INTRODUCTION

1
 CHAPTER-1

1. INTRODUCTION TO ELECTRICAL POWER SYSTEM

Electrical Power System protection is required for protection of both user

and the system equipment itself from fault, hence electrical power system is not
allowed to operate without any protection devices installed. Power System fault
is defined as undesirable condition that occurs in the power system. These
undesirable conditions such as short circuit, current leakage, ground short, over
current and over voltage. With the increasing loads, voltages and short-circuit
duty in distribution system, over current protection has become more important
today.

The ability of protection system is demanded not only for economic

reason but also consumers just expect ‘reliable’ service. In a Power System
Protection, the system engineer would need to a device that can monitor current,
voltage, frequency and in some case over power in the system. Thus a device
called Protective Relay is created to serve the purpose. The protective relay is
most often relay coupled with Circuit Breaker such that it can isolate the
abnormal condition in the system. In the interest of reliable and effective
protection, some designers of power distribution/power controllers select relay
as opposed to electro-magnetic circuit breakers as a method of circuit
protection.

Designing a differentiated motor drive is a complex task. Often these

drives are single processors that combine constraints of real-time embedded
designs such as limited memory size and processing time, with the
complications that motors bring – electrical noise and faults. When you add
functional safety and certification requirements – the new design, test and
documentation deliverables require a significant amount of additional effort.

2
The additional functional safety requirements are often seen as an even bigger
constraint and too difficult to deliver a differentiated, functional safety motor
drive on time or on budget.

Safety certification efforts directly impact time to market and can often
have drastic impact on project costs. Recertification for product updates often
becomes a reason to delay or a rationale for skipping design updates altogether.
To help ease the functional safety design process, Safe design packages from
Texas Instruments (TI) for functional safety help solve these issues by easing
the design and certification process for designers and allow the engineering and
marketing teams’ to focus on delivering successful, differentiated products.

3
COMPONENT
DESCRIPTION

4
 CHAPTER-2

COMPONENTS DESCRIPTION

 A.C power supply

 DTMF decoder
 Microcontroller
 Relays
 Rectifier
 IR Sensors
 Conveyor Assembly

5
COMPONENT
EXPLANATION

CHAPTER-3

6
 COMPONENT EXPLANATION

3.1 POWER SUPPLY UNIT

The AC power supply unit is vital component in modern electronic

devices as they need a wide range of AC voltages for their operations. The
purpose of a power supply is to provide the required amount of power specified
voltage from primary source.

3.1.1 Current sensor

The Allegro ACS756 shown in figure 2, family of current sensor ICs

provides economical and precise solutions for AC or AC current sensing in
industrial, automotive, commercial, and communications systems. The device
package allows for easy implementation by the customer. Typical applications
include motor control, load detection and management, power supplies, and
over current fault protection. The device consists of a precision, low-offset
linear Hall circuit with a copper conduction path located near the die.

3.1.2 Features and Benefits of ACS756

▪ Industry-leading noise performance through proprietary amplifier and

filter design techniques

▪ Total output error 0.8% at TA= 25°C

▪ Small package size, with easy mounting capability

▪ Monolithic Hall IC for high reliability

▪ Ultra-low power loss: 130 μΩ internal conductor resistance

▪ 3 kVRMS minimum isolation voltage from pins 1-3 to pins 4-5

▪ 3.0 to 5.0 V, single supply operation

7
 ▪ 3 μs output rise time in response to step input current

▪ 20 or 40 mV/A output sensitivity

▪ Output voltage proportional to AC or DC currents

▪ Factory-trimmed for accuracy

▪ Extremely stable output offset voltage

▪ Nearly zero magnetic hysteresis

3.2 MOTOR CONTROL

In this portion the motor can be turned on or turned off. Precisely there
have been used two mobile stations: a receiver and a transmitter. The receiver
mobile is always in auto receiving mode. When a call is made by the transmitter
mobile then the call is automatically received by the receiver cell phone. Then
the transmitter mobile gives a command to the receiver mobile phone. The
command is then transferred to a DTMF decoder.

Magnetization as a function of applied field

3.3 ON-OFF STATE DETECTION

8
 Block diagram of on-off state detection for motor It is seen from the
above potion that the microcontroller receiving signal from the signal
conditioning circuit operates the relay. Same time the microcontroller sends a
command to a signal sending MS to send a signal to the transmitter mobile
station whether the motor is in on or off state.

Block diagram of on-off state detection for motor

3.4 MOTOR SAFETY

Block diagram for motor voltage safety process

In this portion motor safety is provided. At first the AC input supply

which drives the motor is rectified by a rectifier and then it is send to a signal
conditioning circuit then sends to a micro controller. Microcontroller has a
threshold value for 220V AC supply. Hence if the AC input supply reaches to a

9
over voltage or under voltage then the microcontroller commands the signal
sending modem to send a message to the controller mobile station. By this way
one can be alerted to take necessary steps to save the motor.

3.5 INTRODUCTION TO MICROCONTROLLER

A microcontroller is a kind of miniature computer that you can find in all
kinds of devices. Some examples of common, every-day products that have
microcontroller’s built-in are shown in Figure 1-1. If it has buttons and a digital
display, chances are it also has a programmable microcontroller brain.

With the help of microcontrollers, robots can also take on day-to-day

tasks, such as mowing the lawn. The BASIC Stamp module inside the robotic
lawn mower shown in Figure 1-6 helps it stay inside the boundaries of the lawn,
and it also reads sensors that detect obstacles and controls the motors that make
it move.

Microcontrollers are also used in scientific, high technology, and

aerospace projects. The weather station is used to collect environmental data
related to coral reef decay. The BASIC Stamp module inside it gathers this data
from a variety of sensors and stores it for later retrieval by scientists. The
submarine in the center is an undersea exploration vehicle, and its thrusters,
cameras and lights are all controlled by BASIC Stamp microcontrollers. The
rocket shown on the right was part of a competition to launch a privately owned

10
rocket into space. Nobody won the competition, but this rocket almost made it!
The BASIC Stamp controlled just about every aspect of the launch sequence.

Micro controller board

From common household appliances all the way through scientific and
aerospace applications, the microcontroller basics you will need to get started
on projects like these are introduced here. By working through the activities in
this book, you will get to experiment with and learn how to use a variety of
building blocks found in all these high-tech inventions. You will build circuits
for displays, sensors, and motion controllers. You will learn how to connect
these circuits to the BASIC Stamp 2 module, and then write computer programs
that make it control displays, collect data from the sensors, and control motion.
Along the way, you will learn many important electronic and computer
programming concepts and techniques. By the time you’re done, you might find
yourself well on the way to inventing a device of your own design.

3.5.1 PROGRAMMING ENVIRONMENT OF MICROCONTROLLER

Microcontrollers were originally programmed only in assembly language,

but various high-level programming languages are now also in common use to
target microcontrollers. These languages are either designed especially for the
purpose, or versions of general purpose languages such as the C programming

11
language. Compilers for general purpose languages will typically have some
restrictions as well as enhancements to better support the unique characteristics
of microcontrollers. Some microcontrollers have environments to aid
developing certain types of applications. Microcontroller vendors often make
tools freely available to make it easier to adopt their hardware.

Many microcontrollers are so quirky that they effectively require their

own non-standard dialects of C, such as SDCC for the 8051, which prevent
using standard tools (such as code libraries or static analysis tools) even for
code unrelated to hardware features. Interpreters are often used to hide such low
level quirks.

Interpreter firmware is also available for some microcontrollers. For

example, BASIC on the early microcontrollers Intel 8052; BASIC and FORTH
on the Zilog Z8 as well as some modern devices. Typically these interpreters
support interactive programming.

Simulators are available for some microcontrollers. These allow a

developer to analyze what the behavior of the microcontroller and their program
should be if they were using the actual part. A simulator will show the internal
processor state and also that of the outputs, as well as allowing input signals to
be generated. While on the one hand most simulators will be limited from being
unable to simulate much other hardware in a system, they can exercise
conditions that may otherwise be hard to reproduce at will in the physical
implementation, and can is the quickest way to debug and analyze problems.

Recent microcontrollers are often integrated with on-chip debug circuitry

that when accessed by an in-circuit emulator via JTAG, allow debugging of the
firmware with a debugger.

12
 An embedded microcontroller is a chip, which has a computer processor
with all its support function (clocking and reset), memory (both program storage
and RAM), and I/O (including bus interfaces) uilt into the device. These built
in function minimize the need for external circuits and devices to the designed
in the final applications. The improvements in micro-controller technology has
meant that it is often more cost-effective, faster and more efficient to develop an
application using a micro-controller rather than discreet logic. Creating
applications for micro-controllers is completely different than any other
development job in computing and electronics. In most other applications,
number of subsystems and interfaces are available but this is not the case for the
micro-controller where the following responsibilities have to be taken.

 Power distribution

 System clocking

 Interface design and wiring

 System Programming

 Application programming

 Device programming

There are two types of micro-controller commonly in use. Embedded

micro-controller is the micro-controller, which has the entire hardware
requirement to run the application, provided on the chip. External memory
micro-controller is the micro-controller that allows the connection of external
memory when the program memory is insufficient for an application or during
the work a separate ROM (or even RAM) will make the work easier.

13
3.6 CONFIRMATION SENDING UNIT

This unite consist of a microcontroller interfaced with a GSM modem

named MOD 9001 by a hand shaking device consisting MAX232. For
confirmation of the motor state also give over voltage and under voltage
detection massages, preferred signals are provided to the microcontroller mother
board by signal conditioning circuit. PIC microcontroller is interfaced with
Modem by hand shaking device. Modem works with AT command send by
microcontroller.

When microcontroller found proper logic of over voltage occur either

under voltage then it gives signals (AT commands) to modem to send a SMS to
the controller mobile phone number which is defined at the program. This
process also happened when motor become ON either OFF. Modem also sends
SMS to controller mobile phone number.

Signal conditioning circuit for voltage detection, (B) Modem

Connection with microcontroller by handshaking device.

14
3.7 OVERLOAD RELAYS

The term eutectic means “easily melted”. The eutectic alloy in the heater
element is a material that goes from a solid to liquid state without going through
an intermediate putty stage. When the motor current exceeds the rated value, the
temperature will rise to a point where the alloy melts; the ratchet wheel is then
free to rotate, and the contact pawl moves upward under spring pressure
allowing the control circuit contacts to open. After the heater element cools, the
ratchet wheel will again be held stationary and the overload contacts can be
reset. Severe fault currents can damage the heater element and they should be
replaced after such an occurrence. However, normal overloads, usually, will not
affect the heater element or alter its accuracy.

15
MONITORING AND MEASURING CURRENT FOR OPTIMAL
MOTOR CONTROL

3.8 CURRENT MONITORING

Current is a common signal to be sensed, monitored, and fed back to the

motor-control loop. Current sense amplifiers make it easier to monitor the
current into and out of the system with a high level of precision. If current-sense
amplifiers are used, no transducer is needed, as the electrical signal itself is
being measured. Current-sense amplifiers detect shorts and transients, and they
monitor power and reverse-battery conditions.

3.9 CURRENT MEASUREMENT

There is a variety of techniques to measure current, but by far the most popular
uses a current-sense resistor. In this technique the voltage drop across the
current-sense resistor is first amplified by an op amp set up in a differential gain
stage, and then measured. Traditionally, this approach has been implemented
with discrete components. However, discrete solutions also introduce some
disadvantages such as the requirement for matched resistors, poor drift, and a
larger solution area. Fortunately, these multiple and varied disadvantages can be
overcome by integrating current-sense amplifiers into the design. Not only do
the amplifiers measure the current, but they also sense the direction of current,

16
accommodate wide common-mode ranges, and provide more precise
measurement. Current measurement employs either the low-side principle in
which the sense resistor connects in series with the ground path, or the high-side
principle in which the sense resistor connects in series with the hot wire. In low-
side measurement, the circuit has a low-input common-mode voltage and the
output voltage is ground referenced. The low-side resistor adds undesirable
extraneous resistance in the ground path. In high-side measurement, the load is
grounded but the high-side resistor must cope with relatively large common-
mode signals. High-side sensing also allows detection of fault conditions such
as the motor case or winding that shorts to ground.

3.10 SENSING MOTOR SPEED, POSITION, AND MOVEMENT

Hall-effect sensors are used to sense the speed, position, and direction of
motors. With integrated device logic, the sensors then communicate that data to
the system for real-time feedback. The sensor also detects and reports any
interruption to the motor so corrective action can be taken. Typically, to detect
the direction of movement two Hall-effect sensors are used. Commutation can
be synchronized to Hall edges if the system has the same number of Hall-effect
devices as motor phases and if the mechanical geometry of the Hall-effect
devices is correlated with the electrical geometry of the motor phases. Maxim's
MAX9641 combines two Hall-effect sensors and sensor signal conditioning to

17
provide both positional and directional outputs. Hall-effect sensors can also be
used with special Hall-effect sensor interface products like the MAX9621.

The interface devices provide several functions: protect against supply

transients, sense and filter the current drawn by the Hall-effect sensors, and
diagnose and protect against faults. Hall-effect sensors improve robustness and
repeatability, compared to mechanical photo interrupter-based systems which
are compromised in environments with dust and humidity. Since Hall-effect
sensors detect the magnetic field produced by a magnet or current, they can
operate continuously in such harsh environmental conditions. In some
applications vibration, dust, and high temperature cause active sensors to
operate improperly. In these situations passive elements can be used to sense the
motor's operation and feed that data to the system with an interface IC.

Alternatively, variable-reluctance (VR) sensors can be used in these

extreme operating conditions. VR sensors like the MAX9924—MAX9927 have
a coil to sense the speed and rotation of motors. When the toothed wheel of the
shaft attached to a motor passes by the face of the magnet, the amount of
magnetic flux passing through the magnet and, consequently, the coil varies.
When the tooth is close to the sensor, the flux is at a maximum. When the tooth
is further away, the flux drops off. The rotating toothed wheel results in a time-
varying flux that induces a proportional voltage in the coil. Subsequent
electronics then process this signal to get a digital waveform that can be counted
and timed more readily. Integrated VR-sensor interface solutions possess many
advantages over other solutions, including enhanced noise immunity and
accurate phase information.

18
3.11 MONITORING AND CONTROLLING MULTICHANNEL
CURRENTS AND VOLTAGES

To monitor and control a motor, multiple currents and voltages need to be

measured and the phase integrity between the channels preserved. Designers are
faced with two choices for the ADC architecture: use multiple single-channel
ADCs in parallel, a design that makes it very difficult to synch up the
conversion timing; or use a simultaneous-sampling ADC. The simultaneous-
sampling architecture uses either multiple ADCs in a single package, all with a
single conversion trigger or with multiple sample-and-hold amplifiers (also
referred to as track-and-hold amplifiers) on the analog inputs. In the case of
multiple sample-and-hold amplifiers, a multiplexer is still used between the
multiple analog inputs and the single ADC. Simultaneous sampling eliminates
the need for complicated digital-signal-processing algorithms.

Sampling speeds of 100ksps or more are common for motor-control

applications. At these speeds the ADC continuously monitors the motor for any
indication of errors or potential damage. At the first sign of trouble, the system
can correct itself or shut down when necessary. If the ADC does not sample fast
enough, an error condition might not be identified early enough to be addressed.

19
The amount of dynamic measurement range varies for each motor-control
application. In some cases 12 bits of resolution are sufficient. For the more
precise motor-control applications, however, 16 bits of resolution are a more
common standard. A high-performance 16-bit ADC like the MAX11044 or
MAX11049 allows a system to achieve better than 90dB of dynamic range.
Maxim offers a broad portfolio of simultaneous-sampling ADCs designed for
motor control. Devices have both serial and parallel interfaces, and 12-, 14-, or
16-bit operation.

3.12 HIGH-ACCURACY MOTOR CONTROL WITH ENCODER DATA

INTERFACES

The accuracy with which a motor needs to be controlled depends on the

system requirements. In some applications the accuracy requirements are very
high, as in industrial robotics or in bottling. A welding robot, for example, is
expected to operate with high speed and high precision. Similarly, the motors in
a bottling factory must be controlled accurately so that bottles are stopped at the
right position for filling, capping, and labeling. To control a motor precisely, the
rotor's speed, direction, and position have to be determined. These can be
monitored with analog sensors like resolvers, synchros, RVDTs, or rotary
potentiometers. High accuracy is obtained with the use of encoders like optical

20
encoders and Hall-effect sensors. Encoders provide the controller with
incremental and/or absolute shaft-angle information. A motor controller,
commonly implemented algorithmically by a digital signal processor (DSP),
calculates the rotor's present speed and angle. It adjusts the actuating power
stages to achieve the desired response efficiently and optimally. This feedback
control loop requires robust and reliable information from the sensor, typically
communicated over long cables from the encoder to the controller.

Incremental information is typically transmitted to the controller by

quadrature signals, i.e., two signals phase shifted by 90°. These signals can be in
analog form (sine + cosine) or in binary form. Absolute position information, in
contrast, is only communicated by a serialized binary data stream through RS-
482 or RS-422. As the working environments are harsh, the data paths need to
be robust and reliable. EMI levels are high, which explains the use of
differential signaling. High temperatures are commonly encountered due to the
proximity to the motor. Maxim's extensive range of RS-485/RS-422 and
PROFIBUS interface devices are targeted for these motor-control applications.
Interface devices like the MAX14840E high-speed RS-485 transceiver exhibit
the high-signal integrity and robustness expected for stringent safety control and
for sustaining the uptime of large capital investments.

21
INTRODUCTION TO BELT
CONVEYOR

22
 CHAPTER-4

INTRODUCTION TO BELT CONVEYOR

The belt conveyor is an endless belt moving over two end pulleys at fixed
positions and used for transporting material horizontally or at an incline up or
down. The main components of a belt conveyor are:

1. The belt that forms the moving and supporting surface on which the

conveyed material rides. It is the tractive element. The belt should be

selected considering the material to be transported.

2. The idlers, which form the supports for the carrying and return stands of

the belt.

3. The pulleys that support and move the belt and controls its tension.

4. The drive that imparts power to one or more pulleys to move the belt

and its loads.

5. The structure that supports and maintains the alignments of the idlers

and pulleys and support the driving machinery.

4.1 OTHER COMPONENTS :

1. Loading chute or feeder chute that organizes the flow of material and

directs it on the belt conveyor.

2. Take-up-device which is used to maintain the proper tension of the belt

for effective power transmission.

3. Belt cleaner that keeps the belt free from materials sticking to the belt.

4. Tramp removal device, which is optionally used in case the conveyed

material bears the chance of having tramp iron mixed with it and
subsequent handling of the material, demands its removal.

23
 5. Continuous weighing device for constantly measuring the load being

carried by the conveyor belt.

6. Discharge chutes to guide the discharged projectile to subsequent

conveyor or other receiving point.

7. Surge hopper and feeder, which is essential for supplying material to the

conveyor at uniform rate when the supply of material is intermittent.

8. Tripper arrangement to discharge material at different point or to other

device.

4.2 THE LIMITATIONS OF CONVEYOR BELT:

1. The loading and transfer points need to be properly designed.

2. Numbers of protective devices have to be incorporated to save the belt

from getting damaged by operational problems.

3. The belt needs higher initial tension (40-200% of useful pull).

4. The use of belt is restricted by the lump size. If the maximum diagonal

of a irregular lump is X then the belt width (B) is approximately given

by:

5. B  Xa  200

6. where, B: Belt width, mm

7. X: Longest diagonal of irregular lump, mm

8. a: Factor to account for grading. a is taken as 2.5 for graded material

and 3 for un-graded material. However, for particular material these

values must be properly estimated.

9. Conveying of sticky material is associated with problems of cleaning

and discharge causing poor productivity.

24
10. Higher elongation of the belt (4% elongation may take place at the
working load).

11. Some of the applications of belt conveyors are shown in Figures below:

Level or inclined Conveyor receiving material at tail end and

discharging at head end.

Level Conveyor receiving material at any point through travelling

Hopper and discharging at head end.

25
Level and inclined Conveyor receiving material at and near tail end,
having vertical curve to incline, and discharging at head end.

Level and inclined Conveyor with chute. Material received from bins
too close to elevated head end to permit use of vertical curve.

Inclined and level Conveyor receiving material at tail end and

discharging from level section through a movable Tripper.

26
Level Conveyor on raised structure with double-wing Tripper forming
storage piles on both sides of Conveyor.

Inclined Conveyor receiving material at tail end and discharging at

several points through a series of fixed Trippers.

27
 Level Conveyor with Stacker or Boom Conveyor mounted on revolving
turntable so as to discharge to both sides of Conveyor.

4.3 BELT CONVEYOR TYPES

Permanent:

This type of conveyors is installed for the life of the mine. They
are used in main line, slope, long overland installation, preparation plants and
stockpiles.

Portable:

These are characterised by relative ease of assembling and

disassembling to facilitate advances and recovery in development and retreat
operations in underground mining. Portable conveyors mounted on crawler or
wheels are also used in mechanised quarries and surface mines.

Shiftable:

Used in continuous surface mining this type of conveyor is

mounted on skid or supporting structures aligned together and the whole can be
shifted transversely to follow the advancing working face.

High Angle Conveyor:

These are special type of conveyor belt arrangement used for

negotiating steeper angle of inclination. Such belts can work in slope up to 70-
800. Sandwich belt conveyor is a type of such belt conveyor.

Cable Belt Conveyor:

Where the belt is carried on moving wire ropes and the tractive
force is applied through the rope to the belt is known as cable belt conveyor.
NALCO (in collaboration with France) is using such system for long distance
conveying of bauxite in their mines in Orissa.

28
DIAGRAM

29
 CHAPTER-5

5.1 BLOCK DIAGRAM

30
WORKING PRINCIPLE

31
 CHAPTER-6

6.1 WORKING PRINCIPLE

 Microcontrollers are used in automatically control products and device

such as automobile engine control systems, remote controls, office machines,
power tools and toys.

 Initially the signal is received from the conveyor when the object placed
in the conveyor by using the object or weight sensor.
 As per the Signal from the sensor, the micro controller receives the signal
and transmits the signal to the motor which is connected to the parallel
connection through cables. The input given by the microcontroller to the
motor, the control switch is turned on.
 Finally, if there is no weight in the conveyor, microcontrollers send the
signal to the motor to off its motion.

32
 ADVANTAGES,
DISADVANTAGES
&
APPLICATIONS

33
 CHAPTER-7

7.1 ADVANTAGES

 The Conveyor Automation is more efficient in the technical field

 Quick response is achieved
 Simple in construction
 Easy to maintain and repair
 Cost of the unit is less when compared to other robotics
 No fire hazard problem due to over loading
 Comparatively the operation cost is less
 Continuous operation is possible without stopping.

7.2 DISADVANTAGES

 Require high space

 Maintenance cost is high

7.3 APPLICATION

Conveyor belts are widely used in mineral industry. Underground mine

transport, opencast mine transport and processing plants deploy conveyor belts
of different kinds to adopt the specific job requirements. The main advantages
of conveyor belt system are:

 A wider range of material can be handled which pause problems in

other transportation means. Belt conveyor can be used for abrasive, wet,
dry, sticky or dirty material. The lump size of the transported material is

34
 limited by the width of the belt. Belts up to 2500 mm wide are used in
mining industry.
 Higher capacity can be handled than any other form of conveyor at a
considerably lower cost per tonne kilometer. Conveyor belts with capacity
of 11000t/h and even higher can be deployed to match with higher capacity
mining machinery.
 Longer distances can be covered more economically than any other
transportation system. A single belt conveyor or a series of belt conveyors
can do this. Belt conveyors can be adopted for cross-country laying.
 By the use of many forms of ancillary equipment such as mobile
trippers or spreaders bulk material can be distributed and deposited
whenever required.
 Many other functions can be performed with the basic conveying
like weighing, sorting, picking, sampling, blending, spraying, cooling,
drying etc.
 Structurally it is one of the lightest forms of conveying machine. It
is comparatively cheaper and supporting structures can be used for many
otherwise impossible structures such as crossing rivers, streets and valleys.
 The belt conveyor can be adopted for special purposes (fire resistant,
wear resistant, corrosion resistant, high angle negotiation etc.) and can be
integrated with other equipment.
 It can be horizontal, incline or decline or combination of all.
 Minimum labor is required for the operation and maintenance of belt
conveyor system.
 In underground mine transport, belt conveyor can be used in thin
seams as it eliminates the rock works that might otherwise be required to
gain haulage height. Moreover, belt conveyor can provide continuous
haulage service from pit bottom to the surface.

35
CONCLUSION

36
 CHAPTER-8
CONCLUSION

Design such a project and implement it, we gather great practical

experience. We tried to implement our theoretical knowledge successfully. This
course teaches us about the far difference between theoretical and practical
knowledge. This project increases our ability to work as a group and it helps us
in future life. But we face several problems because of unavailability of quality
goods, technical support and inexperience. Despite that we enjoyed our work
very much and successfully finished that work in perfection. In this dynamic
world motor is the most convenient and useful tool in industry. Large rated
motor required flexible control and protection. We hope our project can bring
dynamic change in our industrial power saving motor controlling system.

37
REFERENCES

38
 REFERENCES

 The 8051Microcontroller by Kenneth J. Ayala

 The 8051Microcontroller and Embedded Systems by Muhammad Ali
Mazidi.
 Principles and Applications of GSM by Vijay Garg.
 Artificial Intelligence – Elain Rich & Kevin Knight, Tata Mc Grew Hill,

2nd Edition.
 Artificial Intelligence – A Modern approach – Staurt Russel and Peter
Norving, Pears on Education,
 Introduction to Robotics – P.J.Mc Kerrow, Addisson Wesley, USA, 1991
Bernard Skla r, Digital
 ETS 300 502. European Digital Cellular Telecommunication System
(Phase 2); Teleservices Supported by a GSM Public Land Mobile Network
(PLMN). European Telecommunications Standards Institute. September
1994.
 Matthew C. Valenti and Jian Sun, Chapter 12: Turbo Codes, Handbook of
RF and Wireless
 GSM Multiple Access Scheme,
http://www.eecg.toronto.edu/~nazizi/gsm/ma/ William Stallings Data
and Computer Communications 7th Edition: Chapter 9 Spread
Spectrum,http://juliet.stfx.ca/~lyang/csci-465/lectures/09-
SpreadSpectrum-new.ppt
 ETS 300 608. Digital Cellular Telecommunication System (Phase 2);
Specification of the Subscriber Identity Module-Mobile Equipment
(SIM-ME) Interface. European Telecommunications Standards Institute.

39
 May 1998.
 ETR 100. European Digital Cellular Telecommunication System (Phase 2);
Abbreviations and
 Jorg Eberspacher and Hans-Jörg Vögel. GSM Switching, services and
Protocols. John Wiley and Sons,
 Klaus Vedder GSM: Security, Services, and SIM. State of the art in Applied
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40