1. A linear dipole of l/d = 25, 50 and 104 is attached to a 50-ohm line.

Determine the
VSWR of each l/d when

Using the Moment Method formulations described in Section 8.4

(a) l = λ/2

 𝑙/𝑑 = 25

𝑍𝑖𝑛 = 88.4 + 𝑗27.5 𝑍0 = 50

(𝑍𝑖𝑛 − 𝑍𝑜 )
|Γ| =
(𝑍𝑖𝑛 + 𝑍𝑜)

88.4 + 𝑗27.5 − 50
|Γ| = = 0.3347
88.4 + 𝑗27.5 + 50

1 + |Γ|
𝑉𝑆𝑊𝑅 =
1 − |Γ|

1 + 0.3347
𝑉𝑆𝑊𝑅 = = 2.0061
1 − 0.3347

 𝑙/𝑑 = 50

𝑍𝑖𝑛 = 85.8 + 𝑗54.9 𝑍0 = 50

(𝑍𝑖𝑛 − 𝑍𝑜 )
|Γ| =
(𝑍𝑖𝑛 + 𝑍𝑜)

85.8 + 𝑗54.9 − 50
|Γ| = = 0.4474
85.8 + 𝑗54.9 + 50

1 + |Γ|
𝑉𝑆𝑊𝑅 =
1 − |Γ|

1 + 0.4474
𝑉𝑆𝑊𝑅 = = 2.6192
1 − 0.4474

 𝑙/𝑑 = 10−4

𝑍𝑖𝑛 = 73 + 𝑗42.5 𝑍0 = 50
 (𝑍𝑖𝑛 − 𝑍𝑜 )
|Γ| =
(𝑍𝑖𝑛 + 𝑍𝑜)

73 + 𝑗42.5 − 50
|Γ| = = 0.3713
73 + 𝑗42.5 + 50

1 + |Γ|
𝑉𝑆𝑊𝑅 =
1 − |Γ|

1 + 0.3713
𝑉𝑆𝑊𝑅 = = 2.181
1 − 0.7313

(b) l = λ

(c) l = 3λ/2.

 𝑙/𝑑 = 25

𝑍𝑖𝑛 = 106.8 + 𝑗4.9 𝑍0 = 50

(𝑍𝑖𝑛 − 𝑍𝑜 )
|Γ| =
(𝑍𝑖𝑛 + 𝑍𝑜)

106.8 + 𝑗4.9 − 50
|Γ| = = 0.3634
106.8 + 𝑗4.9 + 50

1 + |Γ|
𝑉𝑆𝑊𝑅 =
1 − |Γ|

1 + 0.3634
𝑉𝑆𝑊𝑅 = = 2.1417
1 − 0.3634

 𝑙/𝑑 = 50

𝑍𝑖𝑛 = 103.3 + 𝑗9.2 𝑍0 = 50

 (𝑍𝑖𝑛 − 𝑍𝑜 )
|Γ| =
(𝑍𝑖𝑛 + 𝑍𝑜)

103.3 + 𝑗9.2 − 50
|Γ| = = 0.3522
103.3 + 𝑗9.2 + 50

1 + |Γ|
𝑉𝑆𝑊𝑅 =
1 − |Γ|

1 + 0.4474
𝑉𝑆𝑊𝑅 = = 2.087
1 − 0.4474

 𝑙/𝑑 = 10−4

𝑍𝑖𝑛 = 105.49 + 𝑗45.54 𝑍0 = 50

(𝑍𝑖𝑛 − 𝑍𝑜 )
|Γ| =
(𝑍𝑖𝑛 + 𝑍𝑜)

105.49 + 𝑗45.54 − 50
|Γ| = = 0.443
105.49 + 𝑗45.54 + 50

1 + |Γ|
𝑉𝑆𝑊𝑅 =
1 − |Γ|

1 + 0.443
𝑉𝑆𝑊𝑅 = = 2.591
1 − 0.443

2. Design a two-element folded dipole with wire diameter of 10-3 λ and center-to-center
spacing of 6.13x10-3 λ.

(a) Determine its shortest length for resonance.

𝑑 = 10−3 λ

𝑠 = 6.13𝑥10−3 λ

𝑠𝑙2
𝑍𝑜 = 120𝐼𝑛 ( )
𝑎
 𝑠
𝑠𝑙2 + √2 − 𝑎2
𝑍𝑜 = 120𝐼𝑛
𝑎
( )
3.065 + √(13.065)2 − (0.52 )
𝑍𝑜 = 120𝐼𝑛 ( )
0.5

3.065 + 3.0239
𝑍𝑜 = 120𝐼𝑛 ( ) = 299.9721 ≈ 300
0.5

(b) Compute the VSWR at the first resonance when it is attached to a 300-ohm line.

(𝑍𝑖𝑛 − 𝑍𝑜 )
|Γ| =
(𝑍𝑖𝑛 + 𝑍𝑜)

1700 − 300
|Γ| = = 0.700
1700 + 300

1 + 0.700
𝑉𝑆𝑊𝑅 = = 5.666
1 − 0.700

3. A half-wavelength, two-element symmetrical folded dipole is connected to a 300-

ohm “twin-lead” transmission line. In order for the input impedance of the dipole to
be real, an energy storage lumped element is placed across its input terminals.
Determine, assuming f = 100 MHz, the
(a) capacitance or inductance of the element that must be placed across the terminals.

When l = λ∕2

λ
𝑙= Zc = 300
2

𝑍𝑖𝑛 = 4(73 + 𝑗42.5) = 292 + 𝑗70

1 1 292 + 𝑗70
𝑌𝑖𝑛 = = ∗
𝑍𝑖𝑛 292 + 𝑗70 292 + 𝑗70

292 − 𝑗70
𝑌𝑖𝑛 = = (2.557𝑥10−3 − 𝑗1.489𝑥10−3 )
114,164

𝑌𝑖𝑛 = 𝐺𝑖𝑛 − 𝑗𝐵𝑖𝑛

𝐵𝑖𝑛 = 𝑤𝐶𝑖𝑛
 𝐵𝑖𝑛 = 2𝜋𝑓𝐶𝑖𝑛

𝐵𝑖𝑛 1.489𝑥10−3
𝐶𝑖𝑛 = = = 2.370𝑥10−12
2𝜋𝑓 2𝜋(108 )

𝐶𝑖𝑛 = 2.370𝑥10−12 = 2.37 𝑝𝑓

(b) VSWR at the terminals of the transmission line taking into account the dipole and the
energy storage element.

𝐺𝑖𝑛 = 2.557 ∗ 10−3

1 1
𝑅𝑖𝑛 = = = 0.390𝑥103 = 390.976
𝐺𝑖𝑛 2.557 ∗ 10−3
𝑅𝑖𝑛 − 𝑍𝑐 390.976 − 300
Γin = = = 0.13166
𝑅𝑖𝑛 + 𝑍𝑐 390.976 + 300

1 + |Γ|
𝑉𝑆𝑊𝑅 =
1 − |Γ|

1 + |0.13166|
𝑉𝑆𝑊𝑅 = = 1.303
1 − |0.13166|