Bab 1 Application Local Speed Study TRAFFIC SIGN MATERIALS

Types of road -Establish parameter for traffic operation such as speed zones, speed limits, and passing restriction -Signs erected along major highways and all BERHENTI signs: High Intensity retro reflective sheeting,
-Laterite Road -Evaluate the effectiveness of traffic control devices such as variable message sign at work zone. -Minimum requirement for traffic signs in Malaysia: Material known as Engineering Grade retro-reflective
-Roman Road -Evaluate /determine the adequacy of highway geometric characteristic. sheeting.
-Pierre Tresaguet Road -Evaluate the effect of speed on highway -New and more satisfactory or superior materials for traffic signs, particularly in the fields of illumination
-Thomas Telford Road -Determine speed trends. and reflectorization maybe use as long as it meets the standard requirements for colour and legibility, both
-John Macadam Road Course Speed and Delay Study by day and by night.
Class of road in Malaysia -A travel time study determines the amount of time required to travel from one point to another on a given ROADMARKING & DELINEATION
-toll highway route. -Paint
-federal road -Information may also collected on the location, duration, and causes of delays. -Thermoplastics
-state road -Data also help the traffic engineer in identifying problems at the location. -Preformed tapes
-council/city road Application Course Speed and Delay Study TYPES OF MARKING
-rural road -Determine the efficiency of a route with respect to its ability to carry traffic. Longitudinal lines
Agencies involved -Identification of locations with relatively high delay and the causes for those delay.
-Road and highway planning unit -Determine the traffic times on specific link for use in trip assignment models.
-Public Work Department Vehicle Parking Study.
-Highway council Malaysia -The need of parking spaces is usually very demanding in the areas where land uses includes business,
-Town/ district/local council residential and commercial activities.
-City council -Providing adequate parking space to meet the demand for parking in central parking district may affect the
Importance of enforcement level of service.
-Changing road user mentality Application Vehicle Parking Study
-Reduce accident and fatality -To obtain valid information (past and present).
-As an education -To determine the parking adequacy.
-To create awareness -To provide information needed to enable the implementation of payment by the parties involved.
-Enhance perception of being caught
Malaysia Road Act & Law BAB 3
-Road Transfer Act 1987 MATERIALS IN PAVEMENT CONSTRUCTION
-Environmental Quality Act 1974
-Urban & Rural Planning Act 1976
-Local Government Act 1976
-Federal Territory Act 1973
The Purposes of Act
-To educate
-As a guideline Material
-Protection of the community’s & individual’s interest -Aggregates Transverse lines
-To establish the rules -Fillers Transverse lines are marked across the road and generally associated with intersection or junction controls,
-To maintain order -Cement or traffic signals.
BAB 2 -Binder (Bitumen & Asphalt) -Stop Line
Traffic Engineering -Steel reinforcements -Holding Line @ Give Way Line
“Traffic engineering is a branch of civil engineering that uses engineering techniques to achieve the safe and efficient movement -Pedestrian Crossing Marking
of people and goods on roadways. It focuses mainly on research for safe and efficient traffic flow, such as road geometry, Test on aggregates
sidewalks and crosswalks, segregated cycle facilities, shared lane marking, traffic signs, road surface markings and traffic lights.” -Aggregate impact value test (AIV)
Highway Engineering -Polished stone value test (Skid resistant)
“Highway engineering is an engineering discipline branching from civil engineering that involves the planning, design, -Aggregate crushing value test (ACV)
construction, operation, and maintenance of roads, bridges, and tunnels to ensure safe and effective transportation of people and -Flakiness index test
goods.” -Elongation Test
The Importance of Transportation -Soundness Test
- Shaping the cities Test on Bitumen
- Enable economic activity -Penetration Test
- Promote community interaction -Softening Test
- Enhance quality of life -Viscosity Test
- Communication / movement -Flash and fire point test
Function of Transportation -Ductility Test
-Affect growth of the city, population, and land use -Floatation Test Other markings
-Movement goods -Diagonal and Chevron Marking
-Influence development public amnesty such pipelines and electrical system BAB 6 -Message on Pavement (Words & Numeral)
-Increase economy activity Basic Characteristics -Arrows
-To enable society to enjoy traveling for optional trip or work -Approaches to Railway Crossing Markings
Transportation System To be effective, traffic control device should: -Parking Space Limits
- Road networking -Fulfil a need. -Paved-shoulder Markings
- Private transport -Command attention. -Yellow Boxes
- Public transport -Convey clear, simple meaning. -Kerb Markings
- Commercial and trade transport -Command respect of road users. -Transverse Yellow Bars
Types of Transportation -Give adequate time for proper response
-Land Purposes of traffic control
-Water - To help ensure highway safety by providing for the orderly and predictable movement of all traffic,
-Air motorised and non-motorised
-Pipe - To provide the necessary guidance and warnings to ensure the safe and informed operation of every road
The importance of the transportation planning user on the highway
-Efficiency -For road user’s safety.
-Resource conservation -For the comfort of the journey.
-Environmental care -To avoid traffic conflict.
-Safety enhancement -For the smooth flow of traffic
-Land use planning
Types of Planning Types of traffic sign
Short term Regulatory
-Local council / State level - Regulatory devices have the authority to impose precise requirements upon the actions of road users.
-Less than 5 year plan Regulatory signs give notice of traffic laws and regulations.
-Less complex and require min budget.
-No great demand on construction activities. (More on improvement to existing facilities)
Medium term
-Local council / State level
-Between 5 -10 year plan
-Less complex and require min budget.
-More on improvement to existing facilities or minor change to the traffic system.
Long term
-Federal level
-Between 10 -25 year plan
-Very complex and require huge financial expenditure.
-Involve large and extensive construction program.
-Will effect economic, social and environments
Element of Transportation Study
-Planning process
-Execution of selected plan
-Monitoring and rechecking
Purposes of transportation Study Warning
-To determine the total traffic flow volume of a route. - Warning devices call attention to potentially hazardous roadway conditions or unusual traffic movements
-To identify the types of vehicles using the route which are not readily apparent to on-coming traffic. They impose the responsibility upon the individual road
-To assess the problems faced by road users and plan to overcome the problems. user to employ added caution.”
-To estimate the total vehicles and vehicles load for pavement design purposes.

Transport Study
Origin-Destination Study
- To determine the pattern and nature of daily trips made by the residents
- To plan the transportation in urban city especially the type of land use, road/traffic network and public transportation system
Application Origin-Destination Study
-Determine the suitable/best position of a bridge or new transport terminal to be constructed.
-Built a transportation models to ensure the transportation planning will be more convenient and also to predict the future traffic
pattern.
Traffic Volume Study Guide
-To collect data on the number of vehicles / pedestrian that pass a point during a specified time period - Guiding devices show route designations, destinations, directions, distances, points of interest, and other
-To know whether the existing road can accommodate the vehicles that using a road. geographical or cultural information.
-To ensure the smooth movement of vehicles and traffic safety volume study
Application Traffic Volume Study
-Design for road rehabilitation
-Study the traffic at intersection
-Study of traffic control systems
-Forecast/predict traffic volumes
-Study of traffic accidents
-Analysis of costs-benefits for highway projects
Local Speed Study
-To estimate the distribution of speeds of vehicles in a stream of traffic at a particular location or spot on a highway.
-Carried out by recording the speed of a sample of vehicles at specific location
-Will be valid only for the traffic and environmental conditions that exist at the time of study.