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A. Theory
The performance of a sedimentation basin for a given raw-water quality can be understood with
the help of particle settling theories. Particle suspensions are separated into four classifications based
on their concentration and morphology. Type I particles are discrete and do not interfere with one
another during settling because the concentration is low and they do not flocculate. Type II suspensions
consist of particles that can adhere to each other if they bump into each other. At concentrations higher
than Type I and II suspensions, hindered, or Type III, settling occurs. At much higher concentrations
than are found in Type III settling, Type IV settling or compression settling occurs where the
suspension begins to consolidate slowly.
In this process, Type III settling occurs because when the particles are dispersed in a solution they
go down the lower regions of the sedimentation basin. Hindered settling typically occurs in this region
and it is here where the concentration of suspended particles is highest.
B. Operation
Water flows horizontally through the sedimentation basin, then rises vertically to overflow the
discharge channel weir at the tank surface. While the water slowly rises, the floc settles in the opposite
direction and is expelled mechanically by continuous-action sludge removal machinery. The process
does not remove all the floc so particles lighter than the overflow rate flow out with the effluent, and
are removed by filtration. The sedimentation basin sludge is disposed of by passing it to a lagoon,
thickening and holding, or directing it to the sanitary sewer.
C. Equipment Design
1. Design Input
Parameter Value
Design flow rate 200 gpcd or 0.52575 m3/s
Number of rectangular tanks 2
Tank L/W ratio 4
Surface loading ratio 0.93 gram/sq.ft
Ave Depth 14 ft
Weir loading rate 13.9 gpm/ft
Sludge collection Chain and flight
Sludge quantity Approximately 4% of total flow
2. Design Criteria
Step 7:
Check the L:D ratio
Step 8:
Determine and check the
horizontal mean velocity
Step 9:
Determine and check the
hydraulic detention time
Step 10:
Calculate the hydraulic radius
Step 11:
Determine and check Reynolds
and Froude number
Step 12:
Assume launder length based
from and design criteria
Step 13:
Determine the number of
launders
Step 14:
Calculate the weir loading rate
Figure 3.14: Design Procedure of Sedimentation Basin
5. Design Calculation
Q
ν OF = ; where Q = process flow rate
As
ν OF = overflow rate
A s = basin area on settling zone
Q
As =
ν OF
m3
45424.8
day
As = 3tanks
m3
32.5
day • m 2
m2
A s = 465.895
tank
w=4m
As
L = width/tank
w
m2
465.895
tank
4 m
L= tank
4m
L = 29.11 or 29.11 : 1 ; This is larger tha n the ratio of 4 : 1 and is ACCEPTABLE
STEP 5: Assume,
Trial depth of water = 8.5m
Reynolds Number
vf R H
R= ; where R = Reynolds number
υ
R H = hydraulic radius
v f = horizontal mean velocity
υ = kinematic viscosity
m
(0.006 )(1.84m)
R= s
2
1.307 × 10 -6 m
s
R = 8454.47 ; ACCEPTABLE
Froude Number
(v f ) 2
Fr = ; wher e Fr = Froude number
gR H
v f = horizontal mean veloc ity
g = accelerati on due to gravity, 9.81 m
s
R H = hydraulic radius
(0.006 m) 2
Fr =
m
(9.81 2 )(1.84m)
s
Fr = 1.9 × 10 6 ; ACCEPTABLE
As
n
L launder = t
3
55.5m
L launder =
3
L launder = 18.5m
PLAN VIEW
w=4m
Opening in floor for
Launders
Sludge drive chain
Launder length = 18.5
Stop Gates Lc of chain & tee rails
Walkway Effluent
Influent
Launder length = 18.5
Lc of chain & tee rails
Equipment
tank width
w=4m
Sludge symmetrical Launders
about center line
Lc of drive
Lc of chain & tee rails
Launder length = 18.5
Diffusser Wall = 2m
Figure
3.15: Plan View of Sedimentation Tank
Tank depth = 2m
Influent
Effluent
Sludge
settling zone
sludge zone
sludge
c