First Order

Differential Equation
1. DEFINITION
2. ORDER
3. FORMATION OF DIFFERENTIAL EQUATION.
4. SOLUTION OF DIFFERENTIAL EQUATION
5. INITIAL AND BOUNDARY VALUE PROBLEM
6. GROUP WORK

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Definitions
• A differential equation = equation contains derivatives, either ordinary
derivatives (ODE) or partial derivatives (PDE).
• ODE: ordinary derivatives [Focus in this subject]
• single independent variable.
dy
 y  2x
dx

• PDE: partial derivatives

• two or more independent variables.
u u
 y
x y
Order
• Order of the highest differential equation coefficient appear in the
equation
• Focus in this subject: first and second order differential equations.
• Most of the solution techniques for second order can be easily extended to
higher order.
Formation of differential equations
Differential equations can be formed by eliminating the constants from
the given expressions.
Example: y = 𝐴𝑥 + 𝑥 2
Answer: 𝑦 ′ = 𝐴 + 2𝑥
Solution of differential equations
• A function  ( x) is the solution for a differential equation if it satisfies
the differential equation.
3
−2
• Show that 𝑦 𝑥 = 𝑥 solution to 4𝑥 2 𝑦 ′′ + 12𝑥𝑦 ′ + 3𝑦 = 0
• Develop first and second derivative.
3 −5 15 −7
𝑦′ = − 𝑥 2 𝑦 ′′ = 𝑥 2
2 4

15 −7 3 −5 −
3
4𝑥 2 𝑥 2 + 12𝑥 − 𝑥 2 + 3 𝑥 2 = 0
4 2
Initial and boundary value problems
• Initial Condition(s) are values of the solution and/or its derivative(s) at
specific points.
• Boundary conditions are conditions which have different values for
the independent variable.
• Boundary value problems are differential equations together with its
boundary conditions.

• Example:
END
Chapter 1_part 1