COHERE

11

Architectural Design Studio

RVCA | BArch15B
CREDIBILITY Contents
Syllabus
Introduction - Climate Responsive Architecture
Cohere
Core Content
Volume 2
Transects and Classification
2018 C OA S TA L
RV College of Architecture

This book is a documentation and research published as a PROGRAM Overview

part of Architctural Design Studio of 2018 in RV College of Research
Architecture, Bangalore Tourism
Vocational Training
Research and Publication under the guidance of Community Edge
Diya Banerjee
Seasonal Cycle
Govind Rao
Raji Sunderkrishnan CONTEXT Physiography
Swetha Gowri Climate
Hydrology
Geology
All information unless cited are primarily documented by
Biodiversity
7-B, B.Arch Batch of 2015 of RV College of Architecture.
Gratitude towards the seniors and the post graduate students SITE Neighbourhood
for their previous studies which were referred to during the Site Photogrid
research and publication. Efforts are made to authentically Site Serial Vision
source all the photographs and data referred to. Land Suitability
Composition W E STE RN G H AT S
Keerthana Vivin, Ketan Naidu, Kirthan Shekar, Krishna
Vamsi, Madhuri Sharma, N Srishti Prabakar, Namitha PROGRAM Overview
Gurumurthy, Neha Harish, Niriksha R Kadur, Paarth Agrawal, Hydrological Research
Pravani Pagadala,Ravi Kiran, Sachin Gola, Sumanth,Sadhvi Agriculture and Cultivation
Chandrakesari Coffee Plantations
Tourism
Layout and Cover
Vocational Training
Kirthan Shekar, Neha Harish
Community and Public Edge
Brief and Introduction Final Program
Swetha Gowri CONTEXT Physiography
Climate
Print
Hydrology
Kapricorn Prints, Sangam Circle, JP Nagar, Bangalore
Geology
Cohere , vol 2, RVCA B.Arch15B, 2018 Biodiversity
Land Use
 CONTEXT Physiography
SITE Immediate Context
Climate
Physiography
Biodiversity
Site Photogrid
Landmarks
Key Features
Immediate Context
Photo Sections of Site
SITE About Site
Land Suitability
Site Analysis
Hydrology
TECNIQUE Passive design Techniques
Biodiversity and Ecology
Hydrology and Vegetation
IMH Layers
TECHNIQUES AND STRATEGIES Key Climate Responsive Strategies
Material Matrix
Material Map
Site Sustainability and Planning
Roofing
Walling
Flooring
Fenestrations

M O D E R AT E
PROGRAM Overview
Research
General framework
Fina Program
CONTEXT Physiography
Climate
Biodiversity
Landmarks
Immediate Context
SITE About Site
Site Analysis
TECNIQUE Passive design Techniques
Hydrology and Vegetation

HOT AND D RY

PROGRAM Overview
Research
General framework
Fina Program

OBJECTIVE:
To enable the students to integrate design with history, theory, building construction and material
science in a more informed way.
OUTLINE:
To understand the role of built environments of increasing complexity by:
a) Intrinsic factors: Size, volume, levels, functional spaces or zones, structural possibilities
b) External factors: site, approach, traffic, ecology, services
c) Constraints: bye-laws, budget, ideology, attitudes
d) Create an ‘ Identity’ to the Campus through integration of the above.
MODES OF STUDY:
The aim of the studio is to explore STRUCTURING: structuring of a research or a case study,
structuring of the program, spatial structuring and informal structuring.
Structuring of research:
Case studies, reading material and site studies have to be a directed exercise with the involvement
of tutors where visiting the project of concern would be of utmost importance. This studio is also
about how one organizes research. It should be mandatory to use analytical models, diagrams to
understand the chosen case study in terms of Design Intent, site and spatial structuring. There
needs to be emphasis on Graphical consistency and legibility of the study. It is recommended to
add a reading list as part of the studio to further enrich this discussion about institutions. Once
a week, students could be asked to present the case studies and selected readings to the class.
Structuring program:
Studying requirements from various point of views which include relationship between
requirements and values, requirements and phenomenology, area of the site and functional area
requirements, issues of public and private domains, open and closed spaces, interrelationship
between the various components, formal and informal, service requirements, relationship
between whole and the part, requirement and climate etc. information resulting from this
exercise becomes the individual’s program for the project which can then lead to structuring of
space.
PROJECTS
a). One major project and one minor/time project to be tackled in the semester. Institutional
projects like facilities of higher learning, such as, Engineering college campus, medical college
campus, management institute campus, hotel management institute, Law college campus, Dental
college campus, Nursing college campus, Juvenile Correction Centre, etc.
b). The minor project could include a case study documentation of the project proposed for the
design intervention. This work could be done in a group and as part of its findings shall be an
outline program to be a major project.
Syllabus
In view of the current urban contexts where land is precious and resources are scarce, the
project could also be institutional buildings on a small urban plot, on multiple levels and still
engage with its context and establish an environment within that captures the essential nature of
an institution. However, Project selection is left to the discretion of the tutors.
Project work could be done in 5 stages of activity jointly with research and analysis.
1. Introduction to the initial design parameters which include choice of:
a. Geography/situation (context)
b. Constraints (bye-laws, budget, ideology, attitudes, etc.)
2. Spatial structuring: To understand spatial structuring as a set of logical operations after an
analytical understanding of the site, surroundings, program and intent expressing diversity of
program and its resulting spatial variety and the relationship between the built and the unbuilt
established through movement systems ,linkages and nodes etc.
3. Informal structuring: Architecture is an integrative discipline. Establishment of a structure
enables reverse integration with other subjects where the students look beyond their studio
offering a mechanism to observe the surroundings and document it, understand history and
theory analytically, integrate design with building construction, climatic, environmental and
material science in a more informed way.
4. The design exercise shall focus on ideas of scale, engagement (social, economic, political),
hierarchy, public/private space, and challenge the students to reflect on these as part of the
design development. The emphasis should be to establishing these larger goals as part of the
discussion on the nature of an institution.
5. Goal of the studio shall be to see the architect as instigator - defining the nature of engagement
with the city, through the articulation of the program and its relationship with the context. Studio
must provoke students to define clearly their agenda and to think of architecture as an active,
live engagement rather than a passive and inert one. By having students spell out a hypothesis it
then doesn’t matter what the type is. This prepares the students to frame a series of questions
to address the problem at hand.

PROBLEM:
We started off the studio with two parallel discussions: one was to enquire into the themes
presented in the syllabus such as “Meta Architecture” and “Performative Surfaces” and the other
was to confront each of our personal position on Climate Change and how the impending
apocalypse is not arriving tomorrow, we are in it, breathing its air.
The latter conversation resulted in a lot of personal stories being shared and corresponding
connections and disconnections with events in our larger world; stories of growing up in the
village and foraging for greens, and how that relates to the epidemic of malnourishment in rural
India; stories of craft, of using objects made by hand and how the ubiquitous plastic has replaced
everything of such value; stories about farmers dying, famine and debt in villages and how in the
cities there’s never a dearth of grains and groceries in neatly packaged plastic bags; stories about
young, uneducated road-workers in Leh, chipping away at mountains and the social inequity
between rural and urban India; stories about beauty and waste.
We collectively decided that this had to be addressed and explored in terms of Architecture:
the implications and possibilities. What can Architecture become when we look at it through the
window of such stories.
PROCESS:
The studio started with physical geography; of understanding where we are. 9 transects were
taken through the Deccan Plateau, especially focusing on Karnataka and looking at the terrain
across the transects from coast to the inland. Important towns were identified along the
transects and the respective climate and socio-cultural context was studied. What emerged
when we looked at the smattering of towns and cities along the 9 transects were 4 distinct
climatic zones, the Coastal, Ghats, Moderate and Hot-Dry. As the study evolved for each of the
respective zones, serious ecological and social concerns also emerged. A broad outline for the
program was evolved from these issues for each of the zones.
METHOD:
The studio was divided into 4 groups based on the 4 distinct climate zones and specific
sites, approximately 10 acres each, were chosen in each of these climate zones for the final
Architectural Intervention.
SITE:
Coastal Zone: A site between Kumta and Gokarna
Ghats: A site in Madikeri
Moderate: A site in Nandi Hills
Hot and Dry: A site in Gulbarga district
Introduction
PROGRAM:
The issues that emerged for each of the Climate zones were crystallized into an Area Program
(~8000sqm) with a central Research Component (“Institution”) and a substantial Community
Component and a Tourism Component.
Coastal Zone: Marine Ecosystem Research Center
Ghats: Hydrology and Ecosystem Management Center
Moderate: Recycling and Waste Management Research Center
Hot and Dry: Agricultural Research and Water Management Resource Center
PRODUCTION:
Throughout the semester there was equal emphasis on Group work as well as Individual work.
The studio started with trying to understand the macro-scale impact of anthropogenic events;
with a large research component focusing on regionally-relevant ecological and social issues
pertaining to Climate Change and Urbanization. The design agenda emerged only in the 6th
week of Studio and started with developing the program for their intervention. This was done in
groups of 4 based on the climate zones.
After the Mid-Semester Review, we started again with group work, this time exploring Climate
responsive attitudes toward the Site and Architecture at the micro-scale of the specific sites
and the intended intervention. Relevant architectural construction techniques pertaining to the
specific Climate zones were documented (sourced from Vernacular precedents and contemporary
experiments); systems and materials for walls, fenestration, roofing and flooring were explored.
The specific sites in each zone were investigated in layers of ecology, hydrology and vegetation in
order to construe a framework for intervening in the site (and experiencing the site).
The expectation after the group study was that these would be applied and adapted to each of
the individual designs resulting in unique variations based on conceptual and contextual iterations
by each of the students. The last few weeks of the semester were dedicated to developing the
individual Designs responding to the respective context and exploring materials and detail.
 Core Content

Translations are a key component to achieving end impacts. But the right applied
techniques of producing the results are what forms the key component to
achieving lesser impact. This volume of Part II of the book comprises of earthed
techniques, material understanding, and climatic responsive methodologies
that guide and influence architectural embodiment. Contextual approaches to
creating a built fabric that simultaneously is conscious of its footprint is the
ultimate tackle of the approach. The gesture of involving a humanistic approach
aids in incorporating the intention from the earlier stages of the process. This
finds expression in the formulation of the programme that is heavily specific to
the regions, the sites and the people.The end goal was to achieve a programmatic
application to the built component that is not too far away from establishing
direct relations to the people through specific site conditions and necessities.
Coastal Plains
Program Program Overview

Coastal Plains
AGENDAE Architecture specifically and non-specially reacting to the direct needs of
its user allows for a cohesive dialogue between the dweller and the built.
RESEARCH Research data and statistics has to reach out to the public in usable form This specific idea to bring about larger interaction within the built fabric
as well as with the natural surroundings provides base to the overview of
AGRICULTURE Self sustenance and the establishment of “Coastal Grown” the program. As a reactionary approach, it deals directly with the natural
and social issues of the region, in order for a person to be able to form
a connect with the built immediately. With a larger encompassing goal for
TOURISM Communinty based sustainable tourism the area, the programme allows for various factions that respond to the
localised necessities, but also keeping in mind their diverse orientations and
WILDLIFE Protection and Conservation through awareness hence a desperate need for integration as the agenda, in order to prevent
the regression of an individual program into becoming introverted and
independent. The overlapping of the various components of the programme
FISHERY Promotion and preservation of artisanal fishing techniques
allows for a dialogue amongst themselves and this then engages directly with
the user groups to also allow for their cohesive integration on site.
KNOWLEDGE BANK Usage of research component to bring about awareness by incorporating the public edge

RESEARCH TOURISM AGRICULTURE PUBLIC FRONT KNOWLEDGE BANK

USER MODEL
ISSUES USER GROUPS TARGET GROUPS

Climate change and Global warming Research groups Mogaveeras

NGOs Farmers
Activists
Coastal Address systems

Mangrove depletion Revival Activists Fishing communities

Coral depletion analysts Agriculturists

Non-Artisanal fishing All fish consumers Mogaveeras and sub-sects

Deterioration of Agriculture Research organisations Agricultural communities

Bunts

Large influx of tourism - Sustainable tourism organisations Local communities

Pilgrimage and Leisure Eco-tourism promoters Long term tourists
Short term tourists

Conservation of culture Youth Students, Kudubi, Halakki and

Tourists other native communities
Artisan / performer

Deterioration of flora and fauna Nature activists Fishing companies

NGOs Tourists

Karnataka
Program
Research

Coastal Plains
Research in modern times is often warded off as a department of education that has a higher signified status attached to its name. Any field of research is often regarded as an educational counterpart to its field
of knowledge. Many a times the research that has been carried out with a motive goes straight into archivals and is not fruitful in its applicative component. Ity fails at a basic level where it becomes unreachable
and hence, regressive. All researches are carried out in order to give test results and to draw conclusions from. These results are often intended to be applied by the law makers or other organisational bodies
for their comprehensive effect on the societies. However, individual motives with regard to monetary terms and benefactorial intentions, prove this to be in vain.
Evolutionary Biology Ɣ Survey
Ɣ Interviews With a site as sensitive as this, the prime intent for developing the programme along the lines of research was to ensure that the research, as applicative measures goes out to the public. In order to achieve
Ɣ On-site Learning this, the issues of the coast becomes the basis for developing of the programme. The end motive to integrating the research component into the mixed use was to make sure that the way in which research
Botany Ɣ Documentation Labs is carried out as well as the way research reaches the public is given new definition. Also, the second component of this intent was to not only ensure that data was reaching the masses in usable form, but
Marine + Coastal Biology also data that can prove to be helpful for the masses reaches them. Therefore, an understanding of the issues became the prime counterpart to laying a base for the types of research organisations that were
Farmers going to be part of the programme.
Zoology Humanitarian Research

Sociology
Media and Publications Fishermen Aspect Subjects of Research Research Methodologies Spatial Type Relation to Public Edge
History
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Karnataka
Program

Coastal Plains
Karnataka
 Program

Coastal Plains
Community edge and vocational training

Agriculture and fishery are the major occupations of the people in this region. A lot of NGO’s are
working towards bringing more benefits to these people through the government. But one of the most
glaring problem they face is the action of the middlemen. These middlemen are buying the goods from
these people at low prices and selling them for higher prices and making profits.In terms of the fishery,
these middlemen are involved here as well as part of using mechanical boats to fish, they are able to
go deeper into the sea and fish more when compared to the traditional fishing methods that used by
the locals. Their produce then is reduced.

As part of our program we decided to dedicate a research center for this department as well as offices
that maintain data regarding the amount of produce that is procured from the sea and wrt agriculture
the extent of land used for a certain crop. A knowledge bank was included as well to be the mitigater
between the locals and the research department. It was also necessary that we bring about awareness
in the locals regarding certain traditional methods that are employed in fishing and agriculture that
are harming the environment. So, vocational training classrooms and workshop area are dedicated to
help educate the locals about the importance of sustainable fishing and farming methods. Since these
regions have a high influx of tourists throughout the year, it was necessary that awareness about the
importance of eco-tourism had to be conveyed to the locals as well as the tourists. This aspect was
highlighted as part of the program to help spread awareness about the same through the workshops
and classes held on site.

2 Karnataka 3
 Coastal Plains
Context

Gangavali

Gokarna Road
Railway St.
Bhavikodla Madangeri

Hiregutti
Gokarna

Kudle
Tadadi
Aghanashini

Town
Village
Mirjan
Kagal Fishing port
Ferry port
SITE Aigalkurve
Railway Station

National Highway NH-66

Hubbangeri
Konkan Railway

Primary Land Route

Holangaddhe
Secondary Land Route

Ferry Route
1 Google Earth. Google Far Left Satellite Imagery of the Aghanashini Estuarine Belt 1
Inc., 2018.
Left The Accessibility Map of the Aghanashini and Gokarna
2 Mapbox Studio. Mapbox
Peninsula 2
Inc., 2018. Kumta

Karnataka
 Context
Physiography

Coastal Plains
The Estuarine landform formed by Aghanashini River forms different conditions of lands forming mainly
the Gokarna Peninsula, Aigalkurve Islands, Morba Islands and Aghanashini Peninsula.

>100 Unlike the flat coastal plains of the Canara Coast and Malabar Coast, the Konkan coast has a mixture of
a mountainous terrain which merges into the sea forming cliffs and other rocky landforms and gradual
100
plains with the beaches.
80

60

40

20

10 R. Gangavali
0

Bhavikodla

Nagarbail
Morba
Islands

Gokarna
Aghanashini
Estuary
Tadadi
50%

40% Aghanashini
Peninsula
30%

12%

10% Kagal
Aigalkurve
SITE
4%
R. Aghanashini
0 Ar abi an Sea

Kumta

1
2 3
4 9
5
6

7
8 Far Left Morphlogical Characteristics of the terrain
1
Mapbox Studio. Mapbox Inc., 2018.
NW
N
NE Left (From Top) Elevation Map, Slope Map and Aspect Map of the region
Top Terrain and the settlements in the region 1

W E

Karnataka
SW S SE
Context
Climate

Temperature (Degree celcius)
Coastal Plains
Rainy days (number)
Climate along the coast, as well as site show the heavy
presence of rains throughout the year supported by high
percentage of sunny days. The rocky outcrop in and around
the Gokarna peninsula forms small rain solar regions,
while most of the landforms are exposed to high levels of
sunlight and rain

The micro-climatic conditions of the site remains fairly

similar, following the same patterns. Only mildly affected by
the untimely cyclones that are quite rare along the Malabar
coast..

Sun hours (Hrs)

Rainfall (mm)

Wind speed (km/h)

Humidity (%)

Karnataka
 Site Geology

Coastal Plains
4 Karnataka 5
 Context
Biodiversity

Coastal Plains
The context consists of the estuary which is rich in its biodiversity interms of the varied marine life
and Gokarna which is not only rich interms of the culture aspect but also rich interms of the diverse
flora and fauna found in the region. This context is surrounded by the western ghats which add to the
diversity in flora and fauna. The land cover map gives an idea of the extent of forest cover, land cover,
grass , agricultural lands in the region.

Aghanashini River in central Uttara Kannada district of Karnataka originates in the Western Ghats
and flows westward towards the Arabian Sea, major part of its course through forested gorges and
valleys. Having no dams and no notable industrial establishments or major townships along its banks
the river may be considered one of the most pristine ones along the west coast. The River meets the
sea in the Aghanashini village of Kumta taluk. The tidal portion, or estuary, towards the river mouth is
a flat expanse of water dotted with small islands and narrow creeks. This portion, designated as the
Aghanashini estuary, is a highly productive and biologically rich waterscape of coastal Karnataka.

Mangrove vegetation is found associated with the estuaries and creeks of the Division. Obviously, before
any kind of agricultural interventions by humans, over 3000 years ago, mangrove vegetation, expectedly,
would have been intactin all suitable habitats. This traditional system of estuarine cultivation with
mangrove planting was a sustainable system. A realization on the importance of mangrove vegetation
dawned during the late 1980’s, and the Government, some institutes like the Indian Institute of Science
and NGO’s like Snehakunja, Kasarkod, entered the arena for spreading awareness on mangroves and
attempting planting in sample plots, especially in Aghanashini estuary. But it was through systematic
programmes of mangrove planting by the Forest Department, beginning in late 1990’s, that estuaries
started turning greener with mangroves.

Top left Avicennia marina (grey mangrove)

Top Middle Avicennia officinalis (Indian
mangrove)
Top RightExcoecarcia agallocha (blinding tree)
Middle left Kandelia candel (cherukandal)
Middle Proteresia coarctata (wild rice) Forest

Middle right Rhizophora apiculata (garjan)

Bottom left Rhizophora mucronata (loop-root Grass
mangrove)
Bottom Center Sonneratia alba (mangrove
apple) Land Cover

Bottom right Sonneratia caseolaris (crabapple

mangrove
Agriculture

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4 Karnataka 5
 Context Context

Gokarna Peninsula

Arabian Sea Aghanashini Estuary

Fimbristylis
pubisquama
Schoenoplectus
grossu
Casuarina

Paddy
Coconut, Areca nut
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*QS1(2N[)AOOIT-aH.S\H9N*0(,V(N of flora/fauna found in that region respectively

6 Left1 google earth map showing the part where the

1980 2000 2003 2010
section is cut.
8
 Biodiversity

Coastal Plains
Context

Aghanashini Peninsula Aghanashini Estuary

Top Left 1 Cerataulina (Phytoplankton)

top left Seaweed (Dictyota dichotoma)
top right 1Halisarca (sponges)
top right Acromitus( jellyfish )
left center Phalacrocorax fuscicollis (Indian shag)
center Dendrocygna javanica (Indian whistling duck)
left Eudocimus albus (American white ibis)
Bottom left Plesiastrea versipora
Bottom left 1 Leptastrea (family : favidae)
Bottom right 1 Favia favus (family: favidae)
Bottom right Symphyllia( family: Mussidae)

Karnataka 9
12
 Biodiversity Neighbourhood

Coastal Plains

The diversity in the marine life found in this region is because of the presence of
the esturay where the aghanashini river meets the arabian sea. There is a constant
inflow of the diverse marine life. Seasonally, different types of fish use this easturay
as a breeeding ground.
The river water carries large quantity of organic materials from the forests in the
catchment area of the Western Ghats and deposits the same in the estuary. The
debris becomes important base for food chains operating in the estuaryThe rich
mangrove vegetation of the estuary plays significant role in nutrient supply for
the diverse faunal community and provide shelter for birds and act as nurseries
for many species of fishes and prawnsThe rich bird community (over 120 species)
associated with the estuary contributes to the nutrient cycling through their potash
and nitrogen rich castings
The constant churning and circulation of waters due to flow of fresh water from
one side and the tidal influx from the Arabian Sea oxygenates the water and
circulates the nutrients. One of the most notable economic and subsistence output
Coastal Plains
Aghanashini is essentially a village that is placed along the
banks of river Aghanashini, and hence its name. The place is
approached by a ferry that is taken across the the estuary
form the Tadadi port. Being placed as an edge to the trough
that it forms along with the Gokarna hills to house the
estuary, it starkly stands out as the low-lying land following
the course of the river.
The place is marked strongly by its character that out
flows due to its nature of being an under-influenced and
untouched piece of land that stands for its preciousness
TOPOGRAPHY SETTLEMENTS that fills out the entire estuarine area. The river augments
life to the area, with livelihoods and occupations feeding off
of its ever giving nature, having sustained the growth of the
Aghanashini fish market

of the Aghanashini estuary is the bivalves (Phylum: Mollusca). The meat of these region all along the years.
invertebrates is used as a protein rich food by thousands people along the coastal
areas of Karnataka and Goa. The ferry ride is then followed with a local bus ride that
punctually operates at specific clock hours to reach the
Total annual production: Estimated at 22,006 tons, valued at Rs.57.8 million per site. The undulating ground makes for a fun experience,
annum. Most of the of bivalves harvested belong to Paphia malabarica, although with views stretching out to the ocean on one side and the
six other edible species are also gathered in lesser quantities. Bulk of the bivalve
Bari general store river on the other, pronouncing the narrow strip of land
Tea shop

harvest is from mudflats bordering the village by name Aghanashini, close to the
Ameer general store that projects into the estuary on the northern edge. Nature
mouth of the river (bearing the same name). Collectively these bivalve harvesting
Madhukar naik
General shop
serves its largest purpose of sustaining this area and the
Top Goldspot mullet, Liza parsia (common name mounts of respect that has been provided for its survival
:Madle) areas measure about 229 ha. It is significant to note that so much of food production
is without any investment or supply of feeds by humans.
General store
forms a major component of the aura of the region, with
top right Spotted Scats ( name : Hulka facts such as - the Aghanashini river being the least polluted
right ray fish river in all of India with no industries along its course
Bottom seer fish feeding any harmful effluents into its waters – solidifying its
Madhura ice effect. This then provides direct implications of response
Bottom right mackerel cream factory
on site with the biggest hints being formed with regards
VEGETATION ECOLOGICAL HOTSPOTS COMMERCIAL to the treatment of the site, the natural belt that has to
remain untouched and then the narrow window available
for impact which opens doors for responsibility and the
following acts that emerge as results of this understanding.
It was hence of utmost importance to understand that
change is inevitable to any area where there is a layer of
human interference. But what becomes necessary would
then be the extent of this influence on nature and its
Parna Kuteera
diversity and the acts that follow which help in containing
Masjid-e-Fathima
Hotel Jamia Masjid this devastating trail of our influence on nature.
Ashith Homestay Heni
Masjid-e-Farooqi

Guruprasad Jyatakeshwar Temple

Restaurant

Sri Marikamba
Blue Ocean Sands Temple
Resorts

Karnataka 13 EDUCATION TOURISM Serenity Beach Resort

RELIGION Karnataka
 High Salinity
Biodiversity

Coastal Plains
Context
The Aghanashini or Tadri river, 121 km long, originates at Manjuguni near Sirsi in Uttara
Medium Salinity Kannada Western Ghats. It meets the tide at Uppinpatna in Kumta taluk. Elements of
mangrove vegetation begin here and increase in numbers and diversity for the next 24
km of the river’s course. From the village of Mirjan, the river forms a vast expanse of
Low Salinity backwaters or estuary that runs parallel to the coast. This estuary is 13 km long and 2 to
6 km broad. The expansive and shallow nature of the estuary and the presence of several
mudflats make it ideal habitat for mangroves. The river mouth at Tadri is narrow and
situated between 2 hills of Gokarna and Kagal villages.

1 2 3 Mangroves, broadly can be classified into high salinity (>15 ppt) tolerant, medium salinity
Extisting mangrove
(5-15 ppt) tolerant and low salinity (<5 ppt) tolerant.

Potential mangrove

5 6
Rhizophora mucronata

Sonneratia alba

Avicennia officinalis

4 7 8 water
1. Jewellery seller and tourists at Om Beach
2. Fishermen at Aghanashini
vegetation
3. Commercial shopkeeper- Gokarna Market
4. Haalakki vokkaliga tribe woman
open fields
5. Brahmin priest at Ganesha Temple, Gokarna
6. Muslim Women cleaning fish- Kagal Village
7. Boat making community, Kagal village
8. Temple devotees at ganesha temple, Gokarna Top Left. map showing the potential areas for mangroves growth
9. Household at Bankikodla- Chitti Top Right Remote sensing imageries showing area under vegetation, water and open
10. Fish cleaning women at Tadadi port fields in the Aghanashini estuarine belt (including one km buffer zone)
Bottom Remote sensing data analysis for 1989, 2000, 2003 and 2010 for major
landscape/waterscape elements for Aghanashini estuary, including 1 km buffer zone

Karnataka 7
9 10
 Biodiversity

Coastal Plains
Site

Karnataka 11
10
Western Ghats
 Western Ghats
Program
Hydrological Research

4 Karnataka 5
 Western Ghats
Program
Agriculture and
Cultivation

Source every information using footnotes

and the reference number.Use MLA format
of bibliography.
1
McHarg, Ian L. Design With Nature. John
Wiley & Sons, 2005.
2
Orff, Kate. Toward An Urban Ecology. The
6
Monacelli Press, 2016.
Karnataka 7
 Western Ghats
Program
Plantations and Coffee

8 Karnataka 9
 Western Ghats
Program
Community Edge and
Vocational Training

10 Karnataka 11
 Western Ghats
Program The influx of the Navayaka
m ipsuidit modus, case vidisse laoreet quo eu. An per labores perpetua, an has saepe timeam,
Tourism and the Public Edge
tollit soleat perpetua mea at. Per quidamwswww.... (continued next page) m ipsuidit modus, case vidisse laoreet quo eu. An per labores perpetua, an has saepe timeam, tollit soleat
perpetua mea at. Per quidamwswww.... (continued next page)

Left disse laoreet quo eu. An per labores perndi persius omittam at usu, natum deleniti sea ne. Debitis neglegentur
no est, atgu;uuuuseruisse.
Top Ex erat volumus assueverit eos, at sit vidit modus, case vidisse laoreet quo eu. An per labores perpetua, an has
saepe timeam, tollit soleat perpetua mea ne.
Bottom Debitis neglegentur no est, at harum sonet habemus duo. Ex erat volumus assueverit at sit vidit modus,
The influx of the Navayaka case vidisse laoreet quo e
Source every information using footnotes
and the reference number.Use MLA format
Top Ex erat volumus assueverit eos, at sit vidit modus, case vidisse laoreet quo eu. An per labores perpetua, an has
of bibliography. m ipsuidit modus, case vidisse laoreet quo eu. An per labores perpetua, an has saepe timeam, saepe timeam, tollit soleat perpetua mea ne.
1
McHarg, Ian L. Design With Nature. John
Wiley & Sons, 2005. tollit soleat perpetua mea at. Per quidamwswww.... (continued next page) Bottom Debitis neglegentur no est, at harum sonet habemus duo. Ex erat volumus assueverit at sit vidit modus,
2
Orff, Kate. Toward An Urban Ecology. The case vidisse laoreet quo e
12
Monacelli Press, 2016.
Karnataka 13
 Detailed Programme

Western Ghats
Program

Source every information using footnotes

and the reference number.Use MLA format
of bibliography.
1
McHarg, Ian L. Design With Nature. John
Wiley & Sons, 2005.
2
Orff, Kate. Toward An Urban Ecology. The
14
Monacelli Press, 2016.
Karnataka 15
 Western Ghats
Context

Physiography

16 Karnataka 17
 Western Ghats
Context

Climate
Coorg is situated in the Western Ghats at an altitude of 1580 meters. Pleasant and
moderate climate of Coorg attracts tourists all round the year.

The average maximum temperature that has been recorded is 15° Celsius. The climate in
Coorg can get quite chilly during winter with a minimum temperature of 3° Celsius. Summer
in Coorg begins from March and is extended up to May. Days are pleasant with cool refreshing
air. Maximum temperature that has been recorded in Coorg during summer is 28° Celsius.
Occasional rains keep the temperatures in check in Coorg. At nights during summer Coorg
becomes cold with a minimum temperature of 13° Celsius. Monsoon begins in June and lasts
through late September. There will be medium rainfalls during early monsoon but it can get
heavier towards mid – August and early September. The temperature drops during monsoon.
The average maximum temperature recorded during monsoon is 12° Celsius.

18 Karnataka 19
 Western Ghats
Context
Hydrology

20 Karnataka 21
 Western Ghats
Context

Site
Soil, Physiography ang Geology

22 Karnataka 23
 Western Ghats
Context

Site
Vegetation and Physical Features

24 Karnataka 25
 Western Ghats
Site
Biodiversity

26 Karnataka 27
 Architecture

Western Ghats
Site

28 Karnataka 29
 Architecture

Western Ghats
Site

30 Karnataka 31
 Western Ghats
Site

32 Karnataka 33
 Western Ghats
Site

34 Karnataka 35
 Western Ghats
Site

36 Karnataka 37
 Western Ghats
Site

38 Karnataka 39
 Material Study

Western Ghats
Design

Possible Material Applications for Roofing, Flooring, Fenestrations and Site Planning

40 Karnataka 41
 Material Study

Western Ghats
Design

Possible Material Applications for Roofing, Flooring, Fenestrations and Site Planning

42 Karnataka 43
 Material Study

Western Ghats
Design

Possible Material Applications for Roofing, Flooring, Fenestrations and Site Planning

44 Karnataka 45
 Moderate

2
 Program

Moderate
Program Overview

The program aims to improve and uplift the places with the local community. At the same time serving the tourist to gain revenue and create aware-
ness among the public as a whole.

First we had to build a common program for Recycling and Waste management Research Centre in context of entire moderate region to
understand what it lacks and how can we solve or atleast provide a platform for others to help with the issues.
To start with we looked at the socio-cultural and ecological problems in the districts to understand the current condition of where each of them
stand.
We were given the main division of the program:
 5HVHDUFK
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 &RPPXQLW\HGJH
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 2IÀFHVSDFH

Research

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Inefficient Mixed-land-use Sugar mills destroy the soil fertility by disposing factory residue Low Social composition of elected tribal members
Poor Market infrastructure for farmers Lack of basic health facilities in Chamarajanagar
^K/KͲh>dhZ> Increased congestion Drought ridden farmers migrated until 2017 and participation of tribal women in the decision
Decline in sales of Channapatna wood toys Damage to agricultural produce due to rain
Waste management and disposal a problem In 2017, heavy rainfall affected slums due to poor drainage making process in PRIs.

Water contamination of surface bodies and Vrishabhavathi

reservoir
Pollution of water and air Consecutive drought
Water scarcity Contamination of Cauvery Basin Decline in Groundwater-table
Es/ZKEDEd> Clogging drainage system River LOKAPAVANI dried up completely due to illegal lifting of
Pesticide poisoning among tomato and mango farmers and of 13 varieties of birds missing from sanctuary Acute drought stricken
Air quality an increasing problem due to obstructions water and lack of rainfall.
mulberry leaves plantation
Decline in population of Vulture due to Diclofinac poisoning

4 Karnataka 5
 Program
1
“Concept Note On Waste Management -
Joy Of Giving”. Joyofgiving.Alumni.Iitm.Ac.In,
2018, https://joyofgiving.alumni.iitm.ac.in/
csr/environment/concept-note-on-waste-
management-. Accessed 20 Nov 2018.
6 Karnataka
General Program
Moderate
The general program has three main facets namely the Tourism
component, Research component and the Community
component.
In moderate region, major issues common between districts were
addressed such as water scarcity and contamination, crop pattern
management, using land efficiently and providing a platform for revival
of local art and culture. Main occupations in moderate regions range
from agriculture based to multinational IT sector. Government offices to
private businesses and industries. Those were addressed too.
Research component plays an important role in achieving this where
research is done to improve the method and introduce new technology
making their method more efficient and self-sustaining. Also tourists
are used as customers bringing them closer to the local producers and
helping in the sales.
Research laboratories also research on the growing environmental
problems of water, land and waste management.
Workshops too are held where public can take part as volunteers or just
learn by signing up for the same.
These three facets of the program are interdependent and help each
other to exist and grow.
Physiography
Areas lying under moderate region are mixture of plains and hills. Hills
found in some parts of Bangalore rural, Mandya, Ramnagar, Mysore and
Chamrajanagar, are mainly composed of granite boulders and sparse
vegetation. Hence availability of flat plains led to booming agriculture
and agro-produce based economy. Sericulture too grew since mulberry
leaves required could be easily grown in these parts where weather is not
Top Waste segregation1 extreme and offers pleasant conditions all year.
Quite a few rivers originate in these areas for example, from nandagiri
itself 5 rivers Arkavathy,Papagni, South Pennar, North Pennar and Palar
originate and Cauvery flows through the region, all of which fulfills the
7
 Context
need of water for agriculture and sericulture.

Moderate
Topography is hilly at the southermost part of
karnataka in Chamrajnagar called as BR hills
home to Soliga tribe. and it flattens out at some
parts where cities grew mainly Bangalore and
Mysore.

SITE
Micro-Climate
Location: SH 74, Kempathimmanahalli,
Nelamangala-Chikkaballapura Rd, Karnataka
562110

The satellite image on the next page shows

the location of the site located between
the hills in the valley on the way to Nandi
hills. Granite hills either side of the site with
sparse vegetation. Also eucalyptus plantation
on either side of the road provide no real
relief at the same time using a lot of ground
water and depleting soil resources. The
elevation of site to MSL is +988m and the
elevation of horagina betta and other mound
is +1398m and +1159m respectively.

1 “Physical Map Deccan Plateau”. Homesecurity.Press, 2018, https://

homesecurity.press/quotes/physical-map-deccan-plateau.html. Accessed 20

Nov 2018.

Left Topography map of Southern Karnataka1

8 Karnataka 9
 Site

Moderate
Cloudy, sunny, and precipitation days Maximum temperatures Precipitation amounts

SITE

Left Satelite view of Nandi hills on Google Earth1

Above Weather archive graphs of Site2

Wind speed
1 Google Earth

2 meteoblue. (2018). Weather Bengaluru. [online]

Available at: https://www.meteoblue.com/en/weather/
ftorecast/week/bengaluru_india_1277333 [Accessed 17
Nov. 2018].

10 Karnataka 11
 Context

Moderate
Biodiversity
The vegetation of the hills is typical of high hills. Inside the fort at the
summit, many of the large trees are planted exotics such as Eucalyptus
and the undergrowth consists of Coffea arabica along with some
native species. The forest acts as a substrate for cloud condensation
and every morning the trees are covered in water. This allows for
many moist forest species of plants and animals. The hills are very rich
in birdlife making it a very popular location for birdwatchers and bird
photographers. The evergreen forest patch on top of the hill being
a favoured wintering location for many migrant species of warblers,
flycatchers and thrushes. The forest patch is also home for a relict
population of the Nilgiri woodpigeon.A breeding pair of shaheen
falcon, the resident race of the peregrine falcon is also often seen at
the Nandi Hills. The Malabar whistling thrush, Uropeltid snakes and pill
millipedes which are otherwise known only from the Western Ghats
ranges are also found here. The hill slopes are the home of the yellow-
throated bulbul, a species endemic to the hills of peninsular India.

Left Birds of Nandi Hills, Karnataka1

12 Karnataka 13
 Immediate Context Current Status
Context

Moderate
Chikkaballapura MANY DEVELOPMENT PROJECTS UNDERWAY:
• One crore renovation of tipu fort
• one crore food court
• 30 lakh music stage
NANDI HILLS
• 140acres exotic botanical garden
• Planetarium
Nandi hills
• Gondala lift system connecting peak of Nandi with muddenahalli
• Prestige golfshire & QVCnandi hills residential projects
Horagini Betta

ITIR
Regional transport and educational Hub.
Sidlaghatta
Major site for grape & silk
Sorrounded by Panchagiri(nandigiri,chandragiri,Skandagiri , brahmagiri , hemagiri)
N-S NH7 and E-W NH234 go through the city
CHIKKABALLAPURA • A $400million pharmaceutical sez (325 acres) is coming up
• Traveler bungalow converted to State of the art bus terminus.
Doddaballapura
• A new district govt HQ and police HQ constructed at $5million

SIDLAGHATTA Known FOR RAW SILK production in the world. It has asia’s second biggest cacoon market

Known for weaving silk sarees in the past.

Economy dependent on power loom, silk Related business
Devanahalli
DODDABALLAPURA Apparel park established with various MNCs garment factories

Self contained integrated township to accelerate growth of it (residential + commercial)

Centre state partnership in conjunction with private players like mahindra life space for better marketting and provision of
facilities.
Centre - basic infrastructure (roads, rail, telecom)
ITIR - 2010
6WDWHXWLOLWLHVSRZHUZDWHUVHZHUDJHHIÁXHQWWUHDWPHQWIDFLOLWLHV
Previous Page Karnataka state electronics development corporation (keonics) earlier proposed = 50sqkm (12000acre) employment to 40
lakh by 50 companies
1
“Checklist Of Birds Of Nandi Hills,
Karnataka”. India Biodiversity Portal, 2014,
https://indiabiodiversity.org/checklist/show/67. LEGEND
Accessed 20 Nov 2018.
cropland
Less response hence delayed by over 8 years due to high realty and logistics cost
Current Page Top Landmarks and Context around the site1
Right Land use of karnataka 2
urban
rural
Latest proposed plan = 8sqkm 2072 acres (being executed in parts)
1
Mapstyle.Withgoogle.Com, 2018, https://
mapstyle.withgoogle.com/. Accessed 20 Nov
2018.
forest
wasteland
Site for international airport
2
https://www.researchgate.net/
figure/230482384_fig4_Figure-3-Land-use-
waterbodies Multibillion dollar business park having 2 it parks coming up next to airport on 400acres.
maps-of-Karnataka-for-1992-2004-reference-
and-2004-simulated
plantation
fallow DEVANAHALLI $HURVSDFHSDUNVFLHQFHSDUNDQGÀQDQFHFLW\DWELOOLRQFRPLQJXS
New satelite ring road will connect it To doddaballapura.
14 Main occuption: agriculture Karnataka 15
 Program Area Program(8000-9000 Sqm) Program

Moderate
Research & Awareness centre for waste Management, soil and water conservation 3000 sqm
Water Conservation at site and revival of The final program consists of four primary blocks with secondary divisions within each. Total
Information Centre existing stream and pond built up area allowed was 9000sqm in the site of area 41,000sqm.
- Comp. lab
- Library Planting native vegetation in catchment areas
Major chunk of the Pham program was dedicated to research and awareness centre for waste
- Discussion pods
- Exhibition/ Display of Recent research findings
management, soil and water management.

Research Laboratories
It has three research laboratories each for soil & water conservation, waste management and
- Lab(s) for Soil and water conservation
agricultural research. To supplement the research aspect we have the knowledge bank in the
- Lab(s) for Waste management
form of information centre consisting of computer labs, library, discussion pods and exhibition
- Lab(s) for agricultural + ( sericulture & viticulture) research areas. Spatial requirements include seminar halls, conference halls, office spaces for NGOs
and other non profit organisations. Also demonstration area was deemed necessary to show
Awareness Hub- dŽƉƌŽŵŽƚĞĐŽŵŵƵŶŝƚLJƉĂƌƚŝĐŝƉĂƚŝŽŶĂŶĚĞŶĐŽƵƌĂŐĞƚŚĞĐŽŵŵƵŶŝƚLJƚŽŽǁŶĂŶĚŵĂŶĂŐĞƚŚĞƉƌŽũĞĐƚƐƌĞŐĂƌĚŝŶŐ^ŽŝůĂŶĚ the local community the research findings in the manner that they can follow and apply.
tĂƚĞƌŽŶƐĞƌǀĂƚŝŽŶĂŶĚtĂƚĞƌƐŚĞĚDĂŶĂŐĞŵĞŶƚΖ
Second most important part that forms the basis of the program is the Upcycling centre for
- Classrooms - (ĞƌƚŝĨŝĐĂƚĞĐŽƵƌƐĞŽŶ͚^ŽŝůĂŶĚtĂƚĞƌŽŶƐĞƌǀĂƚŝŽŶĂŶĚtĂƚĞƌƐŚĞĚDĂŶĂŐĞŵĞŶƚ Ϳ the dry waste produced locally. It has following components-
- Seminar halls ( DƵƚŝͲƵƐĞ )
- Conference halls ( DƵƚŝͲƵƐĞ ) • Donation area
- Offices (NGOs and other organisations)
• Drop-off bay
3 Demonstration Areas
Dry waste upcycling
Upcycling Centre 1000 sqm • Processing/manufacturing space
- Donation area
- drop off area( inclusive of segregation)
• Workshop and training centre
- Upcycling space
- training space
• Retail space
- workshop space
- retail space
• Storage space to hold the raw materials
- storage space
1
It’s engages the locals and the tourists enlightening both as a consumer and producer in
Tourist Edge 2000 sqm following ways. They can contribute by-
1 Information Centre
2 Restaurants Car parking • Buying the products
3 Day-trip area with facilities
4 Retail - Silk, Wine tasting, Pottery products • Attending workshop and spreading the knowledge ahead and applying in daily life by
5 Workshops - Silk weaving, Pottery upcycling waste
6 Hiking and cycling club Bike & bicycle Parking

8 Exhibition areas - Photography And Silk Production process • Donating waste to nerest upcycling centres
Media1.Popsugar-Assets.Com, 2018, https:// Community Edge 2000-3000 sqm
Third integral part that forms the program is the tourist edge which not only provides a
1

m e d i a 1 . p o p s u g a r- a s s e t s . c o m / f i l e s / t h u m b o r /
IKSr4MlwQdRKTbqtOVcvG5kGZH8/fit-in/1024x1024/ 1 Sunday Market i. Silk products(silk revival) Temporary shades for local fair.
ÀOWHUVIRUPDWBDXWRVWULSBLFFQ
22441/16069836598fa537b9da62.49616226_edit_img_
2 Seed Bank source of revenue but also educates the public, enlightening them of the reality and bursting
cover_file_24338804_1478372400/i/Cool-Upcycling-
Projects.jpg. Accessed 20 Nov 2018.
3 Resource centre for farmers Silk rearing the bubble they live so comfortably in. Tourist edge consists of information centre, resurgent
2
“Facility”. Wdb.Co.In, 2018, https://www.wdb.co.in/
facility.html. Accessed 20 Nov 2018.
4 Seminar/AV Room like restaurant, day trip facilities to nearby attractions, retail of local produce, trekking and
Training centre - Temporary shades for holding workshops cycling hub and exhibition areas.
i. For Silk rearing and reeling
ii.Traning pottery techniques
Top Upcycled items collage1 Lastly the program serves the local community itself by providing them with a platform
5
iii. Training to save water via techniques like farm pond,
cropping pattern,RWH etc. Right Research laboratory2 and opportunity to sell through Sunday market. Hold workshops and teach them the latest
technological advancement in local arts and techniques of their age old practices like silk
rearing, pottery and farming. Teaching them the importance and advantages of farm ponds,
6 Winery(Alternating Propreitorship), Wine Storage(Barrel rooms)
(Built Areas) (Unbuilt)
catchment areas, cropping pattern and rain water harvesting.
16 Karnataka 17
 Site About Site

Moderate
Area lying under moderate region is mainly planar compared to other
parts of Karnataka. Yet hills can be found in some parts of bangalore rural,
mandya, ramnagar and mysore, mainly composed of granite boulders
and sparse vegetation. Hence availability of flat plains led to booming
agriculture and agro-produce based economy. Sericulture too shared a
role since mulberry leaves required could be easily grown in these parts
where weather is not extreme and offers pleasant conditions all year.

Quite a few rivers originate in these areas for example, from nandagiri
itself 5 rivers originate and Cauvery flows through the region, all of which
fulfills the need of water for agriculture and sericulture.

Site is located in Kempathimmanahalli, Nelamangala-Chikkaballapura Rd,

on the way to Nandi Hills. Site has a total area of 45679sqm or 11.287
acres. It is a linear site with longest side being 434m in length along the
road lined with eucalyptus trees on it’s North and a naala on it’s southern
edge. At the west end are water tank, pond and eucalyptus plantation.

Site being in a valley is flanked on Northern and southern side by hills one
being a famous trekking route called Horagini Betta.

Site was sparsely vegetated with two trees on the site and the rest along
the road at the periphery.

There are a lot of Cafes, lodges and shops coming up on this road enroute
to Nandi hils. A silk factory Swan Silks Pvt. Ltd. is located right opposite,
beyond the northern side of the site. Going beyond the west side of the
site, proposed ITIR is coming up in next 6-8 years bringing with it metro
and cab connectivity to the site.
1
Google Earth

Left Google Earth view with site marked out1

Left bottom CAD plan
Top to bottom self clicked On site pictures

18 Karnataka 19
 Site Analysis

Moderate
Spring Equinox - March 20 Rise/Set - 5:54/18:01 Summer Solstice - June 21 Rise/Set - 5:24/18:19 Site Analysis

Looking at the transformation of the context over a

Fall Equinox- September 22
period of 17 years, we find the diminishing green cover
over the hills near the site, increase in the built strutures
with rising popularity of nandi hills as the tourist attraction
over the years. Increased public inflow, Building of roads,
eucalyptus plantation and industries located in the region
add to the resource crunch and imbalance in the ecological
cycle.
The linear site along E-W axis slopes gradually
downwards from east to west and being part of the valley
the main water chnnel flows through the site since the
lowst most point lies at the centre of it along E-W axis.
Site itself curves concave at the centre with edges being
on higher altitude thus channeling water to the centre of
the site.
Rise/Set - 5:38/17:45 Winter Solstice - December 21 Rise/Set - 6:07/17:27 Left Tracking Sun path throughout the year on our site
Top Wind movement at our site
Bottom Topography of immediate context of site

20 Karnataka 21
 Moderate
Bottom Past years Satelite images of our site and context
A water tank is located far west end beyond the site where
1

Right corner Slope and Elevation map of Site

Bottom right Google earth elevation profile (Section 1-5)
all the water gets collected. Also an Eucalyptus plantation is
located just outside the site on the westend. Since it is a very
water-intensive species, a pond to act as a water catchment to
hold water for the plantation grown for business sales.
Elevation defference between East and west end of site is 13m
over a distance of 434m. Section 1-5 depict the concave nature
of the site forming a channel for runoff water. Erosion takes place
within site due to lack of vegetation and water flowing down to
the tank.
The elevation of site to MSL is +988m and the elevation
of horagina betta and other mound is +1398m and +1159m
respectively.
The site apart from being in moderate region faces extra heat
due to the radiation from the two granite hills on either side
2002 adding to the problem.

2005 2008 2010

2013 2016 2018

22 Karnataka 23
 Design

Moderate
Response Design response

The design should strongly root for itself. Search for meaning
and solutions from principles of regional/vernacular architecture and
reincarnate itself as embodiment of contemporary expression instilled
with traditional wisdom. The identity of the building be an outcome of
the interplay between the older principles and newer materials.
Articulation of the building character through details drawn from
the traditional principles, but the nature of the buildings remaining
current. The aim is to utilize both active and passive energy efficient
Previous Page
methods in its climatic design.
1
Google earth

Current Page
1
”3.2 Design For Hot-Arid Zones”. Nzdl.
Org, 2018, http://www.nzdl.org/gsdlmod?e=d-
Native vegetation is self-reliant and needs no care or planning for
00000-00---off-0envl--00-0----0-10-0---0---
0direct-10---4-------0-1l--11-en-50---20-about- it to prosper under natural conditions. Native Deciduous trees allow
--00-0-1-00-0--4----0-0-11-10-0utfZz-8-00&c-
enough heat gain for passive heating and daylight during the winter
season. Tree planted within a certain distance of a building provides
shade only during evening or morning hours, but not at midday, the
hottest time during summers.

Wind orientation to be such that it provides sufficient air circulation,

buildings should be scattered and have a low population density.

Minimise ex- Minimise In- Removal Provision of addi- Cross-ventilation can be achieved by raising the floor above the
ternal load due ternal heat of heat tional cooling ground to allow for a better ventilation. Houses are best built on stilts
to climate load or at least on raised platforms.
Reduction of pene- Reduction of Ventilation Earth Contact buildings
tration of direct sun casual gains Valley bottoms are additionally heated by reflection of sun radiation
Reduction of Evaporative cooling from the surrounding granite hills during the day and t’s cooler with an
conduction of heat average temperature 21 C during the night due to heat loss and cold air
through walls/roofs replacing rising hot air.
5HGXFWLRQRILQÀO- Radiative cooling
tration of outside Southern facade to have minimum and small openings for ventilation
hot air due to maximum heat gain from the sun during the hottest part of the
Topleft Sunpath diagram
Topmost Thermal and precipitation effects of Valleys on site1
day.
Topcentre Impact of Earth on cooling effect on building and heat sink1 Left Passive design techniques for moderate climate1
Above Axo of typical structure depicting passive cooling techniques 1

24 Karnataka 25
 Design
Hydrology and vegetation

Moderate
Response
Bioswales are landscape elements designed to concentrate or
remove debris and pollution out of surface runoff water. They consist
of a swaled drainage course with gently sloped sides (less than 6%) and
filled with vegetation, compost and/or riprap.The water’s flow path,
along with the wide and shallow ditch, is designed to maximize the time
water spends in the swale, which aids the collection and removal of
pollutants, silt and debris. Bioswales are also beneficial in groundwater
recharge and are great stormwater mitigation tools.
Planning for these things is an important step, which can include
the introduction of filters or large rocks to prevent clogging. Annual
maintenance through soil testing, visual inspection, and mechanical
testing are also crucial to the health of a bioswale.
A common application is around parking lots, where substantial
automotive pollution is settled on the paving and then flushed by the
first instance of rain, known as the first flush. The bioswales, or other
type of biofilter, can be created around the edges of parking lots to
capture and treat the stormwater runoff before releasing it to the
watershed or storm sewer.
SOURCE: “Bioswale”. En.Wikipedia.Org, 2018, https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bioswale. Accessed 19 Nov 2018.

Terrace gardening is another landscaping element with high

initial construction cost but gives good returns over time and at the
same time is aesthetic appealing. It involves gardening of grass, plants
and only a few trees directly above the columns.
Terrace gardening consists of 7 layers topmost being the plant
1
”What’S A Bioswale?”. Lifestyle Magazine
)/  KWWSOPJÁFRPZKDWVDELRVZDOH
Accessed 20 Nov 2018.
level below which comes the growing medium that consists of all the
2
“Momento”. Tefallenangel.Blogspot.
nutrients. below it comes the filter sheet that filters the irrigation
Com, 2008, http://tefallenangel.blogspot.
com/2008/10/. Accessed 20 Nov 2018. water to be reused for the same. Next comes the drainage layer that
3
Bluegreenbldg.Org, 2018,
bluegreenbldg.org/wp-content/
http:// facilitates the movement of water back to the source for reuse. A
uploads/2010/11/castrovalleylibsmall2010-9.
jpg. Accessed 20 Nov 2018.
protection layer comes next to protect the last layer below ie the
Roof slab. Roof slab is waterproofed to avoid seepage of water in case
4
“Really Interesting Things You Need To Know
About Retention Ponds”. Helpsavenature,
2018, https://helpsavenature.com/things-
of any leaks.
you-need-to-know-about-retention-ponds.
Accessed 20 Nov 2018.
Leftmost Top Bioswale detail1
Leftmost bottom Terrace gardening2
Top Bioswale3
Above Retention pond4

26 Karnataka 27
 Design

Moderate
Response Hydrology and vegetation

Rainwater harvesting (RWH) is a simple method by which rainfall

is collected for future usage. The collected rainwater may be stored,
utilised in different ways or directly used for recharge purposes. With
depleting groundwater levels and fluctuating climate conditions, RWH
can go a long way to help mitigate these effects. Capturing the rainwater
can help recharge local aquifers, reduce urban flooding and most
importantly ensure water availability in water-scarce zones. Though the
term seems to have picked up greater visibility in the last few years,
it was, and is even today, a traditional practice followed in rural India.
Some ancient rainwater harvesting methods followed in India include
madakas, ahar pynes, surangas, taankas and many more.

This water conservation method can be easily practiced in

individual homes, apartments, parks, offices and temples too, across
the world. Farmers have recharged their dry borewells, created water
banks in drought areas, greened their farms, increased sustainability of
their water resources and even created a river. Technical know how
for the rooftop RWH with direct storage can be availed for better
implementation. RWH An effective method in water scarce times, it is
also an easily doable practice.
SOURCE: “Save Time And Improve Your Marks With Citethisforme, The No. 1 Citation Tool”. Cite This For Me, 2018, http://www.
citethisforme.com/mla8/source-type. Accessed 19 Nov 2018.

1
Us, About et al. “Rain Gardens & Bioswales
- The Watershed Project”. The Watershed
Project, 2018, http://thewatershedproject.org/
rain-gardens-bioswales/. Accessed 20 Nov
2018.

2 “
Green”. The Cedars Ranch, 2018, http://
thecedarsranch.com/green. Accessed 20 Nov
2018.

3
“Collecting And Using Rainwater
At Home CMHC - Satukis.Info”.
Satukis.Info, 2018, http://satukis.

Left Rain Garden1

Top Rain water harvesting2
Bottom RWH process3

28 Karnataka 29
 Design

Moderate
Response Case Study

Teri SRC building, Bangalore

Architect - Nisha Mathew | Soumitro Ghosh
Type - Residence + Office
Key features -
• Natural lighting in N-E & N-W courtyards
• Roof insulation - Precast hollow Terracotta Curved panels
• Thick south & South western wall having wet services within.
Wet services provide pockets of cavities within the wall acting as a shield from heat gain.
• Excellent ventilation thus not requiring artificial air-conditioning.
• Electricity consumption -
Summer: 240 units
Monsoon: 255 units
Winter: 160 units
The building is located in a long and narrow site, where the southern side has an open drain. The
primary winds blow from south to north. The building was oriented along the east-west axis so as to
have maximum exposure along north and south which is the most recommended orientation in solar
passive architecture. The building opens towards the northern side, taking advantage of glare- free light.
The wall towards the south is made into a blank wall, allowing the breeze to flow over the building,
which in turn, creates negative pressure and starts pulling fresh air from the north into the building.
The black south wall was treated as in independent system linking the rear walls of the building
over a cavity. This cavity creates a negative pressure setting up the conventional currents. This causes
the air in the cavity to rise upwards through conventional means. These conventional currents are
pulled up by the natural winds blowing south to north. This creates a vaccum at the top core of
the structure. To fill this vaccum, air from inside is drawn up which is again pulled up by moving
conventional currents. This system of the hot air rising up and drawing of the cool fresh air is a
continuous process. Hence, reverse wind circulation is established by bringing in the fresh air from the
north open face of the building and drawing it through the entire section of the structure and removing
it by conventional means up through solar wind vents.

Left Drawings of TERI SRC1

1
 (QHUJ\(IÀFLHQW %XLOGLQJV ,Q ,QGLD 0LOL Top Interior views of TERI SRC1
Majumdar,TERI & MNRE, 2001. 2001, Accessed
20 Nov 2018.

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