Module 3: Legal, Social and

Psychological Considerations
 Legal Considerations

• Concept of Land
• Concept of Titling
• Concept of Land Title
• Torrens Title
• Land Registration
• Land Development Laws

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Social and Psychological
Considerations
• Social Impact Behavior Settings
• Social Data
• User Requirements
• Cultural Significance
• Traffic Management Plan
• Historical Significance
• Activity and Communication Linkage
• Aesthetics
• Vocabulary of Space
• Movement Systems

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 MOVEMENT SYSTEMS

• The proper articulation of this detail of site planning is

important, since insufficient transition areas between roads,
buildings, walks, walls, steps, or trees will contribute to
physical and visual crowding of the site. It should consider
the convenience of the user so it must be simple. 4/43
 MOVEMENT SYSTEMS

• Circulation systems are important to any and every site

development project.

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 MOVEMENT SYSTEMS

• One of the primary structuring

elements of a land use plan is the
vehicular circulation system.

• It forms the hierarchy of flow and

change of scale from major to
minor roads within a site or
project and connects with off-
site networks that bring people
and goods to the site.

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 MOVEMENT SYSTEMS

• Circulation patterns involve the approach, drop off,

parking, and service in an organized sequence.

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 MOVEMENT SYSTEMS

• The study of vehicular and pedestrian circulation must

involve peak loads, public vehicular access and stops,
service access, and traffic generators.

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 MOVEMENT SYSTEMS

• It must also involve the study of spaces for the disabled.

Access and areas for wheelchairs and people who use
canes and other implements must be considered in any
development.

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 THE SITE
MOVEMENT SYSTEMS
VEHICULAR CIRCULATION PATTERNS
alignment of roads should closely follow the topography of the site
users and mode of transportation should be considered

• size of the road

• radius of turns
• type of approach

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 THE SITE
MOVEMENT SYSTEMS
VEHICULAR CIRCULATION PATTERNS
ROAD LAYOUTS
1. Grid System
- generally used on flat or gently rolling land
- usually made up of streets equally spaced running perpendicular to each other

Negative:
- visual monotony
- disregard of topography
- vulnerability to through traffic

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 THE SITE
MOVEMENT SYSTEMS
VEHICULAR CIRCULATION PATTERNS
ROAD LAYOUTS
1. Grid System

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 THE SITE
MOVEMENT SYSTEMS
VEHICULAR CIRCULATION PATTERNS
ROAD LAYOUTS
1. Grid System

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 THE SITE
MOVEMENT SYSTEMS
VEHICULAR CIRCULATION PATTERNS
ROAD LAYOUTS
2. Radial System
- directs flow to a common center or focus
- may not be as flexible as the grid system
- additional rings may be injected to allow for the bypassing of movement

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 THE SITE
MOVEMENT SYSTEMS
VEHICULAR CIRCULATION PATTERNS
ROAD LAYOUTS
3. Linear System
- straightforward and connects 2 points in a line,
with buildings on either side of the road
- may use loops on either side of the road to divert traffic from the main road
- used along freight railroads, canals, and trolley car lines
- lack of focus and overloading of the channel

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 THE SITE
MOVEMENT SYSTEMS
VEHICULAR CIRCULATION PATTERNS
ROAD LAYOUTS
4. Curvilinear System
- follows the topography of the land closely
- fewer streets compared to the grid system
- cul-de-sacs are usually used

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 MOVEMENT SYSTEMS

• The National Building Code (NBC) gives provisions for

exterior circulation systems consisting of arcades and
sidewalks, as well as provisions for interior circulation
systems such as corridors, stairwells, elevators, etc.

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 MOVEMENT SYSTEMS

• Circulation systems are supposed to be designed such that

pedestrian and vehicular movements are properly
interfaced.

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 THE SITE
MOVEMENT SYSTEMS
VEHICULAR CIRCULATION PATTERNS
STREET TYPES
1. Minor Streets - fronted by low-intensity uses
- integration of road with land is emphasized
- speed of movement is de-emphasized
2. Collector Streets

- fronted by small-scale activities, and moderate intensity uses

- provide movement between major and minor roads
- catches/collects trips from the minor streets

3. Major Streets - built for heavy traffic flow, with intersections at longer intervals

Distributors
- continuous over long distances, allowing for high speed vehicular traffic
- no access along their frontages
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- carry vehicles bound to/from distant origins/destinations from the access roads
 THE SITE
MOVEMENT SYSTEMS
VEHICULAR CIRCULATION PATTERNS
STREET TYPES

los angeles, freeway 5 and 110

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 THE SITE
MOVEMENT SYSTEMS
VEHICULAR CIRCULATION PATTERNS
STREET TYPES

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 THE SITE
MOVEMENT SYSTEMS
VEHICULAR CIRCULATION PATTERNS
STREET TYPES

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 THE SITE
MOVEMENT SYSTEMS
VEHICULAR CIRCULATION PATTERNS PD 957:
-row = 8.0
STREET TYPES
-carriageway = 6
sidewalk/planting strip = 2
pedestrian = 1.2

sidewalk carriageway sidewalk

curb bikeway
planting strip planting strip
curb
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 THE SITE
MOVEMENT SYSTEMS
VEHICULAR CIRCULATION PATTERNS

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 THE SITE
MOVEMENT SYSTEMS
VEHICULAR CIRCULATION PATTERNS
PARKING

- one of the most important land uses within a site

- usually planned according to the largest vehicle that will enter and use the site
- should be linked to the building and drop-off areas

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 THE SITE
MOVEMENT SYSTEMS
VEHICULAR CIRCULATION PATTERNS
PARKING

- one of the most important land uses within a site

- usually planned according to the largest vehicle that will enter and use the site
- should be linked to the building and drop-off areas

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 THE SITE
MOVEMENT SYSTEMS
VEHICULAR CIRCULATION PATTERNS
PARKING

a. Size of the Parking Area

b. Amount needed for each sq.m. of gross leasable area

c. Direction of traffic flow to the site
d. Circulation of traffic flow within the site and within the parking area
e. Drainage of the Parking Area
f.Angle of Parking - 90˚, 60˚ and 45˚
(usually determined by the width of the land area)
.g. Width of the Parking space; Handicapped Parking must be
considered

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PARKING AREAS 90 O PARKING
PARKING AREAS 60 O PARKING
PARKING AREAS 45 O PARKING
PARKING AREAS
 THE SITE
MOVEMENT SYSTEMS
VEHICULAR CIRCULATION PATTERNS
PARKING

h. Type of Parking - self or valet/attendant?

i. Distance of Parking area to the building it services
(maximum distance should be convenient)
j. Use of Site Elements
(lighting, planting, paving materials)
k. Determination of Customer parking and Service Area parking
(separate?)

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 THE SITE
MOVEMENT SYSTEMS
PEDESTRIAN CIRCULATION PATTERNS
important linkage between the activities within a site and surrounding areas
primary objectives:
• safety
• security
• convenience
• coherence
• comfort
• aesthetics

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 THE SITE
MOVEMENT SYSTEMS
PEDESTRIAN CIRCULATION PATTERNS

• safety - is there a buffer between you

and vehicular traffic?
•security - do you feel at ease?
•convenience - does it provide good
access to your destination?
•coherence - is there continuity between
pathways?
•comfort - do you feel shaded from
climate?
•aesthetics - do you wish to leave the
path immediately or tend to
wander?

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 THE SITE
MOVEMENT SYSTEMS
PEDESTRIAN CIRCULATION PATTERNS
people will follow the most direct path between 2 points

Desire Line

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 THE SITE
MOVEMENT SYSTEMS
PEDESTRIAN CIRCULATION PATTERNS
people will follow the most direct path between 2 points

an informal path that pedestrians prefer to take to get

Desire Line from one location to another rather than using a sidewalk
or other official route
- from Paul McFerdies’ Wordspy website

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 THE SITE
MOVEMENT SYSTEMS
PEDESTRIAN CIRCULATION PATTERNS
. A longer walk may be used if there are points of interest along the path.

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 THE SITE
MOVEMENT SYSTEMS
PEDESTRIAN CIRCULATION PATTERNS
The walks or pathways are usually fit to the topography of the site, and by
making use of the aesthetic qualities inherent or improved in the site, an
aesthetically pleasing walk may be designed.

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 THE SITE
MOVEMENT SYSTEMS
PEDESTRIAN CIRCULATION PATTERNS

Factors to consider: • hierarchy to assist in distribution

• alignment of the walks
• spatial sequence along a walk
• texture, color, and type of paving material

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 THE SITE
MOVEMENT SYSTEMS
PEDESTRIAN CIRCULATION PATTERNS

To assist in the distribution of the various volumes of

pedestrians to their destinations, walks are created with a
hierarchy in mind. Bigger walks lead to locations pedestrians
access more frequently.

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 THE SITE
MOVEMENT SYSTEMS
PEDESTRIAN CIRCULATION PATTERNS

- spatial: if you encourage pedestrianization, make use of aesthetic

qualities inherent or improved in the site
- arch steve hermann, house in california, $24m for sale

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 THE SITE
MOVEMENT SYSTEMS
PEDESTRIAN CIRCULATION PATTERNS
Other factors to be studied are the alignment of the walks,
the visual approach to a building, the spatial sequence
along a walk, and the texture, color, and type of paving
material which will be used, as this will affect the pedestrian
and create a link with the other site elements.

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 THE SITE
MOVEMENT SYSTEMS
PEDESTRIAN CIRCULATION PATTERNS
Other factors to be studied are the alignment of the walks,
the visual approach to a building, the spatial sequence
along a walk, and the texture, color, and type of paving
material which will be used, as this will affect the pedestrian
and create a link with the other site elements.

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 THE SITE
MOVEMENT SYSTEMS
PEDESTRIAN CIRCULATION PATTERNS

Factors to consider: • hierarchy to assist in distribution

• alignment of the walks
• spatial sequence along a walk
• texture, color, and type of paving material

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 THE SITE
MOVEMENT SYSTEMS
PEDESTRIAN CIRCULATION PATTERNS
- texture: Skanderborggade Day Care Centre in Copenhagen, Denmark
by Dorte Mandrup Arkitekter
- texture: one storey regulation with built area equal to outdoor area =
solution integrate ground with roof through pathway

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 THE SITE
MOVEMENT SYSTEMS
PEDESTRIAN CIRCULATION PATTERNS
- texture: : Skanderborggade Day Care Centre in Copenhagen, Denmark
by Dorte Mandrup Arkitekter
- texture: one storey regulation with built area equal to outdoor area =
solution integrate ground with roof through pathway

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 THE SITE
MOVEMENT SYSTEMS
PEDESTRIAN CIRCULATION PATTERNS
- texture: sports hall, slovenia Podčetrtek

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END OF LECTURE

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 Assignment:
PLATE no. 2: SITE DEVELOPMENT PLAN (INDIVIDUAL)
PLATE no. 2: SITE DEVELOPMENT PLAN OF BAHAY PARI
RETIREMENENT CENTER FOR PRIESTS
DUE: OCT. 22, 2015
10:30 a.m.
ESQUISSE NO. 1
ON OCTOBER 8, 2015, THURSDAY
10:30 A.m. – 12 noon

BRING: A3 SIZE BOND OR TRACING PAPER

PENCILS, PEN, T-SQUARE, TRIANGLES
COLORING / RENDERING MATERIALS

VENUE: UPCA BUILDING 1, DRAFTING AREA 1