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Water Saturation and Free Water Level Aforementioned approach (the use of actual capillary curves for
computation of water saturation from capillary pressure model) is
Computation in Techlog* the simplest of possible approaches and its biggest advantage is
The problem of correct definition of reservoir saturation is actual at an extreme simplicity of receiving such model with a good result,
the most different stages of modeling – from petrophysics to considerably surpassing the quality of the traditional approaches in
geology and reservoir engineering. Upon that, approaches for Excel. However, Techlog allows to significantly improve this model
calculation and distribution of this major parameter are often not and to make it much more physical, therefore more precisely
coordinated between experts in practice even in the scope of one correlating with actual data on fluid saturation.
work on modeling. For example, petrophysicists use electric
(resistivity) model for saturation and obtain water saturation by
measuring on formation resistivity. Geologists cannot directly use
these data, due to an incorrectness of stochastic distribution of
saturation on a reservoir scale. They are forced to build the
generalized dependences on the height above a contact or the
absolute height of a reservoir, created on the basis of curves
approximation of water saturation from wireline. Reservoir
engineers traditionally use capillary pressure curves for model
creation of water saturation distribution which answers their
essential condition of an initial equilibrium state of model. It is clear
that different approaches when modeling the same parameter do
not improve reliability of saturation calculation, therefore it is still a
big problem in practice.
Fig. 2. Water saturation (cube) calculation in Petrel using the function
from Techlog
This issue has been prepared by employees of Software Integrated Solutions, Astana, Kazakhstan. Software application marks used in this publication, unless
otherwise indicated, are trademarks of Schlumberger. Certain other products and product names are trademarks of registered trademarks of their respective
companies or organizations. An asterisk (*) is used throughout this document to designate a mark of Schlumberger.
© 2016 Schlumberger. All rights reserved.
Newsletter of SIS in Caspian region April - May 2016
saturation from log model there is an opportunity to compute FWL
at which capillary (core) and resistivity (log) models will obtain the
most similar results. Such simple and effective tool allows to solve
one of the most complex challenges of geological modeling –
computation of FWL on each well individually or an average value
on a reservoir.
Results
The following results will be obtained from SHM module in Techlog:
1. Simple J-function with water saturation as a function of
FWL can be build on the basis of the actual capillary
Fig.4. Thomeer function to obtain mathematical model of water saturation from
capillary pressure
curves and it can be directly transferred to Petrel for
geological or dynamic calculations;
The user can built a capillary model which describes more precisely 2. More complex functions (Brooks-Corey, Lambda,
Thomeer) on water saturation from FWL can be
all range of change in reservoir properties as a result of application
constructed with the use of additional parameters. Such
of more complex techniques which are used in Techlog. Such
model demands an extra time for construction, but
construction example is presented in Fig. 4. Actually this model is
always gives the best result at further saturation
also dependence of saturation on porosity, permeability and free modeling;
water level and can be transferred and used in Petrel with the same 3. With the aids of functions obtained from case 1 or 2 the
ease as presented earlier. saturation cube can be quickly received in Petrel;
Possibilities of creation of capillary model in the absence of 4. The table with values will be generated for the ECLIPSE
simulator when using the designated techniques and
the actual capillary curves.
instruments to work along with relative permeability
Unfortunately, there are no actual measurements of capillary (Fig. 6);
curves on a core in certain cases on fields. In Techlog there is an 5. Objects in Techlog (Fig. 7) are saved for their direct
opportunity for such fields to construct synthetic capillary model on transfer to Petrel and further use in geological and
available porosity, permeability and an actual saturation values dynamic modeling.
determined by resistivity model from wireline (Archie’s equation,
Dual Water Model and others).
Also free water level has to be set in a reservoir to solve this task.
In this case Techlog solves the inverse problem – selects such
constants in the same equation of J-function (or other above
mentioned functions) at which the saturation from capillary model Fig. 5. Capillary pressure models from Techlog database are ready to be
will coincide with the saturation calculation from resistivity model. transferred and used in Petrel.
Mixed initialization option in To achieve this preservation of the equilibration saturations, the
composition is adjusted as can be seen in
INTERSECT* the Fig.2. The base case maintains the provided compositions
In addition to equilibrated and enumerated initialization, above the oil-water contact. The case with
INTERSECT 2016 allows mixed hydrostatic initialization where mixed initialization on the other hand, increases the composition of
some the lighter component in the gas zone
primary variables are initialized from the capillary-gravity model and reduces the composition of the heavier component. In the oil
and some are specified explicitly using enumeration. This option is zone the situation is reversed. This
applicable only to cases with a single fluid composition ensures that the resulting composition is consistent with the
(compositional/thermal case (critical fluids)). equilibrated saturations.
This issue has been prepared by employees of Software Integrated Solutions, Astana, Kazakhstan. Software application marks used in this publication, unless
otherwise indicated, are trademarks of Schlumberger. Certain other products and product names are trademarks of registered trademarks of their respective
companies or organizations. An asterisk (*) is used throughout this document to designate a mark of Schlumberger.
© 2016 Schlumberger. All rights reserved.
Newsletter of SIS in Caspian region April - May 2016
4) Additional recommendations
Fig.1. Seismic Settings Tab in System Settings Close all unused windows, as they consume memory.
To prefetch data to cache RMB on seismic and choose Prefetch If the seismic data is larger than seismic cache size, either crop the
to cache from the drop down menu. area of interest or reduce the size of the data (by compressing or
realizing).
Also, when working with large seismic data it is useful to free
memory from time to time. It can be done here: File>System>Free Also, seismic visualization styles can be changed:
Memory or by pressing the icon: Bilinear interpolation method instead of smoothing.
3) Graphics Memory and Seismic Texture Cache Reduced number of annotations.
Decrease time to wait for data.
Geobodies, points, polygons, light tool, well trajectories, surfaces,
Apply decimation while dragging.
horizons visualization are dependent on graphics memory. Texture
cache size represents amount of texture memory that can be
cached on the GPU for seismic volume interpretation. For geobody
interpretation workflows increase the value to render as much data
as possible.
This issue has been prepared by employees of Software Integrated Solutions, Astana, Kazakhstan. Software application marks used in this publication, unless
otherwise indicated, are trademarks of Schlumberger. Certain other products and product names are trademarks of registered trademarks of their respective
companies or organizations. An asterisk (*) is used throughout this document to designate a mark of Schlumberger.
© 2016 Schlumberger. All rights reserved.