1/31/2019

CE 610 : Into. to EQ. Engg.

L8 GROUND MOTION PREDICTION Spring 2019

EQUATIONS Instructor:
Prof. Meera Raghunandan
31 January 2019

APPROACH 1: SEISMOLOGICAL MODELLING

Physics-based earthquake simulation Mw7.8 Seismic Performance of 4 story older reinforced
earthquake on San Andreas Fault concrete buildings in Southern California

Graves et al. 2008 (Lynch et al. 2011)

CE 610: EARTHQUAKE ENGINEERING PROF. MEERA RAGHUNANDAN IIT BOMBAY 2

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APPROACH 2: GROUND MOTION

PREDICTION EQUATIONS (GMPE)
If the earthquake source and source to site characteristics
are known, ground motion characteristics for expected
ground motion can be predicted using GMPE
Expected Sa(T) versus T
Used for development of design spectra

CE 610: EARTHQUAKE ENGINEERING PROF. MEERA RAGHUNANDAN IIT BOMBAY 3

MAGNITUDE EFFECTS
Higher magnitude, larger amplitude
seismic waves.
Different magnitude earthquake,
different ground motion frequency
content

Kramer
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DISTANCE EFFECTS
Amplitude of the waves
dependent on the distance that
they travel.

Rl : Hypocentral distance
R2 : Epicentral distance
R3:Distance to the zone of highest energy release
R4: Closest distance to the zone of rupture
R5 is the closest distance to the surface projection of
the fault rupture.
R4 and R5 quite popularly used in prediction equations
CE 610: EARTHQUAKE ENGINEERING PROF. MEERA RAGHUNANDAN IIT BOMBAY 5

SOIL CONDITIONS

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OTHER EFFECTS
Source mechanism
Site directivity
Which side of the fault you are on (hanging wall effects)
Basin effects
Tectonic region
etc

CE 610: EARTHQUAKE ENGINEERING PROF. MEERA RAGHUNANDAN IIT BOMBAY 7

GROUND MOTION PREDICTION

EQUATIONS (GMPE)
Ground motion parameters (Y) expressed as a function of Magnitude (M),
distance (R) and Other parameters

𝑌 = 𝑓(𝑀, 𝑅, 𝑂𝑡ℎ𝑒𝑟 𝑝𝑎𝑟𝑎𝑚𝑒𝑡𝑒𝑟𝑠)

Reflect the mechanics of the ground motion process as closely as possible

Generally updated every few years (as new ground motions become
available)

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BOORE, JOYNER AND FUMAL (1997)

COEFFICIENTS
2 𝑉𝑠
𝑙𝑛𝑌 = 𝑏1 + 𝑏2 𝑀 − 6 + 𝑏3 𝑀 − 6 + 𝑏5 ln 𝑟 + 𝑏𝑣 ln ൗ𝑉
𝑎

2
Where r= 𝑟𝑗𝑏 + ℎ2

b1= b1SS for strike slip earthquakes

b1RS for reverse slip earthquakes
b1ALL if mechanism is not specified

CE 610: EARTHQUAKE ENGINEERING PROF. MEERA RAGHUNANDAN IIT BOMBAY 9

BOORE, JOYNER AND FUMAL (1997)

COEFFICIENTS
2 𝑉𝑠
𝑙𝑛𝑌 = 𝑏1 + 𝑏2 𝑀 − 6 + 𝑏3 𝑀 − 6 + 𝑏5 ln 𝑟 + 𝑏𝑣 ln ൗ𝑉
𝑎
Y=Peak ground acceleration or pseudo acceleration (g)
M=Moment magnitude
rjb=closest distance from station to to point on earths surface that lies
directly above rupture
Vs=Average shear wave velocity in top 30m

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BJF97 COEFFICIENTS

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