meters for both Map and Display ok
4. On the Insert menu, click Scale Bar.
5. Click one of the Scalebars and click OK.
6. Click the Scalebar and drag it to where you want

to place
7. Resize it if needed
4.4.2 Adding a North arrow

1. Click the Insert menu and click North Arrow.
2. The North Arrow Selector dialog box appears.
3. Click one of the North arrows and click OK.
4. Click the North arrow and drag it to the empty space resize if
necessary

4.4.3 Adding a legend
2. Click the Insert menu and click Legend. The Legend Wizard appears.
3. You can select items to be included in your legend using the above
window. Select an item from the left and click > to add it to your
legend. Select an item from the right and click < to remove it from
your legend.
4. Click Next several times to step through the wizard, accepting the
default legend parameters. Click Finish when done.
5. The legend appears on your map.
6. Click the legend and drag it to the appropriate place.
7. Resize to appropriate size
8. Double-click on the legend to edit it. You can modify the legend style,
change number of columns for the legend for each element,…

4.4.4 Adding a title

9. Click the Insert menu and click Title.
10. Click the title and type

“Amhara Zones”
11. Resize as necessary
4.5 Inserting Grids and Graticules
Accessing the grid/graticule wizard
1. Click the View menu and click Data Frame Properties.
2. Click the Grids tab.
3. Click the New Grid button:
Defining the graticule

4. In the Grid/Graticule wizard, click the Measured Grid option.
5. Type a name for the resulting grid. This name will appear in the list of
grids in the Data Frame Properties dialog box.
6. Follow the steps in the wizard and click Next as you complete each panel.
7. Click Finish.
Note: Once you have created Grids and Graticules, you can modify their properties:
View Data Frame Properties Grids click on the Grid or Graticule
Properties Make your changes OK
4.6 Creating a graph and adding it to a layout

1. Click the Tools menu, point to Graphs, and
click Create.
2. Click the Graph type (column) and subtype

you want.
3. C
l
i
ck Next.
4. Click the dropdown arrow

and click
SNNPR_Zone/Tigray_Zone/Oromia_Zone/Amhara_Zones.
5. Check to graph only the selected features or records.
6. Check AREA and use the arrow keys to order your columns.
7. Click an option to graph data series using Records or Fields.
8. Click Next.
9. Type a title for the graph(Amhara Zones )

10. Check Label X Axis With, then click the dropdown arrow and click ZONES.
11. Check Show Legend.
12. Check Show Graph on Layout.
13. Click Finish.
14. Save
4.7 Printing a map

1. Click File and click Print. The Print dialog box appears. You can change the
default printer by clicking Setup.
2. Click OK.
4.7.1 Saving a map as a map template

1. Click the File menu and click Save As.
2. Navigate to your working directoryand Type Zone as a file name
3. Click the Save as type dropdown arrow and click ArcMap Template.
4. Click Save.
4.7.2 Exporting your map to other file formats

5. File selects <Map Export>
6. When the export window comes up select “Export Format” as
JPEG/EMF/Tiff/…. /
7. And give the output a “File Name”
8. Save your Map document
9. Exit ArcMap
4.8 Work with map templates
4.8.1 Opening a temple when you first start ArcMap

12. Start ArcMap.
13. Click the option to start using ArcMap with a template.
14. Click OK.

15. Navigate to your specific working directory and Click Zone.
16. Click OK
4.8.2 Opening a new template while in ArcMap
1. Click the File menu and click New.
2. Navigate to the directory and
3. Click Zone OK.
4. Remove data in the template
5. Add Amhara_Wereda, Rivers, Laketana to your layout and produce a map

5 Extensions of ArcGIS 9.x
In addition to the core ArcGIS 9.x, there are a number of Extensions (specialized
modules) that are both commercial and free. Of these, ESRI’s Saptial Analyst, 3D
Analyst, Geostatistical Analyst, and ArcPress are the most commonly used ones
and will be discussed in this manual.
Extensions provide you with additional GIS functionality. Most extensions are
optional products that are registered or licensed individually.
The table below lists the optional extensions available for ArcGIS and provides a
short description of each.
To become more familiar with ArcGIS, see the book, What is ArcGIS?, provided with
your ArcGIS software.
Name of extension Extended capabilities
3D Analyst Three dimensional visualization and analysis
Spatial Analyst Surface creation, raster analysis, and grid algebra
Geostatistical Advanced kriging and statistical analysis for surface

Analyst estimation
ArcPress Advanced map printing
Convert a standard map document to the published map

ArcGIS Publisher
format for use by ArcReader
MrSID Encoder1 Encode and mosaic images up to 500 mega-pixels in size
TIFF/LZW Right-to-use TIFF/LZW compression technology patented

1
Compression by UNISYS
Enabling extensions
To use an extension for which you are registered or licensed, you must enable it in the
Extensions dialog box for the application you will use it in. To open the Extensions

dialog box, choose the Extensions command from the Tools menu in ArcMap™,
ArcCatalog™, and ArcScene™ (the application that comes with the ArcGIS 3D
Analyst™ extension).
The Extensions dialog lists the extensions currently installed on your system that
work with the application you are using. For example, if you are using ArcCatalog,
you'll only see extensions listed that work with ArcCatalog. Extensions are listed in
this dialog whether or not you have registered them or whether or not licenses are
currently available for them on your License Manager.
To enable an extension, check the box next to it:
Spatial Analyst
If the extension is successfully enabled, the box will appear checked:
Spatial Analyst
Enabling an extension does not cause the extension's user interface to appear
automatically; it simply enables any controls that the extension provides. If the
extension's controls are on a toolbar, such as the Spatial Analyst extension's toolbar,
you will still need to display the toolbar by choosing it from the Toolbars pullright in
the View menu.
5.1 ArcGIS Spatial Analyst
ESRI® Spatial Analyst software helps you solve a wide range of spatial problems by
providing you with powerful tools to perform spatial analysis. Most of the analysis is
done using the raster data model. Most of the functions are organized into a group
.You can access the tools

associated with Spatial Analyst
either through the ToolBar or
thourgh ArcToolBox:

View menu Toolbars Spatial Analyst
5.1.1 Setting the working directory

Before you begin any analysis, set your working directory for spatial analysis.
Click Spatial Analyst Options
Type the Working Directory (E.g. D:\GSE2008\GIS) OK
5.1.2 Distance Measurements

3.1.2.1 Calculating straight line distance
1. Click the Spatial Analyst
dropdown arrow Distance
Straight Line
2. Click the Distance to dropdown
arrow and click the layer to find
the distance to (rainfall)
3. Optionally, specify a maximum
distance. Cells outside this
distance will not be considered in the calculation and will be given the value
of NoData. Leaving the Maximum distance blank will not put a limit on how
far distances will be measured.
4. Specify an output cell size for the result(s).
5. Optionally, click Create direction to create a raster displaying the straight line
direction to the closest source.
6. Optionally, click Create allocation to create a raster where every cell is
assigned the value of the closest source.
7. Type a name for the result or leave the default to create a temporary result in
your working directory.
8. Click OK.
5.1.3 Calculating Density

By calculating density you spread point values out over a surface. The magnitude at
each sample location (line or point) is distributed throughout a landscape, and a
density value is calculated for each cell in the output raster.
Density maps are predominantly created from point data, and a circular search area is
applied to each cell in the output raster being created. The search area determines the
distance to search for points in order to calculate a density value for each cell in the
output raster.

1. Click the Spatial Analyst dropdown arrow and click Density.

2. Click the Input data dropdown arrow and click the input layer.
3. Click the Population field dropdown arrow and click the field you want to use.
4. Click either Kernel or Simple Density type.
In a simple density calculation, points or lines that fall within the search area are
summed and then divided by the search area size to get each cell's density value.
The kernel density calculation works the same as the simple density calculation,
except the points or lines lying near the center of a raster cell's search area are
weighted more heavily than those lying near the edge. The result is a smoother
distribution of values.
5. Type a value in the Search radius text box to determine the distance to search
for points or lines from each cell in the output raster.
6. Click the Area units’ dropdown arrow and choose the units in which the
density values should be presented.
7. Specify an Output cell size.
8. Type a name for the result or leave the default to create a temporary result.
9. Click OK.
5.1.4 Surface Analysis
5.1.4.1 Interpolation
a. Inverse Distance Weight (IDW)
IDW estimates cell values by averaging the values of sample data points in the
vicinity of each cell. The closer a
point is to the center of the cell
being estimated, the more influence,
or weight; it has in the averaging
process. This method assumes that
the variable being mapped
decreases in influence with distance
from its sampled location.
1. Click the Spatial Analyst dropdown arrow, point to Interpolate to Raster,

and click Inverse Distance Weighted.
2. Click the Input point dropdown arrow and click the point dataset you wish
to use.

3. Click the Z value field dropdown arrow and click the field you wish to
use.
4. Optionally, change the default Power value. (small smooth)
5. Click the Search radius type dropdown arrow and click Variable.
6. Optionally, change the default number of points to use in the calculation
of each interpolated point.
7. Specify a maximum distance for the radius to expand to in search of the
number of points specified.
8. Optionally, specify a barrier.
9. Optionally, change the default Output cell size.
10. Specify a name for the output or leave the default to create a temporary
dataset in your working directory.
11. Click OK.
b. Spline Method
Spline estimates values using a mathematical function that minimizes overall surface
curvature, resulting in a smooth surface that passes exactly through the input points.
There are two Spline methods: Regularized and Tension.
Regularized
The Regularized method creates a smooth, gradually changing surface with
values that may lie outside the sample data range.
For the Regularized method, the higher the weight, the smoother the urface.
For the Tension method, the higher the weight, the coarser the surface.
Tension
The Tension method tunes the stiffness of the
surface according to the character of the
modeled phenomenon. It creates a less-smooth
surface with values more closely constrained
by the sample data range. Click the Spatial
Analyst dropdown arrow, point to Interpolate
to Raster, and click Spline.
1. Click the Input point’s dropdown arrow
and click the point dataset you wish to use.
2. Click the Z value field dropdown arrow
and click the field you wish to use.
3. Click the Spline type dropdown arrow and
click the Spline method you wish to use.

4. Optionally, change the default Weight.

5. Optionally, change the default number of points to use in the calculation of each
interpolated point.
6. Optionally, change the default output cell size.
7. Specify a name for the output or leave the default to create a temporary dataset in
your working directory.
8. Click OK.
5.1.4.2 How to create contours

1. Click the Spatial Analyst dropdown arrow, point to Surface Analysis, and
click Contour.
2. Click the Input surface dropdown arrow and click the surface you want to
contour.
3. Type a Contour interval to specify the distance between contours.
4. Type a Base contour from which to start contouring from or leave the
default of 0.
5. Optionally, type a value for the Z factor.
6. Specify a name for the output or leave the default, which creates a
permanent dataset in your working directory.
7. Click OK.
5.1.4.3 Map (Raster) Algebra

The Raster Calculator provides you with a powerful tool for performing multiple
tasks. You can perform mathematical calculations using operators and functions, set
up selection queries, or type in Map Algebra syntax. Inputs can be raster datasets or
raster layers, constants, and numbers.
Mathematical operators apply a mathematical operation to the values in two or more
input rasters. Three groups of mathematical operators are available in the Raster
Calculator: Arithmetic, Boolean, and Relational. All operators (including Bitwise,
Combinatorial, and Logical) can be typed into The Raster Calculator.
Arithmetic operators
Arithmetic operators allow for the addition, subtraction, multiplication, and division
of two rasters or numbers or a combination of the two.
Arithmetic operators: *, /, -, +
Boolean operators
Boolean operators use Boolean logic (TRUE or FALSE) on input rasters on a cell-by-
cell basis. Output values of TRUE are written as 1 and FALSE as 0.

Boolean operators: And, Or, Xor, Not

Relational operators
Relational operators evaluate specific relational conditions. If a condition is TRUE,
the output is assigned 1; if a condition is FALSE, the output is assigned 0.
Relational operators: ==, >, <, <>, >=, <=
How to use the Raster Calculator to perform mathematical functions on your data
1. Click the Spatial Analyst dropdown arrow and click Raster Calculator.
2. Click the Expansion button to expand the Raster Calculator and reveal the
mathematical functions.
3. Click the function you want to use.
4. Double-click the layer to which you want to apply the function.
5. Click Evaluate.
How to use the Raster Calculator to Weight Raster Data
2. Double-click the Layer to which you want to add weight.
It will be added to the expression box.
3. Click Multiply.
4. Type a value to weight the dataset.
5. Click Evaluate.
6. Follow steps 1 to 5 for all datasets you want to weight.
How to use the Raster Calculator to Combine Raster Data
2. Double-click the first Layer.
3. Click Add.
4. Click the next Layer.
5. Follow steps 3 and 4 to add together all your datasets.
6. Click Evaluate.
How to use the Raster Calculator to make selections on your data
2. Double-click the layer you want to make a selection from to add it to the
Expression box (for example, elevation).
3. Click the operator you wish to use (for example, ">" or "And").

4. Click a value (for example, 3,000) or another Layer, depending on the

operator you choose.
5. Click Evaluate to perform the calculation.
The Raster Calculator will be closed and the result displayed.
5.1.4.4 Reclassify
Reclassifying a raster data means replacing input cell values with new output values.
For example, a soil map can be reclassified into erosion potential map by assigning
each soil type a weight factor. This is called RECLASSIFYING. Reclassification in
Spatial analyst is performed on RASTER data.
There are many reasons why you might want to reclassify your data. Some of the
most common reasons are:
To replace values based on new information: to replace the values in the input
raster with new values.
To classify certain values together for display: to simplify the information in a
raster.
To classify certain values together for conversion to vector format for analysis
To reclassify values to a common scale
To set specific values to nodata or to set nodata cells toa value
Replacing values based on new information
1. Click the Spatial Analyst dropdown arrow and click Reclassify.
2. Click the Input raster dropdown arrow and click the raster with values you
wish to change.
3. Click the Reclass field dropdown arrow and click the field you wish to
use.
4. Click the New values you wish to change and type a new value.
5. Click all other New values (use the Shift key), then click Delete Entries.
All other values will remain the same in the output raster.
6. Optionally, click Save to save the remap table.
8. Click OK.
Grouping entries

wish to group.
use.
4. Click the Old values you wish to group (click one, then hold down the
Shift key and click the next one), then right-click and click Group Entries.
5. Give the grouped entry and other Old values the New values you wish for
them to have.
8. Click OK.
Reclassifying values of a set of raster to a common scale
wish to prioritize.
use.
4. Click the New values input box for each entry and prioritize the entries
(this is subjective according to your spatial problem, for example,
preference, cost, or time).
7. Click OK.
wish to reclassify.
use.
11. Click the Classify button.
12. Click the Method dropdown arrow and choose a classification method to
use to reclassify your input data.
13. Click the Classes dropdown arrow and choose the number of classes into
which your input data will be split.

14. Click OK.

15. Modify the New values for your output raster if appropriate.
17. Click OK on the Reclassify dialog box.
Setting specific values to NoData
wish to set to NoData.
use.
4. Click the input boxes for the New values you wish to change to NoData.
5. Click Delete Entries.
6. Check Change missing values to NoData.
9. Click OK.
The values you deleted will be changed to No Data in the output raster.
5.1.5 Digital Elevation Model (DEM)Triangulated Irregular Network (TIN)

Asurface representation derived from irregularly spaced sample points and breakline
features.
TINs are made from mass points, breaklines, and polygons. They are often used to
create DEM from either contour lines or point height source data.
5.1.5.1 Creating a TIN

1. Load the 3D Analyst Extension (Tools Extensions 3D Analyst)
2. Display the 3D Analyst Toolbar (View ToolBars 3D Analyst)
3. In ArcMap or ArcScene, click the 3D Analys menu on the 3D Analyst
toolbar. Point to Create/Modify TIN and click Create TIN From Features.
4. Check the features that you want to use in building your TIN. You can use
the Browse button beside the Layers list to navigate to other feature
classes to include in the TIN.

5. Click the dropdown arrow and choose the Height Source field. You can
choose shape geometry if the features have 3D geometry.
6. Click the dropdown arrow and choose how the features should be
incorporated into the TIN—as mass points, breaklines, or polygons.
7. Optionally, click the dropdown arrow and choose the Tag Value Field if
you wish to tag the TIN features with a value from the input features.
8. Repeat steps 2 through 5 for each input feature class.
9. Type a name for the TIN.
10. Click OK.
11. Wait until ArcMap finishes drawing your TIN on the Map display window
Slope
The Slope function calculates the maximum rate of change between each cell and its
neighbors. It can be described either in degrees or percent.
5.1.5.2 How to derive slope

click Slope.
2. Click the Input surface dropdown arrow and click the surface you want to
calculate slope for. (can be surface or TIN source)
3. Choose the Output measurement units.
4. Optionally, type a value for the Z factor.
7. Click OK.
Aspect
It is most commonly used with an elevation raster to identify the direction of slope.
5.1.5.3 How to derive aspect

click Aspect.
2. Click the Input surface dropdown arrow and click the surface (or TIN) for
which you want to calculate aspect.

5. Click OK.
6 Hydrological Applications
Add a DEM from your working directory. If the DEM is in TIN format you
need to convert it to GRID format.
Start ArcToolBox
Goto Spatial Analyst Tools and double-click
Click on Hydrology
You will see the following Tools:
Tool Description
Basin Creates a raster delineating all drainage basins
Fill Fills sinks in a surface raster to remove small imperfections in the data
Flow Accumulation Creates a raster of accumulated flow to each cell
Flow Direction Direction from each cell to its steepest downslope neighbor
Flow Length Calculates distance, or weighted distance, along a flow path
Sink Creates a raster identifying all sinks or areas of internal drainage
Snaps pour points to the cell of highest flow accumulation within a specified
Snap Pour Points
distance
Assigns unique values to sections of a raster linear network between
Stream Link
intersections
Assigns a numeric order to segments of a raster representing branches of a
Stream Order
linear network
Converts a raster representing a linear network to features representing the
Stream to Feature
linear network
Watershed Determines the contributing area above a set of cells in a raster
To generate stream network raster data, use the following map algebra expression:
streamnet = con (flowacc > 100, 1)
Where flowacc is the flow accumulation that you calculated using the hydrology tool

Filename: ArcGIS9_GSE2008
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Title: Introduction to ArcGIS 9.1
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Introduction to ArcGIS 9.

4.2.3 Symbolizing Areal data ......................................................................... 25

1 Exploring ArcCatalog, ArcMap, and ArcToolbox

1.1 Exploring ArcCatalog

1.1.1 Viewing data in ArcCatalog

1. Start Programs ArcGIS ArcCatalog.

The title bar displays

© Dagnachew L. & Esayiyas S., AAU 2008 Tel: 0911-407640 / 242477 1

4. Click preview tab. Now the “Ethio _Wereda/Amhara_Wereda” shapefile is

5. Click the Preview dropdown arrow

1.1.2 Managing your data in ArcCatalog

1.1.2.1 Creating a new folder

2. Rename the folder by

© Dagnachew L. & Esayiyas S., AAU 2008 Tel: 0911-407640 / 242477 2

1.1.2.2 Copying an item

2. Select all contents

‘Topo250.tif’ and click the Copy button

(Ctrl + C) or right-click on the selected files to

3. Click the “GSE2008\GIS_Proj” folder and

4. Click on“GSE2008\GIS_Proj” and see data

1.1.2.3 Renaming an item

1.1.2.4 Deleting an item

2. Click the Delete button to delete.

1.2 Exploring ArcMap

ArcMap is the primary ArcGIS application for displaying,

© Dagnachew L. & Esayiyas S., AAU 2008 Tel: 0911-407640 / 242477 3

1.2.1 Displaying and viewing Spatial Datasets in ArcMap

Notice the following window with its various components.

© Dagnachew L. & Esayiyas S., AAU 2008 Tel: 0911-407640 / 242477 4

3. Click "Add data" button on the ArcMap toolbar to add data

Exploring data in ArcMap

© Dagnachew L. & Esayiyas S., AAU 2008 Tel: 0911-407640 / 242477 5

6. Use the selection tool to select features on your map

3. In the ‘Data Frame Properties’ click

Note: You can save your work as a map

The Next time you start ArcMap click on

1.2.2 Changing how features are

© Dagnachew L. & Esayiyas S., AAU 2008 Tel: 0911-407640 / 242477 6

2. Click the ‘Symbology’ tab on

3. For ‘Value Field’, click

1.2.3 Adding labels to a map

3. Click the ‘Labels’ tab of the

1.2.4 Displaying Attribute tables behind the maps

© Dagnachew L. & Esayiyas S., AAU 2008 Tel: 0911-407640 / 242477 7

2. Click ‘Open Attribute Table’

3. Click on the left-most cell at the beginning of a row to select it

5. To clear what is selected, go to the Selection

6. Close the attribute table

1.2.5 Querying data in ArcMap

1.2.5.2 Querying a map using the Find

1. Click the Find tool

2. In the find window, for find click

© Dagnachew L. & Esayiyas S., AAU 2008 Tel: 0911-407640 / 242477 8

3. For in, click ‘Amhara_Zones’

1.2.5.3 Exporting the Selected data

1.2.6 Advanced Query

2. For Layer, click Amhara_Zone

3. Method: Create a new selection

4. Double-click on “ZONES” in the Fields

5. Click the ‘=’ sign once from the list of operators

6. to get the complete list, Click on ‘Get Unique values’ box

7. For unique values, double-click DEBUB GONDER

9. If any syntax error, click Clear and start again