INSTITUT PENDIDIKAN GURU MALAYSIA

KAMPUS TENGKU AMPUAN AFZAN

KUALA LIPIS

PRINCIPLE OF ENGLISH LANGUAGE TEACHING (ELE3102)

NAME : SITI NOOR SAKINAH BT SH ISMAIL

IC NUMBER : 880209 – 06 – 5672
UNIT : PISMP MATEMATIK INTAKE JANUARI 2009

LECTURER : CIK RAJA NORITA BIN RAJA SAMSUDIN

DUE DATE : 27 SEPTEMBER 2010

 TITLE PAGE

PRINCIPLE OF ENGLISH LANGUAGE TEACHING (ELE3102)

ENGLISH DEPARTMENT

IPGM KAMPUS TENGKU AMPUAN

AFZAN KUALA LIPIS

 HALAMAN PENGAKUAN

“I am Siti Noor Sakinah BT Sh. Ismail admit that this is my own work except for the
same fact I used based on the sources”

Prepared by:

………………………………….

(SITI NOOR SAKINAH BT SH ISMAIL)

ACKNOWLEDGEMNT

Thank Allah Almighty because with His bless, finally, I have finished my task on

the due time.

I would like to thank to all party who involved in finishing this assignment. A lot of

thank especially for our lecturer cik Raja Norita Bt Raja Shamsudin because of her

support and guard in order to understand the task.

Not forgotten, a lot of thank to our classmate PISMP MT who contribute idea and

give me support for us to finish this assignment.

A thousand thank for those who involve direct and indirectly in this task. Also

thank to my parent because of their support.

Hopefully, this task will help all of us to understand more about the approach and

method in teaching.

Thank you.
CONTENT
BI MATTER
L
Halaman Judul
Halaman Akuan
Acknowledgement
Content
Student profile

1. Task question
2. Introduction
3. Compare and contrast
4. Reflection
5. Attachment
STUDENT’S PROFILE

NAME : SITI NOOR SAKINAH BT SH ISMAIL

DATE OF BIRTH : 09 FEBRUARI 1988

IC NUMBER : 880915 – 13 - 5033

ADDRESS : NO 113 FELDA CHINI TIMUR 03,

26690 CHINI,

PAHANG DARUL MAKMUR.

OPSYEN : PISMP MT

INTAKE : JANUARY 2009

LECTURER : YM CIK RAJA NORITA BIN RAJA SAMSUDIN

QUESTION
B. ACQUISITION OF KNOWLEDGE AND
SKILL
TASK 3: - INDIVIDUAL TASK

Compare and contrast any two of the methods

above and write an essay of about 350 words
on it.
1.0 INTRODUCTION

Principle of English language teaching is one of the elective subjects. One of the
subtopic in this subject is “Approach and Method in Teaching”. There are several
approach and method that have been taught which is audio-lingual method, direct
method, silent way, communicative approach, community language teaching and total
physical response. All of this method and approach have been discussed in the lecture.

In this task, I have to make a comparison between two method of teaching. Thus,
I decide to make a comparison between Audio-lingual Method and Total Physical
Language.

Here is some introduction about these two methods. Audio-lingual method is

method which a style of teaching used in teaching foreign languages. It is based on
behaviorist theory, which professes that certain traits of living things, and in this case
humans, could be trained through a system of reinforcement—correct use of a trait
would receive positive feedback while incorrect use of that trait would receive negative
feedback.

Total Physical Response is a language teaching method built around the

coordination of speech and action; it attempts to teach language through physical
(motor) activity. Developed by James Asher, a professor of psychology at San Jose
State University, California, it draws on several traditions, including developmental
psychology, learning theory, and humanistic pedagogy, as well as on language teaching
procedures proposed by Harold and Dorothy Palmer in 1925.

That is some brief introduction about these two method of teaching. Let us
continue with the comparison between them.
COMPARE AND CONTRAST BETWEEN AUDIO-LINGUAL METHOD AND TOTALLY
PHYSICAL RESPONSE

In discussing the comparison between these methods of teaching and learning,

several characteristics have to be covered including concepts, role of teacher and
student, instructional material and weakness and strength. This essay will discuss the
comparison between audio-lingual method (ALM) that were developed during world war
two and Totally Physical Response (TPR) which has been named as “the
comprehension approach”.

ALM is a language teaching method that more to speaking and listening skill.
Listening and speaking should be thought before reading and writing while TPR is a
language teaching method which is based on coordination of speech and action. The
objectives of ALM are to gain control of structures of sound, form and order and mastery
over symbols of the language while the objective of TPR is for students enjoying their
experience in learning to communicate in a foreign language. In fact, the TPR was
developed in order to reduce the stress people feel when studying foreign languages.

The ALM’s activities includes dialogue memorisation, repetition drill, single-slot

substitution drill, chain drill, transformation drill, minimal pairs, complete the dialogue
and grammar games while the TPR’s activities rely on action based drills in the
imperative form. The use of dialogues is delayed. Typical classroom activities include
command drill, role plays on everyday situations such as at the restaurant, slide
presentations to provide a visual centre for teacher’s narration, which is followed by
commands or questions and reading and writing can also be introduced to further
consolidate grammar and vocabulary and as follow ups.

The roles of learners in ALM and TPR have the similarity which is follow the
instruction given by teacher but in ALM, student will follow the instruction given and just
receive what is being given by the teachers where else learners in TPR will listen
attentively and respond physically to commands given by the teacher. Meanwhile,
teachers’ roles in ALM are central and active. It is a teacher-dominated method. They
are like orchestra leaders where they provides models for learners to follow, controls
direction and also conducting, guiding, and controlling the students' behavior in the
target language. It same goes to teacher’s in TPR. They are also central and active. It is
the teacher who decides what to teach, who models and presents the new materials,
and who selects supporting materials for classroom use. The teacher is encouraged to
be well prepared and well organized so that the lesson flows smoothly and predictably.

The materials used in ALM are tapes and audio-visual where the language lab
often used. Meanwhile, TPR doesn’t have specific material. It is based on stage of
student. . For absolute beginners, lessons may not require the use of materials, since
the teacher's voice, actions, and gestures may be a sufficient basis for classroom
activities. Later the teacher may use common classroom objects, such as books, pens,
cups and furniture.

These two methods have weaknesses and strengths. The ALM and TPR both
give active participation of student in class and fun learning. They also have weakness
which is not more drill for grammar. For ALM, it is such a bored method for smart
student because the procedure of the ALM method is majority repeat the sentence while
for TPR, it is not easy to know whether or not the students understand because the
students can just imitate their friends and ignore the commands.

As a conclusion, ALM and TPR are same in some techniques and principles in
language teaching. Both of them are chosen because they are all currently practiced. It
depends on the teacher how she or he put these into practice. Both also have , the
strength and weakness.
REFLECTION

This is one of the task for ELE3102 subject. In this task, I have to make a
comparison between two of any approach and method in teaching that I have learn. So,
I decide to compare and contrast between Audio-lingual Method and Total Physical
Response.

I have found that it is quite easy to understand these two methods. This is
because I have learned it before. However, I stil have to read through them again and
pick up some aspect to make this comparison. Then, I decide to compare about
concepts, role of teacher and student, instructional material and weakness and strength
of these two methods.

As a future teacher, I find that there are many ways I can use in my teaching
process. Audio-lingual method and total physical response for instant, can become the
method I use.

From this task, I also discover that, teacher and learner are the two main
characters in classroom. Sometimes it can be teacher-denominated method and
sometimes it can be student-denominated center. It depends on which method teacher
want to use during teaching and learning process.

I also discover that the method that being use by teacher will effect the student
participation in classroom. These two method, ALM and TPR give active participation of
student in classroom. So, as a teacher, we need to choose the best method in teaching
to attract student attention in teaching and learning process.

Lastly, I think, as a student or learner in this IPGM, I still can improve my way in
teaching in the future time as long as you guide me. it is because here, theory have to
be learn before practice.
ATTACHMENT