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Review of Chapter Highlights

Sub-Topics of • Chapter I
Chapter III (THE PROBLEM AND ITS
(RESEARCH DESIGN) BACKGROUND)
• Chapter II
Based on the UL-Prescribed (REVIEW OF RELATED
Format of Research Report LITERATURE AND STUDIES)
• Chapter III
(RESEARCH DESIGN)
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(THE PROBLEM AND ITS (REVIEW OF RELATED

BACKGROUND) LITERATURE AND STUDIES)

• Background of the Problem • It establishes the theoretical and/or

– Nature and Extent of the Issue(s)/ Concern conceptual framework that will serve as
guide for the conduct of study
• Providing the basis for the conduct of the
• Conceptual Literature Related Literature)
investigation
– Theories, concepts, constructs, models
– General Perspectives
• Research Literature (Related Studies)
– Local Situation
– Findings of Previous Studies
• Synthesis to point out what were derived
from the study
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(RESEARCH DESIGN) Research Design

• Discusses the Methodology • Systematic plan to study a scientific
• Technique to Use problem
• Sample/Population and/or Subject • Refers to the over-all strategy that the
• Instrumentation researcher choose to integrate the
• How the data will be analyzed and different components of the study in a
interpreted inherent and logical way, thereby,
ensuring that the research problem will
be effectively addressed.
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Research Design Research Design

• Identify the research problem clearly • Effectively describe the data which
and justify its selection will be necessary to answer the
• Review previously published research questions and explain how
literature associated with the problem such data will be obtained
area • Describe the methods of analysis
• Clearly and explicitly specify research which will be applied to the data
questions central to the problem relative to the research questions
selected
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Sub-Topics in Chapter III Methodology Defined

• Research Method • The study of research methods
• The term methodology pertains to the over-
• Locale of the Study all approaches and perspectives to the
• Respondents/Subject(s) of the Study research process as a whole and is concerned
with the following main issues:
• Data-Gathering Instrument • WHY you collected certain data
• Data-Gathering Procedure • WHAT data you collected
• Treatment of Data • WHERE you collected it
• HOW you collected it
• HOW you analyzed it
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Research Method Types of Research Methods

• Refers only to the various specific tools or • Historical

ways data can be collected and analyzed – what was
• Descriptive
– what is
• Experimental
– what will be

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Descriptive Research
Locale of the Study
Method
• Case Analysis
• Introduces the location or place of conduct
• Survey
• Developmental study of the study
• Follow-Up Study • Justification for the choice of the location
• Assessment/Evaluative
• Correlation/Association
with reference to the research problem
• Comparative • Site map
• Ex-Post Facto
– A cartograph to best illustration the location
• Trend and Projection Studies
• Documentary Analysis
of the study
• Participatory

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Respondents/ Respondents/
Subjects of the Study Subjects of the Study
• Respondents of the Study (Survey) • Subjects of the Study (Assessment)
– Population – Sources of Data
– Sample – Determine who is the best person or group of
– Sampling Procedure persons to be the source of the data
• Sample Size – Identify ways to source the data
• Sampling Technique
– Probability
– Non-Probability

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Data-Gathering Instrument Data Gathering Procedure

• Questionnaire • Steps in Gathering Data
– Administration of Questionnaire • Specify Detailed Procedure
• Interview Guide/Schedule – Approval of the Conduct of the Study
– Conduct of Interview – Formulation of Instrumentation
• Documents – Conduct of gathering data
– Documentary Analysis – Collation of Data
• Observation
– Quantitative and Qualitative Data
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Treatment of Data
• Qualitative
• Quantitative
– Descriptive
• Measures to Condense Data
• Measures of Centrality
• Measures of Variability
– Inferential
• Correlation
• Comparison
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